登岳阳楼原文及译文精选20篇

《秋天的图画》是二年级上册第一组教材的第一篇课文，作者运用比拟的手法，表现秋天丰收的美好景象，表达了作者对秋天的喜爱与赞美。

在本课教学中，我从学生的兴趣入手，尊重学生是学习的主体这一原则每个环节都注意激发学生学习兴趣。

1、 多种形式认识字，培养识字能力

本课要认识8个字，会写8个生字，在教学过程中，先引导学生自主识字，分析字形，利用学过的识字方法，加一加，减一减，形声字，顺口溜这些方式识记，这些方法趣味性强，调动了学生的识字兴趣。

2、 注重朗读能力的培养

“阅读是一种个性化行为”，在指导学生朗读时，教师可依据语言文字，引导学生展开想象，领悟其中的感情。在本课教学中，我抓住“梨树挂起金黄的灯笼，苹果露出红红的脸颊，稻海翻起金色的波浪，高粱举起燃烧的火把”这个句子引导学生体会感悟秋天的美。首先我让学生自由读，然后闭眼想象：你好象看到了什么?听到了什么?闻到了什么?然后把自己的感受通过朗读表现出来呢。

但是，在朗读感悟过程中，课堂气氛不够活跃，我让学生喜欢哪句读哪句，并想想为什么喜欢。大部分学生都喜欢“梨树挂起金黄的灯笼，苹果露出红红的脸颊，稻海翻起金色的波浪，高粱举起燃烧的火把。”至于为什么喜欢，孩子们却说不出来，这是我没有预料到的。接下来就要靠教师的引导了，可是我只是抓住了描写颜色的词语，让学生去感受秋天的色彩，没能通过多媒体辅助教学。那么在我这节课当中，就可以这样设计：先让学生自由读，然后想象：你好象看到了什么?听到了什么?闻到了什么?学生的脑海中闪现出一幅幅形象的画面，然后根据学生的回答，在恰当的时候运用多媒体出示一些与文章内容相关的图片，这样学生就能感受到丰收的喜悦。通过梨与灯笼，苹果与脸颊，稻子与大海，高粱与火把的对比感受秋天的美丽，体会语言文字的生动形象，让学生在不知不觉中领悟语言文字的美。接下来再让孩子们读，孩子们一定能读出自己的感受了。当孩子们理解了这美丽的丰收的热闹情景时，以“谁使秋天这样美丽?”将丰收的景象转到丰收的原因，这样孩子们对勤劳的人们的赞美之情也会油然而生了，还可以让学生说说你想对这些勤劳的人们的话，由此加深了孩子们对劳动者的敬佩之情。这样学生自然就能读出对劳动人们的赞美之情了。

英语论文开题报告-论原文风格的可译性

附表6：

本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告

课题名称：

论原文风格的可译性

系    别：

专    业：

英 语 教 育

指导教师：

作者姓名：

一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义

美籍华裔女作家汤亭亭成长于美国，接受的是西方教育和西方文化，她具有很深厚的英文功底，同时作为华裔后代的她对中国传统文化和中国传统习俗很感兴趣并有所了解。拥有中西两种文化知识背景使作者具有一种双重身份，这也是汤亭亭写作的一个优势。以女勇士中的“无名女人”为例，作者用地道纯正的英文向西方展现旧中国女性的生存状况和社会地位。原文准确再现了中国封建礼教和传统观念对旧中国女性的迫害，尤其是当涉及么中国封建道德观念和传统习俗时，原文以清晰，易懂的语言向西方读者准确明了地传达了信息。

汤亭亭作为文坛女权主义的代表人物之一，也是亚裔文学的重要代表。她的作口大多以女性为题材，反映女性的生存状况，精神面貌和对男权社会性的抗争，作品中运用或借鉴了许多中国古代神话和传说，可见其深受中国传统文化的影响。汤亭亭凭借女勇士获得全美书评会奖等二十多项大奖。她的获奖引起了美国文学界对亚裔文化，边缘文学的广泛关注;国内外专家，学者纷纷对她的作品进行研究和评论，大多数是从文学和文化的角度分析和评述她作品中的女权主义，文化冲突等问题。目前，她的作品的中译本甚少，从翻译理论或实践的角度来研究她的作品就更寥寥无几了。鉴于汤亭亭本人的特殊身份和作品的独创性，笔者认为翻译原文将有助于对作品做进一步的文学，文化和翻译等各方面的研究。本文将从翻译，文体学，文化等多角度相结合来进行实践，探讨如何借助翻译手段和技巧尽可能展现原文的风格，从而论证原文风格的可译性。

二、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题：

本文在翻译的理论与实践相结合的基础上,通过分析原文的风格标记进一步探讨如何借助翻译手段及技巧尽可能地展现原文的风格,从而论证原文风格的可译性。

全文分三大部分,第一部分将从文字符号和文化背景两方面来分析原文的风格,第二部分将在怎样运用翻译手段和技巧体现原文风格这一点上展开论述并进行实践。最后一部分得出结论,论证原文风格的可译性。

三、研究步骤、方法及措施：

利用图书馆、资料室和网络等各种渠道查阅、搜集相关的资料;接着,整理并筛选搜集和检索到的资料,确定大致的选题范围,通过反复比较资料、研究资料后确定题目;最后拟定研究内容的基本框架。

方法及措施:通过搜集、阅读和检索大量的相关资料,以及在指导老师的指导帮助下,和指导老师共同协商完成的。

四、研究工作进度：

五、主要参考文献：

[1] cuddon, j.a. a dictionary of literary terms[m]. great britain:w&j. mackay limited, chatham. 1979:663

[2] 郭著章. 英汉互译实用教程 a practical course in translation between english and chinese[m].武汉: 武汉大学出版社..

[3] 黄龙. translatology[m].南京:江苏教育出版社.1988.

[4] 罗国林.  风格与译风  翻译思考录[c]. 武汉:湖北教育出版社.1998:337.

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好了，请大家看门前这副“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”的楹联，其下句为“谁为天下士，饮酒楼上头。”今天各位就来当一当天下士，以洞庭为酒，开怀畅饮，一起品位博大精深的岳阳楼文化和岳阳的壮丽山川吧!兴许您也会像诗仙李白一样“醉煞洞庭秋”!

登上巴陵古城墙，穿过“南极潇湘”、“北通巫峡”的牌坊，进入眼帘的就是江南三大名楼之冠的岳阳楼。为什么说岳阳楼是江南三大名楼之冠了，有哪位朋友知道吗?好的，就请大家听小X慢慢道来吧!一，历史悠久。大家看看眼前这楼是不是有一种历史的沧桑感?岳阳楼创建的具体时间已不可考，只知在公元220xx年前后，距今已有1700多年历史，其前身相传为三国时期东吴大将鲁肃的“阅军楼”，西晋南北朝时称“巴陵城楼”，初唐时，称为“南楼”，中唐李白赋诗之后，始称“岳阳楼”。所以说咱这岳阳楼面子可不小哦!要由我们的诗仙李白来亲自命名!大家看看横匾“岳阳楼”，这三字是由郭沫若先生题写的，现以编入《中国名匾》一书!

大家再仔细看看这楼，有没有发现其特别之处?这位朋友好棒哦!居然小X知道想说什么。对了，岳阳楼第二个特点就是文物珍贵。在江南三大名楼中唯有岳阳楼是保持其原址、原貌，具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物!咱们这岳阳楼楼高21.35米，可以用十个字来概括其建筑特点：“四柱、三层、飞檐、盔顶、纯木”!大家可看清楚了?咱这岳阳楼可是未用一砖一瓦，一颗铁钉的!在建筑上是不是一个奇迹啊?说到这，小X就想和大家说一故事：相传在建楼时，人们怎么也无法把楼层很好地建成，这时来了一七旬老者，手拿一尺，对大伙说，让我试试看吧?大家别无它法，只好让老者试试，不曾想老者三两下就把大家一直解决不了的问题给轻松地解决了!大家正想酬谢，却只见地上一把尺，不见老者的踪影，拾起尺子一看，居然写着“鲁班尺”，所以在我们岳阳一带有“鲁班助楼”的传说!再看看这“飞檐”可是咱老祖宗聪明才智的体现!其便于采光，减少笨拙感，同时节约了用料!大家看看这屋顶像不像古代将军的头盔?对了，这就是“盔顶”，这种建筑方式并不多见，据说是现在仅存的啦!威武雄壮的“盔顶”，配以飞檐，曲线流畅，给人势欲凌空之感!再看“盔顶”下的如意斗拱，它形似蜂窝，层叠相衬，饰以龙头、凤头、云头纹饰，既承托盔顶重力，又使整个建筑更精美、庄重、和谐。屋面的宝顶、脊饰、翘首等构件都是清代中叶遗留下来的陶制精品。因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有惊人的成就!因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。

大家不禁要问，既然是天下名楼，为什么只建了三层呢?有朋友说，在古代三层就为高楼了，话是如此，但更重要的是封建迷信，据说当时修建者是为取天时、地利、人和之意!

古代建筑都与风水学有着说不清，道不明的关系。大家看看这四根通天金柱。这四根楠木大柱自楼底直贯楼顶，代表的就是一年四季，作为内圈的12根大柱就象征着一年的12个月。大家再数数看，在这周围有多少柱子啊?这位朋友数的可真快，一下子就数出来是20根了，这20根柱子有什么含义吗?大家想想，可以参照小X刚刚的讲法!

大家来看看这幅雕屏，哇!是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏的哦!其由12块紫檀木组成，黑底绿字!当年滕公子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后，喜出望外，请大书法家苏子美书写，著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是，楼、记、书法、雕刻合称“四绝”。可惜雕刻毁于宋神宗年间大火中。我们无缘得见啦!现在的雕屏是由清干隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。干隆称其为“王羲之之后的第一人”，其字字型方正、笔力雄浑、技法多变、独具匠心，为传世精品!但请大家张大眼睛瞧仔细了，待会到二楼，我们还将看到另一副雕屏，其中一真一假，哪副才是咱们张大人的真迹了?请大家自个瞧仔细呢!

大家可记下了这幅雕屏?好了，我们一起去二楼看看另一幅吧!

各位朋友，请看这中堂的雕屏，与一楼的有什么不同吗?仔细瞧瞧!对了，一楼是黑底绿字，而这幅是金字!为什么在同一栋楼里会同时存有两块一样的雕屏呢?就让小X给大家讲一个真实的故事：清道光年间，岳阳来了个姓吴的知县，他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手，花了十七个月时间精心临摹，秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后，吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机，偷梁换柱，携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹，在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久，风雨大作，船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段，雕屏也随波逐流，因是紫檀木制成，全部沈入了水中。后来，湖水干浅，《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时，不慎损坏了三个字，当地一文士吴敏树花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹才补上。各位现在可以看到，这雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹，所以我们现在看见的这幅才是张大人的真迹!至于一楼那副，虽是赝品，其也有100多年的历史了，也是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假，正像一张功罪表，昭示着后代子孙!

大家请随小X一起登楼，同看那范公笔下的“巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯;朝晖夕阴，气象万千”的洞庭湖。呵呵!我们的这位朋友好聪明哦!知道小张接下来要给大家讲岳阳楼为三大名楼之冠的第三个原因了，那就是风景独特。岳阳楼的胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。有诗云：“楼前十分风景好，一分山色九分湖”，就是对岳阳楼地理形胜的绝妙赞美，岳阳楼是得水而壮，得山而妍，形胜江南!世人只知范公的《岳阳楼记》，不知滕公子京也为骚客，其有词，云：“湖水连天，天连水，秋来分澄清。君山自是小蓬瀛，气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。帝子有灵能鼓瑟，凄然依旧伤情。微闻兰芷动芳馨，曲终人不见，江上数峰青。”短短59个字写景抒情，却很有气势!

“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一字，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。”这是幅木刻雕屏是毛主席手书的杜甫的《登岳阳楼》，其书法笔意奔放，布局严谨，雄健挺拔，形神兼备，笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。在雕屏两侧的楹联“水天一色，风月无边。” 落款为“长庚李白”，也就是我们的诗仙李白了，一楼同存诗仙、诗圣和和主席的真迹实在是不简单啊!由此可以看出咱岳阳楼的深厚文化!这就是小张要说的第四点了，岳阳楼文化的深厚!古往今来，多少文人骚客在此留下了足、笔，而真正使岳阳楼闻名天下的是北宋范仲淹作的《岳阳楼记》，这篇文章全文虽只寥寥368字，但其内容之博大，哲理之精深，气势之磅礴，语言之铿锵，真可谓匠心独道，字字珠玑，千秋之绝唱也!而"先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐"则成为传世名句，成为中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的沉淀!

请大家放下心中杂念，凭轩远眺，看着那浩淼的八百里洞庭，是否会与范公产生共鸣?当年范公未曾登临这“天下楼”，却作了不朽的《岳阳楼记》;今日你我同登这千古名楼，可有一种超脱世俗之感?

时间不早了，我们的游览马上就要结束了!转过身，让我们再摸摸四根楠木大柱，您想到了什么?四根金柱为我中华民族撑起了“先忧后乐”、百折不挠的民族脊梁千年!

“天下楼”的登临就要结束了，大家还有什么问题吗?噢!对了，小X还没告诉大家那20根柱子的含义。聪明的朋友可能已经知道答案了，对了，就是20加4，24，中国的24节气，您可猜出?现在行程结束请大家跟小X一起上车返程休息!

现在耸立在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。楼顶悬挂的“岳阳楼”三字横匾，是1961年毛泽东主席提议，请离沫若先生题写的。岳阳楼高21.35米，为四柱，三层，飞檐，盔顶，纯木结构。中间的本根楠木大柱从地到顶承载大部分重力，再用12根“金柱”作为内围，支撑二楼，外围绕以20根檐柱，彼此牵制成为整体，飞檐与屋顶用伞形架传载荷重。三楼用如意斗拱层叠相衬，拱托楼顶。全楼没用一块砖石，全都用木料构成门缝对榫，结构严整，工艺精巧，造型庄重。飞檐和楼顶，都是盖的黄色琉璃筒瓦。各层檐面都有四条脊，第一层脊上饰以荷花、莲蓬，翘首为凤凰;第二层为昂首的龙头;第三层饰以卷草，翘首为回纹形如意祥云。整个楼阁重檐鳌突，藻井锁窗，雕梁画栋，丹柱彩楹，金碧辉煌，庄严壮丽。特别是三楼楼顶，很像古代将军的头盔，被称为盔顶，这在这国古代建筑中是相当罕见的。整个岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学、工艺学方面都有惊人的成就，因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。

大家不禁要问，既然是天下名楼，为什么只建了三层呢?据说当时修建者是取天时、地利、人和之意。岳阳楼的前身是三国东吴大将鲁肃的阅军楼。在一千七百多年前的东汉建安二十年，东吴的孙权为了和刘务争夺荆州，派鲁肃率领万名将士，驻守战略要地巴丘，也就是今天的岳阳。鲁肃在洞庭湖操练水军，并在城西依山傍水的地方，修筑坚固的城池，建造了指挥和检阅水军的阅军楼，这就是岳阳楼的前身。唐朝时阅军楼扩建，它基本原有了建筑艺术和历史风貌。好，现在请大家随我进岳楼内参观。

各位游客，这里首先映入我们眼帘的便是在神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，它由12块紫檀木组成。前面我们说到，岳阳楼这一名称是在唐朝时才启用的。这时期，李白、杜甫、刘禹锡、李商隐等才华横溢的风流名士，或是落拓不羁的迁客骚人相继接踵而来。他们登楼远眺，泛舟洞庭，奋笔书怀。

但是，岳阳楼真正名扬天下，还是在北宋滕子京重修，范仲淹做《岳阳楼记》以后。庆历四年，遭人诬告的滕子京被贬为岳州知府，他上任后便筹办三件大事：一是在岳阳楼湖下修筑偃虹堤，以便防御洞庭湖的波涛;二是兴办郡学，造就人才;三是重修岳阳楼。重修后的岳阳楼规模宏大壮观。滕子京是个文武兼备的人，他认为“楼观非不文字称记者不为久”。这样一座楼阁，必需要有一篇名记记述，才能流芳千古。于是，他想到与自己同中进士的好友范仲淹。便写了一封《求记书》，介绍岳阳楼修葺后的结构和气势，倾吐了请求范仲淹作记的迫切心情，并请人画了一幅《洞庭秋晚图》，抄录了历代名士吟咏岳阳楼的诗词歌赋，派人日夜兼程，送往范仲淹当时被贬的住河南邓州。范仲淹是北宋著名政治家、文学家、军事家，他和滕子京一样，因为主张革新政治，受到排斥和攻击，被贬到邓州。他接到滕子京的信件后，反复阅读，精心构思，终于写出了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》。这篇文章全文虽然仅有368个字，但是内容博大，哲理精深，气势磅礴，语言铿锵，其中“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”成为传世名句。其实，《岳阳楼记》之所以能历代传颂，主要是由于它把一个重大的思想命题，极其巧妙而生动简洁地融入对优美景物的描写之中。它启迪人们：“不以物喜，不以已悲”，昭示了“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这一崇高的人生哲理。作者那高尚的情操和宽阔的胸怀，不能不令人扼腕浩叹。先忧后乐，掷地有声，它激励着一代又一代的人想人生，思荣辱，知使命。作为一种中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的积淀，《岳阳楼记》以其至高至上的思想内容和艺术魅力，流传千古而不朽，滋养着人们的心灵。从那以后，岳阳楼的名声大震，传扬中外，这就是人们所说的“文以楼存，楼以文名”。据说滕子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后，喜出望外，当即就请大书法家苏舜钦书写，并请著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是，楼、记、书法、雕刻全称“四绝”。可惜我们现在看到的并不是“四绝匾”。它早宋神宗年间便已经毁于大火之中。我们所见到的这幅雕屏是清代乾隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。

现在，让我们再注意一下一楼厅内的四根楠木大柱。这四根大柱自楼底直贯楼顶，支撑着整座楼的全部重量，再以12根柱代内圈，支撑二楼，周围绕以20根木柱，彼此牵制闩缝对榫，结为整体。整个岳阳楼为纯木结构，找不到一颗铁钉。各位还可以看到，在楼的四壁，悬挂着许多木刻匾对，这些都是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。挂在楼堂正中的这副楹联，是清代大书法家何绍基写的，是岳阳楼最长的一副。这副对联是：

一楼何奇?杜少陵五言绝唱，范希文两字关情，滕子京百废俱兴，吕纯阳三过必醉。诗耶?儒耶?吏耶?仙耶?前不古人，使我怆然涕下。

请君试看：洞庭湖南极潇汀，扬子江北通巫峡，巴陵山西来爽气，岳州城东道岩疆。潴者，流者，峙者，镇者。此中有真意，问谁领会得来。

上联以“一楼何奇”起首，列兴了诗圣、名儒、贤吏、酒仙在岳阳楼所留下的诗文政绩和传统，抒发了作者吊古伤今的感慨;下联介绍了巴陵的名山、大川、雄关、险邑。如果您记下了这了这副对联，那么您对岳阳楼便有了大致的了解。

(在岳阳楼二楼)

一来到二楼，大家马上就发现在二楼也悬挂了一副《岳阳楼记》雕屏。这是为什么呢?这里面淬着一个真实的故事。清道光年间，岳阳来了个姓吴的知县，他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手，花了十七个月时间精心临摹，秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后，吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机，偷梁换柱，携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹，在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久，风雨大作，船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段，雕屏也随波逐流，因是紫檀木制成，全部沉入了水中。后来，湖水干浅，《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时，不慎将第八块屏上的“歌互”二字和第十块上的“乐”字损坏。当地文士吴敏树闻讯后，用120纹银从渔民手中将雕屏买回，花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹，才补上被损坏的三个字。各位现在可以看到，雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹。又过将近120xx年，岳阳楼再度整修时，地方官员用120块大洋从吴氏后代后中将屏赎回，挂在岳阳楼二楼，这才“完壁归赵”。至于一楼那副，虽是赝品，也有120xx年历史了，当然是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假，正像一张功罪表，昭示后代子孙，值得我们深思。

(上三楼)

现在我们登上了岳阳楼的三楼，楼堂正中悬挂着毛泽东主席手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》诗的木刻雕屏，杜诗为：“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一定，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。”其书法笔意奔放，布局严谨，雄健挺拔，形神兼备，笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。这是1964年秋天，毛主席从长沙乘火车返回北京途经岳阳时，在列车上即兴而书的。在雕屏两侧，挂有岳阳楼最短的一副对联，仅仅八个字。上联为“水天一色”，下联是“风月无边”。落款为“长庚李白”。当我们站在三娄凭窗远眺时，看到的洞庭湖水天相接，浑然一色;清风朗月，无边无际，山色湖光荟萃于楼时，得到的感觉正是“水天一色，风月无边”吗?最后，请各位再抬头看楼顶。楼顶彩富有民族地方特色的如意斗拱层叠相衬，荷重承力，拱托楼顶，用伞形架传载负荷，和盔顶结构一样，这在我们现存的古建筑中也是罕见的。

为了深化名楼内涵，丰富景区内容，岳阳楼正在加快景区建设，并已作出规划。岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里，欢迎下次再到岳阳来。祝各位旅途愉快，一路顺风!

岳阳楼坐西朝东，构造古朴独特，

岳阳楼的各种图片(22张)

岳阳楼台基以花岗岩围砌而成，台基宽度17.24米，进14.54米，高度为0.65米。岳阳楼高度19米，在建筑风格上，前人将其归纳为木制、三层、四柱、飞檐、斗拱、盔顶。岳阳楼是纯本结构，整座建筑没用一钉一铆，仅靠木制构件的彼此勾连。

“四柱”指的是岳阳楼的基本构架，首先承重的主柱是四根楠木，被称为“通天柱”从一楼直抵三楼。除四根通天柱外，其余的柱子都是四的倍数。其中廊柱有12根;檐柱是32根。这些木柱彼此牵制，结为整体，既增加了楼的美感，又使整个建筑更加坚固。

斗拱是中国建筑中特有的结构，由于古代中国建筑中房檐挑出很长，斗拱的基本功能就是对挑出的屋檐进行承托。这种方木块叫做“斗”，托着斗的木条叫做“拱”，二者合称斗拱。岳阳楼的斗拱结构复杂，工艺精美，几非人力所能为，当地人传说是鲁班亲手制造的。斗拱承托的就是岳阳楼的飞檐，岳阳楼三层建筑均有飞檐。

岳阳楼的楼顶为层叠相衬的“如意斗拱”托举而成的盔顶式，这种拱而复翘的古代将军头盔式的顶式结构在古代中国建筑史上是独一无二的。这顶就是岳阳楼最突出的特点——盔顶结构。据考证，岳阳楼是中国仅存的盔顶结构的古建筑。

岳阳楼采用纯木结构，其造型因露明的木梁柱、构件、装修具有线条优美的表现力，显示出中国古建筑的独特的民族风格。

各位游客： 大家好，欢迎到江南三大名楼之一的岳阳楼参观游览。岳阳楼是国家重点文物保护单位，首批国家4A级旅游区。岳阳楼的景观特色可以概括为四个方面：

一是历史悠久。 岳阳楼的前身为鲁肃修建的阅军楼，始建于东汉建安十九年(即公元 214 年),距今已有 1700 多年历史，在江南三大名楼中岳阳楼的历史最为悠久。西晋南北朝时称“巴陵城楼” ，初唐时称为“南楼”，中唐李白赋诗之后，始称“岳阳楼” 。现在我们所看到的呢，是清朝光绪年间的岳阳楼。 二是风景独特。岳阳楼胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。正如范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》所描写的“巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖，衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千。”(值得一提的是20xx年端午节岳阳市民按岳阳楼真实景观的5:1的比例缩制，用5.5万个粽子在南湖广场搭成了岳阳楼模型，并成功入选了吉尼斯世界纪录。可谓轰动一时。)

三是他的文化深厚。《岳阳楼诗文集》收录了千余篇名篇佳作及大量的楹联匾屏和书画碑刻，大多数都贯穿着中华民族的“忧患意识”。比如杜甫的《登岳阳楼》，其忧国忧民之情，溢于言表。范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》更是将这个优秀的传统发挥到了巅峰。“不以物喜，不以己悲”的处世哲理，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的忧患意识，融汇的精神使当时苏东坡发出了“虽圣人复起不易斯言”的感慨。

四、是岳阳楼的文物珍贵。江南三大名楼中，唯有岳阳楼是保持原址、原貌，具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物。现在大家所见到的岳阳楼为纯木结构，1983 年按“整旧如旧”的原则落架大修而成。全楼没用一块砖石，没有一颗铁钉，全部用木料构成，门缝对榫(sun)，工艺十分精巧。

好，朋友们，现在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。横匾上 “岳阳楼”三字是由郭沫若先生题写的，现已编入《中国名匾》一书。大家请看，整个大楼由四根楠木大柱支撑，自楼底直贯楼顶，再以十二根金柱为内圈，支撑二楼，周围则绕以 20 根木柱，彼此牵制，门缝对隼，连结为整体。岳阳楼三层三檐，盔顶式木结构，盖黄色琉璃瓦。盔顶是岳阳楼建筑的突出特色，大家请看它形似古代将军的头盔据说盔顶得设计也是为了纪念岳阳楼的创建者鲁肃将军，我们从这里望去它威武雄壮，配以飞檐，曲线流畅，给人势欲凌空之感。大家再看盔顶下的如意斗拱，它形似蜂窝，层叠相衬，饰以龙头、凤头，云头文饰，既承托盔顶重力，又使整个建筑更精美、庄重、和谐。因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有着惊人的成就。(值得一提的是我们现在所处的位置是20xx年北京奥运圣火在岳阳站也是湖南省传递的首站，由著名科学家——“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平先生执棒。)

进入主楼，首先映入眼帘的是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏，岳阳楼开始真正名扬天下是在北宋藤子京重修岳阳楼，范仲淹做《岳阳楼记》 以后。自此岳阳楼的名声大震，传扬中外，这就是人们所说的“文以楼存，楼以文名”。我们所见到的这幅雕屏由 12 块紫檀木组成。是清代乾隆年间张照书写的。张照是何许人也，等我们上了二楼再为大家揭晓。这篇文章全文虽然仅 368 个字，但是内容博大、哲理精深，而“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”则更成为传世名句。大家都知道《岳阳楼记》雕屏属于国家级文物，不可能拿来交易，但也

有人对其进行了市场估价，说它价值3000万元，姑且不论它合理否由此我们也可以窥见整个岳阳楼价值之高，所以大家一定要珍惜见识国宝的机会深刻认识它的价值呀!现在我们往四周看，在楼的四壁，悬挂着许多木刻匾对，这些都是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。 挂在楼堂正中的这副楹联，是清代大书法家何绍基写的，也是岳阳楼最长的一副。

我们现在登上的是岳阳楼的顶层三楼，我们先来看下雕屏两侧挂有岳阳楼最短的一副对联，仅仅八个字。上联为“水天一色”，下联是“风月无边”。落款为“长庚李白”。我们都知道李白一生作诗无数，但是对联就只有这一幅。站在这儿凭窗远眺，得到的感觉不正是 “水天一色，风月无边”吗?中间就是毛泽东手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》的条屏，你看它布局严谨，笔意奔放，铁画银钩，雄健挺拔，深得唐代怀素狂草遗风，且又自成一格。这是一件难得的艺术珍品，悬挂于此，使得岳阳楼更是锦上添花。岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里了，欢迎大家下次再到岳阳来。谢谢大家!

桃花源

各位游客，大家好，欢迎来桃花源旅游观光! 因为东晋诗人陶渊明先生的《桃花源记》使桃花源名扬天下。千百年来，桃花源以其幽静秀美的独特风貌，吸引了无数慕名而来的游客。

现在登上的这座桥，叫“穷林桥”，以《桃花源记》“欲穷其林”而命名。传说当年武陵渔郎沿溪而行，置身于一片桃花林中十分惊讶。

眼前这座精美的建筑物就是菊圃，建于明万历年间，原为渊明祠，因陶渊明爱菊，于是改名菊圃。门口有副对联：“却怪武陵渔，自洞口归来，把今古游人忙煞;欲寻彭泽令，问田园安在，惟桃花流水依然。”是说当年武陵渔人，从世外桃源出来以后，把人间仙境透露出去，引来了古往今来的游人想找陶渊明先生问良田美景究竟在哪里，只有桃花流水千古不变。

走进菊圃大门，正中是一块石刻，后面是《饮酒》诗，“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”。这栋古朴典雅的建筑就是渊明祠。正门廊柱上，挂着一副概括了陶公秉性的楹联：“心爱菊，睥睨荣华，难为斗米折腰，辞去彭泽县令;性嗜酒，不汲富贵，甘愿南山种豆，归来五柳先生。”这幅对联写出了陶渊明心爱菊花，厌恶荣华，不愿为五斗米折腰，辞去彭泽县令;他特别喜欢喝酒，从不追求富贵，心甘情愿归隐田园，种豆南山，好个五柳先生啊!渊明祠正中，供有汉白玉雕刻的渊明像，右边是他自传体铭文《五柳先生传》。这30多幅画，以历代名家所写陶渊明为依据，介绍陶渊明这个伟大诗人61个春秋的人生旅途，他五次出仕为官，五次归隐田园，不为五斗米折腰，41岁辞去彭泽县令后，乐道清贫，安居田园，终老一生。

这里是方竹亭，原名“桃川八方亭”，建于明万历二十三年(公元1595年)，为八方三门四窗砖石结构。亭子旁边的方竹为桃花源珍品之一，亭子也因此而得名。1995年，游览到这里，抚摸方竹后，连声说：“还真是方的呢!”

踏着古朴的石板小径，我们来到了“秦人古洞”。现在尽收眼底的这些房屋，古香古色，都是村民的住宅，他们世世代代在这块乐土上，繁衍生息。有趣的是，这里许多人家都姓秦，大概是为“避秦时乱”，就以朝代为姓吧。他们非常好客，“每逢客至，必设酒杀鸡作食”，并“咸来问讯”。

沿齐整而古朴的石级下行，首先到达秦人居。秦人居为秦代建筑样式，古窗幽壁，雕梁画栋，飞檐斗角，室内陈设极富先秦风味，室外田园桑竹，古意苍茫。

走出秦人居，便是竹廊。竹廊全用竹子精工做成，廊亭相连，结构精巧，造型奇特。远观蛇行龙腾，气势非凡。

不知不觉，来到公议堂，这公议堂为回廊穿斗式木构古典建筑，传为秦人所建，内有院坪、戏台和鱼池。公议堂是秦人议事之处，凡祭祀、婚丧、营造等大事，均在此处理。

好了，我的讲解就到这里了，如有不足之处请多提宝贵意见!

各位游客大家好，花园到江南三大名楼之一的岳阳楼参观旅游，岳阳楼是国家重点文物保护单位，首批国家4A级旅游区，岳阳楼的经过特色可以概况为四个方面，意识历史悠久。岳阳楼前身为鲁肃修建的阅军楼，时间与220xx年，795年是被称为岳阳楼，在江南三大名楼中，岳阳楼历史最悠久。而是风景独特，岳阳楼胜景由江湖山城构成，衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕映，气象万千。三呢，他文化身后，岳阳楼诗文集收录了千余篇名篇佳作及大量的楹扁匾额和书画碑刻，大多数都灌注着中华民族的忧患意识，比如杜甫《登岳阳楼》，其忧国忧民之心溢于言表，范仲淹的岳阳楼记更是将这一传统发展到巅峰。“不以物喜，不以己悲”的处事这里“先天下，后天下”的忧患意识，让苏东坡发出了“圣人复起，不易斯言”的感叹。

四十岳阳楼的文物珍贵，江南三大名楼中唯有岳阳楼是保持原址原貌，具有历史艺术科学价值的科学文物。现在大家所见的岳阳楼为纯木结构，1983按拯救补救原则大修而成，全楼没有一块砖石，没有一颗铁钉，全用木料组成，门缝相对，工艺精湛。 好，朋友们，现在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。横匾上岳阳楼三个字是郭沫若先生所提写的，现已编入中国名匾艺术，搭建请看整个大楼有四根大柱支撑，自娄底贯穿楼顶。再以12跟金柱为内圈与支撑二楼，周围则绕以20根母猪，碧池牵制，门缝对孙，连接为主体，岳阳楼三掩，HUI顶式木结构，黄色琉璃瓦，灰顶是岳阳楼建筑的主要特色，大家请看，他形似古代将军的头盔，威武雄壮，配飞檐，曲线流畅，非人哟中凌空之感，大家再看会式顶下的如意倒拱，它形似波峰，层叠相衬，在饰以龙头凤头云头，既承托了灰顶的重量，又使整个建筑更为精美，庄重和谐，因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学，历史学，建筑学和工艺学方面都有着惊人的成就。 进入主楼，首先引入眼帘的是大家神驰已久的岳阳楼记的雕屏，这不雕贫是由12块紫檀木组成。岳阳楼开始真正的闻名天下是在北宋滕子京重修岳阳楼侯，请范仲淹做出岳阳楼记之后，庆历4年，滕子京本日贬为岳州支付，他上任后变重修岳阳楼，请好友范仲淹写下了名篇 岳阳楼记，这篇文章全文随他只有368字，但是内容博大，哲理精深，其实磅礴，语言铿锵，使之成为千古绝唱。

而先··后···成为中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的积淀。《岳阳楼记》以其至高至上的思想内容和艺术魅力流传与后世而不朽，滋养着人的心灵。

一楼所悬挂的是估计名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹扁，我们现在登上的是岳阳楼的顶层三楼，站在这，凭窗远眺，可以领略到衔远山，吞长江的气势，观赏到“朝晖西影，气象万千”的湖光山色，大家可以看到，洞庭湖水天相接，混成一色，清风朗月，无边无际，得到的感受不就是水天一色，风月天边嘛?中间这是毛泽东手书杜甫《等岳阳楼记》的条屏，你看他布局严谨，鼻翼开放，铁画银钩，熊健有力，深的华塑狂草遗风，且又自称一格，这是一件多么难得的艺术珍品。悬挂于此，是的岳阳楼更是锦上添花。 岳阳楼的介绍我就给大家讲解到这了，欢迎大家下次在到岳阳楼来，谢谢大家。

Dear tourists

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings inJiangnan.

Now standing in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characterhorizontal plaque of "Yueyang Tower" hanging on the top of the building wasproposed by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1961 and asked to be inscribed by Mr. LiMoruo. Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns, three floors,cornice, helmet top and pure wood structure. In the middle, the big nanmu columncarries most of the gravity from the ground to the top, and then 12 "goldcolumns" are used as the inner wall to support the second floor. Around theperiphery, 20 eaves columns are used to restrain each other and form a whole.The cornices and the roof use umbrella shaped frame to transfer the load. Thethird floor is lined with Ruyi Dou arches, which support the roof. There is nota single brick in the whole building. All of them are made of wood. The doorjoints and tenons are made of strict structure, exquisite workmanship and solemnmodeling. Eaves and roof, are covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are fourridges on the eaves of each layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus andlotus pods, and the head up is Phoenix; the second one is the head up tap; thethird one is decorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen RuyiXiangyun. The whole pavilion has double eaves, locked windows, carved beams andpainted buildings, red pillars and colorful couplets, which are resplendent andmagnificent. In particular, the top of the third floor is very similar to thehelmet of an ancient general, which is called the helmet top, which is quiterare in the ancient architecture of this country. The whole Yueyang Tower hasmade amazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology,so it has been known as "Yueyang World Tower" since ancient times.

You cant help but ask, since its a famous building in the world, why onlythree floors were built? Its said that the builders at that time chose thetime, the location and the harmony of people. The predecessor of Yueyang Toweris Yuejun tower of Lu Su, a general of the Three Kingdoms. More than 1700 yearsago, in the 20th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to competewith Liu Wu for Jingzhou, Sun Quan of the eastern Wu Dynasty sent Lu Su to leadten thousand soldiers to garrison the strategic area of Bachu, which is todayYueyang. Lu Su practiced the water army in Dongting Lake, built a strong city inthe west of the city near the mountains and rivers, and built the Yuejun towerto command and inspect the water army, which is the predecessor of YueyangTower. During the Tang Dynasty, Yuejun building was expanded, which basicallyhad the original architectural art and historical style. Now, please follow meinto yuelou.

Dear tourists, the first thing that catches our eyes here is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. As wesaid earlier, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty.During this period, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talentedcelebrities, or uninhibited emigrants came one after another. They went up tothe building to look into the distance, went boating in Dongting, and workedhard to write.

However, Yueyang Tower was really famous in the world after Teng Zijingrebuilt it in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. Inthe fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing, who was falsely accused, wasdemoted to be the magistrate of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organizedthree major events: first, he built Yanhong dike under Yueyang Tower Lake toprevent the waves of Dongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivatetalents; third, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower. The rebuilt Yueyang Tower ismagnificent in scale. Teng Zijing is a man of both culture and martial arts. Hethinks that "Louguan is not a reporter for a long time without words.". Such apavilion, you must have a title record, in order to be immortal. So he thoughtof Fan Zhongyan, a good friend of his own. Then he wrote a Book of Qiuji, whichintroduced the structure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after repair, poured outhis eagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record, and asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which transcribed the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by celebrities of all dynasties, and sent them toDengzhou, Henan Province, where Fan Zhongyan was demoted at that time. FanZhongyan is a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Teng Zijing, he was rejected and attacked for advocatinginnovation politics and was demoted to Dengzhou. After receiving Teng Zijingsletter, he read it again and again, conceived it carefully, and finally wrotethe famous story of Yueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article isonly 368 words, it is broad in content, profound in philosophy, majestic inmomentum, and sonorous in language. Among them, "first worry about the world,then enjoy the world" has become a famous sentence handed down from generationto generation. As a matter of fact, the reason why Yueyang Tower can be praisedin the past dynasties is that it skillfully and vividly integrates a majorideological proposition into the description of beautiful scenery. It enlightenspeople: "dont be happy with things, dont be sad", and shows the loftyphilosophy of life that "worry about the world first, and enjoy the worldlater". The authors noble sentiment and broad mind can not help but make peoplesigh. It inspires people from generation to generation to think about life,honor and disgrace, and know their mission. As an accumulation of the noblepersonality culture of the excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation, thestory of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm,has been handed down for thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peopleshearts. Since then, Yueyang Towers fame has been greatly publicized both athome and abroad. This is what people call "the text is preserved by thebuilding, and the building is named by the text". It is said that Teng Zijingwas overjoyed when he received Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower. He immediatelyasked Su Shunqin, a great calligrapher, to write it and Shao song, a famoussculptor, to carve it on a wooden plaque. As a result, Lou, Ji, calligraphy andsculpture are all called "four wonders". Unfortunately, what we see now is notthe "four unique plaque". It was destroyed in the fire in the Shenzong period ofthe Song Dynasty. The carving screen we see is written by Zhang Zhao, a famouscalligrapher and Minister of punishment in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.

Now, lets pay attention to the four big nanmu pillars in the first floor.The four columns run from the bottom of the building to the top of the building,supporting the whole weight of the building. Then, 12 columns replace the innerring to support the second floor. Around 20 wooden columns, they restrain eachothers bolt joints and tenons, forming a whole. The whole Yueyang Tower is ofpure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. You can also see that on thefour walls of the building, there are many pairs of wooden plaques, which arecouplets of Yueyang Tower chanted by ancient and modern masters. The couplethanging in the middle of the hall was written by he Shaoji, a great calligrapherin the Qing Dynasty. It is the longest couplet in Yueyang Tower. This coupletis:

On the first floor, whats strange? Du Shaolings five charactermasterpiece, fan Xiwens two words about love, Teng Zijings all kinds of waste,and LV Chunyangs three times will make him drunk. Shiye? Ruye? Liye? Xianye? Noancients before, which makes me sad.

Please have a look: Dongting, jixiaoting, Hunan, the Yangtze River to thenorth of wuxia, baling to the west of laishuangqi, Yuezhou to the east ofYanjiang. He who keeps _, who flows, who stands, is the town. There is a realmeaning in it. Who can understand it.

The first couplet starts with "whats strange on the first floor", whichlists the achievements and traditions of poets, famous Confucians, virtuousofficials and wine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authorsregret for the past and the present; the second couplet introduces the famousmountains, Dachuan, Xiongguan and dangerous towns of baling. If you write downthis couplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

(on the second floor of Yueyang Tower)

As soon as we came to the second floor, we immediately found that a carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower was also hung on the second floor. Why? There is a realstory in it. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, a magistratesurnamed Wu came to Yueyang. As soon as he took office, he took a fancy to thescreen carving of Yueyang Tower. He bribed a folk art sculptor with a large sumof money. He spent 17 months carefully copying and secretly copying the screencarving. Two years later, taking advantage of the opportunity of beingtransferred from Yueyang Tower, Wuzhi county took advantage of the opportunityto steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy night with thecarved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. I didnt expect that soon after theboat was sailing, the wind and rain were so strong that the boat was overturnedin the jiumazui section of Dongting Lake. The carved screen also drifted withthe waves. Because it was made of red sandalwood, it all sank into the water.Later, the lake was dry and shallow, and the original carving screen of YueyangTower was salvaged by local fishermen. During salvage, the word "Gehu" on theeighth screen and the word "Le" on the tenth screen were damaged. After hearingthe news, Wu Minshu, a local scholar, bought back the carved screen from thefishermen with 120 grain silver. It took three years to copy Zhang Zhaoshandwriting before he added the damaged three words. As you can see, there areobvious mending marks on the carving screen. Nearly 120__ later, when theYueyang Tower was renovated again, local officials used 120 pieces of ocean toredeem the screen from the descendants of the Wu family and hang it on thesecond floor of the Yueyang Tower. As for the one on the first floor, althoughit is a fake, it has a history of 120__ years. Of course, it is a culturalrelic. Two sets of carved screens, one true and one false, are just like a listof merits and demerits, revealing to future generations, which is worthpondering.

(upper third floor)

Now we are on the third floor of Yueyang Tower. In the middle of the hall,there is a woodcut screen of Chairman Mao Zedongs poem "climbing Yueyang Tower"written by Du Fu. Dus poem reads: "once I heard the Dongting water, now I amgoing to Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth floatday and night. There is no certainty between relatives and friends. The armypasses the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow His calligraphystyle is bold and unrestrained, rigorous layout, vigorous and straight, and hasboth form and spirit. His brush strokes are similar to those of wild grass ofhuaisu in Tang Dynasty. This is an impromptu book written by Chairman Mao on thetrain in the autumn of 1964 when he returned to Beijing by train from Changshaand passed by Yueyang. On both sides of the screen, there is the shortestcouplet of Yueyang Tower, only eight characters. The first couplet is "the samecolor of water and sky", and the second couplet is "boundless wind and moon".Signed as "Chang Geng Li Bai". When we stand on the third floor and look outfrom the window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are in thesame color. When the wind is clear and the moon is boundless, and the mountainsand lakes gather in the building, can we get the feeling that "the water and thesky are in the same color, and the wind and the moon are boundless"? Finally,please look up at the roof again. The color of the roof is rich in national andlocal characteristics. The Ruyi Dougong is stacked against each other. It bearsthe load. The arch supports the roof and uses the umbrella frame to carry theload. Like the helmet top structure, it is also rare in our existing ancientbuildings.

In order to deepen the connotation of the famous building and enrich thecontent of the scenic spot, Yueyang Tower is speeding up the construction of thescenic spot and has made plans. Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Towerto you. Welcome to Yueyang next time. I wish you a pleasant journey and apleasant journey!

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famousbuildings in Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower is one of the national key cultural relicsprotection units and the first batch of 4A grade tourist areas. The landscapefeatures of Yueyang Tower can be summarized in four aspects. First, it has along history. Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, wasbuilt in the 19th year of Jianan (220__ AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, andbecame Yueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan (759 AD) of emperor suzong ofTang Dynasty. Among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver, Yueyang Tower has the longest history. Second, it has unique scenery. Thescenery of Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake, mountain and city. "Balingis like a victory, holding Yuanshan in a lake in Dongting, swallowing theYangtze River. Its boundless, bright and gloomy, and has a magnificentatmosphere.". Third, it has a profound culture. Yueyang Towers poetrycollection contains more than a thousand masterpieces, as well as a large numberof couplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions. Most of them are permeatedwith the sense of hardship of famous Chinese people. For example, Du Fus"climbing Yueyang Tower" expresses his concern for the country and the people,and Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" brings this excellent tradition into fullplay. Su Dongpos philosophy of not being happy with things and not being sadfor himself, his sense of anxiety and happiness after the worlds worries, andhis spirit of integration made Su Dongpo express his emotion that "although itis not easy for sages to rise again"; Fourth, cultural relics are precious.Among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only YueyangTower is a state-level historical relic with historical, artistic and scientificvalue. Now we can see that Yueyang Tower is a pure wood structure, which wasoverhauled in 1983 according to the principle of "keeping the old as it is". Thewhole building is made of wood without a brick or a nail. The door seam ismortise and tenon, and the technology is very skillful. Well, friends, now infront of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters "Yueyang Tower" on thehorizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo and have been included in thebook "Chinese famous plaque". You see, the whole building is supported by fourbig nanmu columns, which run from the bottom of the building to the top of thebuilding, and then the second floor is supported by 12 gold columns as the innerring, surrounded by 20 wooden columns, which are connected as a whole byrestraining the door joints and tenons. Yueyang Tower has three floors and threeeaves, with a helmet top wooden structure and yellow glazed tiles. Helmet top isthe outstanding feature of Yueyang Tower. You see, it looks like the helmet ofan ancient general. Its powerful and majestic. Its equipped with cornices. Ithas smooth curves and gives people a sense of power. If you look at the RuyiDougong under the helmet top, it looks like a honeycomb. It is layered andmatched. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenix head and cloud head. It notonly supports the gravity of the helmet top, but also makes the whole buildingmore exquisite, solemn and harmonious. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has made amazingachievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology. When youenter the main building, the first thing you can see is the carved screen ofYueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Yueyang Towerreally became famous in the world. It was after Teng Zijing rebuilt YueyangTower in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. In thefourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted to the magistrate ofYuezhou. After he took office, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower and invited his friendFan Zhongyan Zhong Yan wrote down the famous article Yueyang Tower. Although thefull text of this article is only 368 words, it has broad content, profoundphilosophy, magnificent momentum and sonorous language, which has become thebest song for thousands of years. And "worry about the world first, and enjoythe world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation togeneration, and has become the accumulation of the noble personality culture ofthe excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower,with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm, has been handed downfor thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peoples hearts. The coupletsof Yueyang Tower sung by ancient and modern masters on the first floor. Standinghere on the third floor of the top floor of Yueyang Tower, we can enjoy themajestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains and swallowing the YangtzeRiver" and the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. You can see that thewater and sky of Dongting Lake are united, the wind is clear, the moon isboundless, the mountains are beautiful, and the lake is full of light. Dont youget the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, the wind and the moonare boundless"? In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower writtenby Du Fu in Mao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has strict layout,bold and unrestrained brushwork, strong and straight, which is deeply rooted inthe legacy of huaisus wild grass and has its own style This is really a rareart treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on the cake.Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Tower to you. Welcome to come hereagain. Thank you

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan.Today, I will introduce Yueyang Tower to you as a super tour guide. My name isLuo Ganquan. You can call me Luo Dao or Xiao Luo.

Yueyang Tower is located on the Bank of Dongting Lake with beautifulscenery and long history. Fan Cuyan of Song Dynasty once wrote Yueyang Tower topraise Yueyang Tower.

Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns and three floors. Itis a pure wood structure without a brick. There are four ridges on the eaves ofeach layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus pods, andthe head up is Phoenix; the second layer is the head up tap; the third layer isdecorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen Ruyi Xiangyun. The roofof Yueyang Tower, especially the helmet of ancient generals, is called helmettop. Because helmet top is very rare in ancient Chinese architecture, it is oneof the important factors that makes Yueyang Tower famous. The whole YueyangTower has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, architecture and technology,so it has enjoyed the reputation of "Yueyang World Tower" since ancienttimes.

In fact, Yueyang Tower is really famous in the world when fan Cuyan wroteYueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted tobe the magistrate of Yuezhou for being framed. As soon as he took office, he didthree major things: first, he built Yanhong dike to prevent the waves ofDongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivate talents; third, herebuilt Yueyang Tower. The scale of the rebuilt Yueyang Tower was verymagnificent, but Teng Zijing knew that it was not enough to rely on its grandeuralone. Teng Zijing immediately thought of Fan Zhongyan, who was the same as TengZijing. Fan Cuyan, like Teng Zijing, was demoted as the magistrate of Dengzhoubecause he was framed. Teng Ziren drew a picture of the autumn evening inDongting and wrote a letter of Qiuji to introduce the momentum and structure ofYueyang Tower. After reading it, Fan Zhongyan finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower, in which "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"has become a famous sentence of reincarnation, inspiring generations of futuregenerations to work hard.

All right, everybody can go into the building now. Ladies and gentlemen,the first thing you can see here is Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12pieces of red sandalwood. It is said that Teng Zijing was overjoyed when hereceived Yueyang Tower. He immediately asked Su Shunqin, the great calligrapherat that time, to write it and Shao song, the famous sculptor, to carve it on awooden plaque. As a result, "Lou, Ji, calligraphy, sculpture" is known as thefour unique. Its a pity that what we see now is not the "four unique plaque".It was destroyed in the fire as early as the reign of emperor Shenzong of theSong Dynasty. The Yueyang Tower here was written by Zhang Zhao, a greatcalligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in the Qianlong periodof the Qing Dynasty.

Thats all for me. Ill give you 15 minutes to take photos.

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildingsin Jiangnan.

Yueyang Tower is a national key cultural relic protection unit and one ofthe first batch of national 4A tourist areas. The landscape characteristics ofYueyang Tower can be summarized into four aspects. First, it has a long history.Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, was built in the19th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 220__) and was namedYueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan in the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 759). It hasthe longest history among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver.

Second, the scenery is unique. Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake,mountain and city. "Baling Sheng shape, a trace in the Dongting, the title ofthe distant mountains, swallow the Yangtze River, vast, boundless horizontal,morning and evening Yin, magnificent." The poet Du QinYong said: "the vast snowwaves with smoke, the sky and the West back painting, the building is verybeautiful scenery, a mountain nine lake." Yueyang Tower is a marvelous praisefor its geographical shape. It is strong with water, beautiful with mountainsand better than Jiangnan in shape. Third, it has a profound culture. YueyangTower poetry anthology contains more than a few famous works, a large number ofcouplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions, most of which are permeated withthe "sense of hardship" of the Chinese nation. _In Du Fus "climbing the YueyangTower", he said, "I heard the Dongting water in the past, but now Im going tothe Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth float dayand night. Family and friends have no word, old and sick have their own boat.The army passes the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow Hisconcern for the prison and the people is beyond expression. Fan Zhongyans"Yueyang Tower" is the development of this excellent tradition to the peak. Thephilosophy of "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with yourself", Atthat time, Su Dongpo expressed his emotion that "although it is not easy for asage to rise again", which Liu Shaoqi introduced as the criterion for thecultivation of Communist Party members, Hu Yaobang praised as thecrystallization of traditional Chinese virtues. It is indeed the most preciouscultural relics of Chinese spiritual civilization. Among the three famousbuildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only Yueyang Tower is a nationalcultural relic with historical, artistic and scientific value. The Yueyang Towernow seen is a pure wood structure. It was overhauled in 1983 according to theprinciple of "keeping the old as it is". It has four columns, three floors,cornices and helmet top. The whole building is made of wood without a brick or anail. The door joints are mortise and tenon. The workmanship is very exquisite.In history, Yueyang Tower has been destroyed and repaired for more than 50times. Friends, this couplet in front of the door, "Dongting Tianxia water,Yueyang Tianxia tower", is extracted from the five character quatrains of WeiYunzhen, a poet of the Ming Dynasty. The last two sentences of this poem are"who is the scholar in the world, drinking on the top of the building." Today,you are going to be the corporal of the day. Lets enjoy the profound YueyangTower culture and the magnificent mountains and rivers of Yueyang with Dongtingas the wine. Maybe you will be as drunk as Li Bai.

On the wall of Baling ancient city, the "Xiaoxiang archway in the SouthPole" and the "Wuxia archway in the north" were built in the Qing Dynasty. Thecouplets of chanting scenery in the two places are all written by famousartists. In the north of the ancient times, he Shaoji, a great calligrapher ofthe Qing Dynasty, wrote couplets, and Li duo, a famous calligrapher of thecontemporary era. In the south, Zhang Zhao, who wrote Yueyang Tower in the QingDynasty, and Liu Haisu, a contemporary master of calligraphy and painting, wrotethe couplet. From then on, we can see that Yueyang Tower was loved by literatiof all ages.

Now in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters of "YueyangTower" on the horizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo, and now it hasbeen compiled into the book named plaque of Zhongjun. Yueyang Tower is 2135mhigh, 1724m wide and 14.56m deep. Three story three eaves, helmet top type woodstructure, covered with yellow glazed tiles. The helmet top is a prominentfeature of Yueyang Tower. You can see that it looks like the helmet of anancient general. It is powerful and majestic. With cornices, it has smoothcurves and gives people a sense of power. Looking at the Ruyi Dougong under thehelmet top, it looks like a beehive. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenixhead and cloud head. It not only supports the gravity of the helmet top, butalso makes the whole building more exquisite, solemn and harmonious. The top ofthe roof, ridge ornaments, head up and other components are all ceramic productsleft over from the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has madeamazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology.

When you enter the main building, the first thing you see is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Asmentioned above, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty. Atthat time, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talented personagesand poets came one after another. They look out from the cantharidin tower, goboating in Dongting, and write hard. In his poem "climbing Yueyang Tower withXia 12", Li Bai described it as follows: "the tower views Yueyang as far aspossible, and the Sichuan Dongting opens. The wild goose leads the sorrowfulheart to go, the mountain holds the good month to come. Even stay in the clouds,the sky line cup. After getting drunk, the cool wind blows and the people danceLi Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote the poem Yueyang Tower:"if you want to get rid of your worries, you can go to Yueyang Tower on DongtingLake. Its a pity that thousands of Li can take advantage of the prosperity.Its a dragons solution to the shipwreck. " The Yueyang Tower became more andmore famous because of these new words.

However, it was after Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyanwrote Yueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Ying Zijing wasdemoted to be the governor of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organized threemajor events: first, building a rainbow dike under the Yueyang Tower to defendthe waves of Dongting Lake; second, setting up a county school to cultivatetalents; third, rebuilding the Yueyang tower. Teng Zijing has both literarytalent and military strategy. He thinks that "it is not long for Louguan to becalled a reporter by writing, and the writing is not written by those who aretalented and powerful.". So he thought of his friend Fan Zhongyan, who was aJinshi in the same middle school. He wrote a Book of Qiuji, which introduced thestructure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after it was revised. He poured out hiseagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record. He also asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which copied the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by famous scholars of all ages. He sent people to FanZhongyans demoted residence day and night It is located in Dengzhou. FanZhongyan was a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Wei Zijing, he was rejected and attacked because he advocated theinnovation of politics. After receiving the letter from Teng Zijing, he read itrepeatedly and thought about it carefully, and finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article is only 368 words, it hasbroad content, profound philosophy, majestic momentum, sonorous language andpearly words. It has become a masterpiece for thousands of years. However, thesaying "first worry about the world, and then joy about the world" has become afamous saying handed down from generation to generation, and has become theaccumulation of the noble personality culture of the outstanding knowledge ofthe Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme content andartistic charm, has been handed down for thousands of years and nourishedpeoples hearts. After receiving Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower, Teng Zijing wasoverjoyed. He immediately asked Su Zimei, a great calligrapher, to write it andShao Songhui, a famous sculptor, to engrave it on a wooden plaque. As a result,Lou, Ji, calligraphy and sculpture are collectively known as the "four wonders".Unfortunately, the sculpture was destroyed in the fire during the reign ofemperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. The screen we see now is written by ZhangZhao, a famous calligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in theQianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

The whole building is supported by four big nanmu columns. It runs from thebottom of the building to the top of the building, and then uses 12 gold pillarsas the inner ring to support the second floor. Around it, 20 wooden pillars areused to control the door joints and tenons, and connect them as a whole. Thewhole Yueyang Tower is of pure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. Onthe first floor, there are couplets chanting Yueyang Tower by ancient and modernmasters. The one in the middle of the hall is the longest of the couplets. Thefirst couplet begins with "whats strange on the first floor", listing theachievements and legends of poets, famous Confucians, virtuous officials andwine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authors regret for thepast and the present; the second couplet introduces the famous mountains andrivers, the magnificent and dangerous city of baling. If you write down thiscouplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

A carved screen of Yueyang Tower is hung on the front of the second floor.There is a story circulating here. During the reign of Daoguang in the QingDynasty, a magistrate surnamed Wu came to Yueyang. He took a fancy to the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, and bribed a master of folk art carving with a largesum of money to make another carved screen. Taking advantage of the opportunityof being transferred out of Yueyang, Wuzhi county took advantage of theopportunity to steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy nightwith the carved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. The boat was overturned in thejiumazui section of Dongting Lake by wind and waves, and the carved screen sankto the bottom of the lake. It was salvaged by local fishermen and collected byWu Minshu, a local scholar. After 120 silver from the hands of Wus descendantswill screen back. During the cultural revolution, the red guards wanted to smashthe feudal carved screen. In order to protect it, the workers covered thewriting with plaster and wrote Chairman Maos poems. In this way, the carvedscreen escaped another disaster. This one and the one on the first floor areboth true and false, just like the list of merits and demerits.

The third floor is the top floor of Yueyang Tower. Looking from the window,you can appreciate the majestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains andswallowing the Yangtze River" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of lakes andmountains, which is "the same color of water and sky, boundless wind and moon".Signed "Changgeng libaishu". When we stand on the third floor and look out fromthe window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are united, theclear wind and the moon are boundless, and the mountains and lakes are all onthe first floor. Isnt the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, thewind and the moon are boundless"?

In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower written by Du Fu inMao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has rigorous layout, bold andunrestrained brushwork, iron and silver hook, vigorous and straight, which isdeeply rooted in huaisus wild grass style, and has its own style. This is arare art treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on thecake.

Out of the Yueyang Tower is the three drunk Pavilion, which is the place toworship Lu Xian. Lu Dongbin used medicine to save people and did good deeds. Hewas deeply respected by the people. In addition, he was named "Fuyou emperor" bythe emperor of Yuan Dynasty. He was one of the five northern ancestors ofTaoism. Yueyang Tower was built with yellow glazed tiles specially used by theemperors in feudal times as the place where LV Xian stopped. Why is Lu Xian soprominent in Yueyang? It turns out that there are anecdotes about Lu Xian in theannals of Yueyangs prefectures and counties, saying that he had drunk with TengZijing, played chess with Wang Taishou, the national chess player, and stoppedQiao Taishous sedan chair when he was drunk. In particular, Zhizhou Li Guan notonly records the origin of LV Xiantings story, but also includes two poems byLV Xian. At that time, they were carved in front of Yueyang Tower with hugestones. One of them is "when you travel to the north, the dusk of Cangwu, thecourage of the green snake in your sleeve, when you are drunk in Yueyang, youcant recognize it, and you can fly over Dongting Lake with langyin." The nameof sanzui Pavilion comes from this poem.

Finally, visit Yueyang Tower culture and Art Center. There are not only thecarved screen of Yueyang Tower written by the famous calligraphers Mi Fu, ZhuYunming, Dong Qichang and Zhang Zhao, but also the image display of theconcentrated landscape of Yueyang Tower in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.There are also a large number of works of art and crafts with Yueyang Towerculture as the theme, as well as various books and periodicals about YueyangTower. Besides enjoying, you can choose your favorite souvenirs forcommemoration.

阅读教学是语文课堂的一大内容，在课堂教学中，必须钻研文本，走进文本的语言世界中去，用心研读，体味情感，才能为文本而感动，获得体验，感受人文。而进入文本最直接、最有效的方法就是细读文本。

《穷人》这一课渔夫与桑娜的对话，个性鲜明，恰如其分地表达了人物的真情实感，如渔夫的话显示出他爽直、乐于助人的品质，而桑娜则小心应对，说话断断续续，表明了她紧张、不安的内心，同时也看出她热爱丈夫、同情西蒙的善良品质。在教学过程中我通过引导学生抓住桑娜复杂的心理活动与她和丈夫的对话部分引导学生通过揣摩两次沉默，走进他们的内心世界。针对人物的对话描写，要先让学生自己试试怎么读才能读好，再分角色读，读出人物的真情。这样学生通过揣摩人物的对话、触摸到文中人物的心灵美。

在《猜猜我是谁》的教学中，我大胆尝试新的教学方式，体现新课程的理念，主要有以下几个方面：

一、培养学生自主、探究、合作的学习方式。我有意识地给学生渗透自主、合作、探究的学习意识。教会学生怎样学习是学生掌握终身学习方法的良好开端。学生间通过互相交流，互相帮助。学生学习得快，掌握得好。在检测时，发现学生个个都能准确地读出读音。在自主合作学习中，学生的主体性，能动性得到提高。

二、利用游戏形式，激发学生学习兴趣。兴趣是激发学生从事学习的动力。游戏是学生喜闻乐见的形式。爱玩，爱活动是孩子的天性，学生是活泼好动的，在课堂中，为调节学生的学习，再度激发学生的学习兴趣，我分别与学生进行了两个小游戏：“猜猜我是谁”和“找朋友”。老师张嘴仅做动作，不发出声音，让学生猜，学生脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容……在玩中，学生巩固所学的知识，学得比较扎实。学生学得高兴，乐于学习，使课堂变成学习的乐园，学生在课堂中感受到乐趣，对学习会更感兴趣。

当然，在教学中，我还存在很多的不足之处，如：课堂时间设计不太合理，致使巩固环节显得仓促，在学生进行小组学习的时候没进行有效的指导，课堂有点乱。这些，都是需要我在今后的教学中不断学习，不断反思，不断提高，努力改正的地方。

通过这首诗歌的教学，收获良多。

一、课堂教学的时间很宝贵，教师要争取把力用在刀刃上。我的设想是让学生在有限的课堂时间，尽量多读，并达到当堂背诵的目的。在学生在读中学，读中思，以读带学，课堂实践证明，这样的教学思路是正确的。

二、让学生多思考，主动学习。

在教学中，老师多提问，少讲解，让学生在思考中学会分析问题，总结问题。所以我设计了很多思考题目，目的就是引导学生主动思考和学习。

三、课后作业既紧扣课文，又让学生的思维得以拓展。

布置的扩写题目，老师可以示范性的先写开头，以达到开拓学生思维的效果。

在上课时，我首先让学生进行质疑，我们班一向走神的疗国欣站起来就问：“柳暗花明又一村”是什么意思?我让学生分解字来解释，“柳暗”柳是指什么?学生回答：“柳树”，“暗”呢?“就是柳树很多，很荫深。”“花明”，学生对这个没有能理解，我引导说春天的鲜花开得怎样，“鲜花一丛丛，颜色很鲜艳”。谁能把这句话连起来说?梁乐儒拿起书：“这句诗是说陆游骑着驴走在山间，山一座又一座，水一条又一条，陆游怀疑前面没有路了，忽然他发现柳树荫深，鲜花鲜艳，不远处看到了一个村庄。”

我一听，骑驴，就知道他是从看插图知道的，我立即传递给学生另一种学习诗歌的办法，看插图。借助机会，我顺势让学生找找，“这句诗中写了哪些景?”学生异口同声地回答：“山、水、柳树、花。”我指着诗句轻声地问：“只写了景物吗?有写心情的吗?”学生受到了挑战，悄悄地诵读了诗句，“有，疑字，诗人看到重重山，怀疑没有路了。”我激动地说：“好，读得真认真，再看看，还有吗?”另一个学生说：“老师还有，又字，我体会到了陆游当时看到村庄他很高兴。”“能把高兴换一个词吗?”“惊奇”接近了，又高兴又惊奇，可以说“惊喜”，在我的引导下，学生体会到了诗人心情的转变过程，我告诉学生这种写法就是“情景交融”。学生听得特别的认真。

平时问题最多的蒙哲平站起来问：“张老师，这句话说诗人去山西村的路上，为什么放在后面写?是不是弄错了。”这下引起了我的注意，我故意说;“是啊，是诗人弄错了吧?同意吗?”学生若有所思地进入了思考，有个同学说：“我不同意，诗人没有写错，他是把他在路上遇到的事情回忆说给山西村的村民听。”说得对啊，其实这是一种倒叙的写法，这样更加的突出了最后两句，我这样一说学生，就联系到上个学期学习的《燕子专列》也是采用了这种写法。

我们不得不承认在很多时候老师低估了学生的潜力，固而不给学生尝试的机会。学生潜在的创新思维就被我们这种“好心”给抹杀了。“说内容”给学生自由，给学生空间，给学生期待。让学生畅所欲言在自主活动中感受成功，收获惊喜。

从“谈方法”可以看出，学生的思维被激活了，教师到位而又不越位的点拨示范，打开了学生思维的闸门，让学生找到了感觉，尝到了好滋味。

交谈的形式，真正实现了新课标提倡的与文本对话与作者对话能开启学生的心灵，放飞学生的情愫，使学生茅塞顿开，豁然开朗，自然收到好的效果。但老师的适时点拨示范也是必不可少的。

这篇课文是以小学生喜爱的童话故事形式出现的，它借小柳树和小枣树生长情况的不同，赋予它们不同的性格特点。小柳树因自己长得漂亮而得意，瞧不起小枣树;而小枣树不因自己长得没有小柳树好看而泄气，也不因为自己能结又大又红的枣子而自大，相反还夸奖小柳树。通过它们之间的对话，生动形象地使学生懂得“要善于发现别人的长处，正视自己的不足”这一深刻的道理。在课堂教学中，我让学生通过比较小柳树和小枣树的不同来读懂课文。其中，我又是从三方面进行引导：一是从柳树和枣树的生长特点分析他们的不同;二是从两者的性格特点来理解不同;三是通过小柳树的前后表现不同来体会。在进行这三方面的引导中，我抓住小柳树和小枣树的语言进行不同语气地朗读、比较和体会。

学生不仅在读中感悟课文中不同角色的性格特点，也体会到了“尺有所短，寸有所长”的道理，知道要多看别人的长处。其中对小枣树心情与性格地方理解比较到位，而对小柳树的性格与说话语气方面不是很清楚，造成有些学生在回答仍存在含糊不清的地方。在今后的教学中要多灵活地引导学生，过渡语言简练准确，充分挖掘学生的完整思维。

教学完《小柳树和小枣树》，下课铃声响了，大课间活动开始了，我跟着孩子又蹦又跳，活动结束了，我意犹未尽，浑身的兴奋点似乎都被点燃了!我还被课堂上的气氛牵引着，成功地喜悦无以言表!

教学时，我按部就班，第一课时学习生字词语，第二课时利用插图逐步学习了课文，从学生的表现可以看出他们预习很到位!我顺势拓展思维，问他们：“从此以后会怎么样了?”学生开始续写故事，教室里只听到沙沙地写字声，过一会儿，一双双小手相继举了起来，孩子的答案精彩纷呈，我一次次都被他们丰富的想象打动，我出乎意料地发现：孩子们的心眼里有多彩的世界!由此我深味到：语文的教学要开掘他们不尽的潜力!它的教学的确是一门艺术啊!

一、成功的喜悦

1、激发兴趣，自主读文。

为了能激起学生的自主读文的兴趣，教学伊始，我问学生：这是什么季节的景色?你想画什么?接着，我就和学生一起绘画了一幅秋天的图画。今天我们就一起到秋天里走一走、看一看。学生兴趣盎然。接着让学生用自已喜欢的读书方法读课文，可以和同桌一起读，也可以找好伙伴商量，还可以和学习小组的同学讨论。这样，通过营造开放宽松而富有创新活力的课堂氛围，让学生在感兴趣的自主活动中读文，整体感知课文的内容。学生有了认知的激情，就会自主参与，寻求新知，而不是被动接受灌输。学生整体感知课文后，再让学生自主识字：说说自己记住了哪些字，怎样记住的。然后我学着杨昱婷老师的教学生字的方法，把字剪成桂花、苹果、梨、枫叶的形状，让学生贴到相应的位置上，这样既增加了学生识字、记字的兴趣，又增强了识字、记字的效果。

2、美读课文，读中感悟。

这是一篇讲读课文，教学中，我让学生自读感悟，自主地从课文中找出自已想学的内容，多读多想;自主地讨论、交流，自觉地练习运用在精读课上学会的一些读书方法探究课文，使全体学生在积极的参与和协作中自读自悟，主动发展。例如：读完课文的第三自然段后，我问学生：大自然的地毯怎么画?你则呢知道?在课文中找出来读一读，画一画。然后再出示这一段再读，问学生读后有什么感觉?哪儿最美?学生说：“一抹金黄最美”。“那么什么是一抹金黄呢?”学生都不理解，我又适当引导：想一想秋天的草坪是什么样子的?有的说：“是黄色的。”有的说：“是一半绿一半黄的。”我及时点拨：“一半绿一半黄的草坪就像是染上了一抹金黄。”学生在自己的发现中完全了解了“一抹金黄”的意思，根本不用老师解释。再如：你还喜欢什么?在课文中找出来读一读。有的学生说喜欢星星。我知道了他不明白课文中的“星星”就是成熟的果子。我就让他读一遍：“课文中说星星在什么地方?”“果林里。”“果林里有星星吗?”“没有。“那会是什么?”“那是梨子、苹果熟了。”学生又在我的引导下明白了文中的“星星”是什么。

二、不足的惋惜

学习完课文内容后，为了培养学生的创新思维能力和口语表达能力，我鼓励学生大胆地想象、讨论：你喜欢秋天吗?喜欢秋天里的什么?学生兴趣盎然，都说喜欢，但却说不出秋天都有什么景色。也许现在还没有真正到秋天，学生以往没有注意观察周围世界的习惯。我觉得今后要注重引导学生养成爱观察的好习惯，全面提高学生的语文素养。另外学生的评价还显得不够到位，如他读的声音太小，读的没有感情等。今后应培养学生正确评价，评一评成功之处，不足在哪里，并能说出为什么。这样学生在自主评价的过程中会进一步理解文章的主题思想，提高审美情趣，使纸面上的静态内容跃出教材，转化为符合儿童个性特点的动态表演，让学生真正成为学习和发展的主体。

发展学生的语言和思维，培养学生的创造能力。

比如说“头顶着天，用脚使劲蹬着地”，课文中没交代有多长时间，一般学生也并不能从这里体会他的辛苦和坚持。为了体会盘古的力量，我在这个环节是引导那个读书的学生，“此刻，你头顶的是整个天空啊!脚下分开的是整片大地啊!”学生立刻领会了，再读时明显强调了力量。盘古顶天立地的漫长又用另外一种方式来体验。反问学生：盘古顶天立地有多长时间?100年?10000年?100万年?学生这么一问，反应过来了——不知过了多少年。用后文中的证据反驳了我的假设，自己体会到时间的漫长和艰难。再进行读句，果然是效果出色。

另外一个设计当时也存在争议，因为我要学生用数学的思维解决盘古的高度。我当时是这样设计的：在盘古的顶天立地之下，天每天升高一丈，地每天下沉一丈。100天过去?天升高多少丈?地下沉多少丈?10000天过去?天升高多少丈?地下沉多少丈?这样不知过了多少年，天升高多少丈?地下沉多少丈?学生回答的是：100丈。10000丈。不知有多少丈。很多人都被这时的高度推进弄得莫名其妙。马上，我问学生：当盘古就在眼前，仰望盘古，看得清全貌吗?学生达到：太高了，看不到。再追问他受得了这漫长的辛苦吗?前面的种.种铺垫在这一刻迎刃而解。用高度推进让学生明白这是太过于艰巨的任务，身为神的盘古也有支撑不住的时候，所以他积劳成疾的倒下了。

通过这次备课，我充分体会到台上三分钟，台下十年功。在这节课的轻松表象背后，包含了整个年级的多少思考、探索、劳动与付出。很多在课堂上表现出来的和未展现的方面都有我们整个集体的智慧与劳动，这是一节锤炼出来的课。

上一周我上了《世说新语》两则，由于这篇课文短小精悍，再加上备课较充分，所以上完后自我感觉良好。

亮点一：创设情景生动巧妙，贴近实际。在《咏雪》中我上课伊始和学生介绍：我们大家知道在祖国的北方，每到冬季就能看见那美丽的雪花纷纷扬扬的在空中飞舞，你能想到可以把它们比作什么吗?学生由此产生各种各样的联想与想象。我不失时机的和他们说：古代有两个孩子也像大家一样打了两个特别好的比方，你们想知道吗?

亮点二：备课时，我想：何不放手让学生自己来学这篇课文呢?这样有利于增强学生自主学习的能力。于是，在我的引导下经过多种形式的熟读课文后，我说：“同学们，今天这篇课文比较短小精悍，有关字词的学习就由我们自己动手解决了，大家可以结合课文下面的注释，找出重点字词、语句，弄明白它们的意思。实在不明白的可以放到小组讨论解决，还是解决不了的，咱们放到课堂上来一起解决。记住，遇到不会的问题，一定要提出来。哪个组做好了，就可以先举手。”

很快学生拿起来笔，在书上写写画画，非常投入。我也不用声嘶力竭的反复讲解了，在他们中间比较轻松的做一下指导。很快有的学习小组展开了讨论，接着其他小组也相继展开了。讨论几分钟后，也没见哪个学生举起手来提问问题。我知道这个班的学生有些胆怯，于是，我说：“看来同学们的文言知识掌握的很好呀!没有什么问题要问，是真的没有呢?还是不好意思?大家可要注意了，你们不提问题，我可要提问了。”话音一落有个同学举起了手，接着很多同学也举起了手，僵局打破了。学生们共提了好几个问题，多数不用我来解答，还是学生解答的。课堂气氛由原来的沉闷变得活跃起来。