篇1:中国南方发生雪灾的原因_情况报告_网
最近南方天气异常,暴雪成灾,从宏观气候到微观天气的顺序可探求此次气象灾害的原因。
一、拉尼娜对中国的影响
今年全球的气候大背景是拉尼娜,厄尔尼诺我们较熟悉,但对于她的姐妹拉尼娜我们还很陌生。
拉尼娜是同厄尔尼诺相反的气候现象,是指赤道太平洋东部(秘鲁附近)海水大范围持续异常变冷现象,海水表层温度低出气候平均值0.5℃以上。小小的0.5度,又远在南美洲,但却对我国造成了极大影响。
1.南太平洋的气温偏低是怎样扩散到全球的。海洋表层的洋流运动主要受海表面风的牵制。信风的存在使得大量暖水从东太平洋(即秘鲁)吹送到赤道西太平洋地区(即中国、日本),在赤道东太平洋地区暖水被刮走,主要靠海面以下的冷水进行补充,赤道东太平洋海温比西太平洋明显偏低,使得气流在赤道太平洋东部下沉,从而加剧气流在西太平洋的上升运动,实际上削弱了西太平洋的副高,加强了信风和西风,进一步加剧赤道东太平洋冷水的发展,形成恶性循环。最终将拉尼娜的影响从秘鲁扩散到全球,特别是中国。
2.西太平洋上升运动的加强对中国的影响。西太平洋的上升运动加强,导致了本来在冬半年就已经远离中国大陆进入太平洋的副热带高气压带进一步远离大陆,对大陆冷气团的牵制抵抗作用进一步降低,很明显,没有了副高的阻拦,副高两侧的风带,一是北方强大的寒冷的西风带,二是南方印度洋上的信风带可以长驱直入大陆,横扫全亚洲,而中国恰恰就在这两个风带的控制之下。
3. 风带加强对中国的影响
(1)西风带。西风带对中国造成的影响主要来自两个方向:一个是对北方来自西伯利亚的强冷空气起到了推波助澜的作用。冷空气团是从极地方向过来的,冷气团比较寒冷,冷空气强度比较强,因为北冰洋的蒸发作用小,空气极为干燥,以大风、降温过程为主,不会出现大范围的降雪,以前对我国造成影响最大、我们印象最深的就是这股冷空气。今年主要受北方气团影响的东北降雪量就很少,跟过去持平。二是从西路过来的,这是我们很少关注的,但它借助西风带加强从冰岛大西洋沿途过来,经过欧洲地中海横扫整个亚欧大陆,由于来自较湿润的大西洋,这股冷空气带来了大量的降雪。事实证明了这一点,今年因为这股强冷湿空气,巴格达这种极度干旱的地方降了百年以来第一次雪,中亚地区,特别是阿富汗山区积雪超过两米。甘肃这种比较干旱的地方今年降雪量超过常年的两倍,为60年之最。多有趣,我们天上下的雪竟然来自大西洋的海水。
(2)信风带。由于太阳直射点的南移,信风带在过去对中国的影响并不大,但由于拉尼娜的加强,加上西风带受到青藏高原阻挡,分流至喜马拉雅山脉南翼逐渐加热加湿的气团,使得中国南部受到了来自印度洋大量的暖湿气流,造成云贵高原的气温甚至比常年的还要高。
(3)共同影响。由于太平洋上的副高减弱,因而南北两股冷空气可以长驱直入中国内陆,信风带来的暖湿气流控制南方,像深圳这段时间湿度都高达90%。过去北方的冷空气南下就单一的控制全国,全国都是寒冷干燥,但今年拉尼娜引导着信风带来大量水汽,同北方干燥寒冷的气团在长江中下游地区交汇,从而形成了大范围的暴雪。降雪同降雨的原理一样,现在温度一上升就下大雨,甚至暴雨。从影响范围看,灾害程度从东向西递减,沿海省份影响较小,可见水汽主要来自印度洋而非太平洋,信风影响巨大。
二、局部分析
1. 长江中下游、安徽、湖北。这一地域处于北纬30度附近,正好是西风带同信风带交汇的地方,南北气流交汇,势必造成大量降雪。另外,长江中下游地区湖泊众多,当地水面蒸发的大量水汽也是降雪的来源之一。
(1)湖南。由于南岭的阻挡,将剩余的冷空气都集中在了湖南郴州、衡阳一带,也就是南岭山脚下,从而将冷空气最后的力量全部发泄在湖南。
(2)广西、贵州。云贵高原过去一直就是同时受到南北两股气团的共同影响,只是今年的强度特别大,过于湿润,又过于寒冷,造成严重的凝冻,冻雨。
(3)北方。过去印象中的北国风光、千里冰封、万里雪飘依然没变,东北主要受到北方的干燥冷气团,所以降雪量没有太大变化,从卫星云图上看这几天基本没怎么下雪。倒是西北地区由于强大的西风带来了大量的来自大西洋的水汽,降雪较常年偏多。
三、 降雪对南方的影响
下雪是自然现象,北方年年都下,即使有暴雪,也没造成严重问题。为什么南方降雪会产生这么多问题呢?这里主要同严寒的北方进行对比分析。
1.冻雨。现在南北地面温度都长时间低于0℃。但北方是从低空到高空都是稳定的冷空气,所以降下的都是雪花。
南方由于冷空气势力已经有所减弱,暖空气势力又异常强大,因此在1500米至3000米上空形成一个温度高于0℃的暖空气层,再往上3000米以上温度又低于0℃。大气垂直结构呈上下冷、中间暖的状态,即近地面存在一个逆温层。大气层自上而下分别为冰晶层、暖层和冷层。如此,从高空冰晶层掉下来的雪花通过暖层融化成雨滴,接着进入靠近地面的冷气层时,雨滴便迅速冷却,虽还没有来的及结成冰,但温度已降至0℃以下,便形成了冻雨。
2.结冰。北方落下的都是雪,而且由于温度低,落地不融化,所以不会结成冰。即使白天温度高融化了,由于北方完全受极干燥的冷气团控制,融化的水很快就会蒸发,又回到空气中,地面总是干的。树上,电线上结冰十分罕见。
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篇2:西安优秀导游词
人们都说:大雁塔是座美丽的塔,是座伟大的塔,是座神秘的塔。今年,我去了西安,看到了大雁塔,看她那美丽、伟大、神秘的样子,真是感慨万千。
说大雁塔美丽,因为在大雁塔的跟前,有亚洲最大的音乐喷泉广场。当高雅、优美的音乐响起时,水面上就会突然冒出高大的泉水。随着音乐节奏高低的变化,喷泉也十分有规律地跟随着欢快起伏,活像一群孩子在欢乐地舞蹈。当夜色降临时,广场四周华灯彩照,喷泉水池中央碧波荡漾,繁星点点,迷人的风景把大雁塔装饰得无比美丽。
说大雁塔伟大,她不仅巍然屹立,高耸入云,虽经千年沧桑,仍然完好无损,而且还有唐朝高僧玄奘三藏法师西天取经的历史。要说唐三藏西天取经,由于唐僧取经的想法没有得到朝廷准许,所以完全是另辟蹊径,一路上也没有《西游记》中所说的高徒们相伴,全靠自己一人一马,历经千辛万苦才从印度取得真经和几颗舍利子回到了唐朝,唐太宗李世民为了保护经书,便修建了大雁塔来藏经,就像人们所说的藏经阁,唐僧在那里翻译佛经经典十余年,创立了中国佛教的一大宗派――唯识宗。像这样一座有着佛教精髓的古塔,是不是很伟大?
说大雁塔神秘,因为传说中,唐僧从印度带回来的几颗舍利子突然被盗走,可数千年后,人们居然在大雁塔的地底下发现了一座地宫,据历史学家分析,舍利子很有可能就在里面,只是国家暂时没有进行文物发掘。像这样一座美丽、伟大的大雁塔下居然还有地宫,而且被盗的舍利子可能就在下面,你说大雁塔神秘不神秘?
美丽、伟大、神秘,这就是我看到的大雁塔。
篇3:西安优秀导游词
我们现在看到的就是钟楼。钟楼位于市中心东、西、南、北四条大街的交会处,它建于明洪武十七年(1384年),当时钟楼的位置并不在现在这个地方,那么它在哪儿呢?请大家顺着我手指的方向看,那座与钟楼遥相呼应的楼就是鼓楼,钟楼最初的位置在鼓楼以西的迎祥观内。迎祥观是唐朝一座非常著名的道观,唐睿宗李旦为了给自已的母亲过寿,特制了一口钟安放在迎祥观内。随着城市的发展,西安城不断地扩建,钟楼就偏于城西,不再居于城市中心了。在这种情况下,公元1582年明政府就将钟楼迁移至今天的位置。
钟楼的主要作用就是击钟报时。每天清晨,当钟声响起,四个城门就打开,人们就开始了一天的辛勤劳作,傍晚鼓楼的鼓声一响,人们就回到城里关闭城门,这就是大家常说的“晨钟暮鼓”。过去用来报时的钟是唐睿宗李旦在景云二年(711年)命人制作的,取名“景云钟”。景云钟纹饰精美,线条流畅,声音洪亮,充分表现出了唐代工匠高超的铸钟水平,原钟现收藏在西安碑林石刻艺术博物馆。大家现在看到的这口钟是景云钟的复制品,它的体态、大小、重量、纹饰与原景云钟都是相同的。现在让我们大家一起来欣赏一下,请看钟纽部分:据传海中有一种大兽叫蒲牢,它虽然凶猛,但是非常害怕鲸鱼,每当鲸鱼攻击它,它就会拼命大叫,由于它的叫声非常响亮,人们在铸钟的时候就将它缚在钟上,以祈求钟声洪亮,我们大家可以想像一下,钟就像张着大嘴的蒲牢,撞钟之木就像鲸鱼,鲸鱼咬一口,蒲牢叫一声,鲸鱼咬得越急,蒲牢叫得越响,如果哪位朋友不信,可以来试试。关于蒲牢还有另外一种说法,说“蒲牢”是龙王爷的第九个儿子,龙生九子各有所好,这位蒲牢平素爱大声喊叫,声音非常洪亮,因此钟纽常常做成蒲牢的样子,希望能使钟声洪亮,总之有了蒲牢,钟声就会洪亮,这是无可置疑的事了。
再来看看钟面,这里有龙、凤、鹤、狮、独角牛,以及飞天、彩云、蔓草等,花纹线条流畅、首尾相接,它们分别代表着道教法规、富贵权势、天上人间,以及现世未来,是一幅集福、权、贵为一体的宗教纹饰画,特别珍贵的是这篇唐睿宗李旦亲笔所书的铭文。李旦的真迹共有三处:孔子庙堂碑、顺陵碑以及景云钟铭文。因孔子庙堂碑和顺陵碑都己被毁,所以现在李旦的真迹就仅存景云钟铭文一处了。这篇文章的内容主要讲述了道教的玄妙,以及景云钟的制作,无论是从书法的角度,还是从文章的内容来看,都是一篇不可多得的佳作。
让我们回过头来,看看这座坐落于四条大街交会处己600多年的钟楼吧,我们先从屋檐讲起,大家站在这里可以看到钟楼有三层屋檐,其实它只有两层,也就是说在二楼是一层楼两层檐,那么为什么要把屋檐做得这么复杂呢?因为在封建社会里屋檐有着非常严格的等级制度,重檐就是统治阶级为了提高自己的尊严和权威而独占的一种形式,就是同样的重檐屋顶也有着最尊与次之的区别,重檐庑殿为最尊,比如北京故宫的“太和殿”,重檐歇山次之,比如北京天安门。钟楼采用的四角攒尖顶形式,这种形式最早出现在北魏石窟的石塔雕刻上,此外在宋画中也可以看到不少的楼、台、亭、阁采用这种形式,到了明清这种形式就更加兴盛起来。大家站在这里可以看到,四周的建筑都很漂亮,可这在过去是完全行不通的。普通老百姓盖房子只能盖单檐房屋,重檐在皇家建筑里才能出现。也许有的朋友已经注意到了,在屋顶的四翼角戗脊上有一排动物形状的构件,这就是人们常说的仙人、走兽。我们依次来看一下:第一个是仙人,在它后边分别是行龙、飞凤、行狮、天马、海马、飞鱼、押鱼,这几种走兽都有其一定的寓意。龙风代表至高无上的尊贵;狮子是兽中之王、镇山之王;天马、海马象征皇家的威德通天入海、畅达四方;飞鱼、押鱼是海中异兽,据说可兴云作雨、镇火防灾。建筑工匠们巧妙地将政治象征、艺术装饰和实用构件统一在一起,充分显示了他们的聪明才智。
我们再往下看,在柱子上梁枋与屋顶的构架部分之间可以看到有一层用小块木料拼合成的构件,它们均匀地分布在梁枋上,支挑着伸出的屋檐,这种构件称为斗拱,它是中国古代木结构建筑上的一种特有的构件。为什么叫斗拱呢?在柱子与梁枋上因为要挑出屋顶伸出的屋檐,故需要有一种构件托住屋檐下的仿和椽。古代工匠用弓形的短木从柱子和梁上伸出,一层不够再加一层,弓木层层挑出,使屋檐得以伸出屋身之外,这种弓形短木称为拱;在两层拱之间用方木块相垫,小方木形如斗,所以这种用多层拱与斗结合成的构件即称为斗拱。斗拱用在屋檐下可以使屋顶的出檐加大,用在梁枋两端下面,则可以减小梁枋的跨度,加大梁枋的承受力。斗拱的确是一种很奇特的构件,一块块小木料组合起来居然可以挑托起那么沉重、那样深远的屋檐,这是我国古代工匠一项了不起的创造。
建筑首先作为一种物质财富,也和其他物质一样,在人类创造的过程中,不但产生了物质的躯体,同时也产生了美的形象,在房屋的整体和房屋各种构件的制作中,人们都对它进行程度不同的美的加工,装饰就是这样开始在建筑上出现的。古建筑的门窗是与人接触最多的部分,在它们身上自然集中地进行了多种装饰处理。大家现在看到的格子门,门扉上都有木刻浮雕,内容有生动感人的民间传说、回味无穷的历史故事,楼上楼下加起来共有64幅,若朋友们感兴趣,不妨仔细研究一下,看看您能猜对多少。
进入钟楼一楼大厅。首先请大家抬兴看:顶部一个个的木方框叫天花,中央圆形的叫藻井。为了不露出建筑的梁架,古代工匠常常在梁的下方用天花枋组成一个一个的木方框,上面贴有彩色图案的纸,或者直接在上面施彩绘。钟楼的天花都是直接施彩绘的,共184块,有艳丽的牡丹,有素雅的水仙,有傲雪的红梅,有清幽的兰花,一年四季就在这小小的四方之间争娇斗奇。在讲藻井之前,我想先请朋友们猜一猜,这是一个什么图案呢?有朋友说这是城市的中心点,还有朋友说是云彩,我给大家讲一个民间流传的故事,听完后大家就会明白了:传说关中地区过去常闹水灾,每一年都会发生一次,有位道十看过风水后说:钟楼东半里,地下有一川口,川口里有一条大鳌鱼,每一年这条大鳌鱼都会按时出来呼吸新鲜空气,它这一露头,关中地区便会汪_一片,知县得知这一消息后,便命工匠将原钟楼拆除,在它的东半里,一个十字交叉路口处重新建了一座钟楼,钟楼建好后,果然再也没有发生过水灾,因此工匠在施藻井彩绘的时候,就做了这样一幅“霞光万道”图,大家看这幅图案像不像太阳照在井眼里泛出的七色波纹呢?这正是:钟号景云鸣彩凤,楼雄川口锁金鳌。
西安导游词范文5
各位游客大家好!
今天我们将去参观西安城墙、钟楼和鼓楼。很荣幸能为大家服务。
我们现在看到的这座古城堡就是明西安城墙,是明初在唐长安皇城的基础上建筑起来的。它是我国中世纪后期历史上最著名的城垣之一,是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡防御设施。
西安作为千年古都,历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。我们现在看到的城墙可追溯到隋代。公元1369年,明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西,将原来的奉天路改为西安,意为“西方长治久安”。拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。历时8年修筑完的城墙外形是一座长方形。城墙高15米,顶宽12—14米,底宽16—18米,周长13.9公里。最底层用黄土与石灰、糯米汁拌合而成,干燥之后,异常坚固。
西安古城墙包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事设施。好了,现在让我们亲自来感受这座科学、严密、完整的军事防御体系。
城墙最外围是护城河,也叫“城壕”,是城墙的第一道防线。它可以阻滞敌人进攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敌人趁机消灭。环绕西安城墙的护城河宽20米,跨过护城河就是城门,而连接护城河与城门的唯一通道就是吊桥。平时,守城士兵听从晨钟暮鼓的指挥,早晨降下吊桥,开启城门;晚上升起吊桥,断绝交通。一旦发生战争,吊桥升起,城门紧闭,城门就成为坚固封闭的战斗堡垒。
城门是城防体系的重点,也是薄弱点。平时,它是出入城市的通道。战争时,又是攻守双方争夺的首要目标。因此,明代十分重视完善城门防御设施。尤其值得注意的一大技术突破是采用了券拱式城门,以防止敌人火攻。明西安城的城门非常坚固,门扇用厚达16厘米的木板制成,一扇城门用木材2.8立方米,门扇上下横匝着铁条加固,每两道铁条的间隔处,钉有180枚铁蘑菇针。整个门扇上共有1800枚铁蘑菇针。这样就挤密了门扇的木材,增加了门扇刚度,使箭矢无法射入。
为了提高城门防御的保险系数,城门实际上由三重组成,即:闸楼、箭楼和主楼。闸楼在最外,它的作用是升降吊桥。兼用来打更。敌人攻入闸楼城门,好似进入瓮内,会受到来自四面居高临下的攻击,因此楼下这一空间也叫“瓮城”。箭楼在正中,正面和两侧都有窗户,供射箭用。箭楼与箭楼之间用围墙连接起来的也叫“瓮城”,可屯兵。正楼在最里,正楼上面的城楼是城门的主体建筑,是主将镇守指挥所在。城墙外侧,每隔120米有一个突出于城墙主体之外的敌台,俗称“马面”。整个城墙上共有“马面”98座,“马面”上面的建筑叫敌楼,两个敌台之间相距120米,而它的一面为60米,为“一箭之遥”。这样的布局便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。因此,古人有评论说:“有城无台,亦如无城,是城所以卫人,台又所以卫城也。”。城墙上外侧有矮雉,又称“垛墙”,上有垛口和方孔,可供射箭和嘹望。内侧的矮墙称为“女儿墙”,是为了防止士兵行走时坠入墙下。在西安城墙四角各有一座城楼叫“角楼”。在箭楼与正楼形成的瓮城中,有通向城头的马道,便于战马上下。战争期间,这里是调兵遣将的咽喉要道,必须保证畅通无阻。因此守卫异常严格。
随着岁月的变迁,现在我们可以看到西安城墙的长乐门、安定门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门等等,这些名称的来历也从一个侧面反映了古城沉浮衰兴。明西安城墙显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智,好了,西安城墙就参观到这里,我们将继续带大家去参观钟鼓楼。
钟楼和鼓楼是古代中国城市的特有建筑。钟与鼓本是中国最早出现的打击乐器,有3000年以上的历史。最初作为礼器和乐器。大约自春秋时期,开始用于军事指挥。古代中国城市兼有军事城堡性质,除城市四周构筑城墙,挖掘城壕,设置吊桥外,与之配套的还有在城市中心修筑钟鼓楼作为指挥中枢。平时以晨钟暮鼓报告时辰,定时启闭吊桥,紧急状态时用以报警戒严,指挥城防。这种严密的城市防御系统在明代发展到顶峰。西安是明代西北军政重镇,它的钟楼和鼓楼无论从建筑规模、历史价值或艺术价值各方面衡量,都居全国同类建筑之冠。
我们现在看到的这座建筑就是钟楼,位于西安市东西南北四条大街的交汇处,它建于明洪武十七年,最初位于西大街的迎祥观,随着城市中心的东移,到了明神宗万历10年,将钟楼来了个整体拆迁,迁至今址。
钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格,楼高36米,重檐斗拱,华丽庄严。由基座,楼身和楼顶三部分组成。基座是正方形,全部用青砖砌成。楼身为正方形木质结构,外面以回廊环绕,里面为二层楼,楼内有木梯盘旋而上。楼内上下两层正方形大厅里,陈列着明代以来各种名贵瓷器及红楠木家具,四面门上布满浮雕画,风格厚朴生动。楼顶为四角攒尖结构,上面覆盖着碧绿色的琉璃瓦,顶端大圆顶高5米,金光闪闪,辉煌灿烂。
钟楼的西北角上陈列着一口明代铁钟,重5吨,钟边铸有八卦图案。它比钟楼早先悬挂的铜钟小得多。钟楼原先悬挂的巨钟是唐代景云年间铸造的“景云钟”。现在这口钟收藏于西安碑林。据说,钟楼从迎祥观迁到今址后,虽然楼的式样大小并没有改变,但景云钟却怎也敲不响了。没有办法,只有另换。为了将景云钟移到新建的钟楼上,当年在西大街西段搭起一座斜桥,利用桥面斜坡把景云钟运到了钟楼上。据说“桥梓口”也因此而得名。
钟楼内西墙上嵌刻有《钟楼歌》和《钟楼记》碑刻。《钟楼歌》是当年修建钟楼的陕西巡抚龚懋贤在解职赴京时登楼所赋。诗中对钟楼做了热情的赞颂。《钟楼记》是督修过钟楼的巡抚张楷所作,详细记述了钟楼的身世。在钟楼的门上有木刻浮雕故事画共64幅,其中有木兰从军、嫦娥奔月、柳毅传书、八仙过海等等。建国后,西安市人民政府又对钟楼进行了三次大规模修葺,使这座古建筑又焕发了昔日的风采。
与钟楼遥遥相对的是鼓楼,楼底门洞为南北向,北通北院门,南达西大街。鼓楼建于明洪武十三年,与钟楼是姊妹楼。在鼓楼的第一层北面有一面巨鼓,与钟楼上的晨钟形成暮鼓,所以称为鼓楼。楼体呈长方形,基座的门洞高与宽均为6米,洞深38米。鼓楼建筑为重檐歇山式,琉璃瓦覆顶,重檐三滴水。楼分上、下两层。南北檐下各有一块匾,南为清乾隆皇帝御笔刻书:“文武盛地”,北为咸宁县书生李允宽书写“声闻于天”。在鼓楼的外檐都饰有斗拱,四面有回廊。天花板上油漆彩绘云形图案,古色古香,十分美丽。钟鼓楼交相辉映,使古城西安更加美丽壮观。
好了,钟鼓楼的参观到这里就结束了。谢谢大家!
篇4:西安优秀导游词
据说回民街过去是商业繁华之街,商贾云集,风光无两,街上名店鳞次栉比,名产驰誉全国。据说有108家粮行,有宰牛、宰鸭、宰驴的数10位,无论是不是赶集,都热闹非凡。现在,矮矮的民居屋顶,如蜘蛛网一样的电线,四通八达纵横交错,却又那么触手可及:触到的是木板里遗留的草根气质,但那种人声鼎沸的鼎盛场面,早就无法企及。
这条街的历史也已经很久了,据说,原来国外的使节和来长安做生意的商家们聚居在这里,不断地繁衍生息,现在的坊上人大都是这些古老移民的后裔。他们用自己的宗教形成了高度的凝聚力,在汉人占主流的社会中,顽强地坚持了自己特有的文化生活圈子,他们的血液中还保留着精明商人和贵族的遗传因子,一直到了今天。
在一千多年前的汉朝,这里就曾经作为丝绸之路的起点,迎来了回民的先民--来自古阿拉伯、波斯等地的商人、使节、学生。历史记载,许多人沿着丝绸之路来到繁华热闹的长安城后,在这一区域经商、留学和做官,一代代繁衍生息。今天,这里成为6万多回族穆斯林群众的聚居区。
作为伊斯兰文化的传承之地,这一区域今天仍然有唐代含光门、明代西城门楼群、众多保存完好的清真寺和道教城隍庙、佛教西五台、喇嘛教广元寺等众多文化遗迹。街区内众多街道具有浓郁的伊斯兰风格,清真饮食城、民族购物中心和清真寺、回民生活区"相映成趣"。
回民街在鼓楼的边上,街的北头是一座厚重的城墙和它斑驳的拱门。大块大块城砖似乎暗示着西北人的豪放不羁,总是使人联想到那种大块吃肉大碗喝酒的豪爽侠气。来回民街就是吃的。
回民街不常,短短的也就500米左右,两旁开满了正宗的回民饭店。大多数的店家门口总是能见到几个带着回民白帽的小伙子在扇着烤着的牛羊肉串,阵阵的烤肉香味足以令你迟步留连,然后决定进去大爽一把,以饱口福。
回民街上的店门面都不大,外边看起来总使人联想到上海吴江路上的小餐店,可是当你一踏进店门就会知道自己估算错了,窄窄的两扇门面之后竟然有着礼堂般的大堂,两个字:大气。
经营这些餐馆店铺的几乎都是回民朋友。清真小吃可以说是西安小吃的代表。比如平娃烤肉、贾三灌汤包子、红红炒米、特别特、西北楼、金家砂锅等有名的餐馆。到过西安北院门的朋友都有胃口太好但胃太小的感觉。有人说,陕西的小吃不小,可以和八大菜系的大餐媲美。
从公元十世纪,也就是北宋时期,回民开始在这里不断聚居、繁衍、扩展,他们环清真寺而居,逐渐形成了以回民生活为主,具有独特建筑、环境、文化、社会和经济特点的历史街区。历史街区内有10座年代不一、大小各异的清真寺,其中最著名的是化觉巷清真大寺。走在街区内,随处可见具有中国传统建筑风格和穆斯林建筑风格相融合的商业网点,民族服饰、工艺品、清真副食、餐饮店和回民小吃店扑面而来,著名的"贾三灌汤包子店就在其中。40余棵古树点缀其间,再加上不远处的钟、鼓楼,令人仿佛步入了历史的深处。
钟楼向西走100米左右、穿过鼓楼门洞,就进入了西安回民历史街区。这里曾经是隋唐皇城所在地,唐朝末年以后成为普通市民的生活区域。汉、唐时代以来西域商人、学者、使节及其后民留下的诸多文化遗产,成为改造工程的重点保护对象。回民街区是一块面积约1.8平方公里的区域。
由于街区处于西安市中心地带,是经济发展的热点地区,近年来,街区内的传统建筑不断被拆毁,保存下来为数不多的传统民居大多也年久失修。许多院落没有上下水系统,生活十分不便。再加上许多居民为改善居住条件、增加营业面积,自建房屋活动频繁,这些自建房屋多为2--5层楼房,施工简单粗糙,不仅没有改善居民生活质量,反而严重破坏了历史街区的环境和景观。
为进一步改善居民生活质量、方便回族群众的宗教、日常生活,保护街区的历史风貌,政府从1991年就开始对历史街区内的部分街道进行改造。1997年,挪威首相和当时的江同志签定了一个中、挪合作的协议,其中有一个内容就是西安回民历史街区的保护。由挪威出资500万元,国家科委和西安市、省上给一定的配套资助和支持,共同启动了西安回民历史街区保护项目。
荣获20xx年度联合国教科文组织文化遗产保护奖的化觉巷125号院落就是这次中、挪合作保护、维修的成果。这是一座已经有200多年历史的标准的小四合院,青砖黛瓦、雕梁画栋、古色古香。
全国重点文物保护单位--西安化觉巷清真大寺位于街区化觉巷内,始建于唐玄宗天宝元年,距今已经有1200多年的历史,后经宋、元、明、清的几次重修和扩建,逐渐形成了规模宏大、楼台亭殿布局紧凑和谐、庄严肃穆的具有明清风格的巨大古建筑群。其建筑风格体现了伊斯兰文化与中国传统建筑艺术的有机统一,是迄今为止我国最具特色、保存最完整、最典型的中国式清真寺之一。全寺分5进院落,占地13000平方米。经过政府和寺院前后30年的重修,不仅保持了寺院的原貌,而且还新增了不少与寺院风格相一致的明清建筑。
通过有效的保护措施,西安回民历史街区将是一个能够体现我们西安的文化特色、黄土文化、穆斯林文化特色的旅游景点区,里边有传统的伊斯兰的小食品、还有他们传统工艺的餐厅、旅游产品、有旅游景点。大清真寺经过整修护、周围的环境经过改善以后,将会更好的起到旅游示范作用。传统的四合院将更加体现回、汉交融的建筑特色。它的绿地面积、它的公用面积、它的宗教活动面积将得到扩充,要满足每一个当地居民的生活、宗教活动和他的工作、出行的要求,以及现代生活必须具备的一些基本要求。但又保留了古老传统街区的面貌。经过改善的宗教活动(场所)就更具完善性。使这个区域从生活质量、从城市总体功能的配合、基础设施的容量都能得到满足,能适应现代化生活的需要,又体现出我们古城的古老风貌。
篇5:西安优秀导游词
尊敬的各位游客: 大家好!欢迎到家来到西安,西安是著名的古城,我将带领大家游览几天,那么首先我们就去秦始皇陵观光。
始皇陵位于西安市临潼区东约五千米处,它南依骊山,北临渭水,地势险峻,环境优美。陵园规模宏大,陪葬品重多,像一座丰富的地下文物宝库。据史书记载,秦始皇赵政从13岁就开始营建陵园,修剪时间长达38年。工程浩大,气魄宏伟,创历代封建统治者奢侈厚葬之先例。 1974年在其东侧发现兵马俑坑,轰动了中国,震惊了世界,是20世纪最伟大的考过发现之一。 1978年,法国前总统希拉克参观后说:“世界上有了七大奇迹,秦俑的发现,可以说是八大奇迹了,不看金字塔不算到埃及,不看秦俑不算到中国。” 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆是建立在兵马俑坑原址上的遗址型博物馆,于1979年10月开馆。1987年12月联合国教文组织将秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑列入《世界遗产名录》。
大家在游览时要注意以下几点: 1。不要大声喧哗。 2。不要拥挤,要有秩序的参观。 3。不要乱写乱画,保护文物。 现在我就带大家一起参观一下吧!
篇6:西安优秀导游词
天下第八大事迹 1974年,秦始皇陵戎马俑坑的发明震惊天下。这一建在公元前3世纪的地下雕塑群以恢弘磅礴的气魄,威武严整的军阵,形态传神的陶俑向人们展示出古代东方文化的光辉灿烂光辉,无论制作年月、构筑局限与艺术结果无不堪与“天下七大事迹”媲美。于是,“天下第八大事迹”之誉风行一时,成为秦始皇陵戎马俑的代名词。
秦始皇戎马俑博物馆是我国最大的遗址博物馆,除一号坑、二号坑、三号坑掩护陈列大厅外,尚有戎马俑坑出土文物陈列室和秦陵铜车马陈列室。
20世纪最重要的发明
西杨村本是郦山北麓一个冷静无闻的平凡墟落。1974年3月,西杨村的村民在村南160米的柿树林畔打一口井。这里地处骊山冲积扇前缘,累经山洪泥石流淤积,耕地间混合充满鹅卵石的灌木丛和废弃荒地。3月24日动工,挖到3米多深时,发明下面是红烧土、烧结硬块和炭屑灰烬,各人觉得碰上了老砖窑址。继承往下打,在5米多深处的井壁西侧,幽暗的光泽下终于暴露“瓦王爷”凝静的面目面貌。村民们正惊讶间,刚好公社干部房树民来搜查打井进度。他下到井底细心调查,发明出上的砖块与秦始皇陵四面发明的秦砖千篇一律,匆匆汇报各人停息打井,接着便仓皇赶往县城陈诉县文化馆。湮没2200年的“天下第八大事迹”就这样从头回到人世。
这是一个值得眷念的日子——1974年3月29日。
中国雕塑艺术的岑岭
先秦雕塑古朴拙稚,直到接管释教文化之后,才形成中国雕塑的艺术气魄威风凛凛。它的特点是高度归纳综合,线条简捷,气魄威风凛凛浪漫,注重装饰,考究神似而失于写实。然而,秦戎马俑的发明使中外美术史专家们瞠目结舌。人们在这里发明白20__年前东方古典写实主义雕塑艺术的岑岭,找到了中国美术史上恒久缺失的一页!它严酷运用写实主义创作伎俩,无论形体、布局、比例、质感、量度都以精确的剖解结构为依据.从秦俑的脸部,可以看出皮肤肌肉下颧骨、眉骨、颌骨的精确位置,五官的巨细、比例、位置一丝不苟,形体的每一凸凹无不切合人体剖解结构。甚至可以从马的造型判定其品种。非但云云,这些艺术人人还留意 牢牢抓住人物性格,从人物的面部心情、心田勾当、精力状态上追求变革,塑造出有声有色、模样外形各异,形神俱备,无一类似的 浩瀚艺术造型。
一号坑--宿卫军主力声势
一号坑掩护陈列大厅是秦始皇戎马俑博物馆中最早的构筑, 1979年10月建成开放。 在三个戎马俑坑中,它发明得最早,局限也最大。俑坑呈东西向长方形,面积14260平方米。坑内有10道宽2.5米的夯筑隔墙,形成南北面 阔9间,周环绕以回廊的名堂。局部掘客已出土陶俑1000余尊,战车8辆,战车的陶马32匹,各类青铜武器近万件。按照出 土戎马俑的分列密度,预计一号坑共埋藏戎马俑6000余件。
这是一个以步兵为主,战车、步兵相间的主力军阵,设置有先锋、主体、后卫和翼卫,步骑相间,车马兼具,局限复杂,机关精密。东端3列步兵俑面向东方,每列68尊,是军阵的先锋;后头接着战车与步兵相间的38路纵队组成军阵主体;俑坑南北两侧和西端各有1列别离面南、面北和面西的横队,那就是军阵的翼卫和后卫了。
这里的陶俑按兵种可分步兵俑、弩兵俑、车兵俑和骑兵俑4种。步兵源分列成纵队或横队,各作差异的手持武器姿势;弩兵俑作张弓待发姿势并背负箭;车兵俑手持武器跟从在战车后头; 骑兵俑站立在马旁,一手牵马,一手紧握武器。 严酷的军阶品级制度是组成部队战斗力的重要担保,从陶俑的差异穿戴、装束和武器配备上可以清晰看得出来。级别最低的士兵俑束发挽髯,只穿短褐,胸无锡甲,腿扎行股(裹腿),足登方口齐头履;级别较高的士兵束发或戴小圆帽,除短褐外还披短甲,足登短靴或方口齐头履;初级军吏源头戴单版长冠,身穿战袍外罩玄色长甲;高级军吏俑头戴双版长冠,战袍外罩彩色花边胸甲或前后摆平齐的鱼鳞甲;与众差异的将军俑头戴双卷尾长冠,冠带在颈下挽结并下垂胸前。这种冠也叫“鹤冠”,冠上双方原来坚插玄色的鸡尾,听说鹤是一种脾性勇猛善斗的鸟,“其斗到死乃 止”。将军身穿两重战袍,袍外罩有形制怪异的铝甲,铝甲前胸呈三角形由鱼鳞甲片构成,双肩及前后胸有效彩带扎的花结。位于步兵俑群间的将军涌被一群军吏俑蜂拥,面部威严,络腮髯毛,双、足分隔,右手紧握左臂手腕,双手交置腹前,似作拄剑姿势。另一尊原先站在战军上的将军俑额下长须,模样外形庄重,左手按剑。军阶品级也从所持武器差异看得出来,将军涌和高级军吏仅有佩剑,用作批示与自卫;初级军吏和士兵俑则各持袭击性武器长矛、戈等。
二号坑--揭开古代军阵之谜
位于一号坑北侧约20米处的二号坑是在1976年考古勘查中发明的,平面呈曲尺形,对象最优点96米,南北最宽处84米,深约5米,面积约6000平方米。
二号坑由四个单位构成。第一单位即东边突出部门由持弓弩的跪式和立式弩兵源构成方阵;第二单位即俑坑南半部由驷马战车构成车兵方阵;第三单位即俑坑中部车徒团结,由车、步、骑兵俑混淆体例生长方阵;第四单位即涌坑北半部由浩瀚骑兵构成 长方阵。四个方阵有机地组合为曲尺形阵,进可以攻,退可以守,严整有序,自作掩盖,阵式调念头动,首尾彼此接应,既 是摸索性袭击的触角,又是突击性袭击的先锋。它是中国考古史上的独一发明,为熟悉秦代军事体例和作战要领提 供了可贵的直观模子。据局部试掘所知的密度估算,二号坑埋藏戎马俑数目约20__ 件,并会有大量青铜武器。与一、三号坑对比,二号坑是秦俑坑中的英华,其组阵之复杂,兵种之一切,姿式之多样及生涯之完备都高出一、三号坑,其中鞍马骑兵俑、跪姿弩兵俑是二号坑独占的,各式战车之一切也是二号坑的特色。这里的战车可分为批示车、副车、驷搭车和一样平常战车四种。批示车装饰绮丽,通体擦黑漆,绘有精细的几许形图案,车顶有圆形华盖,车内位立将军俑、御手涌和戎右俑(保镳员),批示器材是悬挂在车内的钟和鼓,伐鼓时袭击,敲钟时撤退。副车也有华盖和钟鼓,车上只有御手俑和戎右俑,留下将军俑的空位,作战时,副车紧跟批示车,以备批示车一旦产生意外实时递补与救护。驷搭车上也有华盖,但没有钟楼,车上有四名陶俑,一为御手俑,一为军吏俑,别的两名为军人俑,专家以为,这种驷搭车供作前驱,行军时在前引导,作战时在前挑衅,向敌方投递战书,然后两军正式交手。一样平常战车上有一名御手俑和两名军人俑,位于御手两侧的军人手持矛、戈等长武器,车上还备有弓箭。
二号坑陈列大厅建成于1994年,构筑气派雄伟,肃静凝重,具有秦代气魄威风凛凛,拥有展室及录像厅、贵客迎接室、监控室、茶座、苏息厅、文物库等配套办法,是今朝海内构筑面积最大、最当代化、成果最一切完美的遗址掩护陈列大厅。
三号坑——统帅全军的军幕
三号坑与二号坑同在1976年考古勘察时发明,1987年建成掩护陈列大厅。 它位于一号坑西端北侧,与一号坑相距25米,东距二号坑约120米,三个俑坑呈“品”字状分列。
在三个俑坑中,三号坑是独一所有掘客整理完成的一座,也 是局限最小的一座。平面结 构“凹”字状,深5.2~5.4米,面积524平方米。从三号坑中掘客出1辆战车,4匹陶马,68尊军人俑和34件青铜武器。除了与战车配套的4尊车兵俑外,别的64尊军人俑沿夹道以非战斗队形环状分列,手持的也不是弓弩、矛、戈之类实 战武器,而是更多浮现仪仗威严的殳(音“书”)。专家们鉴定这里是统帅全军的“军幕”,也就是整支行卫军的批示体系。古代部队虽有多种编列,但最根基的是左、中、右全军。一号坑是左军,二号坑是右军,三号坑是批示部,那么,尚有一支中军在什么处所呢?那就是只挖出土扩,没来得及铺砖棚木,更没来得及放入戎马俑的四号坑。据勘查,四号坑面积4000多平方米。人们虽一样平常很少说起,但它并非无关紧要,由于这四个坑同一构成了一个完备的军事编列系统。三缺一,留下了一个汗青缺憾。史籍记实:“骊山之作未成,而周章百万之师至其下矣。”
秦铜车马
1978年,秦始皇陵考古队在秦始皇陵冢西侧20米的地下7.8米深处发明一组车马殉葬坑.这两具铜车马就是从中掘客出来的。
铜车马原先安顿在木棺内,因年月长远,木棺朽烂,填土下沉,被压碎成千余块。为便于修复,考昔职员把铜车顿时部积土作起源整理后,以钢板插入地下,把铜车马从坑内整体吊出装箱,运回室内整理拼接修复,颠末8年全力,终于使它们从头抖擞出昔时锦绣华贵的姿容。
从艺术观赏角度看,铜车马的造型无可挑剔。强壮肥硕的马身佩色泽闪烁的金银饰件,双眼紧盯前线,鼻孔微微部张,马齿紧嚼滴衔,鬃花迎风飞扬,削竹般的马耳斜耸,似乎正凝听下令,只待长策一挥,便铺开四蹄奔跑。一号铜车马的御官站立车头,两腿并立,身材稍稍前倾,双手揽住辔绳,目视车前,全神贯注。二号铜车马的御官坐在车首。头戴切云冠,腰悬青锋剑,身着长孺,圆领外翻,紧握辔绳,高举长策,饱满圆润的脸 庞上透出既志满足得又恭谨当真的神气。 和秦俑一样,铜车马回收严酷的写实伎俩,车、马、人的造型随处考究比例平均,形态传神。马的每块肌腱都切合心理剖解布局,乃至马口腔上颚的皱纹和牙齿都锻造了出来,连马大腿两侧两个附蝉黑斑及-括约肌都没有忽略。御官的脸部、睫毛、头发以至手纹指甲到达惟妙惟肖的境地。与造型艺术严酷写实形成光鲜比较的是铜车彩绘回收的高度浪漫伎俩,车盖和车 厢上部的彩绘龙虎纹,团团簇簇,似云腾雾卷,如金蛇狂舞,纵情挥洒,旷达浪漫;而一到底边,画笔一转,气魄威风凛凛陡变,丝丝缕缕,若即若离,笔意委婉,秀丽超逸;再配以铸出的几许形纹饰,使得雕塑造型的精细与彩画图案的烂漫共熔一炉,相得益彰。
篇7:西安优秀导游词
各位游客:大家好!欢迎大家来到古城西安旅游,我是你们的导游,我姓黄,叫我小黄或伟群都行。我今天有幸陪同大家一起参观,很高兴,希望我能和各位一起度过这一段美好的时光。今天我先带大家去最著名的秦兵马俑。
秦兵马俑在我国西安临潼出土,今天我就带领你们游览这举世无双,享誉世界的历史文物。
看!这就是将军佣,它身体魁梧,头戴鹤冠,身上披着铠甲,手里还握着宝剑,看它若有所思的样子,好象在考虑如何打退匈奴大军呢!
瞧!这个兵马俑是陶马,它的大小跟真马差不多,个个形体键壮,肌肉丰满,看它跃跃欲试的样子,好象一声令下,就会撒开四蹄,腾空而起,踏上征程哩!
今天,我的讲解就到这,档案,先的景点不知这一关额,还有先古城墙,华清池等等,这些景点我都会带你们去的,今天我们就先到这里,大家回去好好休息,然后有一个好的状态再继续我们明天的行程,希望大家今晚能休息好,我们明天见。
篇8:西安优秀导游词
哈喽!欢迎大家来到西安,我是你们的小导游刘琳,我和大家初次见面,请大家多多关照,下面我们就前往清华池吧!
朋友们,我们正在走廊,请大家往前看,那就是黄河母亲,她一身雪白,还抱着不到一岁的孩子,用乳汁哺育这他,这黄河母亲大概有两米多高。我们联想一下我们小时候,妈妈肯定也这么爱你吧!
黄河母亲大家已经看过了,我们就去对面那座山吧!它叫作鸟山,必须坐缆车去。请大家做好准备,缆车要出发了!请大家往下看,这就是清华池,很美丽吧!
好了!大家该下缆车了,我们已经到达鸟山了。请大家往里面走,看!那是八哥!多么可爱呀!大家自己看吧!可不要掉队哦!好了!大家应该看完了,我们下山吧!
look!那是青春泉!听说只要用哪里的泉水洗脸,脸上永远不会有皱纹哦!青春泉的左面是皇上和他的妃子洗澡地方,只要往里面头一两个硬币,就会来年有好运!
好了!今天的清华池一日游结束了!我也要和大家说再见了!请大家不要忘记今天哦!
篇9:西安优秀导游词
华山西岳是我国闻名的五大山岳之一,位于华阴市城南,海拨2200米,北瞰黄河,南依秦岭,"远而望之若花状"(《水经注》),故有其名。又因其西临少西岳,古称太西岳。为国度级风光胜景区。这里有誉为关中八景之一的"华岳仙掌"。
西岳以奇险要秀而驰名全国,自山麓至绝顶,胜景事业极多,古刹道观,亭台楼阁,雕塑石刻四处可见,险径奇石,巧夺天工,更有云海劲松,引人入胜。山顶有向阳(东峰)、落雁(南峰)、莲花(西峰)三峰,皆岿然笔立,直插云霄。三峰之下,有云台(北峰)、玉女(中峰)诸峰环侍拱卫,各具特色,显得山势宏伟,峰峦叠翠耸削。
北峰,亦称云台峰,是总辖四峰的冲腹地方,山势峥嵘,三面悬绝,只有一岭南通,故险峻非常。峰顶有真武宫,依山为屋,叠起层楼,隐映于苍松翠柏之间,周围山色如画,烂漫多姿。
东峰,峰顶向阳台,、是西岳观日出的绝佳田地,故称向阳松林,东峰有甘露池、青虚洞、下棋亭、风筝翻身等景点。听说宋太祖赵匡胤曾在这里和陈抟下棋,功效失败,而将西岳输与阵抟。
南峰,又称落雁峰,是西岳的最岑岭,海拨2200米。附近皆松林,杂以桧柏。迤逦数里,浓阴匝地。南峰上有明代制作的金天宫也称白帝祠。峰顶有老君洞,相传道家始祖老聃隐居于此。洞北有太上皇,泉水碧绿,东注涧下,今称“仰天池”。东面崖下有石坊,称“南天门”。坊外西出有长空栈道,通至贺老石屋。南峰上尚有老子峰、炼丹炉八卦池等胜景事业。
西峰,是西岳最奇丽奇峻的山峰,因峰顶翠云宫前有莲花石,外形如莲花。故称莲花峰。据传说故事《宝莲灯》中的三圣母之子沉香壁山救母之处就在西峰。翠云宫旁有一巨石中裂,形如斧劈,名斧劈石。石旁树立一柄铸铁长把大斧。峰的西北面,笔立如削,空绝万丈,人称舍身崖。另外,尚有西元洞和莲花洞等事业。
西岳爬山阶梯蜿蜓曲折,随处是悬崖绝壁,峭峰陡立,奇险非常。1985年修筑了12公里长的西岳爬山道,对其余险峻处也设有铁链护栏掩护游人的安详,诗词歌赋,使爬山者感想有惊无险。1994年沿昔时人民解放军智取西岳阶梯又修筑了一条爬山台阶路。1996年西岳索道建成营运。“自古西岳一条路”已成为汗青。山上山下,风光区内,新建了旅游饭馆、餐馆、市肆等旅游处事办法,可以满意旅游者吃、住、行、游、购、娱等方面的必要。
篇10:西安优秀导游词
各位游客,大家好,现在我们的目的地是 ——西安碑林博物馆
西安碑林博物馆,位于西安市三学街孔庙遗址,是我国收藏古代碑石墓志时间最早,名碑最多,数量最大的一座艺术宝库,
孔庙遗址是西安碑林博物馆的重要组成部分,其建置历史可追溯到北宋末年,南门照壁上的“孔庙” 两字是由清代书画家刘晖书写的。现在的大门东西开,俗称“礼门”、“义路”。走进博物馆大门内,首先映入眼帘的是一座雕梁画栋的木牌枋,名叫“太和元气坊”。
西安碑林因碑石丛立如林而得名,它始建于公元1087年,距今已有900多年的历史,被誉为“石质书库”、“书法的故乡”。西安碑林是为保存唐代《石台孝经》、《开成石经》而建,经历代不断的整修充实,集中展出了汉魏至明清的碑石墓志1000多件。
游客朋友们,碑林博物馆的参观讲解就到这里,谢谢大家的配合,欢迎大家下次再来参观,谢谢大家!
篇11:西安钟楼介绍导游词
西安城墙除明代在东、西、南、北有四个门:长乐门、安定门、永宁门、安远门外,随着岁月的变迁,城门也发生种.种变化。现在我们除了可以看到这四个门,还可以看到:勿幕门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门、中山门、尚德门、建国门、和平门、文昌门等等,这些名称的来历也从一个侧面反映了古城沉浮衰兴。
明西安城墙显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智,它以悠久的历史,伟岸的雄姿,神秘的色彩吸引了八方游客。好了,西安城墙就参观到这里,我们将继续带大家去参观钟鼓楼。谢谢大家!
钟楼和鼓楼是古代中国城市的特有建筑。钟与鼓本是中国最早出现的打击乐器,它的诞生至少有3000年以上的历史。最初作为祭礼、朝仪、娱神中的礼器和乐器。大约自春秋时期,也就是公元前八世纪开始用于军事指挥。古代中国城市兼有军事城堡性质,除城市四周构筑城墙,挖掘城壕,设置吊桥外,与之配套的还需要在城市中心修筑钟鼓楼作为指挥中枢。平时以晨钟暮鼓报告时辰,定时启闭吊桥,紧急状态是用以报警戒严,指挥城防。这种严密的城市防御系统在明代发展到顶峰。西安是明代西北军政重镇,它的钟楼和鼓楼无论从建筑规模、历史价值或艺术价值各方面衡量,都居全国同类建筑之冠。
我们现在看到的这座建筑就是钟楼。钟楼位于西安市东西南北四条大街的交汇处,占地11260平方米,建筑面积是1378平方米。它建于公元1384年,也就是明洪武十七年,最初位于西大街的迎祥观,距目前位置1000米左右。当时迎祥观是西安市的中心,但钟楼在建成200年后,随着城市中心的东移,城门改建,新的东、南、西、北四条大街形成,位于迎祥观的钟楼便日益显得偏离城市中心。到了明神宗万历10年,也就是公元1582年,在陕西巡抚龚懋贤的主持下,将钟楼来个整体拆迁,迁至今址。据钟楼的碑文记载,移建工程除重新建造基座外,木质结构的楼体全是原样原件。所以耗资不多,工程迅速。
钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格,楼高36米,重檐斗拱,攒尖高耸,屋檐微翘,华丽庄严。由基座,楼身和楼顶三部分组成。基座是正方形,每边长35.5米,高8.6米,全部用青砖砌成。基座四面正中各有一个高和宽都是6米的十字交叉券洞。楼身为正方形木质结构,边长22米,高26米,四面五开间,外面以回廊环绕,里面为二层楼,楼内有木梯盘旋而上。楼内上下两层正方形大厅里,陈列着明代以来各种名贵瓷器及红楠木家具,四面门上布满浮雕画,风格厚朴生动。楼顶为四角攒尖结构,上面覆盖着碧绿色的琉璃瓦,顶端大圆顶高达5米,里面是木心,外贴铜皮,铜皮上再箔敷一层黄金,金光闪闪,辉煌灿烂。
钟楼的西北角上陈列着一口明代铁钟,重5吨,钟边铸有八卦图案。这口钟建造以明成化年间,也就是公元1465年1487年间。但它比钟楼早先悬挂的铜钟却小得多了。钟楼原先悬挂的巨钟是唐代景云年间铸造的 景云钟。现在这口钟收藏于西安碑林。据说,钟楼从迎祥观迁到今址后,虽然楼的式样大小并没有改变,但景云钟却怎也敲不响了陕西西安钟鼓楼、城墙_小三峡_西安古城墙导游词3篇演讲稿。没有办法,只有另换。对于景云钟不响的原因,有人认为它是历世久远,神武有灵 ,不愿被热挪动;也有人说,钟置于室内正好像是 待瓮以呼 ,当时应该移到楼外。但无论如何,这给钟楼的历史又添上一层神秘的色彩。
为了将景云钟移到新建的钟楼上,当年在西大街西段搭起一座斜桥,利用桥面斜坡把景云钟运到了钟楼上。据说 桥梓口也因此而得名。钟楼内西墙上嵌刻有《钟楼歌》和《钟楼记》碑刻。《钟楼歌》是当年修建钟楼的陕西巡抚龚懋贤在解职赴京时登楼所赋
诗中对钟楼做了热情的赞颂。《钟楼记》是督修过钟楼的巡抚张楷所作,详细记述了钟楼的身世。在钟楼的门上有木刻浮雕故事画共64幅,其中有木兰从军、嫦娥奔月、柳毅传书、八仙过海等等。这些木刻浮雕故事,给钟楼增添了不少历史趣味。建国后,西安市人民政府又对钟楼进行了三次大规模修葺,使这座古建筑又焕发了昔日的风采。
与钟楼遥遥相对的是鼓楼。鼓楼位于钟楼的西北角。鼓楼楼底门洞为南北向,北通北院门,南达西大街。鼓楼建于明太祖洪武十三年,也就是公元1380年,比钟楼要早四年,与钟楼是姊妹楼。在鼓楼的第一层北面有一面巨鼓,与钟楼上的晨钟形成暮鼓,所以称为鼓楼。鼓楼占地1999平方米,建筑面积1804平方米。楼体呈长方形,总高33米,基座高8米。基座的门洞高与宽均为6米,洞深38米。鼓楼建筑为重檐歇山式,琉璃瓦覆顶,重檐三滴水。楼分上、下两层。南北檐下各有一块匾,每块匾重约3吨。南边的匾额是:文武盛地 ,为清乾隆皇帝御笔刻书。北面的匾额为 声闻于天,是咸宁县书生李允宽书写。在鼓楼的外檐都饰有斗拱,四面有回廊陕西西安钟鼓楼、城墙_小三峡_西安古城墙导游词3篇陕西西安钟鼓楼、城墙_小三峡_西安古城墙导游词3篇。在鼓楼的三楼有14根红色显柱,24根隐柱交叉立。里面挂有3只大宫灯,12盏中宫灯,16盏小宫灯。天花板上油漆彩绘云形图案,古色古香,十分美丽。1953年,国家拨款对鼓楼进行了大修,设立了文管所,精心保护,使鼓楼更加秀丽巍峨。现在,钟鼓楼交相辉映,使古城西安更加美丽壮观。
好了,钟鼓楼的参观到这里就结束了。谢谢大家!
篇12:西安钟楼介绍导游词
Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Nice to meetyou. Im your tour guide this time. My name is Xu chenxuan. Just call me Xu Daoor Chen Xuan. Now lets start the journey of Xian ancient city wall!
First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the ancient city wall ofXian. The ancient city wall of Xian is also called Xian Ming city wall. It islocated in the central area of Xian, Shaanxi Province. The height of the wallis 12 meters, the top width is 12-14 meters, the bottom width is 15-18 meters,and the outline is a closed rectangle with a perimeter of 13 meters. 74kilometers. The city wall is used to be called the ancient city area, with anarea of 11 square meters. With an area of 32 square kilometers, the famous belland Drum Tower in Xian is located in the center of the ancient city.
In front of us is the main gate of the city wall. There are four gates likethis: Changle gate (East Gate), Yongning gate (South Gate), Anding gate (WestGate) and Anyuan gate (North Gate). The four gates were the original gates ofthe Ming city wall. Because of the military and defense needs at that time, theywere all single door caves, and they all built three walls, and Weng city wasformed between the two walls. So far, except Yongning gate, only two walls areleft in the other three gates.
OK, heres your free time. Please gather here in an hour.
篇13:西安华山英文导游词
Today, we will visit Huashan Mountain, which is known as "stone for lotusand cloud for platform". Huashan Mountain is located in Huayin City, ShaanxiProvince, 100 kilometers away from the ancient city of Xian. It is a branch ofthe eastern Qinling Mountains. It was formed as early as 700 million years ago.It was called "Xiyue" in ancient times. It is one of the five mountains inChina. In December 1992, Huishan mountain was rated as one of the top 40 scenicspots in China. It is tall and steep, magnificent. The five main peaks aretowering, just like a blooming lotus, full of vitality and brilliance. The fivemain peaks are called Dongfeng (Chaoyang peak), Xifeng (Lianhua peak), Nanfeng(Luoyan peak), Beifeng (Yuntai peak) and Zhongfeng (yunnv peak). Among them,Nanfeng is the highest with an altitude of 2160.5 meters, while Beifeng is thelowest with an altitude of 1614.7 meters. Li Daoyuan, a geographer of theNorthern Wei Dynasty, said in shuijingzhu that Huashan Mountain "looks like aflower from a distance.". In ancient Chinese, "Hua" and "Hua" are common, sothey are called Huashan. According to the research of Gu Yanwu, a scholar inQing Dynasty, our ancestor Xuanyuan yellow emperor once lived in the YellowRiver Valley of Huashan and Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province, so the Chinesepeople are called Huaxia descendants. The "Hua" of "China" is named afterHuashan, which has become the spiritual portrayal of the Chinese nation. It canbe said that the Yellow River is the mother river and Huashan is the fathermountain.
I believe that even friends who have never been to Huashan will learnsomething about Huashan from some interesting myths and anecdotes, such as "aroad to Huashan since ancient times", "fairy palm of Huayue", "aloes splittingmountain to save mother", "Huashan discussing sword", and modern wisdom tocapture Huashan. These beautiful myths and stories reflect peoples yearning andworship for Huashan since ancient times.
How did Huashan come into being? First of all, there is a legend: it issaid that when Dayu was harnessing the water, people and gods helped himeverywhere. When the water of the Yellow River led out of Longmen and came toTongguan, he was blocked by two high mountains. Dayu could not help sighing.When the giant spirit heard Dayus sigh in heaven, he immediately came to Dayuby flying clouds and fog, expressing his willingness to help him. The giantspirit seized the top of a mountain in the south. The mountain was split in twoin an instant. Then he opened the mountain in the north with his feet. TheYellow River flowed through the gap. The mountain in the south is divided intotwo parts, the high one is Huashan, and the low one is Taihua. Li Bai has a poemthat "the giant spirit roars and breaks two mountains, and the flood rushes tothe East China Sea.".
Huashan overlooks the Yellow River in the north and Qinling Mountains inthe south. It is known as "Huashan ruli". The whole mountain has simple lines,such as knife cutting and axe splitting. Its unique peaks are abrupt andmajestic. It is known as "the most dangerous mountain in the world".
Huashan is famous for its wonderful and dangerous scenery. Huashan has"five wonders", which are "strange stones", "strange trees", "strange water","strange caves" and "strange roads". Huashan Shiqi, speaking of Qi, is composedof a huge and complete granite. The ancients said, "its not strange that thereare no stones in the mountain, its not strange that there are no pure stones.""Huashan is cut into four directions, its width is ten li, its height is fivethousand Ren, one stone is also called" Daqi ". Huashan has five main peaks,among which the East, West and South peaks are the highest, and the three peaksstand in opposition, "flying out of the clouds and falling into the YellowRiver", known as "three peaks outside the sky". When it comes to danger, the"Changkong plank road" erected in the air, the "Quanzhen rock" engraved on theoverhanging rock, the "Yaozi turning over" with three sides of the air, the"Yaozi turning over" with convex top and concave bottom, and the "qianchitong","baichixia", "Laojun furrow", "chaerya" and "canglongling" dug on theoverhanging rock of the cliff are all extremely dangerous.
Huashan has not only magnificent natural landscape, but also richhistorical and cultural accumulation. It is one of the four famous mountains inChina. Taoist culture has a long history here. Human landscape is everywhere,which makes people forget to return.
Todays tour of Huashan begins with Yuquan temple, which is known as thestarting point of Huashang road since ancient times. Yuquan temple is a famousQuanzhen Taoist temple in northern China and one of the main places for ChineseTaoist activities. It was built in 1049-1051 during the reign of emperorShenzong of the Song Dynasty. It was built by Taoist Jia Desheng for master ChenTuan. It was destroyed and repaired several times before it came into existencein the Ming and Qing Dynasties Now this scale, the name of Xiyi temple, becausethe song Taizu gave Chen Tuan the name "Mr. Xiyi". Later, it was renamedyuquanyuan. The scenic spots in Yuquan courtyard include baishitai, WuyouPavilion, 72 windows, Quanzhen Qizi hall, main hall, Tongtian Pavilion, etc.
Through yuquanyuan, you will embark on the journey of Huashan Mountain fromancient times. This mountain climbing Road is 12.5km long and has 9567 steps.Along the way, you can see the charming scenery of the mountains and thetempting Shinto. There is only one road to a famous mountain since ancienttimes, which is a wonder of the world. It has its own records. The road wasbuilt in the Tang Dynasty. Climbing along this road to Huashan can not onlyexercise and surpass itself, but also cherish the memory of the sages andexpress the feelings of the ancient. At the same time, this road is also themost beautiful scenery of Huashan. Only by climbing it can we really appreciateand understand Huashan.
Along the way, through wuliguan, shaluoping, maonvdong and qingkeping, wearrive at the throat of Huashan Mountain. Here is the dangerous road called"Taihua throat" named "qianchizhuang". It has 370 steps with a slope of 70degrees. Local people have a saying about this dangerous road, which is called"qianchichuang, baichixia, Laojun plough up". After a thousand feet building,the dangerous road with 46 meters high and 91 stone steps is baichi gorge.
After crossing qianchichuang and baichixia, we come to the final difficultyof climbing the north peak. It is said that there was no road here. It wasopened by taishanglaojun driving a green ox with an iron plow. Because the shapeis like a furrow left by plowing, it is called Laojun furrow. In Taoist terms,"Li Gou" means that tourists come here, that is to say, they come to heaven,leave the dust and reach the fairyland.
After Laojuns furrow, he came to the north peak of Huashan Mountain, whichwas named because it was in the north of the main peak of Huayue mountain. It isalso called "Yuntai peak" because the three peaks of Huayue look like flowers inthe distance, and the top of the north peak is surrounded by white clouds, whichis like a platform of white clouds supporting lotus. It is the lowest of thefive peaks of Huashan Mountain, with an altitude of 1614 meters. Shangtong hasfour peaks: Central, South, East and West. It is not only an ideal resting placefor tourists after adventure, but also the best place to enjoy the top of themountain. On October 8, 20__, Mr. Jin Yong ascended Huashan Mountain and talkedabout swordsmen and swordsmen at the top of the mountain, presenting a moderncultural version of "Huashan swordsman".
Standing on the top of the north peak, we can see the main peak shape ofHuashan and other surrounding scenic spots. Its rocks are mainly granite, mostlywhite. Why are all the rocks in Huashan white? Geologists have found that therocks in Huashan have high content of silicon dioxide, so the color is white.Huashan, which is made of white granite, coincides with the main white in thewestern world controlled by the God of Huashan in Xiyue. This is acoincidence.
After touring Beifeng, crossing chaeryan and climbing TIANTI, you come tocanglongling, the most famous scenic spot in Huashan Mountain. Canglongling isnamed for its green and black ridge, winding like a Canglong in the air.
"After the golden gate, its another heavy day." now we are at the famousGolden Gate of Huashan. Jinsuoguan, also known as tongtianmen, is the throatleading to Huashans "tianwaisanfeng". After Tongtian gate, there is Zhongfeng,also known as yunnv peak. It is said that this was once the place where the jadegirl lived in seclusion, so it is also known as "jade girl peak". The jade girlis the daughter of Qin Mugong, one of the five tyrants in the spring and Autumnperiod and the Warring States period. She has a peerless appearance and is goodat playing flute. Now there is another cave in the West peak of HuashanMountain, which is called "the first cave in the world". It is the place wherePrincess Nongyu married Xiao Shixi, a hermit of Huashan Mountain.
After visiting Zhongfeng, you can climb the ladder to Dongfeng. Dongfeng,also known as Chaoyang peak, is 2090 meters above sea level. It is the bestplace for mountaineers to enjoy the sunrise of Huashan Mountain. The main scenicspots of Dongfeng include Botai, Yaozi turning over, chess Pavilion and so on.The kite turning over is known as the second danger of Huashan Mountain. Thecliff is more than ten feet high. When tourists arrive here, they need to climbthe iron rope by hand, step on the stone nest by foot, attach to the wall, andwhen they get near, they have to turn around on their side feet, so it is calledkite turning over.
Now we come to Nanfeng, the highest peak of Huashan Mountain, with analtitude of 2154.9 meters. It is said that geese returning to the north have torest here when they fly over Huashan Mountain, so it is also called Luoyan peak.There is water at the top of the peak. Its called yangtianchi. The water in thepond is not dry for a long time, and the water is not overflowing for a longtime, forming a spectacle. This is also the most concentrated place ofcalligraphy and stone carvings, such as "standing up to heaven", "bathing in thesun and the moon" and "towering in the sky", all of which highlight the heightof Nanfeng from different angles.
After visiting the south peak and passing through the alchemy furnace, youcome to the West peak of Huashan Mountain. Because there is a natural stone leafon the top of the peak, such as lotus petals, it is also called lotus peak, withan altitude of 2082 meters. Cuiyun palace is the best preserved Taoist temple onXifeng mountain. Its dedicated to doulao, the mother of the stars. This is alsothe place where we are all familiar with the story of Chenxiang splitting themountain to save her mother. The extraordinary as if done by the spirits of thenorth peak, we saw the great scenery of the central peak. We saw the beautifulsunrise of the East peak, and felt the high and steep south peak. We enjoyed theessence of Xifeng and enjoyed the wonders of the whole Huashan. We had beendoing amazing work for millions of years in Huashan. It has created abreathtaking and magnificent natural landscape of Huashan, and has accumulatedrich cultural connotations through thousands of years of literary and literarychants. It can be said that Huashan is closely linked with Huaxia, which is thesymbol of the Chinese nation. From the legends and allusions about Huashan, wecan see that it is not only broad, tactful, elegant, deep and serious, but alsohumorous, witty, even romantic and gentle. Isnt this a true portrayal of ourChinese nation?
篇14:关于西安大雁塔导游词
大雁塔建于唐高宗永徽三年,因坐落在慈恩寺,故又名大慈恩寺塔,位于陕西省西安市南郊慈恩寺内,是全国著名的古代建筑,被视为古都西安的象征大雁塔塔通高64.5米,塔体为方形锥体,造型简洁,气势雄伟,是我国佛教建筑艺术中不可多得的杰作。 此塔是玄奘大师从印度(古天竺)取经回来后,专门从事译经和藏经之处。因仿印度雁塔样式修建,故名雁塔。由于后来又在长安荐福寺内修建了一座较小的雁塔,以示区别,人们把慈恩寺塔叫作大雁塔,荐福寺塔叫作小雁塔,一直流传至今。
大雁塔平面呈方形,建在一座方约45米,高约5米的台基上。塔七层,底层边长25米,由地面至塔顶高64米。塔身用砖砌成,磨砖对缝坚固异常。塔内有楼梯,可以盘旋而上。每层四面各有一个拱券门洞,可以凭栏远眺,将长安风貌尽收眼底。塔的底层四面皆有石门,门桅上均有精美的线刻佛像,西门楣为阿弥陀佛说法图,图中刻有富丽堂皇的殿堂。画面布局严谨,线条遒劲流畅,传为唐代大画家阎立本的手笔,是研究中国古代建筑的重要资料。塔南门两侧的砖龛内,嵌有唐初四大书法家之一的褚遂良所书《大唐三藏圣教序》和《述三藏圣教序记》两块石碑,字体清秀潇洒。唐末以后,寺院屡道兵火,殿宇焚毁,只有大雁塔巍然独存。
大雁塔底层南门两侧,镶嵌着唐代著名书法家褚遂良书写的两块石碑。一块是《大唐三藏圣教序》;另一块是唐高宗撰《述三藏圣教序记》。碑侧蔓草花纹,图案优美,造型生动。这些都是研究唐代书法、绘画、雕刻艺术的重要文物。是我国重要的历史遗产。
唐代许多著名诗人登临大雁塔都留下传诵至今的佳句,如杜甫的 “高标跨苍穹,烈风无时休”;章八元的“却怪鸟飞平地上,自惊人语半空中”等。尤其是岑参的《与高适、薛据同登慈恩寺浮图》;“塔势如涌出,孤高耸天宫;登临出世界,磴道盘虚空。突兀压神州,峥嵘如鬼工;四角碍白日,七层摩苍穹。下窥指高鸟,俯听闻惊风;连山若波涛,奔凑似朝东。青槐夹驰道,宫馆何玲珑;秋色从西来,苍然满关中。五陵北原上,万古青蒙蒙。净理了可悟,胜因夙所宗;誓将挂冠去,觉道资无穷”。诗人气势磅礴的描写与富于哲理的感叹,常常在人们登塔时引起共鸣。
篇15:西安优秀导游词
女士们,先生们,叔叔阿姨阿姨夫们,老少爷们娘们们,大家早上*点钟好!
首先,我谨代表旅行社老板,全体老板娘以及全体导游向你们表示热烈的欢迎。为了表示我的热情,我要先给大家唱首歌,为什么要唱歌呢?不是因为我唱歌好听。我唱歌属于高音上不去,低音下不来,中间还走调,但是我为什么还要唱呢?我们旅行社老板说了,你们就是我的上帝,耶稣阿门啥的,你们对我们导游非常重要,你们快乐了我们旅行社老板才快乐,旅行社老板快乐经理才能快乐,经理快乐了我们导游才能快乐。所以为了你们快乐我也得唱。
初次见面,所以在这里呢,送给大家一首歌作为见面礼了:要欣赏先鼓掌(停顿),鼓掌的都是董事长:你未曾见过我,我未曾见过你,年轻的朋友一见面啦,情投意又合。你不用介绍你我不用介绍我年轻的朋友在一起呀比什么都快乐溜溜的她哟,她哟我哟心儿咿个嘿嘿嘿心儿咿个嘿嘿嘿!
我也不会说什么华丽的语言,但我保证我说过的话都灵,我嘴开光啦
我祝愿所有给我鼓掌的朋友长命百岁,我会永远记住你们的,我会永远把你们放在心里。不鼓掌的祝你们打麻将点炮,上厕所忘带手纸,嫖娼挨抓,该!
说了这么多,大家可能还都不认识我,自我介绍一下,我姓x,大家称呼我为小x就行了。小x的年龄保密,体重保密,身高保密,唯一不保密的是我的电话号码,大家需要的可以记一下哈,我的电话是,24小时开机,有什么事直接找我可以了。小x长的虽然称不上是沉鱼落雁,闭月羞花,但是我的笑容绝对的灿烂,我对工作绝对的是认真负责!顺便说一下我们家的门牌号,大家千万不要上错了车。
我听见有人乐了。那现在我给大家隆重的介绍一下咱们的司机师傅,师傅在旅游界是有名的三好先生,车技好,人好,服务态度好!我们俩将互相配合,尽量让你们每个人都满意!同时也希望各位能理解配合支持我们的工作。
篇16:西安优秀导游词
西安位于陕西省关中平原偏南地区,是中国优秀旅游城市之一,陕西省省会。
到西安旅游是许多人的向往,肥沃的关中平原赐予了古城西安优美的自然景观,境内拥有终南山、骊山、翠华山、楼观台等风景名胜区,建有11个森林公园。其境以东还有以险著称的西岳华山,其高度为五岳之首,奇峰耸立,绝壁巍峙,慑人心魄,自然风貌秀美宜人,让人流连忘返。
西安古称长安,历史悠久。“长安自古帝王都”,自周朝起,又有秦、汉、隋、唐等共13个朝代在此定都,是中国六大古都(北京、西安、洛阳、开封、南京、杭州)之首,也是中国古都之中建都最早、朝代最多、时间最长的都城,并与世界名城雅典、开罗、罗马并称为世界四大古都。
奥古斯都曾说:“一座城市的历史就是一个民族的历史”。回首西安历史,秦始皇的千秋霸业成就了统一的伟大中国,汉武帝的披荆斩棘赐予了中国挺立千秋的民族自信,唐太宗的励精图治更使得中国就此开辟了扬我国风的绚烂时代!
故而,被公认为世界历史文化名城之一的西安人文景观颇为丰富,堪称“中国古代社会的历史博物馆”。西安不仅是名贯古今的“丝绸之路”的起点,还是坐拥“世界第八大奇迹”秦始皇兵马俑的“永恒之都”。此外,西安还拥有6000多年历史的半坡遗址、明代建立的藏石碑、唐代高僧玄奘译经之地大雁塔、西北历史最长的清真大寺、世界上保留最完整、规模最宏大的古城墙等等。
古迹镌刻了西安的沧桑与神奇,抒写了西安无数的辉煌与灿烂。秀美的自然风光与雄浑的人文景观共同塑造出西安作为古城所应具有的霸气神韵。
来西安旅游,除了门票的花费外,其他费用并不算高。就拿华山来说,旺季的门票是100,外带有5元的保险,如果还要坐景内的巴士、缆车等,这样下来费用是不低,但是如果是在淡季爬华山,那么门票是半价,走上走下不坐缆车,这样算下来并不贵。淡季其实就是冬季,或者下雪,或者天气比较寒冷,但是华山的管理特别好,下过雪后,台阶都会被清扫过,只要不是乱跑乱跳,绝对不会有问题。就天安的气温,冷也不会太冷。
另外,在西安比较盛行周末出游。没有车的人选择跟户外俱乐部或者是参加一日游,最热闹的地点是陕西可口可乐体育场,也就是西安人说的陕西省体育场,在它的东门,周六和周日一大早七点左右,一排车会停在那里,各类社团的旗帜飘扬,如果你已经预订过,那么找到你预订的车上车即可,如果没有预订,可碰下运气,看哪个社团的车还有座位。跟着这些社团,就可以到西安的秦岭山中的各种名称的山、峪(也就是沟)去做一天的休闲。当然,不要坐错了车,有的社团那天的活动可能是两天的,要问清楚。
如果有车,那就不用说什么了,拿张地图,找几位车友,开着车就进了秦岭山中,小心驾驶,到了有水的地方,可以心情挥洒自己的心情。
西安市区南边的秦岭山脉为西安的周末游提供了天然的场所,这里有很多已经开发或者是正在开发或者是尚未开发的景点,景观,如果你第一次到西安旅游,看到公交车站旁那些背着包、提着手杖,或者还提着山核桃、火柿子的人,不要奇怪,这些肯定是进山徒步、爬山、休闲、垂钓的人们正在返家。
西安的吃相对其他大城市来说,算是便宜的,一个肉夹馍,一碗凉皮足以让一个人吃饱,20xx年物价开始上涨后,虽然西安的餐饮价格也有了大幅度的攀升,但是不求吃贵,只求吃好吃饱的话,那么还是不会太花费的。
西安是古都,去西安旅游,一不小心,可能就把历史踩在了脚下,什么帝王陵,将相墓,只要是西安人,都能说上来几个。西安政府规划和开发了西安曲江池遗址以及周边的景观,建成了大型的休闲场所,有曲江池遗址公园、唐城墙遗址公园、大慈恩寺遗址公园(就是以往的春晓园)、大雁塔北广场及音乐喷泉,大雁塔南广场、大唐芙蓉园,强烈建议选择在日落之时,去感受大唐的辉煌,西安的绚丽,当然,确实有些费电,但置身其中,却会为当世的太平与繁华发出感叹。
篇17:西安英文导游词_导游词范文_网
inside the fourth courtyard, there is a structure called the phoenix pavilion, a place where worshipers wait for services. the pavilion, in fact, is a complex of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure in the central part is adjoined by two three-gabled buildings on each side which make it look like a flying phoenix; hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion there is a fish pond, and beyond it is a platform with an area of 700 square meters. acrothe platform stands the 1,300-square-meter prayer hall. it holds over 1,000 worshipers at a time. the ceiling is decorated with over 600 panels. the walls of the hall, as well as the panels, are decorated with patterns of trailing plants and arabic letters. the shrine at the western end of the hall is where the imam and worshipers chant the koran and pay homage while facing in the direction of mecca.
the moslems in china share much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night.
the constitution of china acknowledges that each citizen has the right freedom of religion, and that each ethnic group has the freedom to preserve or reform its own customs. of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with other ethnic groups, and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
huaqing pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of xi’an. historically, the western zhou dynasty saw the construction of the li palace on the spot. in the qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name lishan tang (the lishan hot spring). the site was extended into a palace in the han dynasty, and renamed the li palace (the resort palace). in the tang dynasty, li shimin (emperor tai zong) ordered to construct the hot spring palace, and emperor xuan zong had a walled palace built around lishan mountain in the year of 747. it was known as the huaqing palace. it also had the name huaqing pool on account of its location on the hot springs.
huaqing pool is located at the foot of the lishan mountain, a branch range of the qinling ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. it is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. so it has the name of the lishan mountain (li means a black horse).
the tang dynasty emperor xuan zong and his favourite lady, yang gui fei used to make their home at frost drifting hall in winter days. when winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. however, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. it owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. this is the frost drifting hall that greets us today.
篇18:西安英文导游词
Dear ladies and gentlemen, today, we are going to visit the Qin army toiletMuseum. Qinbing toilet museum is located 35 kilometers east of Youan city. Ittakes about 50 minutes to get there by car from Sheraton Hotel. Since itsopening on October 1, 1979, the museum has been visited by Party and governmentleaders of many countries, and millions of Chinese and foreign tourists havecome to visit this human miracle. French President Jacques Chirac once said:"the discovery of Qin Bing Ma Bai, the original seven wonders in the world, canbe said to be the eighth miracle. If you dont look at the pyramids, you dontreally have been to Egypt. "If you dont look at the Qin servants, you dontreally have been to China." Former vice president Mundell also said, "this is areal miracle. People all over the world should go there and have a look. " Fromthese highly concise words, we can easily see the historical and artistic valueof Qin Yong. Next, Id like to introduce the first emperor of the case, ahistorical giant who has made great achievements for a generation, so that youcan have a more detailed understanding of the first emperor of the casesmilitary toilet and its related history. When talking about the toilet, we mustfirst introduce the head politics. In 259 BC, a great man named Yingzheng wasborn. At the age of 13, after his father died, he inherited the throne.According to Thai practice, the king was not able to take power until he was 22years old and had a coronation ceremony. At that time, the power of the state ofQin was still in the hands of the empress dowager, the prime minister LV Buwei,and the eunuch muxiu (1606i). Unusual is Luo Zhen. Holding power, hot, he sawWangai gradually grow up, then plot rebellion and seize power. In 238 BC,22-year-old Ying Zheng went to the new year palace in Yongcheng, the formercapital, to hold a coronation ceremony. The fallacy lies in
On the way back to Xianyang from barnian palace, he buried an ambush tokill Yingzheng. When Ying Zheng noticed this, he defeated the helmet with hissuperior forces, captured him alive and killed him by splitting the car. AfterYing Zhengqin, he exiled RI Buwei in the name of LV Buweis indulgence inmarrying Liang. After that, LV Buwei drank poison and sprinkled it to death.
In this way, Yingzheng successfully eliminated the two hostile forceswithin the regime and consolidated its position. In order to further consolidatethe power of the monarch, Huizheng selected a group of elite generals, such asWei Liao, who was in charge of military affairs, and Li Si, who was in charge ofEurope. After that, Yingzheng formulated the policy of making long-distance andshort-range attacks, alienating foreign enemies, and breaking through eachother, and began to unify China, ending the chaotic situation of more than 500years since the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. From 230B.C. to 221 B.C., in less than 10 years, Thailand destroyed six countries,finally completed the great cause of reunification, and established the firstcentralized feudal state, which laid the foundation for the rapid development offeudal societys economy, politics, ideology and culture. This once again showsthe great talent of Yingzheng.
Yingzheng called himself the first emperor because he expected hisdescendants to pass on the regime he founded from generation to generation. Tothis end, he reorganized the bureaucracy. First, he was responsible for all theofficials from the central government to the local government; second, heabolished the enfeoffment system and implemented the county system. Third, QinShihuang also unified laws, characters, currency, weights and measures, etc.These measures greatly promoted the development of politics, economy and culturein feudal society. In addition, he also expropriated labor and extensively builtroads to facilitate transportation and economic and cultural exchanges. Heconnected the Great Wall built by Qin, Zhao and Yan during the Warring Statesperiod, and then extended it to form the Great Wall from Lintiao in GansuProvince in the west to Yinshi in Liaodong Province in the East, whicheffectively curbed the harassment of the nomadic tribes of TJB to the court.Most Chinese emperors built huge and luxurious mausoleums for themselves. Onthis point, the first emperor of the case is no exception. When he ascended thethrone at the age of 13, he ordered the construction of a mausoleum for him.Although eroded by wind, rain and man-made destruction, this huge mausoleum witha height of 120 meters and a circumference of more than 20__ meters is still 76meters high and 400 meters long. The first emperor of the case reduced thecapital Weiyang to his own mausoleum, and its layout is almost the same. Thenorthwest of the inner city of the cemetery is the Xiandian building area, thedepression in the northeast of the cemetery is the fish pond for memorial, thenorthwest corner of the outer city of the cemetery is the stone processingplant, and the outer city of the west of the cemetery is a large cemetery.According to historical records, the total population of the Qin Dynasty wasabout 20 million, and the number of strong men was 7 million. When the mausoleumwas built, the number of strong men reached 700000 at most, which shows thevastness of the project. The mausoleum of the first emperor of the case is likea huge underground palace, which is really an underground "paradise of goodfortune". There is astronomy on the roof of the tomb
In the constellation chart, t is made up of all kinds of bright jewelry,with Wuyue, Jiuzhou and rivers and lakes made up of mechanically driven mercurybelow. In addition, there is no hall for officials to worship the first emperor.In order to prevent stealing power, there are automatic bows and arrows on thedoor of each tomb. The whole mausoleum can be said to be a magnificent, solidunderground crown. The first emperor of the case also moved everything heenjoyed underground for him to enjoy in another world. He did not even let go ofthe maids who had never given birth and the craftsmen who worked hard to buildthe underground mausoleum. He ordered that all these people should be buriedalive when others were in danger, so that the maids would not marry others andthe secrets inside the mausoleum would not be revealed.
At the moment, what we are dealing with is No.1 pit of qinbaiguan, which iscalled "the eighth wonder of the world" of Qins toilet. In order to deal withthe huge military array, you must have the following questions in your mind: Howdid these Qin maids find out? 7 Why did they look different? 7 Why did they makethese chants? How many hundred of them are in pits 1, 2 and 3. OK, now I willanswer your questions. These chants were discovered by Xiyang Caiqu farmers inthe process of drilling wells in March 1974. According to the old people in thevillage, Qin Xiang was found there as early as the Ming Dynasty. One day, therefugees in the village ordered a well in the outer space of the village. Thewater in the well was very clear and gratifying. But the next day, they foundthat the water at the bottom of the well was gone. The audacious of them tied arope around their waist and went down to check. After a while, a scream camefrom the well, and the people on the top pulled the people up. The man said hesaw a standing monster in armor. He reached for him. The listeners were veryafraid and wanted to fill the well with soil as soon as possible. But theyfinally decided to report it to the cultural relics department. After theexploration and identification of archaeological experts, pits T, 2 and 3 in theqintiao museum were identified as the accompanying burial pits of the firstemperor of the case. From 1974 to 1979, after five years of hard work, amagnificent building with scientific structure was erected on the site of Pit 1.This is Pit 1 of the Subing toilet, which was opened to tourists at home andabroad in October 1979. Pit 3 was opened to the public on September 27, 1989,world tourism day. Now, on the site of Pit 2, a marble building has beencompleted. It began to receive tourists in November 1994. Since then, all threepoking pits have been protected
Buildings, no longer subject to wind, sun and rain. For visitors to watch,nostalgic at the same time, archaeologists are still there to continue toexcavate the toilet. According to the survey, No. 1 pit is 330m long from eastto west, 62m wide from north to South and covers an area of 14260m2. At theeasternmost end of Dongkeng, there are 3gf warriors facing east, 7 in each row,with a total of 210 pokes. They are the vanguard of the army. Behind thevanguard is the main body of the army. They are divided into 38 columns,standing in 11 tunnels. Each tunnel is paved with green bricks, and there is acolumn every 2 meters on both sides of the tunnel. The columns support thewooden roof, which is covered with woven "herringbone" mats. The mats arecovered with soil. The whole tunnel is 5 meters deep from the surface. Inaddition, on the south, North and west sides of the tunnel, there are a line ofwarriors facing outward. They are the right wing, left wing and guard of thearmy. At the moment, more than 1000 pottery barrels have been unearthed from Pit1. According to the campaign, more than 6000 military toilets will be unearthedin Pit 1 after all excavation. Its pit 2, which opened in November 1994. It isa square array of chariots, cavalry and infantry. It is estimated that more than1000 soldiers and Dong, and more than 500 chariots, horses and pommel horses canbe unearthed. Pit 2 covers an area of 6000 square meters. Its east part is asmall square array with 6334 curved barrels. In the south of pit No.2, there are64 chariots forming a Na square array, each row has 8 chariots, a total of 8Fei; in the middle, there are 19 chariots and unarmed soldiers with chariots; inthe north, there are chariots and cavalry. In the north is a cavalry formationcomposed of 6 chariots, 124 pommel horses and 124 cavalry. Now, we come to pit3, which is 25 meters west of Pit 2. The pit was discovered in 1976. It isconcave shape, covering an area of 520 square meters. stay
In Pit 3, archaeologists found only one chariot and 64 Samurai stabs. Theystand opposite each other, holding the weapon man (SH6).
篇19:关于西安城墙的导游词
西安城墙景区位于西安市中心区,现存城墙建于明洪武七年到十一年(1374-1378),至今已有600多年汗青,是中世纪后期中国汗青上最闻名的城垣构筑之一,是中国现存最完备的一座古代城垣构筑。呈长方形,墙高12米,底宽18米,顶宽15米,总周长13.74公里。有城门四座:东长乐门,西安宁门,南永宁门,北安远门。呈长方形,墙高12米,底宽18米,顶宽15米,总周长13.74公里。
西安城墙是在唐皇城的基本上建成的。完全环绕“防止”计谋系统,城墙的厚度大于高度,稳定如山,墙顶可以跑车和训练。早在明王朝成立前,当朱元璋攻陷徽州后,一个名叫朱升的隐士便汇报他应该“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王”。朱元璋采用了这些提议。当世界同一后,他便呼吁各府县广泛筑城。朱元璋觉得“全国山水,唯秦中号为险固”。
西安古城垣就是在这个建城的高潮中,由都督濮英主持,在唐皇城旧城基本上扩建起来的。明代扩建后的西安城墙高12米,顶宽12-14米,底宽15-18米。城墙每隔120米修敌台一座,突出在城墙之外,顶与城墙面平。这是专为射杀爬城的仇人配置的。敌台之间间隔的一半,刚亏得弓箭的有用射程之内,便于从侧面射杀攻城的仇人。城墙上共有敌台98座,上面都建有驻兵的敌楼。
篇20:关于西安城墙的导游词
西安城墙不仅是保存最完整的中国古代城垣建筑,也是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡设施。
西安城墙位于西安市中心区,是明代初年在唐长安城的皇城基础上建筑起来的,呈长方形,墙高12米,底宽18米,顶宽15米,东墙长2590米,西墙长2631.2米,南墙长3441.6米,北墙长3241米,总周长11.9公里。有城门四座:东长乐门,西安定门,南永宁门,北安远门,每个城门都由箭楼和城楼组成。自1983年开始的环城建设工程,逐步建成以古城墙为主线,辅以环城绿化,护城河环绕,风格古朴、粗犷,有野趣,具有浓郁地方特色的环城公园。
以城墙为主体,包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、女儿墙垛口、城门等一系列军事设施,构成严密完整的冷兵器时代城市防御体系,为游客直观了解古代战争提供了珍贵的人文景观。
西安城墙是在唐皇城的基础上建成的,城墙环于西安城四周,固若金汤,气势不凡。登上城楼,既能俯瞰西安风光,还可以在城楼上骑单车,观看城楼上的精彩演出。