北京雾霾周末补课吗精选20篇

尊敬的各位家长或监护人：

毕业考试在即，为了弥补学生学习的不足，强化学生基础知识，提高学生的知识水平和考试成绩，学校决定每周星期五晚自习和星期六上半天对九年级补课。为了学生安全，请家长积极配合学校管理学生，家校共同承担教育责任，协定如下：

一、补课说明

1、本次补课纯属学生及家长自愿，学校尊重学生和家长的自主选择。

2、不愿意补课的同学，不作强行要求，请家长电话告知班主任即可。

3、补课时间：星期五晚自习(17:30-20:40)，星期六上到14:20，学生立即回家。

4、伙食团正常营业，学生可到伙食团就餐。

5、学生有病或者有特殊事情时家长必须提前亲自到校或电话为学生请假，所耽误的课时任务学校将不再单独补习。

6、学校有权对不遵守纪律的学生进行批评教育，严重者可以通知家长，双方进行教育。

二、安全要求

1、凡补课期间，校内安全责任事故由上课教师和学校负责，校外一切安全事故由家长或监护人负责，特别教育学生补课期间遵守交通规则。家长必须叮嘱学生上学放学路上的安全,上学放学路上发生事故,学校概不负责。

2、家长必须加强对孩子交通安全教育和防溺水安全教育，严格监控学生的时间。

3、对无故缺席的学生发生的安全事故学校不承担任何责任。

4、家长对回家较晚或离家较早的学生要注意动向，及时打电话与学校联系，若因晚归或早到造成的事故学校不承担任何责任。

5、严禁学生骑自行车和摩托车上学，如违反规定造成的损失由当事人自己承担全部责任。

6、特殊情况不能到校的，家长要向班主任请假。上放学、恶劣天气家长要接送学生，危险路段家长要护送学生。

7、学生违反纪律经老师严肃批评，学生由此赌气离走，学校应及时联系家长或因家长问题未能及时联系，若学生出现安全问题，则学校免责。

8、学生在学校要爱护公物，如有损坏照价赔偿。

9、家长应提供真实的家庭地址，电话号码，手机号码，以便学校及时联系。

三、本协议一式两份，需学生、家长认可后签字生效

学生签名：家长或监护人签名：联系电话：

学校负责人：

班主任：

任课教师：

_____年___月___日

石京龙滑雪场位于北京市延庆县，距北京市区80公里，是北京一处新兴的滑雪场所。滑雪场采用国际先进的造雪设备，雪道宽敞，场内设有一条双人吊椅式缆车，行业知识，四条拖牵式缆车，每小时可运送600名滑雪者上山，并由国内有经验的教练现场指导，对初、中、高各级水平的滑雪者都很适合。雪场还专为儿童开设了狗拉雪撬、雪地滑圈等集娱乐趣味于一体的项目，此外雪场还有雪地摩托、骑马、射箭、滑翔等诸多如今最热门的游乐项目。

石京龙滑雪场交通线路：从德胜门乘919路公交车到延庆，然后再转乘920可到。自驾车可由马甸上八达岭高速，大约1小时可到。

石京龙滑雪场门票价格：108元/人

原“西水峪风景区”已改名为“黄花城水长城旅游区”，这里有山有水有长城，风景优美，景色迷人，有“塞外景，江南风，尽在水长城”的美誉。

基本介绍

黄花城水长城旅游区位于北京市怀柔区九渡河镇境内，距北京市区65公里，是以奇而著称，融山川、碧水、古长城为一体的旅游休闲胜地。而这里的“三绝景”更是引人入胜，叹为观止：

“一绝”建于明永乐年间的长城盘旋于山脊之上，环绕在灏明湖畔，景色秀美壮观。

“二绝”湖水将长城自然断开，形成长城戏水、水没古城垣的奇特景观。

“三绝”明代板栗园，古树盘根错节，形态各异。那巨龙戏珠之躯和撑掩苍天之冠，令人嘬舌赞不绝口。

沿古道、过木桥、涉小溪、跨怪石，上行可达黑龙潭。途中，龙尾洞、紫翠峰、醉女山、石浪谷、情人峰、三珠连潭等自然景观更是令人心旷神怡，流连忘返。

寻幽怀古，回归自然，请到黄花城水长城旅游区!

今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院，现在我先为大家作个简单介绍。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

各位朋友，现在我们已经进入故宫。这里是故宫第一进院落，首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

好，下面请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场，这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。好!这里可以拍下远处太和殿的全景，各位可以在此留个影，过一会儿，我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。

太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间，进深5间，规模为紫禁城内大殿之最。装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示第一，那是皇帝认为老子天下第一思想的体现。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。

各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场，自乾隆皇帝以后，这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束，现在请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息，我们10分钟后集合，谢谢大家!

各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即前朝和后寝。前朝是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。后寝是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。现在，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即后寝。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块正大光明匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有无为二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

好啦，各位朋友，故宫中路的讲解到此结束。

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓x，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见，好，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

故宫占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙环绕，还有宽52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永乐四年，也就是14XX年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段，第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料，而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年，1417年六月开始动工兴建，历时XX年，在永乐十八年，1420年完工。在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的，布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制：前朝后寝，左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分，南半部位前朝，北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心，外东路、外西路的建筑为主，是皇帝处理日常政务和后宫皇妃居注祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的：在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙，西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体，所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中，成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。现在在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线，被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线，全长8.5公里，南起永定门，北到钟楼，其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一，这条中轴线也叫做龙脉，线上的景山是内城的中心点，也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙(形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后可以从这里入宫，科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中通过。

进入午门，我们首先看到的就是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边还有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门，就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫，都要在太和门换车，而且皇帝大婚的时候，皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事：在光绪皇帝大婚前夕，太和门突然被火烧毁了，可是大婚皇后要从这里经过，所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠，连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门，才使得婚礼如期进行，而在第二年，太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场，它面积有3万多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。现在我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了，它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上，台基南北长230米，高8.13米，在四周围还建有一些楼阁，其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑，面积有2377平方米，通高35.05米，面阔11间，进深5间。其实在明朝奉天殿的时候，这里市面阔9间，进深5间的大殿，到了清朝年间，将它改为了现在的大小，其实在两侧的夹室是封闭的，不能作为正殿使用，所以实际上还市面阔9间，进深5间，同时，也将它改名为太和殿。太和二字出自于《周易》中的：“保合大和”，而太和的观念是上古天人和一观念的延伸，强调了君臣之间，人与自然之间还有个民族之间的和-谐。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻，往下还有11个垂脊兽，在我国古代，异兽的数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。在殿内有72根大住支撑，当中的六根是沥粉贴金云龙图案的金柱，上面支撑了藻井，再藻井当中雕刻有蟠龙，龙口中衔有轩辕镜。轩辕二字出自于我国古代天文学中的轩辕星，意思就是轩辕黄帝之星，也是掌管雷雨之星，在殿顶上建有藻井，一是为了代表当朝的皇帝才是中华民族的正统继承人，第二则是起到了镇火的作用。

各位阿叔、阿姨你们好，非常荣幸能够成为大家这趟北京旅游的全程导游，我姓杜，大家喊我或者X导都可以，我是金秀大山旅行社的导游，在这里谨代表金秀大山旅祝愿大家旅游愉快，满载而归！

我的金秀话、桐木话讲得不是很正，不过总还可以听得懂吧！还是我讲白话、英语、普通话，我样样都会讲句把而已。不过我们这次是去北京旅游，大家在北京都是要听普通话的，北京导游也不会讲我们金秀话，在这里我也讲普通话吧，给大家适应一下，不然到了北京，北京的导游讲普通话，大家讲听没懂就麻烦了。

车上有哪位阿叔、阿姨到过北京咧，举一下手哦。北京是中国的首都，大家都懂得哦，那请问北京还是哪个国家的首都？

北京有2500年的建都历史，在中国历史上曾经做过16国的古都，其中最出名的就是明朝、清朝和现在中国的了。所以到了北京，大家要竖起耳朵，听我和北京的导游讲讲北京的历史了，北京有很高、很漂亮的街道和房子，同时有更加多好听的故事，所以到北京要7分听，3分看。当然，我们也会留有充足的时间，给大家照相。

不到北京，您不知道自己官小；不到香港，您不知道自己钱少；不到上海，您不知道自己的楼小；不到天津，您不知道社会主义有多好；不到海南岛，您不知道自己身体不好；

没有到北京之前，我给大家几个任务哦，做到了有奖励哦。

把北京的财气、福气、喜气带回来——

喜气——在故宫里的大花轿，（中国最后一次举行皇帝结婚的轿子——光绪皇帝大婚）；

福气——和珅家里的福字碑（康熙皇帝给自己母亲60大寿亲笔题的“福”字）；

财气——北京角楼里的貔貅，是北京三大风水神兽，龙生九子中的第九子。只有嘴巴，没有屁，只吃钱为生的。所以貔貅也是民间作为招财的神兽。

（这三种气都是要摸的，怎么摸？到北京我将给大家听）

把北京最出名的三座建筑带回来：天安门，毛主席纪念堂，鸟巢

把北京的三位名人带回来：毛泽东、周恩来（天津）、邓颖超（或者孙中山）

再加上北京的特产，中国美食之首——北京烤鸭。刚好10个任务，十全十美，大家讲好不好！

在这里，我跟大家讲一讲旅游的注意事项，有些阿叔、阿姨可能没有跟旅游团出去玩过，有些东西可能不太懂！

第一， 大家一定要放开心事来玩，开心的玩，好不容来一次北京嘛，不好整天想家里的鸡有没有人喂，花有没有人帮淋，孙子吃得好咩！！统统都不要想这么多，家里人自然会带好的。所以第一点，大家这趟出门一定要放开心来玩；

第二， 是安全问问题。这里主要包括生命的安全和财产的安全。人身的安全，我们就不提了，虽然我们公司给每一阿叔、阿姨都购买了保险，但是我们都不希望他有用，对吧？财产的安全，就需要大家自己重视了，我知道大家身上都或多或少的有一些贵重的东西，比如现金啊、相机、手机等等，我们导游会很罗嗦，每天不少于三次提醒大家“随时、随地、随身携带好贵重物品”;

第三， 纪律问题。我们从现在开始就算是一个团队了，团队就要有团队纪律了。纪律1:大事申请小事汇报（独自离团，叫大事；上厕所等叫做小事，呵呵）2:遵守时间，我们说多少点集中，就请大家自觉准时集中，要不然，你等我，我等你，会耽误很多游览时间；3:照相，在北京有些地方是不许照相的，例如毛主席纪念堂、人民大会堂、玉器城等等，这些地方要是乱拍照会被没收相机的；4:不许随地丢垃圾、吐痰，北京的城管很严的，会罚很重的，50—100元一次；5:公共场合不许吸烟，景区、饭店等等都不能啵！5:不能开政治领导人的玩笑，因为被北京人听到就不好了。

第四， 吃饭问题。我们次趟北京之旅，是全部包餐的，只要到了吃饭时间都有饭吃，大家不用自己去找吃的。总共吃9个正餐5个早餐，一个正餐在飞机上吃。但是我们出门在外，吃的，可能不像家里那么自由、那么好，而已我们的旅游团餐是15元，每个人，总共150元，150元在金秀、桐木都没吃的什么好的，更加不用讲北京了，所以大家要做好吃苦的准备，大家怕咩？我们是做8菜一汤，每桌10个人，5个荤菜3个素菜，饭随便吃的，保证大家吃得饱，但是，说要吃得好，就很难讲了。

相信你们出门前，也听别人讲过，北京旅游吃得很差的，几天一点肉都没有，北京人不吃肉的！！！其实这是因为太多旅行社竞争了，大家一个比一个少，最后只有在吃住上面扣了。这次，大家选择了我们，我们一定会尽全力做好。不过，还是要给大家打个预防针先。

另外，我们两广人也比较挑食了的，人家北京很有钱的老板，早上也是个把馒头加根葱就够了，就是正餐也是一般的，哪像我们。另外，北京的口味偏咸，喜欢放很多的酱油、八角来煮菜，所以味道比较重，我们广西人一般都吃不惯，不过我们公司已经跟北京的旅行社、餐馆联系好了，尽可能的按照我们广西人的口味来做饭菜。

不过有些东西，还是改不了的，比如北京没有米粉，大家不要我讲“小杜啊，我们没用什么的，有一碗螺丝粉就得了”我还真是做不到；另外，北京人一般不吃粥，不喝汤的，所以在北京粥叫做稀饭，稀得可以照镜子的粥，清的可以梳头的汤；豆浆是咸的，包子不放糖的。以前经常有阿叔、阿姨跟我讲“北京人不会做包子的，难吃死了，喊我来做肯定好得多”.这就是南北的差别了。

第五， 住。我们在北京最好了，5个晚上住在同一家酒店里，大家晚上想洗什么都可以。不过啊，小杜跟大家讲，少洗点东西，第一，耽误你休息；第二，浪费水啊，北京是一个严重缺水的城市。北京人最怕河南人和广西人了，河南人吃得多，广西人天天要洗澡。一到酒店，大家就等着看吧，人家一定会讲“广西人又来洗澡了”或者“广西的洗澡团又来了”.

我们今晚到酒店的时候，大家先把行李全部拿下车，在酒店大堂等我，我去拿房间钥匙，然后谁要跟谁住的，跟我讲一声，房间都是两人间的，你要是想一个人住一间房，就要加钱了，我想也没有必要，是吧，原则上夫妻住一间房，要是想跟人家老婆，或是老公住一间房的，你们就自己商量了，我不管，但是不要吵架就好了，也是！跟自己老婆住几十年了，可能分不开了，是吧！

房间里一般有一次性拖鞋，使用纸做的，建议大家不要穿，很滑，打赤脚不要紧的，干净的；房间里也有毛巾、一次性牙刷、牙膏、洗发水，还有烧开水的水壶，都是可以用的，但如果有香蕉、苹果、饼干矿泉水，或者一些性用品，大家就不要用了，这些是要付费的，比外面贵很多。

另外，我每天晚上，都会把大家检查房间，有什么都可以跟我说，比如不会开房门啊，水不热啊，电视不会开啊，等等，只要记住我住那间房，或者我的电话就可以了。

我们常规的旅游团一般住在北京三环左右，北京现在又6个环，第六环一圈又60公里，所以我们住得已经算很市中心了，现在北京有多大呢？中国最大的城市，面积,人口,所以大家到北京之后说“我们住的地方在那里？可以走到天安门吗？”要走可以，可能要一天。天安门附近都是古代的博物馆、国家行政中心、或者超级贵的高级酒店，我们没有办法住在那里的。

另外北方人，不逛夜市的，普通的商店6点钟关门，最繁华的商店、步行街晚上9点前也都关门的，在我们南方、桐木，我们刚出来逛街咧。车上有哪一位阿叔、阿姨有亲人在北京吗？要是需要探亲访友的，记住要他们来找您，不要自己去找，北京太大了，您很难找得到的。北京的的士起步价是10块，打的士正常要60以上，才能到得了目的地。若是大家晚上真要出门走走，一定要3、5个人一起。 我们住的是准三星的酒店，空调、彩电、独立卫生间、热水都一应俱全，保证干净卫生，但是不一定会是很新的酒店，希望大家谅解，不过我相信大家都能够接受的，是吧。

第， 游览。在北京我们的主要的景点有一下11个：天安门广场、毛主席纪念堂、人民大会堂、故宫、景山公园、八达岭长城、明十三陵之昭陵、鸟巢、奥林匹克中心、颐和园、天坛公园等等，具体行程等下我会发给大家，每人一份。现在我要跟大家说的是游览景点过程中的注意事项：

1、 上厕所（我们中老年人因为身体的原因，每天要上好多次厕所，所以在这里我要跟大家说，我是大家的全程陪同导游，大家大大小小的事都可以跟我讲，包括上厕所，我们去玩的景区一般都好大的，在景区里您自己要去找厕所，不容易找得到，也容易迷路、掉队，所以有人要上厕所，跟我说一声，我会安排的，好不好！另外出门在外，我们为了文明一点，一般把上厕所叫做唱歌！）

2、 景点的游览循序。我们去玩的景点，有些景点是正门进，后门出的，有些是同一个门进出的，大家要自由参观的时候，我们会说得很清楚，在这里先给大家提个醒。比如北京故宫前后8个门，那个门集中，要注意一听哦！要不然走丢了很难找的，我去北京这么多次，基本上每一次有人走丢，要么是在景区里，那么实在唱歌的时候。

3、特产店，这次在北京的5天里，我们会有5个购物店，分别是卖玉器的、卖貔貅的、卖首饰的、卖北京土特产的，卖金泰蓝的。我们希望每一位团友配合一下我们的工作，每一个购物点待购40到50分钟。买不买随便大家，绝对没有强制。

最后， 购物。如果大家有跟过旅游团外出旅游的就知道了，我们的旅游都会去参观旅游纪念商品点和土

在这里我提醒一下，我希望大家尽量少买东西，因为我们是到北京旅游的，不是到北京买东西的，大家说对不对？？那，给个掌声给我吧！！！因为你们买的越多，我得的提成就越多，但是我现在都叫你们不买了，我就没有提成了。开玩笑的！！！！但是，这些话，我只能够在这里讲，到了北京就不能讲了，大家在北京的时候也不要跟北京的导游说，我们杜导说，叫我们不要买的！！！那样我可能就没有办法和你们一起回来了。不过，我还是要提醒大家，超过100块钱的就叫贵重的东西了，你要买的时候，要看好，要慎重，最好不要来问我，“小杜，这个东西值不值？”我不好回答的。

我们安排的购物点是非常值得去看看的，里面的东西，说句难听的话，有些东西您可能一辈子都没有见过，比如，我们去的玉器城非常大，有几千种，最贵的要几百万，便宜的几块也有，还有景泰蓝，高中课文里就有介绍，它在清朝以前，只有皇帝和皇帝的家人才可以用，是国宝的，但现在大家不买，也可以参观了。大家就当成多去几个旅游参观点了，随便看看，就当看看“大蛇拉屎”了。

另外，告诉大家，我们去的购物点的东西都相对外面的要贵点的，不贵导游吃什么，对吧！！但是我们旅行社去的购物点都是保质量的，大家在一点上可以放心，建议大家不要在路边买那些东西，特别是吃的，比如北京的烤鸭、果脯，购物点里卖60元，外面卖16块、8块，说实话16元的，我不敢买。

北京是一个国际旅游城市，满大街都会有很多买小东西的人，大家要特别注意那些肥肥胖胖的阿姨，她们好多是东北的，东北人的脾气很差，你问了价钱，又不买，她们会骂人而且骂得很难听的！！我们也不希望闹事嘛！！不过这种事，在桐木都会发生的，是吧！

第一， 娱乐（增加景点）北京大大小小有200多个景点，有公园，有博物馆，有看表演、看相声，看杂技等等五花八门都有，北京的导游为了挣点钱，都会推荐大家去，说实在的，有些地方也是很值得去的，我刚才不是说了吗，建议大家少买东西，多看景点，毕竟大家是来旅游的嘛。我在这里给大家推荐几个吧，比如说中国历史上最大的贪官和珅的家——恭王府，皇帝没有的，他都有，他的家是很值得去看看的，而且和珅为什么这么受乾隆皇帝的宠爱，这里有很多故事的，而且北京的福气就在他家。建议大家在北京，可以参加两个到三个自费的景点吧，大概200多块左右。不过去不去，完全是自愿的，绝对不强制。我们参考少数服从多数吧，如果少部分人不去，就只能在外面等了。

第二， 行（车）。我们在北京的5天多时间，都是做同一辆汽车，大家就：上车睡觉、下车尿尿、景点拍个照，回来一问全都不知道。每天都是上车，下车，吃饭，睡觉。蛮辛苦的！！北京很大，景区和景区之间都是坐车去的，走不到的，大家可能还不知道吧，长城离北京有多远，70公里。

第三， 次趟旅游，我还要提醒大家做好吃苦的准备，很多出去旅游过的人回来都说，旅游比做工都要辛苦。因为早出晚归，中午又不能睡觉。北京比我们金秀、桐木早半个时区，意思是说，北京的天亮比我们早半个钟头，晚上天黑也早半个小时。另外，北京的天气很干燥，大家一定要多喝水。

就先说到这里吧，大家看我也说了差不多一个钟头了，跟老师上一节课一样了，我们一路上还有很多时间，再慢慢说，好不好！！

在这里，我仅仅代表金秀大山旅行社，和我本人祝愿大家旅游愉快，满载而归！！（鞠躬）

天安门广场位于北京市中心，南北长880米，东西宽500米，面积达44万平方米，可容纳100万人举行盛大-，是当今世界上最大的城市广场。

天安门广场记载了北京人民不屈不挠的革命精神和大无畏的英雄气概，五四运动、一 二九运动、五 二○运动都在这里为中国现代革命史留下了浓重的色彩。新中国成立后，天安门广场拓宽，并在广场中央修建了人民英雄纪念碑，后又分别在广场的西侧修建了人民大会堂、东侧修建了中国革命博物馆和中国历史博物馆、南侧修建了毛主席纪念堂。

天安门城楼坐落在广场的北端。天安门建于明永乐十五年(1420xx年)，原名承天门，清顺治八年(1651年)改建后称天安门。城门五阙，重楼九楹，通高33.7米。在20xx余平方米雕刻精美的汉白玉须弥基座上，是高10余米的红白墩台，墩台上是金碧辉煌的天安门城楼。城楼下是碧波粼粼的金水河，河上有5座雕琢精美的汉白玉金水桥。城楼前两对雄健的石狮和挺秀的华表巧妙地相配合，使天安门成为一座完美的建筑艺术杰作。

1949年10月1日，毛泽东主席在天安门城楼上宣告中华人民共和国成立，并亲手升起第一面五星红旗。从此天安门城楼成为新中国的象征，它庄严肃穆的形象是我国国徽的重要组成部分。

颐和园是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林，中国四大名园(另三座为承德避暑山庄、苏州拙政园、苏州留园)之一。位于北京市海淀区，距北京城区十五公里，占地约二百九十公顷。利用昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖风景为蓝本，汲取江南园林的某些设计手法和意境而建成的一座大型天然山水园，也是保存得最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为皇家园林博物馆。

颐和园(Summer Palace)原是清朝帝王的行宫和花园，前身清漪园，为三山五园(三山是指万寿山、香山和玉泉山。三座山上分别建有三园清漪园、静宜园、静明园，此外还有附近的畅春园和圆明园，统称五园)中最后兴建的一座园林，始建于1750年，1764年建成，面积290公顷,水面约占四分之三。

乾隆继位以前，在北京西郊一带，已建起了四座大型皇家园林，从海淀到香山这四座园林自成体系，相互间缺乏有机的联系，中间的“瓮山泊”成了一片空旷地带。乾隆十五年(1750年)，乾隆皇帝为孝敬其母孝圣皇后动用448万两白银在这里改建为清漪园，以此为中心把两边的四个园子连成一体，形成了从现清华园到香山长达二十公里的皇家园林区。

咸丰十年(1860年)，清漪园被英法联军焚毁。光绪十四年(1888年)，慈禧太后以筹措海军经费的名义动用银两(据专家考证，应为500至600万两白银)，由样式雷的第七代传人雷廷昌主持重建，改称颐和园，作消夏游乐地。

到光绪二十六年(1920xx年)，颐和园又遭“八国联军”的破坏，许多珍宝被劫掠一空。光绪二十九年(1920xx年)修复。后来在军阀混战、-统治时期，又遭破坏，1949年之后政府不断拨款修缮，1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。20xx年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 20xx年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。颐和园拥有多项世界之最、中国之最。

Is the bIrthplace of ChInese CIvIlIzatIon and one of the sIx ancIentcapItal cItIes In ChIna. DurIng the last 3000 years It served as a capItal forseveral dynastIes. It Is the second largest cIty In ChIna wIth a populatIon ofmore than 11 mIllIon. Is neIther cold In wInter nor very In summer. The bestseasons In are SprIng and Autumn. BeIjIng Is Indeed an Ideal place to vIsIt allround the year.

Temple of Heaven In the southern part of BeIjIng Is ChIna`s largestexIstIng complex of ancIent sacrIfIcIal buIldIngs. OccupyIng an area of 273hectares, It Is three tImes the area of the ForbIdden CIty. It was buIlt In 1420for emperors to worshIp Heaven. The prIncIple buIldIngs Include the Altar ofPrayer for Good Harvests, ImperIal Vault of Heaven and CIrcular Mound Altar.

ForbIdden CIty, so called because It was off lImIts to commoners for 500years, Is the largest and best-preserved cluster of ancIent buIldIngs In ChIna.It was home to two dynastIes of emperors -the MIng and the QIng - who dIdntstray from thIs pleasure dome unless they absolutely had to.

Great Wall of ChIna, Also know n to the ChInese as the 10,000 LI Wall, theGreat Wall of ChIna stretches from ShanhaIguan Pass on the east coast toJIayuguan Pass In the Desert. Standard hIstorIes emphasIze the unIty of thewall.

THE FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(Infront of the meridian gate)

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It isthe largest and most well reserved imperial residence inChinatoday. Under MingEmperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14 years to build theForbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter,it continued to be the residence of 23 successiveemperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizationrecognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, orZi Jin Cheng (Purple ForbiddenCity), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided theconstellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Starwas called the Constellation ofHeavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperorwas supposedly the son of the heavenly gods,his central and dominant positionwould be further highlighted the use of theword purple in the name of hisresidence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became ametaphor for auspicious events after apurple cloud was seen drifting eastwardimmediately before the arrival of anancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the HanghuPass. Here, purple isassociated with auspicious developments. The word jin(forbidden) isself-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded andoff-explanatoryas the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits toordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace wallsand roofs are also symbolic. Redrepresents happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earthon the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became animperial color during the Tang dynasty, whenonly members of the royal familywere allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden Cityis rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from northto south and 750meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roofarea 150,000square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter―high wallwhich enclosesthe complex. Octagon ―shaped turrets rest on the four corners ofthe wall.There are four entrances into the city: the MeridianGate to the south,the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, andthe Xihua Gate(Gateof military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )tothe west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) tothe east.

Manpower and materials throughout thecountry were used to build theForbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers wereemployed. Marble wasquarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County inHebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Pavingblockswere fired in kilns in Suzhou in southernChina. Bricksand scarletpigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southernregions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entranceto the forbidden City. It is also knowsas Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Mingemperorsheld lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of theChinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place forpunishingofficals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building toannounce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremonyfrom ban li(announcement ofcalendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )toavoid coincidentalassociation with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which wasconsidered a tabooat that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place tohold audience andfor other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperialarmy returnedvictoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperorpresided overthe ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate andstanding in front of the Five MarbleBridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Beforewe start our tour, I would liketo briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To completethis solemn, magnificent and palatial complex,a variety of buildings werearranged on a north-south axis, and8-kilometer-long invisible line that hasbecome an inseparable part of the Cityof Beijing. The Forbidden City coversroughly one ?third of this central axis. Most of the important building in theForbidden City weree arranged along this line. The designand arrangement of thepalaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal courtand rigidly ?stratifiedfeudal system.

The Forbidden Cityis divided into an outer and an inner count.We are nowstanding on the southern most part of the outer count. In front of us lies theGate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite andbiggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ballis said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one ofits foreclaws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperialsuccession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functionsbothas decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the riverrepresentthe five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness,rites,intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and thenorth-southaxis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled thecountryon behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden Cityconsists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yardcovers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and theGate of HeavenlyPurity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, CompleteHarmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking themin bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (ProminentScholars)and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on aspacious“H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of thetripleterrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marblebalustradescarved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stonestaircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is alsothetallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all ofChina.From thepalace of Heavenly Purith northward is what isknown as the inner court,which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are thePalaceof Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Unionand Peace and Palace of EarthlyTranquility, aplace where the Emperors lived with their families and attended tostateaffairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in whichconcubinesand princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within theinnercount, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. Aninner Golden Water Riverflows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook windsthrough three minorhalls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It isspanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble ?carvedbalustrades.

Most of thestructures within the Forbidden City haveyellow glazed tileroofs.

Aside from giving prominence to thenorth-south axis, other architecturalmethods were applied to make every groupof palatial structures unique in termsof terraces, roofs, mythical monstersperching on the roofs and colored, drawingpatterns. With these, the grandcontour and different hierarchic spectrum of thecomplex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradiseonly has 10,000 rooms, the Sonof Heaven on earth cut the number by half aroom. It is also rumoured that thishalf ?room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library).As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units,this half-room is nonexistent.The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si KuQuan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of SupremeHarmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall ofSupreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its kingin the Forbidden City. Thisstructure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know forits upturned,multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on atriple“H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8 meters high and linked by staircases.The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upperstairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burneddown three times and was severely damaged onceduring a mutiny. The existingarchitecture was built during the Qing Dynasty.On the corners of the eaves aline of animal-nails were usually fastened to thetiles. These animal-nails werelater replace with mythical animals to ward offevil spirits. There arealtogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded bythe ancients to be the largest numeral accessibleto man and to which only theemperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperorsduring the Ming and Qingdynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was alsoused for ceremonies whichmarked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice,The Chinese Lunar New Year,the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title ofempress, the announcement ofnew laws and policies, and dispatches of generalsto war .On such occasions, theEmperor would hold audience for his courtofficials and receive theirtributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers atotal of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, thisplace inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In themiddle of thesquare there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor.On both sides ofthe road the groud bricks were laid in a special way sevenlayers lengthwise andeight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all.The purpose of this wasto prevent anyone from tunneling his way into thepalace. In the count yard thereare iron vats for storing water to fight fires.In the whole complex there arealtogher 308 water vats. In winter time, charcoal was burned underneath the vatsto keep the water from freezing .

Why so vast asquare? It was designed to impress people with the hall` sgrandeur andvastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, theyellowglazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled withthecurling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony intoafairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed,crane-shapedcandleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pinebranches burntin front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beatenand musicalinstrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel knowinsubmission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three,His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, thesuddendrum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He wassoscared that he kept crying and shouting,"I don’t want to stay here."

Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?

Whats the weather like in Beijing?

Beijings cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. Whatsthe wind blowing in winter? Whats the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round

You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. Its neither cold nor hot. Its an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. Its a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; its a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.

Id like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is Tianyun.After you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but dont call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdont add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager Cixi.Eunuch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. Whats the specialsignificance of this day? My mothers birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizus birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I cant be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that Im not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesnt matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyones activities in Beijing these days.

In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National Peoples Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Lets give him some applause first!

Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.

People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they wont be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "Kao! Its really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, its still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat it.The principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedont have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. Youd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).

Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we havent arranged to watch acrobatics. Imvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from acrobatics.Chinas trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic Games.Chinese people can be proud to announce to the world that we cant do football,we cant do track and field, we cant do swimming pool, but we cant do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you dont go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.

The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xian to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddhas head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch peoples heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch peoples heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Cant get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!

Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of Beijing.Now lets briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.

Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing

Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.

The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / 3.There are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.

To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because its expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although its cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.

The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you dont go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.

Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year round.Now we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperors harem three thousand, so many women we cant do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijings tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.

So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called girl.Generally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I dont call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I dont care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I dont call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.

This is Beijings address, Tianjins address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she wont call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your fathers ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your fathers younger brother is not uncle. In a word, itsbasically shouting. Thats what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for holidays.Tianjin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.

The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is Sanyuanqiao.It takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International Airport.Expressway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.

Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis "three yuan"? The imperial examination system is called "three yuan". Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong Sanyuan.Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called childrens examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is "Jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of rites.The examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is "Huiyuan"; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the examination.The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.

Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the peoples heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesnt matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian gate.It was just a wooden archway, which means "to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven". However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperors respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tiananmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed daian, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed daihe, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.

This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of "Jinfeng imperial edict" was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new China.The portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.

The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.

In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and right.The one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male masters foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into todays Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the peoples feelings.The one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.

Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Changan Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Changan left gate and Changan right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Changan that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Changan, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.

In ancient China, there was a saying of "wendongwuxi", so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governors office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.

Now we cant see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.

On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a "mountain". The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand peoplesCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National Peoples Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.

In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.

Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the peoples heroes.According to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese peoplesPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the peoplesheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sichengs design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. Thats what we see today.52.8.1 was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.

The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote "the peoples heroes are immortal". On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the peoples heroes who died in the peoplesLiberation War and the peoples revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the peoples heroes who died in the peoples Liberation War and the peoplesrevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand peoples freedom and happiness, the peoples heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the river.On both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the peoples Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.

To the south of the monument to the peoples Heroes is the chairmansmemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairmans death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Chinese Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairmansbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairmans poem "Manjianghong" is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old revolutionary.Now the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.

Behind the chairmans memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now its the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairmans memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.

In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of Chinas nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.

The original flagpole base of Tiananmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.

The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.

The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.

各位游客，大家好!我是今天的导游王钰凯，大家可以叫我王导。今晚，我很高兴和大家共同欣赏北京美丽的景色，共度这段美好的时光，预祝大家玩得愉快!

游客们，你们知道吗?每当夜幕降临，北京就亮起来了。整个北京城变成了灯的海洋，光的世界。

各位游客，现在我们所在的位置是长安街。长安街华灯高照，川流不息的汽车，灯光闪烁，像银河从天而降。天安门城楼金碧辉煌，光彩夺目。广场四周，彩灯勾画出一幢幢高大建筑物的雄伟轮廓。

环形路上，一座座立交桥犹如道道彩虹。街道上，照明灯、草坪灯、喷泉灯，装点着美丽的北京。

焕然一新的王府井、西单商业街上，明亮的橱窗，绚丽多彩的广告、五光十色的霓虹灯，把繁华的大街装扮成了比白天更美的“不夜城”。有兴趣的游客可以用你的相机留下这美丽的景色。

各位亲爱的游客朋友们，我们今天的游览就要结束了，非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处，请大家批评指正，谢谢!

亲爱的游客们，这天由我来当大家的导游，我感到十分荣幸。期望在这完美的一天给大家带来快乐。

游客们，此刻我们来到的是长廊，你看它多美呀!红漆的栏杆，绿漆的柱子一眼望不到头，这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。说到这儿，你有点不信了吧，但是这的确是真的，这能表现出多少劳动人民的智慧才修建成这美丽的长廊。

走完长廊，如果大家想到昆明湖中心的小岛上玩，就务必透过一座石桥。这座石桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥;桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。

颐和园的旅程就到那里了，亲爱的游客们，再见。

大家好，我是导游王佳硕，大家叫我王导好了。欢迎大家来北京旅游，此次北京三日游将由我为大家导游，服务。

为了保障大家玩得开心快乐，希望大家注意以下几点：注意安全、按时归队、保管好自己的贵重物品、注意环境卫生、遇到情况及时和我联系。

下面我先给大家介绍下北京的大概情况北京是我国的首都，是一座美丽的城市。天安门在北京城的中央，红墙、黄瓦，又庄严，又美丽。天安门前面是宽阔的广场。广场中间矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。北京有许多又宽又长的柏油马路。道路两旁，绿树成荫，鲜花盛开。北京新建了许多立交桥。立交桥的四围有绿毯似的草坪和拼成图案的花坛。各种车辆在桥上桥下来来往往，川流不息。北京有许多名胜古迹和风景优美的公园，还有许多新建的高楼大厦。站在高处一看，全城到处是绿树，到处是大楼。

北京的景点有很多，我们将要参观的景点有：故宫，颐和园，圆明园，天安门，居庸关长城……

大家好!时间过得好快，三天的快乐旅行就到此结束了，欢迎大家下才再来北京!再见!

大家好!各位长途旅行辛苦了。

首先代表北京青年旅行社欢迎各位朋友的到来。来到中国。来到首都北京参观游览。请允许我向大家做个简单的自我介绍。我叫__x。来自于__x旅行社。将做为大家此次之行的导游。而为我们大家驾车的司机姓x，入乡随俗，在北京称司机为师傅，所以大家叫他x师傅就可以了。

对我的称呼就会随意一些了，就直呼我的名字叫__x吧。

接下来在北京的行程就由我和王师傅共同为大家服务，相信我和x师傅默契的配合，热情周到的服务，会让大家在北京渡过一个快乐，难忘，有意义的假期，同时大家在旅游活动过程中有何想法和建议，可以直接告诉我或司机师傅，也可以讲给你们的领队让他来转告我。

在可能并不超出我职权范围之内的事情我一定会尽力的帮助大家。同时也希望大家在此次之行中可以支持并配合我的导游服务工作。在此先前大家致敬感谢了!

朋友们，大家好：

欢迎大家来到这里，下面我来为大家介绍一下北京!

北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。

北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。

北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。

明十三陵导游词

明十三陵，世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区，国家AAAAA级旅游景区。下面是第一范文网带来的明十三陵导游词，仅供大家参考。

篇一：明十三陵导游词

各位朋友：

大家好!随着车子的启动呢，我们今天的旅游活动也就正式地开始了。非常高兴今天能有机会陪同大家一道参观十三陵。

举世闻名的十三陵，坐落在北京昌平区境内的燕山山麓。在周围40平方公里的范围内，埋葬着明代的13位皇帝，23位皇后以及众多的嫔妃、太子、公主以及从葬宫女等。说到这里，有熟悉中国历史的朋友心里面也许会产生疑问了：明朝一共有16位皇帝，为什么这里只埋葬了13位呢?要回答这个问题，就要追述一下明朝的历史了。明朝的开国皇帝朱元璋，将都城建在了今日的南京，死后就葬在了南京钟山的“明孝陵”。因为太子朱标早死，所以就传位给了长孙朱允炆。而永乐皇帝朱棣就是从他的侄子朱允炆手里夺得帝位的。朱棣以入京除奸臣为名，发兵南下。建文皇帝朱允炆就在这次浩劫中下落不明了。有人说当时宫中起火被烧死了，也有人说出家当了和尚，这在明朝的历史上还是一个悬案，所以没有陵墓。明朝的第七位皇帝朱祁钰，是因他的哥哥英宗朱祁镇在“土木堡之变”中当了俘虏，宫中不能一日无主的情况下才做了皇帝的。后来英宗被放回来，在他的心腹党羽的策划下搞了一场“夺门之变”，英宗复辟又做了皇帝。朱祁钰死了以后，英宗不承认他是皇帝，把朱祁钰在十三陵区域内修建的陵墓捣毁了，并把他以“亲王”的身份葬在了北京西郊的金山口。这样，明朝的16位皇帝，有两位葬在别处，一位下落不明，其余的13位都葬在这里，所以统称“明十三陵”。十三陵是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。

十三陵建在一个天造地设的优美的山区里，距离京城大约50公里，整个陵区的面积约为40平方公里。十三陵的陵区是依照风水的原理进行选址和营建的，因为我国古代的人们不论是在兴建房屋或是修筑陵墓等，都十分地讲究“风水”。而皇帝更是自命不凡，不仅生前要过豪华的生活，死后还想继续享受，因此就把对陵地的选择看得至关重要。在选择陵址的时候，必须要选择有山有水、自然环境良好和能够“聚气藏风”的好地方。而十三陵正是这样一处好地方：整个陵区的东、西、北三面群山环绕，南面还有龙山和虎山分列左右，形成了一个天然的门户，正符合风水中的“左青龙、右白虎”之说。中间就像一座巨大的庭院，陵区内还有温榆河水自西北向东南蜿蜒流过，形成了陵区内的抱水。整个陵区以长陵为关键，以大宫门——长陵一线为中轴，北面则以天寿山为镇山。背山面水，聚气藏风，确实是一块理想的陵地。

永乐皇帝之所以选中现在的天寿山，也是经过不少周折的。“靖难之役”以后，朱棣在南京称帝，当时他为了政权的巩固，已经决定迁都北京了。在永乐五年的时候也就是1420xx年，朱棣的徐皇后去世，当时朱棣为了表示自己迁都北京的决心，就派礼部尚书和风水术士廖均卿等人前往北京选择“吉壤”。据说曾选了好几个地方。首先选中的是口外的屠家营，但因为皇帝姓朱，与“猪”同音，而“屠”是宰杀的意思，猪进了屠家肯定必死无疑，所以犯忌讳不能用。另一处选在昌平西南的羊山脚下，猪和羊本能和睦相处，可是偏偏山后有个村子叫“狼儿峪”，猪旁有狼更危险，也不能用。后来又选过京西的燕家台，可“燕家”与“晏驾”谐音，也不吉利。因为古代的皇帝死亡，除了叫“驾崩”以外，也叫“晏驾”。潭柘寺的景观虽好，但山间幽深狭窄，不利于子孙万代的发展，也不宜采用。后来才来到了现在的天寿山。天寿山那时候叫做黄土山，永乐皇帝亲自视察以后，觉得非常满意，当时就下旨，定黄土山为他的“万年吉壤”。这一年也正是他五十大寿之年，所以封黄土山为“天寿山”。从永乐七年【1420xx年】开始建长陵，一直到明朝的最后一位皇帝崇祯葬入思陵为止，明十三陵的营造工程，历经230余年都不曾间断。

十三陵从建成到现在已经有300~500多年的历史了，地面上的建筑也曾遭到过多次严重的破坏，其中最严重的一次是在清兵入关时期。那么清兵为什么要大规模的破坏十三陵呢?因为在明朝末年的时候，清太祖努尔哈赤在东北崛起，直接威胁着明朝的安全。结果有人就说什么清兵之所以强盛与他们祖坟的风水有关系，如果将他们的祖坟捣毁就可以消灭清兵。而满族的祖先是金人，金代的祖坟就在北京的房山。明朝的天启皇帝朱由校竟然信以为真，果然就派人前往房山捣毁了金陵，并建了一座关帝庙在那镇着。当然这种方法是不能把清兵镇压下去的。结果清兵入关以后，采取了同样的报复手段，对明十三陵大加破坏。到了清朝乾隆年间，为了笼络汉人，乾隆曾经下令修缮过明陵。可是到了民国时期【1920xx年左右】，当地的土豪劣绅为了争夺产权，又对十三陵进行了大规模的破坏。直到新中国成立以后，经过不断地修整以及绿化美化，我们才得以在今天去一睹它的庐山真面目。现在十三陵已经成为我国闻名中外的旅游胜地。

各位朋友，以上我给大家介绍的就是十三陵的概况，目的就是为了让大家对十三陵有一个初步的了解。景区里面的情况我会在到达景点以后，再详细地向大家介绍。

篇二：明十三陵导游词

明十三陵是中国明朝皇帝的墓葬群，坐落在北京西北郊昌平区境内的燕山山麓的天寿山。这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。

明代术士认为，这里是"风水"胜境，绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。明末清初著名学者顾炎武曾写诗描述这里的优胜形势：“群山自南来，势，若蛟龙翔;东趾踞卢龙，西脊驰太行;后尻坐黄花(指黄花镇)，前面临神京;中有万年宅，名曰康家庄;可容百万人，豁然开明堂。”这一优美的自然景观被封建统治者视为风水宝地。该陵园建于1409～1644年，距今已有300～500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里，是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。20xx年明十三陵被列入《世界遗产目录》。世界遗产委员会评价：明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙地安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑和装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续五千余年的世界观与权力观。

本文来自织梦

明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝陵墓的皇家陵寝的总称，依次建有长陵(成祖)、献陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(宪宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、庆陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗)，故称十三陵。十三陵是明朝十三个皇帝的陵墓。明朝历经十六帝，为什么叫十三陵呢?明朝开国皇帝朱元璋，建都于南京，死后葬于南京钟山之阳称“明孝陵”。第二帝朱允文(建文帝)因其叔父朱棣以“靖难”(为皇帝解除危难之意)为名发兵打到南京，建文帝不知所终。有人说出家当了和尚，总之是下落不明(这在明朝历史上是一个悬案)，所以没有陵墓。第七帝朱祁钰，因其兄英宗皇帝被瓦剌所俘，在太后和大臣的旨意下即了帝位。后英宗被放回，在心腹党羽的策划下，搞了一场“夺门之变”，英宗复辟，又坐了皇帝。明十三陵(14张)朱祁钰被害死，英宗不承认他是皇帝，将其在天寿山区域内修建的陵墓也给捣毁了。而以“王”的身份将他葬于北京西郊玉泉山。

织梦内容管理系统

去十三陵的路上，必要经过昌平西关，自然会看到李自成铜像。据说，这座铜像始建于1994年，作者是著名的雕塑家张照旭。原放置在北京德胜门外十公里的小营口，也就是当年李自成向北京城进军的地方，后来为了修高速公路，就把李自成塑像移到了昌平西关，放在了十三陵门口。李自成是一个典型的悲剧人物。他造反20xx年，执政仅仅42天。真正登上大顺王朝的宝座，也就是一两天。在他身上最明显地体现了“其兴也勃焉，其亡也忽焉”的周期率。

篇三：明十三陵导游词

现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，那即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。

明朝永乐皇帝朱棣在1420xx年派了一些风水术士到北京选择“吉壤”，其实就是吉祥的土地，准备修建陵寝。当时这些人找了很多地方，但是都不成功，开始他们选在了口外的屠家营，可是皇帝姓朱，与猪同音，犯了地讳。然后又选在了昌平西南的羊山脚下，可是后面有个村子叫“狼口峪”，这样岂不是更危险!后来选过京西的“燕家台”，有与“宴驾”同音，太不吉利了。最后直到明永乐七年，才选定了现在的这片天寿山陵区，在周围有蟒山，虎峪，龙山和天寿山。这里正符合了阴阳五行中四方之神的所在位置，就是东青龙，西白虎，南朱雀，北玄武，还有温榆河经过这里，真可以说是风水宝地。从此可见当时皇帝要为自己修建一个陵寝要耗费多少精力啊。随后，就开始修建了长陵，经过四年终于竣工了。那明朝历代的皇帝，也陆续在这里修建了陵寝。而且从1409修建长陵一直到1644年明王朝灭亡，这200多年间，明十三陵的营建工程从来没有间断过。在这方圆40平方公里的范围，埋葬了明代十三位皇帝，二十三位皇后，还有许多的妃子，太子等等。可是这里也没能够完整的保留下来，在清兵入关以后，为了报复金人将清太祖的祖坟毁掉，所以就将这里烧了。

后来在乾隆五十年的时候，为了笼络汉人，就下令修缮陵区。在新中国成立以后，对这里进行了大规模的开发，并且开放了的长陵、定陵和昭陵，其中定陵的地宫已经被发掘了。现在这里已经成为了全国重点风景名胜区，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。现在大家可能在想：明朝不是有十六个皇帝么?怎么在这里只有十三个皇帝的陵寝?其实原因很简单，明太祖朱元璋因为建都南京，所以他的陵墓当然就在南京啦，也就是明孝陵;而明朝第二个皇帝建文帝，因为被朱棣夺取了皇位，尸骨下落不明，所以这里就没有他的陵墓;在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的时候，他曾经被宦官王振怂恿，率军亲征，后来在河北怀来的土木堡被瓦刺军俘虏，这个事件称为“土木之变”，一国不能无君，所以他的兄弟就被册封为景泰帝，而后又上演了英宗重新夺取皇位的“夺门之变”，所以在十三陵中没有景泰帝的陵墓，他以亲王的礼节被安葬在西郊的金山口。这样一来，大家一定都明白了为什么这里叫做十三陵了。

现在大家沿途看到的这一个石牌坊，就是陵区的标志，是嘉靖年间制造的。这个牌坊是5间6柱11楼，高有14米，宽达到了28.86米，是现在国内保存下来最大、最精美的石牌坊，上边的图案装饰也都是云龙图案，反映了皇家建筑的特点。

大宫门就是陵墓区的正门儿，也叫大红门。门是南向的，分三洞，在这个门里边就是陵墓区。在门两侧都有刻着“官员人等至此下马”的下马碑，因为当时规定这些人进入陵区都是要步行，否则可是要治罪的。而且这里也是禁区，不是一般老百姓可以随便进入的地方，严重的是要被斩首的。而进了这个门儿，也就走进了贯穿陵园南北，能够直接通到长陵陵门的神道，明朝的神道，也是我国历代修建的帝王陵中神道最长的，其实他的主要作用就是让皇帝灵魂通过的地方，全长有7公里。

我们一边走着，就可以看到前边有一个碑亭。这个碑亭是重檐歇山顶的建筑，里边有赑屃驮着巨碑，这个就是长陵的神功颂德碑，正式建立于1435年，正面就是永乐皇帝的长子朱高炽写的颂德碑文，有3000多字，而背面则是在乾隆五十年撰写的《哀明陵三十韵》，里边详细记录了陵墓的破损情况。碑身的东面是清政府修缮陵墓的花费，西侧则是在嘉庆九年论述明王朝灭亡的原因。

过了碑亭，我们继续沿着神道行走，会发现在神路两侧，都有很多石雕。其实这里一共有36座石雕，叫做石像生。紧挨着碑亭后边的是两根石望柱，接下来就是狮子、獬豸、骆驼、大象、麒麟、马，各有四匹，按照先卧后立的顺序排列。然后是武臣、文臣和勋臣各有四人。修建这些，都是为了体现帝王生前的仪仗和死后的尊严。所以体积都非常大，雕刻的都非常精细。而且这些也都象征着皇帝在生前可以得到尊崇，到了死后也是同样得到尊崇。，各方神圣和文武百官还是要为我独尊。

再往前走，就可以看到一座棂星门，也叫龙凤门，取天门之意。在这个三门六柱的门中央位置上，有三个火焰宝珠，所以这里也被叫做火焰牌坊。

我们其实一直都是沿着神道来前进的，来回顾一下，先是石牌坊，然后到了大宫门，现在我们就要已经进入了长陵了。碑亭，石象生，过了龙凤门，还有一段路程就可以到达长陵的陵门了。而我们所说的整个陵墓群的中轴线其实也就是这条贯穿陵园南北，全长共7公里的神道。

说到长陵，它是明十三陵中的第一座陵，始建于1420xx年，在1420xx年全部建成，是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，当朱元璋死后，朱棣就以靖难为名，从北平发兵攻下南京，并且从当时的皇帝朱允文手中夺得了皇位，改年号为永乐，这件事历史上称之为靖难之役。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝，当了皇帝以后仍然为了巩固明朝的统治而连年征战，并且在1420xx年做出了迁都北京的重大决定。在他所统治的明朝年间，国库充实，政局稳定，而且还命人写作了《永乐大典》这部我国历史上最大的类书，派郑和七下西洋，发展了各国之间友好关系。而他的贤内助徐皇后，也就是明朝开国元勋徐达的女儿也是一位有中国古典美的女性，她曾经编写了《内训》和《劝善》用以化育人心，在用了五年的时候病逝了。值得一提的是葬入长陵的第一个人并不是朱棣，而是徐皇后。长陵共占地10公顷，中轴线由陵恩门，陵恩殿，明楼，宝城和宝顶共同组成。陵墓共有三进院，第一进院是从陵门道陵恩门，可以看到左右两侧各有一个小碑亭，但当时上面都没有文字，现在的文字是清顺治皇帝写上的。陵恩殿坐落在陵墓的第二进院落中，在1412，明永乐十四年建成，是供奉牌位和举行祭祀活动的地方。它面阔九间，进深五间，是重檐庑殿顶的建筑，殿内有60根楠木柱，中间的四根直径都达到了一米以上，是国内最好的楠木殿。原来陵恩殿中陈列有大佛龛，现在已经没有了，取而代之的是后人制作的永乐皇帝坐像，大家可以绕道坐像的后边来看一下，可以看到椅背上刻有一条龙，而龙头则正对着万历皇帝的头部，这象征着皇帝是真龙天子。而四周则是出土文物的展览。

在中殿后面的就是后殿，它是地宫中最大的一个殿，高大9.5米，长31米，宽9.1米，地面上铺设的是磨光的花斑石。在后殿中设有白石镶边的棺床一座，中央有一个长型方孔，中间填的是黄土，也就是选择墓穴时的第一铲黄土，叫做金井，它是整座陵寝建筑格局的基本点。在棺椁四周和棺椁内放有玉石，或者在死者口中含有玉石，称为玉葬。之所以这样，是因为古人认为金井可以沟通阴阳，交流生气，而玉葬能够保持尸体不腐烂。金井玉葬在明清两代是最高等级的葬礼。当然这些都是古人的理想而已，没有什么科学根据。在棺床的上安放有万历皇帝和两位皇后的棺椁，还有装随葬品的26个木箱。

按照皇帝陵寝的规置，后殿只是安放皇帝棺椁用的，那为什么两个皇后的棺椁也出现在这里呢?这个现象在史料中是没有明确记载的，可是根据专家推测：在万历四十八年的时候，先是孝端皇后病逝，接着七月就是万历皇帝去世，而他的儿子朱常洛也在即位29天死于红丸案，在这短短百日之内，死了两位皇帝，一位皇后，还有孝靖皇后还要迁葬，这么巨大的任务都压在了刚刚即位的皇帝朱由校身上，所以准备工作十分的仓促。而且当时正好是雨季，安放皇后的配殿不方便打开，于是皇帝皇后的棺椁就都从正门进去了。可是到了地宫发现配殿的甬道太窄了，皇后的棺椁进不去，所以只好将它们一并放入了后殿当中。现在大家可以明白地宫中棺椁的摆设呈这样是怎样一回事儿了吧。那好，现在就请大家跟随我走出地宫。

随着参观定陵的活动结束，我们今天的明十三陵之行也将近尾声了，相信大家一定都为这座巨大的帝王陵墓群而感叹，随着我国文物保护工作的不断开展，国家投入了大量的资金修缮明十三陵，这座规模宏大的帝王陵寝也将被永久的保存下去。同时，我也希望各位游客能对这里留下美好的印象，欢迎各位下次再来参观。

明十三陵导游词

明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山，因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此，故称十三陵。明十三陵，世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区。下面是第一范文网小编为大家整理的明十三陵导游词，欢迎参考!

明十三陵导游词篇1

明十三陵是中国明朝皇帝的墓葬群，坐落在北京西北郊昌平区境内的燕山山麓的天寿山。总面积一百二十余平方公里，距离北京约五十公里。 这里自永乐七年五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。

十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。 明代术士认为，这里是“风水”胜境，绝佳“吉壤”。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的“万年寿域”。

十三位皇帝陵墓分别为：长陵(成祖)、献陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(宪宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、庆陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗)。景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。

明十三陵导游词篇2

明十三陵是明朝十三位皇帝的陵墓总称，位于北京西北郊,是全国现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多皇陵建筑群之一。陵区群山环抱，陵前有河水蜿蜒，山清水秀风景殊胜。来此可以参观建筑、风景，也能了解古代皇帝的丧葬规格。

明十三陵是个统一的整体，而各陵又自成一体，每座陵墓分别建于一座山前，陵墓规格大同小异。陵与陵之间距离少至半公里，多至八公里。除思陵偏在西南一隅外，其余各陵均呈扇形分列于长陵左右。十三陵中目前仅开放有“长陵”、“定陵”、“昭陵”和“神路”。

神路

神路位于十三陵南端，是通往十三陵区的通道，总长约7公里，也是明十三陵的第一个景点，由石牌坊，大红门，碑亭，石像生，龙凤门组成。神路的最南端是石牌坊，它是我国现存最大、最早的石枋建筑。石像生位于从碑亭北的两根六角形的石柱起，至龙凤门止的千米神道两旁，整齐地排列着24只石兽和12个石人整齐地排列着，造型生动，雕刻精细，为我国古代陵园中罕见的精美石雕，也是神路最大的看点。

长陵

长陵位于天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游点之一。

定陵

定陵坐落在大峪山下，位于长陵西南方，是明代第十三位皇帝神宗显皇帝朱翊钧(年号万历)的陵墓，同时还葬有他的两个皇后。主要建筑有祾恩门、祾恩殿、宝城、明楼和地下宫殿等。它是十三陵中唯一一座被发掘了的陵墓。其地宫可供游人参观。

昭陵

昭陵位于大峪山东麓，是明朝第十二代皇帝穆宗庄皇帝朱载垕(年号隆庆)及其三位皇后的合葬陵寝。现存有完整的祾恩门、祾恩殿及其东西配殿、方城、明楼、宝顶等。昭陵是十三陵中第一座大规模修葺复原的陵园。

明十三陵导游词篇3

明十三陵，坐落于天寿山麓，距离北京约五十公里。陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为，这里是"风水"胜境，绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。该陵园建于1420xx年，距今已有300—600多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里，是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。

十三陵是一个天然具有规格的山区，其山属太行余脉，西通居庸，北通黄花镇，南向昌平州，不仅是陵寝之屏障，实乃京师之北屏。太行山起泽州，蜿蜒绵亘北走千百里山脉不断，至居庸关，万峰矗立回翔盘曲而东，拔地而起为天寿山(原名黄土山)。山崇高正大，雄伟宽弘，主势强力。明末清初著名学者顾炎武曾写诗描述这里的优胜形势：“群山自南来，势若蛟龙翔;东趾踞卢龙，西脊驰太行;后尻坐黄花(指黄花镇)，前面临神京;中有万年宅，名曰康家庄;可容百万人，豁然开明堂。”这一优美的自然景观被封建统治者视为风水宝地。

明十三陵，既是一个统一的整体，各陵又自成一个独立的单位，陵墓规格大同小异。每座陵墓分别建于一座山前。陵与陵之间少至半公里，多至八公里。除思陵偏在西南一隅外，其余均成扇面形分列于长陵左右。在中国传统风水学说的指导下，十三陵从选址到规划设计，都十分注重陵寝建筑与大自然山川、水流和植被的和谐统一，追求形同"天造地设"的完美境界，用以体现"天人合一"的哲学观点。明十三陵作为中国古代帝陵的杰出代表，展示了中国传统文化的丰富内涵。

这种依山建陵的布局也曾受到外国专家的赞赏，如英国著名史家李约瑟说：皇陵在中国建筑形制上是一个重大的成就它整个图案的内容也许就是整个建筑部分与风景艺术相结合的最伟大的例子。他评价十三陵是“最大的杰作”。他的体验是“在门楼上可以欣赏到整个山谷的景色，在有机的平面上沉思其庄严的景象，其间所有的建筑，都和风景融汇在一起，一种人民的智慧由建筑师和建筑者的技巧很好地表达出来。”英国城市规划家爱德蒙 培根也高度评价了明十三陵的艺术成就，他认为“建筑上最宏伟的关于‘动’的例子就是明代皇帝的陵墓。”他指出：依山而建的陵墓建筑群的布局“它们的气势是多么壮丽，整个山谷之内的体积都利用来作为纪念死去的君王。”他们形象生动地描绘了明陵建筑与自然景观的有机结合。

20xx年明十三陵被列入《世界遗产目录》。世界遗产委员会评价：明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙地安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑和装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续五千余年的世界观与权力观。

明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝陵墓的皇家陵寝的总称，依次建有长陵(成祖)、献陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(宪宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、庆陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗)，故称十三陵。景区已开放景点有长陵、昭陵、定陵、神路，是中国历代帝王陵寝建筑中保存得比较好的一处，20xx年，国家旅游局批准明十三陵景区为国家5A级旅游景区。

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明十三陵导游词范文4篇

明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山，因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此，故称十三陵。下面是第一范文网小编为大家整理的明十三陵导游词字范文，欢迎参考!

明十三陵导游词范文1

各位朋友，过一会儿，我们将要参观十三陵景区。首先，我为大家介绍一下。明十三陵是世界上埋葬皇帝最多，保存最完整的古代皇帝陵墓群，陵区内葬有明朝的十三个皇帝，二十三个皇后及诸多嫔妃、太子及公主等。

明十三陵始建于公元1420xx年，位于北京北部的昌平区境内，距市中心50公里，整个陵区是个小盆地，以天寿山做为天然屏障，左右有龙山、虎山，守住门户，是理想的“风水宝地”。在这个小盆地内，扇形分布着十三个帝王陵。那么是谁相中了这块风水宝地呢?明朝有十六个皇帝，那此处为何只有十三座陵呢?别着急，请听我细细道来。

明太祖朱元璋建立明朝，定都南京，死后葬在了南京的明孝陵。他临死传位给皇太孙朱允文，这使得当时被封为燕王的朱棣非常不满。为什么呢?因为他是朱元璋的四儿子，当时他的三个哥哥都以*，论资排辈，他才是理所应当的皇位继承人。于是为了争夺皇位，叔侄子俩打了起来。这就是历史上长达四年的“靖难之役”。最后，朱棣夺了皇位，而他的侄子朱允文却不知所终，既不知所终，当然无法建陵，于是明朝的前两位皇帝的陵一个在南京，一个未建皇陵。

朱棣做皇帝以后，改年号为永乐，希望天下太平，永远快乐，但人岂有不死之理?于是在他继位后不久，便一直筹划着两件大事：一是迁都北京;二是在北京周边地区为自己及子孙们找一块万年寿域。经过多次筛选，最后才相中了昌平北部的黄土山，后改为天寿山。永乐皇帝死后与他的徐皇后葬入了十三陵最早且最大的皇陵——明长陵。

到了明代第六位皇帝正统及第七个皇帝景泰的时候出了点乱子，由于正统皇帝御驾亲征被俘虏，他的弟弟被推上了台，做在了哥哥的位置上，成为新皇帝。并改年号为景泰。新皇帝改年号为景泰，希望从此好景常在，国泰民安，但是这年号未能应验，而是好景不长。正统皇帝被放回后，兄弟二人明争暗斗，后来正统皇帝复辟成功，重新登上了座宝。胜者为王，败者为寇，可想而知景泰皇帝的下场，先被降为王，连死后也未能葬在十三陵，而是以亲王礼制葬在了颐和园西侧的金山口。重新登上王位的正统皇帝改年号为天顺，前后做了20xx年皇帝，死后葬在了十三陵的裕陵，自此以后，直至亡国皇帝崇祯，死后都葬在了十三陵陵区内。现在各位都明白为什么明朝有16个皇帝区却只有13个陵了吧!今天十三陵景区已被列为国家重点风景名胜区，每天都有来自世界各地的朋友前来参观。

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各位朋友，请往右侧的窗外看，这是十三陵陵区的标志性建筑物——石牌坊，它是我国保存至今的最大的石牌坊，共有五门六柱十一楼，建于公元1540年，至今已有四百六十多年历史了。

现在请大家往前看，前方有一个大门，门开三洞，这便是明十三陵陵区的正门——大宫门。因其颜色为红色，故又称之为大红门。在大宫门的左右各立有一座皇帝下马碑，上书“官员人等至此下马”，在古代皇帝到这来祭陵，至此也必须下马。原来在大宫门的两侧连有40公里长的围墙，设为禁区，重兵把守。其实就是一座为*皇帝而设的“紫禁城”。明朝规定，每年大祭三次，小祭四次。皇帝每次祭陵便在大宫门前下马进入陵区。

在大宫门之后依次是碑亭、石象生、棂星门，这条路被称为神路，下面我把神路上的建筑向各位做一简介。大家请看前面的碑亭，里面是长陵的神功圣德碑。正面是碑文，列述永乐皇帝的功绩，碑的背面是清乾隆皇帝写的《哀明陵三十韵》，碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录，西侧是清朝嘉庆皇帝论述明亡的原因。

在碑亭之后便是整齐地排列于神路两侧的石像生，何为石像生呢?其实就是些石人、石兽等，即为象征生命的石雕，它们将为*的帝王们在另一个世界提供服务。十三陵的神路上有石兽24只，包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马和大象，每种兽4只，两立两卧。此外还有石人12个，即文臣、武将、勋臣各4人。

在神路的尽头是棂星门，俗称龙凤门，当地人又称其为火焰牌坊，此处意为“天门”，即皇帝皇后等人的棺樽通过此门后，灵魂便升入了天堂。

我们马上就到了，请大家收拾一下随身物品，带好照像机，我们准备参观十三陵之首——长陵。

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各位朋友，我们现在来到了明十三陵中最大，年代最久的众陵之首——长陵。长陵位于天寿山下，始建于公元1420xx年，先后历时四年建成，陵内葬有明代第三位皇帝——朱棣及徐皇后。

永乐皇帝初为燕王，后从侄子朱允文手中夺得皇位，因他在北京起家，又考虑到北京地势的重要性，于是在1420xx年自南京迁都北京。除长陵外，北京的紫禁城、天坛等建筑都始建于明永乐年间，为后人留下了不少著名的建筑。他厚文重武，安内攘外，不但在军事上修筑长城，而且又派人编著了举世名著——《永乐大典》。不但发展农业，让百姓安居乐业，又派郑和下西洋，开拓了海上丝绸之路，加强了与东南亚各国的友好往来。但他也有许多不尽人意的地方，最残酷的是采用活人殉葬制度，他死后，有不少宫妃被赐死殉葬。

长陵的主要建筑有陵门、陵恩门、陵恩殿、明楼、宝城、宝顶等，分为三进院落。自陵门到陵恩门为第一进院落，东南角有碑亭一座，原来无字，立于明嘉靖年间，清顺治皇帝看过长陵后在碑的正面有满汉两种文字写了谒陵感受，碑的背面是清乾隆皇帝写的明陵八韵。第二进院落自陵恩门到内红门，院内在汉白玉台阶之上威然矗立着我国最好的楠木大殿——长陵的陵恩殿，殿内有楠木巨柱60根，当中4根直径为1米以上，大殿现在展出定陵出土文物。第三进院落是自内红门至明楼，明楼前有二柱牌坊、石五供，明楼额上写“长陵”二字，内设“大明成祖文皇帝之陵”碑。

明楼两侧连宝城，宝城中央的高大土丘为宝顶，宝顶下面即是地宫。长陵的地宫尚未发掘，在十三个陵中只有定陵的地宫被打开。

现在，各位一定很想知道，那神秘的地宫是什么样子的吧?参观完长陵后我们就去参观定陵的地下宫殿。

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各位朋友，现在我为大家介绍一下定陵，定陵是十三陵中唯一打开地宫的陵，它是明朝第十三位皇帝朱翊钧和他的两位皇孝端和孝靖的合葬陵，位于天寿山的大峪山前，建成于公元1590年。

朱翊钧年号万历，意思是要做一万年的皇帝，虽然没有实现，但也创下了明朝皇帝的一项记录，即在位年数最长的皇帝。万历皇帝10岁继位，22岁就开始为自己修陵，建地宫。整个工程历时六年，耗银八百多万两。他在位48年，几乎不理朝政，终日沉缅于后宫，他好饮酒，经常酒醉杀人，死后葬在了定陵。

万历皇帝有两个皇后，孝端皇后和孝靖皇后。孝靖皇后死时只是一个贵妃，按明朝规定，皇贵妃死后不能入地宫，于是葬在了其它地方。皇太子继位后，追封孝靖为皇太后。孝端皇后和万历皇帝去世后，有将孝靖皇后迁葬到地宫。所以地宫中葬有一帝二后。定陵的地下宫殿于1957年被打开，出土文物3000余件，举世轰动。

目前，定陵已成为全国重点风景名胜区，4A级景点，每天都有来自世界各地的旅游者前来参观。

整个陵园原来由陵门、陵恩门、陵恩殿、明楼、宝城、宝顶及明楼前的左右配殿组成。历经近520xx年的苍桑，原来的陵恩门及陵恩殿已毁，仅存基座。由于定陵的明楼为石质，不怕火烧、故至今保存完好。现在我们先来看一看陵恩门及陵恩殿遗址。

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