2008年北京奥运会手抄报一等奖【热门20篇】

今天一大早，我和哥哥就嚷嚷着让妈妈和小姨快点带我们去北京大学参观，这是哥哥向往的大学。因为北京大学是一所综合性大学，也是我国的最高学府。

去北京旅游作文500字

由于我们住的酒店离北京大学比较近，我们几个沿着中关村大街向北走，边走边欣赏北京的高楼大厦。一会儿就到北京大学东门了，这儿排队的人很多，都是家长带孩子来参观的，人山人海，熙熙攘攘。突然下起了大雨，大家就在雨中排着队慢慢慢慢向前移动着，没有一个人因为下雨而离开。大约过了一个小时，我们才走进北京大学的校门，我和哥哥非常激动，赶紧站在大门口“北京大学”四个大字旁照相留念。

走进北大，首先映入眼帘的是北京大学图书馆，北大图书馆新馆坐落于未名湖南岸，雄伟壮观，建筑面积27000平方米，提供20xx个座位，可藏书300万册。整座图书馆采用民族化建筑设计风格，内部采用计算机网络系统、光盘数据存储与检索服务系统、数字通信和音像设备、自动化安全监控等当今国际上先进技术设计和系统。

虽然下着大雨，我们还是继续向前走，前面就是北大有名的未名湖。未名湖区湖光塔影，飞阁流丹，题词碑刻随处可见，我们沿着未名湖转了一圈，我和哥哥不停地照相，想把这里的一切用照相机留下来;教学楼古朴典雅，林荫大道和爬满常春藤的建筑山墙让人难以忘怀，我和哥哥在每个教学楼前留下了倩影。“槛外山光，窗中云影”，这里正是读书学习之佳处。

北京大学是培养人才的摇篮，是人才成长的沃土。我爱这里的一山一水，一草一木，更爱这里的人文情怀。

北京，我向往已久，因为有那么多的标志性建筑物，如天安门、人民大会堂、长城……我总是想着能去一趟北京该多好。今年夏天，爷爷奶奶答应带我和哥去北京游玩一番。我一听到这个消息，恨不得马上收拾行李出发，因为我的愿望得到了实现。

到了北京，刚下火车，就想：哇!北京的火车站都这么气派，那北京的标志性建筑物应该更加有气魄。到北京的第二天，我与爷爷和哥哥一起去了天安门。

天安门坐落在北京的长安街上。

天安门的外观非常宏伟，特别是挂在天安门正中心的毛主席像，非常引人注目，还有挂在毛主席像旁边的两横字“中华人民共和国万岁，世界人民大团结万岁”，也很显眼。天安门城楼上的龙形图案看起来刻得很精致。如果站在远处边看着天安门，边想着城楼上的龙形图案，天安门简直就像一座美轮美奂的现代皇宫。

第二个景点就是长城。

从北京出发，只要半个多小时就能到达长城。

远看长城，它像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。长城，是我国古代劳动人民创造的伟大奇迹，是中国悠久历史的见证。

经历了长久岁月的认为破坏之后，许多古长城已达到了十分零落的程度。但是，总厂十几万里的中华巨龙，依然是人类古代最巨大壮观的工程。

凡是到过长城的，莫不叹为观止。

北京，一座北边的古城，记录着中国的历史，记录着中国的千年文化历史。

西门子北京总部：30秒看一份简历 求职要积极主动

在西门子北京交通大学校园宣讲会上，当有同学询问如何能使自己从几百名、几千名“候选人”中“浮”出来时，西门子北京总部人事部的负责人孙女士肯定地说：“一定要写好你的简历。” 孙女士介绍说，在筛选简历的时候，通常在一个简历上最多用30秒钟时间，如果没有一个脉络清晰、信息准确的简历，要脱颖而出，确实是很难的。 按照她的经验，那种“一目了然”、“用一张纸就能把自己的特点描述清楚”的简历是最受欢迎的。而那些把简历写成“我的前半生”式的淘汰的几率也最大。那究竟什么才算做是一份“一目了然”的简历呢？孙女士表示，这样的简历要满足一个最基本的要求——目标明确、有的放矢。 1.在申请大公司的职位时，一定要在简历最醒目处，明确表述清楚自己希望工作的“目标城市”、“目标部门”以及“目标岗位”。 2.在分析了招聘职位的要求后，明确分析自己是否具备该职位所必须的各项能力。并紧紧依据职位的要求，来给出你认为自己称职的几点理由。 3.你所参加的实践、项目以及自己写的论文等不要全部写出来，只需描述与应聘职位要求所相关的经验、经历就可以了。 4.如果用人单位收非电子版本简历的话，应聘者最好提供中文、英文简历各一份。如果是在线给用人单位发送简历的话，一般无法提供完整的英文简历。遇到这种情况，应聘者也不要急，只需要按照在线要求一一填写就行了。因为，大的外资公司，初步的简历筛选一般只由中方员工完成，当通知面试时再带去一份英文的简历就可以了，而且一般公司的外方管理者从第一轮面试时才参与人才的选拔工作。 5.一份“一目了然”的简历，一定是把应聘者的最大特点放在简历的前面突出的位置，千万不要让筛选简历的人，从你的简历里挑选、寻找。这样的简历也是被淘汰的对象。 6.填写学历时，切记要把最高学历放在最前面，用倒叙的手法来写。 面试时再提供证书 谈到很多学生在第一轮递简历时就附加很多证书的现象，孙女士提醒说，千万不要这样做。也无须这样做。一份厚重的简历只会让简历筛选者生厌。所以，最好不要在第一份简历后，附加各种证书。孙女士分析说，其实公司人力资源部门，以及招聘部门负责人，在第一轮筛选简历时，几乎不会花时间去看简历后附的内容。 最好的做法是：在用人单位通知你参加笔试、面试时，才提交你那些与申请职位相关联的证书，而且必须是如实提供相关证书。 求职要“积极主动” 大学生求职，尤其是没有经验的大学生求职，除了要有一份有效传递信息的简历外，还需要有一种敢“主动出击”、“积极争取”的素质。孙女士介绍，2004届的一位大学生在通过了简历筛选后，希望到西门子的一个销售部门去工作，当时孙女士觉得他做研发也非常适合，结果这个学生天天“缠”着孙女士。最后，孙女士猛然发现，这个同学的这种精神，正是做一个销售所不可或缺的，后来就同意让他去做销售工作了。现在，这个学生已经因为出色的销售业绩晋升了职位，去担任某城市的销售代表了，尽管他到西门子仅仅还不到一年时间。郑江

北京麦当劳总经理谈麦当劳招聘

要做、想做和能做。要做是指提供让每一位顾客感到满意的服务；想做的含义是人可以被启发，但必须喜欢做和想做才有动力；能做指有能力胜任自己的工作，甚至在顾客没有提出帮助要求之前，就要给予帮助。———麦当劳 ●施文哲北京麦当劳食品有限公司总经理 要做、想做和能做 新京报：请您先介绍一下麦当劳的人才核心价值观？ 施文哲(以下简称施)：麦当劳是一个以人为本的企业，员工进入麦当劳就会得到一个培养发展计划。我们对员工的要求是喜欢与人打交道，喜欢为别人提供服务。 新京报：你们对新人有何基本要求？ 施：可以用三个词汇来形容：要做、想做和能做。要做是指提供让每一位顾客感到满意的服务；想做的含义是人可以被启发，但必须喜欢做和想做才有动力；能做指有能力胜任自己的工作，甚至在顾客没有提出帮助要求之前，就要给予帮助。而且，新员工要把这份工作当成职业生涯来看待，用轻松的心情面对，要学会找出工作中的快乐。 并不太认同网上简历 新京报：2005年麦当劳计划招多少人？ 施：我们的招聘计划与开店数量紧密结合，具体录用多少人不便透露。 新京报：你们一般采用什么招聘方式？ 施：招聘餐厅服务组员工一般采用餐厅海报的形式；招聘餐厅见习经理一般采用校园招聘的形式，麦当劳不太认可网上投简历的形式，感觉还是书面简历比较有效；招聘公司的中高层一般采用猎头公司提供资源的形式。而公司工作人员大多是从餐厅服务组员工中选拔的。 新京报：麦当劳最注重应聘者的哪些能力？ 施：我们认为对工作的热情、对麦当劳的责任感和忠诚度，以及沟通和团队协作能力是应聘者应该具备的最基础素质。 考查人品依靠招聘者的观察力 新京报：求职者一般需要过几关？ 施：以餐厅的见习经理为例，求职者需要过四关。首先是简历筛选，被选中的人会进行第一次面试。然后要在餐厅里进行三天的工作实习，在此之后还会有一次面试。 新京报：如何认定自己想要的人才？ 施：一般通过提问题来考查应聘者的组织能力、说服力和创新能力。但是类似正直等应聘人员的个人品质要依靠招聘人员尖锐的观察力。 新京报：您是否可以透露一些麦当劳的面试题？ 施：无论面对什么面试题，求职者只要据实回答即可。比如，想考查应聘者的领导力、沟通能力和活跃程度，我们一般会问求职者在学校里是否参加社团活动，曾经担任过何种职位等。 新员工会被“下放”到餐厅 新京报：你们为新员工提供哪些培训？ 施：不同岗位的人会采用不同培训方式，但无论是经理还是一般的总公司工作人员在进入麦当劳初期都会被“下放”到餐厅，最长的“下放”时间为3个月。(记者张浩淼)

大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我x导!

现在快到目的地--北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点，记得哦!

乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车!现在我们来到了天坛的正门，这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧! 天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，，通称“天地墙”，象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。

以上就是天坛的故事，时间不早了，现在，大家自由参观拍照吧!--转眼间，我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了，大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!

欢迎各位父老乡亲来到首都北京，我家大门常打开欢迎您到来!我叫朱玺霖，简称朱导，小朱!今天带大家参观的是我们北京的内城，俗称四九城之中的东城东四，这四九城是什么意思呢?各位看官您听好喽，待我细细道来：这四九城啊!是指北京皇城的四个城门、内城的九个城门的总代称。皇城四门分别是天安门、地安门、东安门、西安门;而内城的九门分别是正阳门、崇文门、宣武门、朝阳门、阜城门、东直门、西直门、安定门、德胜门。这可都是过去皇亲国戚，贝勒公主的府邸所在地。今儿个咱们独独说说这朝阳门内的事儿!来!大家跟我走着，老几位您这眼睛给咱这胡同里的老四合院儿，耳朵给我留着。 首先大家看到的这条胡同是朝阳门内东四头条，大家熟悉的可能是电影朝内81号，其实这地儿根本不闹鬼，只不过是荒废了太久，看着没人气儿，才杜撰出N多的鬼故事来，现在因为电影火了，见天探险的络绎不绝，连个鬼影子也没有发现。并且政府马上就会改造了。先说咱这头条胡同，您瞧着不起眼儿吧，青砖灰瓦四合院，斑驳的门，风化的看不出模样的门墩，这可都是明朝遗留下来的，您先瞧瞧这一号院：原为社科院宿舍，钱钟书、杨绛、戈宝权、卞之琳、余冠英、罗念生等人曾在此居住。

您再瞧瞧这5号，规规整整的两进院儿，谁的宅邸?有人知道吗?对，茅盾，解放前这里曾是北京协和华语学校的中国研究院，专为外国传教士和学习汉语的外国人开设。1974年11月后茅盾就搬到了东城区后圆恩寺胡同13号了。再往前走，19号这门儿里您猜住过谁?相声界的泰斗，侯宝林大师。现在已经变成故居了并对外开放，大家想缅怀大师的可以进去看看。继续往前走，斜对面那门谁家啊?皇阿玛 ----张国立打小儿穿着开裆裤在这院里长起来的。您瞧见没有那棵老枣树，皇阿玛没少上树偷枣吃。老几位意犹未尽吧，东四从头条到14条，各有各的说儿，各有各的宝，您老几位今个先回去细细咂摸咂摸这头条的事儿，明儿早起咱们继续聊二条。给大家留个包袱儿，二条里可是有个王府，哪个王府?孚王府，这里的故事可多了去了，明儿您请好吧!

天云山风景区距北京140公里。就像是平铺在高山之巅上的一幅美丽的画卷，寓雄险、奇特、幽静、清凉于一处，给人以美的享受。天云山主峰海拨1149米，站在上面，头顶蓝天，手托白云，举目远眺，一揽众山小。

雄壮的古长城蜿蜒于东西两侧的群山峻岭之上，这里的自然景观不仅雄伟，而且恬美，刚柔相济，相映成趣;悬崖陡壁与山林幽谷，插云古峰与连绵阡陌，塞外风光与关内秀色。

东可观雾灵六月积雪，南可眺华北璀璨明珠，西可望敌楼云中耸立，北可看塞外万里群峰。反差是如此的强烈，融合又是如此和谐。正是这种奇特的情景，造就了这一多彩的世界。

天云山风景区的双道长城由西侧点将楼向东延伸，合围成瓮城。城内白桦成林，青松如荫，花草芬芳，百鸟争鸣，是一处难得的天然公园。“神鹿石”、“鸳鸯石”、“石猴迎宾”等千姿百态，维妙维肖。“拜师峰”、“弥陀峰”、“卧猩峰”、等危峰兀立，奇异嶙峋。“云中楼”、“锁雾楼”、“点将楼”高耸云端，气势磅礴。白桦林、落叶松林荫蔽日，情趣盎然。

各位先生女士们，很高兴见到你们，我叫胡徵沁。今天，我将带领大家游览有名的慕田峪长城。

这一段长城位于怀柔区境内，距北京城七十三公里，北京著名长城景点之一，是明朝万里长城的精华所在。慕田峪长城构筑有着独特的风格，敌楼密集，城两侧均有垛口。春天，山花烂漫，群芳争妍;夏日，满山青翠，流水潺潺;秋天，红叶漫山，果实累累;冬季，白雪皑皑，银装素裹，一派北国风光。在中外享有“慕田峪长城独秀”的美誉。慕田峪关与山海关、嘉峪关等都不一样，正关台是由三座空心敌楼构成，通连并矗，两侧楼较小，中间楼较大，三座敌楼上有三座嘹望亭，关门不设正中，而是在关台东侧，进出关台也是两侧敌楼设门，这种独特的关台建筑是万里长城所罕见。慕田峪关海拔仅486米，往西，从慕字四台，至慕字二十台至牛角边最高处，只经过十座敌楼，就从慕田峪关的486米上升了533米，达到1039米，蔚为壮观。关于长城也有不少传说，“孟姜女哭长城”就驰名中外。秦朝有个美丽善良的女子，名叫孟姜女。一天，她的丈夫范喜良被押去修筑长城，孟姜女思夫心切，便千里迢迢去寻找丈夫，猛听到丈夫已死，号啕大哭，哭了三天三夜，把长城都哭倒了，露出了范喜良的尸首。

好了，现在请大家随我来。这便是北京密云县的古北口。为明代所修筑，为京师北门黄花镇的东段，自古被称为拱卫京师、皇陵的北方屏障，重要关口之一。被称为“危岭雄关”，在此曾发生过许多战事，其中最著名的是明代的几次战争。

OK!我们这次的慕田峪长城之游到此结束，希望下次还能带领大家去游览更多的名胜古迹。再见!

北京故宫导游词

各位来宾朋友：大家好!欢迎大家来到北京的故宫，我是你们的导游莹莹，今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包围!

历史上，故宫因火灾或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局没有改变，主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为两翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫，是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，规格等级仅次于太和殿，面阔9间，进深5间，重檐歇山顶，翼角置走兽9个，内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的汉白玉“三台”之上。

我的讲解到此为止了，祝大家游玩愉快!

灵山风景区位于门头沟与河北交界处，距市区122公里，海拔2303米，灵山是北京地区最高峰，因为海拔高、温度低而成为京郊避暑胜地。虽然灵山方圆只有25平方公里，却是京郊唯一集高原、草原风光为一体的自然风景区。

灵山风景区天然景观独特，夏季气候变幻莫测，山间云雾缭绕，既有暖温带植被又有西伯利亚寒冷地带亲缘植被，生长着杜鹃、丁香、白桦林和榛子、黄花、玫瑰等植物，尤以高山草甸最为著名，是新疆细毛羊、伊犁马、青藏牦牛在北京唯一

的天然繁衍养殖场。 灵山是天然的动植物园，山里活跃着松鼠、狐狸、野兔、山鸡、林中还有野山羊、狍子、野猪等动物。青海之舟——牦牛也在此扎根繁衍，形成了独特景观。尤为让人庆幸的是在灵山可见到稀有珍禽——褐马鸡，这里有700多种动物和800多种植物可供欣赏，还有很好的科 学考察的最佳资料。为了方便游客，1997年灵山景区修建了高空索道，全长1548米，落差430米，只需25分钟便可让您到达山顶。

北京第一峰灵山，景色秀丽，夏季气候怡人，是游人休闲、度假、避暑的良好场所。冬季银光素裹、白雪皑皑，是开展滑雪运动的理想场所。进入景区沿途既能见到古代的烽火台，又能饮到四季不涸的干泉水，您还能品尝到灵山特产的莜面卷以及当地的山榛、山韭菜、野黄花和新鲜的菌类。

灵山的植被也是虽海拨高度的上升而变化。这里既有暖温带植被，又有西伯利亚寒冷地带亲缘植被。其中1900米以上的高山草甸最为出名，它是新疆细毛羊、伊利马、青藏牦牛在北京生活的唯一天然繁殖养殖场。这里是野生动物的乐园，山林里活跃着松鼠、野兔、山猪、狍子等野生动物，还有可能见到稀世珍禽褐马鸡。

暑天到灵山能有独特的清凉感觉，但因高山低温，与城里温差大，最好多添一点衣服。入冬时去灵山，那里还是深秋，厚厚的黄色草甸铺满山坡，别是一番情趣。因为是难得的高原、草原风光，所以这里是风光摄影、学生考察、生物采集、家庭摄像的好地方。“京都第一峰”灵山位于北京门头沟区与河北省交界处，具有"首都小西藏"的美誉，是京郊唯一集高原、草原风光为一体的自然风景区，夏季清凉，适合野营避暑。

Chinese food is divided into four big cuisines sichuan, guangdong, shandong, jiangsu, and dozens of branch of major cuisine, there are thousands of different flavors, each branch work different famous manufacturer, food culture is means all the world, impressive.

Beijing capital, brought together the national cuisine, is to eat what you crave. Not only that, in recent years in Beijings western cuisine also in Kyoto, French food, Russian western food, Italian food, American fast food, has become Beijing on-off taste delicious. Since long, however, came to Beijing, you have to taste the first genuine Beijing cuisine. Kyoto today, it is the delicacy of the foreign administrative, even all over the country, people can enjoy almost any kind of cuisines of China all over the world the best flavor, so, for the guests to Beijing today, seize the opportunity, and are indeed very lucky.

Beijing roast duck is regarded as "world a delicious", also is the representative work of Beijing flavor. One of the best places to eat roast duck, when Beijing front door, the peace arch, wangfujing quanjude roast duck restaurant. The shop was founded 130 years ago, if from the ancestor of roast duck restaurant Yang Ren operating ducks, that is going to push for 30 years.

Palace cuisine is one of the pillars of the Beijing cuisine, reflect the historical characteristics of Beijing 800 for all, a real blue blood. Today, imperial dishes into folk already, although strictly keeping his aristocratic demeanor. Because of Beijing winter cold, hot pot is from Beijings pet on the table. Flavor snack is a feature in Beijing, as a result of destinations ethnic characteristics snacks, breed is very rich.

The street there are many snack bar, night market and the free market also have snacks stalls, in the Spring Festival, temple fair, flowers at the meeting - always the most attractive places. At present, can eat snacks in Beijing have a cake, soy milk, rice cakes, Fried cake, soybean curd, tea soup, roast sweet potato, wonton, baked wheat cake, etc.

Beijing, formerly known as Peking, was the capital of the Yuan Dynasty asearly as 1271. Hundreds of years later, Beijing, as the imperial capital, is nowmore prosperous.

People who come to Beijing for the first time by train will feel that therailway station is very busy and the bus is very convenient. It is said that thebus in Beijing has the longest bus length and the most bus routes in China. Butbecause traffic jams are frequent, it is not the best choice to travel inBeijing by bus. Beijings subway line through the city underground, as many as adozen, there is no traffic jam, is the preferred way of travel for the vastmajority of people.

In Beijing, the most worry is playing. There are many scenic spots inBeijing, such as Tiananmen Square, the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, thesummer palace, Xiangshan, Happy Valley, the zoo, Yonghe palace, Prince Gongsmansion, the temple of heaven, the temple of earth, Lugou Bridge, the ChinaWorld Monument, the new site of CCTV, and so on. When I come to Beijing for thefirst time, it is estimated that it will take me a month to enjoy all thesescenic spots. In other cities, it may cost a lot of money to visit places ofinterest, but in Beijing, its not expensive. For example, in the peak season ofBadaling, its 45 yuan, in the zoo, its 50 yuan, and half price for students.Tiananmen Square, China Century Monument and other attractions are free ofcharge. Although admission fees for scenic spots are not high, accommodation inBeijing is very expensive. Generally, the price of a small hotel is tens of yuana night, that of a slightly larger hotel is more than 100 yuan, and that of astandard room in a medium-sized hotel is about 200-300 yuan. If you want to stayin Beijing for a few more days, youd better go together and rent a short-termsuite in advance, which can save a lot of money.

北京原名北平，早在公元1271年，元朝就定都于此，几百年过去了，身为帝都的北京如今更加的繁华。

坐火车初次来来北京的人，都会觉得火车站很热闹，公交很便捷。据说北京的公交是我国城市公交车车长最长的，公交线路最多的，但因为堵车是时经常的事，所以在北京出行坐公交并不是最佳的选择。北京的地铁线贯通城市地下，多达十几条，还没有堵车的困扰，是绝大多数人首选的出行方式。

在北京，最不愁的就是玩。北京的景点很多，如天安门、长城、故宫、颐和园、香山、欢乐谷、动物园、雍和宫、恭王府、天坛、地坛、卢沟桥、中华世界坛、中央电视台新址，等等。初次来到北京，要想把这些景点都尽兴的游览一遍，估计需要一个月的时间。游览名胜古迹，在其他的城市门票可能是笔不小的花费，但在北京门票并不算贵，像八达岭门票旺季45元，动物园50元，学生半价;天安门、中华世纪坛等景点还是免费进入的。景点门票虽然收费不高，但寸土寸金的北京住宿却很贵。一般的小旅社价格要几十元一晚，稍微大一点的宾馆价格要一百多元，中等酒店宾馆的标准间价格要在二百到三百元左右。建议去北京游玩的人们，如果想多留几天最好结伴而行，事先租好短期租用的套房，这样可以省下不少钱。

Beijing, the ancient capital of Six Dynasties in China, has a long historyand a relatively complete architectural pattern. Beijing, the capital of thepeoples Republic of China, is the center of Chinas politics, culture andinternational exchanges. Therefore, Beijing has a rich and colorful ancient andmodern cultural landscape and profound cultural heritage.

Beijing covers an area of 16807.8 square kilometers, with Jundu mountain inthe north and Xishan Mountain in the West. Dongling Mountain at the junction ofHebei Province is 2303 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Beijing.There are Miyun reservoir, Huairou reservoir and Ming Tombs Reservoir in theterritory; there are five other rivers, namely Chaobai River, Beiyunhe River,Yongding River, Juma River and Tanghe River.

Beijings climate is temperate continental monsoon climate with distinctseasons: a little sandstorm in spring and low temperature. Summer is hot withshowers. In autumn, the weather is sunny, mild and crisp, which is the goldenseason for tourism; but in late autumn, it is cooler in the morning and evening,and hot at noon. In winter, the climate is dry and cold with less snow.

When you come to Beijing for sightseeing, you cant miss the snacks withBeijing characteristics and the famous food with a long history. Famous dishesinclude Beijing roast duck, instant boiled mutton and court dishes.

Beijings specialties are: Wang Mazi scissors, Angong Niuhuang Pill, Qiulipaste, preserved fruit, Poria cocos cake, Liubiju pickles. Local products are:Jingbai pear, Gaishi, Liangxiang chestnut, hawthorn, walnut, Miyun jujube,apricot.

北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。

北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。

北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。

来北京观光旅游不能错过具有北京特色的风味小吃和悠久历史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鸭、涮羊肉、宫廷菜。

北京的特产有:王麻子刀剪、安宫牛黄丸、秋梨膏、果脯蜜饯、茯苓夹饼、六必居酱菜。土产有:京白梨、盖柿、良乡板栗、山楂、核桃、密云小枣、杏。

Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction

Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.

The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.

The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Dianmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Dianmenwere demolished after the founding of the peoples Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.

北京是有着三千年历史的国家历史文化名城。北京在历史上曾为六朝都城，在从燕国起的20__多年里，建造了许多宏伟壮丽的宫廷建筑，使北京成为中国拥有帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛和陵墓数量最多，内容最丰富的城市。其中北京故宫，明朝时叫大内宫城，清朝时叫紫禁城，这里原为明、清两代的皇宫，住过24个皇帝，建筑宏伟壮观，完美地体现了中国传统的古典风格和东方格调，是中国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。天坛以其布局合理、构筑精妙而扬名中外，是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”

四合院是以正房、倒座房、东西厢房围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的北方传统住宅的统称。北京四合院源于元代院落式民居，是老北京城最主要的民居建筑。一座座青瓦灰砖的四合院之间形成的窄巷，就是著名的老北京胡同。

北京的宗教寺庙遍布京城，现存著名的有：佛教的法源寺、潭柘寺、戒台寺、云居寺、八大处等。道教的白云观等。伊斯兰教的北京牛街礼拜寺等。藏传佛教(喇嘛教)的雍和宫等，天主教西什库天主堂、王府井天主堂等。基督_的缸瓦市教堂、崇文门教堂等。

北京中轴线是指元、明、清时的北京城的中轴线，北京的城市规划具有以宫城为中心左右对称的特点。北京的中轴线南起永定门，北至钟鼓楼，长约7.8公里。从南往北依次为，永定门，前门箭楼，正阳门，中华门，天安门，端门，午门，紫禁城，神武门，景山，地安门，后门桥，鼓楼和钟楼。从这条中轴线的南端永定门起，就有天坛、先农坛;太庙、社稷坛;东华门、西华门;安定门，德胜门以中轴线为轴对称分布。中国著名建筑大师梁思成先生曾经说：“北京的独有的壮美秩序就由这条中轴线的建立而产生。”永定门、中华门、地安门都在中华人民共和国成立后被拆毁，而近年来又重新修建了永定门城楼。

Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. Im veryglad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.

The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. Itstarts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runsacross the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the"Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It iscalled "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.

The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and AutumnPeriod in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wallwas the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng"in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one ofthe earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started fromPingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It isthe most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.

Qin Shihuang was born in 220 BC__ After the unification of China in 1949,the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was first repaired. At thecost of "building a city of thousands of miles and building a people ofthousands of miles", he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then,the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands ofyears of wind, frost, rain and snow.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protectthe newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This isalso the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.

After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongoliaand Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent northto build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18times, lasting more than 260 years. Until Hongzhi 20__ In, it was completed fromthe Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei,Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces andautonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along theGreat Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as "nine sides and ninetowns". Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north ofBeijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall wesee now.

The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is thelargest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes inhistory are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall islocated in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preservedsection of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and themost rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city asthe center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in thenorth, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to theoutside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan.From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong inthe west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in alldirections. Badaling pass was built in 1520__ The city is 7.5 meters high and 4meters thick. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with "JuyongWai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West. At the entrance ofGuancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now lets look at the wall of the GreatWall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow atthe top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures.1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is aticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai.It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composedof the Great Wall defense alarm system.

Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to conveymilitary information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night afire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smokeis high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, itwas stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit acigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns,more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers wereinvolved, five cigarettes and five guns.

From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. JuyongPass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrierto the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuangsconstruction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people whohave been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the GreatWall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan inSui Dynasty. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongestsection of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters andadministrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lushwith extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spotsin Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places ofinterest, such as Yang LIULANGs Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiyings dianjiangtai, andbaifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play. Not only that, but also JuyongGuanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345.Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the couponsunder the stage, it was originally called "crossing the street pagoda". In theearly Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Taian temple wasbuilt. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now thereare only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cuttingscriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which areimportant objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.

Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of thestory is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". Its about Qin Shihuangbuilding the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, itbegan to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnus husband,fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after herwedding.

In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard fromhim. Meng Jiangnu couldnt eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. MengJiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didntcover her body. She kept shouting "Im cold, Im hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke upand decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. Allthe way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguanto find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fanQiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news islike a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earthshaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now theproject manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here toinspect the progress of the project. The first emperor of Qin sent someone toarrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang wasfascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong".Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and hadan idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before shecould become the "Empress of the palace". The first is to find the body of hishusband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; andthe third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fanQiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, thefirst emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful MengJiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to thetomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her longcherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up andthrew herself into the sea.

At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous andoverbearing? Lets ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be ahero!!

大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

长城是我们古代一项极为雄伟的防御性建筑，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，横贯我国北部。婉蜒一万两千多里，故以“万里长城”闻名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。被专家学者们称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

中国最早修建长城是在公元前7世纪的春秋时期，最早修筑长城的国家是楚国。楚国长城在历史文献记载上称作“方城”，长度近千里。齐国也是诸侯国中修筑长城较早的国家，齐长城西起山东平阴，东入大海。是春秋时期长城中遗址保存最多的。

秦始皇于公元前220__年统一中国后，先修缮了秦、赵、燕三国北部的部分旧长城。并开始以“修万里城，筑万里人”的代价修建西起临洮、东到辽东，长达7000多千米的长城。从此万里长城巍然屹立于世界的东方，经历千百年的风霜雨雪。

西汉初期，为了抵御侵略和保护新开发的“丝绸之路”。修筑了西起新疆罗布泊，东到辽东，长达一万多千米的长城。这也是我国历史上最长的一条长城。

明朝建立后，面对蒙古和女真的威胁。从朱元璋开始就派大将徐达北上修筑长城。直到明朝灭亡，先后大修十八次，历时260余年。直到弘治20__年，才完成了东起鸭绿江边，西到嘉峪关。途经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多里的长城。并把长城沿线划分为九个防御区域，称为“九边九镇”。而且还在许多重要关隘地区，特别是北京城的北面，修筑了多重城墙。这些就是我们现在所看到的八达岭长城了。

秦、汉、明三朝在历史上修筑长城的规模，相比其他朝代来讲是最大的。所以说在历史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、汉朝、明朝。

现在，我就来介绍一下八达岭长城。八达岭长城位于北京西北部的延庆县，是北京地区长城中保存最完好，工程质量最佳，结构最严谨的一段。这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十二楼，全长4770米。它是北京地区通向塞外的唯一通道，是居庸关的前沿阵地。由此地东可到永宁、四海，西可到宣化、大同，南可抵京城，北可通延庆，四通八达，所以叫做八达岭。八达岭关城建于1520__年，城高7.5米，厚4米。东西两门各有一块牌匾，东为“居庸外镇”，西为“北门锁钥”。关城入口处有一尊长2.85米，口径10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大将军”。现在请大家看八达岭这段长城的城墙。这段城墙上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。分别由四种基本构造构成。一、城墙，二、城台，三、关隘，四、烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连。顶部可容5匹马并行。烽火台又称烽堠、烽燧、狼烟台。它独立于城墙之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座，组成了万里长城的防御报警系统。

每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台就燃烽火，传递军情。白天燃烟称烽。夜晚举火称燧。又因为经常用狼粪做燃料，烟飘的高又不易消散，所以也叫做“狼烟”。而且，在明朝规定。来犯敌兵百余人点一烟放一炮，五百人左右两烟两炮，千余人以上三烟三炮，五千人以上四烟四炮，如果事万人以上，五烟五炮。

从八达岭一直向南，就是著名的雄关——居庸关了。居庸关是万里长城最有名的关隘之一，为古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修长城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是说把囚犯、和受过宫刑的人，抓到这里来让他们修长城。并且居住了下来。居庸关在汉朝时叫居庸塞，隋朝叫军都关。到了明朝重新修筑后，成了明长城中最坚固的一段。这里既有军事指挥部、又有行政管理机构。古时的居庸关同样林木葱郁，景致非凡，著名的燕京八景之一“居庸叠翠”指的就是这里了。除此之外还有许多名胜古迹，象杨六郎的栓马桩、穆桂英的点将台、游龙戏凤的白凤冢等七十二处名胜。不但如此，而且居庸关中还有一座始建于1345年的汉白玉高台，人称云台。因台上曾建有3座藏式佛塔，台下为券门，故原称“过街塔”。明初佛塔被毁，后又建泰安寺。清朝前期，寺又被毁，现仅有柱础和望柱。内壁还留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6种文字篆刻的经文，是研究我国古代文字的重要实物。

说了这么多了，下面我给大家讲一个故事来放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭长城”。说的是秦始皇修筑长城的事。当时为了加快工程速度，又开始在全国各地抽调民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久，也被抽调去充当修长城的民夫了。

转眼三年过去了，范杞梁杳无音信，急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然，有一天夜里。孟姜女做梦，梦到他的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，还不停的喊“我冷啊，我饿呀!”孟姜女惊醒后决定去找丈夫，并给他带上了干粮和御寒的衣服。一路沿着长城寻找他的丈夫。她四处打听，走到山海关才知道，为修长城死了很多人，丈夫范杞梁也被累死了，并埋在长城下，尸骨都找不到。这一消息如同晴天霹雳，孟姜女顿时就伤心地痛哭起来，哭得惊天动地，长城一段段的倒塌，足有八百里长。这下可急坏了工程总管，急忙去报告正来此巡查工程进展的秦始皇。秦始皇赶忙派人把孟姜女抓来寻问根由。当见到之后，秦始皇却被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她为"正宫娘娘"。孟姜女虽然怒火满腔，但还是压住心头仇恨，灵机一动，将计就计地非要秦始皇答应她三个条件，之后才能当"正宫娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸体;二要为其丈夫举行国葬;三要秦始皇为范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇听罢孟姜女提的三个条件，思索片刻，为了得到貌美如花的孟姜女，便硬着头皮答应下来，孟姜女戴着孝拜了为筑城而死的范札梁坟墓后，宿愿已偿，面对滚滚的渤海，纵身一跃，投海自尽了。

故事讲完了，大家觉得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱们先不管他怎么样。开始登长城做好汉吧!!

Beijing is our capital city which is famous for its long history. Now wehave a one-day tour plan for you.

In the morning, you can start the day at the Great Wall. Its one of thegreatest wonders in the world. Its so magnificent that you cant go to Beijingwithout visiting the Great Wall. At noon, you can go to the Summer Palace. Thereare so many interesting sites, such as Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake, SuzhouStreet, and some other ancient palaces. So you can climb Wanshou Mountain first.The view on the top is so wonderful. Next, you can go boating on Kunming Lake,and then, walk on Suzhou Street to enjoy the life of regions south of theYangtze River. In the afternoon, you can go to have a long walk on TiananmanSquare, in order to see the city well, and then you can visit the Palace Museum.There you can see different objects of different periods. They are of greatvalue. In the evening, the Front Gate Walking Street is a good place to go whereyou can buy various kinds of souvenirs and clothes. Most buildings there havethe traditional Chinese styles. Maybe you can know some history of ancientBeijing.

Wish you a nice trip.

Respected tourists:

It seems that everyone is very energetic. Today we are going to visit theGreat Wall. Please be prepared. The Great Wall is the longest building in China.It is also the most famous building in China. Its length reaches more than 13000Li. We often call it the Great Wall.

First of all, we came to the foot of the Great Wall. You see, the the GreatWall is so tall and strong that it uses huge stones and brick. The top of thecity wall is paved with square tiles. It is very smooth. Like a wide road, fiveor six horses can be parallel.

Do you see a hole in the tooth, a small square, and a fortress? Let me tellyou what the three things are for? That hole like a tooth! Its called a look. Ithink you must know why it calls it? Ill tell you, when the war was, the eightuncle came to see the situation, that small square. The shape is called anarchery. It is used for archery. That fort is used for city platforms to echoeach other.

Everyone is tired, is it hungry? Can I eat a bit of food, I send you a bagfor garbage, remember not to throw rubbish, Ill tell you a story about theGreat Wall: Qin Shihuang fought a lot before, and then he thought of buildingthe Great Wall, so he took all the men of Qin State To catch the the Great Wall,Qin Shihuang was afraid that the men would run away, so he tied the feet of themen together. How many laboring peoples sweat and wisdom is the only way toform the the Great Wall that has never seen before or after.

天坛位于北京市崇文区在永定门内大街路东。原是明清两代皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的场所，始建于明永乐十八年 (1420 年 ), 以后经过不断的改扩建，至清乾隆年间最终建成。天坛占地达 273 万平方米主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘、 皇穹宇、斋宫、神乐署、牺牲所等。1918 年辟为公园。

天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，总面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为弧圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象征古代“天圆地方”之说。外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门，只有西边修两座大门——圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门(也称天坛门)。而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。内坛建有祭坛和斋宫，并有一道东西横墙，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。

天坛中的祈年殿是一座宏伟而又极具民族风格的独特建筑，鎏金宝顶三层出檐的圆形攒尖式屋顶，覆盖着象徵“天”的蓝色琉璃瓦，层层向上收缩。檐下的木结构用和玺彩绘，坐落在汉白玉石基座上，远远望去，色彩对比强烈而和谐，上下形状统一而富于变化。

神乐署、斋宫都是祭坛的附属建筑，是祭祀大典的服务用房 , 故斋宫、神乐署都是坐西向东，其建筑规格、瓦色、装饰彩画均逊于天坛的祭祀建筑，强烈地表达了中国古代的 " 敬天 " 思想。天坛有 3500 余株古松柏、古槐 , 树龄逾数百年。坛庙在中国古代被誉为国家的 " 万世不移 " 之基故中国古代对坛庙植树极为重视明永乐年间初建北京天地坛时即 " 树以松柏 " 取 " 尊而识之 " 的寓意以后历朝陆续补植 , 至清朝中叶形成颇具规模的天坛古树群落。大量的古松柏分布于圜丘、祈年殿等祭祀建筑周围，苍翠的古树与古老的建筑、茵茵的绿草共同构成了天坛庄重肃穆、静谧深远的环境氛围。

从明永乐十八年 (1420 年 ) 北京天地坛初建成时开始，天坛作为皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的专用祭坛的历史一直延续了 490 余年，1920xx年爆发的辛亥革命结束了中国两千余年的封建帝制，也结束了贯穿中国历史达五千年的祭祀史，专用于为皇帝祭祀服务的天坛从此 " 任人游览 ",1918 年民国政府将天坛辟为公园，实行售票开放。1951 年北京市政府组建了天坛管理处，1957 年天坛被列入北京市第一批古建文物保护单位。1961 年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1998年11月，被列入《世界遗产名录》。

各位游客大家好!我是导游小李，欢迎大家来到周口店猿人遗址公园参观。

周口店北京猿人遗址就位于这个公园内。您知道这里的历史吗?1920___年中国古生物学家裴文中在北京市房山区周口店龙骨山发现原始人类牙齿、骨骼和一块完整的头盖骨。于是，考古学家开始在这里发掘，发现了距今约60万年前的一个完整的猿人头盖骨，定名为北京猿人，这里就被称为北京猿人遗址了。

请各位游客随我进入公园，我们首先将参观的是周口店遗址第一地点，又称“猿人洞”。这里原是一个天然的石灰岩溶洞，北京猿人在这里陆续生活了20万年至40万年。北京猿人的遗骨、遗物、遗迹和洞顶塌落的石块和洞外流入的泥沙等，在洞内一层又一层充填起来，形成巨厚的堆积层(共分13层)。可是，在发掘前，该洞穴就已坍塌，成为堆积物上部的大角砾和岩块。您走到这里，有没有感受到远古的气息呢!

接下来，请大家自由参观“周口店第一地点”周围的五、七、八地点，它们是1920___年被发现的。在这里考古学家们出土了第一个北京人头盖骨化石，以及人工制作的工具和用火痕迹。

现在我们来到的是鸽子堂，这个地方的名字是根据鸽子比较喜欢在这里栖息而得来的。鸽子堂曾经是北京人制造石器的场所。他们把一块块石器加工原料，打制成砍砸器，用来砍砸木柴或木棒。他们还把不同的石片，加工成刮削器，用来加工狩猎用的棒棍，或者把脉石英制成尖状器，用来割剥兽皮，挖剔兽肉。

最后我们进入的是北京猿人遗址公园的博物馆。在这里，您可以看到猿人遗址公园的平面图以及北京猿人和各种原始动物的化石。大家看这件展品，您能想到北京猿人它们还会做一些首饰吗?还有,他们还会做“针”呢!不过是骨针哦。看到这些您会不会感叹于原始人的智慧呢?小朋友们在这里还可以参与高科技的互动游戏，你们一定会玩很开心的!下面就请大家自由活动吧!

南锣鼓巷是北京最古老的街区之一，也位列规划中的25片旧城保护区之中。南锣鼓巷南北走向，北起鼓楼东大街, 南止地安门东大街， 全长786米，宽8米，与元大都(1267年)同期建成， 是我国唯一完整保存着元代胡同院落肌理、规模最大、品级最高、资源最丰富的棋盘式传统民居区。

在元大都“左祖右社, 面朝后市”的城市格 局中, 南锣鼓巷是“后市”的组成部分。元 南锣鼓巷图1代, 以南锣鼓巷为轴线, 东侧地区属昭回坊,西侧地区属靖恭坊。明代属昭回靖恭坊。清代乾隆年间属镶黄旗, 光绪末年至宣统年间属 内左三区。民国时期属内五区。东西各有8条胡同整齐排列着， 呈“鱼骨状”,又如同一条“蜈蚣”。因此, 南锣鼓巷也称为“蜈蚣巷”。从南向北，西面的8条胡同是福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同;东边的8条胡同是炒豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。这些胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。比如菊儿胡同，明代叫局儿胡同，后来改称橘儿胡同，清代宣统时才称菊儿胡同，后延续至今。她里坊，是中国古代居住区组织的基本单位，也是城市规划建设的基本单位。在先秦称为“里”、“闾”或“闾里”。从北魏开始，出现了“坊”的称呼。唐长安，是当时世界上最大的城市，全城共建108坊。元大都规划设计时仍延续了里坊制，全城分为50坊，坊与坊之间是宽阔平直的街巷，犹如棋盘。

明朝时，将北京划为28坊，两坊合并称“昭回靖恭坊”。清代属镶黄旗。南锣鼓巷曾叫罗锅巷，乾隆20_年(1750年)绘制的《全城全图》改称为南锣鼓巷。

现在的南锣鼓巷街区北边是鼓楼东大街，南边是地安门东大街，西边是地安门外大街，东边是交道口南大街。由这4条街围合的这块长方形地块，正是元大都的两个坊。以南锣鼓巷为界，东面是“昭回坊”。西边是“靖恭坊”，南锣鼓巷是两坊间的分界巷。

唐朝长安的里坊早已无存，元大都里坊构造在800多年的历史变迁中，也已面目全非，但是，南锣鼓巷地区却还极为完整地保存着元大都里坊的历史遗存。胡同格局那么完整，胡同里各种形制的府邸、宅院多姿多彩。真可谓是北京古都风貌中一块保存完整的“碧玉”。

在北京炎热夏季中一个少有的细雨霏霏的凉爽午后，我又一次来到南锣鼓巷。南锣鼓巷在近几年被时尚人士和国外旅游者关注，是因为从新世纪开始，不经意间，许多酒吧在这条古老的小街上出现。现在这里已经成为继三里屯、什刹海之后，北京又一条酒吧街。

有人说三里屯酒吧街是彩色的，什刹海酒吧街是暗红色的，而南锣鼓巷酒吧街是翠绿色的。这样的评说可能不仅是指自然的色彩，或许还指向其不同的文化内涵吧。这里的每一条胡同都有丰厚的文化积淀，每一个宅院里都诉说着老故事。