关于世界遗产的圆明园导游词通用5篇 北京导游词(优秀七篇)

篇1：北京著名圆明园导游词

清代著名的皇家园林。康熙四十八年(1709)，康熙帝(即清圣祖玄烨)将北京西北郊畅春园北一里许的一座园林赐给第四子胤禛，并亲题园额“圆明园”。雍正三年(1725)，雍正帝(即清世宗胤禛)在圆明园南面增建宫殿衙署，占地面积由原来的六百余亩扩大到三千余亩。此后，圆明园不仅是清朝皇帝休憩游览的地方，也是他们朝会大臣、接见外国使节、处理日常政务的场所。乾隆帝(即清高宗弘历)即位后，在圆明园内调整了园林景观，增添了建筑组群，并在圆明园的东邻和东南邻兴建了长春园和绮春园(同治时改名万春园)。这三座园林，均属圆明园管理大臣管理，称圆明三园。

圆明三园面积五千二百余亩，一百五十余景。其中最著名的有上朝听政的正大光明殿，祭祀祖先的安佑宫，举行宴会的山高水长楼，模拟《仙山楼阁图》的蓬岛瑶台，再现《桃花源记》境界的武陵春色。一些江南的名园胜景，如苏州的狮子林，杭州的西湖十景，也被仿建于园中。长春园内还有一组欧式建筑，俗称西洋楼。圆明园还是一座大型的皇家博物馆，收藏着许多珍宝、图书和艺术杰作。

咸丰十年(1860)8月，英法联军攻入北京。10月6日，占领圆明园。从第二天开始，军官和士兵就疯狂地进行抢劫和破坏。为了迫使清政府尽快接受议和条件，英国公使额尔金、英军统帅格兰特以清政府曾将英法被俘人员囚禁在圆明园为借口，命令米启尔中将于10月18日率领侵略军三千五百余人直趋圆明园，纵火焚烧。这场持续了两天两夜的大火，将圆明园烧成一片废墟。

同治年间(1862～1874)，同治帝准备修复圆明园,供慈禧太后居住。后因财政困难，被迫停止,改建其他建筑。1900年，八国联军侵入北京，圆明园又一次遭到破坏。清朝覆灭后，一些军阀、政客、官僚，纷纷从圆明园盗运建筑材料，圆明园遗址遭到进一步破坏。

中华人民共和国成立后，国家十分重视圆明园遗址的保护。1979年，圆明园遗址被列为北京市重点文物保护单位。之后，圆明园遗址的整修工作逐步展开。

康熙二十八年(公元1688年)玄烨下令在清华园旧址上建造了面积达六十公顷的畅春园，他每年的大部分时间都在那里避喧听政，清代帝王园居生活自此开始。但畅春园的地位并没有维持多久，就被后来的圆明园所取代。

畅春园周围，有许多明朝遗留下来的私家园林，清初时收归内务府奉宸院后，就把这些前明私园分赐给清皇室成员和王公大臣。康熙四十八年(公元1709年)，圆明园就是作为藩赐园赐给了康熙帝第四子胤祯的一座明代旧园。并由康熙帝御笔亲题了“圆明园”匾额。这座世界名园，就从这一年开始了它从无到有，由盛到衰的历史。胤祯就是后来的雍正皇帝，他对于所得到的这座赐园，是非常引以为荣的，对康熙所题“圆明”二字的意义，他在《圆明园记》中做了这样的解释：圆明意志深远，殊未易窥，尝稽古藉之言，体以圆明之德。夫圆面入神，君子之时中也。这里的“圆”，大意是“圆满、周全”的意思，而“明”字则解释为“明达、明智”之意，所以，起名“圆明园”无非是统治阶级标榜自己品德修养与才思智慧都超出常入而已。康熙皇帝题名也表达了他对皇子的期望。

圆明园的位置在挂甲屯的北面，距畅春园约一里多路，即今北京大学的北边，清华大学以西。康熙时代的圆明园，里面有前湖、后湖等水面，其内建有“牡丹台”、“天然图画”等园景。当圆明园还是一座藩赐园的时候，它的规程是不能超过皇帝的畅春园的，所以建的景不多，名声也不大，远远比不上畅春园。可后来随着主人的登基，清王朝的太平盛世到来，在其60多年陆续扩建中，终于建成了中国有史以来最宏伟的皇家园林。

篇2：北京颐和园英文导游辞_英文导游词_网

北京颐和园英文导游辞

The tour will take 4-6 hours. The route is as follows:

Out side the East Gate-side the East Gate –in front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity- in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmony-in front of the Grand Theater Building- a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples- in front of the o Jade Ripples- in front of the Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Being)-Hall of happiness and longevity- in front of the Yaoyue (Chamber of Mortal Beings)-Hall of Happiness and Longevity-in front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor- strolling along the Long Corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest –outside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street- atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the Kunming Lake-leaving out through the East Gate.

(Out side the east gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the Summer Palace. (After the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .

During our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.

The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories. The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong. With supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements. In 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightness) by Angol-French allied forces. In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace). Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.

This is the main entrance to the Summer Palace-the East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means “Garden of Nurtured Harmony” , whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu. The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. All others used the side doors.

(Inside the East Gate)

the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake .The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters. Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters. The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.

This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters. The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in Jiangsu Province and placed here to decorated the garden.

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篇3：北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词_英文导游词_网

北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

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篇4：北京故宫英文导游辞_英文导游词_网

北京故宫英文导游辞

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

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篇5：北京长城英文导游词_英文导游词_网

北京长城英文导游词

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

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篇6：北京故宫博物院英文导游辞_英文导游词_网

北京故宫博物院英文导游辞

Hello, everyone,

We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.

The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.

A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . It has 9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China. For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil. Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people. A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词

What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. It is flanked by two wings on each side .The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

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篇7：北京天坛导游词

大家好，欢迎大家来到天坛公园，很荣幸认识大家，更荣幸为大家导游。我代表旅行社对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎。我叫郭玉萍，希望我们大家都能成为朋友，在游览期间有什么需要帮忙的，或是我们有什么地方做得不够的请大家直接和我们提出来，我们将尽力而为，希望我们大家都能有一次美好的游览经历。今天我们的路线安排是自南向北走，沿着南北轴线依次是圜丘，皇穹宇，祈年殿等。然后由东门出去。

现在我先简单给大家介绍一下天坛.

天坛，位于北京城区的东南部，原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群，建于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406～1420)，与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时20xx年，距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷，比故宫大3.7倍，略小于颐和园。天坛是通称，它实际有两个坛组成，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。 历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视，每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日，至祈年殿举行祈谷礼，第二次是在冬至，至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收，感谢天帝的保佑之恩。

现在我们面前的这扇门是北天门，沿着这里进去就是著名的圜丘坛了。

此刻在我们眼前的是圜丘坛，俗称祭天台，它建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建，是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台，通高五米，明、清两代，每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪，就在此坛举行。 圜丘坛在建筑形式上，有着许多神奇有趣的说法。各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确，其中包含"九"的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。

圜丘坛共分三层，每层四面各有台阶九级。各层铺设的扇面形石板，是九或九的倍数。最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石)，是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。 从中心石向外，第一环为9块，第二环18块，到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块，三层共378个"九"，为3402块。 同时，上层直径为9丈(取一九)，中层直径为十五丈(取三五)，下层直径为21丈(取三七)，合起来45丈，不但是九的倍数，而且还有""之尊的含义。为什么要用九或九的倍数来设计建造祭坛呢?原因是：一、据神话传说，皇天上帝是住在九重天里，用九或九的倍数来象征九重天，以表示天体的至高与至大。二、在我国古代把单数(奇数)看作阳数，而将双数(偶数)视为阴数。天为阳、地为阴。天坛是用来祭天的，只能用阳数进行建筑。而"九"又被视为"极阳数"，这是最吉祥的数字。现在我们再到这上面来看看这块天

心石，当你站在圆心石上轻声说话时，自己听起来声音很宏大，有共鸣性回音之感。但站在第二、三环以外的人，则无此种感觉。为什么呢?相信大家懂得这是一种声学现象：由于坛面十分光洁平滑，声波传到周围等距离的石栏围板后，能够迅速地被反射回来。说话者根本无法分清它的原音和回音，所以站在圆心石的人听起来，其共鸣性回音就格外响亮。封建统治者则把这种声学现象说成是"上天垂象"，是天下万民对于朝廷的无限归心与一致响应。大家不妨站到上面去亲身体验一下。

好，现在我们继续往前走，这座殿宇就是皇穹宇，它距今已有四百多年历史。殿高19.5米，底部直径15.6米。砖木结构，整个殿宇用八根檐柱支撑，顶无横梁，由众多斗拱层层上叠，天花板层层收缩，组成美丽的穹窿圆顶式的藻井。殿内正中的石台宝座，是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;宝座前左右的石台，是放置皇帝历代祖先牌位之处。殿外的东西配殿，为供奉日月星辰和云雨风雷诸神牌位之所。进到这里后不知道大家有没注意我们周围的这圈围墙?这就是颇负盛名的回音壁。围墙周长193.2米，直径61.5米，墙高3.72 米，厚0.9米。它的奇特之处并不是在它的外观上，而是在于同刚才的天心石相似的声学现象。如果两个人分别站在院内东西配殿后的墙下，均面部朝北对墙低声说话，可像打电话一

样互相对话，极其奇妙有趣，这就是回音壁得名的由来。大家有兴趣的就去试试吧。

我们现在从皇穹宇的西面出来，在这里有一株古柏，名为九龙柏，是国家著名的古树之一，树干扭结纠屈，宛如九条盘旋而上的蟠龙，故此得名。大家看上面挂着的红色的标志牌，这种标牌的颜色其实也是有讲究的，标志红牌表示一级古树，标志绿牌表示二级古树(100以上国内外稀有的或是具有历史意义和纪念意义及重要科研价值的树木)，据传这棵古柏生长于建坛之前，已有近千年历史，所以挂红牌来展现它的价值。

我们现在脚下的路叫做丹陛桥，这明明是一条笔直坦荡的大道，为何又称"桥"呢?因为在道路下辟有一个券洞，与上面的大道正好形成立体交叉，故称为桥。这是一条南北走向的石砌台基大道。丹陛桥为天坛内坛的主轴线，起着连接南端圜丘坛和北端祈谷坛两组建筑物的重要作用。桥面中心线的石板道叫"神道"，神道左右两侧的条石道，分别叫"御道"和"王道"。天帝神灵走"神道"，皇帝走御道，王公大臣走王道。 沿着丹陛桥继续向北走，现在在我们左边的是具服台,它位设于丹陛桥北段东侧，为一座凸字形平台。这是皇帝前往祈年殿行祀谷礼时，更换冕服(祭服)的地方。

现在我们眼前的便是祈年殿和祈谷坛，这里是明清两代皇帝孟春祈谷的圣地。祈年殿采用上屋下坛的构造形式，三重

檐逐层向上收束，作伞状，祈年殿俗称无梁殿，整座建筑不用大梁长檩及铁钉，完全依靠二十八根擎天柱及众多的枋、木兑、桷、闩支撑和榫接起来。该殿建于明永乐十八年(1420)，初名大祀殿，呈长方形。明嘉靖九年(1530)，改成三重檐圆殿，并自上而下依次覆盖青、黄、绿的三色瓦，改名大享殿。清乾隆十七年(175年)改为今名，同时一律改为覆盖深蓝色琉璃瓦，以象征蓝天。光绪十五年(1889)，该殿毁于雷火，次年又按原样重建。陈列于殿前的青铜大鼎炉，均是几百年前的文物。殿内柱子的数目，据说是按天象设立的。里层的四根鎏金通天柱，叫"龙井柱"，柱高18.5米，底部直径1.2米，两人也难合抱，象征春夏秋冬四季。中层的12根朱红金柱，象征一年12个月。外层的12根檐柱，象征一天的12个时辰。中层12根金柱和外层12根檐柱相加为24根，象征一年中的24个节气。金柱、檐柱和龙井柱相加为28根，象征周天28星宿。再加大殿宝顶藻井周围的8根童柱，共计36根，象征36天罡。宝顶中心的雷公柱，则象征着天帝的"一统天下"。

下面我们看到的是皇乾殿，原是平时放置皇天上帝牌位和皇帝祖先牌位的地方，又有祈谷坛寝宫之称。后来，祭祀仪式中所使用的旌旗、仪仗、乐器等物亦存放于此。内藏不少祭祀文物，现按原样陈列，并塑有清代皇帝的祭天蜡像，常年供游人观览。

现在在我们左手边的是七星石位于长廊东南侧的旷地中，共有七大一小石块。但为何称作"七星石"呢? 据传说，明永乐帝迁都北京时，想修建一座祭天地的坛庙建筑，但难找到合适的地方。这时，有一晚他梦见天上北斗七星落地于此，谓之天遂人意，为其解了不决之难，从而降旨于此地建造祭坛。 据资料记载，七星石为明代嘉靖九年，经人工雕凿后而置于此处的。嘉靖皇帝十分迷信道教，道士对他说，祈年殿东南方太为空旷，这对他的皇位、寿命不利。于是便设七星石在此，以镇压风水。在七星石东北隅还有一块小石头，据说这是清朝统治者为了纪念他们的祖先功德而增置的。其设于七星石的东北方向，用以表示不忘本源之意。

这里是天坛的东门，关于天坛就给大家介绍到这里，我为大家在这次游览给予的配合表示感谢，谢谢大家，若是在游览中我有什么做得不够的请大家见谅。希望大家接下来旅途愉快，再见。