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红楼梦英文论文(通用20篇)

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篇1:毕业论文答辩英文自我介绍

范文类型:自我评介,全文共 338 字

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我的指导老师是进修学校副校长*老师。从确定选题、拟定题纲、完成初稿,到最后定稿,我得到了谌老师精心细致的指导,使我很快掌握了论文的写作方法,并能在较短的时间里迅速完成论文的写作。不管今天答辩的结果如何,我都会由衷的感谢指导老师的辛勤劳动,感谢各位评委老师的批评指正。

经典论文答辩开场白

各位老师,下午好! 我叫,是**级**班的学生,我的论文题目是--------------------,论文是在导师的悉心指点下完成的,在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意,向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢,并对三年来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意。下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师作一汇报,恳请各位老师批评指导。

首先,我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。

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篇2:毕业论文答辩英文自我介绍

范文类型:自我评介,全文共 357 字

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经典论文答辩开场白

各位老师,下午好! 我叫,是**级**班的学生,我的论文题目是--------------------,论文是在导师的悉心指点下完成的,在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意,向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢,并对三年来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意论文答辩自我介绍及开场白论文答辩自我介绍及开场白。下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师作一汇报,恳请各位老师批评指导。

首先,我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。

作为计算机应用的一部分,图书销售管理系统对图书销售进行管理,具有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点,极大地提高图书销售管理效率及在同行业中的竞争力.因此,图书销售管理系统有着广泛的市场前景和实际的应用价值.

其次,我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要内容 本文分成五个部分.

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篇3:毕业论文答辩英文自我介绍

范文类型:自我评介,全文共 1180 字

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Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am and my supervisor is . With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

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篇4:毕业论文英文致谢词范文_论文致谢信_网

范文类型:致谢词,全文共 2386 字

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毕业论文英文致谢词范文

范文一

First of all, I’d like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor X , who has done a great favor to my thesis. From the planning of the questionnaire to the revision of the thesis, I have benefited greatly from his patience, encouragement and excellent guidance. What’s more, I am deeply moved by his serious attitude towards academic work.

Secondly, I would like to give my thanks to the hundreds of students and teachers in Guilin Experiential Middle School Attached to the Capital Normal University and Guilin No.1 Middle School, who have provided the statistics of the investigation for my thesis, especially Mr. X , the vice headmaster of the Attached Middle School and Ms. X , who supported me a lot in my investigation.

Finally, my thanks go to Ms X and Ms for their valuable suggestions.

范文二

My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.

Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.

Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis。

范文三

I am greatly indebted to my supervisor, Professor Wang Shuting, for his valuable instructions and suggestions on my thesis as well as his careful reading of the manuscript.

I feel grateful to all the teachers in the College of Foreign Languages of China University of Petroleum who once offered me valuable courses and advice during my study. My sincere thanks are also given to Pro. Dai Ruiliang and Pro. Sun Chengrong. from whose lectures I benefited greatly.

Last but not least, I owe much to my friends and classmates for their valuable suggestions and critiques which are of help and importance in making the thesis a reality.

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篇5:英文论文的致谢范文_论文致谢信_网

范文类型:致谢词,全文共 3992 字

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英文论文的致谢范文

论文致谢一:

This thesis would never have materialized without the help and support frommany parties.

First, Id like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor in China ForeignAffairs University, Professor Zhang Xiaoli, who gave me a lot of useful andconstructive advice on my thesis. With his professional and academic knowledge, hetaught me how to do research, how to revise the thesis. Whenever I sent him ane-mail concerning my thesis, he replied soon. He spent a lot of time reading andcorrecting my thesis. Only under his guidance and encouragement could I finish thisthesis.

I am also indebted to all my teachers in the English Department of ChinaForeign Affairs University. As a teacher myself, I learned a lot about interpretation,translation, culture and teaching methods from them, which is helpful to my job.

I wish to express my thanks to my leader, dean of the Department of AppliedLinguistics, Capital Medical University. She encouraged me constantly to finish thestudy.

At last, I want to thank my husband and other family members and relatives,who showed their concern and support when I pursued my study.

论文致谢二:

This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and help fromseveral individuals who contributed and extended their valuable assistance in thepreparation and completion of my study.

First and foremost, my utmost gratitude to my supervisor at China Foreign AffairsUniversity, Dr. Lu Xiaohong, for her guidance, understanding, patience, and most ofall, her support during my writing of the thesis paper. She has spent so much of hertime giving me direction and reading, correcting my thesis paper. Without her advices,I would have been lost in a wrong field.

I would also like to thank all of my teachers in the English Department of ChinaForeign Affairs University, especially to Professor Shi Yi, Professor Sun Jisheng,Professor Song Aiqun, Professor He Qun and Professor Cui Changqing. I have learneda lot from them during my time at this university, and I will always miss the time Ihave spent together with them in the classroom.

I would like to express my thanks to all faculty members who have provided usnumerous support and help.

Finally, and most importantly, I would like to thank my parents. Their support,encouragement, quiet patience and unwavering love are the driving power of my work.

I thank my son, Gao Zizheng, who always cheers me up and brings inspirations to me.

论文致谢三:

First and foremost, I would like to extend my deeply sincere gratitude to my respectablesupervisor,Professor Yan Jinglan, who has guided me to the world of InterculturalCommunication Studies and inspired me greatly in the study, and encouraged me to make abold attempt in writing this thesis. Her profound learning, inspiring inculcation and constantstrictness have stimulated my enthusiasm for working on the subject and thesis. Without herenlightened instruction and patient revision,it would be impossible for the accomplishment ofmy thesis.

I am also obliged to Professor Wang Zhiqin, Professor Yang Huimin and Professor ChenLi, who asked me enlightening questions during thesis proposal defense and inspired me toretrospect my study on discourse analysis. My special thanks are due to those teachers,Professor Shao Zhihong,Professor Yu Jianguo, and Professor Wang Jianguo,whose classeslead me to learn more about translation theories,linguistic corpus knowledge, which alsoenlighten my construction on the thesis. Besides, my gratitude also goes to all other teacherswho have offered me help in the School of Foreign Languages at East China University ofScience and Technology during my two and a half years study.

Finally,I am also deq?ly grateful to my family for their love,understanding andencouragement. It is the mental,spiritual and financial support from my parents to keep meinsisting on completing the thesis; especially I wish to dedicate this thesis to my dear motherwho contributed herself to my life and study through the past twenty-four years.

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篇6:精选英文毕业论文致谢_论文致谢信_网

范文类型:致谢词,全文共 5797 字

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精选英文毕业论文致谢

致谢一:

this thesis would not have been possible without constructive advice and helpfrom many persons.

first and foremost, i wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor inchina foreign affairs university, professor ran jijun, for his great advice andguidance on the content and format of this thesis, which is critical for revision.

without his academic guidance, i could not have accomplished this thesis.

i would like to express my appreciation to all my teachers in the englishdepartment of china foreign affairs university, especially to professor he yinghong,professor guo liqiu, professor sun jisheng, professor zhang lei, professor songaiqun, professor wei lamei and professor he qun for everything i have learned fromthem during the two years at this university.

also, the emotional support from my parents and my husband is no less importantthan the academic assistance.

in the end, i would like to express my thanks to my colleagues who helped collectuseful reference books and materials for me.

致谢二:

i would like to extend my deep gratitude to all those who have offered me a lot ofhelp and support in the process of my thesis writing.

first and foremost, my sincere thanks go to professor li changbao, my supervisor,who has offered me numerous valuable comments and suggestions with incomparablepatience and encouraged me profoundly throughout my postgraduate study. without hispainstaking teaching and insightful advice, the completion of this thesis would havebeen impossible.

also, i owe many thanks to all the professors who have taught me during myprevious study in this university, for leading me into a challenging yet fascinating fieldof academic research. the profit that i gained from them will be of everlastingsignificance to my future research.

last but not least, i am deeply indebted to my family and friends, who have helpedme and shared with me my worries, frustrations, and happiness.

致谢三:

this thesis would not come into being if i had not received help from mysupervisor, teachers, classmates, and family. they offered me so much encouragement,without which i could have already given up. but before i express my sincerestgratitude to them, i would thank my god. it was always he who first came to help mewhen my faith was influenced by blakes unorthodox theological thinking. again itwas he who gave me wisdom and patience to do whatever i did for his glory.

“whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might.” (niv, ecclesiastes 9:10)and here is the prayer when i was in the valley of despair: “may the favor of the lordour god rest upon us; establish the work of our hands for us-yes, establish the workof our hands.” (psalm 91:17) it is his faithfulness and unfailing love that urged me towrite the thesis with all my might.

my supervisor xu xiaodong did offer me so much help that i feel so grateful tohim. he has lent me over thirty valuable monographs, biographies, anthologies, andcollections of essays. nearly all of the books were bought from abroad at his ownexpense. his fervent love for literature, his relentless pursuit of knowledge, and hismeticulous attitude towards research manifest the personalities and qualities i shouldcultivate as a qualified scholar. whenever i sent him an article he always gave meprecious suggestions that really improved my critical thinking a lot. for many times ifailed to keep my promise, he forgave me and kept encouraging me to pursue mystudies. i give my most genuinely gratitude to him for his generous help.

besides my supervisor, i have benefited from many other teachers. prof. zhangruwen, prof. yi jianhong, prof. jiang yuebin, sun jiurong and wei lina, they havetaught me many critical approaches and broadened the scope of my knowledge invarious fields of literature. moreover, i would like to extend my gratitude to myclassmates and roommates. they taught me how to balance study and rest. i alsothank my family, especially my sister, who came to my school many times to visit me.

her support and comfort gave me much strength.

lastly my gratitude would be expressed to charles gardner, paul berger, helenc. white, maung ba-han, s. foster damon, j. g. davies. even though some of themhave gone to the land where no traveler returns back, their results of years of researchwill be passed down to future generations. without their researches, students ofwilliam blake would fumble many more years in the mystical land of the mystic-poet.

william ralph inge, miss evelyn underhill, emily herman, joseph b. collins,without whose systematic exploration of mysticism i would be totally at loss in thevast ocean of this particular human experience.

致谢四:

i would like express my gratitude to all those who offer great help for my thesis.

first and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor professor yumuhong, for his father-like encouragement and guidance. he provided me withabundant suggestions and priceless criticisms for my writing of the thesis. but for hisconstant patient guidance and enlightenment, the thesis would have become a missionimpossible.

my sincere thanks also go to the teachers from the school of foreign languages ofzhejiang university of finance and economics, who jointly led me into the holy templeof academic field. here, i want to send my gratefulness to those respected teachers likeprof. wang baorong, prof. li changbao, prof. chen xianghong, prof. shao youxue,prof. teng chao, prof. cen qunxia etc. thank you for your being with me and beingthe witnesses for the birth, growth and perfection of my thesis.

i feel indebted to my parents, without their mental and material support, i couldbarely finish the thesis on time.

finally, my thanks should be sent to all my classmates, for their endless supportand warm hearts, making me feel like living in a united big family.

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篇7:毕业论文英文致谢词范文

范文类型:致谢词,全文共 206 字

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范文一First of all, Id like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor X , who has done a great favor to my thesis. From the planning of the questionnaire to the revision of the thesis, I have

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篇8:英文论文的致谢范文

范文类型:致谢词,全文共 209 字

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论文致谢一:This thesis would never have materialized without the help and support frommany parties.First, Id like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor in China ForeignAffairs University, Professor Zhang

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篇9:精选英文毕业论文致谢

范文类型:致谢词,全文共 210 字

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致谢一:this thesis would not have been possible without constructive advice and helpfrom many persons.first and foremost, i wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor inchina foreign affairs university,

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篇10:建筑施工实习论文各种民用建筑的施工建设单位_实习报告_网

范文类型:汇报报告,适用行业岗位:建筑,全文共 7303 字

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建筑施工实习论文--各种民用建筑的施工建设单位

实习方向:各种民用建筑的施工建设单位;

实习地点:鄂尔多斯市东胜区天骄北路

实习时间:XX年7月30日

指导老师:

项目名称:鄂尔多斯市天骄绿苑佳泰小区

建设单位:鄂尔多斯市亿成房地产开发有限公司

设计单位:鄂尔多斯市天工建筑工程设计有限公司

施工单位:鄂尔多斯市亿泰建筑有限公司

实习学生:内农大职业技术学院工程技术系04建工甲班   尹士廷

一、实习目的

通过接触和参加实际工作,充实和扩大自己的知识面,培养综合应用的能力,为以后课程以及日后走上工作岗位打下基础。

二、实习内容

参加测量工程、钢筋工程、模板工程、混凝土工程、砌筑工程施工全过程的操作实习,学习每个工种的施工技术和施工组织管理方法,学习和应用有关工程施工规范及质量检验评定标准,学习施工过程中对技术的处理方法。

三、实习概况

实习地点在鄂尔多斯市东胜区天骄绿苑佳泰小区参加施工实习,遵守实习单位和学校的安全规章制度,出勤率高,积极向工人师傅请教,善于发现问题,并运用所学的理论知识,在工地技术员的帮助下解决问题。对测量工程、钢筋工程、模板工程、混凝土工程等有了很具体的了解,同时对部分工程进行实践操作。实习期间完成了实习任务,达到了实习目的。

四、工程简介

(一)设计依据:

1、建设单位提供的与本工程有关的资料和设计任务书。

2、建筑和有关工种提供的作业图和有关资料。

3、国家现行有关规范、规程

1)《民用建筑热工设计规范》gb50176—93

2)《采暖通风与空间调节设计规范》gb50019—

3)《建筑给排水设计规范》gb50015—

4)《住宅设计规范》gb50096—1999

5)《新建集中供暖住宅分户热计量设计技术规范》dbj01—605—

6)《建筑设计防火规范》gbj16—87(XX年版)

7)《建筑给排水及采暖工程施工质量验收规范》gb50242—

8)《民用建筑节能设计标准》jgj26—95

4、已批的扩建审批意见;

5、建设单位提供的建筑周围市政条件资料;

6、业主对本工程的有关意见及要求;

(二)结构:

1、工程名称:天骄绿苑佳泰小区7#、9#、10#、11#、12#、15#楼。

2、建设地点:鄂尔多斯市东胜区天骄北路。

3、设计标准:建筑防火等级为二级;

建筑耐火等级为二级;抗震设防烈度为八级;

建筑耐久年限为50年;

结构类型为砖混住宅楼;

桩基础安全等级为二级;

屋面防水等级为三级,防水层合理使用年限为XX年。

4、主要经济指标:(以7#楼为例)

总建筑面积3851.12m2,共有a、b两种户型。a户型建筑面积为105.85 m2,b户型面积为101.85 m2,跃层面积为90.25 m2,楼梯面积为198.30 m2,阳台面积为171.05 m2。

5、建筑总高度、层高及标高

建筑层高为五层加跃层,建筑总高度为19.45m,一至五层层高均为2.95m,跃层高度为3.90m,室内外高差为0.900m,本工程室内地坪标高±0.000相当于绝对标高1442.000m。

6、建筑物的总尺寸

建筑物总长33.240,总宽11.640m。

7、基础

1)本工程采用钢筋混凝土桩基础,混凝土强度等级为c20,成桩方法为干作业钻孔成桩,基础持力层为细砂岩,单桩承载力为282kn,地基承载力特征值为250kpa。

2)桩基础的桩为摩擦桩,桩径 (圆孔桩)。

3)混凝土坍落度为80~100mm。

4)边坡处单桩进入持力层深度不小于2.5m局部陡坡边坡处单桩进入持力层深度不小于3.5m。

5)桩与桩之间采用承台梁连接,承台梁的尺寸为550×500mm,混凝土等级为c25。

8、主体

本工程主体采用 普通烧结砖和 水泥砂浆砌筑,各层梁、板、柱与梁的钢筋均为绑扎搭接。

楼房屋顶为坡屋顶,局部为有组织排水(跃层露台处),雨水管的公称直径为 。

(三)功能简介

本工程均为住宅,在跃层处设有2.7m2的露台,可供人们进行户外活动。

五、具体参加工作

第一部分:测量工程

施工测量是直接为工程施工服务的,其成果不仅是进行施工及施工检查的一条准绳,而且还是验证竣工工程的位置、标高和相互间关系尺寸是否符合设计要求的重要依据。

(一)测量仪器配置及建立控制网

根据工程特点及工程结构情况,主要测量仪器有:电子经纬仪1台、普通水准仪1台。

根据规划局提供给施工单位的水平坐标和水准点,建立适合本工程的测量定位轴线网络和标高控制网络,其中重要的控制坐标要做成标准的永久性坐标点。测量放线采用预放、粗放、精确定位的方法进行反复核查,确定平面控制轴线。±0.000m采用外控制法进行平面网络控制,依据现场情况确定基准点、控制点、通视点,±0.000m以上采用内控制法进行放线控制,将规划局给定的水准点利用水准仪引测到规划建筑物周围相对比较稳定的已建建筑物上。利用水准点作为高程控制依据,将绝对高程换算成相对高程。用钢尺、水准尺、水准仪传递高程,在各层测设出高程控制点(建筑五零线),并作出标识,同时定期对各标高进行复核,保证施工人员控制楼层标高。

(二)楼层放线:(现以楼房西山墙拐角为例)

由于楼层不高,我们是用线坠和经纬仪配合使用来放楼层轴线的。从上一层向一层垂吊下一层轴线技术人员把线坠吊到一层,量出垂线与墙体的水平距离,然后上一层人员在由垂线量出在一层相同的水平距离加上外墙到轴线的水平距离得出1轴和g轴(即轴线)。在西山墙的南北两个拐点处分别用同样的方法测出轴线1轴。注意的是:如果在西山墙引轴线,那么再放下一层的时候也要在此处引测。然后在到东山墙引g轴和19轴,再用工程线(如果拉不通工程线,就用经纬仪头测)把西山墙的g轴点和东山墙的g轴点连起来,再在整个楼板上把g轴放通,并用墨线把g轴和1轴都弹出来。剩下的轴线均用放出来的1轴和g轴作为参考轴线,用钢尺量出并用墨线弹出。如图1-1 >

1-1 标准层平面图

第二部分:钢筋工程

钢筋使用必须坚持先检查后使用的原则;钢筋必须有出厂合格证和检验报告,按国家规范进行复检合格后方可用于工程中,钢筋在现场加工,制作加工工序为:钢筋机械安装→钢筋对焊→锥螺纹加工→弯曲成型→钢筋绑扎。

1、钢筋性能

钢筋出厂质量证明书主要包括:钢筋的化学成分、拉力试验取得 值,弯曲试验取得的冷弯、反向弯曲情况,显微组织、脱碳、晶粒度、夹杂情况,冷热顶锻及硬度情况。

钢材的力学检验主要包括:钢筋拉伸试验所测得钢材的屈服点、抗拉强度、伸长率;冷弯试验所测钢材弯芯直径及弯曲角度情况。

2、钢筋加工

本工程钢筋,技术人员根据图纸及规范认真作出钢筋翻样,对复杂节点的钢筋要求进行放样,同时给据图纸机构分区、分部配套翻样,并按施工进度安排好钢筋的加工计划。钢筋加工现场抽样检查合格后,方可加工。根据施工进度和钢筋下料表加工成型。钢筋制作前应对弯曲、变形的钢筋进行调直处理,剔除有表面缺陷的钢筋。加工成型后应挂有明显料牌,标明形状规格、数量、部位、分段、分层、分部位、分施工顺序堆放整齐,专人发放。

钢筋加工的允许偏差

项   目允许偏差(mm)

受力钢筋顺长度方向全长的净尺寸±10

弯起钢筋的弯折位置±20

箍筋内净尺寸±5

3、钢筋绑扎

1梁和柱箍筋应与受力钢筋垂直设置。箍筋弯勾离合处,应沿受力筋方向错开设置,梁上(下)部受力,则弯勾离合处在下(上)方。为防止柱箍筋位移,柱筋上的外伸部位要加箍固定。

2板的主筋绑扎,短向钢筋在下,长向钢筋在上,梁板钢筋绑扎完成后,及时搭设人行道和混凝土运输道,严禁踩踏负筋。

3确保钢筋保护层和负筋高度,必须放垫块,垫块要按一定间距均匀布置。

4主梁与次梁相交时,均应在主梁两侧附加箍筋,箍筋加密区可以提高主梁的抗剪强度,另外次梁底筋应放在主梁纵筋之上。

5柱与梁相交处钢筋过密,且该处有搭接时则可将搭接部分移到柱的一侧,保证该处梁尺寸便于浇筑混凝土。

钢筋安装位置的允许偏差和检验方法

项   目允许偏差

(mm)检验方法

绑扎钢筋网长、宽±10钢尺检查

网眼尺寸±20钢尺量连续三当,取最大值

绑扎钢筋骨架长±10钢尺检查

宽、高±5钢尺检查

受力钢筋间  距±10钢尺量两端、中间各一点

排  距±5取最大值

保护层厚度基 础±10钢尺检查

柱、梁±5钢尺检查

板、墙、壳±3钢尺检查

绑扎箍筋、横向钢筋间距±20钢尺量连接三档,取最大值

钢筋弯起点位置20钢尺检查

预埋件中心线位置5钢尺检查

水平高差+3钢尺和塞尺检查

注:1、检查预埋件中心线位置时,应沿纵、横两个方向量测,并到其中的较大值;

2、表中梁类、板类构件上部纵向受力钢筋保护层厚度的合格点率应达到90%及以上,且不得有超过表中数值1.5倍的尺寸偏差。

3、当纵向受拉钢筋的绑扎搭接接头面各百分率不大于25%时,其最小搭接长度应符合下表规定

纵向受拉钢筋的最小搭接长度

钢筋类型混凝土强度等级

c15c20~c25c30~c35≥c40

光圆钢筋hpb235级45d35d30d25d

带肋钢筋hrb335级55d45d35d30d

hrb400级、rrb400级-55d40d35d

第三部分:模板工程

模板及其支架应根据工程结构形式、荷载大小、地基土类别、施工设备和材料供应等条件进行设计。模板及其支架应具有足够的承载能力、刚度和稳定性,能可靠地承受浇筑混凝土的重量、侧压力以及施工荷载。浇筑混凝土时模板及支架在混凝土重力、侧压力及施工荷载等作用下胀模(变形)、跑模(位移)甚至坍塌的情况时有发生。为避免事故,保证工程质量和施工安全,提出了对模板及其支架进行观察、维护和发生异常情况时进行处理的要求。

1、安装现浇结构的上层模板及其支架时,下层楼板应具有承受上层荷载的承载能力,或加设支架;上、下层支架的立柱应对准,并铺设垫板。

2、现浇多层房屋和构筑物的模板及其支架安装时,上、下层支架的立柱应对准,以利于混凝土重力及施工荷载的传递,这是保证施工安全和质量的有效措施。

3、模板的接缝不应漏浆;在浇筑混凝土前,木模板应浇水湿润,但模板内不应有积水;

4、模板与混凝土的接触面应清理干净并涂刷隔离剂,但不得采用影响结构性能或妨碍装工程施工的隔离剂;

5、浇筑混凝土前,模板内的杂物应清理干净;

6、对清水混凝土工程及装饰混凝土工程,应使用能达到设计效果的模板。

7、无论是采用何种材料制作的模板,其接缝都应保证不漏浆。木模板浇水湿润有利于接缝闭合而不致漏浆,但因浇水湿润后膨胀,木模板安装时的接缝不宜过于严密。模板内部和与混凝土的接触面应清理干净,以避免夹渣等缺陷。本条还对清水混凝土工程及装饰混凝土工程所使用的模板提出了要求,以适应混凝土结构施工技术发展的要求。

现浇结构模板安装的允许偏差及检验方法

项   目允许偏差(mm)检验方法

轴线位置5钢尺检查

底模上表面标高±5水准仪或拉线、钢尺检查

截面内部尺寸基础±10钢尺检查

柱、墙、梁+4, -5钢尺检查

层高垂直度不大于5m6经纬仪或吊线、钢尺检查

大于5m8经纬仪或吊线、钢尺检查

相邻两板表面高低差2钢尺检查

表面平整度32m靠尺和塞尺检查

注:检查轴线位置时,应沿纵、横两个方向量测,并取其中的较大值。

8、对跨度不小于4m的现浇钢筋混凝土梁、板,其模板应按设计要求起拱;当设计无具体要求时,起打针高度宜为跨度的1/1000~3/1000。

9、固定在模板上的预埋件、预留孔和预留洞均不得遗漏,且应安装牢固,其偏差应符合下表规定。

预埋件和预留孔洞的允许偏差

项  目允许偏差(mm)

预埋钢板中心线位置3 寸,只允许在,不允许小。在允许偏差表中,不允许的偏差都以“0”来表示。

11、底模及其支架拆除时的混凝土强度应符合设计要求;当设计无具体要求时,混凝土强度应符合下表规定。

底模拆除时的混凝土强度要求

构件类型构件跨度(m)达到设计的混凝土立方体抗压强度

标准值的百分率(%)

板≤2≥50

2,≤8≥75

8≥100

梁、拱、壳≤8≥75

8≥100

悬臂构件-≥100

由于过早拆模、混凝土强度不足而造成混凝土结构构件沉降变形、缺棱掉角、开裂、甚至塌陷的情况时有发生。为保证结构的安全和作用功能,提出了拆模时混凝土强度的要求。该强度通常反映为同条件养护混凝土试件的强度。考虑到悬臂构件更容易因混凝土强度不足而引发事故,对其拆模时的混凝土强度应从严要求。

第四部分:混凝土工程

结构混凝土的强度等级必须符合设计要求。用于检查结构构件混凝土强度的试件,应在混凝土的浇筑地点随机抽取。取样与试件留置应符合下列规定:

1、每拌制100盘且不超过100m³的同配合比的混凝土,取样不得少于一次;

2、每工作班拌制的同一配合比的混凝土不足100盘时,取样不得少于一次;

3、当一次连续浇筑超过100m³时,同一配合比的混凝土每200m³取样不得少于一次;

4、每一楼层、同一配合比的混凝土,取样不得少于一次;

5、每次取样应至少留置一组标准养护试件,同条件养护试件的留置组数应根据实际需要确定。

原材料每盘称量的允许偏差

材料名称允许偏差

水泥、掺合料±2%

粗、细骨料±3%

水、外加剂±2%

6、做混凝土试块:

先清理试块模,再在试块模上刷隔离剂,并把试块模的紧固螺旋拧紧,以免放入混凝土后发生跑模。注意刷隔离剂时不要刷的过多,过2到3分钟后从混凝土罐中用铁锹将混凝土铲入试模。然后用钢筋棍将混凝土捣实,直到不再有气泡冒出。最后将混凝土表面抹平,放到无震动荷载处。等到24小时后拆模,拆模时在试块上表明标号日期。

混凝土试件尺寸及强度的尺寸换算系数

骨料最大粒径(mm)试件尺寸(mm)强度的尺寸换算系数

≤31.5100*100*1000.95

≤40150*150*1501.00

≤63200*200.05

浇筑混凝土板时混凝土的虚铺厚度要略大于板厚,振捣完毕后用1.5~4m的刮杠刮平,用木抹子抹平,并根据构造柱钢筋上的控制线线拉线检查板底标高,严格控制平整度,尤其在墙、柱的根部。

楼梯混凝土从上至下的浇筑,现振捣板底混凝土,达到踏步位置后,在于踏步混凝土一起浇筑,不断连续向上浇筑,并随时用木抹子将踏步上表面抹平。

混凝土垫层的浇筑:钉控制桩,垫层厚度为10公分,强度等级为c15,宽度为700mm,混凝土采用平板式振捣器振捣,混凝土振捣密实后,以钉的控制桩上的标高拉的工程线为准检查平整度,高出的地方铲掉,低的地方补平,用木抹子抹平。

六、实习中存在的问题:

不实践很多问题都考虑不到,实践后才知道什么情况都可能遇到,这就要求我们必须有丰富的实践经验,像刚刚走出校门的实习生实践经验还很不丰富,但理论中的东西要是也什么都不会,那在实习过程中就吃不开了。到了施工现场经过一段时间的实习,才体会到并不是课本中学的东西用不上,而是要看你会不会用,懂不懂得变通和举一反三的道理。本次实习中比较严重的问题有以下几个:

问题一:对理论知识掌握不够扎实,例如:混凝土、砂浆试块的养护时间,做试块时应该振捣到什么程度,混凝土浇筑完毕后的养护温度、养护时间,另外对混凝土出现裂缝分析不出原因等等。这些概念都很模糊,实习时用到了才知道自己没学好,在学校时只是为了应付考试为了过关,才在考试的前几天报老师讲过的重点死记硬背上几遍,一等考试过去后脑子里就是一片空白,不管以后又用与否就都在记忆里消失了。等到需要时才知道自己还没记住这些,就像现在进入施工现场没有人会问你这些,但是作为一个技术人员,不知道试块该怎么养护、混凝土出现裂缝是什么原因等一系列的问题,还怎么能指导施工呢?

针对这个问题解决的办法就时在以后的学习中做到扎实掌握,不死记硬背做到灵活运用,与实践相接合。

问题二: 熟悉图纸的能力差,对平面的图形想象不出立体的样子。致使不能明确的判断出施工的对错。

问题三:对于最新的施工规范不知道,致使不能很快的判断出施工的对错。

问题四:对于一些施工顺序还不太明了,对每一个施工过程的操作不了解。

问题五:理论联系实际的能力差。对于建筑方面的一些出新了解太少。

问题六:实际中的建筑标高和结构标高在计算施工标高时容易混淆,尤其用五零线控制墙体、门窗洞口的控制高度时容易出错,分不清什么时候包括了地面做法,什么时候不包括。

七、实习的经验及收获:

首先本此实习最大的收获就是学会了适应环境。未去工地之前我从没想象国两个月的实习我能承下来。但是通过这次实习我适应了这种工地生活。虽说以后不一定去工地工作,但有了这段时间的锻炼,不论以后做什么工作心中都有了一种吃苦耐劳的毅力,也学会了适应环境。另外就是在工地上知道了一些与学校不同的问题,就是在工地上知道了作为一名技术人员应该怎样去和工人交流等。

其次,通过这次实习使我对工程方面的有关知识在实际上有了更深一些的了解。应该说在学校学习再多的专业知识也只是理论上的,与实际还是有点差别的。这次实习对我的识图及作图能力都有一定的帮助,识图时知道哪些地方该注意、须细心计算。在结构上哪些地方须考虑施工时的安全问题,在绘图时哪些地方该考虑实际施工中的问题。到即能施工又符合规范要求,达到设计、施工标准化。没有这次实习也许绘图只是用书本上的照搬照画,不会考虑太多的问题,更不可能想到自己的设计是否能施工。

集中标注说明

注写形式表达内容附加说明

或基础主梁编号,具体包括代号、序号(跨数及外伸状况):一端有外伸; :两端有外伸; :无外伸仅注跨数

界面尺寸:梁宽 梁高当加腋时,用 表示,其中 为腋长; 为腋高。

箍筋道数、强度等级、直径、第一种间距/第二种间距(肢数)

底部(b)贯通纵筋根数、强度等级、直径;顶部(t)贯通纵筋根数、强度等级、直径。底部纵筋应有1/2至1/3贯通全跨。

梁侧面纵向构造钢筋根数、强度等级、直径。为梁两个侧面构造钢筋的总根数

梁底面相对于基准面标高的高差。高者加+号,低者加-号,无高差不注

原位标注(含贯通筋)的说明

注写形式表达内容附加说明

基础主梁柱下与础次梁支座区域底部纵筋根数、强度等级、直径以及用“/”分隔各排钢筋根数。为该区域底部包括贯通筋与非贯通筋在内的全部纵筋。

附加箍筋总根数(两侧均分)强度等级、直径。在主次梁相交处的主梁上引出。

其他原位标注某部位与集中标注不同的内容一级原位标注,原位标注取值优先。

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篇11:国际专利许可合同附英文[页21]_合同范本

范文类型:合同协议,全文共 311 字

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国际专利许可合同(附英文)

the contract is made out in chinese and in englsh. in case of doubt as to

theinterpreta-tion of any provisions gerof, the chinese version shall be controlling.

party a :_________________ party b:___________________

by_______________ by__________________

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篇12:国际专利许可合同附英文[页20]_合同范本

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国际专利许可合同(附英文)

arbitra-tion, the execution of the contract shall be continued except the part which is

under arbit ra-tion.

article 15 applicable law

this contract shall be governed by the laws if the people’s republic of china as tothe

interpretation and performance of the contract.

articl l6 duration

16.1 the contrant os signed on may 8, 1993, by authorized represenatives of botb

par-ties.

after the contract has been signed, the two parties shall apply to their respective

the managing onstructure of the parties or government authorities for apprval. the date

of ap-proval last obtained shall be taken as the date of effectiveness of the contract.

both partfies shallexert their best efforts to obtain the approval within sixty (60)

says and inform the oth-er party by telex and thereafter confirm the same by letter. if

the contract can not come into affect within six (6) months after the date of signing,

both parties are entitlid to consider themselves absolved from the contract.

16.2 tbe contract shall be valid for ten (10) years beginning from the date of its

be-comingeffective, and shall become null and void automatically upon the expiry of the

validity period of the contract.

16.3 the termination of this contract shall not affect in any way the outstanding

claims and the liabilities

existing between the two parties upon the expiry of the validity of the contractand

the debtor shall be kept liable until he fully pays up his debts to the creditor.

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国际专利许可合同(附英文)

by forcer majeure events such as war, serious flood, fire, typhoon and earthquake,

or other events agreed upon between both parties, the term for the execution of the

contract may be extenede by a period equal to that affected by the event(s).

13.2 the involred party shall notify the other party by telex or cable within the

shortest possible time of the occurrence of the force majeure event and within l4 days

thereaftersend by registered airmail to the other party a certificate issued by the

relevant competent authori- ties for confirmation by theother party.

13.3 should the force majeure event last more than one hundred and twenty(120)con-

secutive days,both, parties shall settle the question of further exccution of the

contract through friendly negotiations as soonas possible.

article l4 arbitration

14.1 all disputes arisint from the execution of or in connection with the cotract

shallbesettled through fridly consultations between both parties. in case no settlement

can be reached through consultations, then the disputes shall be submitted to

arbitration.

14.2 the arbitration shall take place in stockholm, sweden, and be conducted by

thearbitration tribunal of thestockholm chamber of commerce in accordance with the

statutes of the said tribunal.

14.3 the arbitration award shall be final and binding upon both parties.

l4.4 the arbitiation fee shall be borne by the losing party.

l4.5 if the arbitration involves only a part of the contract, then in the course of

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responsi-bilityfor keeping secret the part(s) or all of the technology already published.

10.3 after the termination of the contract, party a shall have the rigbt to use

theatents supplide by b, i. e. paryt a shall still have the right to design,

manufacture,use,and export contract products.

article 11 infringement

11.1 party b guarantees that it is the legitimate owner of the patent to the

stipulations of the contract, and that it is lawfully in a position to transfer the

patent to party a. of accusation of infringing the rights of a third party occurs,

party b shall be responsible for the matter and fully the legal and

economicresponsibilities trising therefrom

11.2 a complete list of party b’s patents and patent applications relevant to

contrarct product are specified in appendixl to the contract. within one month after the

contract has comeinto force party b shall despatch to party a two photostat copies of

the letters patentsand patent application(s).

article l2 taxes and duties

12.1 ail taxes, customs duties and other excises arising in connection with the

perfor-mance of the contract outside the territory of party a’s country shall be borne

by partyb.

12.2 in the execution of the contract, any income made by party b within the

territory of china shall be subject to taxation according to the tax laws of the people`s

republic of china.

article l3 force majeure

13.1 if either of the contracting parties is prevented from executing the contract

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if,as theresult,party a cannot start normal production with the contract having to be

terminated, party b shall erfund all the payments previously made by party a to party b

together with the interest at the rate of... percent per annum.

9.8 if only some aspects of the properties of the product are not up to the standards

asstipulated in the contract and the responsibility lies with party b, party b shall

compensate party a with ... percent of the total contract price according to concredt

circumstances. ifthe responsibility lies with party a, party a shall pay the total

contract price in accordancewith the stipulations.

article 10 confidentiality

10. 1 all drawings, designs, specifications and all other technical information

made available under this contract by party b shall be kept strictly confidential by

party a who.shall not sell, transfer or divulge it in any manner to anyone except

those of its own employ-ees who will be using it in the manufacture of the products,

without prior written consent ofparty b. party a may. however,supply such technical

information to its subcontractor to the extent necessary for such subcontractor to

manufacture parts of contract products,pro-vidingthat party a shall have such

subcontractor agree, in writing, to hold suchnical information strictly in confidence.

10.2 ln case any part (s) or all of the above-mentioned technical information have

been madepublic by party b or any third party. party a shall be thus released form the

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develop-ment of or improvement on the contracted product.

9.2 party b guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by party b are

com-plete,correct,legible and are to be despatched in time.

9.3 if the documents suppied by party b are not in conformity with the stipulation

in article 6, party b shall, within the shortext possible time but not later than 3o

days after re-ceipt of party a’s written notice, despatch free of charge to party a

the missing or the cor- rcet and legible technical socuments.

9.4 if party b fails to despatch the said documents within the stipulated period as

per appendix 2 party b shall pay penalty to party a in the following proportions:

(a)...percent of the total contract price for delay from 1 to 4 weeks.

(b)...percent of the total contract price for delay form 5 to 8 weeks.

(c)...percent of the total contract price for delay exceeding weeks;

9.5 the payment of penalties by party b to party a as stipulated in article 9 shll

not releve party b of its obligation to deliver the said documents.

9.6 whenever the delay in delivering the said documents exceeds 6 months, party a

shall be entitled to terminate the contract at its discretion and party b shall be

obliged to re- fund party a all its payments together with the corresponding ingerest

at the rate of... per-cent per annum.

9.7 if the verification tests fail with the responsibility lying with party b and

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stipulated ih article9.if the responsibility for the failure lies with party a, the two

parties shall negotiate as tohow to further implement the contract.

article 8 technical improvements

8.1 if the technical documents provided by party b are not applicable to party a’s

actualproduction condidions (such as design standards, raw materials, purchased parts

for the ma-chine, production facilitie), party b is obliged to assist party a in

modifying the technicaldocuments and confirm the same. upon the condition that the

properties of the contracted products are not affected, raw materials, fittings and

equipmint of chinese origin may be used.

8.2 during the currency of the contract. if eithet of the two parties effets improve-

ments on or developments of the products within the xcope stipulated in the contract,

thd said party shall submit, free of charge, to the other party the technological

information con-cernign such improvements or developments.

8.3 the ownership of such improvements on or developments of the ontracted product

shall belong to the party who has effected such improvements or develpments. the othe

paryt shall not apply for patent ortransfer the same to any third arty.

article 9 guarantees and claims

9.1 party b guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by party b are the

latest technical information which has been put into practical use by party b. party b

also undertakesto supply to party a in time the technical information relevant to any

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be carried out by the joint group consisting of party a’s and party b’s representatives

accordingto the schedule and contents stipulated in appendix 7 to the contract. lf the

performance of the contracted product is in conformity with the technical specifications

stipulated in ap-pendix 1, such testshall be considersd as qualified and the

representatives of both parties shll sign the inspection and testing certificate for the

proper performance of the contracted product in quadruplicate, 2copies for each party.

7.2 if the verification test demonstrates that the performance of the contracted

prod-uct isnot in conformity with prescribed technical specifications, both parties

shall, throughamicable negotiations,make a joint study of and analyse the cause and

take measures to e-liminate the defects and carry out asecond test. when the second test

demonstuates tha the performance is qualified, both parties shall sign a testing

certificate for the proper perfot- mance

7.3 if party b is responsible for the failure of the first test, party b shall send

at ist own expense technical ersonnel for the second test.

7.4 if the second test fails again and the failure is attributed to party b, party b

shallindemnify party a for any losses sustained and shall take effective measures to

eliminate thedefects and carry out a third test.

7.5 if the third test again fails, and if party b is responsible for the failure,

party a has the right to terminate the contract at its discretion and lodge claims as

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article 6 technical documents

6.1 party b shall, according to the delivery schedule and details stpulated in

appendix 2to the contract, deliver the documents at________________.

6.2 the date stamped by the air transportation ageney at____________,shll be taken

as the actual date of delivery paryt a shall send to party b a photostat copy of the

airconsignment note shwing the stampde date of arrival.

6.3 within twenty-four hours after the despatch of each lot of the technical documente,

party b shal1 notify party a by cable or telex of the contract number, number and date

of the air consignment note, items of the documents, number of pieces, airmail to

party a two copies of each of the air consignment note and detaikled list of the

technical documents.

6.4 if the technical documents are foumd lost, damaged or mutilated during air

trans-portation, party b shall supply party a free of charge with a second lot of

documents within thechortest possible time but not later than thirty days after it has

received from party a the writtennotice. within sixty days after party a has received

the documents from party b,if party a does not declare the shortage and request to

cover the same, it is considered asa-cepted.

6.5 the technical documents shall be in english and based on metric system of

measure-ments.

article 7 verification and acceptance

7.1 the verification test on the first samplemachine of the contracted product shall

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inspection of the contracted products, so that party a can use the technical documents

and know-how supplied by party b toproducethe same products in the contract factory.

party b shall do its best to arrange for party a’s personnel to visit the majorusers

and the manufacturing process of the components from other countries of the contracted

products.

5.2.2 party a shall send twice its technical personnel to party b’s factory for

training, andthe total number of the participants shall not exceed 320 days/man

(excluding the inter-preter).

5.2.3 the first training shall be from the third to the fourth month after the

contract comes into effect. there shall be 4 technical persons and an interpreterto be

sent to party b for training for 16o working days/man (5 days week). the training shall

cover the design of the contracted products and manufacturing technology.

5.2.4 the second training shall be from the eighth to the nineth month. party a shall

sent 4 technical persons and an interpreter to party b’s factory for training for 160

working days/man  (5 days per week). the training shall cover the designing, the

manufacturing technology,erection and adjustment of the contracted products.

5.2.5 party a shall bear the travelling expenses of its trainees; party b shall

provide party a’s trainees free of charge with boarding, lodging and means of

conveyance for travel- ling between the lodging place and the factory.

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