北京天坛英语介绍20个单词热门20篇

农村中学生英语单词学习现状调查报告

一、调查目的

目前农村学校中对词汇教学不够重视，词汇教学观念陈旧，教学模式单一。主要采用传统的英语词汇教学：理解词汇，分析词性，展示例句，拓展词组，模仿背诵，造句翻译，在整个教学过程中，教师花费较多时间讲解单词用法，学生则忙于笔记而减少了思考和运用。这种教学强调了教师单方面的教，忽视了学生学习的主动性，忽视了语言能力是在使用语言的过程中培养起来的事实，使学生处于被动学习的地位，学生学习词汇很死板，不会灵活运用，也造成学生词汇学习压力大，遗忘率高和哑巴英语的窘境。面对这些现象，想通过对中学生英语词汇教学模式的研究，在英语课堂教学中，改变传统的词汇教学方法，以科学理论为依据，以学生为主体，以情境为依托，以话题为基础，以思维导图为枢纽，以运用为目的词汇教学模式，使学生能在课堂上获得较多的语言实践机会，真正在运用中轻松掌握词汇，从而提高学生的综合运用语言的能力和词汇教学的效率。为了获得词汇学习研究的事实依据，全面了解学生词汇习状况，特地进行了本次调查。

二、调查形式

本次调查主要在七，八，九每个年级中随机抽取一个班对学生进行问卷调查，围绕学生对英语词汇学习状况、方法，存在问题及对教师的教学方法提出了20个选择题和一个简答题，共发出125份问卷，收回有效份数120份。

三、调查结果与分析

1.你对英语单词学习感兴趣吗?

A.有兴趣( 56.7% ) B.一般(35% ) C.没兴趣(8.3% )

学生学习英语的兴趣还是不浓，说明我们的教学模式陈旧，激不起学生的学习欲望。

2. 你了解学习单词的方法吗?

A. 了解，但我一般不采用这些方法 (41.7% )

B. 了解，并且我会经常用这些方法 ( 36.7% ) C. 不了解( 21.6% )

教师在教学过程中注重学习结果，忽视了学习方法的渗透与指导。

3. 你的英语单词的主要来源是。

A.课本 ( 95.5% ) B. 课外阅读材料( 3% )

C. 词汇书( 0% ) D. 词典(0% )

E. 听力材料 ( 0% ) F. 英文原版电影电视( 1.5% )

农村中学学生学习英语的渠道单一，信息闭塞，缺乏学习氛围。

4. 你认为当前英语课本的单词量?

A. 过多 (20 % ) B. 刚刚好 ( 66.7% ) C.太少(8.3% )

D. 不清楚(5 % )学生依赖课本，认为把课本上的单词掌握就行了，满足与现状。

5.你背诵单词目的是。

A.提高自己的词汇量( 35.8% ) B.为了以后的学习(44.2% )

C考试( 20% ) 大部分学生对词汇学习有正确的看法，我们对他们将来的发展有不可推卸的责任。

6. 你认为有必要采用特定的方法去学习单词吗?

A. 有必要 ( 58.3% ) B. 不清楚( 25% ) C. 没必要( 16.7% )

大部分学生渴望学习单词的好方法，少部分学生自主学习的能力，四分之一的学生根本不了解学习单词的方法。

7. 你同意掌握充足的词汇量是提高英语成绩的保证吗?

A. 非常同意 ( 16.7% ) B. 不清楚( 4.2% ) C. 不同意(16.7% )

D. 同意( 54.2% )

大部分学生认为词汇量直接影响他们的英语成绩。

8. 老师在单词表里教完新单元所有单词的读音和中文意思后，你会

A. 很好地记住大部分单词的意思( 59.2% )

B. 很难记住单词的意思( 29.2% ) C. 其它 (11.6% )

折射出我们教学之后有40%的学生根本没掌握，也许两极分化就再这慢慢形成了。

9. 你认为你现在掌握的单词量足够应付你日常英语学习的需要吗?*

例如在听，说，读，写方面。

A. 足够( 13.3% ) B. 可能足够( 36.7% )

C. 不清楚 (4 % ) D. 不够( 46% )

几乎一半的学生认为自己的词汇量还是不够的，说明我们的教学局限与课本，拓展词汇方面有待改进。

10. 你认为你所上的英语单词方面的课能够让你提高你学习单词的兴趣吗?

A. 能 ( 53.3% ) B. 也许能( 33.3 %)

C. 不能 ( 6.7% ) D. 不清楚( 6.6 % )

说明教师在教学中还是把学生放在主导地位，理念在变，但在课堂实施中力度不够或教学方法单一。

11. 每天你会花多少时间在单词学习上

A. 少于30分钟 ( 62.5% ) B. 多于一个小时 (37.5% ) C. 多于两小时( 0% )

说明学生课后有复习单词的意识，缺乏学习环境和教师课后的指导要求。

12.你学习英语单词的最大障碍是

A 单词的发音 ( 27.5% ) B 单词的拼写 ( 23.3% )

C 单词和它的中文意思对应不起来(49.2% )

证明我们的词汇教学缺乏语境，注重学生的读和写，忽略了词汇运用。

13. 你认为在英语课上，老师在开始新单元时教授单词表里该单元所有单词的读音和中文意思

A.好，有利于学生先认识新单元单词，在学习该单元阅读文时扫除生词障碍。( 70.8% )

B. 不好，太多单词一次性学习很难记，而且采用单词表独立地学习单词不利于记单词意思。( 26.7% )

C. 无所谓( 2.5% )

学生已经习惯了，也认为单词学习的目标就是会读，知道词义。说明教师对词汇教学的认识片面，肤浅，不利于学生将来的发展。

14. 你认为老师在教授新单词时创设一定的语境(如小故事、小短文或句子)对你记忆该单词的意思有帮助吗?

A. 有 (90.8% ) B. 没有(5.9%) C. 不知道( 3.3%)

词汇教学确实要注重情境教学，围绕某一话题展开，培养学生的发散思维，引导学生认识词汇不仅仅有词义，语义更为重要。

15. 你更喜欢你的老师运用何种方法让你开始接触新单词?

A. 单词表教学法(在单词表中学习新单元所有单词的读音和中文意思)( 30% )

B. 语境教学法(创设含有新单词的小故事、小短文或句子等情景语境来学习新单词)( 60.8 % )

C. 学生自学( 5% ) D. 其它( 4.2% )

情境教学有利于学生对词汇的理解记忆。

16. 老师采用单词表教学法教新单词，你会觉得该英语课堂

A.知识含量丰富，很精彩 ( 22.5% ) B.简单易学，很有趣( 55% )

C.机械操作，枯燥无味( 22.5% )

教师教学单词主要以单词表为主，逐个领读，讲解，自己在读，然后听写检查。

17. 对于学过的单词，你会怎样复习?

A. 设定一个时间表，有固定复习时间 (15.8% ) B.只要有空就会复习(55 %)

C. 一直不复习直到考试前才看( 17.5 % ) D. 从来不复习 ( 0.8% )

E. 其它( 10.9% )

学习英语的习惯要加强。

A.查词典 ( 50% ) B. 根据上下文猜测词义( 37.5% )

C. 不理它( 12.5% )

学生注重词义，教师在教学单词时没有语篇意识。

19.老师用单词表教学法教新单元单词后，你是如何记单词的?

A. 死记硬背 ( 42.5%) B. 联系单词所在的阅读文来记单词(35.8 %)

C. 其它( 21.7 % )

大多数学生靠死记硬背，且效果不好。

20. 你希望单词课在哪些方面有所改进?

大多数学生提出在课堂上应增加多些活动，小故事或游戏，应增加多些单词练习，应多些拓展单词知识。老师应该改变单词授课的方式，多些创新。

四、结果与建议

从调查结果不难看出，学生对学习英语单词的兴趣不大，学习英语单词的方法欠缺，几乎没有自主学习单词的习惯和能力，死记硬背单词也是为了完成教师的任务或考试，完全处于被动状态。另一方面也说明教师平日对词汇教学研究不够深入，对词汇课的理解片面，认为单词就是教教读音，词义，分析词性，造句等。在这中教学模式下，学生只能成为记单词的机器和奴隶，严重违背了新课标的总目标——培养学生的综合语言运用能力。词汇教学模式改进势在必得，建议如下：

规范词汇课的教学。改变以往的词汇教学理念和方式，(1)抽早自习按单词表教教单词的读音，然后领读，跟读，记忆。(2)听力和阅读中的词汇教学，在课前一次展示出来，教读，记中文意思。(3)单元词汇复习，变成词汇听写或默写。其实，教师应该有单元词汇课，汇话课，阅读中的词汇课等规范的有系统的上好每类词汇课，每一种课型训练侧重点不同。这需要教师在单元备课上下功夫，围绕单元话题，找准中心词采取话题词汇教学。在阅读课中，以语篇情境为载体，采取思维导图的方式展开教学，培养学生的发散思维，达到词汇课的有效性。

运用思维导图的方法进行单元词汇教学。思维导图是一种图示工具，帮助学习者对特定主题建构的知识结构进行视觉化表征。通过思维导图的方法来教学单元词汇教学，能够使学生对单词进行更深的加工，能形成运用更多的学习策略的习惯。如在教学新目标英语unit9 when was it invented?的词汇教学采用了此方法:

运用话题进行词汇教学，把词汇学习的重点放在对词汇的运用而非对词汇拼写和意义的机械记识上。《课标》所规定的24个话题项目，具体为;个人情况;家庭朋友与周围的人;周围的环境;日常活动;学校生活;兴趣与爱好;个人感情;人际关系;计划与愿望;节假日活动;购物;饮食;健康;天气;文娱与体育;旅游与交通;语言学习;自然;世界和环境;科普知识与现代技术;热点话题;历史与地理;社会;文学与艺术。通过这些话题，我们可以组建不同的词汇网络。一旦学生习惯于网络识记词汇，他们的发散思维能得到有效的训练，难以识记的词汇都能快速储存在他们的大脑中，同时词汇网络是一种有效活化词汇的方式。这样做不但能稳固词汇量，而且能扩大词汇量。如图：话题School life的词汇网络：

课堂上词汇检查形式应灵活多样，丰富多彩。长此以往，一成不变，学生厌倦了，势必会抑制学生的思维。要摒弃以前教师说汉语、学生说英文单词的做法，而是采取多种形式，不拘一格。如幻灯片打出释义，即给出单词内涵与外延的方法，要求学生猜出单词，这样做不仅有助于学生用英语思维，而且也可在学习新单词的同时，帮助学生复习原有词汇。还可采用在不改变原意的条件下在句子中进行同义替换的形式，增强了学生活学活用语言的能力。还可以有意给学生一组词，让他们即兴说话，增强学生词不离句，句不离篇的意识。形式的多样化，富有创意、独具匠心的设计，激活了学生的思维，也激发了他们的参与意识。学生踊跃发言，课堂气氛非常活跃。教学效果可想而知。

适时归纳，帮助学生构建词汇体系。教材按单元顺序和字母顺序来编排词汇，这样略显“杂乱无章”不便学生记忆。记忆实际上是信息的输入、存储、编码和提取过程。如果把单词仅看成一个个彼此孤立的语言单位来学习，那就会只见树木，不见森林，记忆难度大。正如仓库管理一样，如果放进东西是杂乱无章的，取出时必定相当困难;相反，如果你对东西加以分门别类，开始存放时似乎困难一点，取出时就相当容易了。心理研究表明，经过理解加工并加以条理化、系统化的知识便于贮存、“检索”应用。当你把单词联系起来进行学习，记与忆就方便多了。教学实践也证明了这一点，把单词进行科学分类，不仅可以帮助记忆，还可以引发联想，激发学生兴趣。比如我们可把与school things”相关的词汇归结为backpack，pen, ruler, pencil等。定期归纳和总结可使学生形成相对完整的词汇体系。因此，在词汇教学中，要组织学生及时复习，以便强化记忆，加深理解，巩固所学单词。根据遗忘先快后慢的特点，复习要"趁热打铁"，不能延缓复习，去"修补已经倒塌的建筑物"。

总之，词汇教学要引起教师们的重视，不要过分注重眼前的利益，死记硬背词汇，要为学生的长远发展考虑，负责，遵循新课标的总目标。今后在教学中大胆创新，努力构建适合于农村学生学习词汇的课堂模式。

大家好，欢迎大家来到天坛公园，很荣幸认识大家，更荣幸为大家导游。我代表旅行社对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎。我叫郭玉萍，希望我们大家都能成为朋友，在游览期间有什么需要帮忙的，或是我们有什么地方做得不够的请大家直接和我们提出来，我们将尽力而为，希望我们大家都能有一次美好的游览经历。今天我们的路线安排是自南向北走，沿着南北轴线依次是圜丘，皇穹宇，祈年殿等。然后由东门出去。

现在我先简单给大家介绍一下天坛.

天坛，位于北京城区的东南部，原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群，建于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406～1420)，与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时20xx年，距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷，比故宫大3.7倍，略小于颐和园。天坛是通称，它实际有两个坛组成，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。 历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视，每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日，至祈年殿举行祈谷礼，第二次是在冬至，至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收，感谢天帝的保佑之恩。

现在我们面前的这扇门是北天门，沿着这里进去就是著名的圜丘坛了。

此刻在我们眼前的是圜丘坛，俗称祭天台，它建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建，是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台，通高五米，明、清两代，每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪，就在此坛举行。 圜丘坛在建筑形式上，有着许多神奇有趣的说法。各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确，其中包含"九"的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。

圜丘坛共分三层，每层四面各有台阶九级。各层铺设的扇面形石板，是九或九的倍数。最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石)，是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。 从中心石向外，第一环为9块，第二环18块，到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块，三层共378个"九"，为3402块。 同时，上层直径为9丈(取一九)，中层直径为十五丈(取三五)，下层直径为21丈(取三七)，合起来45丈，不但是九的倍数，而且还有""之尊的含义。为什么要用九或九的倍数来设计建造祭坛呢?原因是：一、据神话传说，皇天上帝是住在九重天里，用九或九的倍数来象征九重天，以表示天体的至高与至大。二、在我国古代把单数(奇数)看作阳数，而将双数(偶数)视为阴数。天为阳、地为阴。天坛是用来祭天的，只能用阳数进行建筑。而"九"又被视为"极阳数"，这是最吉祥的数字。现在我们再到这上面来看看这块天

心石，当你站在圆心石上轻声说话时，自己听起来声音很宏大，有共鸣性回音之感。但站在第二、三环以外的人，则无此种感觉。为什么呢?相信大家懂得这是一种声学现象：由于坛面十分光洁平滑，声波传到周围等距离的石栏围板后，能够迅速地被反射回来。说话者根本无法分清它的原音和回音，所以站在圆心石的人听起来，其共鸣性回音就格外响亮。封建统治者则把这种声学现象说成是"上天垂象"，是天下万民对于朝廷的无限归心与一致响应。大家不妨站到上面去亲身体验一下。

好，现在我们继续往前走，这座殿宇就是皇穹宇，它距今已有四百多年历史。殿高19.5米，底部直径15.6米。砖木结构，整个殿宇用八根檐柱支撑，顶无横梁，由众多斗拱层层上叠，天花板层层收缩，组成美丽的穹窿圆顶式的藻井。殿内正中的石台宝座，是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;宝座前左右的石台，是放置皇帝历代祖先牌位之处。殿外的东西配殿，为供奉日月星辰和云雨风雷诸神牌位之所。进到这里后不知道大家有没注意我们周围的这圈围墙?这就是颇负盛名的回音壁。围墙周长193.2米，直径61.5米，墙高3.72 米，厚0.9米。它的奇特之处并不是在它的外观上，而是在于同刚才的天心石相似的声学现象。如果两个人分别站在院内东西配殿后的墙下，均面部朝北对墙低声说话，可像打电话一

样互相对话，极其奇妙有趣，这就是回音壁得名的由来。大家有兴趣的就去试试吧。

我们现在从皇穹宇的西面出来，在这里有一株古柏，名为九龙柏，是国家著名的古树之一，树干扭结纠屈，宛如九条盘旋而上的蟠龙，故此得名。大家看上面挂着的红色的标志牌，这种标牌的颜色其实也是有讲究的，标志红牌表示一级古树，标志绿牌表示二级古树(100以上国内外稀有的或是具有历史意义和纪念意义及重要科研价值的树木)，据传这棵古柏生长于建坛之前，已有近千年历史，所以挂红牌来展现它的价值。

我们现在脚下的路叫做丹陛桥，这明明是一条笔直坦荡的大道，为何又称"桥"呢?因为在道路下辟有一个券洞，与上面的大道正好形成立体交叉，故称为桥。这是一条南北走向的石砌台基大道。丹陛桥为天坛内坛的主轴线，起着连接南端圜丘坛和北端祈谷坛两组建筑物的重要作用。桥面中心线的石板道叫"神道"，神道左右两侧的条石道，分别叫"御道"和"王道"。天帝神灵走"神道"，皇帝走御道，王公大臣走王道。 沿着丹陛桥继续向北走，现在在我们左边的是具服台,它位设于丹陛桥北段东侧，为一座凸字形平台。这是皇帝前往祈年殿行祀谷礼时，更换冕服(祭服)的地方。

现在我们眼前的便是祈年殿和祈谷坛，这里是明清两代皇帝孟春祈谷的圣地。祈年殿采用上屋下坛的构造形式，三重

檐逐层向上收束，作伞状，祈年殿俗称无梁殿，整座建筑不用大梁长檩及铁钉，完全依靠二十八根擎天柱及众多的枋、木兑、桷、闩支撑和榫接起来。该殿建于明永乐十八年(1420)，初名大祀殿，呈长方形。明嘉靖九年(1530)，改成三重檐圆殿，并自上而下依次覆盖青、黄、绿的三色瓦，改名大享殿。清乾隆十七年(175年)改为今名，同时一律改为覆盖深蓝色琉璃瓦，以象征蓝天。光绪十五年(1889)，该殿毁于雷火，次年又按原样重建。陈列于殿前的青铜大鼎炉，均是几百年前的文物。殿内柱子的数目，据说是按天象设立的。里层的四根鎏金通天柱，叫"龙井柱"，柱高18.5米，底部直径1.2米，两人也难合抱，象征春夏秋冬四季。中层的12根朱红金柱，象征一年12个月。外层的12根檐柱，象征一天的12个时辰。中层12根金柱和外层12根檐柱相加为24根，象征一年中的24个节气。金柱、檐柱和龙井柱相加为28根，象征周天28星宿。再加大殿宝顶藻井周围的8根童柱，共计36根，象征36天罡。宝顶中心的雷公柱，则象征着天帝的"一统天下"。

下面我们看到的是皇乾殿，原是平时放置皇天上帝牌位和皇帝祖先牌位的地方，又有祈谷坛寝宫之称。后来，祭祀仪式中所使用的旌旗、仪仗、乐器等物亦存放于此。内藏不少祭祀文物，现按原样陈列，并塑有清代皇帝的祭天蜡像，常年供游人观览。

现在在我们左手边的是七星石位于长廊东南侧的旷地中，共有七大一小石块。但为何称作"七星石"呢? 据传说，明永乐帝迁都北京时，想修建一座祭天地的坛庙建筑，但难找到合适的地方。这时，有一晚他梦见天上北斗七星落地于此，谓之天遂人意，为其解了不决之难，从而降旨于此地建造祭坛。 据资料记载，七星石为明代嘉靖九年，经人工雕凿后而置于此处的。嘉靖皇帝十分迷信道教，道士对他说，祈年殿东南方太为空旷，这对他的皇位、寿命不利。于是便设七星石在此，以镇压风水。在七星石东北隅还有一块小石头，据说这是清朝统治者为了纪念他们的祖先功德而增置的。其设于七星石的东北方向，用以表示不忘本源之意。

这里是天坛的东门，关于天坛就给大家介绍到这里，我为大家在这次游览给予的配合表示感谢，谢谢大家，若是在游览中我有什么做得不够的请大家见谅。希望大家接下来旅途愉快，再见。

Dear tourists

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings inJiangnan.

Now standing in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characterhorizontal plaque of "Yueyang Tower" hanging on the top of the building wasproposed by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1961 and asked to be inscribed by Mr. LiMoruo. Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns, three floors,cornice, helmet top and pure wood structure. In the middle, the big nanmu columncarries most of the gravity from the ground to the top, and then 12 "goldcolumns" are used as the inner wall to support the second floor. Around theperiphery, 20 eaves columns are used to restrain each other and form a whole.The cornices and the roof use umbrella shaped frame to transfer the load. Thethird floor is lined with Ruyi Dou arches, which support the roof. There is nota single brick in the whole building. All of them are made of wood. The doorjoints and tenons are made of strict structure, exquisite workmanship and solemnmodeling. Eaves and roof, are covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are fourridges on the eaves of each layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus andlotus pods, and the head up is Phoenix; the second one is the head up tap; thethird one is decorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen RuyiXiangyun. The whole pavilion has double eaves, locked windows, carved beams andpainted buildings, red pillars and colorful couplets, which are resplendent andmagnificent. In particular, the top of the third floor is very similar to thehelmet of an ancient general, which is called the helmet top, which is quiterare in the ancient architecture of this country. The whole Yueyang Tower hasmade amazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology,so it has been known as "Yueyang World Tower" since ancient times.

You cant help but ask, since its a famous building in the world, why onlythree floors were built? Its said that the builders at that time chose thetime, the location and the harmony of people. The predecessor of Yueyang Toweris Yuejun tower of Lu Su, a general of the Three Kingdoms. More than 1700 yearsago, in the 20th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to competewith Liu Wu for Jingzhou, Sun Quan of the eastern Wu Dynasty sent Lu Su to leadten thousand soldiers to garrison the strategic area of Bachu, which is todayYueyang. Lu Su practiced the water army in Dongting Lake, built a strong city inthe west of the city near the mountains and rivers, and built the Yuejun towerto command and inspect the water army, which is the predecessor of YueyangTower. During the Tang Dynasty, Yuejun building was expanded, which basicallyhad the original architectural art and historical style. Now, please follow meinto yuelou.

Dear tourists, the first thing that catches our eyes here is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. As wesaid earlier, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty.During this period, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talentedcelebrities, or uninhibited emigrants came one after another. They went up tothe building to look into the distance, went boating in Dongting, and workedhard to write.

However, Yueyang Tower was really famous in the world after Teng Zijingrebuilt it in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. Inthe fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing, who was falsely accused, wasdemoted to be the magistrate of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organizedthree major events: first, he built Yanhong dike under Yueyang Tower Lake toprevent the waves of Dongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivatetalents; third, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower. The rebuilt Yueyang Tower ismagnificent in scale. Teng Zijing is a man of both culture and martial arts. Hethinks that "Louguan is not a reporter for a long time without words.". Such apavilion, you must have a title record, in order to be immortal. So he thoughtof Fan Zhongyan, a good friend of his own. Then he wrote a Book of Qiuji, whichintroduced the structure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after repair, poured outhis eagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record, and asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which transcribed the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by celebrities of all dynasties, and sent them toDengzhou, Henan Province, where Fan Zhongyan was demoted at that time. FanZhongyan is a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Teng Zijing, he was rejected and attacked for advocatinginnovation politics and was demoted to Dengzhou. After receiving Teng Zijingsletter, he read it again and again, conceived it carefully, and finally wrotethe famous story of Yueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article isonly 368 words, it is broad in content, profound in philosophy, majestic inmomentum, and sonorous in language. Among them, "first worry about the world,then enjoy the world" has become a famous sentence handed down from generationto generation. As a matter of fact, the reason why Yueyang Tower can be praisedin the past dynasties is that it skillfully and vividly integrates a majorideological proposition into the description of beautiful scenery. It enlightenspeople: "dont be happy with things, dont be sad", and shows the loftyphilosophy of life that "worry about the world first, and enjoy the worldlater". The authors noble sentiment and broad mind can not help but make peoplesigh. It inspires people from generation to generation to think about life,honor and disgrace, and know their mission. As an accumulation of the noblepersonality culture of the excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation, thestory of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm,has been handed down for thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peopleshearts. Since then, Yueyang Towers fame has been greatly publicized both athome and abroad. This is what people call "the text is preserved by thebuilding, and the building is named by the text". It is said that Teng Zijingwas overjoyed when he received Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower. He immediatelyasked Su Shunqin, a great calligrapher, to write it and Shao song, a famoussculptor, to carve it on a wooden plaque. As a result, Lou, Ji, calligraphy andsculpture are all called "four wonders". Unfortunately, what we see now is notthe "four unique plaque". It was destroyed in the fire in the Shenzong period ofthe Song Dynasty. The carving screen we see is written by Zhang Zhao, a famouscalligrapher and Minister of punishment in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.

Now, lets pay attention to the four big nanmu pillars in the first floor.The four columns run from the bottom of the building to the top of the building,supporting the whole weight of the building. Then, 12 columns replace the innerring to support the second floor. Around 20 wooden columns, they restrain eachothers bolt joints and tenons, forming a whole. The whole Yueyang Tower is ofpure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. You can also see that on thefour walls of the building, there are many pairs of wooden plaques, which arecouplets of Yueyang Tower chanted by ancient and modern masters. The couplethanging in the middle of the hall was written by he Shaoji, a great calligrapherin the Qing Dynasty. It is the longest couplet in Yueyang Tower. This coupletis:

On the first floor, whats strange? Du Shaolings five charactermasterpiece, fan Xiwens two words about love, Teng Zijings all kinds of waste,and LV Chunyangs three times will make him drunk. Shiye? Ruye? Liye? Xianye? Noancients before, which makes me sad.

Please have a look: Dongting, jixiaoting, Hunan, the Yangtze River to thenorth of wuxia, baling to the west of laishuangqi, Yuezhou to the east ofYanjiang. He who keeps _, who flows, who stands, is the town. There is a realmeaning in it. Who can understand it.

The first couplet starts with "whats strange on the first floor", whichlists the achievements and traditions of poets, famous Confucians, virtuousofficials and wine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authorsregret for the past and the present; the second couplet introduces the famousmountains, Dachuan, Xiongguan and dangerous towns of baling. If you write downthis couplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

(on the second floor of Yueyang Tower)

As soon as we came to the second floor, we immediately found that a carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower was also hung on the second floor. Why? There is a realstory in it. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, a magistratesurnamed Wu came to Yueyang. As soon as he took office, he took a fancy to thescreen carving of Yueyang Tower. He bribed a folk art sculptor with a large sumof money. He spent 17 months carefully copying and secretly copying the screencarving. Two years later, taking advantage of the opportunity of beingtransferred from Yueyang Tower, Wuzhi county took advantage of the opportunityto steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy night with thecarved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. I didnt expect that soon after theboat was sailing, the wind and rain were so strong that the boat was overturnedin the jiumazui section of Dongting Lake. The carved screen also drifted withthe waves. Because it was made of red sandalwood, it all sank into the water.Later, the lake was dry and shallow, and the original carving screen of YueyangTower was salvaged by local fishermen. During salvage, the word "Gehu" on theeighth screen and the word "Le" on the tenth screen were damaged. After hearingthe news, Wu Minshu, a local scholar, bought back the carved screen from thefishermen with 120 grain silver. It took three years to copy Zhang Zhaoshandwriting before he added the damaged three words. As you can see, there areobvious mending marks on the carving screen. Nearly 120__ later, when theYueyang Tower was renovated again, local officials used 120 pieces of ocean toredeem the screen from the descendants of the Wu family and hang it on thesecond floor of the Yueyang Tower. As for the one on the first floor, althoughit is a fake, it has a history of 120__ years. Of course, it is a culturalrelic. Two sets of carved screens, one true and one false, are just like a listof merits and demerits, revealing to future generations, which is worthpondering.

(upper third floor)

Now we are on the third floor of Yueyang Tower. In the middle of the hall,there is a woodcut screen of Chairman Mao Zedongs poem "climbing Yueyang Tower"written by Du Fu. Dus poem reads: "once I heard the Dongting water, now I amgoing to Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth floatday and night. There is no certainty between relatives and friends. The armypasses the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow His calligraphystyle is bold and unrestrained, rigorous layout, vigorous and straight, and hasboth form and spirit. His brush strokes are similar to those of wild grass ofhuaisu in Tang Dynasty. This is an impromptu book written by Chairman Mao on thetrain in the autumn of 1964 when he returned to Beijing by train from Changshaand passed by Yueyang. On both sides of the screen, there is the shortestcouplet of Yueyang Tower, only eight characters. The first couplet is "the samecolor of water and sky", and the second couplet is "boundless wind and moon".Signed as "Chang Geng Li Bai". When we stand on the third floor and look outfrom the window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are in thesame color. When the wind is clear and the moon is boundless, and the mountainsand lakes gather in the building, can we get the feeling that "the water and thesky are in the same color, and the wind and the moon are boundless"? Finally,please look up at the roof again. The color of the roof is rich in national andlocal characteristics. The Ruyi Dougong is stacked against each other. It bearsthe load. The arch supports the roof and uses the umbrella frame to carry theload. Like the helmet top structure, it is also rare in our existing ancientbuildings.

In order to deepen the connotation of the famous building and enrich thecontent of the scenic spot, Yueyang Tower is speeding up the construction of thescenic spot and has made plans. Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Towerto you. Welcome to Yueyang next time. I wish you a pleasant journey and apleasant journey!

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famousbuildings in Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower is one of the national key cultural relicsprotection units and the first batch of 4A grade tourist areas. The landscapefeatures of Yueyang Tower can be summarized in four aspects. First, it has along history. Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, wasbuilt in the 19th year of Jianan (220__ AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, andbecame Yueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan (759 AD) of emperor suzong ofTang Dynasty. Among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver, Yueyang Tower has the longest history. Second, it has unique scenery. Thescenery of Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake, mountain and city. "Balingis like a victory, holding Yuanshan in a lake in Dongting, swallowing theYangtze River. Its boundless, bright and gloomy, and has a magnificentatmosphere.". Third, it has a profound culture. Yueyang Towers poetrycollection contains more than a thousand masterpieces, as well as a large numberof couplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions. Most of them are permeatedwith the sense of hardship of famous Chinese people. For example, Du Fus"climbing Yueyang Tower" expresses his concern for the country and the people,and Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" brings this excellent tradition into fullplay. Su Dongpos philosophy of not being happy with things and not being sadfor himself, his sense of anxiety and happiness after the worlds worries, andhis spirit of integration made Su Dongpo express his emotion that "although itis not easy for sages to rise again"; Fourth, cultural relics are precious.Among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only YueyangTower is a state-level historical relic with historical, artistic and scientificvalue. Now we can see that Yueyang Tower is a pure wood structure, which wasoverhauled in 1983 according to the principle of "keeping the old as it is". Thewhole building is made of wood without a brick or a nail. The door seam ismortise and tenon, and the technology is very skillful. Well, friends, now infront of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters "Yueyang Tower" on thehorizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo and have been included in thebook "Chinese famous plaque". You see, the whole building is supported by fourbig nanmu columns, which run from the bottom of the building to the top of thebuilding, and then the second floor is supported by 12 gold columns as the innerring, surrounded by 20 wooden columns, which are connected as a whole byrestraining the door joints and tenons. Yueyang Tower has three floors and threeeaves, with a helmet top wooden structure and yellow glazed tiles. Helmet top isthe outstanding feature of Yueyang Tower. You see, it looks like the helmet ofan ancient general. Its powerful and majestic. Its equipped with cornices. Ithas smooth curves and gives people a sense of power. If you look at the RuyiDougong under the helmet top, it looks like a honeycomb. It is layered andmatched. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenix head and cloud head. It notonly supports the gravity of the helmet top, but also makes the whole buildingmore exquisite, solemn and harmonious. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has made amazingachievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology. When youenter the main building, the first thing you can see is the carved screen ofYueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Yueyang Towerreally became famous in the world. It was after Teng Zijing rebuilt YueyangTower in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. In thefourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted to the magistrate ofYuezhou. After he took office, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower and invited his friendFan Zhongyan Zhong Yan wrote down the famous article Yueyang Tower. Although thefull text of this article is only 368 words, it has broad content, profoundphilosophy, magnificent momentum and sonorous language, which has become thebest song for thousands of years. And "worry about the world first, and enjoythe world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation togeneration, and has become the accumulation of the noble personality culture ofthe excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower,with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm, has been handed downfor thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peoples hearts. The coupletsof Yueyang Tower sung by ancient and modern masters on the first floor. Standinghere on the third floor of the top floor of Yueyang Tower, we can enjoy themajestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains and swallowing the YangtzeRiver" and the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. You can see that thewater and sky of Dongting Lake are united, the wind is clear, the moon isboundless, the mountains are beautiful, and the lake is full of light. Dont youget the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, the wind and the moonare boundless"? In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower writtenby Du Fu in Mao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has strict layout,bold and unrestrained brushwork, strong and straight, which is deeply rooted inthe legacy of huaisus wild grass and has its own style This is really a rareart treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on the cake.Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Tower to you. Welcome to come hereagain. Thank you

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan.Today, I will introduce Yueyang Tower to you as a super tour guide. My name isLuo Ganquan. You can call me Luo Dao or Xiao Luo.

Yueyang Tower is located on the Bank of Dongting Lake with beautifulscenery and long history. Fan Cuyan of Song Dynasty once wrote Yueyang Tower topraise Yueyang Tower.

Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns and three floors. Itis a pure wood structure without a brick. There are four ridges on the eaves ofeach layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus pods, andthe head up is Phoenix; the second layer is the head up tap; the third layer isdecorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen Ruyi Xiangyun. The roofof Yueyang Tower, especially the helmet of ancient generals, is called helmettop. Because helmet top is very rare in ancient Chinese architecture, it is oneof the important factors that makes Yueyang Tower famous. The whole YueyangTower has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, architecture and technology,so it has enjoyed the reputation of "Yueyang World Tower" since ancienttimes.

In fact, Yueyang Tower is really famous in the world when fan Cuyan wroteYueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted tobe the magistrate of Yuezhou for being framed. As soon as he took office, he didthree major things: first, he built Yanhong dike to prevent the waves ofDongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivate talents; third, herebuilt Yueyang Tower. The scale of the rebuilt Yueyang Tower was verymagnificent, but Teng Zijing knew that it was not enough to rely on its grandeuralone. Teng Zijing immediately thought of Fan Zhongyan, who was the same as TengZijing. Fan Cuyan, like Teng Zijing, was demoted as the magistrate of Dengzhoubecause he was framed. Teng Ziren drew a picture of the autumn evening inDongting and wrote a letter of Qiuji to introduce the momentum and structure ofYueyang Tower. After reading it, Fan Zhongyan finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower, in which "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"has become a famous sentence of reincarnation, inspiring generations of futuregenerations to work hard.

All right, everybody can go into the building now. Ladies and gentlemen,the first thing you can see here is Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12pieces of red sandalwood. It is said that Teng Zijing was overjoyed when hereceived Yueyang Tower. He immediately asked Su Shunqin, the great calligrapherat that time, to write it and Shao song, the famous sculptor, to carve it on awooden plaque. As a result, "Lou, Ji, calligraphy, sculpture" is known as thefour unique. Its a pity that what we see now is not the "four unique plaque".It was destroyed in the fire as early as the reign of emperor Shenzong of theSong Dynasty. The Yueyang Tower here was written by Zhang Zhao, a greatcalligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in the Qianlong periodof the Qing Dynasty.

Thats all for me. Ill give you 15 minutes to take photos.

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildingsin Jiangnan.

Yueyang Tower is a national key cultural relic protection unit and one ofthe first batch of national 4A tourist areas. The landscape characteristics ofYueyang Tower can be summarized into four aspects. First, it has a long history.Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, was built in the19th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 220__) and was namedYueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan in the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 759). It hasthe longest history among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver.

Second, the scenery is unique. Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake,mountain and city. "Baling Sheng shape, a trace in the Dongting, the title ofthe distant mountains, swallow the Yangtze River, vast, boundless horizontal,morning and evening Yin, magnificent." The poet Du QinYong said: "the vast snowwaves with smoke, the sky and the West back painting, the building is verybeautiful scenery, a mountain nine lake." Yueyang Tower is a marvelous praisefor its geographical shape. It is strong with water, beautiful with mountainsand better than Jiangnan in shape. Third, it has a profound culture. YueyangTower poetry anthology contains more than a few famous works, a large number ofcouplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions, most of which are permeated withthe "sense of hardship" of the Chinese nation. _In Du Fus "climbing the YueyangTower", he said, "I heard the Dongting water in the past, but now Im going tothe Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth float dayand night. Family and friends have no word, old and sick have their own boat.The army passes the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow Hisconcern for the prison and the people is beyond expression. Fan Zhongyans"Yueyang Tower" is the development of this excellent tradition to the peak. Thephilosophy of "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with yourself", Atthat time, Su Dongpo expressed his emotion that "although it is not easy for asage to rise again", which Liu Shaoqi introduced as the criterion for thecultivation of Communist Party members, Hu Yaobang praised as thecrystallization of traditional Chinese virtues. It is indeed the most preciouscultural relics of Chinese spiritual civilization. Among the three famousbuildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only Yueyang Tower is a nationalcultural relic with historical, artistic and scientific value. The Yueyang Towernow seen is a pure wood structure. It was overhauled in 1983 according to theprinciple of "keeping the old as it is". It has four columns, three floors,cornices and helmet top. The whole building is made of wood without a brick or anail. The door joints are mortise and tenon. The workmanship is very exquisite.In history, Yueyang Tower has been destroyed and repaired for more than 50times. Friends, this couplet in front of the door, "Dongting Tianxia water,Yueyang Tianxia tower", is extracted from the five character quatrains of WeiYunzhen, a poet of the Ming Dynasty. The last two sentences of this poem are"who is the scholar in the world, drinking on the top of the building." Today,you are going to be the corporal of the day. Lets enjoy the profound YueyangTower culture and the magnificent mountains and rivers of Yueyang with Dongtingas the wine. Maybe you will be as drunk as Li Bai.

On the wall of Baling ancient city, the "Xiaoxiang archway in the SouthPole" and the "Wuxia archway in the north" were built in the Qing Dynasty. Thecouplets of chanting scenery in the two places are all written by famousartists. In the north of the ancient times, he Shaoji, a great calligrapher ofthe Qing Dynasty, wrote couplets, and Li duo, a famous calligrapher of thecontemporary era. In the south, Zhang Zhao, who wrote Yueyang Tower in the QingDynasty, and Liu Haisu, a contemporary master of calligraphy and painting, wrotethe couplet. From then on, we can see that Yueyang Tower was loved by literatiof all ages.

Now in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters of "YueyangTower" on the horizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo, and now it hasbeen compiled into the book named plaque of Zhongjun. Yueyang Tower is 2135mhigh, 1724m wide and 14.56m deep. Three story three eaves, helmet top type woodstructure, covered with yellow glazed tiles. The helmet top is a prominentfeature of Yueyang Tower. You can see that it looks like the helmet of anancient general. It is powerful and majestic. With cornices, it has smoothcurves and gives people a sense of power. Looking at the Ruyi Dougong under thehelmet top, it looks like a beehive. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenixhead and cloud head. It not only supports the gravity of the helmet top, butalso makes the whole building more exquisite, solemn and harmonious. The top ofthe roof, ridge ornaments, head up and other components are all ceramic productsleft over from the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has madeamazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology.

When you enter the main building, the first thing you see is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Asmentioned above, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty. Atthat time, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talented personagesand poets came one after another. They look out from the cantharidin tower, goboating in Dongting, and write hard. In his poem "climbing Yueyang Tower withXia 12", Li Bai described it as follows: "the tower views Yueyang as far aspossible, and the Sichuan Dongting opens. The wild goose leads the sorrowfulheart to go, the mountain holds the good month to come. Even stay in the clouds,the sky line cup. After getting drunk, the cool wind blows and the people danceLi Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote the poem Yueyang Tower:"if you want to get rid of your worries, you can go to Yueyang Tower on DongtingLake. Its a pity that thousands of Li can take advantage of the prosperity.Its a dragons solution to the shipwreck. " The Yueyang Tower became more andmore famous because of these new words.

However, it was after Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyanwrote Yueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Ying Zijing wasdemoted to be the governor of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organized threemajor events: first, building a rainbow dike under the Yueyang Tower to defendthe waves of Dongting Lake; second, setting up a county school to cultivatetalents; third, rebuilding the Yueyang tower. Teng Zijing has both literarytalent and military strategy. He thinks that "it is not long for Louguan to becalled a reporter by writing, and the writing is not written by those who aretalented and powerful.". So he thought of his friend Fan Zhongyan, who was aJinshi in the same middle school. He wrote a Book of Qiuji, which introduced thestructure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after it was revised. He poured out hiseagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record. He also asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which copied the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by famous scholars of all ages. He sent people to FanZhongyans demoted residence day and night It is located in Dengzhou. FanZhongyan was a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Wei Zijing, he was rejected and attacked because he advocated theinnovation of politics. After receiving the letter from Teng Zijing, he read itrepeatedly and thought about it carefully, and finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article is only 368 words, it hasbroad content, profound philosophy, majestic momentum, sonorous language andpearly words. It has become a masterpiece for thousands of years. However, thesaying "first worry about the world, and then joy about the world" has become afamous saying handed down from generation to generation, and has become theaccumulation of the noble personality culture of the outstanding knowledge ofthe Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme content andartistic charm, has been handed down for thousands of years and nourishedpeoples hearts. After receiving Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower, Teng Zijing wasoverjoyed. He immediately asked Su Zimei, a great calligrapher, to write it andShao Songhui, a famous sculptor, to engrave it on a wooden plaque. As a result,Lou, Ji, calligraphy and sculpture are collectively known as the "four wonders".Unfortunately, the sculpture was destroyed in the fire during the reign ofemperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. The screen we see now is written by ZhangZhao, a famous calligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in theQianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

The whole building is supported by four big nanmu columns. It runs from thebottom of the building to the top of the building, and then uses 12 gold pillarsas the inner ring to support the second floor. Around it, 20 wooden pillars areused to control the door joints and tenons, and connect them as a whole. Thewhole Yueyang Tower is of pure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. Onthe first floor, there are couplets chanting Yueyang Tower by ancient and modernmasters. The one in the middle of the hall is the longest of the couplets. Thefirst couplet begins with "whats strange on the first floor", listing theachievements and legends of poets, famous Confucians, virtuous officials andwine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authors regret for thepast and the present; the second couplet introduces the famous mountains andrivers, the magnificent and dangerous city of baling. If you write down thiscouplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

A carved screen of Yueyang Tower is hung on the front of the second floor.There is a story circulating here. During the reign of Daoguang in the QingDynasty, a magistrate surnamed Wu came to Yueyang. He took a fancy to the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, and bribed a master of folk art carving with a largesum of money to make another carved screen. Taking advantage of the opportunityof being transferred out of Yueyang, Wuzhi county took advantage of theopportunity to steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy nightwith the carved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. The boat was overturned in thejiumazui section of Dongting Lake by wind and waves, and the carved screen sankto the bottom of the lake. It was salvaged by local fishermen and collected byWu Minshu, a local scholar. After 120 silver from the hands of Wus descendantswill screen back. During the cultural revolution, the red guards wanted to smashthe feudal carved screen. In order to protect it, the workers covered thewriting with plaster and wrote Chairman Maos poems. In this way, the carvedscreen escaped another disaster. This one and the one on the first floor areboth true and false, just like the list of merits and demerits.

The third floor is the top floor of Yueyang Tower. Looking from the window,you can appreciate the majestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains andswallowing the Yangtze River" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of lakes andmountains, which is "the same color of water and sky, boundless wind and moon".Signed "Changgeng libaishu". When we stand on the third floor and look out fromthe window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are united, theclear wind and the moon are boundless, and the mountains and lakes are all onthe first floor. Isnt the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, thewind and the moon are boundless"?

In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower written by Du Fu inMao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has rigorous layout, bold andunrestrained brushwork, iron and silver hook, vigorous and straight, which isdeeply rooted in huaisus wild grass style, and has its own style. This is arare art treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on thecake.

Out of the Yueyang Tower is the three drunk Pavilion, which is the place toworship Lu Xian. Lu Dongbin used medicine to save people and did good deeds. Hewas deeply respected by the people. In addition, he was named "Fuyou emperor" bythe emperor of Yuan Dynasty. He was one of the five northern ancestors ofTaoism. Yueyang Tower was built with yellow glazed tiles specially used by theemperors in feudal times as the place where LV Xian stopped. Why is Lu Xian soprominent in Yueyang? It turns out that there are anecdotes about Lu Xian in theannals of Yueyangs prefectures and counties, saying that he had drunk with TengZijing, played chess with Wang Taishou, the national chess player, and stoppedQiao Taishous sedan chair when he was drunk. In particular, Zhizhou Li Guan notonly records the origin of LV Xiantings story, but also includes two poems byLV Xian. At that time, they were carved in front of Yueyang Tower with hugestones. One of them is "when you travel to the north, the dusk of Cangwu, thecourage of the green snake in your sleeve, when you are drunk in Yueyang, youcant recognize it, and you can fly over Dongting Lake with langyin." The nameof sanzui Pavilion comes from this poem.

Finally, visit Yueyang Tower culture and Art Center. There are not only thecarved screen of Yueyang Tower written by the famous calligraphers Mi Fu, ZhuYunming, Dong Qichang and Zhang Zhao, but also the image display of theconcentrated landscape of Yueyang Tower in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.There are also a large number of works of art and crafts with Yueyang Towerculture as the theme, as well as various books and periodicals about YueyangTower. Besides enjoying, you can choose your favorite souvenirs forcommemoration.

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Nanchang, the hero city. Im Xiao Li. Now let meintroduce the general situation of Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province. Asthe political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the province, itis a city with a long history and glorious revolutionary tradition. It islocated in the north of central Jiangxi Province, the lower reaches of GanjiangRiver and Fuhe River, and the Poyang Lake Plain. The total area is about 7402square kilometers and the total population is about 4.62 million. The city hasfive districts including Donghu District, Xihu District, Qingyunpu District,Wanli District and Qingshanhu District, and four counties including Nanchang,Xinjian, Jinxian and Anyi. The name of Nanchang began in the Western HanDynasty, implying "Changda Nanjiang" and "prosperity of the South". Nanchang wasfounded in 2 BC___ In, Guan Ying, the famous founding General of the HanDynasty, was ordered to lead his troops to Nanchang, where Yuzhang county andNanchang County were officially established. The next year (before 201), a localcity was built in Nanchang, which was called "Guancheng". This is the beginningof Nanchang.

Nanchang city is located in the north and south traffic arteries of ourcountry. The existing water, land and air transportation network can lead to thewhole province and all parts of the country. The first plane, the first wheeledtractor, the first motorcycle and the first coastal defense missile of new Chinawere born here. In recent years, Nanchangs industrial economy has made greatprogress, initially forming five pillar industries, such as automobile, medicineand food, textile and clothing, electronic information and home appliances, newmaterials, and striving to become an important base of modern manufacturingindustry and regional economic center city. The agricultural economy and thetertiary industry also have a rapid development, business circulation is active,a prosperous scene.

Nanchang has many scenic spots and rich tourism resources. According toincomplete statistics, Nanchang has 104 tourism resources with development valueand development, including 26 natural landscapes and 28 cultural landscapes.Among them, Tengwang Pavilion, the first of the three famous buildings in thesouth of the Yangtze River, is the main representative of ancient culturaltourism, red tourism represented by the former site of Bayi Uprisingheadquarters, and green tourism represented by Meiling, Nanchang baohulu farm asthe main representative of the characteristics of leisure tourism.

Now let me briefly introduce Tengwang Pavilion, which is known as the firstfloor of Xijiang. Tengwang pavilion was built by Li Yuanying, the fourth son ofTang Gaozu Li Yuan. During the reign of Zhenguan, Li Yuanying was granted thetitle of King Teng, so it was named tengwangge. The reason why tengwangge isfamous in the world is that we have to mention Wang Bos preface to tengwangge.It is said that when the young Wang Bo was exploring for his family, he happenedto catch up with the banquet Party of Yan Boyu, the governor. He was so excitedthat he asked someone to take out his pen and ink and wrote down the preface toTengwang Pavilion on the spot. Please look here. The two lines are written onthe gate bar. The sunset and the lone duck fly together, and the autumn watergrows in the same color. These two sentences can be said to be the best of allages and have been handed down to this day.

Nanchang food is very special. Here we can taste some special dishes, suchas Chenhao fried bacon, Poyang Lake lion head, three cups of chicken, three cupsof dog meat, three cups of foot fish, Huangqin roast brine, Gan flavor milk dogmeat, fermented wax gourd circle, five yuan Longfeng soup, etc. We can alsotaste some folk snacks, such as Nanchang rice noodles, stone street Mahua,hometown Guoba, spicy hot and fried snacks.

Hello everyone! Im a tour guide of Nanchang "aikesi" travel company. Myname is Zhang. You can call me Zhang tour guide. Im surrounded by ten thousanddrivers with first-class technology. You dont have to be afraid when you get onthe car. The license plate number is Gan a74189. Please remember the licenseplate number!

Now its on SuPu road to Bayi park. Bayi Park was called Gongyuan in QingDynasty. It was called Hubin Park in 1932, and it was changed to Jieshi park onApril 3, 1945. It was named in July 1950. The total area is 23.7 hectares andthe land area is 64 hectares.

There are small shops in Bayi Park, where you can row a boat to enjoy thecool, play with the toys and draw pictures. There are many willows beside theriver. When the wind blows, sister willows hair is like a shake. In the centerof the river, like the summer palace in Beijing, there is also an island. Theisland is green with many leaves floating down, like green dragonflies. Manybranches of weeping willows hang down. Tourists should be careful not to be hungby the branches when rowing. There are many fake stones in Bayi Park, which lookdifferent. No two of them are Zhens. There is a small road in the middle of thestones. There is also a small pavilion in Bayi Park, where people can enjoy thecool.

"Free for an hour," I called out. Everyone bought popsicles to eat, sometook pictures, and some lovers were rowing. I gave everyone a bag. Dont throwthe food bag around. Put the food bag in the bag. Soon, time passed. I askedeveryone to gather at the gate and count the number of people. WOW! Yes, theresnot a few people!

The tour of Bayi park is over. We will go to Qingshan Lake amusement parktomorrow and baohulu farm in Nanchang the day after tomorrow. Please have a goodleisure and keep your spirit. We can play tomorrow. Good night!

The capital of Jiangxi Province. As the political, economic, cultural andtransportation center of the province, it is a city with a long history andglorious revolutionary tradition. Located in the north of central JiangxiProvince, Ganjiang River, Fuhe Weige, Poyang Lake plain area. The total area is7402.26 square miles. The urban area is about 1.24 million. The city governsfive districts including Donghu, Xihu, Qingyunpu, Wanli and suburban areas, andfour counties including Nanchang, Xinjian, Jinxian and Anyi.

The main ethnic group is the Han nationality, and there are 26 ethnicminorities, including Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang, Tibetan and Miao.

The landform is mainly plain, with vast waters and a large number of hillsand hills. Ganjiang River and Fuhe river flow through the territory from southto north. The whole terrain is high in the West and Southeast and low in thenorth. The average annual temperature ranges from 17.1 ℃ to 17.7 ℃, and theannual precipitation ranges from 1515 mm to 1595 mm.

Nanchang was founded in 20__ B.C. (the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of theHan Dynasty). Guan Ying, a famous general of the Han Dynasty, was ordered tolead his troops to Nanchang and formally set up Yuzhang county and NanchangCounty. The next year (before 201), a local city was built in Nanchang, whichwas called "Guancheng". After that, Nanchang changed its name: Yuzhang County inHan Dynasty, Yuzhang state in Southern Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, Hongzhougeneral managers office was set up in Nanchang. At the beginning of Dayeperiod, Yuzhang county was rebuilt by abolishing the state, and Nanchang waschanged into Yuzhang County, which was the county, government, county, andDaozhi of the past dynasties. The city was founded in 1926 and the NanchangMunicipal Peoples government was established on June 7, 1949.

The land is fertile, the water area is broad, and the resources are rich.The total land area of the city is 10.35 million mu, including 4.4698 million muof cultivated land and 3.3065 million mu of water area. The main economic fishare grass, silver carp, carp, crucian carp, flat, silver carp, etc. The mineralresources include granite, quartz, ceramic clay, coal, crystal and copper. Thereare many wild animals and plants in lush Xishan.

Nanchang city is located in the north and south traffic arteries of ourcountry. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of the official and commercialexchanges between the north and the South passed through Nanchang. The existingwater, land and air transportation network can reach the whole province and allparts of the country. Nanchang air station can directly connect with Beijing,Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Hong Kong and other places. Industrydominates housing. The citys industries focus on machinery, textile (clothing),food and electronics, as well as aircraft manufacturing, metallurgy, lightindustry, chemical industry, medicine, building materials and otherindustries.

Nanchang area has a long history of culture, known as "natural treasures,outstanding people". Wang Bos preface to Tengwang Pavilion in the early TangDynasty and Zhu Das painting and calligraphy in the late Ming and early QingDynasties are well-known both at home and abroad.

In 1986, Nanchang was named as a famous historical and cultural city by theState Council. The city has five national key cultural relics protection units,six provincial cultural relics protection units and 39 municipal cultural relicsprotection units. The former sites of the famous Nanchang Uprising headquarterson August 1, the former sites of Helong and yeting headquarters and the formersites of the New Fourth Army in the 1930s are all located in the city. There isalso Tengwang Pavilion, one of the four famous buildings in China.

Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, has jurisdiction over fourcounties, five districts, one new district and two national development zones,with a total area of 7402 square kilometers and a total population of 4.49million, of which the urban population is 1.96 million. It is one of the 35 megacities in China. With a long history of more than 2200 years, Nanchang has beenendowed with "natural treasures and outstanding people"; its red homeland, greenhome, ancient customs, special charm and golden fields have made Nanchang "amagnificent city with beautiful scenery". Today, we are stepping into an era ofeconomic globalization full of hope, competition, vitality and challenges.Nanchang is showing its unique potential and attractive advantages.

The name of Nanchang began in the Western Han Dynasty, 220 BC___ Liu Bang,Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, sent yinghou Guanying and his troops toNanchang, built Nanchang City and named it Nanchang, which means "prosperity ofthe South". Tang and Song dynasties were the West Road in the south of theYangtze River and the administrative center of Hongqian. They were the famouscities in the southeast, so they were also called "Hongdu".

The tourist areas of Nanchang include the urban area and the nearbyMeiling, Jingan SANZHAOLUN, Zhangshu and other places. The scenic spots andhistoric sites blend in the beautiful natural scenery, and the beautifullandscape sets off the unique style of the ancient city of Nanchang.

In todays economic globalization trend of large-scale industrial transfer,resource restructuring and development alliance, Nanchang has ushered in a newround of development opportunities. Under the correct leadership of Jiangxiprovincial Party committee and government, and with the active participation ofinvestors and entrepreneurs at home and abroad, the hero city is undergoingrapid and profound changes. Nanchangs investment environment is improving dayby day, its economic development is accelerating, and its market prosperity isrising continuously, especially the entrepreneur confidence index and enterpriseprosperity index are both stronger, which fully shows the huge development spaceand investment opportunities contained in Nanchang.

Nanchang city is now very prosperous. Bayi Square in the center of the cityis green and can accommodate 100000 people. The August 1 Nanchang UprisingMemorial Tower standing at the southern end of the square has become a monumentof Nanchangs revolutionary history. After the reform and opening up, Nanchangstourism has developed rapidly. Many cultural relics and historic sites have beenrestored. There are 26 natural landscapes and 78 cultural landscapes. There arefamous world cultural heritage Lushan scenic spot, Poyang Lake migratory birdreserve, Longhushan national scenic spot, Jinggangshan National Scenic Spot andSanqingshan National Scenic Spot near Nanchang. It has formed a tourism andsightseeing system with Nanchang as the center, along the Beijing KowloonRailway scenic belt as the focus and radiating Jiangxi Province.

Nanchang is also a heroic city with glorious revolutionary tradition. TheAugust 1 Nanchang Uprising is world-famous. The Chinese peoples Liberation Armywas born here, so Nanchang is also known as "hero city".

After the reform and opening up, Nanchangs tourism industry has developedrapidly, and many cultural relics and historic sites have been renovated.Nanchang has become a hot tourist city attracting worldwide attention.

各位游客，你们好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是这块天心石。它是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，各位游客不妨体验一下，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了“至高无上”“天”“宇宙”的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的“天心石”合称天坛三大声学现象。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙十分平滑，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰地听到对方说话。

三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，站在第二块石头上拍手可以听到两次，而站在第三块石头上拍手就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。

在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们即将走进祈谷坛了，祈谷坛的主体建筑就是祈年殿，祈年殿是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。

圆形尖屋顶是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外焚烧，送上天宫。

现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。

今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。参考资料：地图团祝您一帆风顺。

亲爱的游客们，大家好!欢迎来到北京著名的旅游景点——天坛。我是你们的导游丁培尔，大家可以叫我丁导。

天坛是以前皇帝祭天的地方，始建于明朝，是我国被列入《世界遗产名录》的29处景观之一。下面请大家跟着我，一起去参观天坛的主体建筑——祈年殿。

祈年殿建于1420xx年，是天坛最早的建筑物，也是北京旅游的标志。1751年修缮后，改名为祈年殿。1889年毁于雷火，数年后按原样重建，就是我们现在看到的样子。祈年殿四周的围墙是方方正正的，而祈年殿本身从下至上都是圆形的，这代表了“天圆地方”。殿中有28根柱子，分为三种：第一种是最长也是最精美、红色雕金的四根柱子，位于中央，叫“龙柱”，代表春夏秋冬四个季节。第二种是位于中圈朱红色的十二根柱子，叫“金柱”，代表一年中的十二个月。第三种是位于外圈与殿身成一体的十二根巨柱，叫“檐柱”，代表一天中的十二个时辰。第二种加第三种24根柱子代表了一年中的24个节气，三种总共28根柱子代表了28个星宿。据说祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。天坛的美景说也说不尽，看也看不完，大家可以细细欣赏。

天坛公园是文化遗产、名胜古迹，游玩时请注意爱护文物，不要乱涂乱抹，并注意环境卫生。两小时后我们大门口见，祝大家玩得开心!

天坛是北京“天地日月”诸坛之首，是我国和世界上现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群，始建于明永乐十八年，是一座典型坛庙，是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所。每年孟春祈谷、孟夏祈雨、孟冬祀天。无论从架构、力学还是美学角度来看，天坛都是出类拔萃、举世无双的建筑杰作。现已辟为公园开放，昔日的皇家坛庙现已成为北京市区富有特色的旅游公园。 天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称，占地273公顷，面积占整个崇文区的1/4。天坛建筑布局呈“回”字形，有垣墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。有斋宫、圜丘坛、祈年殿、长廊、万寿亭、回音壁、三音石、七星石和古柏等名胜古迹。

天坛布局

天坛的主要建筑均位于内坛，从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南成圆形，以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构，都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰登的场所，是一座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径32.72米，蓝色琉璃瓦顶，全砖木结构，没有大梁 长檩，全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑，在建筑的造型上具有高度的艺术价值。

天坛被两重坛墙分隔成内坛和外坛，形似“回”字。两重坛墙的南侧转角皆为直角，北侧转角皆为圆弧形，象征着“天圆地方”。外坛墙周长6553米，原本只在西墙上开辟祈谷坛门和圜丘坛门，1949年后又陆续新建了东门和北门，并把内坛南面的昭亨门改为南门。

天坛的内坛墙周长4152米，辟有六门：祈谷坛有东、北、西三座天门，圜丘坛的南面有泰元、昭亨和广利门。主要建筑都集中在内坛，南有圜丘坛和皇穹宇，北有祈年殿和皇干殿，两部分之间有隔墙相隔，并用一座长360米、宽28米、高2.5米的“丹陛桥”(砖砌甬道)连接圜丘坛和祈谷坛，构成了内坛的南北轴线。

圜丘坛是皇帝举行祭天大礼的地方，始建于嘉靖九年(1530年)。坛平面呈圆形，共分三层，皆设汉白玉栏板。坛面原来使用蓝琉璃砖，乾隆十四年(1749年)重建后，改用坚硬耐久的艾叶青石铺设。每层的栏杆头上都刻有云龙纹，在每一栏杆下又向外伸出一石螭头，用于坛面排水。圜丘坛有外方内圆两重矮墙，象征着天圆地方。圜丘坛的附属建筑有皇穹宇及其配庑、神库、宰牲亭、三库(祭器库、乐器库、棕荐库)等。 站在圜丘坛最上层中央的圆石上面虽小声说话，却显得十分洪亮。因此每当皇帝在这里祭天，其洪亮声音，就如同上天神谕一般，加上祭礼时那庄严的气氛，更具神秘效果。这是因为坛面光滑，声波得以快速地向四面八方传播，碰到周围的石栏，反射回来，与原声汇合，则音量加倍。

圜丘坛

圜丘坛又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，为皇帝冬至祭天的地方，始建于明嘉靖九年(1530年)，清乾隆十四年(1749年)扩建。坛周长534米，坛高5.2米，分上、中、下三层，各层栏板望柱及台阶数目均用阳数(又称“天数”，即九的倍数)，符""之尊。坛面用艾叶青石砌就。坛面除中心石是圆形外，外围各圈均为扇面形，数目也是阳数。每层都有汉白玉栏板望柱，均为9的倍数。顶层中心的圆形石板叫做太阳石或者天心石，站在其上呼喊或敲击，声波会被近旁的栏板反射，形成显着的回音。

古代中国将单数称作阳数，双数称作阴数。在阳数中，数字9是“阳数之极”，表示天体的至高至大，叫作“天数”。古人认为九是阳数之极，表示至高至大，皇帝是天子，也至高至大，所以整个圜丘坛都采用九的倍数来表示天子的权威。圜丘坛的栏板望柱和台阶数等，处处是9或者9的倍数。顶层圆形石板的外层是扇面形石块，共有9层。最内一层有9块石块，而每往外一层就递增9块，中下层亦是如此。三层栏板的数量分别是上屋栏板72块，中层108块，下层180块，合360周天度数。三层坛面的直径总和为45丈，除了是9的倍数外，还暗含“之尊”的寓意。

圜丘坛外有两重围墙，内圆外方，四面各辟棂星门一座。西南角有望灯台三座(南北二座只余遗迹)，东南角有燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛东还有神库、神厨、宰牲亭、祭器库、乐器库和棕建库等附属建筑。

皇穹宇

圜丘坛以北是皇穹宇，皇穹宇院落位于圜丘坛外壝北侧，坐北朝南，圆形围墙，南面设三座琉璃门，主要建筑有皇穹宇和东西配殿，是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。祭天时使用的祭祀神牌都存放在这里。它始建于嘉靖九年(1530年)，初名泰神殿，十七年(1538年)起改称皇穹宇。乾隆十七年(1752年)重修后为鎏金宝顶单檐攒尖顶建筑，用蓝色琉璃瓦铺设屋顶，象征青天。大殿直径15.6米，高19.02米，由八根金柱和八根檐柱共同支撑起巨大的殿顶，三层天花藻井层层收进，构造精巧。殿正中有汉白玉雕花的圆形石座，供奉“皇天上帝”牌位，左右配享皇帝祖先的神牌。正殿东西各有配殿，分别供奉日月星辰和云雨雷电等诸神牌位。整个殿宇的外观状似圆亭，坐落在2米多高的汉白玉须弥座台基上，周围均设石护栏。另外，在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上，由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍物的情况下，站立于第一块石板上击掌，可听到回音一声;于第二块石板上击掌，可听到回音两声;于第三块石板上击掌，可听到回音三声。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的围墙。墙高3.72米，厚0.9米，直径61.5米，周长193.2米。墙壁是用磨砖对缝砌成的，墙头覆着蓝色琉璃瓦。围墙的弧度十分规则，墙面极其光滑整齐，对声波的折射是十分规则的。只要两个人分别站在东、西配殿后，贴墙而立，一个人靠墙向北说话，声波就会沿着墙壁连续折射前进，传到一、二百米的另一端，无论说话声音多小，也可以使对方听得清清楚楚，而且声音悠长，堪称奇趣，给人造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。所以称之为“回音壁”。

祈年殿

祈年殿在天坛的北部，也称为祈谷坛，原名大祈殿、大享殿，始建于明永乐十八年(1420xx年)，是天坛最早的建筑物。乾隆十六年(1751年)修缮后，改名为祈年殿。光绪十五年(1889年)毁于雷火，数年后按原样重建。目前的祈年殿是一座直径32.72米的圆形建筑，鎏金宝顶蓝瓦三重檐攒尖顶，层层收进，总高38米。

祈年殿的殿座就是圆形的祈谷坛，三层6米高，气势巍峨。坛周有矮墙一重，东南角设燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛北有皇干殿，面阔五间，原先放置祖先神牌，后来牌位移至太庙。坛边还有祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、走牲路和长廊等附属建筑。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，是嘉靖年间放置的镇石。

天坛的主体建筑是祈年殿，始建于明永乐十八年(1420xx年)。每年皇帝都在这里举行祭天仪式，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。祈年殿呈圆形，直径32米，祈年殿高38米，是一座有鎏金宝顶的三重檐的圆形大殿，殿檐颜色深蓝，是用蓝色琉璃瓦铺砌的，因为天是蓝色的，以此来象征天。

祈年殿在建筑上出色之处是，祈年殿用28根楠木大柱和36块互相衔接的榜、桷，支撑着三层连体的殿檐。这些大柱有不同的象征意义：中央四柱叫通天柱，代表四季;中层十二根金柱，代表十二个月;外层十二根檐柱，代表十二时辰;中外层相加二十四根代表二十四节气;三层相加二十八根，代表二十八星宿;加柱顶八根童柱，代表三十六天罡;宝顶下雷公柱，代表皇帝一统天下。其附属建筑有皇乾殿、祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、燔柴炉、瘗坎、具服台、走牲路及72间长廊等。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，石上镂刻山形云纹图案，是明嘉靖时放置的镇石。

这座大殿坐落在面积达5900多平方米的圆形汉白玉台基上，台基分3层，高6米，每层都有雕花的汉白玉栏杆。这个台基与大殿是不可分的艺术整体。当游人跨出祈年殿的大门，往南望去，只见那条笔直的甬道，往南伸去，一路上门廊重重，越远越小，极目无尽，有一种从天上下来的感觉。难怪一位法国的建筑专家在游览了天坛之后说：摩天大厦比祈年殿高得多，但却没有祈年殿那种高大与深邃的意境，达不到祈年殿的艺术高度。这座大殿在1889年(清光绪十五年)被雷击起火焚毁，据说，当时殿的大柱是用沉香木做的，燃烧时，清香的气味，数里之外都可以闻到。翌年，皇帝召集群臣商量重建祈年殿。因找不到图样，掌管国家建筑事务的工部便把曾经参加过祈所殿修缮事务的工匠们召集来，让他们根据记忆、口述制成图样，再施工建造。因此，现在的祈年殿是清代光绪年间的建筑，但是，基本建筑形式、结构，还保留着明代的样子。

九龙藻井

祈年殿内，天花板处是精致的“九龙藻井”，龙井柱则是描金彩绘。殿内中央有一块平面圆形大理石，石面上的花纹，是自然形成的龙凤花纹，一条行龙抱着一只凤凰，这便是“龙凤石”，即“龙凤呈祥”。 相传，这块石头上原来只有凤纹，而殿顶藻井内只有雕龙，年长日久，龙、凤有了灵感，金龙常常飞下来找凤石上的凤凰寻欢。不料有一天正遇见嘉靖皇帝来祭天，在石上跪拜行礼，金龙来不及飞回去，和石上的凤凰一起被嘉靖皇帝压进圆石里面，再也无法出来，从此才变成一深一浅的龙凤石。1889年祈年殿被焚烧时，这块龙凤石被烈火熏烧了一个昼夜，石块虽未被烧碎，但龙纹被烧成浅黑色，凤纹被烧得模糊不清。祈年殿前有东、西配殿各九间，称东庑和西庑，是收藏配神牌位的库房。明代祭天时，除祭祷皇天上帝外，还要配祭皇族朱氏祖先，以及日、月五星，东、西、南、北、中的五大岳，五小岳的五镇，四海四渎(河湖)、风云雷雨、山川、太岁、道教等各神祗和历代帝王等。

神乐署

神乐署原为天坛五大建筑之一，在圜丘坛西天门外西北，始建于明朝永乐十八年(1420xx年)。神乐署是管理祭天时演奏古乐的机关。明代叫神乐观，当时神乐观的乐舞官、舞生都由道士担任。

而现在的神乐署占地一万平方米，由三进大殿组成。演奏场是刚刚重建的———作为明清时期的最高乐舞学府，神乐署经过两年多修缮向游人开放。在专题展览室里，游人还可以亲自敲打编钟，感受古乐的魅力。凝视殿里，木廊柱下，现代灯光交织辉映，照亮了30位身穿古代华服的乐师———头戴垂绦冠，身穿黑锦衣，肩头、前襟和袖口绣着红黄织锦图案。他们是国内音乐界的古乐演奏家、民乐指挥家、音乐史学家。

雅乐是中华仪式音乐的代表，指皇家宫廷在进行祭祀等仪式时演奏的音乐。乐队的排列是琴瑟在中，笙箫在侧，钟、磬合围三面。雅乐的节奏较为舒缓，乐师一边演奏，一列歌者在旁配合演唱古文歌词。还有不配歌词的琴瑟合奏曲，以及《诗经?国风》的独唱。六支雅乐结束后，余音绕梁，台下掌声经久不息。一位首次弹奏“瑟”的乐手说，“瑟”之音比古琴清亮，比古筝柔和，百年不闻于世，实在可惜。

南神厨院

南神厨院建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，位于圜丘东，座北朝南，院门南开，主要建筑有神库、神厨、井亭，是圜丘冬至祭天大典之前制作圜丘坛各种祭品的场所。院门外有走牲道与圜丘东棂星门相连，祭时临时搭设走牲棚以运送祭品。建筑规整庄重，是我国祭祀建筑中仅存的几座神厨之一。

闲唠天坛

1420xx年，明永乐皇帝朱棣用工十四年与紫禁城同时建成了天坛。这个巨大的祭天神庙位于故宫正南偏东的城南。也许和那个时候还保留着一些相似，南城在今天仍是京城中比较后发展的区域。拜后发展之赐，南城鲜有鳞次栉比的高大建筑群用来遮天蔽地，从长安街中心地段往南即使是步行也不需要很久，就可以张望到高撑空中盖笠一样的祈年殿鎏金宝石蓝琉璃顶或是绵亘数公里素朴的灰砖围墙之一隅。

北方的园林不比江南建造的细巧雅致，多是宏大叙事，动辄占地数百公顷。有一种说法，天坛当年的设计者们顾忌天坛是祭天之所，皇帝既然自称是天之子，“老天”的居所自然要大过“天子”，因此天坛的占地面积比故宫要大两倍。大概出于同样的顾忌，天坛的主体建筑都以深蓝琉璃瓦敷顶，不敢僭越使用本属皇家园林专用的明黄色琉璃，而每年度的祭天大典开始前皇帝更要到丹陛桥东侧专设的具服台临时将黄袍换成蓝袍以向上天演示他虔诚的敬畏和顶礼膜拜。这样的祭典在这里延续了数百年，直到上个世纪的1920xx年，史称窃国大盗的袁世凯当上皇帝的时候又声势浩大地操办了一次之后就正式拉上了帷幕。

天坛的南北东西各有一门，其主要建筑集中在内坛中轴线的南北两端。对于匆匆的游客来说，最好从南门开始游览。从南门进园，依次先到寰丘坛，这座几何造型祭天坛的建筑充满奇思巧技，坛面、台阶、栏杆所用的汉白玉石块全是九的倍数，象征九重天;皇穹宇是放置皇天上帝牌位的地方，造型像是一个小号的祈年殿;在皇穹宇的外面，有一道圆形磨砖对缝的围墙，门向南开，就是很有趣的回音壁。在回音壁试回音要方法得当，如果同行两人，两人应面向北分别站在东西配殿后才能听见彼此的说话。回音壁北有祈年殿、皇乾殿，是北端的重要建筑，其间由一条宽阔的丹陛桥相连接。天高云淡的晚秋时节跨出祈年殿的大门，顺着这条三百米长笔直的甬道往南望去，门廊重重，越远越小，天地渺然雄浑似是极目无尽，令人不得不赞叹当年设计建筑的手法和灵感。天坛另有东侧的游廊、神厨、宰牲亭和西天门的斋宫等建筑和古迹。特别是斋宫，因为是皇帝典礼前沐浴焚香清心静养留宿斋戒的地方，不似天坛的其他建筑那么恢弘高远俨俨然天庭气概。暮春时分，斋宫内外两道护城河的河池铺满盛开的紫花沙参，榆叶梅绚烂的花枝隐现在红墙悬山顶绿琉璃瓦建造的重重回廊房舍和小小的月亮门上，透着庭院深深的人间气息。难以想象，八国联军那时候怎么就能把联军总司令部设在这样清幽净心之地而不得些感化。

其实对于把天坛当作自己生活空间向户外延展的市民来说，天坛的华美建筑只是他们在这里活动的一个大背景，更大的吸引力来自这是城区独有的森林公园。明清以来天坛广植松柏，至今已成森然巨林。

大家好：

我是北京天坛导游——刘雪琪，大家可以叫我刘导。今天我将陪同大家观光游览北京天坛。

我们现在看见的就是天坛。天坛是明清两朝皇帝祭天、祈祷丰收的场所，也是我国现存最大的一处坛庙建筑，天坛东西长1700米，南北长1600米。总面积为273万平方米，并有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，象征“天圆地方”。

现在请大家跟我往里走。这里是祈年殿，它高38。2米，直径24。2米，坐北朝南，一整个大殿都是木质的，其中雕有金龙的四根代表春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。其余的代表十二个月和十二个时辰。

再往里走就是回音壁了，城壁使用磨砖砌成的，墙头覆盖着蓝色玻璃瓦。回音壁具有奇特的回音效果，一个人靠墙说话，传到一、二百米的另一端，对方听得清清楚楚，堪称奇趣，造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。大家不防试一试。

请大家往回音壁的外围看，那是一株500余岁的桧柏，由于树干纹理非常的奇特，好像九条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以它叫九龙柏。大家可以和它合影留念。

各位游客朋友们，今天北京天坛一日游就快结束了，大家玩得开心吗?希望下次有机会还能为大家做导游。

大家好，我是你们的导游小宇。今天我将带领大家去北京天坛。

天坛，在北京市南部，东城区永定门内大街东侧。占地约273万平方米。天坛始建于明永乐十八年(1420xx年)，清乾隆、光绪时曾重修改建。为明、清两代帝王祭祀皇天、祈五谷丰登之场所。天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称，有坛墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。主要建筑在内坛，圜丘坛在南、祈谷坛在北，二坛同在一条南北轴线上，中间有墙相隔。圜丘坛内主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇等等，祈谷坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、祈年门等。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，此刻大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，那里能够这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5A级旅游景区，全国重点礼貌保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上此刻规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1920xx年作为公园正式对外开放。

坛为三层圆形石台，坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。

天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制，天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起，对天坛建筑进行了多次修理，天坛最后构成了南北两坛，规制严谨的盛郎风貌。

天坛到处有美丽的风景，说也说不尽，期望您有机会细细游赏。

各位游客：

大家好，我是你们的导游，小李。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5A级旅游景区，全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上现在规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1920xx年作为公园正式对外开放。

坛为三层圆形石台，坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。

天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制，天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起，对天坛建筑进行了多次修理，天坛终于形成了南北两坛，规制严谨的盛郎风貌。

天坛到处有美丽的风景，说也说不尽，希望你有机会细细游赏。

各位游客：大家好，我是你们的导游_。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，此刻大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，那里能够这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5A级旅游景区，全国重点礼貌保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上此刻规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1918年作为公园正式对外开放。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了天坛，首先我为大家简单介绍一下，天坛是世a686964616fe58685e5aeb界上现存的规模最大的古代皇家祭祀性建筑群，它是明清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷及祈雨的地方.天坛完工于公元1420年，位于紫禁城的东南方向，全园占地273公顷，是紫禁城面积的4倍。在中轴线上有三组非常重要的建筑，自南向北依次是圜丘坛、皇穹宇及祈年殿。另外，园中西侧有斋宫等建筑，全园遍植古松、庄严肃穆，是一处非常理想的祭祀场所。

在明代，天坛初建之时，实行天地合祭，不仅祭天，而且祭地，其位置便是今天祈年殿所在的祈谷坛上。后来，在京城的北面设地坛，专门祭地，又在祈年殿的南侧修建了圜丘坛及皇穹宇，专门祭天，从而形成了今天的格局及规模。1900年八国联军入侵北京，天坛也未能幸免于难。侵略者在此胡作非为，盗走并破坏无数珍贵文物，犯下不可饶恕的罪行。

最后一个在这里祭天的人是窃国大盗袁世凯，但天不随人愿，袁某只做了83天皇帝瘾便一命归西了。解放后，国家多次拨款重修天坛，但不再是为了祭天，而是为了给世人、给世界留下一份遗产。

大家好!今天咱们一起来到了中国的“世界文化遗产”之一——天坛。天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的祭祀建筑，建于明代永乐十八年，也就是1420xx年。

现在请大家跟随我从北门进入。一进门大家就可以看见四排整整齐齐的绿松树，中间这两排是龙柏，两旁则是高大的松柏。走过门洞，走上台阶，就是著名的祈年殿。祈年殿四周的围墙是方方正正的，而祈年殿本身从下至上都是圆形的，这代表了“天圆地方”。殿中有28根柱子分为三种：第一种是最长也是最精美、红色雕金的四根柱子，位于中央，叫“龙柱”，又叫“通天柱”，代表春夏秋冬四个季节。第二种是位于中圈朱红色的十二根柱子，叫“金柱”，代表一年中的十二个月。第三种是位于外圈与殿身成一体的十二根巨柱，叫“檐柱”，代表一天中的十二个时辰。第二种加第三种24根柱子代表了一年中的24个节气，三种总共28根柱子代表了28个星宿。殿里有八把椅子意味着有八个皇帝，前面放着他们的牌位。殿中有上贡的牛，桌上还有许多食物，都是用来祭祀的。等祭祀完成后就要把牛羊等动物放到殿外的燔柴炉里烧掉。

接下来我们要从祈年殿南门直走先去皇穹宇和回音壁，不过遗憾地告诉大家，由于以前有人不爱惜公物遗产，在回音壁上乱涂乱刻，现在已经用铁栅栏封上了，希望大家参观游览时要爱护公物遗产。之后我们再去圜丘，大家可以站在天心石上吼两嗓子，声音可非同一般呀，一定是又浓厚又洪亮。

现在我们就出发了……

女士们，先生们，大家好!我是带领你们去北京天坛游玩的导游小章，很荣幸能在这里为你们服务，有什么做的不周的地方请多多指教。

我们现在来到了精致、漂亮的北京天坛。天坛位于北京的南端，是清、明两代皇帝每年祭天和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。它严谨的建筑布局，奇特的建筑结构，魅力的建筑装饰，被认为是我国现存的一组最精致、最美丽的古建筑群，在世界上可是有极大的声誉呢!

进了天坛，我们知道了天坛建于明永乐十八年，也就是一四二零年，与故宫是同时修建的，天坛的总面积约二百七十万平方米，可大啦!分为内坛和外坛两部分，主要建筑物全都在内坛。南边有圆丘坛、皇穹宇，北边有祈年殿、皇乾殿，是由一座高2米半，宽28米，长360米的甬道把这两组建筑连接起来。天坛的总体设计，从它的建筑布局到每一个细部处理，都强调了“天”。它那300多米长的高出地面的甬道，我们登临其上，环顾四周，首先看到的是那广阔的天空和那像征天的祈年殿，一种与天接近的感觉油然而生。这条甬道又叫海漫大道，这是因为古人认为到天坛去拜天，等于上天，而由人间到天上去的路途非常遥远、漫长。

女士们，先生们，今天的游程到此结束，谢谢你们的光临，再见!