洛阳白马寺的英文导游词（优秀20篇）

Visitors: when in a garden scenic spot planning, garden owners in accordance with the main route clockwise decorated the spring, summer, autumn and winter around fake rock scene, novel idea and fine timber, the entourage of harmony, tight structure. In landscape sequence with the theme of rockery, seasonal feature is writing proposition, hills is enlightenment, summerhill is a ministry, akiyama is high, the winter hill is an end, like the creation of music or writing articles, has a strict rhyme.

Dear visitors: a garden rockery summed up the so-called "hills and like to laugh, talk and metallurgy summerhill, such as green, bright and clean, such as makeup, akiyama mountain winter bleak and such as sleep" and "hills should swim, summerhill appropriate, the appropriate akiyama, winter mountain livable" HuaLi. Park and "appropriate woo hin", "mountain building", "stroke YunTing", "autumn pavilion", "air leakage through yue xuan" and other ancient buildings. Four seasons rockery in the set off of these LouTaiTingGe and fomous trees dotted with, more show of primitive simplicity and elegant, deep and Japan. Stone someone said that the four criteria: "wrinkled, thin, transparent, leak," seems to have conclusive, its just a general stacked stone skills, like a garden this peak building stone, a four seasons rockery, garden week, seemed to swim in, a sign of designing different extremely common; More valuable, this spring, summer, autumn and winter are not isolated individuals separated, but unaware tiancheng. Winter scene is give a person the sense with snow did not disappear chills. But by spring scenery of the west wall opened two circular tracery, see bamboo wall to zhizhi, and give people "winter do bursts hunlei" profound artistic conception, the whole garden is like a huge picture scroll of composing system, the harmony of the beauty of composition.

Visitors: a garden of the main landscape has finished touring. In swimming alone YuanHou, perhaps you will send a heartfelt sigh: and I also yangzhou garden, is indeed a garden in the essence of the garden.

洛阳世界文化遗产龙门石窟导游词范文

龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，现为世界文化遗产、全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区，下面第一范文网小编为大家带来了洛阳世界文化遗产龙门石窟导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助!

世界遗产--龙门石窟导游词

女士们、先生们，大家早上好!俗话说“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”!首先对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎，我是咱们此次旅行的导游员钱宸琦，大家能够叫我小钱或钱导，我很荣幸也很乐意为大家服务，如果大家有什么问题都能够提出，我会尽可能满足大家的合理要求。

相聚是一种缘分，我期望大家在相聚的日子里相互关心相互爱护，注意安全，为这段旅程留下一个完美而难忘的回忆。

大家都明白，我国有四大石刻艺术宝库。它们分别为甘肃敦煌的莫高窟，山西大同的云冈石窟，甘肃天水的麦积山石窟，而另一个呢，就是我们这天要去参观的龙门石窟了。

龙门石窟位于洛阳市南13公里处，由两山组成，一山为香山，因古代的时候，山上长有一种含香味的植物而得名。另一座为西山，是我们这天参观的主要景点。大多的造像，洞窟，刻碑，都是建在西山上的。相传两山本为一座山，大禹治水时，嫌其阻水淹田，就用一把大斧子把它劈成了两半，于是就成了两座山。

龙门石窟，在北魏太和年间(447-499)北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳前后就在此营建，经历了众多的朝代，开凿时光长达400多年之久，距今已有1500多年的历史了。现有佛像十万余尊，佛窟，佛龛2100多个，碑刻题记3600多块，洞内造像多为唐代河北魏时期开凿的、其中唐代占三分之二，北魏占三分之一，

龙门石窟是我国古代莫北人民智慧的结晶，艺术实践的结果，堪称我国雕刻艺术宝库，为研究我国古代历史，文化，佛教，雕刻，服饰带给了极为丰富的资料，它是佛教流传到我国后，与中国文化相结合的典范。

朋友们，此刻大家已经来到龙门石窟北端第一大窟，钱西寺，这是唐高宗初年雕凿的一个洞窟，洞中主佛是阿弥托佛，她面部丰满，双肩宽厚，衣纹整洁流畅，主佛左侧是大弟子家业，右侧为小弟子阿难，两第子两侧分别为观音菩萨和大势至菩萨，钱西寺洞高19米，大势至菩萨是龙门石窟雕刻中最精美的雕像之一，雕像躯体比例适中，丰满敦厚，表情文雅文静，开起盛唐时期那种丰满，典雅的造型风格的序曲。

此刻我们面前的三座洞窟合称宾阳三洞，以中洞为代表，它是北魏宣武帝为他的父亲孝文帝和母亲文昭皇后做功德而建，洞中三壁早三连像，从南到北依次为过去连佛燃灯佛，此刻连佛释迦牟尼和弥勒佛，完成于六世纪中叶，显示了我国石窟艺术发展的高超水平。

前面那便是石佛洞，洞内两侧雕刻有整齐排列的15000尊小佛。石佛洞即由此得名，是龙门石窟中造像组最完整的洞窟之一。

沿着台阶而上，此刻我们看到的是凤先寺，它是龙门石窟中规模最大，唐代雕刻艺术中最具有代表性的作品，洞中主佛卢舍那大佛，通高有17。14米，，头高4米，身长7。9米，是龙门石窟中最大的雕像。

大家请看那佛首微垂，呈俯视状，下垂的目光，似在关注着大千世界的芸芸众生，少中的俯首和下垂的目光是整个卢舍那大佛的精髓所在，更是雕塑的画龙点睛之笔，卢舍那大佛的双目，利用光的折射使用阴刻的刀法把眼球雕刻成前凹进去，而又持续着瞳孔部分的凸出，利用光线的反差，也就早就出了大佛睿智深邃的目光，他那智慧的目光，恰好和朝拜者虔诚的目光交汇可引起人们感情上的震撼，凤先寺的整个布局好像是黄氏在预兆文武百官的场面，它既是盛唐雕刻艺术的代表，又是人类美术史上的杰作，具有永恒的艺术魅力和美学价值!

好了，各位游客，这天的讲解就到那里，下方留给两个小时的自由参观时光，两个小时之后我们在龙门石窟全场留念。

洛阳龙门石窟导游词

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

洛阳，素称“九朝古都”，但实际上先后有十三个朝代在此建都。洛阳作为都城，前后历时1520xx年，是中国七大古都中建都时光最早、朝代最多、历史最长的古都。

距市区13公里的龙门是洛阳南面的天然门户，那里两岸香山、龙门山对立，伊水中流，远望就象天然的门阙一样。因此自春秋战国以来，那里就获得了一个形象化的称谓“伊阙”。隋炀帝都洛阳，因宫城城门产正对伊阙，古代帝王又以真龙天子自居，因此得名“龙门”，“龙门”之名即延用至今。举世闻名的龙门石窟就雕刻在伊河两岸的山崖上，南北长约1公里。从北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳时开始营造，经过东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐、延至北宋，累计大规模开凿约四百余年，现存窟龛2345个，碑刻题记2800余块，佛塔70余座，造像近11万尊。其窟龛、造像和题记数量之多，居中国石窟之冠，与敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟并称为中国三大佛教艺术宝库。中华人民共和国国务院于1961年确定龙门石窟为全国第一批重点文物保护单位。20xx年11月，联合国教科文组织第24届世界遗产委员透过列入《世界遗产名录》。

龙门石窟是中国古代封建政权凌驾于佛教之上的宗教艺术，由于魏、唐两代皇室的参与而构成了龙门石窟皇家风范的重要特色，许多窟龛或造象的兴废变迁都与当时的政治形势变化有着密切关系。

“龙门山色”自古即为洛阳八景之首。北魏以来，那里松柏苍翠，寺院林立，到唐代有十寺最为有名。山脚处泉水汩汩，伊水碧波荡漾，唐代时行船往来，穿梭其中。精美的雕像与青山绿水交相辉映，构成了旖旎葱茏，。钟灵毓秀的龙门山色。伊阙风光。中国古代历史上曾有许多文人墨客，帝王将相，高僧大德徜徉于此，赋诗吟诵。唐代大诗人白居易“洛都四郊山水之胜，龙门首焉;龙门十寺观游之胜，香山首焉”的佳句，声名远扬，今诵尤新。

潜溪寺朋友们，下方我们将参观龙门石窟西山北端第一个大窟潜溪寺。潜溪寺为唐高宗初年雕造。洞内造像为一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王。主像阿弥陀佛居中而坐，身体各部比例匀称，面容丰满，胸部隆起，表情静穆慈祥。两侧观世音、大势至菩萨体躯比例适中，丰满敦厚，表情温雅文静，富于人情味，揭示了唐初雕刻艺术的长足发展。阿弥陀佛和观世音、大势至菩萨合称为“西方三圣”，是佛教净土宗供奉的偶像。

隋唐时代是中国佛教发展的又一个繁盛期。佛教学风在“破斥南北、禅义均弘”形势下，南北佛教徒们不断的交流和互相影响，完成了对以前各种佛教学说的概括和总结，从而使佛教中国化的趋向更加明显，也使佛教造像艺术充满了清新与活力。因此，在造像艺术上发生了不一样于北魏时代造像风格的变化，潜溪寺中的造像已揭开了盛唐那种丰腴、典雅的造像风格的序曲。

宾阳中洞北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后，实行了好处重大、比较彻底的汉化改革，历史上称为“孝文改制”。由最高统治者实行的政治上的改革必然对当时皇家贵族发愿开凿的佛教石窟造像有必须影响。下方我们将参观的宾阳中洞的造像风格和服饰就是孝文帝改制在文化上的反映。

朋友们，此刻我们面前的这三座洞窟合称为宾阳三洞。宾阳三洞因统一规划、有计划开凿且并排布局而得名。这三座洞窟从公元520xx年开凿直到520xx年停工，历时长达20xx年还未完工，史书记载用工多达80多万。中间的为宾阳中洞，是北魏宣武帝为其父母孝文帝及文昭皇太后祈福做功德而开凿。洞中三壁造三世佛，从南向兹依次为过去世燃灯佛、此刻世佛释迦牟尼和未来世佛弥勒佛。

宾阳中洞的窟顶是穹隆形，好像蒙古包的顶部，地面雕刻着大型莲花，周边是莲花花瓣、水波纹和其它装饰图案，如同鲜艳美丽的地毯式样貌。这种形式使人很自然联想起北方游牧民族的生活。

主佛释迦牟屁，造像手法已和北魏鲜卑族拓拔部固有的粗犷敦厚之风有所不一样，而是吸收了中原地区汉民族文化的成分和当时南朝所流行的“清瘦俊逸”的风尚，构成了迁都洛阳后佛教造像“秀骨清像”的艺术形式。主佛体态修长，面容清瘦，眉目疏朗，嘴角上翘，表情温和，神采飘逸。服饰已脱去了云冈石窟中双领下垂式袈裟和偏袒右肩式袈裟，改为中原地区褒衣博带的形式，衣裙下部雕作羊肠纹拖在基座前部，一层一层折叠着。这种雕造风格迅速在全国流行开，成为北魏时期佛教艺术中国化、民族化的造像特色。

这种造像手法与现实生活中的人物形象接近了许多，正是孝文帝改制在龙门石窟造像上的反映。

中洞窟门内前壁两侧下层各有一幅大型浮雕，北为孝文帝及侍从礼佛图，南为文昭皇太后及嫔妃礼佛图。这两幅作品，精美绝伦，20世纪30年代被盗凿而去，现分别藏美国纽约大都会博物馆和堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。

1978年，当人们拆除宾阳中洞的清代所建砖券门时，雕凿于北魏时期造型鲜为人知的天王造像显此刻人们面前。朋友们请看，当时在窟门过道两壁上发现的就是三头四臂的帝释天王和四头四臂大梵天王浮雕。

宾阳中洞完成于六世纪中叶，它显示了当时我国石窟艺术发展的高超水平。

伊阙佛龛之碑-----李泰与宾阳南洞朋友们，我们此刻所看的这块大碑，名为“伊阙佛龛之碑”，由唐太宗时中书侍郎岑文本撰文，中央令、大书法家褚遂良书丹。这通碑为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字形奇伟秀美，是唐楷书法艺术的珍品。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，碑文中并有超多粉饰、美化李泰之语。因此，结合太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位的史实可知，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的和用心。需要说明的是，这通碑原应为此魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。

宾阳南洞下方我们参观宾阳南洞。宾阳南洞是在北魏未完工的基础上，为唐代早期又继续开凿的洞窟，所以在造像艺术上承北魏刚健之遗风，下开盛唐活泼生动之气象。主尊像阿弥托佛面部丰润，嘴唇厚大，衣纹自然、流畅。这一期间的宝座都是呈方形直角，到了盛唐才趋向于莲花束腰须弥座的形式。

洞内龛像密布，其中太宗贞观年间的题记达19处，为中国石窟中贞观题记最多的一窟。众多的造像题记为研究初唐的石窟造像艺术带给了珍贵的文字资料。

摩崖三佛龛朋友们，我们面前的这一窟因临山摩崖造像且题材为三佛而称为摩崖三佛龛。崖壁上为三坐佛，以弥勒佛为主尊居中，左、右二结迦坐佛。以弥勒为主尊的三佛题材为中国石窟所罕见。该窟无题记，结合文献研究，该窟应为武则天建立武周政权制造佛教神学舆论所开凿，宣扬武氏为弥勒下凡，以利于稳固政权。它开凿于武周政权时期，即公元690年左右，因武氏晚年发生了张柬之策动的政变，武周政权结束，该窟随即中辍，因此，窟中造像仅为毛坯，比较粗糙。

万佛洞万佛洞因洞内窟壁上雕刻有一万五千尊小佛像而得名。窟顶莲花周围刻有“大唐永隆元年十一月三十日成，大监姚神表，内道场运禅师一万千尊像龛”的题记，证明这个洞窟完工于公元680年的十一月三十日，主持修造者是大监姚神表和内道场的智运禅师。

主佛阿弥陀佛的造像手法体现了唐代盛行的以丰腴为美的审美时尚，表现出一种雍容大度、仪态轩昂的造像风格。人物波状的发纹、丰满圆润的脸部轮廓、垂肩的双耳、宽厚的双肩、简洁流畅的衣纹都证明盛唐的雕刻技艺在这一时期已经到达了成熟的阶段。

主佛端坐于仰覆莲束腰须弥宝座上，在宝座束腰部位雕刻了四位金刚托重力士，他们的肌肉突出，富于动态，与主佛的静态，一动一静构成了鲜明的比较。

南北两壁雕刻的一万五千多尊高约4厘米的小佛，把整个万佛洞装点成西方佛国中佛祖弘扬佛法、众生虔诚聆听的场面。在窟顶碑刻题记的外侧是凌空飘舞的飞天，这飞些天手捧供果，翩翩起舞，与它对应的是窟内南北两壁壁基下部的伎乐人。每侧墙壁下部各有6位伎乐人，手持空篌、法锣、羯鼓，一方面为研究唐代音乐带给了史料，另一方面，它们与窟顶飞天上下呼应，营造了一种西天极乐世界里，歌舞升平，万人成佛的场景。

万佛洞前后两室，窟门外两侧为二力士，前室南北壁原先刻有龙门石窟体形最大、造形最为精美的护法狮子两尊，20世纪30年被盗，现藏于美国波士顿博物馆。

窟门外南壁上部刻有一观音菩萨，面部丰润，体态健美左手提净瓶，右臂向上弯曲持佛尘搭于右肩。她那扭动的身躯、微斜的头颈、丰满的胸部，构成了优美的曲线，显得含蓄、端庄，是唐刻观音菩萨的杰作。

双窟万佛洞下的这两座洞窟因并排雕凿且有共同的前室而得名“双窟”。北洞中是三世佛造像，主尊为释迦牟尼，南北两侧是二弟子、二菩萨以及过去佛和未来佛。三世佛的造像题材表现了佛教世界里的过去、此刻和未来。

在双窟的南洞里，雕凿的主佛是弥勒佛，南北两壁上雕有小千佛。弥勒和释迦牟尼分列在南北两个洞窟，称作双窟，它们完工于同一时代，所以在人们的想象中是当时的唐高宗李治和皇后武则天共同临朝执政的一种局面。在这个历史时期，武则天实际上是掌管朝廷的重权，奏章都由她来批阅。武则天在这一时期，为了用心树立自我就是弥勒下世这一思想，但又有碍于李治在位的实际状况，所以就把释迦牟尼和弥勒共同雕凿于南北两窟，就是此刻我们看到的这种双窟并列的局面。

莲花洞朋友们，此刻我们面前的这座洞窟称为莲花洞。因洞顶有一朵保存完好、直径达3米多的高浮雕的大莲花而得名。洞内造一佛二弟子，均呈立姿，为释迦牟尼带领两个弟子游说讲经之像。主佛采用高浮雕手法，两侧的弟子迦叶、阿难用浮雕手法，比较鲜明。迦叶身披厚重的袈裟，手持锡杖，胸部肋骨暴露，细腻地表现出这位佛教继承人经过艰辛岁月，长途跋涉的形象。他右手拄着的锡杖上带有九个响环，震地有声，据说是佛教中一种法器。人们听见响环的声音，就明白佛祖到来，出外叩拜佛祖、倾听佛法。

二弟子的头像于20世纪30年代被盗凿，现都存于法国吉美博物馆。

窟顶莲花周围环绕着飞天，她们手捧供果和其它的器皿，显得飘逸洒脱，在《妙法莲花经》里曾有这样的记载：飞天是佛教中的香因神，说是诸天伎乐，百千万神于虚空中一时俱作，雨众天华，表现了佛教中飞天和伎乐人营造出欢乐和谐的场面。

洞窟南壁左上部层层排列了几层小型佛像，据说这是龙门石窟最小的佛像，高度仅有2厘米，五官清晰，刻画细腻。南壁壁面上排列了许多佛龛，龛楣装饰有各自不一样的特点：有帷帐式的，有的是火焰纹，有表现文殊与维摩诘对座辩法的故事，还有礼佛图的形象。在龛楣细部，有忮乐人、飞天，有莲花化生出来的菩萨;有线刻的，有浅浮雕的。其中一对飞天，她们的衣裙向上卷起，飘飘荡荡的形式好象一朵盛开的莲花，而两个飞天的面部正是莲花的花蕾。外侧是一些伎乐人向她们飘飞过来，荡起的衣裙好象莲花的枝蔓一样，表现了一种绿柳丝绦万千条景象。

这个小龛龛楣是火焰纹的造型，它的火焰向内收，到中间再向上构成火苗的苗头，火焰纹之上南北两侧各一组众生听法像，这个浮雕表现了文殊菩萨和维摩诘辩法的情景。它的上部是帷幕，帷幕是中国民俗画常有的表现形式，在那里我们看到外来的佛教文化与中国本土文化的结合，成为有中国特色的佛雕艺术形式。

窟外门楣为火焰纹，中间刻有一个兽形铺首，雕工精湛。左上方有明代河南巡抚赵岩题“伊阙”二字。

奉先寺此刻，我们参观的是奉先寺。奉先寺，原名“大卢舍那像龛”，规模宏大、气势磅礴、雕像精美、技艺精湛，是龙门石窟开凿规模最大的摩崖像龛，也是龙门石窟唐代雕刻艺术中最有代表性的作品。据于唐玄宗开元十年刻就的《河洛上都龙门之阳大卢舍那像龛记》记载，奉先寺为唐高宗所创，皇后武则天曾于高宗咸亨三年(672年)捐助脂粉钱两万贯，工程完工于上元二年(675年)。整个大像龛造像布局为一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士等一铺九尊大像，主尊“大卢舍那佛”坐像，通高17。14米，头高4米，耳长1。9米，面相丰满圆润，方额广颐，眉若弯月，双目俯视，炯炯有神;略作微笑，两耳长垂，衣纹简练，灵活而又储蓄的眼睛显得更加秀美，整尊造像，给人一种庄严典雅、肃穆宁静之感。左侧迦叶，身首虽残，但仍显出一位饱经风霜的老僧形象;右侧阿难，浓眉细眼、年轻睿智、虔诚大方、充满自信，宛如一聪慧少所形象。二菩萨衣饰华丽，端庄而矜持的表情，天王严肃威武而双硕壮有力的神情，力士坚毅勇猛而双暴躁的性格，以及那无所谓惧倾力承托的地鬼，无不形神兼备、惟妙惟肖。其雕凿规模、艺术设计、人物塑造、雕像造型方面的成就，反映了唐代艺术家的高超技艺、审美时尚、美学理念和唐代美术所到达高度

艺术水平。同时，在必须程度上也反映了当时统治阶级及艺术家心目中神化的“圣贤”形象，从另一侧面又折射出了当时社会佛教发展的盛况和唐代国力的强大。因此，奉先寺大卢舍那像龛群雕，既是盛唐雕刻艺术的代表，又是人类美术史上的杰作，具有永恒的艺术魅力和美学价值。

古阳洞朋友们，参观完奉先寺，我们将继续参观南面的古阳洞。著名的“龙门二十品”其中有十九品就在这一洞窟中。北魏孝文帝太和十七年(公元493年)迁都洛阳，孝文帝开始在龙门为其祖母冯太后开窟造像祈福作功德，王公大臣、贵族、官僚、武官将相继在窟内造像，这就构成了古阳洞内最早的一批造像，从而开始皇家营造龙门的第一斧第一凿，揭开了建立龙门石窟的第一篇章。

此刻我们面前的这一洞窟就是古阳洞，它是利用天然溶洞扩凿而成的。正壁主佛为释迦牟尼，结跏趺坐于方形台座上。面相长圆，较为瘦削。头顶还塑了一个发冠，发冠本身是道的产物，这是在清朝八国联军侵略中国，慈禧太后逃亡西安回北京途中飘过龙门留下的，所以当地也有人称古阳洞为老君洞。

主佛两侧的菩萨上身微微后倾，头戴宝冠，面容清秀，上身袒露，身着长裙，造型厚重，比例匀称，表情庄重文静，姿态优美，是北魏石刻艺术的代表作。

北侧墙壁上排列了三层大型佛龛，最上方一排的造像与云冈石窟有着一脉相承的联系，佛像都是结跏趺坐，形体较显浑厚。如果说它还持续着云冈石窟的特色的话，那么第二层交脚弥勒的造像，则体现了北魏时期龙门石窟造像秀骨清姿的艺术格调。人物瘦小，细腰，双腿交叉坐于台座上。北壁最上部的佛龛雕凿于北魏景明三年，我们此刻只能看到佛龛残损的身躯，佛头高32厘米，被人盗走后，此刻为私人收藏。最下部的一排佛龛，造像风格表现出雍容大度的特点，可能是唐早期的作品。不一样时期的造像集中在同一洞窟里，说明了古阳洞雕凿时光之长，绵延朝代之久。

龙门石窟中有许多碑刻题记，经过历朝的推崇，到清代中期，人们从这2800多块题记中，精选出了二十块有代表性的作品，称为“龙门二十品”，古阳洞就占十九品。“龙门二十品”是魏碑书法的杰出代表，以“龙门二十品”为代表的魏碑体，字形端正大方，魄力雄强，气象浑穆，上承汉隶，下开唐楷，在我国的书法艺术上占有重要地位，被视为国宝。

北魏造像峻拔瘦硬的风格与魏碑斩刻奇肆的风格艺术内涵相通。历史上书法家发现了碑刻题记的价值，却又把雕像视为工匠的艺术。相反，西方研究中国艺术史的专家对北魏石雕给予了极高的评价，认为“魏的雕刻代表了人类宗教艺术的一个高峰”。

药方洞药方洞因窟门两侧刻有古代药方而得名。此洞北魏晚期建立，经东魏和北齐，直至唐初仍有雕刻，因此在雕刻艺术上呈现不一样时代的多种艺术风格。洞内主佛、二弟子、二菩萨和洞外二力士及窟门八角束腰莲花柱均为北齐所雕造。该洞是龙门石窟中具有北齐造像风格的唯一大型石窟。北齐时期的雕像头部硕大，身躯如柱，给人以臃肿、笨拙的感觉。

洞口过道两侧石壁上刻有药方近140个，治疗40种疾病。治疗方法主要是药物治疗和针灸治疗。涉及科别有内科、外科、妇科、儿科、五官科、皮肤科、神经科、肿瘤科、泌尿科等。所用药物多是我国农村常见的植物药、动物药和矿物药。制剂方法有丸、散、膏、汤等。

药方洞石刻药方刻于唐代初年，是我国现存最早的石刻药方，是我国医学宝库中的瑰宝。它记录了我国古代医药的成就，在研究我国医药学上有重要价值。

皇甫公窟皇甫公窟因北魏胡太后母舅皇甫度开凿而得名。主佛释迦牟尼高3。18米，身穿褒衣带式的袈裟，衣饰用平直九刀刻法，衣裙有棱有角，坐在莲花座上。面部已经残损了，头上还留有高肉髻，右足外露，足掌向上;右臂平举，手掌上扬;左手掌心向外，手指向下，作满足人们愿望的与愿印。搞笑的是，这尊大佛竟有有6个手指，据说是按照孝明皇帝的形象塑造的。由此能够看出皇甫度以佛事向皇帝献忠心的良苦用心。

皇甫公窟南、北壁基下保存有具有极高价值的礼佛图浮雕，这两幅浮雕人物图案带有浓重的绘画意味。北壁皇帝礼佛图东起前三人为比丘，前两个比丘正俯身向香炉内添香，第三位是年长的高僧，左手托钵作前导。第四人为一老妇，头饰华丽，身穿长裙大袖，左手持一莲蕾，徐步向前。弟八人为一青年男子，头戴笼冠，身穿宽袍大袖的长袍，右手托钵，搞笑的是其身后还有一男童为他提衣摆。这一男一女无疑是孝明皇帝和胡太后。这一作品用写实的手法把人物的年龄，性格，身份，气质都刻画得淋漓尽致，其余的宫女有的手举华盖，有的手拿莲蕾，虔诚严肃，徐徐而行。南壁则为皇甫公夫妇礼佛图。

左右二菩萨半结跏趺坐在菩提树下，坐树下思维状。菩提树树干弯曲，枝繁叶茂。树的上方又分别刻有一组罗汉像，罗汉身穿双领下垂式袈裟，双手合十或手持莲花。

围绕着窟顶的莲花有八个伎乐，她们衣带飘扬，手持琵琶、笙、排萧等乐器，翱翔云间，由此看出在北魏时期，这些乐器就已经十分盛行了。

擂鼓台南洞参观完西山的洞窟，请朋友们继续参观东山的洞窟。此刻我们面前的这三座洞窟称为“擂鼓台三洞”。南边的这座窟为擂鼓台南洞。洞内方形座台上的佛像被称作“大日如来”在密宗里“大日如来”指的就是释迦牟尼。主佛头戴佛冠，臂戴臂钏，脖子戴项圈，穿袒右肩式袈裟，整个造像保留了外来造像艺术风格。

佛端坐在束腰方形台座上，这种台座在武周时期是比较流行的式样。从正面看，佛头部微微向下倾斜，目光向下俯视，和礼拜者的眼神交流，流露出一种关爱世人的殷殷之情。主尊丰润的右臂搭于盘起的右膝之上，舒闲的神态、优雅坐姿都体现出佛的从容、恬静。从侧面看这尊大佛的形态，头微微向前倾斜，肩向后仰，腰向内收，臀部依其坐势显得收放有序，胸部向前隆起，腰部三道环形的衣纹线条又显现出腰部肌肉的健康有力。整个佛的造像极富质感，也正贴合古人所说的：肌理细腻，骨肉亭匀。

在四壁上有高约36厘米的菩萨坐像，层层排列着有760尊之多，端坐在四周的墙壁上，神态肃穆安祥，似乎正在聆听佛弘扬佛法。菩萨在古印度都是男性的形象，传入中国后，逐渐塑成了女性的形象。

创造者对人物的形态美把握得相当适度，简洁明快的线条和人体造型的健康都表现了当时的雕凿者自身的审美价值取向及美学理想。

擂鼓台中洞中间的这座洞窟称为擂鼓台中洞，又叫“大万五佛洞”，因洞中造有一万五千尊小佛像，且比西山万佛洞小千佛稍大而得名。主尊为弥勒，整尊造像采取高佛雕手法，背光为龟甲形背屏，周围环绕着伎乐人/飞天、骑象和骑狮的童子。

主尊端坐在束腰方形高台坐上，台坐下部延伸出两朵莲花，每朵莲花上站立着一尊菩萨，整个造像浑然一体。主尊佛头20世纪30年代被盗，现藏于美国旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆。

洞窟雕凿完成于武周时期，是为武氏政权歌功颂德的。西山的双窟是弥勒与释迦牟尼并坐，当时武则天还没有成为一朝之君，证明她与李志一个天皇一个天后并列的身份，而在这一洞窟中，以弥勒佛为主尊，证明她已破天荒地成了一位女皇。

看经寺：此刻我们参观的是看经寺，看经寺是龙门东山最大的一个石窟，整个窟室的平面设计基本上呈方形，与同一时期其它洞窟最大的不一样是该窟正壁上没有主像，而是在洞窟地面中央建坛，上置佛像供人拜佛。据考证，该窟为禅宗开凿，洞窟造型为禅宗曾人打坐礼佛的禅堂。

窟内墙壁上部有一些不规则的零星造像，在北、东、南三壁下部雕有唐代最精美的一组29尊浮雕罗汉像。释迦牟尼去世之后，将传法的任务叫给了迦叶，迦叶寂灭后交给了阿难，之后传莫田地，传商那阿修，最后至二十九组菩提达摩。

菩提达摩是北魏时期自天竺来中国的曾人，被后代的佛教禅宗奉为第二十九代传人。看经寺这二十九尊传法的罗汉，恰好与《历代法宝记》所载西土二十九祖先相吻合。

窟内现二十六尊罗汉像保存完好，每尊罗汉像高约1。8米，与真人等高，神态各异，性格刻划入微，有饱经风霜而又睿智的、执着而又聪慧的、慈祥善良的、凶猛严历的、诙谐幽默的、严肃认真的，无不栩栩如生，是龙门石窟中现存最完整的一组罗汉群像雕刻。

龙门石窟虽然是佛教文化的艺术表现，但也折射出当时的政治、经济、和社会文化时尚。石窟中保留的超多宗教、美术、书法、音乐、医药、建筑等事物石料，使龙门石窟成为一做大型的石刻艺术博物馆。

古老的艺术、优美的环境、方便的交通、完善的旅游设施，吸引着越来越多的海内外学者和游人纷至沓来。

洛阳龙门石窟导游词范文

各位游客：

大家好，孔夫子说，有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。今天，我正是怀着这种心情来接待各位朋友的到来的。

洛阳，是中外闻名的历史名城。她有着悠久的历史、灿烂的文化和众多的文物古迹。为使各位来宾在洛阳期间能对这座古老城市的历史文化和古迹有进一步的了解，在乘车去景点参观的途中，我将洛阳的历史及龙门石窟的大致情况，向大家做简单的介绍。洛阳位于河南省西部、黄河中游的南岸。因地处洛河北岸而得名，意为洛水之阳。

洛阳在历史上曾是众多朝代建都的城市，素称“九朝古都”。在这一千多年的历史长河中，洛阳曾长时间地作为中国的政治、文化、经济的中心。今天，我们去参观的举世闻名的龙门石窟便是众多的文物古迹之一。

龙门石窟，在洛阳市南郊的龙门山口处，距市区12.5公里，从北魏太和十九年开凿，迄今已有1500余年的历史，它和敦煌莫高窟、大同云岗石窟，共同组成我国著名的三大石窟艺术宝库。

龙门，在春秋战国时期称“伊阙”，香山(东山)与龙门山(西山)东西对峙，伊水从中流过，形成一座壮丽的门阙。后因处于隋唐帝国之南，又称龙门。

所谓“石窟”，就是在石壁山崖上开凿的洞直，或是天然形成的石洞，用以藏身或贮藏食物和东西。早在原始社会，人们已利用天然石洞描绘动物形象和生活情景，然而以石窟寺的现象出现并作为佛教信徒、僧侣礼佛和修行的场所，却是在古印度兴起佛教后出现的。 由于山林的幽静、神秘、石窟的冬暖夏凉，依山雕凿石窟比用砖石筑的寺院便利耐久，所以在古印度出现了集建筑、绘画、雕凿艺术之大成的石窟寺。这种石窟寺艺术，随着僧侣的传教活动传入我国的边疆和内地，同我国民族特点和传统的各种艺术技法风格融合交汇，成为我国的一种特有的雕刻、彩绘工艺。我们今天要看的龙门石窟就是我国众多寺群中的瑰宝之一。

龙门石窟群的雕刻，除了前面所说的有利条件外，还有个不可忽视的自然条件。伊水两岸的山崖都属于古生代寒武纪和奥陶纪的石灰岩层。其石质坚硬、结构紧密，不宜风化和大面积脱裂，很适合于艺术造像，与其他砂岩石相比，有着宜于保存的有利条件。

洛阳龙门石窟的开凿是继甘肃的敦煌石窟、山西大同的云岗石窟之后由皇室开凿的又一大型石窟寺群，建于北魏太和年间，先后历经东魏、西魏、北齐、北周、隋唐、五代延至清代。前后400多年。其中大规模、有效率的营建约计150年左右，分别出现在北魏(占40余年)和隋唐(约占120xx年左右)时期。龙门石窟的大大小小的佛龛、石像沿伊水两岸星罗棋布的在龙门东西两山的崖壁上，南北长达1公里。

各位朋友，我们在龙门石窟参观约用1.5—2小时的时间，在此，我们每分钟可以看到1000余尊大大小小的佛像。据1962年龙门文物保管所统计，两山现存窟龛2100多个。大小造像10万余尊，佛塔40余座，造像题记碑文约2870多块。造像以北魏(东魏、北齐)、隋、唐为主。北魏约占百分之三十左右，隋唐占百分之六十左右。龙门石窟最大造像为奉先寺的卢舍那大佛。龙门石窟群，大部分集中在伊水西岸的崖壁上，其中有7个大型洞窟。因龙门东山的岩层比西山的薄，不便雕凿大型造像。在龙门石窟中，北魏时期的洞窟具有代表性的是古阳洞、宾阳中洞、莲花洞等。隋代作品的代表是宾阳南洞。唐代具有代表性的洞窟有：潜溪寺、宾阳北洞、万佛洞、奉先寺等。

龙门石窟造像，既是历代劳动人民和艺术家无穷智慧和血汗的结晶，又是外来文化和我国文化结合而成的一朵奇葩。这些雕刻匠师，承担着为神佛和帝王造像的使命，却又大胆地突破了宗教和礼教的“仪轨”束缚。在雕刻过程中融进了大量的现实生活，活生生表现了各种人物造像的动人情景。如喜悦、慈祥、威严、矜持、苦痛，以至作为至高无量主宰的佛之庄严肃穆，胁侍人和供养人的虔诚宁静，无一不是艺术家们对现实的“人”的深刻观察，运用现实主义和浪漫主义相结合的表现手法，加以高度概括集中的结果。真可谓是在雕刻艺术上将佛祖和人表现的惟妙惟肖，栩栩如生。而构思布局的完整，气势的贯注，整体的坚实有力，性格变化的多样，面部表情的生动逼真，衣纹线条的流畅优美等等，更是在千百年艺术实践传统的基础上，大量借鉴外来文化，在技法、风格上精心创造、大量创新、突破传统、刻意经营的结果。富有才华的古代工匠和雕刻设计艺术家，面对光秃的悬崖峭壁，运用着简单的锤凿，雕出如此巍峨壮观又精工细致的群体佛像，这在当时生产力和生产工具十分落后的条件下，确实令人叹为鬼斧神工。

龙门石窟象一个丰富多彩、包罗万象的大博物馆，为我国的历史、宗教、文化、艺术、医药等研究，提供了极为珍贵的资料。

好了，各位朋友，我们已来到了龙门石窟，现在请大家下车，跟我走，去参观石窟。在参观石窟的过程中，我给各位朋友重点讲解一下龙门石窟种的几个主要洞窟

(在潜溪寺)

这是潜溪寺，它是我们进入龙门西山北端第一个大石窟。潜溪寺洞高、宽9米多，进深近7米，建于唐代初期，距今约1300多年的历史，因在凿洞时地下有源源不断流出的溪流而得名。据说唐代有位叫李潘的宰相曾在此建过别墅。清代时洞外修建有木构窟檐等建筑物，所以又称“斋拔(fú)堂”。窟内洞顶漕进为一朵潜刻大莲花，洞内所供主像为阿弥陀佛，佛身高7.38米，面额丰满，胸部隆起、衣纹斜垂座前，身体各部比例匀称。神情睿智，整个姿态给人以静穆慈祥之感。两侧为二弟子、二菩萨、二天王。特别是南壁的大势至菩萨，造型丰满敦厚，仪态文静，与主佛造像为龙门石窟唐代石雕中最优美的两尊。洞内前侧两壁各雕一护法天王，高颧大目、体魄雄壮、孔武有力、身披销甲，是唐代高级武将的形象。踩在脚下的夜叉，也塑造的十分生动传神

(在宾阳洞)

我们通过潜溪寺后，在路旁右侧有一敞口石龛，正壁上嵌有一块宋代陈挎写的“开张天岸马，奇逸人中龙”草书石匾。这是北宋道士陈传所书。那末，陈传又是神末人呢。他是一个仕途落魄，以隐居修行而深得帝王赏识的传奇式人物，先后在武当山、华山等地修炼。我们看过石匾，南行数十步，进入一座幽静的院落，院中有并排坐西向东三座石窟，即宾阳三洞(中洞、北洞、南洞的俗称)。以中洞为代表，中洞在北魏时称灵岩寺，明清以后才改称宾阳洞，传说是根据道教八仙之一吕洞宾之字(洞宾)和号(纯阳)的末两字相加而命名的。此洞从北魏宣武帝景明元年，就是公元520xx年开始雕凿到正光四年，即公元520xx年6月完工，历时达20xx年之久，用工802366个。宾阳三洞我们还可以理解为“寻为宾阳盖寅宾日出之义”，即朝阳或向阳之意。虽宾阳洞耗费工时金钱如此之多，但三洞的全部工程并未结束。延昌四年，就是公元520xx年宣武帝崩。年仅7岁的孝明帝(元诩)即位，其政权实握在他母亲胡太后手中，由于宫廷发生内乱，故宾阳的雕刻工作实际停止。所以北魏皇室经营的大型洞窟—宾阳三洞，实际上只完成了一个宾阳中洞。而南北两洞则由以后的隋唐两朝完成的。宾阳三洞是由三个朝代雕刻成的，所以所雕的佛像在造型和表情上各有不同。那末如何辨别呢?请大家跟我来，我先从宾阳中洞给各位讲。

宾阳中洞是一座三世佛窟。北魏由于受“法华经”影响较大，除了信仰释迦、多宝外，还信仰的对象便是三世佛了。在龙门石窟仅此一例。宾阳中洞高9.8米，进深和宽均为11.10米。正面是以释迦牟尼佛像为主的五尊雕像。释迦结中国跌坐(为佛教中修禅者的坐法即：两脚交结，脚背挨着左右股上)，身着褒衣博带式袈裟，通高8.4米，面部清秀、神情饱满、高鼻大目、微露笑意。左手向下屈三指，右手向前仰伸，这种手势表示说法印，本尊坐前有两只昂首挺胸、姿态雄健的石狮。胸毛左右分向后披，这是北魏雕刻狮子的特征。释迦左右侍立着二弟子、二菩萨(左文殊、右普贤)。二菩萨含睬若笑、温雅敦厚，给人以亲切感。南北两壁还各有造像一铸，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。在宾阳洞诸像的后座上，雕饰着众菩萨、弟子闻法浮雕像。窟顶做琼隆形，中央雕刻着重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围有八个伎乐和两个供养天人。我们称供养天人为飞天。飞天在佛教艺术中被称为“香音神”，是能歌善舞、满身香气的美丽仙人。这就是《法华经》中所述的“诸天伎乐，百千万神，于虚空中一时俱作，雨众天华”的场景。中洞内前壁的南北王侧，自上而有四层精美的浮雕。以前游人可以进去看。现在为保护这些珍贵的文物不再受到侵坏，所以在洞前加铁栏杆。希望各位朋友能够理解。宾阳中洞外南侧，依崖镌刻一碑，即著名“褚遂良碑”，即《伊阙佛龛之碑》，记载唐太宗第四子魏王泰，为其死去的母亲文德皇后长孙氏做功德开窟造像的一篇法愿文(贞观20xx年即公元641年)。此碑文已严重腐蚀，难辨其文。

宾样中洞原为北魏雕凿，由于宫廷发生内乱而止。故半途而废。该洞是北魏至淌初的过渡洞。该洞高9米、宽8米多、进深9米。主像是唐代流行的阿弥陀佛，高8米多，脸型稍长、嘴唇厚大、颈有横纹、胸部隆起。木尊两侧侍立二弟子，其中左侧的迪叶雕像，刻工十分逼真。他满脸皱纹、目不斜视、严谨持重、深谙世故。左右弟子外侧侍立的菩萨，披巾、璎珞厚重，造型古朴、典雅，具有北魏的风格。在洞内的四壁上，布满大小150余个佛龛，其中有隋大业和唐贞观年的佛龛多个。宾阳南洞体现的艺术风格，上承北魏时期的刚健雄伟，下启盛唐时期的生动活泼。

宾阳北洞，此洞完工于唐代初年。洞中所供主像为阿弥陀佛，高近10米，结跏跌坐，双手平分指天、地。称作“施无畏印”即天地之间唯我独尊。就是佛祖释迦牟尼出生后站在莲花上，一手指天、一手指地所说的“天上天下，唯我独尊”。左右两侧南北浮雕二天王。其造型威武，刚强有力 。

(前往万佛洞)

我们离开宾阳三洞拾级而上，即可看到万佛洞。万佛洞的形状是方形平顶，顶上雕一莲花藻井，莲花藻井周围刊刻楷书大字：“大唐永隆元年(公元680年)十一月三十日成，大监姚神表，内道场云禅师，一万五千尊佛龛。”洞口过道北侧上有“沙门智运，奉天皇太后太子诸王敬造一万五千尊像一龛”的题记。两个题记互为补充，说明什末人，为什末发愿造像的原因。永隆为高宗李治的年号。太监为宫中的女官。沙门智运和内道场运单师，指比丘尼智运的号。因该洞为智运奉旨修造，所以又叫“智运洞”。天皇指唐高宗，天后指武则天，因洞勺刻有15000尊佛像，又叫“万佛洞”

该洞主尊名阿弥陀佛，有圆光和身光，结跏跌坐在印覆莲束腰须弥座上，一手贴身斜举胸前，一手抚膝。这种手势说明阿弥陀佛在向弟子信徒说法，故称“说法印”。束腰莲花座中间雕刻四个赤膊季节袒胸、筋肌突起、体朵勇猛的力士承托室座。佛背光以上崖壁上雕刻有54朵莲花，每枝上坐一菩萨，姿态生动、富于变化、造型别致、独具匠心。此外，在南北壁上雕有伎乐人，分;乐伎和舞伎。乐伎手执乐器有瑟、竺、拔、茎溪、笛子、西腰鼓等，这是唐代宫廷的“坐部”乐队。舞蹈者或吹、或弹、或拨弄琴弦，彷佛会奏出优美的旋律。将唐朝宫廷中的舞乐场面表现得活灵活现，真可谓工匠们的神工之处。

原洞外除浮雕的二力士之外，还有两尊石狮，即龙门唐代浮雕的精品，在30年代被盗。现存于美国波士顿艺术博物馆和堪萨斯城纳威尔逊艺术博物馆内。

(在莲花洞)

这里为什末叫“莲花洞”呢?听我给大家解释：莲花洞是继宾阳中洞之后开凿的又一大型北魏石窟。因洞顶雕有大型飞天环绕的大莲花藻井图案而得名。莲花是佛教象征的名物，意为出淤泥而不染。因此，佛教石窟顶藻井多以莲花为饰，但像这样大型的莲花，雕刻的如此精美，在龙门石窟中这不多见。此洞开凿于北魏孝昌年间即公元526—520xx年前后，属于北魏后期作品。此洞高6.10米，深6.15米，主尊释迦高6米(为立佛)。两侧为胁侍菩萨，佛与菩萨之间，为侍立的伽叶、阿难二弟子。其左的伽叶，身披厚重的袈裟，显示着艰辛跋涉、风尘仆仆的苦行僧形象。他右手执锡杖，这是龙门石窟造像中所独有的。莲花洞南北两壁上方各有似为“法华经”所指十方分身佛的小千佛浮雕，每个高度仅有2厘米左右。他们就是龙门石窟中雕刻最小的佛像。在坚硬的石壁上雕刻如此小的佛，而又刻得如此精工细作，确实为龙门一绝。洞口北侧上方有一块平面下凹的碑记，上刻两个大字“伊阙”，原为唐刻陀罗尼经，后复刻明代河南巡抚的“伊阙”二字，说明龙门的原称

(往奉先寺)

在登几十步台阶就到奉先寺了，龙门石窟最大的佛像就在这个寺内，奉先即奉供祖先之意。奉先寺是龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精、气势最磅礴、最具有代表性的重要洞窟。

奉先寺东西深约40米，南北宽约36米，卢舍那佛(披身佛)左侧的《大卢舍那像龛记》记载：大唐高宗天皇大帝之所建也，佛身通光，高85尺，二菩萨高70尺，伽叶、阿难、金刚神王各高50尺。奉先寺的建造时间，据有关资料和专家推测，约始建于武则天被立为皇后的永微六年，就是公元655年之后。完工于上元二年，即公元675年乙亥十二月三十日，费时约20xx年左右。

请看奉先寺的布局：一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士，另外还有两个供养人。主佛梵名“卢舍那”，按佛教说法，佛有三身：法身是佛的本来之身;报身即佛经过长期修行而获得的“佛果”之身;应身即佛为“超度众生”而显现之身。卢舍那即所谓报身佛，译名“净惭”。主尊像为结跏跌坐中央的卢舍召晰，全像通高17.14米，其中头部高4米，两耳为1.9米高，为龙门石窟最大的佛雕。其面容丰腴典雅、眉若新月、双目含情、笑意微露、慈祥外溢。她那智慧的双眼，稍向下俯视，目光恰好和礼佛朝拜者的仰视目光交汇，可引起人们感情上的震颤。由此可见设计者的匠心和艺术魅力所在。两侧侍立的二弟子，老者伽叶形象严谨持重，少者阿难形象丰满圆润、眉清目秀。各恃立菩萨头戴宝冠、身挂璎珞、肩搭帔(pei)帛、下衣长裙有出水之势。这一铺雕像刻画出一种端庄而美丽又动人的风貌。奉先寺的整个布局，使人感觉象是皇帝在宣召文武百官的场面。

一般说来，在佛学的教义里，佛、菩萨均为男性，而在龙门奉先寺的主佛却女性化，这是唐武则天出于政治的需要，而别出心裁，破天荒将卢舍那大佛塑造成中年妇女特有的形象。传说武则天集上述美德与卢舍纳大佛的形象几乎完全吻合。可见卢舍那的形象在一定程度上就是武则天形象的真实写照。

从艺术上看，奉先寺造像布局谐调均称。大佛像五官刻画合乎比例，这一巧夺天工的辉煌成就，具有永不磨灭的艺术魅力。是唐代宗教艺术的概括，是我国雕刻史上伟大范例之一。

(在古阳洞)

古阳洞开凿于北魏太和十六年，就是公元493年迁都洛阳之际。洞内雕刻90%以上是北魏时期的作品，是龙门石窟群中开凿最早、内容最丰富的一座洞窟。全洞平面呈马蹄形，顶似穹隆。由于此洞时北魏皇室贵族发愿造像最集中得一窟。由此也看出北魏皇室崇佛的气氛。洞内两壁井然有序的雕凿成三列佛龛。这些小龛都十分精细华丽，龛额装饰细致灵巧，图案花纹丰富多彩，在龙门石窟中堪称集北魏雕刻、绘画、书法、建筑、图案造型艺术之大成。

古阳洞的造像，以其风格、特征而论，代表了迁都洛阳后北魏后期的一些变化。由北魏前期粗旷、雄健、挺实变为清秀、美丽、开始摆脱前期的作风。面部表情刻画也由严峻变得比较温和，给人以亲切之感。

这里值得一提的是：古阳洞四壁及窟顶镌满佛龛造像，这些龛像多有造像题记，记录了当时的造像者的姓名、年月及早像缘由。这些都是研究北魏书法艺术及雕刻艺术的最珍贵资料。在金石碑刻艺术中负有盛名的《龙门二十品》中，有十九品在古阳洞内。《龙门二十品》代表了魏碑体，字形端正大方、气势刚健有力，结体用笔在隶、楷之间，是隶书向楷书过渡中一种比较成熟的独特字体。《龙门二十品》可以说是龙门石窟碑刻书法艺术的精华，所以千百年来为书法家所称道。

由于时间关系，龙门石窟(西山)主要洞窟的讲解就到此结束。现在给各位留一点时间照相。待一会儿我们将车开过龙门桥，跨过伊河，到河对岸观赏龙门西山兰貌。谢谢各位!

Dear visitors:

Everybody is good! I am your tour guide, guide. Today by I lead you to visit xi an lintong unearthed qin Terra Cotta Warriors.

Qin Terra Cotta Warriors, is on the sculpture of ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign is unique, it perfectly simulate the ranks, the vivid emersion qin soldier millions, thousand chariots magnificent momentum.

Has now been unearthed three pits, each pit has the Terra Cotta Warriors, a total of more than eight thousand. Up to the no. 1 pit, the Terra Cotta Warriors nearly more than six thousand.

Now on the no. 1 pit has built up a huge vaulted hall. Please look forward, this is what I call the vaulted hall. Everyone please follow me to the hall. Please look down, these terracotta warriors line by line, the process is very neat, formed a huge rectangular ranks.

We now see the Terra Cotta Warriors seem to be "the same", but, if look carefully, you will find they look different. Let me introduce several kinds of the Terra Cotta Warriors:

This is general, his burly, wearing armor, sword in hand, chin, a see be battle-hardened; This is the terracotta warriors, their height is 1.8 meters, well-built, armed with weapons, ready to go; Cavalry is cavalry figures aside, the warriors wear short armour on commission, was wearing tight pants, right hand holding the REINS, left hand with bows and arrows, as if ready to mount a horse to kill.

Below, your own play, I offer some requirements: 1. You dont scribble on the Terra Cotta Warriors. 2. Debris-brick dont litter. 3. The kids dont ride on the TaoMa.

Wish everyone have a happy travel!

木札岭原始生态旅游区位于洛阳市嵩县东南部， 是河南省首家原始生态旅游区，距洛阳120公里，311国道、临木公路直达景区。景区东西毗邻石人山、白云山两大景区， 由九龙河谷、原始森林。、官帽峰、石林、石人老君峰五大景区组成。

木札岭旅游区地处伏牛山腹地、北温带和亚热带过渡区，位于秦岭、淮河一线重要地理分界线上。特殊的地理区位，孕育了独特原始和丰富多彩的生物资源。旅游区总面积40平方公里，其中从未有人类活动痕迹的原始森林就有20平方公里，博大精深的原始森林是植物的王国和动物的乐园。据查，景区内有包括国家级保护植物领春木、水曲柳、中华龙鳞榆、暖树、石难藤在内的植物20xx多种，包括金钱豹、香獐、羚羊等在内的高等动物260多种。

“春夏秋冬一年四季景色各异，东南西北四面八方生机盎然”是木札岭原始森林的真实写照：、沿着游览步道，伴着袭人绿凉， 眼观千姿百态古藤树，耳听千变万化虫鸟鸣，人们才真切体会到大自然的神秘与伟大。

旅游区海拔自950米至2153米， 区内山峰险峻，怪石林立。官帽峰300米突兀而起，巍峨挺拔，形似官帽，酷似人面，承载着中国第一相一伊尹的美丽神话;.峰周围奇峰怪石密布， 景象各异，高达15p米的石马昂首奋蹄， 弓背跷尾，栩栩如生; 长约6米的石鸡， 飞落山巅，风吹而动， 弹指而摇， 三将军峰挺拔耸立，俨然守护天神，威仪凛凛。九龙河谷1000米的落差，造就了众多瀑布潭池，珠连女口贝，青龙潭、黄龙瀑、龙井、龙潭，或跌宕，或细流，形态各异，景象万千。落差达113米的中原第一瀑-- 龙瀑布，跳越山崖，披挂而下，深涧雾罩， 空谷传声。溯谷而上，亲水而游，清澈甘泉，不沐而爽。原始林海、古木参天、奇峰凸现、景象环生，完整的原始生态系统中原罕见，造型奇特的石景北国少有，是原始古老神秘莫测的处女地， 更是人们生态旅游， 回归自然的天堂。

旅游景区内6米宽水泥公路直达海拔1950米的安寨停车场， 1.5米宽的人行步道、台阶通往各个景点。50多家大小宾馆，设施高档，服务至诚，可同时接待1500人食宿.低价消费，超值享受，是工薪阶层和举家旅游的最佳选择。

原始林海恭候各界宾朋回归大自然、享受大自然!

Dear friends hello! Welcome to join our business travel agency zhouzhuang day trip. I am your the zhouzhuang tour guide, my name is, a haze haze. Guide also can call me when you can call me LAN LAN.

We arranged like this is todays schedule, we give priority to with scenic spots in the morning, so after a moment into the scenic spot, first please follow small beatiful visit scenic spots to visit? I can do for you in the process of related sites, because today is Saturday (days), tourists is more, easy to produce crowded, easy to get lost, so small beatiful here again with tight, please make sure you have eaten lunch we will free activities. We are fixed-point dont order a meal for lunch. Below please out his phone and write down my phone number... If got lost, dont be afraid to just call me Ill find you the first time the oh, if I couldnt get through just a few more times. If anyone is not clear? (no) echo before into the scenic spot, we are going to take a free photo first, whats the use of this? It is mainly used for separated from zhouzhuang in residential areas. To facilitate check-in. In front of me also said that today people is more, the team is very much also, queue, so please dont crowded. Patience to wait. If there is anything that xiao zhu where our thoughtlessness, please forgive me.

Good! Here, I give you to introduce our waterfront town, zhouzhuang. We visit today zhouzhuang is located in kunshan city, suzhou, wujiang, Shanghai qingpu at the boundary of three counties, the east is the famous dianshan lake, not far from here by bus to Shanghai grand view garden only need ten minutes. So someone said: "zhouzhuang is a pearl of dianshan lake."

Zhouzhuang, which is a jiangnan ancient town with a history of more than nine hundred years, it has a long tradition, simple morals, ancient architecture, the famous ancient architecture expert who said; "Zhouzhuang is not only a treasure in jiangsu province, and it is a treasure of the country." Chinese Taiwan jinwei magazine called zhouzhuang is "Chinas first water town". After a lot of guests visited zhouzhuang, said: "above there is heaven and below there are suzhou and hangzhou, there is also a zhouzhuang in the middle." To zhouzhuang holds so many buildings in the Ming and qing dynasties and admiration, for "small bridge, flowing water, somebody else" exquisite pattern and dazzled.

Zhouzhuang why called zhouzhuang, we just as its name implies is zhou family estate. Actually, zhouzhuang in the earliest time that once called zhenfengli, nine hundred years ago in the area of ones family name is zhou di lang to donate the two hundred mu built QuanFu temple, the local people in order to commemorate him, once called zhenfengli renamed in zhouzhuang.

Today we mainly visit scenic spots have a hall, shen hall, build, and so on. This rich shen was the hall of shen three thousand estate. When Shen Wanshan use zhouzhuang channel to do foreign trade, foreign to zhouzhuang of rapid economic development, also make the rich themselves. Shen hall for the folk houses. Shen hall is "seven into five gate house", its seven can be divided into three parts, the first is the first part, is the place that greeted her guests; The second, three, four into shen is the second part of the hall, is where the guests; Fifth, six and seven is the third part, is the place where shenyang living. In short, it can use four word can be summed up in three parts: "front desk".

Zhang hall is zhouzhuang one of only a few buildings of Ming dynasty, for jiangsu province key cultural relics protection units. A hall for the Ming dynasty ZhongShanWang managed brother Xu Mengqing offspring. Xu Gujians supposedly named xu hall, why call zhang hall? When it was in the early years of the qing dynasty, the xu decline, will sell the house to the zhang family, was renamed the hall.

Zhouzhuang is belonged to one of the most famous build up. This is why, that is from a pair of words, it was the spring of 1984, Shanghai famous contemporary painter Chen come to zhouzhuang, in a small boat to see the build, feel it brought back memories of childhood. Then, in order to build as the background, create a title for the memory of hometown of painting. Later, the painting along with 37 pieces of his works in the western oil companies in the United States President armando. Hammers name hammer on display in the gallery. This painting caused a great sensation at the time, then, was armand. Hammer with high purchase hide. In the same year in November, Mr Hammer when they visit China, send the painting to the deng xiaoping. In 1985, the painting again after Chen processing become at that time, the UNs first day cover design, favored by stamp collectors and people from all walks of life. By the news media publicity, zhouzhuang town. Chens painting to make the unknown build towards the world. Key bridge is not the key is better than the key, because it opens the door to zhouzhuang and international association of friendship.

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.

Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.

On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

Notes:1. the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵2. the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园3. Sanskrit 梵语4. Uigur 维吾尔语

There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.

Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to theManchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)

Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.

Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.

As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

The city of Leshan is less than one hours ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt. Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world .You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.

The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddhas ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a piic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.

This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddhas presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen .Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving. Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,d rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,The official shouted in anger,gouge your eye out now!Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.

The monks behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly. Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his lifes work .However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders. The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river. Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.

As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion . It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty. Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.

The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages. It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead .The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.

It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.

嗨!大家好，我是阳光旅行社的金牌导游庞梓月，今天就由我来给大家介绍一下承德的避暑山庄。请大家跟随我开始进入山庄，大家一定要跟紧我的步伐，不然听不到我的讲解会很遗憾的。

承德避暑山庄是世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，中国四大名园之一。是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄始建于1720xx年，历经清康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝，耗时89年建成。避暑山庄主要分为宫殿区和苑景区两部分。下面我们重点来介绍一下宫殿区。

宫殿区位于湖泊南岸，占地10万平方米，地形平坦，是皇帝处理朝政、举行庆典和生活起居的地方，这里景色丰富，群山环绕，草翠花开，与其它园林相比，有其独特的风格。宫殿的建筑显得非常的气派。

宫殿区游览完毕，在我们的右侧的景区是苑景区，这个景区可分成湖区、平原区和山区三部分。主要是一片片草地和树林，山庄里面还有好几座大庙，大小湖泊八处，还有八个小岛屿，这个苑景区也是我个人最喜欢的景区。有山有水景色非常美。适合老人和孩子在景区中慢慢游玩。

听了我的讲解，你们肯定觉得我们国家劳动人民的在那个年代是多么聪明和勤劳，你们肯定也有自己最喜欢的景区，接下来你们可以自由活动，在自己喜欢的景区里面多游玩一会。我的讲解到这里就结束了，希望通过我的讲解，你们对承德避暑山有新的了解和见识。谢谢大家!

Hunan province is located in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, the majority of areas in the south of dongting lake, the name of hunan. Within the territory of the xiangjiang river runs through north and south, and hunan for short. Allegedly, the xiangjiang river basin in the past more than planting lotus, the tang dynasty poet Tan Yongzhi have "autumn wind wan li furong country" of words, so it is called the "lotus" of hunan. Sichuan hunan jiangxi province in the east, west, south which the guangdong, hubei province in the north.

The dongting lake plain is located in the north of hubei province. East range Mimi, yueyang, west to LinLi, changde, taoyuan, yiyang, Joe, XiangYin mouth, south to the north to the south of jingjiang reach of hubei province. Covers an area of 12690 square kilometers (hunan province). At an altitude of 30-50 meters. Long-term deposition of dongting lake, lake of exposed the fluvial alluvial plain. The dongting lake plain and south-central es on the plain of jianghan plain, hubei province, is one of the three great plains is an important part of the Yangtze river plain.

River in hunan province, do so more than 5 km river in 5341, the total length of 90000 km, the basin area in more than 5000 square kilometers of the river article 17. Except a few of the pearl river water system and the gan river in the province, mainly in hunan, endowment, yuan and li four water and its tributaries, along the terrain into dongting lake from the south to the north, the city ling angeles into the Yangtze river and dongting lake water system formed a relatively complete. The largest rivers in the xiangjiang river in hunan province, is also one of the seven major Yangtze river tributaries. Dongting lakes largest lakes in the province. The lake across hunan and hubei provinces. In 1644-1825 in dongting lake area of 6270 square kilometers. In 1937, covering 1937 square kilometers. 1983 measurements, dongting lake water is only 2691 square kilometers, less than half in 1825. Due to the increasing lake sediment loads, 28 years, from 1949 to 1977 in dongting lake shrink 85500 mu per year on average.

Hunan is a minority more provinces, are back, tujia, miao, zhuang, manchu, dong, yao, Mongolian, uygur, yi, Tibetan, Korean, etc. 26 ethnic minorities.

Changsha in hunan province is located in the eastern north of hunan province, the xiangjiang river downstream, jing railway line, the east and jiangxi tonggu, over load, yichun, pingxiang border, south to xiangtan and zhuzhou city, west and loudi and yiyang region adjacent, north borders on yueyang area. Changsha is the provinces political, economic, cultural and transportation center, one is one of the famous historical and cultural city by the state council. About seven thousand years ago, changsha has the original ancestors reproduced here. The name of changsha began in the western zhou dynasty. Dynasty period to the southern town of chu, qingyang, the qin dynasty unified the rear changsha county, the early western han dynasty set up changsha kingdom, han, jin and southern dynasties, changsha as the slag in the county, sui xingsha, tang for tam states, the five dynasties and ten states for capital, and chu yuan to tam state road, and another day in the road, the Ming and qing dynasties for changsha office, set up in 1933 in changsha city. Since the qing dynasty, changsha calendar for hunan. On August 4, 1949, changsha peaceful liberation.

After the founding of new China, this economic development soon, has now formed by mechanical, textile, light industry, chemical industry, building materials, food and other industrial comprehensive industrial system, the main products are cotton, cigarettes, industrial pump, blower, coal, steel, cement, etc., traditional industrial products, changsha, hunan embroidery, liuyang grass cloth, firecrackers, chrysanthemum stone, copper officer, pottery, etc. Agricultural and sideline products is given priority to with rice, pig, fish, tea, citrus, tea oil, rapeseed and other also.

Hunan province rich in mineral resources, is the national important mineral base, known as "the hometown of nonferrous metals," said, nearly is known as "the hometown of non-metallic" again.

A lot of places of interest in hunan, yueyang tower, dongting lake, yuelu academy, writing, as pavilion, orange chau, shaoshan MAO zedongs former residence, xinmin society, water pool revolutionary memorial hall, self-study university site, site of liuyang Wen Gu city meet site, comrade liu shaoqis former residence, residence of comrade Yang Kaihui, lei feng memorial hall, etc., and hengshan, zhangjiajie national forest park, etc.

Hello, teachers!

First of all, on behalf of all the staff of Sitong travel agency, I wouldlike to extend a warm welcome to you and thank you for your support and trust inour travel agency. My name is carving time. Im a tour guide of Sitong travelagency. Please call me Xiao Liu. Sitting in the front driving position is ourteam driver master Zhang. Master Zhang has rich driving experience. I believeyou will feel comfortable and safe on the way. Today, I feel very honored to beour tour guide and know so many teachers and friends. If you have anydifficulties and requirements during your journey, please put forward them intime and I will try my best to serve you. I also hope that you can activelysupport and cooperate with my work. Here, I wish you a pleasant journey, happyto come and satisfied to return.

The scenic spot we are going to visit today is the ancient culture street.The ancient culture street is a street with Tianjin local characteristicscentered on the Tianhou palace. It is located in gongnangong North Street,Nankai District. In 1985, it was reorganized by the municipal government torestore its traditional style and named "Ancient Culture Street". The ancientculture street is different from the general commercial street. It gathers allkinds of handicrafts and cultural goods from all over Tianjin and even the wholecountry. Among them, the willow youth paintings, clay figurine Zhang Caisu andkite Weis kites are most famous at home and abroad. The whole street is full ofstrong Chinese flavor, Tianjin flavor, ancient flavor and cultural flavor. Sowhat about the ancient culture street? Lets make an evaluation after visitingit in person.

Well, we have come to the parking lot of the scenic spot. Please rememberthat our car is a white golden dragon, and the license plate is Jin a2345. At 4pm, the car will be waiting for you in Gongbei street. I hope you wont be late.Please lock the window. Please take your valuables with you. OK, please getoff.

The first thing that catches our eyes is a tall and majestic pailou withgold colored painting and green top Zhuying. The color painting on it is calledxuanzi color painting, with the words "hometown of Jinmen" written on it. Itdefinitely points out that the area near the ancient culture street was asettlement 800 years ago, where the Jin people who ruled the North establishedZhigu village, the most important prison of Tianjin city. Todays Tianjin isformed by the gradual development of this area as the original central area. Ithas always been a prosperous commercial area in Tianjin for six or seven hundredyears, which has played an immeasurable role in the development of Tianjin. Itis well deserved to be called the hometown of Tianjin.

Well, please follow me into this street. Youve noticed that many shops inthis street do not have colorful paintings under the eaves and in the rooms.These are Kaiguang Qing style Su paintings, most of which are character stories.Lets take a look at the color paintings of you Fangjian in Jizhen. On them areeight paintings in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, including "three marriagesin Taoyuan", "three heroes fighting Lu Bu in Hulao pass", "Lu Bu playing DiaoChan in Fengyi Pavilion" and "refusing Cao in Dangyang". From the perspective ofWestern Shu, they mainly depict the heroic stories of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and ZhangFei. We are looking at the Fangjian of Liyuan Pavilion opposite. The painting onit is the classic opera Xixiang Ji, which describes the love story between CuiYingYing and Zhang Junrui.

Well, now lets turn around and have a look. There are two tall flagpolesin front of the gate of tianhuangong mountain. They stick straight into Yunxiao,which is particularly eye-catching. This flagpole is 26 meters high. Theflagpole is made of several pieces of copper and iron rough wood. The outerlayer is wrapped with hemp plaster, and then coated with paint. It is solidthrough winter and summer. It is said that when the flagpole was first erected,on the one hand, it hung lights to guide the boats going to and fromsanchahekou, on the other hand, it served as a foil for Tianhou palace, makingthe whole building complex appear to be in an extraordinary state. Later, it wasspecially used to hang the long flag of Empress Dowagers title during thepilgrimage on the 1st and 15th day of each lunar month and during the templefair.

Please go on. Now we are looking at the main building of Tianhou palace.Tianjin local folk known as "empress", so the empress palace is also known asempress palace. It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, and was rebuilt andreinforced many times in later dynasties. As we all know, most temples in Chinaface south from north, but the temple of heaven after heaven faces west fromEast. Why? Because the Sancha River in Jinmen is a necessary place for watertransport, which is not only the starting point of river transport, but also theterminal point of sea transport, and becomes a transit station for river seatransport. In order to satisfy the spiritual sustenance of the boat people,merchants and government officials in the water transportation and pray for theprotection of the God of the sea, the temple of heaven was built on the WestBank of the Haihe River. The temple gate faces east, faces the Haihe River, andships from south to North anchor and burn incense in the temple. Some shipscant reach the shore because they dont have time or for some reason. Boatpeople and merchants can also worship the queen on board and pray for peace. Inthis way, it not only met the requirements of the folk worship of the believerswho could not land, but also complied with the busy shipping demand at thattime, and met the requirements of the folk worship of the believers who couldnot land.

What we see now is the mountain gate, which is a mixed structure of brickand wood. There are three gates with a green tile roof on Jiuji Xieshan. Themiddle is a circular arch, which means "the sky is round" in ancient times, andthe two sides are rectangular gates. On the forehead of the gate is engravedwith the four characters of "Chijian Tianhou Palace", and in the middle arch isa plaque of "protect Sanjin". There was no such gate when the temple was firstbuilt. It was built in the 14th year of Qianlong.

You follow me in and face a wooden archway with two columns and one floor.On the left and right sides are the drum tower and the bell tower. Walkingthrough the archway, we can see the front hall in front of us. In the middle ofthe hall, there are worshippers of the Dharma God King, and on both sides are"Qianliyan", "shunfenger" and "Jiaxie" and "Jiashan".

Hello, everyone. Welcome to the Yellow Crane Tower, the most characteristictower in Wuhan. Im the tour guide this time. Have a good time.

The Yellow Crane Tower was built in 223 A.D. in the second year of WuHuangwu. It has a history of more than 1700 years. It has been built anddestroyed many times. The present yellow crane tower is based on the YellowCrane Tower of Qing Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1981 and completed in 1985. It isexactly 100 years since the last Yellow Crane Tower was destroyed in the QingDynasty.

Now you can see that the tall and majestic building in front of you is theYellow Crane Tower. It can be called the worlds peerless scenery, and it isfamous both in ancient and modern times and at home and abroad. It is as famousas Tengwang Pavilion in Jiangxi Province and Yueyang Pavilion in Hunan Province,and is also known as "three pavilions in the south of the Yangtze River". Therewas an interesting story about the magnificence of the Yellow Crane Tower. Itwas said that the guests from Hubei and Sichuan met on the river and praisedtheir hometown. The guests from Sichuan said, "there is an Emei Mountain inSichuan, only three feet away from the sky." Hubei guests smile: "Hubei yellowcrane tower, half inserted in the cloud." The guests in Sichuan were speechless.Of course, this story is a bit exaggerated, but the Yellow Crane Tower is reallya magnificent landscape, a moving legend and a look inside the crane tower.

After all that, lets go inside and have a look. Entering the hall, themost attractive one is the picture of white clouds and yellow cranes. It isbased on the ancient myth of riding a crane to become an immortal. It also takesthe meaning of the Tang poem "once upon a time, people had gone by the YellowCrane". Please look at the immortal in the picture. He plays a jade flute andlooks down on the world. It seems that he is reluctant to give up. The crowdbelow the Yellow Crane Tower chants wine and poems, or sings and dances, whichmeans that they wish the immortal an early return. In the picture, there aremany plum blossoms under the Yellow Crane Tower. The plum blossom is the flowerof Wuhan city. The author takes this opportunity to study the geographicallocation of the Yellow Crane Tower.

Thats all for todays browsing. You are welcome to come again nexttime.

大家好，我是来自福州的“林导”，请多指教。欢迎大家乘坐“快乐时光列车”，首先，我们从北京出发吧!

好!现在我们到了“历史文化”站。告诉你们哦：恭王府最早建于乾隆四十一年，也就是公元1776年，已有230多年的历史了，是为大贪官-和申所建的宅院，后来被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，于是宅院就被没收了。因为最后一位主人是恭亲王奕忻，所以叫恭亲王府，请大家记住，这王府的两位主人是大贪官和申与恭亲王奕忻。

各位游客们，现在我们到了“福池”站。大家知道为什么这儿叫“福池”吗?没错!因为这个池塘形状似蝙蝠，和申想让自己幸福，于是取了谐音“蝠”，他还在王府内建了九千九百九十九只形状像蝙蝠的建筑。

我们走过“福池”，便来到了美如画的“西洋门”站。这扇门做工精细、颜色鲜艳、无与伦比。但是这扇美丽的门也是和申的二十四条罪状之一，因为它是仿照皇家园林-万寿园的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，穿过朱栏长廊，便是和申的书斋，大家就看到一座十分大气的建筑，那就是我们的下一站“历史传说”站。因为要登上这威风的正殿，所以就有一条很特别的路，而这条路只有一节阶梯，接着就是一条笔直、平缓的坡路。据说和申这一生，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了顶峰。所以我们大家也可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，把所有烦恼都扔到阶梯下面，然后带着愉快的心情一路平步青云吧!

不知不觉游玩了整个恭王府，请大家记住：这座饱经历史风霜的建筑物耸立在中国!另外，我们的“列车”也已经到了终点站，希望大家能一路平安、旅途愉快!

东路以建筑为主。东有两山南北奔趋，两山各在东南和东北转折成围合状。建筑分三个小院。，南面靠东院入，抬头是一精致垂花门，入内为狭长院落，院内当年种竹，正厅为大戏楼之后部，西厢为中路明道堂之后卷，东厢为一排厢房，院西为另一个狭长院落。入口月洞门，曰:吟香醉月。北面是东路的主体建筑大戏楼，戏楼自成一个小院，面积达685平方米，院内有前厅、观众厅、舞台、扮戏房等，厅内装饰豪华，是王府的观戏处。

西路以山水为主。西路的起始部分从飞来峰西走，在南端是两山之间的一个雄关。关名曰:榆关，榆关即长城的山海关，是长城的象征，素有天下第一关之美称，当年，清代皇帝就是从此入关，在园中设此关足以表示园主不忘记清祖从山海关入主中原的丰功伟绩。榆关之前是西路的中心大方池，方池东南角出细流折东与福河相连，大方池之中有一个方形小岛，岛上是观鱼台，以此来喻庄子濠上观鱼之乐的典故;池西是西山;池前有五间堂屋。东出抄手廊与中路滴翠岩的曲廊相接。

全园以福字贯穿，表明主题明显。山势围合有新意，榆关雄峙也有新意，但东部建筑较多，中部曲廊的围合也不够有机，特别是理水较差。从堆石、建筑、植物、格局上看仍有北方园林特点。

恭王府位于什刹海北岸的恭王府是世界最大的四合院，也是今日北京城里，60余座清代王府中保存最完整的一个。分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼。延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

恭王府是清道光帝第六子恭忠亲王府第。前身为乾隆时大学士和砷的邸宅。嘉庆四年(1799年)和砷获罪，邸宅入官，嘉庆帝将其一部分赐给其弟庆僖亲王永磷，是为庆王府。以后咸丰市将庆王府收回，转赐其弟奕沂，是为恭王府。咸丰、同治年间曾整修，并在府后添建花园。

Everybody is good! I am your tour of lijiang tour guide. I am glad to enjoy the happy time with you! My name is Lin, my name is you can call me Lin guide line.

Please come with me. Here is the old town of lijiang. Ill give you a brief introduction of lijiang. Lijiang also known as dayan town, is located in the middle of lijiang dam, known as "one of the most preserved ancient city of the big four". It is the only ancient city without walls in Chinas famous historical and cultural city. Lijiang ancient city is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the area of the city 3. 8 square kilometers, the ancient times is known fairs and towns. The ancient city of existing residents 6200 households, 25000 people. Among them, the naxi nationality for the vast majority of the population, 30% of the residents are still engaged in produced with copper, silver, fur, leather, textiles, brewing traditional handicraft industry and business activities.

Lijiang ancient and the street of the city of mountain was built, mostly covered with red breccia, the rainy season will not muddy, also wont fly ash of the dry season, the stone patterns of natural elegance. Look, smooth and clean green flag road, completely hand-built civil housing structure, ubiquitous Bridges.

Is in front of the old city center square street. Here full of beautiful things in eyes of arts and crafts, sentiment. Shouldnt have come to city square street.

Lijiang has a long history, natural style. City layout strewn at random have send, already have mountain view, and abound of lasting appeal. Lijiang residence is harmony the han, bai, yi, Tibetan ethnic essence, and has a unique style of the naxi nationality, is very unique!!!!

Today, I would like to introduce you to here. Wish everyone have a happy journey! Remember when you go out to see something here you cant throw things on the earth, and to throw it is thrown into the dustbin. Are you playing when you need to pay attention to safety, their luggage, what protection better.

各位游客朋友:

大家好!欢迎游览我国四大名园之一的——苏州拙政园。是我国私家园林的代表之作，并且拙政园被称为“天下园林之母”。

好，现在就让我们走进园林。拙政园分为三部分，其中精华部分在中间一部分。为什么取名为拙政园呢?因为拙政园的主人是王献臣，他的意思就是说：我不适合当官，当官的我是个傻傻的人。 经过拙政园的墙门和“通幽”“入胜”腰门，我们就来到了拙政园的东部。东部花园的南部有一座三开间的堂屋，名为“兰雪堂”。“兰雪”两字出自李白“春风洒兰雪”之句，象征着主人潇洒如春风，洁净如兰雪的高尚情操。除了“兰雪堂”，还有"秫香馆"、"天泉阁"、"芙蓉榭"等。

现在我们将走进精华部分。走廊墙壁上有的各式各样的窗花，如果往里看的话，将会看到25幅不同风格的画。现在，我们继续向前走，前面的是“倒影楼”。"倒影楼"前面有一条曲折婉蜒的水廊。池面上波光粼粼。看看楼顶，好像一把扇子，楼顶的瓦面像折扇的扇面，后面"笠亭"的尖顶恰似折扇的扇把，简直连接得天衣无缝。

这次的游览到这就结束了，游客朋友们再见!

Dear visitors:

Everybody is good! Welcome to visit our country one of the most famous four gardens, suzhou the humble administrators garden. Is the representative of private gardens in our country, and the humble administrators garden is known as "the mother of all the gardens.

Ok, now let us into the garden. Humble administrators garden is divided into three parts, of which the essence parts in the middle part. Why is named for the humble administrators garden? Because the owner of the humble administrators garden is Wang Xianchen, meaning: "I dont fit, an officer I am a silly person. After the humble administrators garden doors and "remote" door "interesting" waist, we came to the east of the humble administrators garden. In the south of the garden in the east there is a three studio room, called "LanXueTang". "LanXue" two words written by li bai "the spring wind is aspersed LanXue", a symbol of the master natural and unrestrained like spring breeze, such as clean LanXue noble sentiment. In addition to "LanXueTang", and "Shu incense pavilion", "day spring pavilion", "lotus pavilions", etc.

Now we will enter essence part. Some kinds of grilles, corridor wall to see if, will see 25 different styles of painting. Now, we continue to walk forward, front is reflection "floor". In front of the "inverted floor" is a path winding, spanning the water of the gallery. Ripples on the surface of the pool. Look at the top, as a fan, the roof of the tile surface like a folding fan fan, "dai li pavilion" spire behind like fan fan, simply connect seamlessly.

The visit to this end, tourists friends goodbye!

The whole commentary of Zhaozhou Bridge includes three parts:

Part one: Introduction

The Zhaozhou Bridge is also known as the safe crossing bridge and the GreatStone Bridge. It crosses the Xiao River in Zhao County. It is named after thenearby Zhao County, which is known as Zhao Zhou in history.

Zhaozhou Bridge is designed and built by LiChun from 605 to 616 during theSui Dynasty, has stood the tests of earthquakes, floods and traffic for morethan 1400 years. It is the world’s oldest single-arch stone bridge still in usetoday and with the reputation as one of the Four Treasures of North China.

Part two: Creative construction.

Characteristics:

1) It has only one main arch and this arch has a span of more than 37meters, which is a great creation in the world history.

2) The bridge has two small side arches on either of the main arch, theyserve two important functions: First, they reduce the total weight of the bridgeand save the structural materials. Second, in time of flood, they cooperate withthe main one allowing water to pass through, thus weaken the flood’s impact onthe body of the bridge itself.

3) This design also improve the general look of the bridge, contributes toits beauty, so people compared the bridge to a new moon rising above the clouds”and “a long rainbow hanging on a mountain waterfall”.

Part three: Beautiful stories and famous folk song

There are many legends about the design of this bridge.

According to one legend, the bridge was built by LuBan, who is a excellentarchitect, he managed the sheep turn into stones and built the bridge in osingle night.

In another story, the bridge was put to the test by two immortals whocrossed it at the same time. One is ZhangGuolao, he rode his lovely donkey withthe sun and moon in his bag, and the other is ChaiWangye, who crossed the bridgewith the Five Famous Mountains. LuBan was worried and saved the bridge byplunging into the water and supporting the structure.

A folk song: Xiao Fang Niu

(Ask the tourists if there is anybody would like to sing the song, theguide should teach the visitor to sing the typical and beautiful folk song,which can exert an outstanding effect on and response from the tourists)

Jinding emei and emei top and adjacent top, elevation 3079 meters, mountain high clouds here is low, spectacular, visitors can appreciate sunrise at the edge of the steep throw rocks, sea of clouds, Buddhas light. Wenchuan after the earthquake, the altitude from 3077 meters up about two meters.

The earliest jinding building as the PuGuangDian when the eastern han dynasty, tang, song to light temple, Ming HongWuShi treasure haze monks rebuilt, as the iron tile temple. Siwa, copper tile so when two temple for Ming monk to create. Jinding Andy Jackson created for Ming wanli wonderful peak tongdian, wanli Zhu Xu hook title "yong Ming temple". Jinding name, that is, from the "mirage". According to relevant data records, Andy two zhangs four feet five inches, ten feet wide three feet five inches, ten feet deep three feet five inches, doors and Windows walls all tile column is mixed gold bronze casting, for like samantabhadra bodhisattva, column beside small statue of Buddha, gate road map carved on the walls of the shu mountains and rivers, exquisite workmanship, amazing.

When the morning sun exposure to the top of the hill, Andy into the sun was shining and dazzling, very spectacular, so people call it "jinding". But in qing dynasty daoguang years, due to a fire, burning crumbled the mirage, surviving only 1 bronze tablet, king side is sulfur from transactions and set of wang xizhi word "big asan yong Ming Tibetan temple new tongdian", one side is Fu Guangzhai from and set b word "emei samantabhadra mirage", existing in the China Tibetan temple, otherwise a few fan original Andy Windows Tibetan temple also exist in China. From the few relics, we can infer that Andy how brilliant spectacular.

Bronze was destroyed, guangxu years heart qi monk at the site in the brick. On April 8, 1972 and unfortunately caught fire, the whole China Tibetan temple once again reduced to ashes. In 1986, the state allocated 2.6 million yuan, the reconstruction of China Tibetan temple, on September 11, 1990. Nowadays China Tibetan temple than previously China Tibetan temple scale, building high quality, flying pavilion flow Dan, macro magnificent and grand temple word, towering.

博物馆分为地上和地下两部分。地上部分主要包括汉白玉制成的门阙、序幕大殿、图书资料室、陈列室、四角楼、望景亭等。

地下部分是博物馆的精华所在，实际上就是一处规模宏大的地下古墓群，共有历代典型古墓葬二十二座，上自西汉，下迄北宋，其中尤以一组壁画墓最为有名。

洛阳的汉墓壁画历史悠久，目前共有10座古壁画墓可供参观，主要包括西汉“打鬼图”壁画墓、西汉贵族卜千秋壁画墓、东汉出行图壁画墓等。

卜千秋墓的壁画内容为卜千秋夫妇乘蛇和三头凰，在西王母的信使持节仙翁、仙女和虺龙、枭羊、朱雀、白虎等神兽护卫下在空中飞升的情景。画中人物鸟兽色彩绚丽，线条流畅，具有很高的艺术价值。

馆内展出有大量的生活器具、装饰品等随葬品，如西汉、魏晋时期的陶俑，唐代的唐三彩等。

2.河南洛阳导游词

北有故宫，南有木府，跨过清泉汩汩的流水小桥，突见一座木牌坊赫然立于土木瓦顶居民之间。跨进朱红色的木府大门，眼前豁然开朗，一片开阔的地面上巍然耸立着一座金碧辉煌的宫殿，汉白玉基座雕刻精美，那恢宏的气势，使人恍若置身于皇宫之内。纳西人说起木老爷来，就跟我们提到自己的老祖宗一样亲切。木老爷，从前就是这座浩大宅第的主人。简单一点说，五六百年前的木府，就是丽江古城中的紫禁城。

木土司的府第虽有王者气度，却一反中原王城居中为尊的传统，将府第建于城南一隅。而作为全城中心的则是商贾云集的四方街，纵横交错的街道从四方街这一商贸中心向四面八方辐射。从中可看出古城最初形成于乡村集市，最终也因商业贸易而繁荣,丽江牡丹园客栈。这与古城千百年来作为茶马古道重镇的历史密切相关。木土司的宫廷式建筑在明代已蔚为壮观，明代旅行家、地理学家徐霞客在他的《滇游日记》中就曾惊叹宫室之丽，拟于王者。明代时，古城居民就已达千余户，民居建筑颇具规模。徐霞客曾描述当时的丽江古城民房群落，瓦屋栉比，可见民居繁盛之景象。

Hello, all of you, Im Wang Ping, a tour guide from Anhui travel agency.You can call me Wang. My side is master Ma, who has many years of drivingexperience. It is a great pleasure to visit the Chaohu scenic area with everyonein this sunny day.

Now our car is driving on lakeside Avenue, Chaohu, also called "Jiao Lake".It is said that in ancient times of Chaohu, a year of drought, the small whitedragon without rainfall except dry, made tiantiao, was the emperorcensureddescends to earth, when coke Laoshan saved, the small white dragon atthe focal basking grace, so he told him to heaven in nest state, coke baskingtimely told all the neighbors, to everyone die hard to avoid. He had delayed theopportunity to escape and was washed away by the flood. The daughter lost a pairof shoes in a hurry, and flooded, later people to commemorate the focal baskingspirit, will be in the lake called "coke Lake", and then turned into a cokebasking in Laoshan Mountain, a daughter, her a pair of shoes into the shoe hill.Of course, these are just a myth. The real Chaohu is of course the result of themovement of the earths crust.

Now we look to the left is our Chaohu, the lake area of Chaohu 800 squarekilometers, is the largest lake in the province, is one of the five largestfreshwater lakes in China. As the water rich, suitable climate for Anhuifish.

The temple stands in Phoenix Palace red sand reef, three facing water, theexisting building for the late Qing Dynasty temple diange, is dedicated to theworship of bixiayuanjun, and now people visit the temple, is no longer theaeriality pray for the gift of God, but in the work, to enjoy the magnificentscenery of Chaohu Nabaili. And in the temple at Island Lake is a vast lake,which is filled with legendary laoshan.

Laoshan Mountain is the most beautiful in Chaohu biggest lake. Laoshan notonly beautiful. Many visitors walk in the places of historic interest and scenicbeauty, rugged road, if you can hear your footsteps slightly heavier, echosounding, this is the Laoshan unique "an echo", if follow the voice can be foundfor the size of more than 20 caves, cave rocks Ling Xun, very wonderfulinsurance. To climb up, you can see the Wenfeng tower.

Wenfengs seven floors, 51 meters, 133 layers of eaves angle to walk,octagonal eight square, corner with bells, majestic appearance, exquisitestructure. The body of the tower consists of three parts: the outer wall, thecorridor and the tower heart. In the possession of the viceroy Li Hanzhang wrote"I recently", Chinese Taiwans first governor Liu Mingchuan wrote the "flow column" 25plaques and 802 statues of Buddha brick tower, people, feel the wind whistling,bells, like standing above the clouds.

Tasha linedwith Li Hongzhang like, Li Hongzhang fortune before gracedivision Zeng Guofan gathered on the lake in the Huai pointing, practice, notfar from the tower, there is a holy temple basking, red Ying tiles nestled inthe green pines and verdant cypresses, beautiful.

Ladies and gentlemen, our journey is about to end. In this short and happytime, I am impressed by the enthusiasm of you, and I hope that the beauty ofChaohu will leave you a good memory.

圆明新园于公元一九九七年二月二日正式建成并开放，它坐落于珠海九洲大道石林山下，占地面积为1.39平方公里，以北京圆明园为原稿，按1：1比例精选圆明园四十景中的十八景修建而成，投资6亿元人民币，是我国首批4A级景区之一。它三面环山，南面平坦开阔，福海湖水域面积8万平方米。

圆明新园集中再现当年北京圆明园皇家园林的宏伟气势，所有建筑景观均按原尺寸仿建。大殿“正大光明”、“九洲清晏”、“蓬岛瑶台”、“方壶胜景”组成中轴线为皇家宫殿式建筑群，中轴线西面是“远瀛观”、“大水法”、“海晏堂”等西洋楼景区，环湖有“曲院风荷”、“上下天光”、“平湖秋月”、“濂溪乐处”等十余处中国江南园林建筑景观。它以其浓厚的清文化、精雅别致的亭、台、楼、阁和气势磅礴的大型舞蹈表演吸引了无数国内外游客。

1860年第二次鸦片战争时，英法联军入侵北京，以为咸丰帝还在圆明园，遂以圆明园作为进攻目标。实际上咸丰早在英法联军进北京前就带领一帮大臣逃去了热河。入侵者进了圆明园见到庄严的大殿，辉煌的楼阁，幽静的园林，立即动手大抢起来。据史料记载，入侵者进入皇宫后，也不知道拿什麽东西，拿了金子丢了银子，为了镶有珠宝美玉的艺术品，又把金子丢了。无价的瓷器和珐琅器，因太大不能搬走，竟被打碎。联军抢劫圆明园后还不满足，认为只有焚毁圆明园才能使中国及皇帝产生震动，给予最大打击，故英国将士在他们政府和舆论的支持下决心焚毁圆明园。公元1860年10月一代名园终于在侵略者的火把下化为灰烬。圆明园的焚毁，在人类文化史上的损失是无法估量的，侵略者不但毁坏了世界上独一无二的名园，而且把大批的珍贵文物也掠夺到国外，一代名园只剩下残垣断壁。以后清帝几代虽仍想重建圆明园，但终因内忧外患，国力不足，重建工程不得不半途而废。

圆明新园融古典皇家建筑群、江南古典园林建筑群和西洋建筑群为一体，为游客再显了清朝盛世风华。园内西部，是独具高贵气质的西洋建筑群，白色的大理石墙身，精致的殿内装饰，让您仿佛置身于古老的欧洲宫殿。

正大光明殿、九洲清宴景区等布局庄严、方正，或体现皇族气派、或展现后宫佳丽的脱俗气质;黄色的琉璃器宇轩昂;绿色的琉璃充满生机;紫色的琉璃驱鬼辟邪，难怪乾隆皇帝有“不雕不绘，自得轩茅舍意”。

圆明新园内有众多游客参与、观赏的活动。“正大光明”的皇帝登基;“九洲清晏”的折子戏;“濂溪乐处”的江南丝竹;“方壶胜境”的皇帝选妃、大婚。“乾隆游江南”的福海湖大巡游活动，使游客可乘龙船体验当“皇帝”、“皇后”的感觉;园中的茶楼、酒廊、书画廊、民间艺人的精彩表演使您感受到中华文化的源远流长。 园中每天都会有“皇帝登基”、“清宫轶事”、“皇帝选妃”等节目表演，游客可以一睹清廷礼仪。