洛阳白马寺的英文导游词（最新20篇）

马鬃岭现在大家游览完了人文景观，现在我就带大家去领略老君山顶峰的无限自然风光。大家看对面的两座山峰，前面的一座山峰就像一匹马的头，而后面的山峰则犹如马鬃，因此后面的山峰就得名为马鬃岭，它是老君山得最高峰，海拔2200米，是观赏老君山自然风光得最佳处，现在从我们这里走过去要十五分钟左右。站在马鬃岭上，我们大家应该都有体会到了，杜甫登上泰山在《望岳》中写到的“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”的感觉。站在马鬃岭向北望去，我们可以看到县城的街道，房子好像沙盘模型，再往北看，群山逶迤那就是鹅羽岭和熊耳山脉。县城的潭头、秋扒、狮子庙、白土、马超营一线以北的熊耳山主峰，是由距今35亿年至10亿年的地层组成，形成秦岭造山带北缘的后陆逆冲断褶带。

马超营至潭头一线以南至县城(伊河以北)一段，是秦岭造山带北迭瓦逆冲推覆构造带。是距今14亿年至5.7亿年亚洲大陆独有的栾川群、陶湾群(均以本地地名命名)沉积层序，属华北古陆块南缘弧后盆地内的炭质、炭泥质、泥钙质复理石、类复理石沉积，并有碱性岩床、岩墙群侵入。到距今2亿年以后的中生代，此区成为陆内造山带北沿推覆体的前沿逆冲断层带，伴随强烈的岩浆活动，形成了大量以钼为主的多金属矿床。赋存着世界八大钼矿之一，亚洲最大的木矿床，已成为我国的钼业基地。

伊河南岸(黑沟——栾川断裂带以南)至老君山花岗岩岩体之间，是距今18亿年至5.7亿年间，华北古陆块南缘地壳在以扩张伸展为主的构造动力学条件下形成的裂陷海槽中喷发的海底火山岩及火山沉积岩系，显示出裂陷海的构造环境。

四是十里杜鹃长廊，杜鹃它是我国的十大名花之一，在咱们老君山上有四种，在土地垭已看过的是杜鹃花，又叫映山红;在这个地方大家可以看到的是每年5—6月淡紫色花的常绿秀雅杜鹃;以及每年5月开白色花叶子较大，叶色翠绿的河南特有树种河南杜鹃;另外还有一种是花朵比较大的白色太白杜鹃。最后我要告诉大家的是在马鬃岭上可以看到日出、云海、佛光、雾凇等奇观的地方，但是遗憾的是那些奇观却不是时时刻刻都有的，而是都需要一定的特殊环境才会有的：日出是晴天的早上有的，日复一日，太阳东升西落。但是日出奇观，始终吸引着众多的游客。观赏日出，成为许多风景名胜区的重要一景。如泰山，黄山北戴河等处看日出，作为伏牛山主峰的老君山也有日出这一奇观;云海是多发生在午夜或早晨，那是因为午夜和早晨时山地中多形成稳定的逆温层，逆温层上下空气密度和气流速度有较大差异，容易形成气流波动，形成云海;佛光是由光线的衍射作用产生的。在水汽丰富的山势高峻地区，半山腰常分布由白茫茫一片云海。当人站在山上，若光线从人的背后射过来，由于光线的衍射作用，会在人的面前的云幕上出现人影或头影，影外围绕有彩色的光环，就似佛像头上的彩色光圈，因此称佛光。雾凇那是大多在冬天的时候才会出现的，老君山雾淞在中原大地被称为奇观，河南日报著名摄影家王天定先生四上老君山，君山雾淞，名扬天下。那么我在这里就期待着大家下次再来邂逅那些奇观。

According to legend, emperor yangdi Yang Guang in memory of his father sui wendi monuments, bless Jiang Shanyong solid, our descendants ten thousand generation, in TaiLing created next to the temple. Due to our temple create has the support of the emperor, so was grand and splendid. "Rebellion" after the national strength gradually weak, our temple and other buddhist dojo, with incense, less since Buddha, also doomed to our temple, temple of Buddha all destroyed.

Ming hongwu, the qing emperor qianlong and light years, our temple was rebuilt three times and the repair, thrived for many times, is bigger than before, more monks, meter has more than one hundred and eighty mu of land, of the moment, the late qing and early republic, war, bandits, more than our temple temple destroyed, and only three room of hall, six wing and on the second floor of the bell and drum, several monks guard.

1949 years later, the temple abbot monk, has more than 20 acres, land temple, Buddha, bell and drum ready, but unfortunately destroyed in the "cultural revolution". Mage advocated by the net day in 1987, under the original to our temple site restoration and reconstruction, July l989 Ursa major, change a temple called "daming monastery", take a big put light, become the government approval to legally buddhist temples. Since then, the local government, village cadres and four sides under the support of people, especially in Hong Kong publishing, holy one, the realization of the mage on the economy vigorously support, more than a decade to build without dropping out, developing very quickly. Solemn holy land of Buddhism has become a considerable scale. Temple covers an area of 12 acres with Ursa now 5 rooms, great hall 5, ZhaiTan between two layers of 14, he was the 3 rooms, three kuan ti temple temple and chanting hall, study hall, store kingle, drum tower, etc, and have electric room, a bathroom, a guest, wing and other supporting facilities.

Now daming monastery, have taken on a new look. Here is only 10 li away from the county seat, the transportation is convenient. Monastery in FeiFeng ShanYuan built, commanding, eye shot is open, large south the white snow, and west is west gaps back river, north to look deep famen temple pagoda, the east sui wendi TaiLing relatively. Lush scenery elegant, pleasant climate, flowers and trees. Is a wonderful place, temple central Ursa major iron tip of the roof center for SuiTai mausoleums top of the east, east illicit affair, namely using theodolite, nor partial silk recommend her. Is this the ancients masterpiece, deliberately or providence of close, remains unknown, but it makes people wonder, more make people feel mysterious. On the top of the temple in langfang long a towering cooper, dangling, for hundreds of years, despite the wind and rain, fighting, but still flourish, pilgrims and tourists all sigh for the spectacle.

首先映入眼帘的是一座帖金彩绘，翠顶株楹的仿清牌楼，高大雄伟，上面的彩画叫做旋子彩画，上书“津门故里”四字，它肯定地指出了古文化街附近一带是820__年前的一处聚落，当时统治北方的金人在这里建立天津城市最在的监置——直沽寨。今日的天津就是以这一带为原始中心区域，逐渐开发拓展形成的，六、七百年间始终是天津城市商业繁华地段，对天津地区的开发起过难以估量的作用，称作津门故里是当之无愧的。

好，请大家随我一同走进这条街吧，大家注意到没有这条街的许多店铺门面檐下、枋间都有一幅幅彩画，这些都是开光清式苏画，大多是人物故事。我们来看一下集珍阁下枋间的彩画，上面画的是《三国演义》中的8幅画，有“桃园三结义”、“虎牢关三英战吕布”、“凤仪亭吕布戏貂婵”、“当阳拒曹”等，从西蜀角度着重刻画了刘备、关羽、张飞三人的忠义英勇的故事。我们在看对面梨园阁枋间，上面画的是古典戏曲名著《西湘记》，描写的是崔莺莺与张君瑞的恋爱故事。

好，我们往前走，边走边看，每间店铺上都有彩画，每幅彩画都有一个故事。好了，现在我们已经来到了宫前广场。著名的天后宫就坐落在这里了，在进入天后宫之前，我们先来看看对面的戏楼，这座戏楼是天津最早的露天舞台，也是天津最早的群众自娱自乐场所。戏楼是木结构楼台式建筑，坐东朝西，东通海河，西向宫前广场，上面是戏台，下面是通道，还可以过马车。原先的戏楼距离天后宫只有5米，周围都是低矮的平房，显得拥挤杂乱，__时戏楼被拆毁，我们现在看到的戏楼是1985年时重建的，高12米，宽10米，进深11.5米，抱柱贴金楹联上写：“望海阔天空千帆迎晓日，喜风清云淡百戏祝丰年”。在过去，戏楼是酬神演出的主要场所，没年农历3月23日天后娘娘华诞这一天，酬神演出就达到了高潮，后来日本侵略军占领天津后，戏楼终止了酬神演出活动。

好，现在我们转过身来看看，天后宫山门前有两棵高大旗杆，直插云宵，格外引人注目，这就是幡杆，高26米，幡杆由若干根铜糙木和铁糙木接成，外层缠麻抹灰，再涂上油漆，经冬历夏，坚固结实。据说幡杆初立时，一方面挂灯，为往来三岔河口的漕船导航，另一方面则作为天后宫的陪衬物，使整个建筑群显得错落有致，气势不凡。后来便为农历每月初一、十五进香及庙会期间专门悬挂天后封号长幡使用。

请大家继续往前走，现在我们看到的就是天后宫的主体建筑了。天津地方民间素称天后为“娘娘”，所以天后宫又被称作娘娘宫。它始建于元代，以后各朝各代均多次重修加固。大家知道我国寺庙大多坐北朝南，可是，天后宫却是坐东朝西的，这是为什么呢?因为津门三岔河是漕运中的必经之地，既是河运的起点，又是海运的终点，成为河海联运的中转站。当时航海技术不发达，漕船经常葬身鱼腹，为满足船民、商贾及政府官员在漕运中所需要的精神寄托，祈求海神天后对航行的庇佑，就在海河西岸建起了天后宫，庙门朝东，直面海河，南来北往的船只，都抛锚停泊，进庙烧香。有些船只因没时间或某种原因无法靠岸，船民、商贾也可以在船上朝拜天后，祈求平安。这样，既满足了登岸信徒的民俗崇拜要求，也顺应了当时繁忙的航运需求，满足了无法登岸信徒的民俗崇拜要求。

我们现在看到的是山门，为砖木混合结构，九脊歇山青瓦顶，有三门，中间为圆形拱门，取意古代说法“天是圆的”，两旁为长方形便门。门额上刻有“敕见天后宫”四字，中间拱门内有“护佑三津”的匾额。天后宫初建时并无此山门，这坐山门是乾隆20__年增建的。

大家随我进去，迎面为木结构的两柱一楼式的牌楼，左右两边分别是鼓楼和钟楼。走过牌楼，展现在我们面前的是前殿，殿内中间供奉的是护法神王灵官，两侧为“千里眼”、“顺风耳”和“加恶”、“加善”。

我们现在穿过前殿，来到了正殿，这里是供奉天娘娘的地方。坐在正中的就是天后了，我们前面说过天后娘娘可以保佑过往船只的安全，那么天后到底是什么神呢?既然称天后，必是女神无疑了，她不是玉帝、西王母那些空想编造出来的神位，而是依据实有的人和某些传说夸张附会而成的。

史书上说她姓林，宋代福建莆田湄洲岛人。因为出生后一段时间内不会哭，故起名林默。她她生长在海岛，习于水性。相传她自幼聪慧，15岁便精通医理为人治病，决心终生行善济人，同时她又熟悉水性，常渡海救助海上遇险的渔民，最终不幸被台风夺去了年轻的生命，死时年方27。又相传，在其死后显灵救助难民的事情时有发生，于是海上的富商纷纷拿钱修建妈祖庙，祈求渡海平安。当然这也都是些传说。不过，在宋代，我国的航海事业虽有较大发展，但在当时造船和航海技术的条件下，海上安全是无法保障的广大的航海人员幻想有一种超人力量来保佑他们平安地飘洋过海。林默的一些动人传说，自然很容易被选中作为超人力量的偶像。关于天后的传说起初只流传于浙、闽一带，后逐渐被官府承认，宋朝时先后被封为“灵惠夫人”、“灵惠妃”元朝时被封为“天妃”，到清朝时候才被封为“天后”可见封号逐步加升。

穿过正殿，我们来到了藏经阁，藏经阁旧称后楼，是砖木结构的二层楼阁，建于明朝，后经多次修整。

穿过藏经阁，现在我们看到的是启圣祠，也就是后殿，原为祭祀天后的父母的地方，后来作为存放皇会期间天后娘娘出巡的木雕轻像的地方。在天后宫内两侧的厢房是天津民俗博物馆，里面介绍了天津城、天后宫及皇会的兴起变迁。从侧面见证了“先有天后宫，后有天津城”这一说法。同时还陈列着明代天津城砖，清代漕运模型人，婚俗展览等。

Ladies and gentlemen:

Today we are going to visit zhongyang street. this is the downtown area. inorder to better know the street, we are going to walk through it, which takesabout40 minutes. those who do not like walking may keep seated, our coach willgo along another street and stop at the flood control monument. those who cannotwalk that far may take a taxi to the flood control monument. now let6"s get offthe coach, and take a walk on zhongyang street.

Zhongyang street measures1450 meters from jingwei street in the south tothe flood control monument on the riverbank in the north. this is china"slongest walkway. the street was built at the end of the last century. it wasconnected to a wharf at the songhua river. because of the constant transport ofthe goods needed for building the china eastern railway, a shopping center beganto take shape along this street at the turn of the century. harbin at that timewas a semi-colonial city with a foreign population of many thousands. politicsand economy were actually controlled by foreign powers. owing to theconcentration of chinese shops along this street, foreigners took it as a chinatown and called it china street.

Have you noticed the cobbled road surface? this is the only cobbled streetleft in harbin. this cobbled street was paved in1925. thanks to the goodquality, the street has kept in good shape with a few repairs in the past. thisstreet began to take shape as an international street in the1920s. there wereover a hundred shops and many were owned by forergners, such as russians,greeks, czechs, swedes, swiss, frenchmen, germans and englishmen. they builttheir shops in their individual styles. therefore, the street not only lookedlike a foreign street, but also was controlled by foreigners. now this smoothcobbled street may remind us of the past when foreigners were sitting inchariots along the street, as if we could still hear the horse-hoofs clicking oncobbles.

Over half a century is past , zhongyang street is weather-beaten. with theimplementation of reform and opening-up, it is ready to welcome visitors with anew outlook.

The building in front of us is very attractive. its some and arched windowsare typical of the byzantine style popular in europe during the middle ages. itwas built in1934and it was a shoe shop owned by a czech. after liberation, itbecame a specialty shop-women and children"s department store. it is the biggestspecialty shop along zhongyang street. there are a good variety of commodities.now some world famous specialty chains have also set up branches down here, suchas crocodile, bossini and so on. you can see some gentlemen also wandering inthe women and children"s department store. at such a good shopping place, theywill not walk out empty-handed.

Opposite the women and children"s department store is the central shoppingcity opened in november1994. on its original site there were five small storesrun by russians, which were built in1932. after liberation, they were turnedinto one department store. in1994, the old building was torn down, and thiscomprehensive department store was built. the architecture is a combination of aeuropean castle with modern architecture. it has become a new scenic spot onzhongyang street.

At we go along the road, we are able to see the central pharmacy. it was abungalow before. in1912, german sidemen"s opened a shop here to sell electricalequipment and materials. after liberation, it was reconstructed. now you canfind not only Medicine here, but also the gold lion shop, a super-market and akentucky fried chicken restaurant.

This shopping center was opened in1995. its original site was a shopmanaged by a swede. it dealt in china, porcelain and enamelware. afterliberation, it became a food-store. the building you see now was designed by afamous architect in heilongjiang. it is a masterpiece of adopting reliefsculptures in modern construction. this building is an attractive site inzhongyang street.

The nost interesting building along zhongyang street is the modern hotel.it was constructed in1913. it is of an attractive outlook and magnificentlydecorated. it has a typical baroque style of the neo-artistic period. at first,it was invested and managed by a jewish frenchman. the origin of its chinesename once aroused the interest of many people. there was a column in newspaperfor debating its origin. some held its chinese name came from the word "mother",some said it came from "modern". however, modern seemed to overwhelm mother asyou can see the hotel now used the modern hotel as its english name.

Modern hotel has all the facilities of a modern hotel includingwell-decorated suites, dining rooms and medium and small-sized meeting rooms ineuropean palatial styles. there is a legendary oil painting hanging on a wall onthe landing of the first floor. it was painted a famous russian painter. he wasinspired by "divine comedy"composed by dante. it shows a pretty girl saved byangels from confinement by insects and demons;the girl who endured tortures inhell was about to rise to heaven. this picture was painted red during thecultural revolution. after the cultural revolution, the original painting wasrestored. now we are able to appreciate its artistic charm.

In the past few decades, modern hotel has catered to many famous people,such as well known chinese writers guo moruo and ding ling, and a renownedpainter, xu berhong. those who have stayed here also include distinguishedamerican celebrities such as anna louise strong, edgar snow yue-sai kan. moviestudios have shot movies here. "harbin in the dark night", "london inspiration","the orient express to moscow"have left people lasting memories.

Opposite the modern hotel, there is huamei restaurant. it was malserestaurant serving western food. after liberation, it was rebuilt several timesand two more stories have been added. however, its original european style hadbeen kept. it was reported in1973that there were260 western restaurants inharbin, with over100 concentrated along zhongyang street. huamei restaurant wasone of the best known. now it serves many specialties, such as russian dishes,potted cattle tail, french egg and fried prawns. it is said a russian celebritywho used to serve in the army once visited huamei. after dinner, he could nothelp praising delicious food served in huamei. he declared the russian disheshere surpassed those in russia. he would send chefs from russia to huamei tolearn to cook when he got back Home. now that you know huamei, your knowledge ofzhongyang street will not be complete if you have not tried the food here.

Further in the front, we can see the education bookstore. it wasconstructed in1909. it is a baroque construction, extravagant and novel, withbold lines and strong contrast. over the entrance, there are two staturs. theyare titans in greek fairy tales. the male is atlas and the female is galliached.it is said they hold up the sky with heads and shoulders. education relates tothe future of a country. may these titans hold up the building of education, andaccompany us to a prosperous tomorrow.

Opposite to the education bookstore, the building in the neo-artistic styleis qiulin department store. it is characterized by simple structure, flexiblelay out, free style, and curved decoration. qiulin was constructed in1903. inthe past few decades, it has transformed from a colonial company. it haswitnessed great changes in zhongyang street.

Many people say zhongyang street is a street of architecture as over70buildings appear in different styles. some state it is a small paris in theorient; some assert it is a moscow in the orient; some declare it is a symphony.when you step on this cobbled street, it is as if you could hear a prelude. asyou go further along the street, you can see the women and children"s departmentstore, and the flood control monument at the riverside, as if their variedstructures were different chapters constituting a harmonious tune. this symphonyaccompanies the people in harbin as they suffered before liberation, wanderedthrough the cultural revolution, and ushered in the reform and opening up, andencourages them to face up to the magnificent21st century.

Добро пожаловать в город нанкин, где всегда есть "Шесть династий цзяочжоу,цзиньлин императорской области" достопримечательности. я гид из средней бригадыпровинции цзянсу _ Все могут звать меня _ гид, или маленький. рядом со мной этотводитель. мастер, его техника вождения очень хорошо, будьте уверены. надеюсь,что в ближайшие дни мы с вами сможем совершить прекрасную поездку в нанкин.Нанкин - один из семи древних столиц китая. в Восточном предместье сушёная горас черепом человека, что доказывает, что 350 тысяч лет назад, были следы"нанкинских обезьян". с начала династии дун у цзянду в 229 г. нашей эры нанкиндесять раз стал Киото, оставив богатое историческое и культурное наследие.нанкин географический район, богатые материальными ресурсами, находится в районе? золотого Треугольника? Янцзы, является важным городом в региональной экономикеКитая. нанкинский внешний транспорт широко известен и представляет собойтрехмерную транспортную систему и сеть для воздушных, шоссейных, железнодорожныхи речных перевозок. нанкин, горы кольцо воды, лук, клетки и юй, город шаньшуйлеса слились в одно целое, природа пейзаж долго славится. Природа одарилананкина живописными горами, сохранившими здесь свою славную культуру. Г - н Суньчжуншань в знаменитых словах рассказал о красоте нанкина: "здесь есть горы, естьравнины, есть глубины, в трех крупнейших городах мира также искренне труднонайти эту достопримечательность". на подножии горы чжуншань, мин Сяолинь,расположенная на подножии горы чуньшань, расположена в зелено - зеленом золотомхолме и имеет великолепное расположение. памятники тайпинского царства, огромныйдворец. в нескольких десятках мавзолей династии Южная династия получила большоемастерство, которое можно назвать гигантской системой, национальной ценностью.нершелита (храм Цися), великолепная фигура, стройная, великолепная, великолепнаядекоративная, это редкость из имеющихся в нашей стране каменных башен.

президентский дворец, мемориальный парк павших героев юйхуатая,мемориальный музей соотечественников, погибших в результате массовых убийств вНанкине, которые были совершены против японской армии в китае, мемориальныймузей в новой деревне мэйюань и мемориал победы в переправу являютсяисторическими свидетельствами демократической революции в нашей стране. озеросюаньюй, три кольца воды, с одной стороны, рядом с городом, сюфэн тайфэн тенибашни, Бибо, можно назвать "золотой Жемчужиной". озеро моуны, содержиттрогательные и печальные легенды, озеро свет тени, цветочный коконник, изящный,изысканный и открытый. особенность нанкина известна как китайская технологияпарча "живые окаменелости" облака и "сокровище нации" Дождь камень, сталпредставителем Нанкинского туристического товара. вкусные закуски цинь Хуай исолёная утка широко известны во всем мире. в этот день нанкин, одновременно ссовременной вежливой экономикой, является красивым пейзажем с красивыми горами,живущими на драконьих досках, город хуаньхуань дворец дворец, уличные структуры,сад сад сад сад сад сад, зеленая площадь... вместе построили красочный альбом,слитый в одно целое горными и водными лесами, и продемонстрировали уникальноеочарование "зеленой древности, города культуры". Говоря о нашем Нанкине,приходится упомянуть четыре конкретных продукта, которые соответствуют ? есть?,? пить?, ? играть? и ? одеваться?: соленая утка, чай с дождями, камни и облака.Долгая история родила нанкин богатейшие туристические ресурсы, восток от горычжуншань пейзаж области, в том числе в горах, мин Сяолинь, храм линьгу ибазальту озеро, запад и Каменный город пейзаж в качестве точки зрения, к югузнаменитый пейзаж цинь Хуай является основным хитом, на севере вдоль реки пейзажобласти, в том числе мост Янцзы, просмотр Реки Лу, храм Цзинхай и другиедостопримечательности. нанкин, в котором собраны горы, вода, город и вэнь, игоры, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и тучи, ивеликие, и великие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, ибольшие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие.

Located in the West of Henan Province, Luoyang got its name due to itslocation in the adret of the ancient Luoshui River. It is a historic city withmore than three thousand years history. It was the capital city for ninedynasties, including the East Zhou, East Han, Caowei, West Jin, North Wei, Sui,Wuzhou, Late Liang, Late Tang, so it is named as the "Ancient Capital of theNine Dynasties", ranking top one among the seven ancient capitals in China. TheHeluo area with Luoyang as the center is the important origin of the HuaxiaCivilization. The most prosperous period of Luoyang was in t

LuoYang City Instruction

Luoyang is located in the western part of Henan province, stretching acrossthe middle reaches of the Yellow River. It has jurisdiction over 1 city, 8counties and 6 districts with a total area of 15,208 square kilometers including544 square kilometers of urban area. Its population totals 6.24 million of whichover 1.40 million living in urban areas. As a city famous for its splendidhistory and profound culture, Luoyang has become a shining gem in central partof China for its abundant and characteristic modern civilization.----Luoyang hasbeen known as "an ancient capital of nine dynasties ". It is among the firstcities to be declared by the State Council as the ancient capitals and famoushistorical and cultural cities. Starting from the first dynasty of China---Xia,it served as capital for 13 dynasties---Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou,Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, etc. It served as acapital for 1,529 years, and thus of the 7 great ancient capitals in China, itwas the first one to have served as the capital for the most numerous dynastiesand for the longest time. Luoyang is one of the important birthplaces of theChinese civilization. Culture in the Yellow River and the Luo River symbolizedby the Pattern of the Yellow River and the Writing of Luoyang is regarded as akey origin of the ancient Chinese civilization. It was here that Taoisminitiated, Confucianism originated. Buddhism first introduced and Li School--aConfucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties born.Many Chinese descendants found their roots here and cherished a deep love forthe homeland.----Luoyang is one of the top tourist cities in China with itsnumerous cultural relics dotted everywhere, picturesque landscape and nationalflower-Tree Peony. The city has inherited from history such cultural heritagesas ruins of the old capital, temples and stone caves, and tombs and steles. Ithas 10 national sites, 75 provincial sites, and over 571 municipal sites to beprotected as cultural relics with nearly 400,000 items of relics having beenunearthed and kept in museums. The rare ruins of the capitals from the Xia,Shang, Zhou, Han and Wei, Sui and Tang dynasties are named "Assembly of FiveCapitals ". Longmen Grottoes is one of the three great banks of Chinese stonesculptures that is a World Cultural Heritage. The White Horse Temple is thefirst officially built monastery in China after the introduction of Buddhism. Inthe Mangshan Mountain there remains the largest group of ancient tombs in Chinafeatured by royal tombs, which took form since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. To thenorth of Luoyang is the Mother River of the Chinese nation---the Yellow Riverthat together with a tourist resorts around the Xiaolangdi Reservoir andWanshanhu tourist area in Xinan. To the south are spots of interests such asthe Songshan Mountain which is the central one of

the Five High Mountains of China, a national forest park at the BaiyunMountain, Longyu Bay and Huaguo Mountain, a magically shaped Cockscomb KarstCave, and tourist area around Luhun Reservoir. Known as national beauty andheavenly fragrance, peony has been planted for nearly 1,500 years in Luoyang.Around April every year, the peony comes into full bloom, decorating the urbanareas with flooding colors. Especially the Luoyang Peony Festival to be heldevery year, which has become an occasion that attracts millions of tourists bothat home and abroad. A long history, a brilliant accumulation of culture and avariety of beautiful natural scenery all combine to provide Luoyang withexceptional advantages in tourist business. With rich economic resources, strongsci-tech power and concentration of many large enterprises, Luoyang is one ofthe important quicke industrial cities in mid-west part of China. During thefirst Five-Year Plan period, 7 of the 156 key projects in China were set up hereand nowadays it has developed to a new industrial base with 6 pillar industriesin machinery and electronics, petrochemistry, metallurgy, building materials,textile, and foodstuff. Large-sized enterprise groups appear such as LuoyangPetrochemistry General Factory, the China first Tractor Group, Luoyang BallBearing (Group) Corporation, Luoyang Bronze Processing Factory, Luoyang FloatGlass Group and these enterprises are fairly strong in their competitiveness inboth international and domestic markets in their respective fields. Luoyangenjoys an apparent advantage in science and technology. It seats 14 scientificresearch institutions attached to various ministries of the State, and 18backbone institutions of the province and the city. 1,972 out of every 10,000employees are professionals, which is a proportion above the national average.Many institutions are leading the nation in testing and research, presenting newprojects and products in such high-tech fields as new materials, aviation andaerospace, electronics information, and integration of machinery andelectronics. New & High-tech Industry Development Zone has become a base fortransforming traditional industries with new technology and a window open to theoutside world.----In recent years, Luoyang has grasped the opportunity of westdevelopment and pro-active fiscal policy of the State, deepened the reform andned the development. In 20__, a GNP reached 46.57 billion Yuan and the localrevenue exceeded 2.42 billion Yuan. The rural economy has seen stabledevelopment, the reform of the state-owned enterprises and readjustment ofindustrial structure have been deepened, and rising industries such aspetrochemistry, electrolyzed aluminum, coal and electronic information have beendeveloping rapidly. Focusing on to develop the southern new developing zone, wewill speed up the infrastructure and comprehensive management with contents of "Greenness, brightness, cleanness, prettiness and smoothness ". The urbaninfrastructure and management ability has further improved, as a result of whichin 20__ it has passed appraisai of the country being a Garden and Forest Cityand has been enlisted as Top Tourist City of China. Environment for tourism hasbeen improved greatly. In 20__ the city received 106,000 tourists from abroad,12.31 million tourists at home with total tourism income of 6 billion Yuan. Thestrategy of achieving development through reform has been implemented activelyand friendly ties and exchanges with foreign countries and regions have beenstrengthened. And by the strategy of

rejuvenating Luoyang through science and education, various socialundertakings have been making progress. Social security system has beenperfected, peoples living standard upgraded and buildind of spiritualcivilization and rule of law further promoted.----At present Luoyang is facingfavorable development opportunities and conditions. Completion of several keyprojects such as key water control project at Xiaolangdi, the chemical fiber,laid a solid foundation foundation for city’s development in the new century. Inyears to come, Luoyang will implement the policy to build up our city into astrength city in industry and tourism, further improve strategic readjustment ineconomic structure. Efforts will be made to speed up upgrading and perfection oftraditional industries and growth of rising industries, to actively developnon-state-owned economy and to constantly increase both quality and benefits ofthe economic growth. Given primary construction to high-standard planning andhigh--quality in infrastructure construction, the city will quicken urbandevelopment, further improve its environment quality and cultural connotationand speed up process of urbanization, thus developing tourism as an importantbackbone industry, Construction on culture, democracy and rule of law will beactively enhanced. It is hoped that through endeavors in the 10th Five-Year Planperiod, the goal of developing Luoyang into a modern industrial city equippedwith advanced science and education, and an international city backed by richhistorical culture.----"If you want to know the rises and falls in China, pleasejust look at the city of Luoyang. " We warmly welcome people from all over theworld to come to Luoyang to go on sightseeing and make friends, to search forroots, to build industry and business, to pursue joint development with us, andto reconstruct the splendor of the ancient capital

王府正殿，俗称“银安殿”是王府内举行重要礼节性活动的场所，在殿内中心位臵摆放一组屏风和亲王的宝座。与故宫的金銮殿相对应的。金銮殿是皇帝

召见、举行重大典礼仪式的地方。

你现在看到的这座高大的建筑是本次大修中按同治光绪年间的原样新建的。最初的银安殿连同东西配殿在内的整个院落于一九二一年正月十五元宵节夜因烧香失火被毁。

银安殿的新建历程：

银安殿是按照当时严格的清廷建筑规制、王府建筑中的最高规格屋顶——歇山顶修复而成的。

游客们请观察正殿屋顶筒瓦的颜色，屋脊上吻兽个数，正门门钉的个数等，与你们所见的故宫有何不同?

皇宫屋顶覆盖金黄色琉璃，是皇权的象征;王府正殿的屋顶覆盖绿色琉璃筒瓦、屋脊上绿色琉璃吻兽，配殿屋顶为灰筒瓦，那是明示亲王的地位。

门钉。在古建筑里，门钉只在板门上使用。当初用来提防敌人用火攻城，所以在涿弋上涂满了泥，起防火作用。门钉一般是铜制的。清朝则对门钉的使用有一定的规制。皇家建筑，每扇门的门钉是横竖各九路，一共是九九八十一个钉。九是阳数之极，象征帝王最高的地位。因为帝王庙是供奉历代帝王的，所以也是横竖九路门钉;王府七路乘七路，但是亲王府七路乘九路;再往下就是五路乘五路。

2、多福轩

此院俗称“藤萝院”。正殿在和珅时期称之谓“延禧堂”，是和珅之子与公主的居所。恭亲王时期称之谓“多福轩”，是王府的穿堂客厅，主要用于主人日常接待来客、亲友或前来回禀公事的下属，兼用作存放皇帝送来的礼物。“多福轩”此匾为咸丰皇帝所题。意为幸福很多的殿堂。殿内正中悬挂“同德延禧”匾额，意在告诫主人：你与皇帝同德才能延禧(禧：吉祥如意、福寿绵长)。请大家仔细观察殿内四壁靠近天花板的地方皆悬挂福寿字匾，这些福寿字均写于红色方纸之上(即“斗方”)呈梭形摆放，一福一寿成对制成匾额。清代自康熙以后，每年入冬，皇帝都要亲自书写“福”“寿”字，颁赐给王、公、大臣、后妃。逢重大生日庆典，还会加赐“寿”字。按惯例，旧年的福寿字斗方不能揭去，而是将新赐的福寿字斗方直接贴在旧的上面，取“增福添寿”之意。现在你看到的就是原样复制的。

请大家仔细观察屋梁上保留下来的乾隆时期的凤和玺彩画，虽然仅残留局部的凤尾图案，却有特殊的价值，它的存在证实了府邸东路曾为公主府 。

和玺彩画又称宫殿建筑彩画，这种建筑彩画在清代是一种最高等级的彩画，大多画在宫殿建筑上或与皇家有关的建筑之上。

3、乐道堂

这里是东路建筑中最大的一处，也是最后一进院落，正房名“乐道堂”。室内梁上至今保存了200多年前清中期包袱锦地彩画和凤凰主题彩画，表明和珅时期这里曾是公主的居所。到了恭亲王时期这里是王爷的居室。现在室内按恭亲王居住时的原样陈列。“乐道堂”的匾额是道光帝亲笔所书赐给奕忻的，“安身乐道”表达了一位父亲希望儿子顺心如意、幸福吉祥的美好心愿。

和珅既非亲王，在封建等级制度甚严的清朝，他为何臵逾制犯上而不顾大兴土木建造如此豪华的私宅呢?从下面的记载中你可知其中的原委。

和珅之子丰绅殷德本名殷德，生于乾隆四十年(1775年)正月十九日，比和孝公主小半个月。和珅与乾隆结成儿女亲家，成为令人高不可攀的皇亲国戚，由此更加受到皇上的器重，继而平步青云。和珅建和宅实际上建成的是公主府，因此和珅建此宅是按照公主府邸和朝廷一品大员的双重规格建造的。

4、嘉乐堂

嘉乐堂是和珅时期的堂号，“嘉乐堂”此匾相传是乾隆赐给和珅的。恭亲王时期为“神殿”，即王府举行萨满教祭祀活动的地方。

萨满教祭祀活动：古代的蒙古人最早信仰萨满教。萨满教崇拜神灵，把世界分为三种：天堂在上;地为之中;地狱在下。

萨满祭祀以祭祖祭天最为重要。满族人崇敬乌鸦，据传说满族祖先在一次战斗中陷入陷井，情急之下不得不到大树上作躲藏，树上的乌鸦一动不动，因而没有把满族的祖先暴露给敌人，让他逃过一劫，东山再起，因此满族人把乌鸦敬之为神。篇二：恭王府导游词

各位游客大家好,恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和王申的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和王申曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和王申野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的?聚宝盆?，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

龙门石窟的发现年代、建造年代十分复杂。龙门石窟由成千上万个洞窟组成，有潜溪寺，有莲花洞，有药方洞，有古阳洞，还有香山寺、白园、万佛洞，数也数不清。

我们先来看看莲花洞，“莲花洞”这个名字也是有来头的。您看，窟顶雕刻着一朵硕大精美的高浮雕莲花，“莲花洞”这名字就是根据这朵莲花取的。莲花是佛教象征的名物，意思为：出污泥而不染。洞内有一佛二弟子二菩萨。您能看见，左侧弟子的头部没有了，是因为头部早年被盗，现在只能在法国吉美博物馆里见到了。大家看莲花洞南壁上方，有一个个小小的佛像，它是龙门石窟最小的佛像，仅有2厘米高，这些高不盈寸的小千佛栩栩如生，可以想到，当时的雕刻技艺是多么精湛啊！

看完莲花洞，我们又来到了药方洞。药方洞因窟门刻有诸多唐代药方得名。它始凿于北魏晚期，经东魏，北齐，到唐代仍有雕刻，药方洞的药方是中国最早的石刻药方。

龙门石窟现在已经遭到严重的破坏。除了极少数的佛像外，大多数佛像的头部均遭到破坏，难以其整体造型。但是剩下的部分足以说明艺术水平之高超、神态之曼妙，我希望大家好好保护这些文物。

龙门石窟还有个传说呢。相传远古时期，洛阳南面有一大片烟波浩淼的湖水，周围青山苍翠，芳草萋萋。人们在山上放牧，在湖里捕鱼。村里有个勤劳的孩子，天天到山上牧羊，常常听到从地下传来“开不开”的奇怪声音，回到家便把这件事告诉母亲，母亲想了想，告诉他，如果再听到这种声音就回答“开”！谁知一声未了，天崩地裂，龙门石窟顷刻从山中间裂开，湖水顷出，奔腾咆哮着绕过洛阳城，流向东海。水流之后，龙门石窟就出现了。

游客们，愉快的一天就这么快结束了，希望你们玩得开心哟！让我们下次再见！

Dear friends hello! I am a tour guide. Today we are going to mount emei scenic area is world-famous. On the emei mountain there is a legend: once upon a time, Simon, the emei county go there is a temple. One year, to a white-haired old painter, the painter and a temple monk friendship is very good. Later, the old painter with monk said goodbye, when he left to the monk four picture, and asked the monk to put this four picture in the box, live forty-nine days to hang out. Monk felt so good picture on the box its too bad, so he put the four picture to hang up.

Come back in one day, he went out and saw the four girls, feel very familiar. Hou to found the girl is the painting on the wall. He immediately went to chase, run faster because my sisters, he caught only four sisters. Four sisters hide away, he began to cry out: "elder sister, two elder sister, three elder sister, come and save me!" Three sisters see four sister dogged by monks, scolds: "this monk dont be shy!" Four sisters because every far, only to hear "dont be shy" three words, thought that my sisters in scold her, blushing shame, shame, immediately into a mountain. Monk suddenly missing girl, but there was a mountain before, I thought, you become a mountain I would waiting beside you, cant let you anyway.

Three sisters see four younger sister into a mountain, also become three mountain and waiting for her. Later, beside the mountain monks death, into a porcelain lohan, still keep the mountain. People built a temple there, is called "porcelain buddhist temple". Four sisters into four peaks, a more than a beauty. Then they take slices "moths" rewrite into mountain "I" word. Elder sister is called big asan, two elder sister is called two asan, three elder sister is three asan, four younger sister is called four asan. So far, the big asan asan, two and three asan, standing still, only four asan across a distance. Emei mountain scenery beautiful. How many visitors letters, they make poetry article, whereabouts, found them all, the number is not clear. The tang dynasty poet Li Baishi yue: "shu town, I putuoshan following difficult." ; Ming dynasty poet Zhou Hongmo shout: "three I show of guilin, why Marine penglai found."

Contemporary writer guo moruo emeishan for book "the world famous mountains"; Mount emei is also known as the "emei world show" of reputation. Through the ages, mount emei is proving worship, sightseeing, scientific research, leisure spa resort. Mount emei is one thousand years, incense exuberant, tourist flow, eternal charm. Tourists, emei mountain has arrived, please take to bring something, well set out tourism. During the visit, please do not spitting, littering, to protect the environment and mount emei wonderland.

Taicang is located in the southeast of jiangsu province, at the southern bank of Yangtze river estuary is located in north latitude 31 ° 20 - 31 ° 45, longitude 120 ° 58 - 121 ° 20. The, in the east and chongming island across the river, baoshan, jiading, Shanghai in the south, west, north, respectively, and kunshan, changshu border. Taicang is a plain along the river of the Yangtze river delta plain. All geological flat, since the northeast southwest were slightly tilted. For eastern plain along the river, west to low-lying OS. Eastern ground elevation: 3.5-5.8 meters (benchmark: Wu Song zero), west 2.4 3.8 meters. Across a total area of 822.926 square kilometers, of which the Yangtze river water area of 173.89 square kilometers.

Taicang is the main ethnic han Chinese, minority scattered areas. The city has 1998 hui, manchu, Mongol, zhuang, wa, miao, dong, dai, yi, qiang, tujia, naxi, hezhen, hani, such as 15 minority, 161 people, of which the majority with hui and manchu, mainly distributed in residences, shaxi town, LiuHe, etc. By the end of 1998, the total number of households in the city 140446 households, 449453 people, including agricultural population 329591 people, non-agricultural population of 119862 people. Male 219715, female 229738 people; The birth rate was 6.9 ‰, the natural growth rate 1.73 ‰. Taicang, the Yangtze river economic belt and coastal open port city in the history of intersection, head of the Yangtze river delta open area in the southeast of jiangsu province forefront, east is near the south according to Shanghai, west of suzhou, is one of the most developed counties (cities) of jiangsu province economy. History after the prince and spring shen jun named granary "taicang" in the building, with pleasant climate, rich products, and enjoys jinxiu jiangnan "taicang of gold" reputation.

Reform and opening up, dongfeng, taicang into the stream of the world, taicang the geography position advantage and good economic foundation, for the all-round development and promote the internationalization of economy provides the advantageous natural conditions and the unprecedented historical opportunity, shows the broad prospects for development, taicang port has approved as the port of national first class, formal open foreign ships, and as a part of the Shanghai international shipping center. According to the requirements of the prime minister li peng has stepped up efforts to do a good job in expansion oil, amoco, cosco, huaneng, China mobil nearly 20 big business at home and abroad, such as large enterprises have settled in the port area, taicang economic development zone of a batch of large investment, high technology content, developing power projects have started production, crossing the Chinese Taiwanese community, lu GuiZhuang candy food hall, horse power motor city, north area, early LiuHe tourist area has some characteristics such as village scale, or under construction. Towards diversification, industrialization of agriculture, the optimized structural adjustment of the industrial economy, in petrochemical industry, mechanical and electrical integration, light industry, food raw materials, precision machinery, high-grade textile clothing and energy as the main body of the six big emerging dominant is accelerating formation of industrial clusters.

星期五傍晚，婶婶突然通知我，叫我去洛阳看牡丹花。你们不知道我有多么滴不愿意去，但是，我在怎么挣扎也是没有用的，妈妈硬拉着我给我换了身衣服，洗了洗脸，把我送到了车上。

车上有我、叔叔婶婶和弟弟，我们的车子开的飞快，立马开到了林州。到了那里，另一个叔叔带我去吃了点饭，就换了个车，往洛阳走了。车上还带了两个工人，他们去洛阳考试。听叔叔说到洛阳要7、8个小时，便让我们睡了。我怎么也睡不着，两个弟弟已经睡的死死的了。到了不到11点，我也睡着了。。。。。。

凌晨3点，我们到了洛阳，首先做的就是找了个旅馆休息了半个晚上。第二天早上，我们都早早的起了床，要去看牡丹。我们去吃早饭，在哪里都要排队，我们就没有吃，直接就去看牡丹了。我们去的是“王城公园”。到了那里才8点多，人就很多了。我们立即买上了门票，前去看牡丹了。一进公园，什么也没看见，往里面走了走，看见了隐隐若现的牡丹花，我们跑过去，看着新鲜，拍了几张照片。我们接着往里走，这次，走到了“牡丹仙子”的边缘。啊!好多的牡丹花了，我们高兴的不得了，看见一朵就照一张，照了几十张。我们接着就去动物园看动物，没想到另我们吃惊的是，动物园里的牡丹更是数不胜数，花花绿绿的牡丹，摆满了我们的眼帘。我们跑到这儿跑到那儿，一会看看红色的，一会看看白色的。接着我们看到了小鹦鹉。山鸡，猴子。。。。。。它们灵巧的身子，五彩的羽毛，漂亮极了;我们又看到了长颈鹿，大象，犀牛，它们庞大的身躯，一摇一摇的走来走去;然后是河马，狮子，老虎，豹子，梅花鹿，麋鹿，羚羊，小熊猫等等，非常的多!我们最后去马戏厂看了看。到了12点，我们该去吃饭了。我们到了桥上，开始拥挤了。桥上慢慢的没有一点空隙，很多人在一点点的向前走着。我们挤了不到半个钟头，中午挤出来了。我们站到高出，看到了公园里人山人海，成万上十万的人数以千计，最后，我们不能浪费时间了。走出公园。

下午我们参观了“龙门石窟”。光开车走到那里就走了2个小时，快到了，开始堵车了。我们把车给放到便道里，地奔这走。到了附近，又是人山人海，我们找到了一条路，爬上了桥上。我们没看多久，也就快天黑了，就回去了。在回去的路上，有堵车了，幸好我们从便道走了，要不我们就出不去了。可惜我们没看到“王城公园”的灯会，有机会，我一定要专门来看等会。晚上有熬了一夜，凌晨2点30分，终于快到家了。

我们回到了家里，把事情的经过告诉了妈妈。我觉的，洛阳的牡丹这是太美了，我以后一定要好好学习，考上大学，挣到钱后带着爸爸妈妈来洛阳看牡丹。

Dear visitors, everybody! Today is a great pleasure when you tour guide.Welcome to visit the Summer Palace, it is included in the "world heritage"imperial garden. Please tourists in visiting graffito of the scribble dontlitter, and destroy its beauty.

Lets look when we first came to the famous promenade, the pillars of thegreen paint, red paint of the rail, as the eye is not the end. The corridor isnot general, there are more than seven hundred meters long, divided into 273rooms, each of the cross on the sill have colorful paintings, painted figures,flowers and plants, landscape, the tourists, do you believe that? Thousands ofno two picture in the picture the same. It is no wonder that is referred to as:the worlds first gallery

Swim gallery, we came to the foot of the longevity hill, fellow tourists,you looked up and saw a three layer architecture of anise pyramid? Yes, that is,buddhist incense the rows of resplendent and magnificent palace, below is thecloud temple

Visitors, we boarded the longevity hill, standing in front of the Buddhaincense looking down, the Summer Palace, the landscape of the most in fundus.Look forward again, kunming lake quiet like a mirror, like a piece of jadegreen. Cruise ships, original in the lake slowly glides, almost leave no traces.Kunming lake is a quiet, tourists feel?

So we went down the mountain visit kunming lake. Look, kunming lake aroundlong embankment, the top there are several styles of different stone bridge,involves numerous weeping willows on both sides. Visitors walk through the longstone bridge, can go to the island to play. The stone bridge seventeen littletunnel, so called the marble seventeen-arch bridge which.

Tourists, trip to the Summer Palace, to the end, wish everyone have a goodtime.

Today everybody plays well? In fact, today we know only can be the tip ofthe iceberg, hope everybody has the opportunity to play again.

Gold Chang in northwest area is located in suzhou city, the ancient city, east moat outside the east coast and cross yanghe, east and at pingkiang area adjacent; West to the grand canal west world, and suzhou high new technical industrial zone river; South bridge across the river in small day, three road, tung many in the east coast and double river and is bounded canglang; North to central triangle mouth the water surface, the borders of the city.

Gold Chang area of the tourism resources, huqiu, hanshan temple, lingering garden, west park and so on historical and cultural relics is the pride of suzhou. "Swim in suzhou and not swim huqiu, but pity." Is the symbol of the ancient city of suzhou huqiu tower is famous world culture heritage, the annual traditional temple fair and huqiu show attracted millions of Chinese and foreign tourists. Is located in the ancient city in the west of the hanshan temple with a poetry of the present paper arrives at an inter pretation "and famous, each ring, people always want to hanshan temple

Suzhou belongs to north subtropical monsoon climate, the spring and autumn season for travel.

In October 1955, suzhou city, the city name change, west renamed Chang zone of gold. In August 1956, the area before the view (the former central) revoked, the area, respectively, into the north tower area (north) peace river area (east). In July 1958, revocation of the north tower area, the area of peach dock, Chang door and changchun street office Chang area (most) into gold. Founded in November the same year, the city peoples communes, a district social unity. In July 1960, suzhou city, the original three area is adjusted for six, gold Chang area in two, set up two gold Chang, peach dock area (communes). In July 1962, suzhou cancel each urban commune system. In March 1963, restore to establish three city, peach dock area withdraw into gold Chang area. Gold Chang area during the "cultural revolution" was renamed yan an area. On June 9, 1980, approved by jiangsu province peoples government: suzhou yanan area changed its name to gold Chang area. On September 1, 20xx, suzhou city held a press conference, announced the cancellation of suzhou canglang, at pingkiang area, gold Chang area, set up in suzhou gusu area, with the original canglang, at pingkiang area, gold Chang area administrative areas for administrative areas in gusu area.

博物馆分为地上和地下两部分。地上部分主要包括汉白玉制成的门阙、序幕大殿、图书资料室、陈列室、四角楼、望景亭等。

地下部分是博物馆的精华所在，实际上就是一处规模宏大的地下古墓群，共有历代典型古墓葬二十二座，上自西汉，下迄北宋，其中尤以一组壁画墓最为有名。

洛阳的汉墓壁画历史悠久，目前共有10座古壁画墓可供参观，主要包括西汉“打鬼图”壁画墓、西汉贵族卜千秋壁画墓、东汉出行图壁画墓等。

卜千秋墓的壁画内容为卜千秋夫妇乘蛇和三头凰，在西王母的信使持节仙翁、仙女和虺龙、枭羊、朱雀、白虎等神兽护卫下在空中飞升的情景。画中人物鸟兽色彩绚丽，线条流畅，具有很高的艺术价值。

馆内展出有大量的生活器具、装饰品等随葬品，如西汉、魏晋时期的陶俑，唐代的唐三彩等。

2.河南洛阳导游词

ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where were arrivingis one of the two most beautiful town in China----the old town of fenghuang, itsa very important point that connects huaihua hunan and tongren guizhoutogether.and its the hometown of mr shengcongwen.

fenghuang has wonderful natural landscapes,its very hot for travellingsince the old time. even a lot of teleplays were produced here.fenghuang is alsoa dradle for famous people ,shencongwen and xiongxiling are both spent theirchildhood here.now, lets set out to enjoy these fantastic good views.

THE FORMER RESIDENCE OF SHENCONGWEN

This is the former residence of shencongwen,a very famous auther,archaeologist and historian in china.

lined in the zhongying street in the south part of the fenghuang old town,the residence is a typical spacious ancient countryard with special tectonicstyle of ming and qing dynasty. walk into the yard, you can find that there is asmall patio in the center of the countryard. which is built with red rock.around the patio , there are about 10 rooms which are small but decorated byspecial carved wooden windows .its so beautiful.

common people,and know their tragic lives. this special experience stunnedup his enthusiasm of writhing . so in 1919, mr shen went to beijing alone, andbegan his hard writing . after his series of works WEST OF HUNAN FRINGE TOWNwere punished, mr shen became nation -wide well -known.at that time, he was evenas famous as luxun, another famous auther in chiese literature area. its saidthat shencongwen is the one who is the most possible to win the prize.

mr shen devoted all his life to writing,his 5-million word works are thoughas the precious legacy to the world literature.meanwhile, these works are alsovery veluable date for researching the history of hunan province and evenchina.

New Yuanming Palace in the 2nd February 1997 formally completed and opened, it is located in the zhuhai jiuzhou avenue stone forest mountain, covers an area of 1.39 square kilometers, is the manuscript with the old Summer Palace in Beijing, according to the proportion of 1:1 selected the old Summer Palace built 18 of 40 landscape scene, investment 600 million yuan, is one of the first 4 a grade scenic spot in China. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and faces the south smooth and broad, fortunas lake water area of 80000 square meters.

New Yuanming Palace concentrated represent the grand momentum of yuanmingyuan imperial garden in Beijing, all landscape architecture are built according to the size of the original copy. Hall "legitimate", "taking jiuzhou qing", "peng YaoTai island", "penghu-glance wonderful scenery of" central axis for the royal palace buildings, central axis to the west is "the concept of well ying", "haiyantang" and "(" sea bright garden scenic area, around the breeze-ruffled lotus beside," skylight "up and down," the foundation ", "song music" and so on more than 10 Chinese jiangnan garden landscape architecture. It with its strong qing culture, fine elegant chic pavilion, table, floor, cabinet and majestic big dance performance attracts numerous tourists both at home and abroad.

The second opium war in 1860, British and French troops invaded Beijing, thought xianfeng emperor is still in the old Summer Palace, to the old Summer Palace as the attack target. Xianfeng, in fact as early as before the British and French troops into Beijing led a group of ministers to escape the jehol. The invaders into the palace to see solemn temple, magnificent pavilions, secluded gardens, immediately began to rob up. According to historical records, an intruder after entering the palace, also dont know what thing, have lost the gold, silver, in order to set with jewelry jade works of art, and he had lost his gold. Priceless porcelain and enamels, because too big cant move out, should be broken. Coalition after robbing the old Summer Palace is still not satisfied, and that can only be made in China and burning yuanmingyuan emperor shaking, biggest hits, so the British soldiers in their support of the government and public opinion to burning yuanmingyuan. In October 1860 a generation of famous finally reduced to ashes under the fire of the invaders. In human cultural history of the old Summer Palace burnt loss is immeasurable, the invaders not only destroyed the unique gardens in the world, and the large number of precious cultural relics and plunder abroad, a generation of famous only ruins left. Qing emperor after several generations, though still wanted to rebuild yuanmingyuan, but eventually because of domestically, national strength is insufficient, reconstruction have to fall by the wayside.

New Yuanming Palace combines classical imperial complex, jiangnan classical gardens, buildings and western buildings as a whole, for visitors to show the prosperous time qing dynasty elegance. West park, is the noble temperament of western buildings, white marble, delicate inside adornment, let you as if place oneself in Europe in the ancient palace.

Temple fair, jiuzhou feast scenic area layout solemn, founder, reflect the royal style, or show harem and free from vulgarity temperament; Yellow colored glaze appearance grand; Green coloured glaze is full of vitality; Purple coloured glaze spirits to ward off bad luck, it is no wonder that emperor qianlong had "carved painting, complacent hin huts meaning".

Ming new park has many tourists to participate in activities, ornamental. "Legitimate" emperor began to reign; "Jiuzhou characters" adaptation; "The song in" jiangnan silk; "Penghu-glance scenic spot" imperial concubines, wedding. "Qianlong jiangnan" swim airdropping lake big parade, visitors can experience to ride the dragon boat when "emperor", "the queen" feeling; A garden teahouse, lounge, book galleries, performances of folk artists to make you feel the Chinese culture has a long history. The garden every day "emperor", "qing dynasty palace anecdotes" and "imperial concubines" program performance, visitors can see the qing court etiquette.

Tourists friends:

You are good, welcome you to the north sea park visit tour.

Beihai park is located in the center of Beijing, is my garden extant most glorious, preserves one of most complete imperial garden, it has a history of nearly one thousand years

The development of the north sea garden started in liao dynasty, jin again on the foundation of liao dynasty start-up Yu Dading nineteen years (1179 years) to build great size too ning palace. So the kremlin lineage imperial gardens in China "a pool of three mountains" regulation, and move the bian city gen yue palace garden of taihu in jade island. To yuan four years (1267 years), back Kublai Khan etheric ning GongQiongHua island as the center construction, mostly jade island and the lake is classified as emperor, givennames longevity hill, too fluid pool in the eighteenth year of yongle (1420) Ming dynasty formally moved the capital Beijing, longevity hill, too fluid pool become YuYuan west of the Forbidden City, according to the west. In the Ming dynasty toward the south to develop the surface of the water, forming the pattern of the three sea. From the west in the Ming dynasty, qing dynasty qianlong period to massive rebuilding of the north sea, laid the scale and structure of ever since. After the xinhai revolution in 1925, the north sea park opening to the outside world. After new China was founded in 1949, the party and the government of the north sea park, attention to the protection of the huge sum of money to repair, in 1961 published by the state council as one of the first batch of dominated key cultural relics protection units.

The north sea is the art of Chinese historical gardens masterpiece. Dominated covers an area of 69 hectares, including the water of 39 hectares), is mainly composed of jade island, east and north shore scenic spot jade verdant trees on the island, the house has, pavilions, strewn at random have send, white tower stands a mountain, as the symbol of the park and around the weeping willows with city which lent, great rooms, original zhai, meditation, fast snow hall, the five dragon pavilions and the nine dragon screen, small buddhist paradise, and many other famous attractions, the north sea garden upholds hong kuo momentum of the north gardens and jiangnan private garden charm gracefuls and restrained is varied, and with the magnificent imperial palaces and religious temple solemn, diversity and one integrated mass, is the treasure of the Chinese garden art. The north sea is located in the northwest of Beijing the imperial palace, is the size of the existing in our country has a long history, magnificent ancient imperial palaces. Known as the world "XianShanQiongGe" here was the liao, jin, yuan, Ming and qing dynasty five dynasties royal "detached palace YuYuan Ming and qing dynasties, the north sea with China, the south China sea called the three hoi ching qianlong year large-scale expansion, the existing building is then built more, basically is the pattern of the now.

Beihai district can be divided into the jade island, TuanCheng, four north sea on the east and the north part of the center of the jade island is dominated, architecture, landscape on the island heavy and complicated and changeful, in eastern north sea surface is given priority to with the buddhist architecture, YongAnSi, enlightenment temple, tower, from bottom to top, strewn at random discretion, notably the towering pagoda is the most eye-catching; Such as floor of west yue heart temple, igawa clouds series construction is given priority to, otherwise read ancient building, ripple hall, double rainbow pavilions and many rockery tunnel, corridors, winding path construction, etc.

Many buildings on both sides of the north east, north, each has its own characteristics, there are original, city of lent, great and small buddhist paradise PuJian, meditation, such as five dragon pavilions and the nine dragon screen YuanZhongYuan and buddhist temple building north hainan to edgewater TuanCheng, standing in yongan bridge connected to the jade island; TuanCheng construction according to the central axis symmetry layout, main chengguang temple is located in the central, large scale, modelling is exquisite. Beihai park covers an area of 68 hectares, of which the surface of the water of 39 hectares total view of the north sea dominated architectural layout, the monastery as the center, take jade island as the main body of landscape in all directions. The top of the hill stands the white dagoba, built in the qing shunzhi eight years (in 1651), such as books and mantle around inside the lama DianGe is linked together, forming ZhongXingPengYue north shore of east lake, there are several yards, temple building near the lake if the five dragon pavilions like gone with the wind, constitutes the north sea and a unique landscape. Is located in the north shore of the nine dragon screen is majestic, for Chinas one of only three nine dragon screen "fangshan" to business in the garden of the qing dynasty palace is famous for its food.

About chongqing cities first. Billed as the "mountain city" of chongqing, really liked. The city built around the mountain, so the road is not like our suzhou made peace, but the ups and downs. There, you are hardly out of difficulty, is going downhill. If you want to compare the two houses of the high and low is very difficult, because that the foundations of the house were not the same level. Chongqing is a city on a three-dimensional, three-dimensional, once I was walking by the road, I saw a roadside hotel, went in to have a rest, drink a cup of coffee, that a stepped in, here is the 11th floor. Mentioned that the house, chongqing buildings more than suzhou, people walk in it, such as tunnel vision. Chongqing is a famous jiangbei, 26 meters high, that is the tallest building in the city of chongqing, but now surrounded by tall buildings, chicken is made a swoop. Chongqing night scene is beautiful, in the evening we go to the "tree" the view, standing on a mountain, the mountain city lights, hand in photograph reflect with river water. Which chongqing sheraton hotel building special type, like two big bamboo shoots, very funny.

Chongqing is famous for its food all over the world. Go to chongqing, my mother and I are deeply regrets, suzhou is really no good snacks. Chongqing cuisine stand much more special, variety, and the price is cheap. My mother and I all the way walk all the way to eat. I think is the most inexpensive corn crisp, 5 dollars can buy a big bag. I ate a lot of meat string, taste very sweet. The most memorable or old oil hot pot of chongqing. This hot pot we are in the roadside stalls to eat. The hot pot after nine, so also called scratchable latex hot pot. Put a lot of chili hot pot, but also good, no imagination of spicy. Hot pot in the old oil is really old, chopsticks dip out, have a few seconds, chopsticks, you married a thick layer of fat. Drop a drop of oil in the water, also like wax immediately condense into a block. It is said that the oil has been eaten N times, is not very health, but it tastes really good, we eat very comfortable.

Because of the time, we only went to the ChaoTianMen in town, the jiangbei, HongYa hole, arhat temple, 18 ladder. Arhat temple is the most fun, there is a 500 arhat hall, lohan, of different fun. I also calculate life there, it is said that will dry out a career, but fortune-teller warned me, cant fall in love before starting work, ha ha! We only went to the outside "tiankeng" (claims to be the worlds second-largest tiankeng group). There is very far away from chongqing, three hours drive, but impressive view, worth a visit.

Chongqing dialect also has distinguishing feature very much, we can only communicate in mandarin there, chongqing people can understand basic mandarin, but all say not standard, we must be prepared to fight often can understand. If you ask I want to go to chongqing, Ill answer loudly: "be!

Of all the distinguished visitors:

How do you do! Welcome to the ancient city of xi an, I am your tour guide in xian this time. My name is xu, everyone call me xu guide. Today visited the first scenic spot is one of the world heritage, the qin Terra Cotta Warriors. Scenic spot is located in xi an lintong, we take car is lintong county, about 40 minutes. Id like to mention of xi an, you will certainly think of unique chi toilet.

Ok, we have come to qin shihuang mausoleum, in order to get off, please. Do you know the history of the qin Terra Cotta Warriors? Originally previous dynasty, the emperors death is looking for some buried alive, then in the qin dynasty, a minister of emperor qin shi huang said: "previous dynasties but with buried the living. I think it is not very appropriate to you, let craftsmen create a made of dirt that you have conquered, invincible army How" Qin shi huang think this idea is very good, agreed. In fact, if it werent for the time of qin shi huang, a nod today just see this vision spectacular terracotta army. Large scale of the Terra Cotta Warriors. Has discovered three pit, with a total area of nearly 20xx0 square meters, nearly 50 of the basketball court at ordinary times, about 8000 pit with the warriors.

Now we came to the place is, the no. 1 pit is the largest of three pits, a pit is 230 meters long, north and south 62 meters wide, with a total area of 14260 square meters, you see all ordered three pits with a total area of more than half! Since area is so big, so the number is also very much, more than 6000. Above the no. 1 pit has built up a huge vaulted hall, came into the hall we can admire the touring, when visiting, also want to pay attention to safety!

You see, the burly, wearing a part, wearing armor, sword in hand, self-respect is the general figures. Some poses, eyes, a look at will know that is a battle-hardened, accountable; Some is a moment low eyebrow, thoughtful, as if considering if combat, defeat the enemy. Is full of commander manner.

Art field is located in gold, Chang second between the official figure. Landscape bright, style simple, more to save the pattern of the early days. With its high historical and artistic value. Dominated have only about five acres, centered on accounts for about one 5 of the water. Water concentration, the southeast and southwest two horns, each have water bay stretched out, and on the nozzle shape different masonry bridge, so the surface appear open flow, no sense of congestion constraint. The water of the north building, boya main hall hall for the garden, the south has a small courtyard, a lake rock flowers, courtyard south LinChi, built waterside pavilion 5, on both sides of the wing is connected to the east, and west sides of the water wing.

The water of the south as the rockery, mound, in the place, with lake stone fold into a precipice, diameter, change more and more natural. In pool looks at here, the north rock mountain, lush trees, give a person with the beauty of the under well, mountain forest of, become the main places of the garden. Such as water, stone, unique combination of technique, commonly used by suzhou Ming and qing dynasties generation home gardening, determining the nature and strive to go beyond nature. Have milk fish pavilion, e of water system in the Ming dynasty relic, a path and everywhere is same. The water of the west, qin lu, small courtyard to round David connected to other scenic spot and apart. Into the gates, that the courts have small pool, with a big pool. It also belongs to the outlier in the suzhou gardens. The courts scattered stone flowers and trees, the lake for the retreat in the park.

Former Ming Wen Zhenmeng (Wen Zhiming great-grandson of medicine field, change, placed at the beginning of the qing dynasty, also called JingTing mountain house. Area of about 5 acres, now generally still remain in the Ming dynasty and early qing. Art field plane are slightly north and south long and narrow rectangle, north of the courtyard, is composed of the main hall of boya hall and waterside pavilion; Cut pool, the central area of about one mu for dominated the center, the surface concentration, southeast and southwest have water bay, on the structure low stone bridge. In addition to the north for the waterside pavilion revetment, the remaining pool shore flexor nature, while the pool surface from nearby for low small building is open, take nets garden. Fanaw stacking rockery, structure bridge pavilion, southwest a rear yard. ChiBeiAn five waterside pavilion, low floating in waves, both sides has a separate buildings.

The elevation of all these buildings occupy the pool in the north, which are rare in the suzhou gardens. Stone angeles fanaw near water, followed by heap heaped-up mountains, mountain near water side wall lake stone with the dangerous path. Southwest hospital with wall, water diversion bay in the small pond, stone mountain also delay pulse at this point. Courtyard west hall, between two weeks column stone lake, cultivation of camellia, magnolia flower, see a new world. Pool pavilion, southeast of fish for traces of Ming dynasty. Next to its slow QuShiQiao that also belongs to the early days, is very precious.

Art nursery for suzhou cultural relics protection units. Has been UNESCO world cultural heritage.