洛阳白马寺的英文导游词（合集20篇）

Welcome to here, let me to introduce for everybody!

Wild goose pagoda is located in the southern suburbs within the temple, is the national famous ancient buildings, is regarded as the symbol of the ancient capital of xi an. It was said that tangs monk came back from the experiences of India (ancient tianzhu), specializing in translation and the scriptures. Because imitation Indian wild goose pagoda style of the wild goose pagoda. Since then in changan jianfu temple built a small wild goose pagoda, to distinguish, people are often given, jianfu temple tower called the small wild goose pagoda, has spread so far. Wild goose pagoda square plane, built on a party about 45 meters, about 5 meters high stylobate. Seven layers, the bottom side length of 25 meters, from the ground to the top of the tower is 64 meters high. The towers are built with bricks, ground brick for seam strong anomalies. Tower with stairs, can be upwards. Each layer all around a arch form, and can be trapped. Changan view panoramic view. The bottom of the tower is shek mun, have fine lines on the door mast carved Buddha, for big has write in tang dynasty. Within the recess on either side of the tower, the south gate brick, with one of the four famous calligrapher in b on the book of tang monk st preface to teach and the Assyrian monk holy teaching sequence, two pieces of stone tablets. War after tang dynasty, temple, the house burned down, only the wild goose pagoda stand alone.

Another story: the wild goose pagoda was built in the tang Gao Zongyong badge for three years, because of located within the temple, so The tower also known as temple. Temple is the tang dynasty twenty-two years (648) prince Li Zhi reading his mother queen wants to chase. Wild goose pagoda built in only five layer. Wu zetian was rebuilt, and later after numerous repairs. The tower is now seven layers, a total of 64 meters, square pyramid shaped. The tower for the blue brick flies in the build by laying bricks or stones becomes, the layers of wall column fang, bar and so on wood structure. Each layer all around has coupons masonry arch. This in the 2-foot-tall tower, modelling concise, magnificence, is a masterpiece of buddhist art in China. Wild goose pagoda, on both sides of the south gate to the inlaid with b, a famous calligrapher write two pieces of stone tablets of the tang dynasty. One is the preface to tang monk SAN teaching; Another piece is the emperor tang from the teaching sequence, the tang monk holy. A beautiful monument side creeping weed decorative pattern, design, modelling is vivid. These are the research in the tang dynasty calligraphy, painting, sculpture art important cultural relics. Big temple is the most famous and most HongLi Tang Changan city buddhist temple, it is built in the tang dynasty royal decree.

Longevity monk xuan zang, once conducted temple service here and get a tube of sutras translation field, founded Buddhism sect. He personally DuZao temple pagoda is. So big temple has a very prominent position in the history of Chinese doctrines, has been brought to the attention of the domestic and foreign.

Temple gate, the bell and drum tower confrontation. Bell and drum is a temple on the REINS, vulgar said the morning bell and evening drum reminders. The east tower in suspension in the Ming dynasty iron bell, weight thirty thousand jins, three meters. Students in tang dynasty, after the exceeded otherregions jinshi to jion tower under the title, "the wild goose pagoda" title ", after turned lineage. The tang dynasty painter wu daoxuan, wang wei has been for the temple murals, such as precious little already annihilation. But in the wild goose pagoda, stone of four door lintel, door frame, has kept the fine line in the tang dynasty. Westone lintel carved palace figure of the lines is particularly valuable.

The wild goose pagoda, a monks tomb tower group. Six of them are built in the qing dynasty. Ursa major palace is is the center of the temple buildings, there are three bodies like the Buddha, bodhisattva, and arhat clay sculpture. Is the chanting of course. Dharma is a lecture that place. Hall with amitabha Buddha statue.

Today CiSi temple is the scale since the Ming dynasty, the temple of the temple is the construction of the late qing dynasty. Now after repair of great wild goose pagoda, the majestic, ancient pagoda temple, the temple incense incense, garden flowers bloom, which is a special attract domestic and foreign tourists to visit.

Tourists friends, everybody! Welcome you to hefei to participate in the tour. Is a great pleasure to serve as your guide, I show you appreciate the charm of hefei humanities landscape, have a good time together.

Hefei, has a long history, called LuZhou, also known as LuYang, located in central anhui province, is located in the north shore between jianghuai, chaohu, east city, west city, 4 areas in the city, the suburb and changfeng, FeiDong, FeiXi 3 counties. The city of a total area of 7266 (458) square kilometers and a population of 425.9 127.94 (city). City road wide, tree-lined, beautiful scenery, many modern buildings, places of interest, is an ancient and young city.

As the capital of anhui province, hefei is the provinces political, economic, science and education, culture, information, finance, trade center and transportation hub, is also the national grade a open city, the national important scientific research and education base, with China university of science and technology and so on more than 30 universities. High-tech industrial park, the synchrotron radiation laboratory and other renowned Chinese and foreign.

"The name, hefei". Northern wei li daoyuans "water the note" : "the summer water surge, for at shi, the yue at." Usually called shi water nanfeihe river, water is called east fei rivers, this is a saying. One suggested another way of saying that in the tang dynasty, at the water out of the mountain chicken calls, 20 miles points north flow into two, one of the southeast flow (nanfeihe river), passing through into the chaohu lake; One (east fei rivers), northwest ShouChun into the huaihe river in two hundred. The journal, it is pointed out that "belong to different with yue fat". Two water are at, suitable for a source, points to two, yue in hefei.

Hefei notoriously, the hometown of the triple return, bao zheng, at the world, with "huai right inner pipes, jiangnan lips" strategic position, often for the mohican. In The Three Kingdoms wei will zhang liao defeat sun quan xiaoyao jin comply to the army battle, namely happen here. More than two thousand years ago, had begun to form business will be here. Qin and han in the county, the Ming and qing for LuZhou FuZhi, republic of China, is the capital of anhui province, is now thousand Qiang scale times, merchants radial business will be.

Hefei, known as "green city", "garden city" reputation, the ring park was built on the basis of the ancient city walls, hefei hill along the undulating hills, the terrain, together with the original green belt and the moat, fine building. Total length of about 9 km, ring park is divided into six scenic area, among the more famous south, Xia He morning dew of the Milky Way area; Lake mountain set each other off, water, green maple red xishan scenic spot; Trees, lawns evergreen HuanBei scenic spot. This ring park, without a gap of the wall surface of water, and a fascinating scenic jiangnan scenery.

Hefei economy by leaps and bounds in recent years, urban construction changes with each passing day, the five flying things over, LuZhou colorful lights. High and new technology development zone, economic and technological development zone, longgang industrial zone surrounding the Mosaic. Through the city at the water park around the city like a jade necklace; Free and unfettered ancient ferry, hatosy xiuse, yao hai park such as pearl strew; Of shushan chunxiao, bao cemetery, teach crossbow traces of brahman clocks, prince, roaming, meanwhile, ancient theory today, make people linger on.

Hefei many places of interest. Once upon a time, there was the town huai Angle of rhyme, the buddhist temple bell, hidden boat grass color, teach crossbow SongYin, of shushan xue ji, huai PuChunRong, chaohu night, four top sunglow eight place, generally referred to as the "LuYang eight sights". The chaohu lake night, four sunglow scene, such as has not in hefei; Town huai Angle of rhyme, etc, because over time, things change, has collapsed, become history. Now the places of interest to teach crossbows, zoroastrianism temple, free ferry, bao temple, etc. The most famous.

Hefei the jie people spirit, celebrities, star turning, reform and opening up to hefei has brought a new era. Today, guided by positive science city, industrial city, garden city, rewarded brand-new posture, smile to maintaining truthful to meet, know more friends all over the world.

Friends, the hefei visit is coming to an end today, welcome you and your friend come again pingwu and sightseeing. Wish you a happy life.

上海人民广场英文讲解导游词

上海人民广场被誉为“城市绿肺”的人民广场位于市中心，是一个金融行政、文化、交通、商业为一体的园林式广场。下面是小编为大家收集的关于上海人民广场英文讲解导游词，欢迎大家阅读!

上海人民广场英文讲解导游词

Brief：

Peoples Square is the biggest public square in Shanghai. It is an awesome area to visit while in Shanghai and it’s a great place to go and see how the people of Shanghai are.

It is the city’s center of politics, economy, culture and art with a group of magnificent buildings like museum, the exhibition hall, and the grand theater.

The crystal-like theater is especially beautiful at night with lights on.

History:

In concession days, together with People’s Park next door, it was a racecourse.

After liberation in 1949, the northern part of the racecourse was built into today’s People Park and the southern part, into the People’s Square.

Location：

Located in downtown Shanghai, the People Square is the largest public square.

Transportation:

Under the Square is a large central Metro station where the No.1 and 2 metro lines meet.

Within the station itself are two modern marketplaces: one features popular stores from the Hong Kong, and the other is the Dimei underground market.

Fountain

In the center of the square is a 320 sq. meter fountain，named the “Light of the Huangpu River”. It is the first giant music-synchronized "dancing" fountain in the country. Red, blue and yellow sculptures in the fountain portray a beautiful, glowing display, creating a grand sight for those who visit the area.

There are two small squares beside the central square. The east square is called the Rising Sun Square; the west is called the Bright Moon Square.

Transportation:

Under the Square is a large central Metro station where the No.1 and 2 metro lines meet.

Within the station itself are two modern marketplaces: one features popular stores from the Hong Kong, and the other is the Dimei underground market.

Pigeons

Southwest of the square is a beautiful blue and white home for pigeons! Thousands of pigeons fly from their house to the Squares lawn to meet tourists each day. Their coming promotes a feeling of peace and serenity to all that visit the area.

Spots brief:

To the north of the Square stands a grand building, the City Hall (the Municipal Government Building of Shanghai).

The Shanghai Museum is located south of the Square and directly faces the City Hall.

The beautiful Shanghai Grand Theatre is situated in the northwest part of the Square, and is close to the Government Building.

To the northeast of the Square is the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall.

Shanghai Gallery.

Shanghai Museum

Brief:

Shanghai Museum is a must-see for foreign visitors to Shanghai.

Shanghai Museum is especially famous for its treasures of bronzes, ceramics, Chinese calligraphy and traditional paintings.

Location:

The Shanghai Museum is situated in the heart of People’s Square. Opposite to the City Hall and is surrounded by the moon and sun Corridor.

History:

It was built in the 1930s, formerly occupied by Zhong Hui Bank owned by a Shanghai celebrity Yuesheng Du. In 1952, it was converted into a museum. The new museum building was erected in September 1994 and most of the facilities were installed in 1995. It was entirely opened on October 12 in 1996. The five big gilt characters on the lintel were written by Yi Chen, the first mayor of Shanghai after the founding of new China.

With a collection of over 120,000 pieces of cultural relics in 12 categories, including bronze, ceramics (pottery and porcelain ware), calligraphy, paintings, jade and ivory ware, numismatics, furniture, seal carvings, sculptures, arts and crafts and costumes of Chinese minorities, Shanghai Museum is especially famous for its collection of bronzes, ceramics, paintings and calligraphy. And there is also a special gallery of donated relics and three temporary exhibition halls.

With a collection of over 120,000 pieces of cultural relics in 12 categories, including bronze, ceramics (pottery and porcelain ware), calligraphy, paintings, jade and ivory ware, numismatics, furniture, seal carvings, sculptures, arts and crafts and costumes of Chinese minorities, Shanghai Museum is especially famous for its collection of bronzes, ceramics, paintings and calligraphy. And there is also a special gallery of donated relics and three temporary exhibition halls.

Appearance

As you view Shanghai Museum from a distance in People’s Square, you will find that the building itself is a work of art, featuring multiple orientations, multi-visual angles and many distinctive characteristics. The elegant construction perfectly combines traditional cultural themes with modern technological innovation. The building uses a round top section to symbolize heaven and a square base representing the earth, implying the Chinese traditional expression of “a round heaven and a square earth”. It is 24 meters high with sever floors, two are underground and five above, covering a total area of 38,000 sqm.

Shanghai Museum has installed advanced security and fire alarm systems, educational services, a computerized library and an automation system. Besides this, Shanghai Museum has facilities for multimedia guide, an information center, a High Definition Graphics system, an audio tour, the lecture room equipped with a system of spontaneous interpretation. You can check out a device that allows you to hear a description of an item after punching in the item number. The audio tour is available in eight languages. The library in the museum has 200,000 volumes of books in collection.

Shanghai Museum has installed advanced security and fire alarm systems, educational services, a computerized library and an automation system. Besides this, Shanghai Museum has facilities for multimedia guide, an information center, a High Definition Graphics system, an audio tour, the lecture room equipped with a system of spontaneous interpretation. You can check out a device that allows you to hear a description of an item after punching in the item number. The audio tour is available in eight languages. The library in the museum has 200,000 volumes of books in collection.

Shanghai Grand Theatre

Location:

Shanghai Grand Theatre is located to the west of the City Hall in the People’s Square, the citys heart. The Shanghai Grand Theatre occupies an area of 2.1 hectares, facing the Peoples Boulevard in the south. With its unique style and beautiful outlook, the theatre has become a representative building in Shanghai.

History and brief intro:

It is opened to the public on August 27, 1998.The Shanghai Grand Theatre has successfully staged such shows and evenings as operas, musicals, ballets, symphonies, chamber music concerts, spoken drama and the Chinese operas. It has a high reputation both at home and abroad as many high officials and VIPs, both domestic and international, gave the highest praises of the theatre for its perfect combination of art and architecture.

Appearance:

With a total construction area of 62,803 square meters and a total height of 41 meters, the Shanghai Grand Theatre has 10 storeys, 2 for underground, 6 for above ground and 2 top floors. The new style architecture combines the Eastern and Western flavor together. The theatre represents a fine integration of new technology, new craft and new material. It looks like a crystal palace in the light at night.

The lobby of Shanghai Grand Theatre is approximate 2019 square meters with the white as its main tone, which signifies elegant and pure. The floor is made of a rare marble called "Greece Crystal White".

Function:

The Shanghai Grand Theatre has three theatres, a 1,800 seats main theatre for ballet, opera and symphony performances, this lyric theatre is divided into the auditorium, the 2nd-floor, the 3rd-floor and six balconies. The drama theatre has 750 seats and the studio theatre has 300 seats.

In addition to performances, the Shanghai Grand Theatre has a restaurant for tourists with an area of 1,600 square meters and a shopping center for audio-video products with an area of 2,500 square meters. Also there are VIP lounge, which is for government officials to meet world-famous artists and performing groups.

Now it has become an important window of cultural exchange between China and the world and a bridge of artistic ommunication.

Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall

Location:

It is located in the east of the City Hall.

Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall has a total floor space of 19 thousand square meters. It fully displays the achievements of Shanghai in city planning and construction and embodies the theme of “city, man, environment, and development”. The Exhibition Hall adopts modern exhibition technology and uses high-tech to achieve an integration of professionalism, knowledge, interest, and art, giving stress to the exhibition of the future of the city. Citizens and tourists can see the changes of the leased territory, the vicissitudes of the Bund, the achievements of Shanghai in urban planning and construction ever since the reform and opening-up of the country, in particular, since the 1990s, and the rapid changes of the Pudong New Area. Above all, they can see the bright future of Shanghai there. The main model of urban planning, which is in the proportion of 1:2019, exhibits the urban geography and scenery in an extent of a hundred and more square meters within the inner elevated ring road. It is the world’s biggest model of urban planning.

This amazing building contains an incredibly accurate model of the city in a couple of decades, complete with every tiny little detail and every single building! The model is huge and incredible. There is also a super-cool rotating statue of Shanghais modern buildings in the lobby.

各位游客朋友们大家好~欢迎大家走近黄河母亲的怀抱，领略中原八千年的文明，感受华夏古今的沧桑。

河南省位于祖国中东部的中原腹地，因为大部分地区位于黄河以南，古称“河南”，简称“豫”，又有中原中州之称。自古就说“得中原者的天下，游中原者知中华”。河南省全省面积为16、7万平方公里，全省人口近1亿人口。这样的一个人口大省，主要是以农业为主，用这丰富的农副产品资源。

河南不仅是一个农业大省，还是一个旅游资源大省，当上海的导游用“大、洋、挤、全”来介绍上海时，云南的导游用“美丽、富饶、古老、神奇”来慨括云南的美丽风光时，我们河南的导游也不逊色，我们则是用“古、河、拳、根、花”这五个大字来形容我们河南丰富的旅游资源。“古”是指河南的社会发展史是中国发展史的缩影，在中国5000多年的文明史，有4000多年的时间，河南的政治、经济、文化的中心都是在中原地区。“河”当然要指黄河，它作为中华民族的母亲何，无论是从自然景观还是人文内涵上，都以河南段最为特色。“拳”是指少林拳和太极拳，他们作为中华武术的两个最有影响力的流派，是河南得天独厚的旅游产品，是弘扬中华武术，促进对外交流有着很大的推动作用。“根”是指河南是我国姓氏的发源地，在中国100个大姓中，其中有73个大姓是源于河南或者部分源头在河南。“花”当然是指洛阳牡丹和开封菊花，每年一度的牡丹花会和菊花花会都会吸引着四面八方的游客纷纷至此。

好了朋友们，现在我们的车已经驶入焦作市市区了，焦作市今天的天气是多云转晴，最低温度是16度。最高温度是23度，是一个有利于外出和户外活动的好天气。朋友们现在我们的车所行驶的这条路是解放路，它贯穿了焦作市的四个区，是焦作市最繁华，最长的路段。焦作市是一个山美水美，环境优美的地方，并且这里的物价也不是很高，所以如果在座的朋友以后又向搬迁或者移居地，那焦作市一定是大家的首选之地。来焦作旅游，就有三个不得不去的地方，第一个是中央电视台焦作影视城、第二个是龙源湖乐园，那么第三个无疑就是今天我们要去参观的云台山风景区，云台山风景区是国家重点风景名胜区，国家4A级景区。国家森林公园，国家地质公园，国家水利风景名胜区，国家猕猴保护区，集六个国家级于一体的风景区名胜区，在这里常年云雾缭绕，故名“云台山”。云台山最高峰是茱萸峰，它就像一口锅覆盖在太行山，又称为”覆釜山”，覆是覆盖的意思，釜是锅的意思。

朋友今天我们要去参观的是云台山温盘峪、子房湖景区，老潭沟、小寨沟景区，明天我要去的就是茱萸峰，叠彩洞景区，以上这些就是我们在云台山的游览的大致行程安排，若您有什么建议和意见，您尽管可以向我提出。

朋友还有几分钟我们就要到云台山风景区了，请大家收拾下自己的行李，不过在到达景区之前还得向大家唠叨几句：因为云台山山高路陡，所以请各位游客一定要注意安全，在走路的时候不观景，在观景的时候不走路，还有云台山是一个无烟区，在这里当然是不允许的抽烟的，如果有游客在景区抽烟被发现了，那您就的为您的特殊消费买单了。

好了朋友们，云台山景区到了，请大家带好自己的随身贵重物品随我一同下车吧。

Dear friends

Hello, everyone. On behalf of Jingshan travel agency, I welcome you all. Myname is Yu Ping. You can call me Xiao Yu. Im glad to serve you. If you have anyquestions, please feel free to raise them. As long as they are reasonable andpossible, I will try my best to solve them for you. Next, Ill take you toXiangshan scenic spot. I hope my explanation can satisfy you. I also wish youhave a good time there!

Todays tour route is arranged as follows: first, we mainly visit Longquanpark. Starting from the gate of Longquan Park, we go directly to the bonsaigarden. Then we go to the beautiful civilized lake to see the cultural relicsthere. Finally, we go up to Laolaizi villa, the founder of Taoist school.

Longquan park is a new comprehensive park with a planning area of 78hectares. It was built in 1986 and opened in early 1987. It is a newcomprehensive park with historical and cultural connotation as the backgroundand rich cultural landscape as a whole. In 1999, it ranked among the "100 famousgardens in China". We are now walking on the main road of the park. The locationof the park is the amusement park. There are more than 30 kinds of gamefacilities in the amusement park, which can meet the needs of tourists ofdifferent ages. In front of us on the left, you can see a Wenfeng tower, builtin the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. The whole tower has fivefloors and eight sides, with cornices on each floor and niches on each other.The stone carving on the tower wall is unique. After seeing Wenfeng tower, wecame to the bonsai garden. The whole basin garden covers an area of 1 hectare,which is the garden of Longquan park. Now lets take a look in the garden. Thecypress tree in front of us, which is more than 20 meters high, was transplantedfrom Jingshan mountain in the spring of 1999 in Longquan Park in order torestore the Tangan ancient cypress landscape.

If Xiangshan scenic spot is a bright pearl embedded in Jingmen City, thenWenming lake is an emerald in Longquan park. Wenming lake is as clear as amirror, rippling green waves, 50 meters wide from east to west, 200 meters longfrom north to south, and 3 meters deep. It was built by Shu Chenglong, thegovernor of Jingmen Prefecture, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.The low-lying land excavated by stone quarrying along the mountain was renovatedand diked. It has a history of more than 250 years. The water of civilized lakeis warm in winter and cool in summer. Every morning in winter, the lake is foggyand never frozen.

The bridge we see now is the Qinghe bridge, where the story of Yang Youji,a famous general of the state of Chu, duels with Yin, an order of the state ofChu. In 605 B.C., when Yang Youji served as the commander of the Guard Academyof King Zhuang of Chu, the state of Chu ordered Yin doujiao to revolt. Then KingZhuang of Chu sent Yang Youji to duel with him by arrow. The place was at theQinghe bridge. Yang Youjis arrow technique was very powerful. With one arrow,he shot doujiao in the throat and easily pacified the rebellion. We Jingmenlocal opera and this

The traditional play is called "Qinghe bridge comparing arrows"

Next, please follow me to visit the four springs of dragon, Mongolia, Huiand Shun in the north corner of civilized lake.

This is Huiquan. Huiquan is warmer in winter, because it benefits thepeople, so it is called Huiquan. Longquan was named Longquan by Shu Chenglong,the governor of Jingmen, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Mengquan is the first spring in Xiangshan, because it nestles at the footof Mengshan, so it gets its name. You can see that the place where the waterflows is the spring eye. The flow of Mengquan is the largest and the clearest ofthe four springs. It is warm in winter and cool in summer. In addition todragon, Mengquan and Hui, there is a Shunquan in the courtyard of the watersupply company.

As the saying goes: "if the mountain is not high, there will be immortals;if the water is not deep, there will be dragons." Although Laolaizi villa is notbig, it is famous. It is a famous philosopher and founder of Taoist school inthe spring and Autumn period. Lao laizi lived in seclusion in the manor where hecultivated and respected his parents. It has a history of more than 2500 years.Laolaizi villa, where we are now, was rebuilt in 1933, covering an area of 2500square meters.

Laolaizi is one of the "twenty four filial piety" in Chinese folklore. Itis said that when he lived in seclusion in Mengshan, King Hui of Chu came toJingmen to invite him out of the mountain to serve the increasingly powerfulstate of Chu because he valued his knowledge and noble character. However,because Laolaizi was tired of competing for power in the world, he refused thehigh official position of the king of Chu and lived in seclusion with his wifeand children.

The twenty four filial piety wax museum here shows us the story oftwenty-four filial sons known to women and children in Chinese history in arealistic way. These filial sons, from the emperor to the people, show thetraditional virtue of respecting the old and loving the young of the Chinesepeople in spite of their different status. Please see, this is Lao laizis waxfigure. Lao laizi is 70 years old. In order to win the joy of his aging parents,he deliberately wears childrens clothes, plays with some gadgets, and plays infront of his parents, pretending to be innocent. He also deliberately broughtwater to the hall and pretended to fall in front of his parents, which made themlaugh. This is the story of "Lao Lai Banyi, being filial to his parents" whichhas been popular among the people for thousands of years.

All right, friends, give you half an hour of free time. Well meet here atfour oclock.

Good time always makes people feel short, our tour of Xiangshan is over sosoon. Thank you very much for your support and cooperation in my work. If I haveanything wrong, please criticize and correct me. I hope to meet you again in thefuture. Finally, I wish you all good health and all the best. bye.

洛阳世界文化遗产龙门石窟导游词范文

龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，现为世界文化遗产、全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区，下面第一范文网小编为大家带来了洛阳世界文化遗产龙门石窟导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助!

世界遗产--龙门石窟导游词

女士们、先生们，大家早上好!俗话说“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”!首先对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎，我是咱们此次旅行的导游员钱宸琦，大家能够叫我小钱或钱导，我很荣幸也很乐意为大家服务，如果大家有什么问题都能够提出，我会尽可能满足大家的合理要求。

相聚是一种缘分，我期望大家在相聚的日子里相互关心相互爱护，注意安全，为这段旅程留下一个完美而难忘的回忆。

大家都明白，我国有四大石刻艺术宝库。它们分别为甘肃敦煌的莫高窟，山西大同的云冈石窟，甘肃天水的麦积山石窟，而另一个呢，就是我们这天要去参观的龙门石窟了。

龙门石窟位于洛阳市南13公里处，由两山组成，一山为香山，因古代的时候，山上长有一种含香味的植物而得名。另一座为西山，是我们这天参观的主要景点。大多的造像，洞窟，刻碑，都是建在西山上的。相传两山本为一座山，大禹治水时，嫌其阻水淹田，就用一把大斧子把它劈成了两半，于是就成了两座山。

龙门石窟，在北魏太和年间(447-499)北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳前后就在此营建，经历了众多的朝代，开凿时光长达400多年之久，距今已有1500多年的历史了。现有佛像十万余尊，佛窟，佛龛2100多个，碑刻题记3600多块，洞内造像多为唐代河北魏时期开凿的、其中唐代占三分之二，北魏占三分之一，

龙门石窟是我国古代莫北人民智慧的结晶，艺术实践的结果，堪称我国雕刻艺术宝库，为研究我国古代历史，文化，佛教，雕刻，服饰带给了极为丰富的资料，它是佛教流传到我国后，与中国文化相结合的典范。

朋友们，此刻大家已经来到龙门石窟北端第一大窟，钱西寺，这是唐高宗初年雕凿的一个洞窟，洞中主佛是阿弥托佛，她面部丰满，双肩宽厚，衣纹整洁流畅，主佛左侧是大弟子家业，右侧为小弟子阿难，两第子两侧分别为观音菩萨和大势至菩萨，钱西寺洞高19米，大势至菩萨是龙门石窟雕刻中最精美的雕像之一，雕像躯体比例适中，丰满敦厚，表情文雅文静，开起盛唐时期那种丰满，典雅的造型风格的序曲。

此刻我们面前的三座洞窟合称宾阳三洞，以中洞为代表，它是北魏宣武帝为他的父亲孝文帝和母亲文昭皇后做功德而建，洞中三壁早三连像，从南到北依次为过去连佛燃灯佛，此刻连佛释迦牟尼和弥勒佛，完成于六世纪中叶，显示了我国石窟艺术发展的高超水平。

前面那便是石佛洞，洞内两侧雕刻有整齐排列的15000尊小佛。石佛洞即由此得名，是龙门石窟中造像组最完整的洞窟之一。

沿着台阶而上，此刻我们看到的是凤先寺，它是龙门石窟中规模最大，唐代雕刻艺术中最具有代表性的作品，洞中主佛卢舍那大佛，通高有17。14米，，头高4米，身长7。9米，是龙门石窟中最大的雕像。

大家请看那佛首微垂，呈俯视状，下垂的目光，似在关注着大千世界的芸芸众生，少中的俯首和下垂的目光是整个卢舍那大佛的精髓所在，更是雕塑的画龙点睛之笔，卢舍那大佛的双目，利用光的折射使用阴刻的刀法把眼球雕刻成前凹进去，而又持续着瞳孔部分的凸出，利用光线的反差，也就早就出了大佛睿智深邃的目光，他那智慧的目光，恰好和朝拜者虔诚的目光交汇可引起人们感情上的震撼，凤先寺的整个布局好像是黄氏在预兆文武百官的场面，它既是盛唐雕刻艺术的代表，又是人类美术史上的杰作，具有永恒的艺术魅力和美学价值!

好了，各位游客，这天的讲解就到那里，下方留给两个小时的自由参观时光，两个小时之后我们在龙门石窟全场留念。

洛阳龙门石窟导游词

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

洛阳，素称“九朝古都”，但实际上先后有十三个朝代在此建都。洛阳作为都城，前后历时1520xx年，是中国七大古都中建都时光最早、朝代最多、历史最长的古都。

距市区13公里的龙门是洛阳南面的天然门户，那里两岸香山、龙门山对立，伊水中流，远望就象天然的门阙一样。因此自春秋战国以来，那里就获得了一个形象化的称谓“伊阙”。隋炀帝都洛阳，因宫城城门产正对伊阙，古代帝王又以真龙天子自居，因此得名“龙门”，“龙门”之名即延用至今。举世闻名的龙门石窟就雕刻在伊河两岸的山崖上，南北长约1公里。从北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳时开始营造，经过东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐、延至北宋，累计大规模开凿约四百余年，现存窟龛2345个，碑刻题记2800余块，佛塔70余座，造像近11万尊。其窟龛、造像和题记数量之多，居中国石窟之冠，与敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟并称为中国三大佛教艺术宝库。中华人民共和国国务院于1961年确定龙门石窟为全国第一批重点文物保护单位。20xx年11月，联合国教科文组织第24届世界遗产委员透过列入《世界遗产名录》。

龙门石窟是中国古代封建政权凌驾于佛教之上的宗教艺术，由于魏、唐两代皇室的参与而构成了龙门石窟皇家风范的重要特色，许多窟龛或造象的兴废变迁都与当时的政治形势变化有着密切关系。

“龙门山色”自古即为洛阳八景之首。北魏以来，那里松柏苍翠，寺院林立，到唐代有十寺最为有名。山脚处泉水汩汩，伊水碧波荡漾，唐代时行船往来，穿梭其中。精美的雕像与青山绿水交相辉映，构成了旖旎葱茏，。钟灵毓秀的龙门山色。伊阙风光。中国古代历史上曾有许多文人墨客，帝王将相，高僧大德徜徉于此，赋诗吟诵。唐代大诗人白居易“洛都四郊山水之胜，龙门首焉;龙门十寺观游之胜，香山首焉”的佳句，声名远扬，今诵尤新。

潜溪寺朋友们，下方我们将参观龙门石窟西山北端第一个大窟潜溪寺。潜溪寺为唐高宗初年雕造。洞内造像为一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王。主像阿弥陀佛居中而坐，身体各部比例匀称，面容丰满，胸部隆起，表情静穆慈祥。两侧观世音、大势至菩萨体躯比例适中，丰满敦厚，表情温雅文静，富于人情味，揭示了唐初雕刻艺术的长足发展。阿弥陀佛和观世音、大势至菩萨合称为“西方三圣”，是佛教净土宗供奉的偶像。

隋唐时代是中国佛教发展的又一个繁盛期。佛教学风在“破斥南北、禅义均弘”形势下，南北佛教徒们不断的交流和互相影响，完成了对以前各种佛教学说的概括和总结，从而使佛教中国化的趋向更加明显，也使佛教造像艺术充满了清新与活力。因此，在造像艺术上发生了不一样于北魏时代造像风格的变化，潜溪寺中的造像已揭开了盛唐那种丰腴、典雅的造像风格的序曲。

宾阳中洞北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后，实行了好处重大、比较彻底的汉化改革，历史上称为“孝文改制”。由最高统治者实行的政治上的改革必然对当时皇家贵族发愿开凿的佛教石窟造像有必须影响。下方我们将参观的宾阳中洞的造像风格和服饰就是孝文帝改制在文化上的反映。

朋友们，此刻我们面前的这三座洞窟合称为宾阳三洞。宾阳三洞因统一规划、有计划开凿且并排布局而得名。这三座洞窟从公元520xx年开凿直到520xx年停工，历时长达20xx年还未完工，史书记载用工多达80多万。中间的为宾阳中洞，是北魏宣武帝为其父母孝文帝及文昭皇太后祈福做功德而开凿。洞中三壁造三世佛，从南向兹依次为过去世燃灯佛、此刻世佛释迦牟尼和未来世佛弥勒佛。

宾阳中洞的窟顶是穹隆形，好像蒙古包的顶部，地面雕刻着大型莲花，周边是莲花花瓣、水波纹和其它装饰图案，如同鲜艳美丽的地毯式样貌。这种形式使人很自然联想起北方游牧民族的生活。

主佛释迦牟屁，造像手法已和北魏鲜卑族拓拔部固有的粗犷敦厚之风有所不一样，而是吸收了中原地区汉民族文化的成分和当时南朝所流行的“清瘦俊逸”的风尚，构成了迁都洛阳后佛教造像“秀骨清像”的艺术形式。主佛体态修长，面容清瘦，眉目疏朗，嘴角上翘，表情温和，神采飘逸。服饰已脱去了云冈石窟中双领下垂式袈裟和偏袒右肩式袈裟，改为中原地区褒衣博带的形式，衣裙下部雕作羊肠纹拖在基座前部，一层一层折叠着。这种雕造风格迅速在全国流行开，成为北魏时期佛教艺术中国化、民族化的造像特色。

这种造像手法与现实生活中的人物形象接近了许多，正是孝文帝改制在龙门石窟造像上的反映。

中洞窟门内前壁两侧下层各有一幅大型浮雕，北为孝文帝及侍从礼佛图，南为文昭皇太后及嫔妃礼佛图。这两幅作品，精美绝伦，20世纪30年代被盗凿而去，现分别藏美国纽约大都会博物馆和堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。

1978年，当人们拆除宾阳中洞的清代所建砖券门时，雕凿于北魏时期造型鲜为人知的天王造像显此刻人们面前。朋友们请看，当时在窟门过道两壁上发现的就是三头四臂的帝释天王和四头四臂大梵天王浮雕。

宾阳中洞完成于六世纪中叶，它显示了当时我国石窟艺术发展的高超水平。

伊阙佛龛之碑-----李泰与宾阳南洞朋友们，我们此刻所看的这块大碑，名为“伊阙佛龛之碑”，由唐太宗时中书侍郎岑文本撰文，中央令、大书法家褚遂良书丹。这通碑为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字形奇伟秀美，是唐楷书法艺术的珍品。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，碑文中并有超多粉饰、美化李泰之语。因此，结合太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位的史实可知，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的和用心。需要说明的是，这通碑原应为此魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。

宾阳南洞下方我们参观宾阳南洞。宾阳南洞是在北魏未完工的基础上，为唐代早期又继续开凿的洞窟，所以在造像艺术上承北魏刚健之遗风，下开盛唐活泼生动之气象。主尊像阿弥托佛面部丰润，嘴唇厚大，衣纹自然、流畅。这一期间的宝座都是呈方形直角，到了盛唐才趋向于莲花束腰须弥座的形式。

洞内龛像密布，其中太宗贞观年间的题记达19处，为中国石窟中贞观题记最多的一窟。众多的造像题记为研究初唐的石窟造像艺术带给了珍贵的文字资料。

摩崖三佛龛朋友们，我们面前的这一窟因临山摩崖造像且题材为三佛而称为摩崖三佛龛。崖壁上为三坐佛，以弥勒佛为主尊居中，左、右二结迦坐佛。以弥勒为主尊的三佛题材为中国石窟所罕见。该窟无题记，结合文献研究，该窟应为武则天建立武周政权制造佛教神学舆论所开凿，宣扬武氏为弥勒下凡，以利于稳固政权。它开凿于武周政权时期，即公元690年左右，因武氏晚年发生了张柬之策动的政变，武周政权结束，该窟随即中辍，因此，窟中造像仅为毛坯，比较粗糙。

万佛洞万佛洞因洞内窟壁上雕刻有一万五千尊小佛像而得名。窟顶莲花周围刻有“大唐永隆元年十一月三十日成，大监姚神表，内道场运禅师一万千尊像龛”的题记，证明这个洞窟完工于公元680年的十一月三十日，主持修造者是大监姚神表和内道场的智运禅师。

主佛阿弥陀佛的造像手法体现了唐代盛行的以丰腴为美的审美时尚，表现出一种雍容大度、仪态轩昂的造像风格。人物波状的发纹、丰满圆润的脸部轮廓、垂肩的双耳、宽厚的双肩、简洁流畅的衣纹都证明盛唐的雕刻技艺在这一时期已经到达了成熟的阶段。

主佛端坐于仰覆莲束腰须弥宝座上，在宝座束腰部位雕刻了四位金刚托重力士，他们的肌肉突出，富于动态，与主佛的静态，一动一静构成了鲜明的比较。

南北两壁雕刻的一万五千多尊高约4厘米的小佛，把整个万佛洞装点成西方佛国中佛祖弘扬佛法、众生虔诚聆听的场面。在窟顶碑刻题记的外侧是凌空飘舞的飞天，这飞些天手捧供果，翩翩起舞，与它对应的是窟内南北两壁壁基下部的伎乐人。每侧墙壁下部各有6位伎乐人，手持空篌、法锣、羯鼓，一方面为研究唐代音乐带给了史料，另一方面，它们与窟顶飞天上下呼应，营造了一种西天极乐世界里，歌舞升平，万人成佛的场景。

万佛洞前后两室，窟门外两侧为二力士，前室南北壁原先刻有龙门石窟体形最大、造形最为精美的护法狮子两尊，20世纪30年被盗，现藏于美国波士顿博物馆。

窟门外南壁上部刻有一观音菩萨，面部丰润，体态健美左手提净瓶，右臂向上弯曲持佛尘搭于右肩。她那扭动的身躯、微斜的头颈、丰满的胸部，构成了优美的曲线，显得含蓄、端庄，是唐刻观音菩萨的杰作。

双窟万佛洞下的这两座洞窟因并排雕凿且有共同的前室而得名“双窟”。北洞中是三世佛造像，主尊为释迦牟尼，南北两侧是二弟子、二菩萨以及过去佛和未来佛。三世佛的造像题材表现了佛教世界里的过去、此刻和未来。

在双窟的南洞里，雕凿的主佛是弥勒佛，南北两壁上雕有小千佛。弥勒和释迦牟尼分列在南北两个洞窟，称作双窟，它们完工于同一时代，所以在人们的想象中是当时的唐高宗李治和皇后武则天共同临朝执政的一种局面。在这个历史时期，武则天实际上是掌管朝廷的重权，奏章都由她来批阅。武则天在这一时期，为了用心树立自我就是弥勒下世这一思想，但又有碍于李治在位的实际状况，所以就把释迦牟尼和弥勒共同雕凿于南北两窟，就是此刻我们看到的这种双窟并列的局面。

莲花洞朋友们，此刻我们面前的这座洞窟称为莲花洞。因洞顶有一朵保存完好、直径达3米多的高浮雕的大莲花而得名。洞内造一佛二弟子，均呈立姿，为释迦牟尼带领两个弟子游说讲经之像。主佛采用高浮雕手法，两侧的弟子迦叶、阿难用浮雕手法，比较鲜明。迦叶身披厚重的袈裟，手持锡杖，胸部肋骨暴露，细腻地表现出这位佛教继承人经过艰辛岁月，长途跋涉的形象。他右手拄着的锡杖上带有九个响环，震地有声，据说是佛教中一种法器。人们听见响环的声音，就明白佛祖到来，出外叩拜佛祖、倾听佛法。

二弟子的头像于20世纪30年代被盗凿，现都存于法国吉美博物馆。

窟顶莲花周围环绕着飞天，她们手捧供果和其它的器皿，显得飘逸洒脱，在《妙法莲花经》里曾有这样的记载：飞天是佛教中的香因神，说是诸天伎乐，百千万神于虚空中一时俱作，雨众天华，表现了佛教中飞天和伎乐人营造出欢乐和谐的场面。

洞窟南壁左上部层层排列了几层小型佛像，据说这是龙门石窟最小的佛像，高度仅有2厘米，五官清晰，刻画细腻。南壁壁面上排列了许多佛龛，龛楣装饰有各自不一样的特点：有帷帐式的，有的是火焰纹，有表现文殊与维摩诘对座辩法的故事，还有礼佛图的形象。在龛楣细部，有忮乐人、飞天，有莲花化生出来的菩萨;有线刻的，有浅浮雕的。其中一对飞天，她们的衣裙向上卷起，飘飘荡荡的形式好象一朵盛开的莲花，而两个飞天的面部正是莲花的花蕾。外侧是一些伎乐人向她们飘飞过来，荡起的衣裙好象莲花的枝蔓一样，表现了一种绿柳丝绦万千条景象。

这个小龛龛楣是火焰纹的造型，它的火焰向内收，到中间再向上构成火苗的苗头，火焰纹之上南北两侧各一组众生听法像，这个浮雕表现了文殊菩萨和维摩诘辩法的情景。它的上部是帷幕，帷幕是中国民俗画常有的表现形式，在那里我们看到外来的佛教文化与中国本土文化的结合，成为有中国特色的佛雕艺术形式。

窟外门楣为火焰纹，中间刻有一个兽形铺首，雕工精湛。左上方有明代河南巡抚赵岩题“伊阙”二字。

奉先寺此刻，我们参观的是奉先寺。奉先寺，原名“大卢舍那像龛”，规模宏大、气势磅礴、雕像精美、技艺精湛，是龙门石窟开凿规模最大的摩崖像龛，也是龙门石窟唐代雕刻艺术中最有代表性的作品。据于唐玄宗开元十年刻就的《河洛上都龙门之阳大卢舍那像龛记》记载，奉先寺为唐高宗所创，皇后武则天曾于高宗咸亨三年(672年)捐助脂粉钱两万贯，工程完工于上元二年(675年)。整个大像龛造像布局为一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士等一铺九尊大像，主尊“大卢舍那佛”坐像，通高17。14米，头高4米，耳长1。9米，面相丰满圆润，方额广颐，眉若弯月，双目俯视，炯炯有神;略作微笑，两耳长垂，衣纹简练，灵活而又储蓄的眼睛显得更加秀美，整尊造像，给人一种庄严典雅、肃穆宁静之感。左侧迦叶，身首虽残，但仍显出一位饱经风霜的老僧形象;右侧阿难，浓眉细眼、年轻睿智、虔诚大方、充满自信，宛如一聪慧少所形象。二菩萨衣饰华丽，端庄而矜持的表情，天王严肃威武而双硕壮有力的神情，力士坚毅勇猛而双暴躁的性格，以及那无所谓惧倾力承托的地鬼，无不形神兼备、惟妙惟肖。其雕凿规模、艺术设计、人物塑造、雕像造型方面的成就，反映了唐代艺术家的高超技艺、审美时尚、美学理念和唐代美术所到达高度

艺术水平。同时，在必须程度上也反映了当时统治阶级及艺术家心目中神化的“圣贤”形象，从另一侧面又折射出了当时社会佛教发展的盛况和唐代国力的强大。因此，奉先寺大卢舍那像龛群雕，既是盛唐雕刻艺术的代表，又是人类美术史上的杰作，具有永恒的艺术魅力和美学价值。

古阳洞朋友们，参观完奉先寺，我们将继续参观南面的古阳洞。著名的“龙门二十品”其中有十九品就在这一洞窟中。北魏孝文帝太和十七年(公元493年)迁都洛阳，孝文帝开始在龙门为其祖母冯太后开窟造像祈福作功德，王公大臣、贵族、官僚、武官将相继在窟内造像，这就构成了古阳洞内最早的一批造像，从而开始皇家营造龙门的第一斧第一凿，揭开了建立龙门石窟的第一篇章。

此刻我们面前的这一洞窟就是古阳洞，它是利用天然溶洞扩凿而成的。正壁主佛为释迦牟尼，结跏趺坐于方形台座上。面相长圆，较为瘦削。头顶还塑了一个发冠，发冠本身是道的产物，这是在清朝八国联军侵略中国，慈禧太后逃亡西安回北京途中飘过龙门留下的，所以当地也有人称古阳洞为老君洞。

主佛两侧的菩萨上身微微后倾，头戴宝冠，面容清秀，上身袒露，身着长裙，造型厚重，比例匀称，表情庄重文静，姿态优美，是北魏石刻艺术的代表作。

北侧墙壁上排列了三层大型佛龛，最上方一排的造像与云冈石窟有着一脉相承的联系，佛像都是结跏趺坐，形体较显浑厚。如果说它还持续着云冈石窟的特色的话，那么第二层交脚弥勒的造像，则体现了北魏时期龙门石窟造像秀骨清姿的艺术格调。人物瘦小，细腰，双腿交叉坐于台座上。北壁最上部的佛龛雕凿于北魏景明三年，我们此刻只能看到佛龛残损的身躯，佛头高32厘米，被人盗走后，此刻为私人收藏。最下部的一排佛龛，造像风格表现出雍容大度的特点，可能是唐早期的作品。不一样时期的造像集中在同一洞窟里，说明了古阳洞雕凿时光之长，绵延朝代之久。

龙门石窟中有许多碑刻题记，经过历朝的推崇，到清代中期，人们从这2800多块题记中，精选出了二十块有代表性的作品，称为“龙门二十品”，古阳洞就占十九品。“龙门二十品”是魏碑书法的杰出代表，以“龙门二十品”为代表的魏碑体，字形端正大方，魄力雄强，气象浑穆，上承汉隶，下开唐楷，在我国的书法艺术上占有重要地位，被视为国宝。

北魏造像峻拔瘦硬的风格与魏碑斩刻奇肆的风格艺术内涵相通。历史上书法家发现了碑刻题记的价值，却又把雕像视为工匠的艺术。相反，西方研究中国艺术史的专家对北魏石雕给予了极高的评价，认为“魏的雕刻代表了人类宗教艺术的一个高峰”。

药方洞药方洞因窟门两侧刻有古代药方而得名。此洞北魏晚期建立，经东魏和北齐，直至唐初仍有雕刻，因此在雕刻艺术上呈现不一样时代的多种艺术风格。洞内主佛、二弟子、二菩萨和洞外二力士及窟门八角束腰莲花柱均为北齐所雕造。该洞是龙门石窟中具有北齐造像风格的唯一大型石窟。北齐时期的雕像头部硕大，身躯如柱，给人以臃肿、笨拙的感觉。

洞口过道两侧石壁上刻有药方近140个，治疗40种疾病。治疗方法主要是药物治疗和针灸治疗。涉及科别有内科、外科、妇科、儿科、五官科、皮肤科、神经科、肿瘤科、泌尿科等。所用药物多是我国农村常见的植物药、动物药和矿物药。制剂方法有丸、散、膏、汤等。

药方洞石刻药方刻于唐代初年，是我国现存最早的石刻药方，是我国医学宝库中的瑰宝。它记录了我国古代医药的成就，在研究我国医药学上有重要价值。

皇甫公窟皇甫公窟因北魏胡太后母舅皇甫度开凿而得名。主佛释迦牟尼高3。18米，身穿褒衣带式的袈裟，衣饰用平直九刀刻法，衣裙有棱有角，坐在莲花座上。面部已经残损了，头上还留有高肉髻，右足外露，足掌向上;右臂平举，手掌上扬;左手掌心向外，手指向下，作满足人们愿望的与愿印。搞笑的是，这尊大佛竟有有6个手指，据说是按照孝明皇帝的形象塑造的。由此能够看出皇甫度以佛事向皇帝献忠心的良苦用心。

皇甫公窟南、北壁基下保存有具有极高价值的礼佛图浮雕，这两幅浮雕人物图案带有浓重的绘画意味。北壁皇帝礼佛图东起前三人为比丘，前两个比丘正俯身向香炉内添香，第三位是年长的高僧，左手托钵作前导。第四人为一老妇，头饰华丽，身穿长裙大袖，左手持一莲蕾，徐步向前。弟八人为一青年男子，头戴笼冠，身穿宽袍大袖的长袍，右手托钵，搞笑的是其身后还有一男童为他提衣摆。这一男一女无疑是孝明皇帝和胡太后。这一作品用写实的手法把人物的年龄，性格，身份，气质都刻画得淋漓尽致，其余的宫女有的手举华盖，有的手拿莲蕾，虔诚严肃，徐徐而行。南壁则为皇甫公夫妇礼佛图。

左右二菩萨半结跏趺坐在菩提树下，坐树下思维状。菩提树树干弯曲，枝繁叶茂。树的上方又分别刻有一组罗汉像，罗汉身穿双领下垂式袈裟，双手合十或手持莲花。

围绕着窟顶的莲花有八个伎乐，她们衣带飘扬，手持琵琶、笙、排萧等乐器，翱翔云间，由此看出在北魏时期，这些乐器就已经十分盛行了。

擂鼓台南洞参观完西山的洞窟，请朋友们继续参观东山的洞窟。此刻我们面前的这三座洞窟称为“擂鼓台三洞”。南边的这座窟为擂鼓台南洞。洞内方形座台上的佛像被称作“大日如来”在密宗里“大日如来”指的就是释迦牟尼。主佛头戴佛冠，臂戴臂钏，脖子戴项圈，穿袒右肩式袈裟，整个造像保留了外来造像艺术风格。

佛端坐在束腰方形台座上，这种台座在武周时期是比较流行的式样。从正面看，佛头部微微向下倾斜，目光向下俯视，和礼拜者的眼神交流，流露出一种关爱世人的殷殷之情。主尊丰润的右臂搭于盘起的右膝之上，舒闲的神态、优雅坐姿都体现出佛的从容、恬静。从侧面看这尊大佛的形态，头微微向前倾斜，肩向后仰，腰向内收，臀部依其坐势显得收放有序，胸部向前隆起，腰部三道环形的衣纹线条又显现出腰部肌肉的健康有力。整个佛的造像极富质感，也正贴合古人所说的：肌理细腻，骨肉亭匀。

在四壁上有高约36厘米的菩萨坐像，层层排列着有760尊之多，端坐在四周的墙壁上，神态肃穆安祥，似乎正在聆听佛弘扬佛法。菩萨在古印度都是男性的形象，传入中国后，逐渐塑成了女性的形象。

创造者对人物的形态美把握得相当适度，简洁明快的线条和人体造型的健康都表现了当时的雕凿者自身的审美价值取向及美学理想。

擂鼓台中洞中间的这座洞窟称为擂鼓台中洞，又叫“大万五佛洞”，因洞中造有一万五千尊小佛像，且比西山万佛洞小千佛稍大而得名。主尊为弥勒，整尊造像采取高佛雕手法，背光为龟甲形背屏，周围环绕着伎乐人/飞天、骑象和骑狮的童子。

主尊端坐在束腰方形高台坐上，台坐下部延伸出两朵莲花，每朵莲花上站立着一尊菩萨，整个造像浑然一体。主尊佛头20世纪30年代被盗，现藏于美国旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆。

洞窟雕凿完成于武周时期，是为武氏政权歌功颂德的。西山的双窟是弥勒与释迦牟尼并坐，当时武则天还没有成为一朝之君，证明她与李志一个天皇一个天后并列的身份，而在这一洞窟中，以弥勒佛为主尊，证明她已破天荒地成了一位女皇。

看经寺：此刻我们参观的是看经寺，看经寺是龙门东山最大的一个石窟，整个窟室的平面设计基本上呈方形，与同一时期其它洞窟最大的不一样是该窟正壁上没有主像，而是在洞窟地面中央建坛，上置佛像供人拜佛。据考证，该窟为禅宗开凿，洞窟造型为禅宗曾人打坐礼佛的禅堂。

窟内墙壁上部有一些不规则的零星造像，在北、东、南三壁下部雕有唐代最精美的一组29尊浮雕罗汉像。释迦牟尼去世之后，将传法的任务叫给了迦叶，迦叶寂灭后交给了阿难，之后传莫田地，传商那阿修，最后至二十九组菩提达摩。

菩提达摩是北魏时期自天竺来中国的曾人，被后代的佛教禅宗奉为第二十九代传人。看经寺这二十九尊传法的罗汉，恰好与《历代法宝记》所载西土二十九祖先相吻合。

窟内现二十六尊罗汉像保存完好，每尊罗汉像高约1。8米，与真人等高，神态各异，性格刻划入微，有饱经风霜而又睿智的、执着而又聪慧的、慈祥善良的、凶猛严历的、诙谐幽默的、严肃认真的，无不栩栩如生，是龙门石窟中现存最完整的一组罗汉群像雕刻。

龙门石窟虽然是佛教文化的艺术表现，但也折射出当时的政治、经济、和社会文化时尚。石窟中保留的超多宗教、美术、书法、音乐、医药、建筑等事物石料，使龙门石窟成为一做大型的石刻艺术博物馆。

古老的艺术、优美的环境、方便的交通、完善的旅游设施，吸引着越来越多的海内外学者和游人纷至沓来。

洛阳龙门石窟导游词范文

各位游客：

大家好，孔夫子说，有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。今天，我正是怀着这种心情来接待各位朋友的到来的。

洛阳，是中外闻名的历史名城。她有着悠久的历史、灿烂的文化和众多的文物古迹。为使各位来宾在洛阳期间能对这座古老城市的历史文化和古迹有进一步的了解，在乘车去景点参观的途中，我将洛阳的历史及龙门石窟的大致情况，向大家做简单的介绍。洛阳位于河南省西部、黄河中游的南岸。因地处洛河北岸而得名，意为洛水之阳。

洛阳在历史上曾是众多朝代建都的城市，素称“九朝古都”。在这一千多年的历史长河中，洛阳曾长时间地作为中国的政治、文化、经济的中心。今天，我们去参观的举世闻名的龙门石窟便是众多的文物古迹之一。

龙门石窟，在洛阳市南郊的龙门山口处，距市区12.5公里，从北魏太和十九年开凿，迄今已有1500余年的历史，它和敦煌莫高窟、大同云岗石窟，共同组成我国著名的三大石窟艺术宝库。

龙门，在春秋战国时期称“伊阙”，香山(东山)与龙门山(西山)东西对峙，伊水从中流过，形成一座壮丽的门阙。后因处于隋唐帝国之南，又称龙门。

所谓“石窟”，就是在石壁山崖上开凿的洞直，或是天然形成的石洞，用以藏身或贮藏食物和东西。早在原始社会，人们已利用天然石洞描绘动物形象和生活情景，然而以石窟寺的现象出现并作为佛教信徒、僧侣礼佛和修行的场所，却是在古印度兴起佛教后出现的。 由于山林的幽静、神秘、石窟的冬暖夏凉，依山雕凿石窟比用砖石筑的寺院便利耐久，所以在古印度出现了集建筑、绘画、雕凿艺术之大成的石窟寺。这种石窟寺艺术，随着僧侣的传教活动传入我国的边疆和内地，同我国民族特点和传统的各种艺术技法风格融合交汇，成为我国的一种特有的雕刻、彩绘工艺。我们今天要看的龙门石窟就是我国众多寺群中的瑰宝之一。

龙门石窟群的雕刻，除了前面所说的有利条件外，还有个不可忽视的自然条件。伊水两岸的山崖都属于古生代寒武纪和奥陶纪的石灰岩层。其石质坚硬、结构紧密，不宜风化和大面积脱裂，很适合于艺术造像，与其他砂岩石相比，有着宜于保存的有利条件。

洛阳龙门石窟的开凿是继甘肃的敦煌石窟、山西大同的云岗石窟之后由皇室开凿的又一大型石窟寺群，建于北魏太和年间，先后历经东魏、西魏、北齐、北周、隋唐、五代延至清代。前后400多年。其中大规模、有效率的营建约计150年左右，分别出现在北魏(占40余年)和隋唐(约占120xx年左右)时期。龙门石窟的大大小小的佛龛、石像沿伊水两岸星罗棋布的在龙门东西两山的崖壁上，南北长达1公里。

各位朋友，我们在龙门石窟参观约用1.5—2小时的时间，在此，我们每分钟可以看到1000余尊大大小小的佛像。据1962年龙门文物保管所统计，两山现存窟龛2100多个。大小造像10万余尊，佛塔40余座，造像题记碑文约2870多块。造像以北魏(东魏、北齐)、隋、唐为主。北魏约占百分之三十左右，隋唐占百分之六十左右。龙门石窟最大造像为奉先寺的卢舍那大佛。龙门石窟群，大部分集中在伊水西岸的崖壁上，其中有7个大型洞窟。因龙门东山的岩层比西山的薄，不便雕凿大型造像。在龙门石窟中，北魏时期的洞窟具有代表性的是古阳洞、宾阳中洞、莲花洞等。隋代作品的代表是宾阳南洞。唐代具有代表性的洞窟有：潜溪寺、宾阳北洞、万佛洞、奉先寺等。

龙门石窟造像，既是历代劳动人民和艺术家无穷智慧和血汗的结晶，又是外来文化和我国文化结合而成的一朵奇葩。这些雕刻匠师，承担着为神佛和帝王造像的使命，却又大胆地突破了宗教和礼教的“仪轨”束缚。在雕刻过程中融进了大量的现实生活，活生生表现了各种人物造像的动人情景。如喜悦、慈祥、威严、矜持、苦痛，以至作为至高无量主宰的佛之庄严肃穆，胁侍人和供养人的虔诚宁静，无一不是艺术家们对现实的“人”的深刻观察，运用现实主义和浪漫主义相结合的表现手法，加以高度概括集中的结果。真可谓是在雕刻艺术上将佛祖和人表现的惟妙惟肖，栩栩如生。而构思布局的完整，气势的贯注，整体的坚实有力，性格变化的多样，面部表情的生动逼真，衣纹线条的流畅优美等等，更是在千百年艺术实践传统的基础上，大量借鉴外来文化，在技法、风格上精心创造、大量创新、突破传统、刻意经营的结果。富有才华的古代工匠和雕刻设计艺术家，面对光秃的悬崖峭壁，运用着简单的锤凿，雕出如此巍峨壮观又精工细致的群体佛像，这在当时生产力和生产工具十分落后的条件下，确实令人叹为鬼斧神工。

龙门石窟象一个丰富多彩、包罗万象的大博物馆，为我国的历史、宗教、文化、艺术、医药等研究，提供了极为珍贵的资料。

好了，各位朋友，我们已来到了龙门石窟，现在请大家下车，跟我走，去参观石窟。在参观石窟的过程中，我给各位朋友重点讲解一下龙门石窟种的几个主要洞窟

(在潜溪寺)

这是潜溪寺，它是我们进入龙门西山北端第一个大石窟。潜溪寺洞高、宽9米多，进深近7米，建于唐代初期，距今约1300多年的历史，因在凿洞时地下有源源不断流出的溪流而得名。据说唐代有位叫李潘的宰相曾在此建过别墅。清代时洞外修建有木构窟檐等建筑物，所以又称“斋拔(fú)堂”。窟内洞顶漕进为一朵潜刻大莲花，洞内所供主像为阿弥陀佛，佛身高7.38米，面额丰满，胸部隆起、衣纹斜垂座前，身体各部比例匀称。神情睿智，整个姿态给人以静穆慈祥之感。两侧为二弟子、二菩萨、二天王。特别是南壁的大势至菩萨，造型丰满敦厚，仪态文静，与主佛造像为龙门石窟唐代石雕中最优美的两尊。洞内前侧两壁各雕一护法天王，高颧大目、体魄雄壮、孔武有力、身披销甲，是唐代高级武将的形象。踩在脚下的夜叉，也塑造的十分生动传神

(在宾阳洞)

我们通过潜溪寺后，在路旁右侧有一敞口石龛，正壁上嵌有一块宋代陈挎写的“开张天岸马，奇逸人中龙”草书石匾。这是北宋道士陈传所书。那末，陈传又是神末人呢。他是一个仕途落魄，以隐居修行而深得帝王赏识的传奇式人物，先后在武当山、华山等地修炼。我们看过石匾，南行数十步，进入一座幽静的院落，院中有并排坐西向东三座石窟，即宾阳三洞(中洞、北洞、南洞的俗称)。以中洞为代表，中洞在北魏时称灵岩寺，明清以后才改称宾阳洞，传说是根据道教八仙之一吕洞宾之字(洞宾)和号(纯阳)的末两字相加而命名的。此洞从北魏宣武帝景明元年，就是公元520xx年开始雕凿到正光四年，即公元520xx年6月完工，历时达20xx年之久，用工802366个。宾阳三洞我们还可以理解为“寻为宾阳盖寅宾日出之义”，即朝阳或向阳之意。虽宾阳洞耗费工时金钱如此之多，但三洞的全部工程并未结束。延昌四年，就是公元520xx年宣武帝崩。年仅7岁的孝明帝(元诩)即位，其政权实握在他母亲胡太后手中，由于宫廷发生内乱，故宾阳的雕刻工作实际停止。所以北魏皇室经营的大型洞窟—宾阳三洞，实际上只完成了一个宾阳中洞。而南北两洞则由以后的隋唐两朝完成的。宾阳三洞是由三个朝代雕刻成的，所以所雕的佛像在造型和表情上各有不同。那末如何辨别呢?请大家跟我来，我先从宾阳中洞给各位讲。

宾阳中洞是一座三世佛窟。北魏由于受“法华经”影响较大，除了信仰释迦、多宝外，还信仰的对象便是三世佛了。在龙门石窟仅此一例。宾阳中洞高9.8米，进深和宽均为11.10米。正面是以释迦牟尼佛像为主的五尊雕像。释迦结中国跌坐(为佛教中修禅者的坐法即：两脚交结，脚背挨着左右股上)，身着褒衣博带式袈裟，通高8.4米，面部清秀、神情饱满、高鼻大目、微露笑意。左手向下屈三指，右手向前仰伸，这种手势表示说法印，本尊坐前有两只昂首挺胸、姿态雄健的石狮。胸毛左右分向后披，这是北魏雕刻狮子的特征。释迦左右侍立着二弟子、二菩萨(左文殊、右普贤)。二菩萨含睬若笑、温雅敦厚，给人以亲切感。南北两壁还各有造像一铸，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。在宾阳洞诸像的后座上，雕饰着众菩萨、弟子闻法浮雕像。窟顶做琼隆形，中央雕刻着重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围有八个伎乐和两个供养天人。我们称供养天人为飞天。飞天在佛教艺术中被称为“香音神”，是能歌善舞、满身香气的美丽仙人。这就是《法华经》中所述的“诸天伎乐，百千万神，于虚空中一时俱作，雨众天华”的场景。中洞内前壁的南北王侧，自上而有四层精美的浮雕。以前游人可以进去看。现在为保护这些珍贵的文物不再受到侵坏，所以在洞前加铁栏杆。希望各位朋友能够理解。宾阳中洞外南侧，依崖镌刻一碑，即著名“褚遂良碑”，即《伊阙佛龛之碑》，记载唐太宗第四子魏王泰，为其死去的母亲文德皇后长孙氏做功德开窟造像的一篇法愿文(贞观20xx年即公元641年)。此碑文已严重腐蚀，难辨其文。

宾样中洞原为北魏雕凿，由于宫廷发生内乱而止。故半途而废。该洞是北魏至淌初的过渡洞。该洞高9米、宽8米多、进深9米。主像是唐代流行的阿弥陀佛，高8米多，脸型稍长、嘴唇厚大、颈有横纹、胸部隆起。木尊两侧侍立二弟子，其中左侧的迪叶雕像，刻工十分逼真。他满脸皱纹、目不斜视、严谨持重、深谙世故。左右弟子外侧侍立的菩萨，披巾、璎珞厚重，造型古朴、典雅，具有北魏的风格。在洞内的四壁上，布满大小150余个佛龛，其中有隋大业和唐贞观年的佛龛多个。宾阳南洞体现的艺术风格，上承北魏时期的刚健雄伟，下启盛唐时期的生动活泼。

宾阳北洞，此洞完工于唐代初年。洞中所供主像为阿弥陀佛，高近10米，结跏跌坐，双手平分指天、地。称作“施无畏印”即天地之间唯我独尊。就是佛祖释迦牟尼出生后站在莲花上，一手指天、一手指地所说的“天上天下，唯我独尊”。左右两侧南北浮雕二天王。其造型威武，刚强有力 。

(前往万佛洞)

我们离开宾阳三洞拾级而上，即可看到万佛洞。万佛洞的形状是方形平顶，顶上雕一莲花藻井，莲花藻井周围刊刻楷书大字：“大唐永隆元年(公元680年)十一月三十日成，大监姚神表，内道场云禅师，一万五千尊佛龛。”洞口过道北侧上有“沙门智运，奉天皇太后太子诸王敬造一万五千尊像一龛”的题记。两个题记互为补充，说明什末人，为什末发愿造像的原因。永隆为高宗李治的年号。太监为宫中的女官。沙门智运和内道场运单师，指比丘尼智运的号。因该洞为智运奉旨修造，所以又叫“智运洞”。天皇指唐高宗，天后指武则天，因洞勺刻有15000尊佛像，又叫“万佛洞”

该洞主尊名阿弥陀佛，有圆光和身光，结跏跌坐在印覆莲束腰须弥座上，一手贴身斜举胸前，一手抚膝。这种手势说明阿弥陀佛在向弟子信徒说法，故称“说法印”。束腰莲花座中间雕刻四个赤膊季节袒胸、筋肌突起、体朵勇猛的力士承托室座。佛背光以上崖壁上雕刻有54朵莲花，每枝上坐一菩萨，姿态生动、富于变化、造型别致、独具匠心。此外，在南北壁上雕有伎乐人，分;乐伎和舞伎。乐伎手执乐器有瑟、竺、拔、茎溪、笛子、西腰鼓等，这是唐代宫廷的“坐部”乐队。舞蹈者或吹、或弹、或拨弄琴弦，彷佛会奏出优美的旋律。将唐朝宫廷中的舞乐场面表现得活灵活现，真可谓工匠们的神工之处。

原洞外除浮雕的二力士之外，还有两尊石狮，即龙门唐代浮雕的精品，在30年代被盗。现存于美国波士顿艺术博物馆和堪萨斯城纳威尔逊艺术博物馆内。

(在莲花洞)

这里为什末叫“莲花洞”呢?听我给大家解释：莲花洞是继宾阳中洞之后开凿的又一大型北魏石窟。因洞顶雕有大型飞天环绕的大莲花藻井图案而得名。莲花是佛教象征的名物，意为出淤泥而不染。因此，佛教石窟顶藻井多以莲花为饰，但像这样大型的莲花，雕刻的如此精美，在龙门石窟中这不多见。此洞开凿于北魏孝昌年间即公元526—520xx年前后，属于北魏后期作品。此洞高6.10米，深6.15米，主尊释迦高6米(为立佛)。两侧为胁侍菩萨，佛与菩萨之间，为侍立的伽叶、阿难二弟子。其左的伽叶，身披厚重的袈裟，显示着艰辛跋涉、风尘仆仆的苦行僧形象。他右手执锡杖，这是龙门石窟造像中所独有的。莲花洞南北两壁上方各有似为“法华经”所指十方分身佛的小千佛浮雕，每个高度仅有2厘米左右。他们就是龙门石窟中雕刻最小的佛像。在坚硬的石壁上雕刻如此小的佛，而又刻得如此精工细作，确实为龙门一绝。洞口北侧上方有一块平面下凹的碑记，上刻两个大字“伊阙”，原为唐刻陀罗尼经，后复刻明代河南巡抚的“伊阙”二字，说明龙门的原称

(往奉先寺)

在登几十步台阶就到奉先寺了，龙门石窟最大的佛像就在这个寺内，奉先即奉供祖先之意。奉先寺是龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精、气势最磅礴、最具有代表性的重要洞窟。

奉先寺东西深约40米，南北宽约36米，卢舍那佛(披身佛)左侧的《大卢舍那像龛记》记载：大唐高宗天皇大帝之所建也，佛身通光，高85尺，二菩萨高70尺，伽叶、阿难、金刚神王各高50尺。奉先寺的建造时间，据有关资料和专家推测，约始建于武则天被立为皇后的永微六年，就是公元655年之后。完工于上元二年，即公元675年乙亥十二月三十日，费时约20xx年左右。

请看奉先寺的布局：一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士，另外还有两个供养人。主佛梵名“卢舍那”，按佛教说法，佛有三身：法身是佛的本来之身;报身即佛经过长期修行而获得的“佛果”之身;应身即佛为“超度众生”而显现之身。卢舍那即所谓报身佛，译名“净惭”。主尊像为结跏跌坐中央的卢舍召晰，全像通高17.14米，其中头部高4米，两耳为1.9米高，为龙门石窟最大的佛雕。其面容丰腴典雅、眉若新月、双目含情、笑意微露、慈祥外溢。她那智慧的双眼，稍向下俯视，目光恰好和礼佛朝拜者的仰视目光交汇，可引起人们感情上的震颤。由此可见设计者的匠心和艺术魅力所在。两侧侍立的二弟子，老者伽叶形象严谨持重，少者阿难形象丰满圆润、眉清目秀。各恃立菩萨头戴宝冠、身挂璎珞、肩搭帔(pei)帛、下衣长裙有出水之势。这一铺雕像刻画出一种端庄而美丽又动人的风貌。奉先寺的整个布局，使人感觉象是皇帝在宣召文武百官的场面。

一般说来，在佛学的教义里，佛、菩萨均为男性，而在龙门奉先寺的主佛却女性化，这是唐武则天出于政治的需要，而别出心裁，破天荒将卢舍那大佛塑造成中年妇女特有的形象。传说武则天集上述美德与卢舍纳大佛的形象几乎完全吻合。可见卢舍那的形象在一定程度上就是武则天形象的真实写照。

从艺术上看，奉先寺造像布局谐调均称。大佛像五官刻画合乎比例，这一巧夺天工的辉煌成就，具有永不磨灭的艺术魅力。是唐代宗教艺术的概括，是我国雕刻史上伟大范例之一。

(在古阳洞)

古阳洞开凿于北魏太和十六年，就是公元493年迁都洛阳之际。洞内雕刻90%以上是北魏时期的作品，是龙门石窟群中开凿最早、内容最丰富的一座洞窟。全洞平面呈马蹄形，顶似穹隆。由于此洞时北魏皇室贵族发愿造像最集中得一窟。由此也看出北魏皇室崇佛的气氛。洞内两壁井然有序的雕凿成三列佛龛。这些小龛都十分精细华丽，龛额装饰细致灵巧，图案花纹丰富多彩，在龙门石窟中堪称集北魏雕刻、绘画、书法、建筑、图案造型艺术之大成。

古阳洞的造像，以其风格、特征而论，代表了迁都洛阳后北魏后期的一些变化。由北魏前期粗旷、雄健、挺实变为清秀、美丽、开始摆脱前期的作风。面部表情刻画也由严峻变得比较温和，给人以亲切之感。

这里值得一提的是：古阳洞四壁及窟顶镌满佛龛造像，这些龛像多有造像题记，记录了当时的造像者的姓名、年月及早像缘由。这些都是研究北魏书法艺术及雕刻艺术的最珍贵资料。在金石碑刻艺术中负有盛名的《龙门二十品》中，有十九品在古阳洞内。《龙门二十品》代表了魏碑体，字形端正大方、气势刚健有力，结体用笔在隶、楷之间，是隶书向楷书过渡中一种比较成熟的独特字体。《龙门二十品》可以说是龙门石窟碑刻书法艺术的精华，所以千百年来为书法家所称道。

由于时间关系，龙门石窟(西山)主要洞窟的讲解就到此结束。现在给各位留一点时间照相。待一会儿我们将车开过龙门桥，跨过伊河，到河对岸观赏龙门西山兰貌。谢谢各位!

Hi, Im lee, take you to visit the Terra Cotta Warriors today?

Behind me is a vaulted hall, this is a famous scenic spots and historical sites. What places of interest you guess what it is? It is known as "the eighth wonder of the world" terracotta warriors.

The Terra Cotta Warriors in mount li, lintong county, shaanxi province in China under the north river near the village. Now explore three pit. We have come to is one of the biggest, the Terra Cotta Warriors pit pit no. 1. You can put these down. Oh, you are alone, Ill help you take pictures with the Terra Cotta Warriors in the background. To come. One, two, three eggplant!

Lets visit the qin shihuangs mausoleum. Adults, please take your children. At the same time, also please mind your own hand, do not litter. Move down inside, we see this is the qin shihuangs mausoleum, it is imitation built the palace of the emperor used to live. The qinshihuang in north and south long, the width of a rectangle. The whole cemetery, surrounded with two walls in "back to" glyph. The magical thing about this is it.

We have come to is about the position of the underground. Because buried deep underground, and plus there are crossbow authority, so we cant go to visit. According to "historical records" records, however, the underground to depict the sun, the moon and the stars on the ceiling, and artificial earth, the earth has a mountain, flowers and plants, and rivers. The river is made of mercury, glittering, extremely beautiful.

Everybody, the tour is over. You must be very happy, right? Everyone had so happy, hope you can remember me.

Hello and welcome to the new century travel agency, to attend the trip tothe Summer Palace. I am your little wizard, my name is high you can call me thewizard.

I asked: "do you know about the Summer Palace?" Chorus of answer: "I dontknow." That I will tell you! The Summer Palace is the royal garden museum. Orbig palace in qing dynasty the emperor and his concubines, play is hisflowers.

Now we now we are entering the Summer Palace gate, everybody is veryexcited! Must be yes. Enter the door to the Summer Palace, around the hall intothe famous long corridor. I cant see the other end of the everybody does itfeel like to stand in the gallery! Must be yes. We planted there are thousandsof flowers and trees on either side of the Summer Palace. This didnt thank aflower, the flower opened again. The aisle has more than seven hundred meterslong, divided into a total of 273 rooms. Each cross between supervisor on acolorful painting, picture in picture lifelike characters, really want toimmediately jump out of the picture. Please follow up our team, dont gotlost.

Walk the promenade came to the foot of the longevity hill, this is thelongevity hill, we are going to the longevity hill and have a bullish on theirchildren (son), please dont run away. Up to the longevity hill into the incensepavilion, you can see the Summer Palace in fundus half scenery. Its reallybeautiful! The last time please visit freely, two hours, after the visit, pleaseset to the specified location, dont forget the time.

All collection, people came in. We set off to the kunming lake, the kunminglake, I already bought tickets. You can sit on a cruise ship touring kunminglake. Should visit the kunming lake to the island to play. The ship I called oneveryone to go to the island to play. The bridge is seventeen holes, hundreds ofpillar, the above are carved with different posture of small stone lionsadorable. Below is the free play time. Please gather at the gate after twohours.

Todays journey is over, I hope you come after the Summer Palace.

世界文化遗产——龙门石窟，是我国三大佛教石窟艺术宝库之一。1961年被国务院公布为全国第一批重点文物保护单位；1982年公布为全国重点风景名胜区；20xx年11月联合国教科文组织将其列入《世界遗产名录》。

它位于洛阳市南13公里的伊河两岸，这里两山对峙，伊水中流，形若门阙，故称“伊阙”，隋朝始称龙门。龙门石窟自北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳始凿（公元493年），历经400余年的雕刻，现存窟龛2300多个，雕像10万余尊，碑刻题记30多万字。两山窟龛造像以数量之多，规模之大，题材多样，雕刻精美，蕴涵丰富而蜚声中外。以北魏和唐代造像达到当时艺术的顶峰及匠心独具的皇家典范、中原风格而异于早、晚期石窟。以碑刻题记数量为世界石窟之最而被誉为“古碑林”。以造像内容广涉佛教信仰的众多宗派甚至包括道教的题材也是石窟艺术中所罕见。龙门石窟以大量的实物形象和文字资料从不同侧面反映了中国古代政治、经济、宗教、文化等许多领域的发展变化，对中国石窟艺术的创新与发展做出了重大贡献。

龙门石窟，是东方雕刻艺术的瑰宝，以其动人心魄的气势、鬼斧神工的造型、充满智慧的想象、美奂美轮的雕刻艺术，征服了多少游客的心，民族的自豪感与满足的审美感受，油然而生。是的，来龙门游玩，与其说是视觉的盛宴，不如说是一次心灵的朝拜。充满灵性的石窟静躺在古老的河边和唐朝的天空下，历史的沧桑凝重与艺术的历久弥新，让人感叹先人的智慧创造的同时，宗教信仰与膜拜情结，也自然流露，难以掩饰……

乘车路线可从火车站前乘一日游专车到景区；乘81、53、60路公交车也可到，车程约40分钟

Hello, everyone! I am a small tour guide Chen Mingxiao. Welcome to themagnificent the Great Wall. Today, I am honored to introduce to you the theGreat Wall, the great ancient Chinese architecture. Now, lets start a tour ofthe Great Wall!

As the saying goes, "less than the Great Wall is not a good man", climbingthe Great Wall must have perseverance and unyielding perseverance anddetermination, and can not give up halfway. We can watch and climb on the otherside. Let me first introduce the Great Wall to you: the Great Wall is made up ofGuan Cheng, enemy building, smoke pier, Beacon Tower, enemy platform, wallplatform, woo wall, stack, hole, perforation, etc. The Beacon Tower and themound are used to deliver the enemy. During the day, smoked on smoked pits, andthe number of smoke piles represents the number of enemy soldiers. I cant seethe smoke at night and make a fire on the Beacon Tower. This way of transmittinginformation was the fastest and most effective in that era, and Beacon Towerplayed a very important role.

At this time, I saw a child climbing on the wall. I held him down and saidto everyone, "please be careful not to climb on the wall. It is very dangerous.Outside the wall is a dangerous mountain. Falling down is not fun! "

Now, let me tell you more about the story of the Great Wall: Once upon atime, there was a man named Meng Jiangnu who went to dress for her husband whorepaired the Great Wall. She went to the Great Wall, but she didnt find herhusband. She quickly asked others that he had been buried in the Great Wall. Shecried and cried for many years. Finally, she cried down the Great Wall andfinally saw her husband.

The Great Wall is beautiful, magnificent, winding, and you are welcome tovisit it.

Hello, tourists! My name is Wang Xiangyu. Im your tour guide. Just call meXiao Wang. Welcome to Jiuhua Mountain. Lets first introduce the generalsituation of Jiuhua Mountain. Jiuhua Mountain is located in Chizhou City, AnhuiProvince. It is the main scenic spot of the "two mountains and one lake" goldentourist area in Anhui Province. It has beautiful scenery and numerous ancienttemples. It is also known as the four famous Buddhist mountains in China withMount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Wutai in Shanxi and Mount Putuo in Zhejiang.

Jiuhua Mountain was not originally called Jiuhua Mountain, but Jiuzimountain in the Tang Dynasty. Because of its beautiful peaks, there are ninepeaks above the clouds, so there are nine Jiuzi mountains. During the reign ofTang Tianbao, Li Bai, an immortal poet, had been there twice

Next, we first enter the Jiuhua Street scenic spot, and the first thing wesee is a stone gate square. It is carved out of marble, 9 meters high, and is animitation of the Hui style architecture of the Qing Dynasty. The banner isengraved with the four characters "Jiuhua Shengjing" written by Emperor Kangxi.There are stone lions carved under the two pillars of the middle gate. The gateis dignified and elegant. After passing the gate, you can see Yingxian bridge.This bridge was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. It is a single holestone arch bridge. Please follow me to this ancient bridge and step into thefairyland!

Well, after visiting Zhiyuan temple, we are now at the center of Jiuhuastreet. What you can see is Huacheng temple, the kaishanzu Temple of JiuhuaMountain. Under the stone steps of Huacheng temple, there are a pair of stonelions in Song Dynasty, one female and one male, which are ancient and clumsy.Huacheng Temple gradually rises according to the terrain, with rigorousstructure, simple and elegant, basically preserving the original style ofkaishanzu temple.

Well, our tour of Jiuhua Mountain has come to an end. Thank you for yoursupport and cooperation in Xiao Wangs work. I hope we will continue to serveyou in the future. Have a good trip! Thank you!

Good morning, everyone.Welcome to this beautiful coastal city-Tianjin. Myname is Li Shimin. You can call me Xiao Li. It’s a great honor to be your tourguide today. On behalf of the Tianjin China International Travel Service and mycolleagues, I am very glad to extend my warm welcome to all of you here. This isour driver, Mr. Wang. He has more than 10 years of driving experience, so youcan be assured that your time on the bus will be safe and comfortable. Duringthe whole days’ travel, Mr. Wang and I will be with you to tour the beautifulsights of Tianjin Ancient Cultural Street.

Now Id like to introduce this famous street to you. This street is locatedin the Nankai District of Tianjin and was formally opened in 1986. Althoughoriginally started a business street, it has become one of the main touristattractions in Tianjin and attracts a great number of tourists every year.

Walk along the street, and you will be particularly impressed by thesplendid classical architecture in the folk style of the Qing Dynasty as well asthe hundreds of stores selling a wide variety of Chinese traditional folkhandicrafts, among which Yang Liuqing New Year Paintings and Niren Zhang PaintedSculptures are the most famous. You can buy whatever you want and taste thedelicious local Tianjin snacks.

Now you have one hour free time to enjoy yourself. I hope you will have agood time here.

Time goes by so quickly and your trip in Tianjin Ancient Cultural Stree isdrawing to a close. It’s really my pleasure to spend a pleasant andunforgettable day with all of you. On behalf of my Chinese colleagues presenthere, I wish to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt thanks to all ofyou. We thank you for your patience and friendliness, which has made our workeasier and has also enabled us to learn many things about your country andpeople. We also appreciate your cooperation and understanding, which has madethe trip a pleasure and success. Here I also express my heartfelt thanks to ourdriver, Mr. Wang for his skilled driving.

If we were unable to meet some of your expectations, we do apologize forthat. Please know that we did our best to keep all of you happy all thetime.

There goes a Chinese saying, “A friend from afar brings one boundless joy.”I hope you’ll take back happy memories of your travel in Tianjin. If you want totravel in Tianjin someday in the future I hope to be your guide again. I’ll takeyou around more tourist sites in Tianjin.

I wish you a pleasant trip to your next destination and smooth journey backto your country.

thank you.

On behalf of Liaoning travel agency, I would like to extend a warm welcometo you all. Today I will show you around the famous Dandong. Now lets enjoy thetour!

[geographical location]

Dandong is located in the northeast of China, in the southeast of LiaoningProvince, across the Yalu River in the East and Xinyi Prefecture of theDemocratic Peoples Republic of Korea, across the Hun River in the northeast andadjacent to Jian City of Jilin Province and Huanren County of Benxi City,Xiuyan County of Anshan in the West, and Zhuanghe City in the southwest. Thestarting point end point China is the northern end of the Chinese mainlandcoastline (the southernmost end of China is the Beilun estuary). The east end ofthe Great Wall in China and the largest border city, built by the river and thesea, can not only feel the charm of the tide, but also feel the slow wind of theriver in Dandong. It is also known as "the most beautiful border city in China".She has five beauties

First, the location is beautiful. Dandong is located at 40 degrees northlatitude, on the same dimension line with the great capital, that is, east ofBeijing. When the sun rises in the East, Dandong is the first city to feel thelight of the sun than Beijing, which deserves to be called the Red OrientalCity.

Dandong is the only "three coastal" border city with "coastal, border andriver" in China. It not only has the first port on the ten thousand mile seaborder line, but also has the convenience of land and sea transportation. Thedeveloped three-dimensional transportation network leads to domestic andforeign. Near the citys 120 km long coastline, there are many islands such asDalu island and zhangdao Island, which are like bright stars scattered in theNorth Yellow Sea. As the first point of the "five points and one line" strategy,the expressway connecting the five points will make Dandong closely linked withother coastal cities in Liaoning Province. Compared with other domestic bordercities, it is an important intersection of the Yellow Sea economic circle andthe Bohai Sea economic circle. It has a 306 km border with the Korean Peninsulaand is the main land passage connecting the Korean peninsula with China andEurasia. Whether it is the land transportation to North Korea or the watertransportation to South Korea, it has the convenient transportation to theworld. In China, there are railways and expressways leading to Dalian, Shenyang,Tonghua and other directions, connecting the transportation network inside andoutside the province in all directions, convenient and fast. There is neitherthe "basin consciousness" and "border consciousness" caused by the locationocclusion, nor the "Cape consciousness" of the border area, but the unique senseof regional pride.

女士们、先生们：

今天，我带领大家去故宫参观游览。故宫又称紫禁城，在北京城中心。占面积72万多平方米，宫殿有楼阁9900余间。是明、清两代皇帝的住所。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。据说，造就故宫就召集了全国著名的工匠23万人左右，民夫100万人，由此可以知道故宫多少大，有多少壮观。故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。

大家请看，这座建筑物就是午门，午门又称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬挂灯赐食百官。到了清代，这个活动就取消了，此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝都要在此接受献俘典礼，皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。关于戏曲舞台上“推出午门斩首”的说法，实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪在午门廷杖，好，我们再往前走。

现在我们已来到了太和殿广场。这是铜香炉，这里一共有18 个，代表清朝18个省。东西两侧各有一只铜制的仙鹤和龟，是代表长寿的象征。看，现在展现在我们眼前的是太和殿，是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，。太和殿俗称金銮殿，太和殿正面有12根大柱，东西约63米，高35米。整个大殿雕梁画栋，一条条巨龙蜿蜒盘旋在大红柱子上，这些龙姿态不一，刻画的栩栩如生。整个宫殿也非常豪华富贵。殿内有2米高的平台，上面雕刻着9条金龙的宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场。

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在此拍照留念。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，下面给大家2小时自由参观的时间，请大家不要在墙上乱涂乱画，保护文化遗产，希望大家玩的愉快。

Ladies and gentlemen:

Today, I guide you to visit the Forbidden City to visit. The Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, in the city center. A castle in the total area of more than 720xx0 square meters, the palace has more than 9900 rooms. As the residence of the Ming and qing dynasties emperor. Around each set one door, the front entrance to the south is the meridian gate, north gate called creature gate, east gate called DongHuaMen, Simon called xihua gate. Is said to bring up the palace called the national famous craftsmen around 230000, civilian worker 1 million people, this can know how big the Palace Museum, how many spectacular. The imperial palace the entire courtyard is divided into two parts, namely the "power" and "bed". "Power" is the place where the emperor held a grand ceremony, in taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace and mandarin house on either side of the things and the hall of martial valor. After the "bed" emperors and empresses, underage children where they live, mainly by the palace of heavenly purity, this temple, palace of earthly tranquility and natural things.

You see, the building is the meridian gate, the meridian gate is also called the five-phoenix towers. In the Ming dynasty, the fifteenth day of the year, meridian gate hanging lamp gives her food. This activity is cancelled in qing dynasty, in addition, every country in triumph, the emperor will be offered in this accept captive ceremony, the emperor personal expedition also out of the meridian gate drive. About drama stage "the launch of meridian gate beheaded", is actually in the Ming dynasty imperial court MingGuan crime in the meridian gate court beating, well, let us go forward again.

Now we have arrived at the hall of supreme harmony square. This is copper incense burner, a total of 18 here, on behalf of the qing dynastys 18 provinces. Things on both sides of each have a bronze crane and turtle, represents a symbol of longevity. Look, now show in front of us is the hall of supreme harmony, is the whole of the tallest buildings in the Forbidden City level, only use the emperor held a grand ceremony, a symbol of imperial power, supreme. The hall of supreme harmony commonly known as during, the hall of supreme harmony with 12 positive pillar of big, something about 63 meters, 35 meters high. The hall, with a dragon winding on bright red post, these dragons have different attitude, depicting the lifelike. Whole palace is also very luxurious riches and honour. Inside is 2 meters high platform, on which carved with nine dragon throne. Folding screen behind gold lacquer, in front of royal. Temple top form as the highest level of double-hipped roof hip roof top, even the ridge of the hall are shibi is also the biggest in China, the overall display "first" everywhere.

After reading the hall of supreme harmony, we look at zhonghe palace. You see! Zhonghe palace is the emperor before the ceremony waiting ji, take a break. Below, please come with me to visit the state banquet hall, Baohe Palace. My dear friends, this temple is the imperial palace imperial three the last in the main hall of the temple, called Baohe Palace. The hall is called the state banquet hall and the imperial examination in qing dynasty.

Now we came to the palace of heavenly purity, it is the emperor in the Forbidden City to live and handle daily politics. In the palace of heavenly purity is divided into the temple, east west NuanGe NuanGe and three parts. Main hall is the emperor to handle daily affairs, temporary according to see the minister, the temple with emperor to the throne and imperial, hanging in the middle of a "legitimate" plaque, it is qing dynasty emperors ZuXun, as a rule, the basic principles of cultivate ones morality, flat world. East, west NuanGe is the place where the emperor night accommodation.

Now please follow me to visit this temple. You look at the four corners to save peaked hall called tai temple, the building is the Ming and qing dynasties birthdays events held the queens birthday. On the horizontal board in the back wall of the hall there are "doing nothing" 2 words, there is the emperor kangxi YuBi, means hope children can be good for the system, the benevolent governance, to national security.

My dear friends, now we came to the garden of the Forbidden City, imperial garden, here is a place for after the emperors recreation. You can be in the pictures.

Due to time relationship, we first talked about here, the following 2 hours of free time to visit to you, please dont graffito of the scribble on the wall, the protection of cultural heritage, we hope you enjoy.

Ladies and gentlemen, now Xiao Li is going to take you to thenext scenic spot, Lijiang ancient city, which is also the most famous scenicspot in Lijiang. Just coming out of the jade clear Yuquan park at the foot ofXiangshan Mountain, we have to follow the Yuquan water flowing from thenorthwest end of the ancient city to the south of the city to the ancient cityof Lijiang, known as "Gusu on the plateau" and "Venice in the East". Here, youwill think that how can Xiao Li exaggerate the name of this plateau town? Infact, it is not exaggerated by Xiao Li at all. The ancient city of Lijiang isdivided into three tributaries, the West River, the middle river and the EastRiver, and then into countless tributaries because of the Yuquan water runningthrough the whole city. There are also many longtans and springs in the city.Taking advantage of this favorable condition, the ancient city has a free layoutof streets and no need for neat network. The main street is next to the river,and the alleys are close to the canals. The clear spring water flows through thestreet and the town, and through the walls and houses. The poetic flavor of"every family flows with water, and every family hangs with Yang" is a trueportrayal of the ancient city. Although it is a small town in Yunnan GuizhouPlateau, it has the characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town.

Lijiang ancient city is also called Dayan town. It is composed of Dayan,Baisha and Shuhe. Dayan ancient city is the representative of them, so peopleoften call it Dayan ancient city or Dayan town. In addition, Dayan ancient cityis located in the center of Lijiang basin. In the southwest corner of theancient city, there stands a writing brush which is similar to Shutian giantpen. Lijiang basin is like a big inkstone made of Jasper. In ancient times,"Yan" and "inkstone" are interlinked, so the ancient city is called Dayan. Wearrived at the ancient city. The most attractive thing at the entrance of thecity should be a pair of waterwheel. Some people say it is a son and motherwaterwheel, while others say it is a lover waterwheel. There used to bewaterwheel in the ancient city, but today it is also used in some remoteplaces.

The ancient city was formed in the late Southern Song Dynasty and has ahistory of more than 800 years. It covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers andhas a permanent population of about 30000. In 1986, it became a nationalhistorical and cultural city. In 1997, it was listed as a world culturalheritage. Lijiang Ancient City has the same characteristics as Suzhou ancientcity, such as "small bridge, flowing water and family". Besides, it also has itslocation, street and house layout, Naxi dwellings and so on There is apattern.

Lijiangs world cultural heritage consists of three parts: Baisha ancienttown, Shuhe ancient town and Dayan ancient town. But for you, the mostattractive thing is Dayan ancient town. There are many entrances to the ancienttown. You follow Xiaoli to enter from the entrance on the right. After you seethe conspicuous waterwheel, on the right is the Zhaobi with President JiangZemins inscription, and there are three rooms and one Zhaobi houses in theancient town Its like you can see one of them. Further to the right is thewater dragon column. The dragon is in charge of water. The civil buildings inthe ancient city are most afraid of fire, but water can overcome fire.Therefore, the water dragon column represents the desire of the people in theancient city to avoid fire. For thousands of years, the people of the ancientcity have taken good care of the ancient city like their own eyes. Please alsotake good care of the ancient city like the people of the ancient city. If youlook at the world cultural heritage logo, the circle represents the earth andnature, the box represents the politeness created by human beings, the circleand the box are connected, representing the harmony between man and nature.Lijiang ancient city is a masterpiece of the harmony between man and nature.These stone carvings on the right can be called Lijiangs "Qingming River map",which is a rich Naxi style painting. At our feet is "bagtu", which was createdby Naxi ancestors according to the theory of five elements. Dongba priests oftenuse it to determine the location and divination.

Xiao Li has told you so much in the ancient city, and you have seen somuch, but he is about to enter the ancient city. How can he not see the gate? Infact, you cant see it. Its also a wonder of Lijiang ancient city, that is, youcant see the city gate or the city wall, because there is no city wall or thecity gate in the ancient city, because the head of Naxi nationalitys surname is"Mu". If the city wall and the city gate are built, it will become "trapped". Sothere is no city wall or the city gate in the ancient city.

Ladies and gentlemen, there must be such a question in mind. There are manyancient cities like this in China. Why is this remote ancient city on theplateau chosen? If you want to get the answer, please follow Xiao Li. A lane, afamily, a careless you stand in a hundred years of history, this feeling, on theroad, in various courtyards, you can feel everywhere. Therefore, this ancientcity is not built for filming or mystery. Its a real and living ancient city.If you look at it, you will feel that its much smoother than the road you justwalked. The stone slabs with five flowers seem to have a lot of gravel in them.However, its a kind of lejiaoyan unique to Lijiang. Its collected from thesurrounding mountains. Because of its colorful colors, the local people call itfive flowers Stone, pedestrian horse tread, after hundreds of years, polishedsmooth and transparent, first-class rain, poetic at your feet, this street iscalled Xinhua street.

On both sides of the street, you can occasionally see couplets of differentcolors pasted on the doors of some peoples houses. Some Naxi people have died,and they all have to commemorate three years. The first year is white coupletwith black characters, the second year is green couplet with black characters,and the third year is couplet pasted. This is the nostalgia of Naxi people fortheir dead relatives. After some forest like pavements, clear river water, smallbridges and weeping willows, it is printed in your eyes, but you dont see itPassing by such a clear river, I can see rows of tables and chairs and bursts ofmusic coming into my ears. This is what the guests call "Foreigner Street".However, the shops on this street are not run by foreigners. The bars there arebookish, rebellious and pure business. Everyone can get what they want. Theconvenient place for people in the city to "recharge" in Lijiang is to find thefeeling in the bar, especially for foreigners. There are friends, there arebridges, water, as long as not drunk, life can find a moment of carefree.

After passing the bar street, you can see a small stone bridge, which iscalled pea bridge because it sold peas there earlier. The small gate building onthe west of the bridge is Kegong square. Kegong square is named in the alleybehind the square. In the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there were twobrothers of the Yang family in the alley, and in the Daoguang period, theiryounger brother was elected again. This is a matter of pride for Lijiang people.In order to praise the Yang family and encourage them, the government praisedthem This is a special place.

Standing there, looking to the East, you can see a vast expanse of space.This is the central square of the ancient city, which covers an area of aboutfive mu. There are two main reasons why it is called Sifang street. One reasonis that the shape of the square is very similar to the square seal of themagistrate. The Tusi named it Sifang street, which means "Quan Zhen Sifang".Some people say that the roads there lead to all directions Its a hub of peopleand logistics in all directions, so its called Sifang street. So why is Sifangstreet so famous? If the silk road is another world-famous trade channel in thenorth of China, there is also a trade channel in the south of China called "teahorse ancient road". It is a trade channel for the horses, fur, Tibetan medicineand other specialties in the Tibetan area and Lijiang, as well as tea, silk,jewelry and other commodities in the south. Lijiang ancient city is an importanttown on the tea horse ancient road, and Sifang street is an important town Sinceancient times, Sifang street, a trade center, has been an open-air fair with ahistory of 300 years. It is necessary to realize the mystery of Sifang street.In the early morning, people who get up early begin to buy breakfast, which is ahazy Sifang street. In the afternoon, traders who buy Copper, mountain goods andsnacks form a prosperous market, which is energy Sifang street is full ofvitality; its just dark, when businessmen go home, there are still people andsunshine left after a time of friction. The old people basking in the sun at thebridge head are replaced by children playing, and the bars on both sides showthe oily light of night. This is Sifang Street with makeup. At about two oclockin the morning, Sifang street people go to empty streets, and the alleys areunpredictable, only the sound of flowing water rises and falls Lijiang faces thesky. "Li Jun

There are three major events in Lijiang mens life: building a house,marrying a daughter-in-law, and basking in the sun. Lijiang men have an unusualhobby and a lot of time for planting flowers, raising birds, writing, drawingand playing mahjong. Men are good at all kinds of activities in the hospital. Inaddition, one of their favorite outdoor activities is sitting in. Naxi Women canonly sleep in one day on the first day of the Lunar New Year. From "Pan Ji Mei"to "a nai", the blink of an eye is only two words "industrious". Naxi Women workfrom morning to night, from physical work to small business, from cleaning upthe fields to killing pigs, from sewing clothes to making a fire to cook. Theyare all like Fairies in the world, while men have no time to do so. Naxi peoplehave a large number of Chinese people, which makes people dizzying. It can notbe said that Naxi Women have brought up Naxi culture.

Naxi people are good at learning, which can also be reflected in theresidential buildings in the ancient city. While absorbing the architecturalstyles of Han, Tibetan, Bai and other nationalities, the ancient city dwellingsalso integrate the national architectural culture and aesthetic consciousness,forming many architectural styles with Naxi characteristics, such as three roomsand one screen wall, four in five patio, front and back courtyard, one inseveral courtyard, etc., and forming a strong foundation in the setting ofgatehouse and front porch, patio paving, Liuhe door and its decoration Thecharacteristics of local culture and national culture. If you ask which part ofthe courtyard is the most distinctive, it is the Liuhe gate of the main room andthe window core on the Liuhe gate, which is called "four seasons Bo Gu".Although these are also the results of learning Han, Tibetan, Bai and othernational cultures. But at the moment, there is no other nation like Naxi. Everyfamily must have Liuhe gate and "four seasons Bogu". Look at this six door,which can be installed or removed. Its convenient and flexible. When itsopened, its the door and when its closed, its the window. Usually, only themiddle two doors are opened. If there are many red and white guests at home andit is inconvenient to walk, the six doors can be removed. The window core carvedon the Liuhe gate is called "four seasons Bo Gu". In the composition, famousflowers and different flowers, auspicious birds and auspicious animals, andperfect allusions are used to express the perfect wishes of Naxi people for fourauspicious seasons, happiness and longevity, and for farming and reading theirdescendants. You can see that there are different patterns on the six doors,which are "pines and cranes with spring", "spring" and "longevity", which are"magpies competing for plum", which are "winter" and "joy", which are "Eaglesstanding on chrysanthemums", which are "autumn" and "blessing", which are"egrets in the sky", which are "summer" and "Lu", which are "peacock Magnolia"and "Golden Rooster peony". Please think about it What moral do theyrepresent.

After crossing Wuyi street, you can see many small bridges. At the foot ofthis small stone bridge, you cant help sitting down and having a rest. When yousee the words "centenary square" beside the bridge, its not hard to guess thatthis is centenary square. Just imagine the origin of centenary square. Mostpeople think that centenary square is related to the old people. Thatsright.

ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where were arrivingis one of the two most beautiful town in China----the old town of fenghuang, itsa very important point that connects huaihua hunan and tongren guizhoutogether.and its the hometown of mr shengcongwen.

fenghuang has wonderful natural landscapes,its very hot for travellingsince the old time. even a lot of teleplays were produced here.fenghuang is alsoa dradle for famous people ,shencongwen and xiongxiling are both spent theirchildhood here.now, lets set out to enjoy these fantastic good views.

THE FORMER RESIDENCE OF SHENCONGWEN

This is the former residence of shencongwen,a very famous auther,archaeologist and historian in china.

lined in the zhongying street in the south part of the fenghuang old town,the residence is a typical spacious ancient countryard with special tectonicstyle of ming and qing dynasty. walk into the yard, you can find that there is asmall patio in the center of the countryard. which is built with red rock.around the patio , there are about 10 rooms which are small but decorated byspecial carved wooden windows .its so beautiful.

common people,and know their tragic lives. this special experience stunnedup his enthusiasm of writhing . so in 1919, mr shen went to beijing alone, andbegan his hard writing . after his series of works WEST OF HUNAN FRINGE TOWNwere punished, mr shen became nation -wide well -known.at that time, he was evenas famous as luxun, another famous auther in chiese literature area. its saidthat shencongwen is the one who is the most possible to win the prize.

mr shen devoted all his life to writing,his 5-million word works are thoughas the precious legacy to the world literature.meanwhile, these works are alsovery veluable date for researching the history of hunan province and evenchina.

Located in Shuangxi, outside Shilin, Taipei City, it was originally the"Zhongshan Museum". It was built in 1965 to commemorate Sun Yat Sens birthday.The whole building imitates the palace style design of the Forbidden City inBeijing. The appearance is strong and magnificent, which is the essence ofChinas collection of cultural relics.

The building of the museum is divided into four floors. The plan of themain courtyard adopts plum blossom shape and is divided into five halls. Thefirst floor is lecture hall, office and library; the second floor is exhibitionroom, hall and gallery, which are used to display calligraphy and painting.There are eight exhibition rooms around, displaying bronzes, porcelains, modelsof houjiazhuang garden and artifacts from the tomb; on the third floor, thereare calligraphy and painting, jade ware, magic tools, carving and books,literature, stele and embroidery; on the fourth floor, there are various specialresearch rooms.

The Palace Museum is a world-renowned collection of nearly 700000 pieces.Due to the continuous acceptance of donation and purchase, the collection isincreasing every year, among which ceramics, calligraphy and painting, bronzeware are the most complete. In addition, there are jade, lacquerware, duobaogeenamel ware, stationery, carving, embroidery, printed books and Manchu Mongolianarchives. The Cuiyu cabbage on the third floor, the meat shaped stone and theporcelain on the second floor attract the most attention of tourists. Most ofthe tourists who come to Chinese Taiwan will come here.

Lying at the center of Beijing， the Forbidden City， called Gu Gong， in Chinese， was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum， it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape， it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate， to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)， which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters， while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section， or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section， or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court， fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries， it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987， the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.

Construction of the palace complex began in 1407， the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 1420. It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan， a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.

Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family， it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However， there is one exception. Wenyuange， the royal library， has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.

Nowadays， the Forbidden City， or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders， the grand and deluxe halls， with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".

尊敬的各位考官!您好!我是考生 __X，我已经准备好了，可以开始了么!

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎大家来到景德镇古窑民俗博览区参观游览。我是此次景德镇古窑民俗博览区的导游员小赵，我很荣幸陪同大家一起参观游览，下面将由我来为大家讲解景德镇古窑民俗 博览区。

瓷都风采

景德镇，位于江西省东北部的低山、丘陵地带。这里山环水绕，制瓷资料充足，能工巧匠云集， 外销水运通畅。“水土宜陶”，是天然的产瓷区。

东晋开始设镇，名“新平”。唐代几易镇名。至景德元年(公元 1004 年)，因当地的贡瓷倍受皇室青睐而改昌南镇为“景德镇”。至今，“景德镇”之名已沿用千年。

瓷业的兴旺，带来了商业的繁荣，并形成了具有瓷文化底蕴的城镇特色。景德镇以珠山御窑厂为中心，周围坯房密布，窑场四起，红店、柴行及瓷庄比比皆是，甚至连一些百姓家居都是由窑砖头、匣钵屑等瓷业废弃物搭建。“江南雄镇”的昔日风采，至今依稀可见。

景德镇四大传统名瓷

景德镇瓷器“白如玉、明如镜、薄如纸、声如磬”，自古以来，名扬天下。在琳琅满目的瓷器中，最为著名的青花瓷，青花玲珑瓷、颜色釉瓷、粉彩瓷被人们誉为“中华民族文化之精萃”、“瓷国之瑰 宝”。

一、青花瓷

青花瓷是我国陶瓷史上最优秀的瓷器品种之一，自创烧以来，一直都是景德镇瓷业的主流产品， 以致于历经近 800年而不衰。青花瓷的烧造成功，是我国陶瓷史上最具有划时代意义的事件，中国瓷 器从此进入了彩瓷时代，它使中国绘画技巧与制瓷工艺的结合更趋成熟。

青花瓷是一种以氧化钴为显色的配制颜料——“青花瓷”，在瓷坯上进行绘画装饰，再罩以透明釉，经高温一次烧成的釉下彩绘瓷器。其特点为黑色青翠，清新明丽，幽静雅致，具有中国水墨画的艺术效果。青花瓷整个器物，鲜丽的蓝色图案，与瓷胎青白相映，相得益彰，艳而不俗，鲜而不佻， 明朗而又安定，华丽而又沉着，艺术价值极高。

由于不同的运笔，不同的技法，不同的构思，不同的用料，使得每个时期的青花装饰产生不同的艺术效果，呈现出鲜明的时代特征，其主要分为元代青花瓷、明代青花瓷、清代青花瓷。

二丶青花玲珑

瓷 晶莹、幽雅的青花玲珑瓷，是景德镇传统名瓷，创烧于明代永乐年间。它既汲取了青花技术之特长，又采纳了镂雕艺术之妙法，具有轻巧致密，素雅清新的特点。外国人称其为“嵌玻璃的瓷器”，一 直以来誉满中外。

青花玲珑是一种釉下青花加玲珑雕镂的综合装饰。它是在瓷坯上，先制作玲珑透剔的米粒状洞，称为“米通”，俗称“玲珑眼”，再以“玲珑釉”充满玲珑眼，结合呈色青翠的青花纹饰，施釉入窑高温一次烧成。

青花玲珑的装饰风格与众不同，它的玲珑釉色透明带绿，小孔处透明性强，仿佛开了一个个的小窗户，阳光和灯光透过，成瓷组成的玲珑眼的特殊纹样，艺术效果别具一格。加之与青花装饰相结合，在白中泛青的釉色衬托下，显得分外精巧细腻，朴素大方，清新明朗。

如今，玲珑眼也由单一“米通”，发展为圆、尖、扁、线、弯曲等形式。并能组成各种花鸟、水浪、云彩人物等形状，丰富了青花玲珑的装饰效果，使之更加丰富多采。

三丶颜色釉瓷颜色釉是一种以金属氧化物(铁、铜、锰、钴)为着色剂，在适当的气氛中经一定的温度烧成后，能够呈现了某种固有色彩的釉料。其釉面斑驳璀璨、呈色五彩缤纷，有的像洁白的云朵在蓝天飘游，有的像晶莹的露珠在草坪闪烁，有的像晶亮的星星在银河眨眼，有的像彤红的太阳在天边升腾，有的像碧澄的江水在静静奔流，有的像艳丽的宝石在熠熠闪光，有的像熊熊的烈火在炉膛 燃烧，有的像美丽的孔雀在翩翩开屏……

景德镇是烧造颜色釉瓷器历史最长、品种最多、质量最好、成就最高的地区之一。景德镇的颜色釉瓷以丰富多彩的釉色，精致完美的器物、风格迥异的造型，清亮耀目的光泽，而成为世界工艺美术史上一颗闪烁着夺目光华的明珠，至今仍令人眼花缭乱，心驰神往、流连忘返、叹为观止。

四丶粉彩瓷 粉彩属于釉上彩绘装饰。釉上彩绘是在已经烧成的瓷胎上进行绘画装饰，然后经过 800℃左右的低温烧烤，以使画面熔融后固化在瓷器表面的装饰技法。

早在宋元时期，景德镇瓷工就开始了用含金属氧化物的彩料在瓷器表面进行装饰的尝识，到明代宣德年间，御窑厂成功烧造出釉下青花与釉上彩绘相结合的青花斗彩瓷器。明中期以后，以成化斗彩、万历青花五彩(以青花作为五彩中一种色彩的彩瓷谓青花五彩。)为代表的釉上彩绘瓷器发展迅速，至清初康熙年间釉上蓝彩出现以后，釉上彩瓷器开始脱离青花的约束而成为一个独立的瓷器装饰门类。康熙五彩(红、绿、黄、蓝、黑)色泽厚实，浓艳，亦称之为“硬彩”，景德镇称其为“古彩”。

雍正时期，景德镇瓷工又在康熙五彩的基础上，参照珐琅彩(清宫廷御用器彩料)的制作工艺，把含有氧化砷的玻璃料掺入含铅的彩料中，使彩料产生乳白色的效果，这种含砷的玻璃料被景德镇瓷工称为“玻璃白”。如果以康熙五彩为基础，在其彩料中加入玻璃白，使所有颜色都会“粉化”成不同深浅浓淡的色调，彩料的颜色都会变成带粉白的色调，如红色变成粉红色，绿色变成粉绿色等等。这些温润的中间色不仅能给人以粉润柔和的感受，而且扩大了釉上彩的色调范围，使色彩可以渲染，层次、深浅、阴阳分明，画法可以更加细致入微。由于它的特点就是带粉白色调，所以人们便称之为粉 彩，景德镇瓷工亦称之为“软彩”。

粉彩饰的特点是颜色明亮，粉润柔和，色彩丰富，绚丽雅致，绘画工笔，写意俱全，在人物、山水、花鸟等题材的装饰上具有很强的表现力，富有国画风格。粉彩瓷在雍正年间最负盛名，釉上彩瓷器到了这个时期，已经发展到了一个百花争艳的阶段，它标志着我国传统的釉上彩瓷器的发展达到了 极高的水平。

关于景德镇古窑民俗博览区的介绍就为大家讲到这里，现在大家可以自由参观一下，按照计划的 时间回到这里，祝大家玩得愉快。

The Mountain Summer Resort

Topic: define the Mountain Summer Resort as “garden bright pearl, scienceopen-air museum”.

Part one: how this garden is special.

_Question:(Outside the resort, to sitimulate the tourist’s interests)

Our garden experts said that, the Summer Vacation Mountain Village is theminiature of our beautiful motherland. Why can the experts say like this?

_Introduction:

Chengde Summer Resort is in the northern part of Chengde city, Heibeiprovince. Chengde Imperial Palace also known as the Rehe Place, where Qingemperors spent their summer days and work in, so it was not an imperial summerpalace in its usual meaning, but became a important centre next to Beijing.

_Knowledge about the layout:

There are two parts of the resort——the palaces and a scenic area.

The palaces were for emperors to handled political affairs and lived in.The scenic area includes lakes, hills and grassland. There are eight artificiallakes. Emperor kangXi commented the resort as “having the mountains as the boneand water as the heart ”. Emperor QianLong’s remark, “Though it is named asmountain resort, its beauty is in water” highlighted the feature of the resort.Because KangXi and QianLong have toured in south China many times andappreciated a lot of beauties there, so that beauties were like been moved bythe emperors into the resort. So this garden has the north and south style in abody.

_Answer of the question:

The natural mountains and rivers built it was copied the landscape fromsouthern Jiangsu and outside Shanhaiguan, there has forests, lakes, grasslandand mountains; almost include all kinds of the landscapes of China.

Outside the palaces is the eight outer temples, this temples surroundingthe palaces like the star surrounding the Moon, symbolized the national variousnationalities closely around the Qing Dynasty’s rule center.

Part two: Great values of the resort.

In our country history:

The Mountain Summer Resort has witnessed the Qing Dynasty’s consolidationand development. Said from its rich history connotation, it is really a nationaland religious history museum.

_Question:Why Mountain Summer Resort is considered as “intangible GreatWall”?

When the Qing government made Beijing its capital, it paid attention to therelationship with the national minorities in Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, andkeep a marriage relation with them. It can be seen like this way: the templesaround the Mountain Summer Resort were the outcome of the policy of nationalsolidarity and consolidation of the multi-national country.

We know the Ming Dynasty has built Great Wall, but the policy of buildingthe Mountain Summer Resort is more effectual .

From the cultural value:

In the resort, Han Nationality culture and some national minority cultures,both display respective characteristics and absorb from each other. Now Chengdealready towards to the world, the culture is not belongs to china also theuniverse.

长城英文导游词

dear visitors:

hello everybody! now our automobile is going on the badaling highway,must enter the badaling scenic area immediately which soon visits.front that mountain is the jundu, the badaling great wall occupies onthis mountain. in the spring and autumn period warring states time,our country ancient times the people on already started to constructthe great wall, at that time the feudal lord strove for hegemony, inorder to protect own territory not to encroach, therefore hasconstructed the great wall in abundance in respective boundary, wascalled mutually guards against the great wall.

but our country once appeared three to construct the great wall thepeak, respectively was the qin great wall, the chinese great wall,bright great wall. chin shihhuang in 221 b.c. unified area south ofyellow river, has established the qin dynasty, in order to strengthenthe rule north, defends nomads invasion, therefore will send thesenior general to hoodwink 恬 300,000 armies and very many laborforces the original north swallow, zhao, the qin great wall haslinked, and performed to expand, the lasted 9 years constructed westnear 洮 east to be continuous wan li to liaodong the great wall, thisalso will be in the chinese history the together great wall. to thehan dynasty, martial emperor of han dynasty also was for strengthenthe defense, "was not called hu madu the yin", has constructed anearly 20,000 mile great wall, simultaneously this also has protectedthe new development silk road, the chinese great wall is the qin greatwall together the front position and the defense line, west itxinjiang, east arrived liaodong, was in the chinese history constructsthe great wall longest dynasty. but the bright great wall is in thechinese history constructs the great wall the high point, the projectis big, essence of the technical is unique. same year zhu yuanzhangestablished ming dynasty in the unification nation in the process, hasaccepted "gao zhuqiang, guang jiliang, slow name king" suggestion. atthat time yuan dynasty although already perished, but also ismaintaining the quite complete military power, in addition graduallyrises nuzhen races unceasing invasion, therefore starts to constructthe great wall. the ming dynasty large-scale constructed the greatwall to achieve 18 were next many, only then basically has last yearsfinished to the ming dynasty, east nearby liaoning dandong yalurivers hushan, west to gansu jiayuguans bright great wall span 6,350kilometers. the bright great wall has three characteristics, buildsthe construction completely, manages the consummation, the layout isstrict. but we saw today the badaling great wall is a bright greatwalls part. but great wall in our country ancient times mostprimitive goal although is the defense, but at the same time it alsoplayed other roles. first is the military function, the second pieceis the economical function, it not only promoted the development andthe northern border economy development which opens up wasteland,moreover also is the area south of yellow river common people enjoys agood and prosperous life, third promoted various nationalitiesfusion. in addition, it has also protected the communication andpromoted the to foreign countries opening up. what is worthmentioning, in our country ancient times, not only only has thesethree time constructs the great wall the experience, according to thestatistics, in about in , successively some more than 20 feudallords country and the feudal dynasty all has constructed the greatwall, some people have made the sketchy computation, if the great wallwill rebuild together the height 5 meters, the depth 1 meter big wall,will many circle the earth 10 many all to have the wealth. famousfolklore: the beacon-fire play feudal lord and meng jiangnyu cry greatwall also is occurs in the great wall. now, the great wall afterpasses through several time repairs and maintains, basically restoredthe former appearance, is included in 1987 by the united nationseducational, scientific and cultural organization "world cultureinheritance name list", moreover it or now in world longest defensivecity wall! proliferated the our country 16 areas, the span hasachieved 10. 80,000 miles.

we passed through a moment ago the road, took place in yu guangou.guan gou is the mt. yanshan sierra and jundu sierra junction meetingplace, south changping area nankouzhen, northwest to yanqing countybadaling great walls area just outside the city gate, span 40 miles.is the area south of yellow river area leads to northwest plateau thepharynx and larynx important highway. the ming dynasty has arrangedfour defense lines in here, respectively is the nankou pass, occupiesthe commonplace pass, on closes, badaling. folds on the green jademountain in guan gouzhong, once had jin dynasty famous yanjing one ofeight scenery: occupies commonplace folds the green jade, what a pitynow the landscape already no longer existed.

we saw a moment ago that railroad was designs the construction by ourchinese the first railroad, designs peking-kalgan line by zhantianyou. because badaling area topography complex, the technicaldifficulty are very many, therefore zhan tianyou designs the personfont railroad, the success solved the train not to be able directly toclimb and the curve difficult problem, but made a connection longreaches 1,091 meters tunnels also to sigh the chinese and foreignpublic figure the clothing. now the bronze statue which sets up in theblack dragon bridge train station is zhan tianyou, but also has themonument.

closes the ditch because of to occupy the commonplace pass but to befamous, we may see front the grand construction occupies thecommonplace pass, its name origins from the qin dynasty, to chinshihhuang moves "the commonplace person" in here to live thereforeacquires fame. in the area inside the great wall, some famous whitemarble shitai, it is yuan dai as soon as has sat the streettower, above originally has three tibet type pagoda, destroyed in theafterwards earthquake. the ming dynasty in the original position ] hasestablished the taian temple, but has been destroyed in the kangxidynasty, only leaves behind now us to see the column foundation andlooks the column. baiyu shitaithe area has 310 square meter under ticket gate onto engrave has the lion, the elephant, the weird creature, relief andso on jin chiniao, separately represented the buddhism dense ancestor fivesides five buddhas place to ride, but also had tianlongbabu toprotect buddhist law the deity the relief. on the endophragm also hadthe four great heavenly gods relief and the god beastly design, theticket goes against also covers entirely daturas pattern, in theflower has engraved has the image of buddha, altogether 2,215. alsosome six kind of languages engrave "tuoluonepal after incantation" and "make towermerit to record", these all are yuan dai artistic high-quality goods,has the very high artistic value.

the badaling great wall is in the bright great walls outstandingrepresentative, because here extends in all directions, thereforebecomes badaling. possibly everybody can ask that, why has to speakthe great wall to construct in here? actually this mainly is becauseof the badaling area important geographical position. it not only isguarding the bright imperial tomb, moreover also is beijingsnorthwest front door.

the badaling great wall is in the history many significant eventstestimonies, for example the dreary queen mother patrols good fortune, yuan taizuenters the pass, west empress dowager cixi runs away and so on,badaling all is after all the road. speaks of here, but also somestory must say for everybody: is located closes the east end gateroadside, some megalith, the fable the eight power expeditionary forceattacked into beijing in 1900, cixi runs away in the west on the waypasses through here, once stood in this stone other day looks thenational capital, therefore this stone on is also called looks thebeijing stone. but present this stone already not that highlighted.

some speech everybody certainly knew that, not to great wall non- realman. introduced a moment ago that many landscape, you are certainlyanxious want to arrive the scenic area to tour, does not use theworry, you also had to become the real man immediately. good, here isthe famous badaling great wall distant place is the grand scenery, butdownward looked is the great wall important constituent old man city,he generally all constructs on the strategic in position keycommunication line. between old man city two is distanced 63.9 meters,the west gate inscribed horizontal tablet: key to defense of thenorth, i already have said in front. the east gate inscribedhorizontal tablet is: occupies the commonplace outside town, themeaning occupies a commonplace outside the passes strategic place. nowwe looked to the right release that, is ascending chengkou the southside to exhibit a cannon, named: invincible might general. ischong zhen year the manufacture.

the badaling great wall has three two walls compositions, what isthree two walls? now lets me give everybody to explain, threerespectively are the tower on a city wall, the enemy tower, tower on acity wall structure is extremely simple, only is the officers andsoldiers which guards evades the cold the place. that enemy towerstructure relative wants complex somewhat, divides into two, the lowerlevel is by the field, the well, returns, and so on the glyphcomposes, the upper formation has the crenel and looks the hole isobserves the military situation and the archery uses, therefore herealso has defends enemys function.

under arrived the beacon tower, also is called the beacon-fire, wolfyantai. is disagrees the great wall connected independentconstruction. once the enemy attack, lights the beacon-firenotification military situation, the ancient rewards the smoke whichthe daytime lights to be called beacon-fire, the evening is called the flint.ming dynasty time, but also has made the strict stipulation to thebeacon-fire and enemys relations that, enemy hundred, burn a smokeartillery; five caucasians, burn two smoke two artillery; abovethousand people, three smoke three artillery; above 5,000 people, foursmoke four artillery; above ten thousand people, five smoke fiveartillery. on through this way, in the border pass military situationcan the rapid transmission palace wall imperial palace.

said three, under on said next two walls. the great wall flank tallwall is called 牒 the wall, has the crenel is uses for to defend theenemy. but the inside insufficient meter high is called the daughterwall, also is called the space wall. in most starts the great wallinside is does not have the daughter wall, but frequently some peoplecan fall down the cliff, therefore has constructed this wall. each notfar has a small drainage in the great wall lower part of wall place,rainy day time by spits the tap to outside to drain water, in order toavoid the water washes out the city wall. but inside great walls walluses the stone block to cast, outside builds the brick, again spreadsout the flagstone in above, thus causes the building to be extremelyreliable!