洛阳白马寺的英文导游词(实用20篇)

Welcome to here, let me to introduce for everybody!

Wild goose pagoda is located in the southern suburbs within the temple, is the national famous ancient buildings, is regarded as the symbol of the ancient capital of xi an. It was said that tangs monk came back from the experiences of India (ancient tianzhu), specializing in translation and the scriptures. Because imitation Indian wild goose pagoda style of the wild goose pagoda. Since then in changan jianfu temple built a small wild goose pagoda, to distinguish, people are often given, jianfu temple tower called the small wild goose pagoda, has spread so far. Wild goose pagoda square plane, built on a party about 45 meters, about 5 meters high stylobate. Seven layers, the bottom side length of 25 meters, from the ground to the top of the tower is 64 meters high. The towers are built with bricks, ground brick for seam strong anomalies. Tower with stairs, can be upwards. Each layer all around a arch form, and can be trapped. Changan view panoramic view. The bottom of the tower is shek mun, have fine lines on the door mast carved Buddha, for big has write in tang dynasty. Within the recess on either side of the tower, the south gate brick, with one of the four famous calligrapher in b on the book of tang monk st preface to teach and the Assyrian monk holy teaching sequence, two pieces of stone tablets. War after tang dynasty, temple, the house burned down, only the wild goose pagoda stand alone.

Another story: the wild goose pagoda was built in the tang Gao Zongyong badge for three years, because of located within the temple, so The tower also known as temple. Temple is the tang dynasty twenty-two years (648) prince Li Zhi reading his mother queen wants to chase. Wild goose pagoda built in only five layer. Wu zetian was rebuilt, and later after numerous repairs. The tower is now seven layers, a total of 64 meters, square pyramid shaped. The tower for the blue brick flies in the build by laying bricks or stones becomes, the layers of wall column fang, bar and so on wood structure. Each layer all around has coupons masonry arch. This in the 2-foot-tall tower, modelling concise, magnificence, is a masterpiece of buddhist art in China. Wild goose pagoda, on both sides of the south gate to the inlaid with b, a famous calligrapher write two pieces of stone tablets of the tang dynasty. One is the preface to tang monk SAN teaching; Another piece is the emperor tang from the teaching sequence, the tang monk holy. A beautiful monument side creeping weed decorative pattern, design, modelling is vivid. These are the research in the tang dynasty calligraphy, painting, sculpture art important cultural relics. Big temple is the most famous and most HongLi Tang Changan city buddhist temple, it is built in the tang dynasty royal decree.

Longevity monk xuan zang, once conducted temple service here and get a tube of sutras translation field, founded Buddhism sect. He personally DuZao temple pagoda is. So big temple has a very prominent position in the history of Chinese doctrines, has been brought to the attention of the domestic and foreign.

Temple gate, the bell and drum tower confrontation. Bell and drum is a temple on the REINS, vulgar said the morning bell and evening drum reminders. The east tower in suspension in the Ming dynasty iron bell, weight thirty thousand jins, three meters. Students in tang dynasty, after the exceeded otherregions jinshi to jion tower under the title, "the wild goose pagoda" title ", after turned lineage. The tang dynasty painter wu daoxuan, wang wei has been for the temple murals, such as precious little already annihilation. But in the wild goose pagoda, stone of four door lintel, door frame, has kept the fine line in the tang dynasty. Westone lintel carved palace figure of the lines is particularly valuable.

The wild goose pagoda, a monks tomb tower group. Six of them are built in the qing dynasty. Ursa major palace is is the center of the temple buildings, there are three bodies like the Buddha, bodhisattva, and arhat clay sculpture. Is the chanting of course. Dharma is a lecture that place. Hall with amitabha Buddha statue.

Today CiSi temple is the scale since the Ming dynasty, the temple of the temple is the construction of the late qing dynasty. Now after repair of great wild goose pagoda, the majestic, ancient pagoda temple, the temple incense incense, garden flowers bloom, which is a special attract domestic and foreign tourists to visit.

Ladies, gentlemen,

Welcome to the" land of fish and rice" - - Suzhou.Suzhou ,one of the Chinese"Cities of gardens"tops all others in both number and artistry of gardens.Starting from Pijiang Garden of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,Suzhous art of gardening has undergone a history of1500 years.The concept of Suzhou classical gardens has gone beyond the city the regions of the Yangtze. The four classical gardens of Suzhou are The Surging Waves Pavilion.The Lion Grove Garden Garden .The Humble AdministratorGarden.The Lingering Garden.In a nutshell ,represent the different architectural styles of Song.Yuan.Ming.Qing dynasties.

My friends, now we are in The Lingering Garden. It is located in Liuyuan Road, Suzhou City. It was built by Xutaishi in Ming Dynasty. At that time it was named Eastern Garden.

There are three treasures in The Lingering Garden. The first treasure are Stones.The stone in front of us is the most distinguishing stone "Guangyun Peak". With a weight of 5 tons and a height of 6.5 meters, it is one of the four Wonderful Stones in the regions of the Yangtze.

The calligrapher and painter Mifu in Song Dynasty sum up the features of Lake Tai stones as the following: slender ,wrinkling , leaking , penetrating. Just take the "guangyun Peak" as an example and you will have some idea about the features of the stones. In addition, it is endowed with the personal characters of faithfulness because of its nature of stiffness and unchangeable outlook. Thus it has been worshipped by people since old time.

The second treasure is "Five peak fairy Hall" "Five peaks fairy hall" gets the reputation of "The first hall in the regions of Yangtze" . The name comes from the lines of the great poet Libai. The four Chinese characters on the plaque were written by Wuda---the famous calligrapher. Nanmu Hall used to be the place for important banquets and ceremonies, such as birthday parties, weddings , funerals .

The hall is divided into two sections__the south section and the north section. The south section host male guests, while the south section host female guests.

The hall is elegantly designed with oversized windows on east and west sides . Through the windows, the outside sceneries of the two courtyards can be extended as parts of the hall, thus to ensure enough lights into the building.

Five peaks fairy hall was built out of luxury materials. Beams and pillars are all Nanmu, which is a kind of timber only produced in China. That is also the reason why "five peaks fairy hall" is also commonly called "Nanmu Hall". The "Fossil Fish" we are enjoying is the third treasure of Lingering Garden. It is a natural marble picture. In the middle of the picture are the clutters of mountains which are Partly hidden and partly visible; below are flowing Streams,above are floating clouds; right on the middle top is a round white spot like a sun or a moon.It is a picture drawn by the nature. The marble stone has a diameter of 1 meter or so and a thickness of 15 mms . It was produced in Diancang Mountain, YunNan province. It is a wonder how such big a stone was delivered in a good condition from YunNan which is over one thousand mile away from Suzhou.

China is most famous for its elegant classical gardens.

Among these, the lingering Garden is one representative. If you would like to know more about Chinese culture, we welcome you to visit Suzhou again.

菩萨殿殿内正中供奉的是大慈大悲观世音菩萨，其实菩萨是佛教对其的尊称，而在道教里她却被尊称为慈航真人，据《历代神仙通鉴》记载：相传商王时期，在普陀山落伽岩潮音洞中有一位女真人，发愿要普度世间所有男女。她经常以丹药及甘露水济人，南海人称之为慈航真人。另据李善注引《灵宝经》说：禅黎世界坠王有一个女儿，其名姓音，她生下来直到四岁仍不能说话，坠王就将她抛弃在南浮桑之阿空山之中。姓音没有东西吃，便靠咽气、引月服精等功法来延长生命。有一天她在丹凌之舍遇到一位神人，姓音不能说话，便用右手在赤石上写了一些文字。神人看到她写的文字文辞美妙，便让她用心回忆自己所写的文章。姓音一面回忆，一面焦急的总想说出来，不知不觉竟然说出话来。因为神人经常来看姓音，因此后人也称其为观音。观音出山回到国中，国家正有灾难，地上就像着火了一样，而且许多人都因为天旱缺水而死去。于是姓音就祈祷上天降雨，没有多久天上就下其了甘雨，地上也涌出了灵泉，草木得到滋润，田禾也巨丰。因此被人们所信奉。北京白云观和青岛崂山太清宫都供奉有慈航道人的圣像。

五里坡这里到山顶只有二百七十米了，可是由于山路崎岖陡峻，人们走着的时候总有五里那么远的感觉，所以山下群众叫它五里坡。

Visitors, friends:

Hello everyone！ Im a tour guide from Chongqing China International Travel service. This one behind me is the driver of our tour, Mr. zhang. I am honored to have the opportunity to serve you, welcome to Chongqing tourism, later, I will lead you to visit known as "stone town" laudatory name Dazu Rock carvings. Dazu rock carvings are about 130 kilometers from the main city of Chongqing, and the driving time is about 2.5 hours. During this period, I first made a brief introduction to Dazu rock carvings for everyone.

Dazu stone is a general term for the territory of Chongqing Dazu County, all carved stone statues of art, reflects the China Buddhist and secular life, the process is a large set of Confucianism Buddhism Grottoes statues in one of the statues, the first cut in the early Tang Dynasty Yonghui years (650 years), after the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, flourished in the two the Song Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties have been carved. Eventually formed a large scale, set Chinese art of stone a stone base, called on behalf of China advanced grotto art, and the Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes and Mogao Grottoes as of December 1, 1999, was included in the "World Heritage list of UNESCO". 07 years was named the national 5A class scenic spots. Dazu Rock Carvings group has more than 70 stone statues, totaling more than 50 thousand, and more than 10 words of inscriptions. Among them, in Beishan, Baoding mountain, Nanshan Mountain, Shimen mountain, stone seal five Grottoes is the most characteristic.

There are two kinds of origins is a name of the Dazu rock carvings, Dazu as a traditional agricultural area, mild climate, weather, crop stability, people live and work in peace, for the Dazu Dafeng, so named. There is also related to Buddhist legend, legend has it that Shakya Muni in the eve of Nirvana has been to Dazu, in which the Buddha left a pair of big feet, it is called local dazu.

The stone is located in Dazu County about 1 kilometers north, a total of 5000 statues in the statue, by the late Tang Cishi Wei Junjing dug in the first year of Tang Jingfu, by local officials, gentry, and other construction, to the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing years (892 - 1162) ended, lasted for 250 years. The sculpture is exquisite, beautiful and elegant known to the world, show the development, late Tang to Song Dynasty China Folk Buddhism belief and grotto art style changes, especially in the most prominent Guanyin statues, known as the "China Guanyin statues museum". In Kitayama stone popular Buddhist art mainly reflects the secularization of Buddhism, the Sutra cave runner is recognized as "a pearl on the crown of China grotto art".

Baoding mountain stone is located in Dazu County, 15 km east of NATO, the Song Dynasty monk Zhao Zhifeng in the Southern Song Dynasty Chunxi to junsuke years (1174 - 1252) presided over the construction, which lasted more than 70 years, with Shengshou temple as the center, including the fowan, small fowan 13 statues group, total statues of nearly 10000 statue, with the theme of Buddhism the main characters of the story of Tantric statues, like a large group of Buddhist shrines, stone carving art essence. Baoding mountain Avalokitesvara, like Buddha, Kowloon bath Prince and other famous scenic spots.

Nanshan stone is located in Dazu County southeast, was carved in the Southern Song Dynasty, there are statues of the 15 caves, with Taoist statues, carved exquisite, the figure is the most beautiful carvings, Taoist God of the most complete stone carving art in China

Tourist friends, this is Kowloon bath prince. According to legend, Buddha mother Maya at the age of 40 has been sub. One night, dream of a child with six teeth, white elephant from her right armpit ran into the stomach, so she was pregnant. Pregnancy in October, according to ancient India customs back home delivery. Through the Lumbini garden, she just raised his right hand to pick flowers when Shakya Muni from the right axillary drill. When he landed, he was fragrant and full of clouds. He walked seven paces in the southeast, northwest, and forth. Then a finger, a finger, said "the world underground, overweening". At this time, two Hercules holding gold pots to the sky, and flew to Kowloon, spit warm and cold water for his baptism two. This is the unique niche statues, local model. Here before is a gap, streams flowing all the year round. Craftsmen first water accumulated in the Buddha above the pond, and then put the stone gap and laid up in Kowloon and the prince, and then through the passage, make the quality of the biggest mouth slowly spit in the newborn Prince bath jinpen. Silk silk have been continually trickle over from Prince body, into the pool, and then by next to the "nine of the Yellow River" came out. Craftsmen not only skillfully solved the drainage problem, but also made statues move in the static, full of garden interest.

Visitors friends, due to the time relationship, our Dazu Rock Carvings tour will end here, I wish you a pleasant journey!

Dear visitors: hello! Welcome to the south of the lower reaches of the yangze river city - wuxi!

Xu take you go today is a special water line - the ancient canal. Hope you pay attention to safety, dont fall into the water, otherwise, we noon a dish - "drowned rat" oh:)

Wuxi belonging to the beijing-hangzhou grand canal jiangnan ancient canal section, its by wuxi northwest five flows, wear and the city, to flow at wuxi, total length of 40.8 km. Because the ancient water transport as the main mode of transportation, the boat here is like a boat, so called "golden waterway", it is also the most main wuxi is one of the river.

At this point you have to put the beijing-hangzhou grand canal to introduce: there are four dragons in China, the Yangtze river, Yellow River and the beijing-hangzhou grand canal and the Great Wall. Is given by the nature of the two, the latter two are artificial creation miracle. The beijing-hangzhou grand canal is the longest artificial canal all over the world, the total length of 1794 km, north Beijing tong county, south to hangzhou, through Beijing, tianjin, hebei, shandong, jiangsu and zhejiang provinces. Among them, it is said that the excavation is the earliest a berth to blaspheme river, wu taber led locals excavation is 3200 years ago. 2500 years ago, the prince fu in order to cut qi and excavation Han ditch, 1400 years ago, the emperor yangdi digging the jiangnan canal, in 1292 AD, the back has completed all the beijing-hangzhou grand canal, at this point, for our countrys ancient transport is a lifeline.

The wuxi section of the canal is a best so far retained intact. Today nearly 1 km of water alley south temple area had many artists and archaeologists are sent a heartfelt admiration. Because there is no water in other parts of the ancient canal is basically the history of the scenery, but also retain the small bridge, flowing water, somebody else here and many historical sites.

Ok, now our ship came to a piece of the wide water, in the three rivers converge here, was originally a lake, called "lotus lake", also called "wuxi lake", the ancient lake has 15300 acres, which is now about a third of the taihu lake, in wuxi, jiangyin, three XianJing wujin. As human reclamation and natural silted up, after the lake area is smaller and smaller, to the late qing dynasty is just a small lake, but there still left many monuments, including the port pier and huang rong lake in front of the village.

Surface high overhead on a bridge, known as "bridge", there is no bridge, original during the Ming and qing dynasties is the water transport center here, next to the ferry, crossing, but in all people often fell down, so the businessman, called Wu Zijing, out of the 27000 two silver, imitation of Shanghai Bai Duqiao and built a copper iron bridge, people in order to commemorate him, put the bridge named "wu". Wu Zijing, anhui people, stagnation, xuantong qing has embroidery factory in wuxi, Shanghai is open, so he every year to wuxi, died after Shanghai, but his contribution to the wuxi is played, the bridge rebuilt until 1965, when only dismantled the iron beam, called "jiefang", but in 1982, formerly known as again, now the bridge is rebuilt in 1993, won the ministry of construction is "luban prize". Actually near here besides wuqiao, there are three mile bridge and bridge with lotus-paste, name three, bridge has four! Because the three mile bridge has two!

Beside the island surrounded by water, is the mouth during the warring states period left at ChuGuoChun shen jun huang2 xie governance lotus lake site - yellow port pier. Wuxi people compared the ancient canal to a dragon, it is bibcock, it is said that it will be as the water rises up, impinges down! Its also known as jinshan, area of only 220 square meters, but have two emperors in history, the three prime minister, a sky came to this place. During the warring states period in the spring shen jun in the east, in the governance of lotus lake, water conservancy, and yellow port pier is also named after him. Another prime minister Li Shen is wuxi, the famous "farmer" Benjamin is his creation, "behold dishes, each all pain" in his poetry has to sing praise for the people.

Another is the prime minister of the southern song dynasty, wen tianxiang, when he was sent to yuan barracks in negotiations, and sent by the Lord to sell, yuan army detention, escorted wen tianxiang back to mostly through wuxi, he held on the pier, on both sides of the common people kneel cry tears send, wen tianxiang also made "wuxi" a poem; A sky is harry in the Ming dynasty, he also wrote on his yellow port pier "play in the mountain water first floor" plaques. Two under the emperors six jiangnan kangxi and qianlong. Qianlong also imitation in the south lake of the Summer Palace, a "phoenix pier", but is not now, he also wrote the "two water back to encircle a continent, not only on boats" verse. Because of its magic, so wuxi people think it is "day off".

The market here is the famous three mile bridge, three mile bridge, there are two bridge, a bridge in wuqiao new three mile below, one is in the left hand side of old bridge, so the three of the four Bridges. It is said that from the old bridge to the old north gate just three mile name. Wuxi is the hometown of fish and rice, water transportation is convenient, wuhu, anhui, jiangxi and hunan changsha jiujiang said "Chinas four big market", and wuxi in its first. Keeping original wuxi market eight, three mile bridge is the busiest of the most lively, but now has been gradually replaced by new village, in those days many grain, lively grain retailer has ceased to exist, but three mile bridge market is a sum of wuxis history. "FuRongLou" beside this there are beautiful in that year, it is not only tea and eat breakfast place, also is grain retailer, merchants who talk about the place of business, can say is "food trading center" of the year.

In front of the big island under the bridge there is a tall, wuxi is called "jiang pointed in zhu", the ancient canal here is divided into two streams: first-class eastward, a flow to the south, and the beam river intersection. Liang Xi is wuxi nickname, because of the eastern han dynasty Liang Hong to celebrities and his wife named meng had in wuxi iron mountain seclusion. This pointed in zhu jiang had piled up a lot of POTS and pans and VAT, pile was tall and pointed, so named "cylinder tip", wuxi words "river" and "VAT" in Chinese. The pottery shop of Trinidad and Tobago, and into the river or ferry, or across the street, lane, so there is the saying of "around on pointed in zhu jiang". Ancient on July 30, the people here will be placed in the water tower lamp, in honor of one of uprising leader prince gathering at the end of the yuan. But now I dont have this custom, the island also transformed into a free of the park.

The west gate of the river-crossing pointed nagisa is near to wuxi. The bridge on the canal is called "renmin bridge". A listen to is revolutionary, but it is said that this is wuxi has the earliest historical records of the bridge. Under the original ancient street, is in front of the street, followed by the river, all with shade out rain connects the arbor, so the name "shelter under street". Originally is the granary of the wuxi oh here, but now is already beautiful five love home village.

Nearby street, called "lane", originally called "lime lane" actually, because inside the lane were piled with lime and name, but not the name, to do with partial tone change "lane". Here is original, with, very lively.

Appeared in front of a small island, called "west water block". Here is the wuxi "floor", and "day off" yellow port pier mutual echo. Originally is five Qin Jin ministers villa is located in the Ming dynasty, so called "Pacific pier". Later Ming dynasty wuxi magistrate of a county Liu Wuwei for private good, wash the grievance, water conservancy, and to control floods went bankrupt and was suffering time, wuxi to thank him, and in the build temple worship, named him "narcissus", so called "western" water block. Has now been transformed into jiangxin park and the museum. There is also a stage, the above points inside and outside, the outside is to see fishermen people acting, there is show "narcissus master".

Near the pier has a lounge Bridges are connected to the side of the flour factory name. So we have covered the wuxi early. Next to the mau new flour factory pioneered the national industry and commerce wonderful people founded in 1900, originally named "bao xing flour mills. Here the production of warships brand flour was famous in the country. My grandfather was the workers in the factory. Here is the birthplace of Chinas national industry and commerce of a microcosm. Although there has been discontinued, but has built the city museum of the national industry and commerce, records the development of Chinas national industry and commerce, is well worth a look.

To the other side of the river is xue fuchengs former residence. Times.he is the ambassador to Europe countries in the late qing dynasty, at the same time, he is also one of the founders of the national industrial and commercial development, his son Xue Na styles is wuxi first chamber of commerce. His house covers an area of big, "xue half city" in wuxi. Wuxi city government have to repair the house now.

Dear tourists, how are you? Im your guide. You can call me Liu Dao. Whatwere going to visit today is the temple of heaven, the place where the emperorworshiped heaven.

Emperor Yongle of the Ming dynasty built the altar for heaven worship inthe south of Beijing, imitating the Great Hall of worship in Nanjing. The mainbuilding is the Great Hall of worship, which is the location of todays Hall ofpraying for new year. The temple of heaven has outer wall and inner wall. It isround in the north and square in the south.

Now we are going south along the central axis of the temple of heaven. Whatwe are going to see is the Circular Mound Altar where the ancient emperorsoffered sacrifices to heaven. There are two enclosure walls in the round hill,which make the outside square and the inside round, in line with the statementthat the sky is round and the place is round. What needs to be mentioned inparticular is that the place where the emperor stood was the Tianxin stone inthe center of the mesa. He is one of the three acoustic phenomena in the templeof heaven. When reading aloud here, the voice is particularly loud, and now itsthe same here. You tourists may as well experience the strange effect, and likethe emperor of that year, tell God your good wishes.

As you may have noticed just now, there are many cypress trees in thetemple of heaven. Yes, its like a natural oxygen bar in Beijing. Among theseancient cypresses, there is a cypress over 500 years old, which is the ninedragon cypress outside the west wall of echo wall. Its trunk texture is verystrange, full of ravines, and twisted, like nine dragons winding around playing,so it is not too much to call it Jiulong cypress. Please dont climb trees. Payattention to your words and deeds. This is a sacred place. We should keep aquiet mind,

After liberation, the temple of heaven has not only become a famous touristattraction, but also an integral part of Beijings urban green space. Not onlytourists come here, but also some elderly people who are specially for physicalfitness.

Todays tour is over. I hope this tour can make you remember and leave adeep memory in your heart.

I hope you will come again next time.

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello everyone! Maybe some of you have been to Bozhou, but I think even thenative Bozhou people sometimes feel a little strange to Bozhou. Now I will giveyou a brief introduction of Bozhou.

Bozhou is a national famous historical and cultural city and one of Chinasexcellent tourist cities. It has a long history and profound cultural heritage.There are many talented people in the past dynasties: Cheng Tang, the founder ofthe Shang Dynasty, Lao Tzu and Zhuang Tzu, the founder of Taoism, Hua Tuo, thefounder of surgery, Cao Cao, the emperor of literature, Cao Zhi, Hua Mulan, theheroine Such as shining stars in the long history. The sites and landscapes leftby them are like beads, which make people forget to return. Bozhou was thebirthplace of Nanbo in ancient times. In the 16th century BC, Shang Tangestablished its capital here, and later called it "Nanbo"; in the second year ofDaye of Sui Dynasty (AD 6__), it was renamed Qiaojun, and in the seventh year ofWude of Tang Dynasty (AD 624), it was renamed Bozhou, one of the ten Wangzhoucapitals in Tang Dynasty. In 1355, Liu Futong, the son of Han Shantong, calledChao liner emperor in Bozhou. His national name was Song Dynasty. He changedhis name to dragon and Phoenix in Yuan Dynasty and was called Xiao Ming king. Atthe beginning of Hongwu Period in Ming Dynasty (1368), the Prefecture wasdemoted to county. The ninth year of Hongzhi (1496) of emperor Xiaozong of MingDynasty is also called Bozhou. In 19__, the state was changed into a county.Bozhou City was set up in the early days of liberation, and then it was changedinto a county. In May 1986, the county was set up as a city (county level,subordinate to Fuyang region). In December of the same year, it was approved asa national historical and cultural city by the State Council. In 1996, it wasapproved by the State Council as a provincial municipality directly under thecentral government and managed by Fuyang City. In February 1998, the provincialParty committee and the provincial government decided that Bozhou City should beunder the direct jurisdiction of the province. In the same year, Bozhou City wasrated as a national excellent tourist city. In June, __, it was approved as aprovincial city by the State Council.

Beautiful Qingdao, old and young.

Bozhou is full of talents. For thousands of years, this beautiful and richland has cultivated countless sages and celebrities who have made greatachievements in literature and martial arts. Laozi, the founder of Taoism, leftthe classic Tao Te Ching (Tao Te Ching) to later generations with his uniqueview of the universe and the theory of knowledge. Although it has only 5000words, it is rich and profound, and puts forward a very complete philosophicalsystem, known as the "king of ten thousand classics"; Chuang Tzu, a sage of ageneration, was once an official in the lacquer garden. His story of "Yu Niu CIXiang" and Wang Anshis poem "officials have no field, and the people have thewind of Zhuang Zhou Dynasty" are still widely recited among the people today.Cao Caos heroic spirit of "cooking wine to discuss heroes" and "writing poemsin a horizontal voice" has attracted many people of insight around the world;The marvelous doctor Hua Tuos "mabeisan" is the "best in the world" of generalanesthesia in the history of medicine, and the first "Wuqinxi" is stillpracticed by many people every day; Shang Chengtang, the sage of a generation,Chen Tuan, the supreme Taoist, Li Shen, the poet who sympathizes with thepeasants, and Hua Mulan, the heroine of Nien army leader Zhang lexing, are allthe proud sons of this land of accumulated talents. They have made an indeliblecontribution to the creation of splendid ancient Chinese civilization.

The long history and splendid culture have left many historic sites andprecious cultural heritage to Bozhou. There are more than 200 national,provincial and municipal cultural relics protection units in Bozhou, of which 22are above the provincial level, accounting for 1 / 3 of the province. Thesehistoric sites integrate natural scenery and cultural landscape, and containrich cultural heritage everywhere. Huaxilou, a state-level key cultural relicprotection unit, is famous for its superb craftsmanship in the world.Taiqingguan, also known as Taijing palace, is the largest Hall of Taoism inChina. It is also known as Laozi temple. It has a large scale, brilliantarchitecture, green tiles and red walls, purple atmosphere, solemn and solemn,and extraordinary momentum. Tang mausoleum mound port towering, ancient wood Qiubranch pan Kong, Cang stele stand, in the garden, with respect to the sages, thefeeling of admiration arises spontaneously. The ancient hermit Road, known asthe "underground Great Wall", is parallel, crisscross, interconnected, with hugeprojects and magnificent buildings. It is said that it was built by Cao Cao,which can be called a miracle in the ancient military history. Hua Zuyan, thecontemporary literary and historical master Guo Moruo personally wrote the nameof the museum, includes eight landscapes, such as "the sound of the Sutra in thethatched cottage", "the fragrance flowing in the medicine garden" and "thelongevity of five birds". The temple is complete, simple and elegant, which isactually a great monument in Bozhou. Other famous places of interest include theCao clan tombs, which cover an area of more than ten square kilometers and haveexquisite architecture; the daodezhong palace, which is resplendent, spaciousand where Confucius asked for rites; the Xue valve pagoda and the ten thousandBuddha pagoda, which are beautiful in shape, towering in the sky and offeringincense to the mountain; the white law court and the Muslim stone temple, whichare lofty and quiet; There are Ji Kangs former residence at the top of Jimountain, where the ancient style is still the same; there are Chen Tuans lyingtraces on the convex stone of the abbot, which is smooth as a stone and printedwith the traces of giants; there are 36 old streets and 72 ancient alleys in theurban area, where the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties still exists and theancient appearance remains the same. The historical and cultural landscape ofBozhou echoes the natural landscape of Huangshan Mountain, which is known as"South Huangshan, North Bozhou". In 1986, it was named "national historical andcultural city". In 1998, it was rated as "the first batch of excellent touristcities in China".

Bozhou is the hometown of Hua Tuo, the "miracle doctor", and also one ofthe four major drug capitals in Chinas history. It is rich in traditionalChinese medicine and has a long history in the market. In 1994, Bozhou built thelargest trading center of Chinese herbal medicine in China. More than __ kindsof medicinal materials are listed in the trading center, with a market volume of40 million kg. The annual turnover reached more than 2 billion yuan. At the sametime, China traditional Chinese medicine futures exchange and China traditionalChinese Medicine Information Center have been established in Bozhou. In 1995, __Xinran wrote an inscription for Bozhou: "hometown of Huatuo, hometown ofmedicinal materials".

The state banquet wine "gujinggong wine" produced in Bozhou is well-knownin Jiuzhou and at home and abroad. In recent years, the Museum of Chinese wineculture has been built, with rich exhibits and exquisite display, which fullyshows the profound and long history of Chinese wine culture.

Mengcheng County, under the jurisdiction of Bozhou, is the largestproducing area of improved cattle in China. Recently, this county hired Niu Qun,a famous crosstalk actor and senior photographer, as the deputy head of thecounty, which has become a sensational news.

Weve just got off the plane. We must be very tired. Lets have a restfirst, and then lets come to Bozhou together. Please allow me, on behalf of allthe staff of Bozhou travel agency, to extend my most sincere welcome to you. Iwish you a good nights sleep in Bozhou and a happy return!

Thank you!

Dear friends, hanshan temple is known for its inscriptions, and the most famous one is the poem of the maple bridge. Ladies and gentlemen,

Now lets go to the stele. Since ancient times, in the temple, "the maple bridge night mooring" has a few pieces of poetry. The answer is: a poem. Wang GUI (1019-1085), the king of the northern song dynasty, was the first stone in the poem of "the maple bridge", the first stone of zhang jishi, which could be lost in the early years of this monument. In order to restore historical relics and carry forward the national culture, the first stone of zhang jishi, which was integrated with wangs calligraphy, was re-established next to puminta in 1996, with the efforts of people on both sides of the Chinese Taiwan straits. Thanks to Chinese Taiwan SiNian library, they free get-together of generous Ph.D. More than 3000 words handwriting epitaph rubbings, the suzhou famous calligrapher FeiZhiXiong set word, suzhou museum of stone inscription loyalty as heavy carved sculpture artists, and shows the world the first stone Zhang Jishi spirits, to understand a get-together chirography provides physical characteristics and style.

Full of poetry only 28 words, but can directly select a get-together to complete the original words only 14, namely: month, full day, jiang, fire, for, gu, outside the city, and cold, hill, temple, night, half, the rest are through a mix of the original word radical. For example, "frost", combined with "rain" and "facies"; The people are composed of "eyes" and "people". The word is in block letters, between the yan and liu shushu. The stone tablet has been used for a certain period of time. It is 2.5 meters high, 0.84 meters wide, 0.2 meters thick and 1.66 meters high, about 13 centimeters per word. The stele was collected by the Palace Museum in September 1996.

The second tablet is written in Ming dynasty. The temple is in fire. There are only remnants of the monument, and less than 10 words remain. The third tablet is written by yu yue in the qing dynasty. It is well preserved. The most common "night mooring" in the market is the first inscription of yus books. The tablet is displayed in the gallery. The fourth tablet was written on December 14, 1947 by zhang, a member of the hebei cangzhou dynasty, with the same name as the tang dynasty. Zhang succeeded in writing this tablet, and unexpectedly died the next day, and the ink became a veritable masterpiece. This stele is well preserved and is now on display in the hospital of pu-minta, where the original poems are preserved in the central history museum of the kuomintang (KMT) in Chinese Taiwan. The fifth tablet we have seen in the songmao pavilion in the house of hanshan. It is the one li dazhao wrote. The sixth tablet is a contemporary painting

Liu haisus works. In the winter of 1981, the 86-year-old painter locked himself in his room for about five hours, using the whole body and soul to complete a masterpiece -- the "maple bridge night". When liu finished the work, he fell ill for many days, but he was very satisfied with the work and thought it was no less than yus book. According to lius wish, this tablet was engraved in 1994 and placed in the corridor of hanshan temple.

The seventh tablet was written by the revolutionary predecessor Chen yun in the "maple bridge poetry gallery" in 1998. The original was a gift given to liu yuna, a famous critic, when he was 82 years old. The inscription on the tablet stands in contrast to the poems written by kang youwei in the han shan temple in 1920. "the bell has been crossing the sea, and the wind is cold and cold. Dont let feng dry and rap again, to make people not empty." Loss of kang youwei was generous in clocks to Japan, he quips: also blame gab abundant dry monk, to zhejiang taizhou high disturbing the satrap pavilion hanshan, picked up are two manjusri, samantabhadra bodhisattva incarnation of cat. Had it not been for the leak of the celestial machine, there would have been no longer the ancient clock in the temple.

“茶叶之都”国际友好城市联盟洛阳市位于河南省西部，地处东经111°8’——112.59’，北纬33°35 ——35°05之间，位处亚欧大陆桥东段，横跨黄河中游南北两岸，“居天下之中”，素有“九州之腹地”之称。洛阳辖6个区、1个县级市、8个县、:涧西区、西工区、老城区、瀍河回族区、洛龙区、伊滨区、吉利区、偃师市、孟津县、新安县、洛宁县、宜阳县、伊川县、嵩县、栾川县、汝阳县。洛阳下辖经济功能区:伊滨区、洛阳新区(正厅级)、洛阳国家高新技术产业开发区(独立享有管辖权)、国家洛阳经济技术开发区。

【历史沿革】

洛阳，华夏文明发源地之一，中国四大古都之一，世界文化名城，国务院首批历史文化名城，隋唐大运河中心城市，是中国建都时间最长，建都朝代较多的千年帝都。洛阳是河南省第二大城市，华中区域性中心城市，中原经济区副中心城市，黄河沿岸中心城市，中国最佳休闲城市，是一座无愧于国色天香之美誉的牡丹花都。洛阳也是中国的老工业基地之一。

洛阳有着数千年文明史、建城史和建都史，中国古代伏羲、女娲、黄帝、唐尧、虞舜、夏禹等神话，多传于此。从夏朝开始先后有十三个王朝在此定都，有105位帝王在洛阳指点江山。洛阳是我国历史上唯一被命名为“神都”(神州大地之首都)的城市。是我国建都时间最早，时间最长的城市之一。

洛阳历史曾用名或别名，斟鄩、西毫、洛邑、洛师、成周、王城、雒阳、中京、伊洛、河洛、河南、洛州、三川。

洛阳，立河洛之间，居天下之中，既禀中原大地敦厚磅礴之气，也具南国水乡妩媚风流之质。开天辟地之后，三皇五帝以来，洛阳以其天地造化之大美，成为天人共羡之神都。洛阳代表最早的中国，也是最本色的中国、最渊深的中国。

洛阳城，北据邙山，南望伊阙，洛水贯其中，东据虎牢关，西控函谷关，四周群山环绕、雄关林立，因而有“八关都邑”、“山河拱戴，形势甲于天下”之称;而且雄踞“天下之中”，“东压江淮，西挟关陇，北通幽燕，南系荆襄”，人称“八方辐辏”、“九州腹地”、“十省通衢”。所以历朝历代均为诸侯群雄逐鹿中原的皇者必争之地，成为历史上最重要的政治、经济、文化中心。

以洛阳为中心的河洛流域地区是中华文明的发祥地之一。中国古代伏羲、女娲、黄帝、尧、舜、禹等大仙居住于此。同时，洛阳也是中国300多年文明的帝都王城，华夏，中华，中土，中原，中州等称谓均源自于古老的洛阳城和河洛文明。1960年在洛阳偃师“二里头遗址”的上层发现一处规模宏大的宫殿基址。

洛阳共经历十三个建都朝代，累计建都史达千余年。洛阳在历史上曾长期作为我国的政治、经济、文化中心而存在，东汉光武中兴、明章之治、西晋太康之治、北魏孝文改制、武周遗风在这里上演，历代帝王贵胄、文人骚客等均对洛阳的都城地位有着极高评价。周公曰“此天下之中，四方入贡，道里均焉”;汉高祖曰“吾行天下多矣，唯见洛阳”;班固曰“光汉京于诸夏，总八方而为之极”;北魏孝文帝曰“崤函帝宅，河洛王里”;唐太宗曰“崤函称地险，襟带壮两京”;唐玄宗曰“三秦九洛，咸曰帝京”;韦应物说“雄都定鼎地，势据万国尊”;宋太祖曰“吾欲迁洛，以据山河之险而去冗兵，循周汉故事以安天下也”;司马光曰“欲知古今兴废事，请君只看洛阳城”……

1912年，民国建立，废河南府，设河洛道，道尹公署驻洛阳，辖洛阳、偃师等19县。

1923年，河南省长公署迁于洛阳，洛阳成为河南省会。

1932年，日军进攻上海，国民政府定洛阳为行都，并一度迁洛办公。

1938年6月，华北大部分地区沦陷，洛阳成为北方抗日前哨，国民政府第一战区长官司令部驻洛阳。

1939年秋，河南省政府再次迁洛，洛阳第二次成为河南省会。

1948年，洛阳解放，析洛阳县城区置市。洛阳市人民民主政府成立。

1949年12月，洛阳市人民民主政府改称洛阳市人民政府。

1954年，洛阳市升格为河南省直辖市。

1955年，洛阳县撤销，一部分并入洛阳市，其余部分划入偃师、孟津等县。

1956年，建成洛阳市老城区、西工区和郊区，次年成立瀍河区。

1982年，经国务院批准，新成立吉利区。

1983年，新安、孟津、偃师改隶洛阳市，洛阳所辖登封市划归郑州市管辖。

1986年，洛阳地区撤销，洛宁、宜阳、嵩县、栾川、汝阳、伊川改属洛阳市。

1993年，偃师县改为偃师市。

20__年6月，经国务院批准，洛阳郊区更名为洛龙区。

洛阳附近的各县中，跟洛阳历史联系最密切的是偃师、孟津、巩义、登封。其中偃师、孟津从周朝以来三千年如一日，从未改变。其次是巩义，从周朝一直到新中国，也有三千多年。再次是登封，从三国时期到新中国，有1700多年。

【东洛阳西罗马】

洛阳是和罗马并称的世界两大古都，有着东洛阳西罗马之说。罗马帝国时期正是我国的东汉时期，东汉首都洛阳。当时洛阳和罗马同是世界上最强大国家的两个首都。东汉皇帝派大臣班超出使西域，打通了荒废已久的丝绸之路，首次将丝绸之路延伸打通到了欧洲延伸到了罗马。而罗马亦派使臣顺着丝绸之路历史上首次来到了中国，并在东汉京师洛阳觐见了大汉皇帝。洛阳因此成为了丝绸之路的东方起点。这也是我国历史上首次和罗马交往，所以一直有“东洛阳西罗马”的说法。

20__年世界邮展在洛阳举行。期间，大遗址保护洛阳高峰论坛开幕，与此同时，秦汉-罗马文明展也在洛阳拉开帷幕，无数的罗马稀世珍宝不远万里运到洛阳，在为期几天的展览中，让参观者大饱眼福，叹为观止，再一次将昔日世界的两大都市连结起来，续写了西罗马东洛阳的辉煌篇章!

【丝绸之路起点】

东汉时，汉明帝派遣使臣班超出使西域，打通了荒废已久的丝绸之路，且首次将丝绸之路延伸打通到了欧洲，到了当时的罗马帝国。这是现在完整的丝绸之路的路线，即从东汉时洛阳出发，最西端到达当时的欧洲罗马帝国。罗马帝国也首次派遣使臣顺着班超打通的丝绸之路来到东汉，在京师洛阳觐见了大汉皇帝。这是历史上罗马和中国的首次交往。加上罗马帝国的时期和我国的东汉时期刚好在时间上的吻合:东汉(25-220)与西罗马帝国(前30-476)，所以一直以来都有东洛阳西罗马之说，这是历史上分别代表东西方的两大帝国首都。而丝绸之路首次将罗马帝国和中国连结在了一起。 东汉之后，魏晋及隋唐时期，洛阳都是东西方丝绸之路贸易的起点，这个跨度之大，时间之久，意义之大，无与伦比! 国学大师、已逝北京大学教授季羡林先生说:“我不止一次的说，丝绸之路应以洛阳为起点。这是个不刊之论。”

【对日本重大影响】

京都是仿照唐朝时的东西两京洛阳和长安而建，分为左右两大片区，一片叫做长安，一片叫做洛阳，后来由于长安片区一蹶不振，而洛阳片区繁荣似锦，所以后来整个京都都叫洛阳。现在京都有几大区，分别为:洛中、洛东、洛北、洛西等。学校、医院、会社、企业等机构都多以洛阳为前缀。古时候去京都，都叫做上洛或进洛等。这是我国古都对日本产生影响的体现和结果，也是我国对外国城市命名产生的重大影响!

【牡丹花】

洛阳牡丹始于隋，盛于唐，甲天下于宋。 “天下名园重洛阳”，“洛阳牡丹甲天下”，“洛阳地脉花最宜，牡丹尤为天下奇”，“唯有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京。牡丹是我国传统名花，花蕾硕大，色泽艳丽，国色天香，自古就有富贵吉祥、繁荣昌盛的寓意，代表着中华民族泱泱大国之风范,。

牡丹从隋代落户洛阳西苑后，地脉适宜，开得缤纷美丽、艳冠天下。

唐代洛阳是陪都，武则天当皇帝时就在洛阳登基，并在洛阳主持政务。“自唐武则天后，洛阳牡丹始盛。” (宋·欧阳修《洛阳牡丹记》)。从武则天时期到开元年间(公元690年至公元741年)，还有唐贞元、元和年间(公元785年至公元820年)，是中国牡丹史上一个黄金时代，奠定了中国牡丹发展和牡丹文化兴盛的坚实基础。

洛阳市气候概况

洛阳地理条件优越。它位于暖温带南缘向北亚热带过渡地带，属暖温带大陆性季风气候和亚热带季风气候，四季分明，气候宜人。年平均气温约15℃，极端最高气温40.4℃，极端最低气温-20.2℃。降雨量约630毫米，其中南部山区能达到1200毫米以上。东邻郑州，西接三门峡， 北跨黄河与焦作接壤，南与平顶山、南阳相连。东西长约179公里，南北宽约168公里。洛阳地势西高东低。境内山川丘陵交错，地形错综复杂，其中山区45.51%，丘陵40.73%，平原占13.8%，周围有郁山、邙山、青要山、荆紫山、周山、樱山、龙门山、香山、万安山、首阳山、黛眉山、嵩山等十多座山脉;境内河渠密布，分属黄河、淮河、长江三大水系，黄河、洛河、伊河、清河、磁河、铁滦河、涧河、瀍河等10余条河流蜿蜒其间，有“四面环山六水并流、八关都邑、十省通衢”之称。由于洛阳地处中原，山川纵横，西依秦岭，出函谷是关中秦川;东临嵩岳;北靠太行且有黄河之险;南望伏牛，有宛叶之饶，所以“河山拱戴，形势甲于天下”。

三潇娘娘传说她们女娲娘娘身边的三只金孔雀，即云宵、琼宵、碧宵三姊妹。后来下界到巴国，是为三公主，招赵公明为附马，赵公明逃回蜀国后，遂投入截教修成正果，因为赵公明复仇死于非命。三姊妹被封为主管人间生育之厕神。

玉皇顶道观中供奉玉皇大帝，玉皇大帝在人们心目中是最高天神天帝，也就是人们经常提到的“老天爷”。

亮宝台亮宝台传说是太上老君展示宝贝的地方。有一年四月初八，各路神仙来景室听老君讲经，之后神仙们要求看看老君的震山之宝，老君上到峰顶拿出了阴阳扇、太极图、炼丹炉。三件宝物金光闪闪，绕老君飞旋三周落到老君手上，众仙赞不绝口。道观内供奉的是财神，财神分为武财神赵公明、关羽和文财神比干、范蠡。这里供奉的是武财神赵公明。民间所供赵公明财神像皆顶盔披甲，着战袍，执鞭，黑面浓须，形象威猛。周围常画有聚宝盆、大元宝、宝珠、珊瑚之类，以加强财源福辏之效果。而姜子牙在《封神榜》里却是封赵公明为金龙如意正乙龙虎玄坛真君，率领招宝天尊、纳珍天尊、招财使者和利市仙宫等，统管人世间一切金银财宝。

南天门是南阳人上山拜老君的唯一一条道路，在山下观望老君庙如在天上，此门形容其高。当初修南天门天梯时，曾有一段有趣的故事。数位民工正在施工，天突降暴雨，还夹着狂风。民工们躲也没处躲，藏也没处藏，新架起但未焊接好的铁梯也有被大风吹倒的可能，万般无奈之中，有个民工喊：“我们为什么不求求老君爷呢?”于是他们一齐跪下来祈求太上老君保佑。霎时，风停雨止，云开雾散。民工都说，老君爷显灵了，老君爷显灵了。这一现象，是偶然的巧合，还真是太上老君施了法术?大家到老君庙里，拜一拜老君就知道了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是?万岁?，我是?万福?!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

"The filled with clouds, Trinidad jiangling also on the 1st. On both sides of the YuanSheng crow, boats already past thousands of mountains". This is a known "early onset treasure". This poem describes is the beautiful three gorges scenery.

Let us stepping the ancient charm, close to the nature, to see the beautiful scenery of the three gorges!!!!

The three gorges is the floorboard of the qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling. Between the yichang of hubei province and chongqing fengjie Yangtze river. The three gorges scenery, beautiful, grand and risks, quiet and beautiful. This is really make people intoxicated in it! The mountain of the three gorges, continuous, canopy; The three gorges water, fast water rises, blocking the traffic. Winter, spring water pool back clear, beautiful scenery; In autumn, when the water is cold and dry gas apes sound sad. Of the author, scenery beautiful, fishermans song apes birds cry fall, all reflect the beauty of the the broken pieces back together!

Now let us into the three gorges, use our hearts to feel the beauty of the broken pieces back together!

各位团友大家好!我是旅行社的导游员小X，很荣幸能够为大家提供这次导游服务，也十分欢迎大家来看望咱们中国人的母亲!请大家不要纳闷，因为在中国这片土地上有一条河流，所有的中国人都在传承着她特有的基因，那就是我们的肤色——黄皮肤，而她也在中国上下五千年的历史长河中孕育着我们的人文祖先。也许有的团友已经猜到了，这就是黄河，我们中国人的母亲河!而今天的游程，我们也将从母亲身边的这颗明珠洛阳开始了!整个洛阳各位团友可以从这下面这9句话有一个基本的了解：

一城之下皆为宝，在中国西北部地区有一个城市叫做西安，他是中国地面文物最为丰富的一个城市，而在中国之“中”有另外一个城市洛阳，则是中国出土文物最丰富的城市。早在60万年以前，洛阳的气候相当于两广地区，雨量丰沛，植被茂密，是最适合人类生存的好地方。通过近年考古发现的100多处旧石器时代和新石器时代遗址证明，距今1万年以前旧石器时代到新石器时代的先民们已经创造了繁荣的母系社会氏族，这种繁荣与昌盛一直持续到中国历史上第一个奴隶制王朝——夏的建立。洛阳雄踞黄河中游，地处中华腹地，西依秦岭，东临嵩岳，南控伏牛，北依太行，洛-伊-廛-涧四条水流蜿蜒城内，自古“挟崤渑之阻，当秦陇之襟喉”“盖四方必争之地”，如此险要的地理位置使得这里自古就成为“帝王州”从夏的建立到后晋，洛阳成就了13个王朝的兴衰，82为帝王的霸业，1529年的辉煌建都史，历史的迭经是通过各种各样的手段完成，多少城池的兴盛与落寞，都被洛阳丰富的地下文物所见证，洛阳单就出土的对历史长河中洛阳的政治-经济-军事-交通-贸易-天文-历法-祭祀-乐理-药理的碑刻墓志就有4000多方，从汉代到民国，历朝历代，各个时期的都有，可谓是一部石刻“二十五史”，有人赞叹，仅这些碑刻墓志，就可以建成一座世界仅有的中国艺术馆。风格别致，世界上独一无二的古墓博物馆和近年来发掘建立的东周王城车马坑，更是历史长河中从世俗到帝王生活的现实写照。洛阳15208.6平方公里的土地上这些也只不过是小小的一部分，而其余的数不尽的遗址-古墓-石刻等有待发掘的文物更是犹如洒落的雨水，与这片土地融合在我们的生活中，使得我们脚下所走的这片土地更为深沉和厚重。

北方地区向来缺水，但是在这里确有二水出自洛阳城，被人们所津津乐道，第一水就是我们男人们所钟爱的——酒，“把酒红尘度欢时，千杯万盏轮回间”问枭雄，看市井，为男子，谁不对酒有着一种情结，而洛阳地区的汝阳，正是被人称为“酒祖”杜康发迹的地方，甘醇的杜康酒被周王室嘉封为“仙酒”，让刘伶醉了三年，更让中外宾客在口中回味着“酒祖”的妙手酿制的“仙酒”，讲到这里就不得不提及另外一水，中国人就餐习惯中，“无酒不成席”，与杜康酒相伴的洛阳水席宴更是洛阳人生活中不可或缺的一部分，据说当年女皇武则天创立武周王朝，重臣袁天堽算出女皇执政，将会在唐-永隆年至唐-神虎年起落24年时间，为了暗示女皇武则天“维政者善”，便命令御厨制成了此宴，这道筵席以武则天的把大喜好：服-礼-韬-欲-艺-文-禅-政，为主题制成8种荤素不同的凉菜，又以四镇桌，八大件，四扫尾为主题制成16道热菜，更采用带子上朝，以“粥”换唐等上菜顺序，行云流水一样的上菜方式，衔接筵席空缺。它不但是现在中国传统筵席的一个组成部分，更是以其独特的上菜方式成为豫式菜肴的鳌头，时至今日，这道筵席配以杜康酒上桌，不仅是洛阳人红白喜事的重头戏和洛阳人生活中的一部分，随着洛阳旅游业的发展，水席在原有酸辣味殊的基础上作出了很大的改进，又添加了咸鲜-甜品-清淡等不同口味，不但丰富了洛阳人的饮食口味，也更成为了洛阳人款待来自各地贵宾和游客的首选!

水土，水土，讲过了水就要回头看看洛阳的土了，在洛阳有三土产自邙山头，第一土就是我们熟知的“洛阳牡丹甲天下”，洛阳牡丹始于隋，胜于唐，甲天下于宋，纵观古今花谱，佳丽360多种，牡丹由于其花色花型雍容华贵，被世人称为“花中之王”，唐代诗人白居易的“花开花落二十日，一城之人皆若狂”是对当时赏花胜景的真实写照，而欧阳修的《洛阳牡丹记》中记载“洛阳地脉花最宜，尤为牡丹天下奇”更是对洛阳的气候地质的一种赞叹，洛阳邙山为于黄河岸边，更是黄土高坡的余脉，土质不干不燥，潮湿有度，适宜种植，山上原住居民历代多以种植牡丹为生，直到现在山上仍有洛阳牡丹园-国花园-中国牡丹基因库三大牡丹园和多处牡丹苗圃，随着科技的发展，牡丹也正以“花开花落随人意，春去秋来不相关”的姿态成为了洛阳的美学徽章。另一土就是当年曾贵为国礼的唐三彩了!洛阳邙山的南石村盛产高岭土和瓷土，这是制作陶器和磁器不可缺少的主要原料，洛阳人运用自己的聪明才智创造出了唐三彩这种流动的火焰，运用两步锻烧，滴采点釉的人为手段结合自然流动的物理变化和化学原理，创造出来了唐三彩扣之有瓮罄声，兼具磁的开片和陶的坚实等特点，更使得这种工艺美术作品成为了居家装饰的好材料，当年之有皇室才能使用把玩的专用品，现在也进入到了我们平常百姓家。以黄-绿-白为主色调，诞生于唐代的这种工艺品，现在已经销往海外，其中黑色的将军马还被英伦友人赞颂为“伦敦黑，黑宝石”，由水火土所凝结的这件器物正可称的上是中国人智慧的结晶!当然，最具民间特色的一土还是-------洛阳铲，“生于苏杭，葬于北邙”，在邙山这无“卧牛之地”拥有着数不清的古墓葬群落，由民间盗墓工具所演变过来的洛阳铲，不单单是考古者的好工具，更为洛阳发掘除了大量的古墓葬群落，从而造就了世界上唯一的一个以收藏古墓葬为主题的古墓博物馆，大大小小的铲子将一个个深埋在地下的历史展现在世人的眼前，与此同时也创造了一个个震惊世界的传奇!

洛阳在河南省的西部，伊洛盆底北缘，自古就有“和山控戴，型胜甲于天下”“且居天下之中”的美誉。以这里为点，以河南为中心，北至白山黑水，南到两广海南，西至天山脚下，东抵东海之滨，大都要跨越三四个省，若以省会郑州和洛阳为轴心，北距京津唐，南下珠江三角洲，西入关中平原，东至宁沪杭等经济发达区，其直线距离基本上都在1000公里左右，而且随着全省的高速公路网的开通，洛阳由将会恢复到当年东至倭国，西至大秦，南达胶趾，北至漠北，丝绸之路国际大都会的显赫地位，因此又有人说洛阳之地—四方入拱道理均!

五都荟洛是奇观，指的就是在洛阳偃师到涧河一线的20平方公里的土地上序列着夏渡斟鄩-商都系亳-汉魏故城-隋唐东都城-东周王城，五大都城遗址，这些遗址展现出了中国从奴隶制王朝向封建帝制过渡的同时，更将中国的城池-园林-城市规划艺术以不同的形态展示了出来，这是世界考古界的奇迹，其中，夏都斟鄩和商都西亳更是将中国有纪年的历史上推了1200多年!

都城的出现使得洛阳城六和之内具灵气，“天下之中”的洛阳是中华文化的渊源，在漫长的历史流程中，洛阳一直是我国的政治-经济-文化的中心，或为中心之一，因此儒学-佛学-玄学-理学-道家无不与洛阳有着密切的联系，中华文化上的主流，无一不是发源于洛阳，然后流播四方，传于后世。自古以来洛阳就又“洛阳富才雄-洛阳出才子-汉魏文章半洛阳”之美誉，苏秦-贾谊-杜甫-李贺-刘禹锡-程颢-程颐等都是洛阳人，“建安七子-竹林七贤-金谷二十四友”李白-白居易及许慎-班固-司马光等无数名人学士在洛阳写下了千古绝唱或不朽的诗篇《汉书》《三国志》《新唐书》《资治通鉴》《说文解字》《齐民要术》《九章算术》《水经注》《三都赋》《论衡》，等著名作品均写于洛阳，并在洛阳问世。还有“河图洛书”“孔子入周问礼”“洛阳纸贵”等美谈佳话也发生在洛阳，可以说洛阳是灵性的聚集，是中国人思古的幽情，在东西南北上下这六个方位内凝聚了中国人最为骄傲的情结!

中国共有七个著名的古都其中而洛阳则是七大古都排第一，北京、南京、杭州、西安、开封、洛阳、安阳，只有洛阳市是建都年代最早-朝代最多-时间最长的“天下名都”，历史上的许多重大事件都发生在这里，有许多的重要的历史人物也都活动在此，因此宋代历史学家司马光说道“若问古今兴废事，请君只看洛阳城”，这就是说洛阳市中国历史文化的缩影，曾经有人说“如果你想了解20年的中国，一定要到上海;如果你想了解50年的中国，一定要到特区;如果你想了解近800年的中国，一定要到北京;如果你想了解近3000年的中国，就一定要到西安;但是如果你想了解5000年的中国，就一定要到洛阳看看”，由这些赞颂我们可以看到洛阳在这7个古城中位居第一是当之无愧的!

八大八小十六景是洛阳的特色，昔日城郭巍峨，宫阙壮丽，风物优美，胜迹如林的洛阳，自唐宋以来，不少文人墨客，衣冠人物，或为之讴歌，作画，吟诗，赋文或营建别墅，家于洛阳，留连其中，为这里的风物胜迹，留下很多风雅遗事和美丽传说，其中龙门山色-绝，马寺钟声-奇，金谷春晴-丽，洛浦秋风-凉，天津晓月-明，铜驼暮雨-妙，平泉朝游-胜，邙山晚眺-美，为洛阳八大景，关林翠柏，午桥碧草，石林雪霁，伊沼荷香，东城桃李，廛壑朱樱，西园池塘，龙池金鱼，为洛阳的八小景，八大八小构筑出来了一个美丽的洛阳，也为揽胜探奇者游览观光洛阳过程中，提供了助兴的一笔!

九朝古都洛阳城，时至今日市区总面积544平方公里，下辖涧西-西工-洛龙-老城-廛河-吉利六个区，总人口630余万，市区人口100余万，从民国时期逐渐退出历史辉煌的舞台，成为近代史上中国著名的工业城市，第一拖拉机厂-轴承厂-铜加工厂-洛阳浮法玻璃厂-612-613-5408-407等一大批全国知名的大企业和研究所，工业的发展使洛阳在计划经济时期成为了全国数一数二的工业龙头城市，但随着市场经济的搞活洛阳现在也同时进入了，以深厚的历史文化为依托的旅游城市，现在的洛阳在市委市政府领导班子的带领下，正在以建设“工业名城，旅游名城”为口号，实施“东引西进”战略乘着西部大开发的东风，加快发展步伐，撤销郊区，调整区划，拉大城市框架。市委市政府的这些举措，大大的促进了旅游业的发展，这也是一个良好的开端!相信在不久的将来，洛阳一定会以崭新的姿态让世人刮目相看!

各位团友!小X对洛阳的介绍就先到这里，在后面的游程中，小X会再为大家做更为详细地介绍!~

颐和园的昆明湖景区主要包括昆明湖、东堤、西堤及湖中诸岛。

“昆明湖”名称源自汉武帝在长安城开凿昆明池操练水军的典故。汉武帝曾派使团前往身毒(今印度一带)，在昆明国的滇池被阻，于是决定兴兵讨伐。为一举征服昆明国，便在京城长安西南挖掘了巨大的昆明池，练习水战。乾隆皇帝借用此典故，将西湖改名为昆明湖，并也曾在昆明湖中操练水师，以标榜自己如同汉武帝一样，为治理国家的明君、开疆拓土的英主。

我先来给大家介绍一下东堤。东堤由南向北，主要景观依次为：绣漪桥、昆仑石碑、廓如亭、十七孔桥、铜牛、文昌阁、耶律楚材祠。

绣漪桥位于昆明湖与长河，东堤与西堤的交界处。清代帝后来颐和园时，经常从绣漪桥下进入昆明湖。为满足行船的要求，绣漪桥被建成高拱形单孔桥，北京人习惯称它为“罗锅桥”。

昆仑石碑共有两块，一块立于绣漪桥北面的堤岸边，一块立于铜牛北面的堤岸边，石碑四面镌刻着乾隆皇帝的御制诗。

廓如亭是我国古代园林中现存的最大的一座观景亭，建筑面积约300多平方米，由内外3圈24根圆柱与16根方柱支撑。在亭内观景，视野十分开阔，故名“廓如亭”。又因为它是八面重檐攒尖顶式样，故俗称“八方亭”。

十七孔桥东连廓如亭，西接南湖岛，全长150米，宽8米，仿北京金代卢沟桥而建。桥的栏杆望柱上精雕细刻着544只形态各异的小狮子，卢沟桥上只有485只，数量远远超过了卢沟桥。

铜牛位于廓如亭北面的堤岸边，为镇水之物。为了阐述建造铜牛的用意，乾隆皇帝特意撰写了一篇四言铭文《金牛铭》，用篆书铸在铜牛背上。以铜牛镇水源于大禹治水的典故。传说大禹每治理完一处水患，便铸造一只铜牛沉入河底，希望河道永固，永不泛滥。自唐代开始，改用铜牛置于堤岸边的形式镇水。

文昌阁是东堤最北端的建筑，建在高约10米的方形城关之上，是颐和园6座城关中最大的一座。阁内供奉铜铸文昌帝君坐像。文昌阁与万寿山西侧的宿云檐城关东西相对，一供文昌帝君，一供关羽，文东武西，寓意大清江山文武辅弼。

耶律楚材祠位于文昌阁东北，耶律楚材的祠堂和墓穴均在这里。耶律楚材为契丹贵族的后裔，是元代第一名相。光绪年间，在耶律楚材祠前建了颐和园电灯公所。

接下来我再给大家介绍一下西堤。西堤由北向南的主要景观依次为西堤六桥和景明楼。

界湖桥是西堤六桥中最北边的一座，位于昆明湖、西湖、与后湖的分界处，故名“界湖桥”。

界湖桥的南边是豳风桥。清漪园时期，此桥名为桑苧桥，光绪年间重建后，慈禧太后一是为了避咸丰皇帝的名讳，二是忌讳其发音如“丧主”，故改名“豳风桥”。“豳风”二字出自《诗经》中的《豳风 七月》，这首诗是描写西周时期豳地百姓耕田采桑场景的。豳风桥西面的耕织图中水乡泽国，男耕女织的生产生活场面与诗意相合。

豳风桥南是玉带桥。玉带桥为高拱形单孔桥，因形似玉带，故名“玉带桥”。桥身上东西两侧有乾隆皇帝亲笔撰写的对联和“玉带桥”三字。这里是去静明园的必经水路。

玉带桥南是镜桥。镜桥名称是借代唐代大诗人李白“两水夹明镜，双桥落彩虹”诗句的意境而得名。

镜桥南面是练桥。练桥名称出自南朝诗人谢眺的诗句“余霞散成绮，澄江静如练”。练是白色的丝织品，此处形容桥架在澄静如练的昆明湖水面上。

练桥的南面是柳桥。柳桥是西堤六桥中最南面的一座，名称出自唐代大诗人杜甫的诗句“柳桥晴有絮”。因西堤上遍植柳树，此桥掩映在柳浪之中，故名。

景明楼位于练桥和柳桥之间，建于乾隆年间，由主楼和两座配楼组成。景明楼的名称出自宋代文学家范仲淹的名著《岳阳楼记》中“至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷”之句，而建筑形式是按照元代画家赵子昂德名作《荷亭纳凉图》中的意境创造的。

最后，我来介绍一下湖中的岛屿。

文昌阁西北是由大小两岛组成的知春岛，知春亭建在大岛之上。亭名源自宋代大文豪苏东坡的诗中“春江水暖鸭先知”的意境。

南湖岛位于 十七孔桥西面，是昆明湖中最大的岛屿。岛上主要有南北两组建筑，南部是广润灵雨祠，俗称“龙王庙”，始建于明代。“广润”是宋真宗诏封西海龙王的封号，而昆明湖在明代有“西湖”之称，故将龙王庙命名为“广润祠”。乾隆皇帝80岁时，曾亲至这里祈雨，结果当晚大雨滂沱，第二天，乾隆皇帝又亲自来谢雨，并改名为“广润灵雨祠”。北部是涵虚堂，原名望蟾阁，乾隆年间仿黄鹤楼建造。嘉庆年间将3层的望蟾阁改为一层的涵虚堂，光绪年间，慈禧太后曾在这里效仿乾隆皇帝检阅水操战船和阵法演练。

凤凰墩位于昆明湖最南端的水域中，是仿黄埠墩而建的小岛。凤凰墩上原建有一座凤凰楼，楼顶上安装着一只镀金的铜凤凰，凤凰口中衔着一面风旗，可知风力大小和风向。凤凰墩与南湖岛南北相望，凤凰楼与龙王庙相对，寓意“龙凤呈祥”。

Word garden door and door on both sides of bamboo jin ting, bamboo, insert plant with green stone stalagmites, mottled with "emotion" rock "state, form a" spring ". Also subtly conveys the traditional culture of "cherish spring" concept, to remind people, spring scenery is good, but short, need to appreciate each double cherish attentively, to natures wonderful really boring. Hills proper swimming, the original length is not in the process, and gains in the swim, swim a joy.

Xia Jing lying in the northwest of the park, east and mountain building. Xia Jing stacked stone is given priority to with cinereous taihu, stacked stone cloud mist entrainment of tai, landscape of taihu uneven and the characteristics of thin, transparent, leakage, knit, fold stone and not random. Yin mountain, mountain pond, north a trickling water trickle plummeting to the pond fish shuttle between the water lily pool. Pond on the right side of a winding there is a direct summerhill cave, hole deep, very cold, even if the hot summer, people into the hole, feel relaxed. Summerhill should look, and high and low are scene, let a person look around, too many things to see.

Mountain building through the "one" word long corridor, east of the garden is the magnificence is ablaze, created by qing dynasty painter Shi Taozhi. Autumn scenery in huangshan mountain, stone stack, higher the area is larger. The whole mountain, west, south three points, "most of the jiangnan garden" of reputation. The entire mountain piton lingyun, appear magnificent majestic. Along the ventral way climbing up to the top of the mountain breeze YunTing, view panoramic view. The appropriate akiyama, access to connection between CheFu, such as calendar qianshanmohe, all have to climb risks.

Landscape will be winter scene arrangement under the south wall, back against the wall almost not see the sun, from a distance like snow did not disappear, the ground was paved with white stone. Winter mountain with XuanShi (quartz) stack, stone crystal white, each stone was almost cant see the edges and corners, give a person likes and has the feeling of ups and downs. Winter mountain habitable, but, of course, the best is both of three bosom friend, together in the face and mountain building leak leakage month hall, surround furnace snow, night.

The greenhouse is divided into three exhibition areas: tropical rain forestexhibition area, desert plant exhibition area and orchid exhibition area. Firstof all, we come to the tropical rainforest exhibition area. With a total area of1845 square meters, it is the largest main exhibition area of the wholegreenhouse. There are more than 1500 cultivated species, including Palmaceae,Moraceae, Bromeliaceae, Araceae, Liliaceae, Zingiberaceae, Musaceae, Araliaceae,acanthopanax senticosus, Euphorbiaceae, Begoniaceae and various ferns. The roomsimulates the scenery of tropical rain forest, and it is also dominated bytropical and subtropical plants. According to their different terrain andfunctions, they are planted separately to form a unique ecological landscape oftropical rain forest. Highlighting the primitive jungle atmosphere, palm familyincludes King coconut and old man sunflower (old man sunflower is also calledWashington sunflower, belonging to Washington family of palm family, native toIndia, Malaysia, etc.). Woody plants, evergreen trees, foliage plants, evergreencoconut trees.) For sugar producing plants, people are most familiar withsugarcane in the South and beet in the north. In fact, sugar palm in palmitaceaeis also an expert in sugar production. Sugar palm is produced in tropical Asiaand Africa. It is tall and has large and dense pinnate leaves. Its nectarcontains sugar. After the inflorescence is cut, a large amount of sugar juicecan flow out. The amount of juice of female plant is about 50% more than that ofmale plant. The juice can be used as beverage, fermented wine or concentratedboiling for 5 hours Tropical fruit is the fruit of the heart (fruit of the heartbelongs to mountain olive family fruit of the heart). It is native to Mexico,Central America and Southeast Asia. China is mainly distributed in Hainan,Guangdong, Fujian, Chinese Taiwan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places. Evergreen trees.Human heart fruit is named because its longitudinal section looks like humanheart. The best taste was 5-7 days after harvest. The milk of bark is gum; theoil content of seed kernel is up to 20%, and the root, skin and leaf can be usedfor medicine.) Mangoes (mangoes belong to the genus mangiferaceae, enjoying thereputation of "king of tropical fruits". Mango is an evergreen tree. Thenutritional value of mango is very high, and the content of vitamin A is as highas 3.8%, which is twice as much as that of apricot. The content of vitamin C isalso higher than that of oranges and strawberries. Mango contains sugar,protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients, which are necessary forhuman body. Its not seasick, its disgusting Because the cross section is likea five pointed star, it is also called "star pear" abroad. It is one of thefamous Lingnan fruits. Oxalaceae, evergreen or semi evergreen trees. It canproduce fluid and quench thirst. It is beneficial to urination, heatdissipation, pain relief and hemostasis. Besides 10% sugar, it is also rich invitamin A and C. Among them, there are waterfalls to welcome visitors, greenwater to appreciate pearls, cave heaven and blessed land, and Maoting path.

You will see this tree is Dracaena, a tropical evergreen tree, for theagave family, Dracaena. Once its bark is cut, it will flow out bright red juice,like the blood of the human body, hence its name. Most of them are distributedin limestone areas with high altitude, up to 20 meters high, belonging to classII national protected plants. The juice of Dracaena Dracaena has very highmedicinal value. It can extract the precious Yunnan red medicine, DracaenaDracaena, also known as Kirins Dracaena, which is as famous as Yunnan Baiyao.It is also the main component of the famous medicine "Qilisan". Li Shizhenpraised it as "the holy medicine of promoting blood circulation" in compendiumof Materia Medica. It has the good effects of promoting blood circulation,removing blood stasis, detumescence, relieving pain, astringency and hemostasis.It can be taken orally and used externally. It is a good treatment It is aspecial medicine for traumatic injury, promoting blood circulation andhemostasis. In 1972, Professor Cai Xitao, a famous botanist and founder ofXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, first discovered a large area ofDracaena Dracaena on the limestone mountain in Menglian County, SimaoPrefecture, Yunnan Province. The growth of Dracaena Dracaena is very slow. Itstrunk is less than 1 cm thick in one year, but its life span is the longest inthe plant kingdom, up to 8000 years, so it is called "the longevity of plants"by botanists.

You can see this is a kapok tree, a large deciduous tree of the kapokfamily. It is also called the hero tree because it grows very straight and hasred flowers like blood. The height of the tree is about 10 meters. The tree andits branches are long and hard. It mainly grows in the south of China. It bloomsin March and April every year. Its flower is called kapok. It can be used asmedicinal material and has the function of clearing away heat and dampness. Itis the city flower of Guangzhou. Here it mainly shows the tropical rain

There is a special phenomenon of root plate in forest.

Generally, the roots of plants plunge into the soil to absorb water andnutrients, supply the growth of stems, branches and leaves of aboveground parts,and also play a supporting role in bearing the gravity of aboveground parts. Inorder to better perform the above functions, the roots always develop in depthand breadth. The trees in the middle and upper layers of tropical rainforest aregenerally 30-40 meters in diameter, and their crowns are also very wide. Ifthere is no strong root system as the foundation, these trees will be top heavyand unstable, and will sink or be destroyed by tropical storms. Because thetropical rain forest is in a rainy and humid climate, the water in the soil isalways saturated or nearly saturated in the long rainy season. The roots oftrees are required for "breathing", so they are difficult to penetrate into thedeep soil layer lacking air. Since it is difficult to enter the deep soil and tosupport the aboveground parts, they adopt the strategy of developing to thesurface space. For example, this kapok tree chooses to extend the stem of thetrunk like a wing to all sides to form a plate-shaped root, which is called"plate root", and meandering along the ground to solve the problem of "heavyhead and light foot and shallow root". The wonder of natural creatures lies intheir harmonious relationship with the environment and the survival of thefittest.

Under the kapok tree is the golden bract flower, also known as the goldenbract shrimp clothing flower, Acanthaceae thick ear Acanthopanax is an evergreensubshrub. The bracts are heart-shaped, golden yellow, about 3cm long; theflowers are milky white, lip shaped, about 5cm long, protruding from the bracts.Native to Peru and Mexico. First, the temperature should be appropriate. Thesuitable temperature for its growth is 20 ℃ to 28 ℃. The second is the suitablelight. Third, water should be sufficient. Fourth, the soil should be wellpermeable. Fifthly, fertilizer should be used in the right way.

Walking in the beautiful tropical rain forest, you may suddenly find: aclump of strange emerald green leaves grows on the trunk of a tall tree, bothupward and downward. The top of each leaf splits into two pieces, and each piecesplits into two pieces, and so on. It looks like the horn of a Wapiti. This isthe famous wild ornamental plant, the second level national key protection plant- antler fern. This is the one you can see. It is a perennial evergreenepiphytic herbaceous foliage plant of antler fern family. Although antler ferntakes the tall trees as its home, it does no harm to the trees, because it is anepiphytic plant, not a parasitic plant. It can feed itself only on the foodgiven by air and rain, and does not need to absorb the nutrition of trees. Thefirst discovery of wild antler fern in China is in the primeval forest ofDayingjiang, Yunnan Province. Because antler fern often grows on the knots orbranches of tree trunks, local people also call it "tree clothes".

If you look up at this plant again, it has many broad leaves around theshort stem, forming a basin in the center, so it is named birds Nest Fern. Ifyou also want to plant birds Nest Fern, you should know that it is alsoepiphytic fern, so you cant use ordinary culture soil, but use fern root, barkblock, moss, broken brick mixed with sawdust, coconut bran and so on as pottingsubstrate. At the same time, use the cultivation container with good airpermeability, and fill the bottom of the container with broken wood Brick andother large particle materials, in order to facilitate ventilation row small.Birds Nest Fern can also be planted directly on the false tree or wood section,but it is necessary to spray water frequently to maintain high air humidity.Birds Nest Fern likes warm, humid and semi shade conditions with strongscattered light. It can grow all year round under the condition of hightemperature and humidity. The optimum temperature for its growth is 20-22 ℃. Thetemperature of overwintering in winter is 5. In spring and summer, it isnecessary to water more and spray water on the leaf surface frequently to keepthe leaf surface clean. Generally, 70% - 80% of air humidity is suitable.

But also pay attention to the water in the basin when watering, otherwiseit is easy to rot root and die. In the growing season, the decomposed liquidfertilizer was applied once every two weeks to ensure the plant growth and darkgreen leaves.

Here they mainly show the sky garden phenomenon of tropical rainforest. Inthe dark and humid tropical rainforest, there are many epiphytes, which canskillfully use the tree right and the nutrient growth in the residual birdmanure, litter or dust on the branches. Now birds Nest Fern and antler fern areepiphytic on the rubber tree, hanging high in the air. When the flowers bloom,their flowers seem to bloom in the air, so they form a wonderful sky garden.

Longtuzhu is a woody Liana belonging to Jatropha of Verbenaceae. Longtuzhuis native to tropical Africa. The suitable temperature for its growth is 18 ℃ to24 ℃ and the temperature in winter is not lower than 8 ℃. Longtuzhu is anexcellent potted flower with dark green leaves, peculiar flower shape and red inwhite, just like youlongtuzhu.

Bambusa, also known as Guanyinzhu, is a genus of Bambusa in Palmaceae,which originated in Guangdong, Yunnan and other places in China. It leavesterminal palmate division, culm covered with bract hair, bract hair fall off,there are nodes such as bamboo.

Red back osmanthus, also known as red back osmanthus, Euphorbiaceae,Aquilaria. It is native to Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam, and widely cultivatedin South China. Its an evergreen shrub, green on the surface and purplish redon the back. The flowers are unisexual, dioecious, yellow at first, and yellowwhite later. The flowering period is summer and autumn.

Saxifraga is also known as golden lotus. It is a perennial herbaceousfoliage plant belonging to Saxifragaceae. It is produced in China and Japan. Inrecent years, with the popularization and planting of perennial herbs, they canbe planted under the big trees of old green space, used as ground cover, orplanted beside buildings or rocks. It is also a traditional Chinese herbalmedicine in China.

In the green plant kingdom, pteridophytes are a lower class group of higherplants. In the ancient geological period, most of the ferns were tall trees.Later, due to the changes of the continent, most of them were deeply buried andturned into coal. Most of the plants that exist on the earth today are shortherbaceous plants, and only a few woody species have survived. So far, Alsophilaspinulosa is one of them. Alsophila spinulosa, also known as tree fern, is up to8 meters high. Fern family Alsophila. Because it is the only woody pteridophyte,extremely precious, so it is listed as a kind of key protected plant by thestate. This huge fern once spread all over the world in ancient times and wasone of the food of dinosaurs at that time. Todays relict tree species havebecome "living fossils". It has high scientific research value in speciesevolution, climate change, geographical movement and so on. From the appearance,Alsophila spinulosa looks like a coconut tree. Its trunk is cylindrical, uprightand straight. On the top of the tree, there are many large and long pinnatecompound leaves, which are floating in all directions. If its leaves arereversed, many sporangia can be seen on the back. There are many spores in thesporangia. Alsophila spinulosa has no flowers. Of course, it does not bearfruits and seeds. It depends on these spores to reproduce. Alsophila spinulosalikes warm and humid climate. It is distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan,Tibet, Guangxi, Guangdong, Chinese Taiwan and other places in China. It often growsunder the forest or in the wet and shady places beside the river and valley.Alsophila spinulosa also has many uses. Its stem

Rich in starch, it can be used for food, vases and other utensils. And asmedicine, traditional Chinese medicine is called Feitian Jue, longlongfeng. Ithas small poison, can drive rheumatism, strengthen muscles and bones, clear awayheat and stop cough. Alsophila spinulosa has a beautiful body and is a goodgarden ornamental tree.

Nymphaea is a perennial aquatic herb belonging to Nymphaeaceae, also knownas meridional lotus, water hyacinth, water celery, etc. its leaves are floatingon the water surface, with round shield shaped leaves, green leaves and purpleback leaves. Its flowers have white, red, pink, yellow, blue, purple and othercolors. Its flowering period is from June to August. Each flower can opencontinuously for 4-7 days, and then gradually curl and sink into the water afterwithering. Because of its beautiful flowers and leaves, rich colors and longflowering period, it has always been deeply loved by people. Because water lilyroot can absorb mercury, lead, phenol and other toxic substances in water, it isa rare plant material for water purification, so it has been paid more attentionin the construction of urban water purification, greening and beautification.Most water lilies open near noon and close in the evening. At present, it iscultivated in all provinces in China. The rhizome of water lily can be used forfood or wine making, and can also be used as medicine to treat childrenschronic convulsion. Water lily is divided into tropical water lily, cold zonewater lily two kinds, cold, not cold. Tropical water lily, native to the AmazonRiver Basin, can keep blooming if the temperature is kept at 18 in four seasons.Their differences are as follows:

"A single tree does not make a forest" is an old saying rich in philosophy.However, things in the world are not as monotonous as people think. Although asingle tree is not a vast forest, some trees will create a "forest" spectacle. Asingle tree grows many "tree scholars", forming a forest landscape. The maintrees that create "forest by themselves" are mulberry trees and banyan trees.This is what you see now. It grows rapidly, has a strong plant, has a broadcrown, and its branches and leaves are evergreen all the year round. It iscommonly known as big green tree. You may see that it has a lot of whiskers. Infact, they are called "air rooting". They belong to a kind of adventitious rootsand are a special form of roots of banyan trees. Banyan has a long life span,fast growth and well developed lateral branches and roots. There are many skinholes on the branches, and many aerial roots can grow everywhere, hanging downlike a beard. These aerial roots grow downward and thicken into the soil to formpillar roots, which do not branch or grow leaves. The function of aerial rootingof Ficus microcarpa is the same as other roots, which can absorb water andnutrients. At the same time, it also supports the expanding branches and makesthe crown expand. It stands like a tree trunk between the land and the mainbranches. When the old trees are surrounded by pillar roots of different sizes,the ground occupied by a single tree gives rise to the scene of "becoming aforest". A huge old banyan tree can have more than a thousand pillars. Itscanopy can cover more than 6000 square meters, which is known as "stand aloneforest".

Pandanus is a small tree in the family of pandanus. Its fiber can be usedto make a variety of handicrafts. Fresh flowers contain aromatic oil. Roots,leaves, flowers and fruits are used for medicine. It can cure nephritis, edemaand other inflammatory phlegm. It is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi,Fujian, Yunnan, Chinese Taiwan and other provinces in China. It is also distributed inother tropical Asia and southern Australia, but mostly in coastal sandy land. Inancient times, Xishuangbanna was a part of the ancient Mediterranean. Due to theHimalayan orogeny in the geological history, the ancient Mediterranean retreatedto the West and experienced "vicissitudes". But who can witness it? The researchresults of geological structure and paleontology bear witness, which isconclusive evidence for science. But these evidences are all "dead" things,which sometimes cannot be explained clearly because of "death without proof".Fortunately, nature has left dozens of plants in Xishuangbanna as livingtestimony because of its "fear", among which the Ludou tree is a very convincingone. After the disappearance of the ancient Mediterranean, it "believed" thatXishuangbanna was a good land, but did not move to the sea with its family.After a long period of training and evolution, it became a member of thetropical rain forest that developed later, and gradually adapted to the acidicsoil, humid and dark forest environment of the tropical rain forest. Moreover,it also changed the habit that it could not grow except by the sea. However, itmay be some of the reasons that "rivers and mountains are easy to change buthabits are difficult to move"

Genetic genes are still working. It needs to grow a lot of aerial roots inthe lower part of the trunk and develop into pillar roots to maintain itsoriginal habit of growing on the beach for "breathing" and supporting the plantson the ground.

Now you are entering the desert exhibition area of succulent plants.Because they have to endure the harsh environment of drought and heat in thedesert, some parts of their bodies have evolved into fat water containers, andsome even their leaves have degenerated into thorns or completely disappeared.Unlike other plants, these plants usually open their stomata when it is cool atnight to release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide Placed at home, it is anatural "air freshener", which is very beneficial to health.

After 20 years of development and construction, the Tianzhu Mountain is thedevelopment of the eight scenic areas, open six scenic spots and touristfacilities has greatly improved the visibility and Tianzhu Mountain growingreputation, Tianzhu Mountain to the number of tourists has increased, the homeand about 800,000 passengers.

Tianzhu Mountain is no longer Mr.

Yu described a "lonely Tianzhu Mountain", the tourism economy of our countyand enriching Buried Hill County of the pillar industries.

Hello everyone!

Confucius said, "it is a pleasure to have friends coming from afar." first, please allow me to extend a warm welcome to all of you on behalf of nanjing China travel agency. My name is wang. Im the tour guide. Can do for you guide is my pleasure, I and the driver Mr. Wang must service for you, try our best to meet your request, help you solve the problems and difficulties, spirits, to everyone needs. I hope that through my introduction, the ancient and beautiful nanjing will make a memorable impression. I wish you a pleasant journey!

Now I will give you a brief introduction to nanjing. Nanjing, or nanjing, is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river and is located in the golden belt of the lower Yangtze river. The area of nanjing city is about 6,597 square kilometers, with a population of nearly 8 million and a total of 11 districts and counties. It is the center of politics, economy and culture of the whole province. Climate is subtropical climate, four distinct seasons, is a very ideal tourist attraction.

Nanjing has a long history and is one of the four ancient capitals of Ming dynasty. There are "jiangnan beauties, jinling empire state" reputation. It has been more than 2,400 years since the king goujian established the "yue cheng" in 472 BC. In history, the official construction of the city began with the eastern wu sun quan, and later the eastern jin, song, qi, liang and Chen have all been established. Therefore, nanjing is known as "the ancient capital of six dynasties". Since then, the southern tang, taiping army and the republic of China have also built the capital, so nanjing has another ten dynasties.

In todays reform and opening up, nanjings economy is booming, nanjing in developing tourism, nanjing has become a comprehensive industrial base in east China, pillar industries include: electronics, auto industry, petrochemical industry, steel, electricity. Nanjing is increasing the infrastructure of the city and improving the hard environment of foreign investment in nanjing. Nanjing is also a national garden city, a national excellent tourist city, a national health city and so on. Nanjing has more than 200 tourist attractions, attracting many domestic and international tourists. Nanjings urban features are: "human and green" as one. Therefore, nanjing will become a modern international humanistic and green city with more dynamic economic development, distinct cultural features, more beautiful living environment and more harmonious society.

天津景点英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Here are (第一范文网) bring tianjin attractions English commentaries, welcome to enjoy!

一:天津独乐寺英文导游词

Temple of Solitary Joy is located at inside west city gate of Ji County, Tianjin City. It is known for its refined architecture skill in Channels ancient buildings and has got the reputation of Six Best. These are: The earliest Dingshan Gate (Gate of Withstanding Hill) of the ground hall preserved now; The earliest Chiwei object on the Hill Gate preserved now; The earliest plane distribution which took pavilion as the center on the architecture plane; The biggest clay sculptured statue of Avalokiteavara inside a pavilion in China; The Avalokiteavara is also the most ancient high storeyed one; The more precious fact is that the Temple of Solitary Joy has stood unscathed after thousand years of rain, snow, wind and frost and 28 big attacks, hence the most durable ancient Monastery of thousand years.

天津独乐寺

Entering the Temple , the first comes to sight is 10 m high gate, on the arch of which there hangs a horizontal inscribed board: Temple of Solitary Joy. The single eaves ground hall roof was the roof building form during the western Tsin (AD265-316) and Southern and Northern Dyansty (420-589) period, which was called Siadading in ancient time and now it is called big roof. On the two ends of the plane ridge, there are inward Chiweis. Chi denoted sparrow hawk in ancient time, which is a kind of fierce bird. The stand base of the gate is comparatively low, but the hall pinnacle is much higher above eaves and the pottery animal figures look sturdy; solemn and sturdy. There is no ceiling inside the pinnacle, therefor the painted beam and purlieus are visible. The whole piece is exquisitely wrought, simple arranged and skillfully done, for which people gasp in administration.

Crossing the gate, one comes to the core building - Avalokitesvara Pavilion, 23 m in height. Form outside appearance, it is two storeyed, but inside there is a hidden storey, thus three storeyed in fact. On the eaves corners, pottery unicorns are sculptured, on which little Buddha statues ride. Copper bells are hung under eaves corners, swaying with the wind, a specially refined scene. The most attractive thing is the structure of Dougong (sets of brackets on top of the columns supporting the beams within and roof eaves without——each set consisting of tiers of outstretching arms called Gong, cushioned with trapezoidal blocks called Dou). It is made of overlapping Dougong shaped wood blocks and bow shaped horizontal wood bars by adopting 24 forms with each layer stretching out as bracket, big in upper part and small in lower part, thinly scattered, steady and sturdy. It makes eaves of the pavilion look like flying, far and deep in the sky, a beautiful and magnificent view.

Entering the Avalokitesvara Pavilion, the very sight is a huge standing Avalokitesvara Statue. If one stands by it, his height is only up to her ankle. The Statue, 16.27 m in height, is the biggest clay sculpture of Avalokitesvara in China. Two statues of attendant Bodhisattvas under the knee of Avalokitesvara are also 3 m in height. On the crown of the head of Avalokitesvara, there are 10 small Avalokitesvares heads, hence it is called 11 faces Avalokitesvara. Reviewing around the inner part of the pavilion, one can discover that pillars of high and low storeys are not directly linked through, but the pillars of the upper storey are inserted into the arch head of that of lower storey. The upper storey of the pavilion is in a form of six corners empty well, while the lower storey is in a form of square empty well. This kind of structure is not only beautiful and strong, but also adds the space of the upper part of Budha statues. On the four walls inside the pavilion, colorful murals are painted, the theme of which is the images of 16 Arhats and 2 Ming Dynasty Emperors, which are the earliest subjects of Buddhism. On he murals, 2 m high Arhats with 3 heads and 4 arms are extremely lifelike and Ming Emperors on the four walls are full of power and grandeur. On the upper part of the murals, there are mountains, forest, cloud and river, while on the lower part, there are paintings of secular themes with vivid and natural lines, which embody the superb the skill and arts of painting of ancient Buddhism in China.

二:天津英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Historical relics, natural scenery, temples, churches, assembly halls and commemorative sites of the Chinese revolution will illuminate Tianjins past, present and future. Tianjin is honored as Building Museum as it was occupied by nine imperial powers before the founding of the new China, leaving behind many buildings with extraordinary and exotic architectural styles, a real feast for the eye! In the following text let me give you a brief introduction to the Jinmen Shijing (top ten scenic attractions in Tianjin).

Huangyaguan Great Wall :

Located in the mountainous area of Tianjins northern Ji County, the Huangyaguan Great Wall was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550 - 557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). When appointed as the chief commanding officer in the Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons of the Ming Dynasty), Qi Jiguang added watch towers and other defensive works.

The Huangyaguan Great Wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites in Tianjin. It is considered to be a miniature of the Great Wall. The entire section is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. Being endowed with both natural beauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot and a summer resort. The major scenic area is composed of Huangyaguan Pass and Taiping Mountain Stronghold.

Huangyaguan Pass: In 1984, the people of Tianjin spent three years repairing 3,308 yards of the main wall from Banlagang Mountain in the east to Wangmaoding Mountain in the west. They restored 20 terraces, the Huangyaguan Water Gate, and the Bagua Castle (the Eight Diagrams Castle). The defensive system of the wall is complete. Watch towers, frontier cities, drain holes, emplacements, barracks and other indispensable military facilities are arranged orderly along the wall. Besides, the stele forests of the Great Wall, Beiji Temple, the exhibition hall of famous couplets, the Great Wall Museum (the first museum along the Great Wall) and the Phoenix Fortress have been newly built within the area.

Taipingzhai Great Wall :

Six miles southeast of Huangyaguan Pass is the Taipingzhai Great Wall, another important mountain stronghold of the wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). It is also called Taipinganzhai, meaning "a village of peace and prosperity". Starting from Banlagang Mountain in the east and arriving at Guafu Tower (Widow Tower) in the west, it winds through the precipitous mountains for about 955 yards.

The wall is an important component of Huangyaguan Great Wall. There are six watch towers, one battlement, and one shortcut leading to the wall. The architectural styles of the military towers vary considerably. There are square, round, solid and hollow towers, with some inside and others outside the wall. Beside the shortcut, there is a small citadel where an 8.5-meter statue of Qi Jiguang, the chief commanding officer of Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons in the Ming Dynasty) is located. The local people built this statue in order to commemorate his great contribution to frontier peace and stability in that period. To the west of the citadel, a section of the wall extends 33 yards out to where a sentry post was situated.

At the western end of the wall is a square stone tower called Guafu Tower, "Widow Tower" in English, built by twelve wives whose husbands died during the construction of the wall in the Ming Dynasty. The widows erected this tower to commemorate their husbands notable exploits. The tower has two levels and measures 13-meters (14-yards) high. Arched arrow windows are on the four sides of the tower.

Besides these cultural points of interest, Taipingzhai Great Wall is also famous for its amazingly impressive scenery. Zigzagging along the mountain ridge for over 984 yards, the wall looks very much like a giant dragon flying through clouds.

Mt. Panshan Scenic Area :

Covering an area of 106 square kilometers (about 26193 acres), Mt. Panshan Scenic Area is located in Jixian County, 110 kilometers (68.4 miles) away from Tianjin, 88 kilometers (54.7 miles) away from Beijing. As the name suggests, the scenic area is mainly Mt Panshan–oriented. Endowed with natural beauty and a historical heritage, Mt Panshan is known as The First Mountain East of Beijing and is listed as one of the top fifteen mountains in China.

The mountain acquired its present name, early in the Eastern Han (25-220). Taizong , the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), was prodigal of his praise of its scenery on his chance visit when he led the army in a campaign. Seventy-two temples, thirteen pagodas and numerous Xanadus and towers were built on the mountain in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Qianlong, a brilliant and wise Qing Dynasty emperor was so impressed that he made thirty or so visits and wrote 1366 poems to express his admiration of the area. In the first half of the twentieth century, the whole resort all fell to ruin due to hostilities and neglect. It has undergone a process of restoration since the 1990s and is now regaining its fame.

It is famous for jade pine trees, strange and astonishing peaks, clear waters, grotesquely shaped rocks and clusters of ancient temples. On the mountaintop, numerous pines hide the sky from view and block out the sunshine. Rugged rocks in a variety of shapes, some of which resemble a toad, a general or a boa, will greet you in the middle of the mountain. At its foot, clear water splashes on the rocks. The mountain consists of five peaks, with the main one, Guayue (Moon Hanging) Peak. Although Guayue Peak is only 857 meters (2811.7 feet) above sea level, to the north it is possible to see a section of the Great Wall while to the west Mt Taihang can be seen.

From the Wei State during the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280) onwards, emperors enthusiastically commissioned the building of temples, towers and Xanadus resulting in over 160 such sites. There are four main temples: Tiancheng Temple (God Proposing Temple), Yunzhao Temple (Cloud-Hiding Temple), Wanfo Temple (Ten Thousand-Buddha Temple) and Wansong Temple (Ten Thousand-Pine Temple). Tiancheng Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, was enlarged and repaired in the Ming and the Qing dynasties. To the east of this temple stands the Ancient Dagoba. As the biggest tower in this mountain, it has thirteen floors. The roof of the Yunzhao Temple was a golden yellow, a color that normally was only allowed to be used on imperial buildings. By granting permission for this, Emperor Qianlong demonstrated his approval and admiration of the mountain. Wanfo Temple (Ten Thousand-Buddha Temple) has 10,960 small Buddhas statues.

The Sky Pond of Changbai Mountain

The Sky Pond of Changbai Mountain, the largest crater lake, is the boundary lake between China and North Korea, as well as the source of Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. It is elliptical. Its height is 21.4k㎡, with the surface area of 9.82 square kilometers, surface perimeter 13.17 km. The depth is 373 meters, with an average water depth of 204 meters. The total storage capacity is 2.04 billion cubic meters. The average evaporation is 450 mm, average annual precipitation 1333 mm. The average annual temperature here is -7.3 degrees. it is a huge natural reservoir. In 20xx, it won the Guinness world record----the volcanic lake with the highest elevation.

各位游客，大家好，

我是你们今天的导游员，我叫____，我来自于___旅行社，很高兴能为大家服务，也希望我的服务能给大家带来轻松和愉快。在我右手边的是我们的司机王师傅，他已经有了多年驾龄，所以大家尽可放心，尽情欣赏窗外美丽的风景和倾听由我给你带来的热心讲解。今天我带大家游览的是最有扬州风情特色的烟花古巷。现在距离我们的目的地东关街还有一段距离，下面由我来简要介绍一下我们的历史古城扬州。

扬州是一个会让人产生自豪感的城市，它的历史可以向上追溯2500年。这座千年古城屡经风云变幻，汉代的兴盛，隋唐的繁盛，明清的鼎盛，使这座古城体现出了无限的魅力。今日的扬州更是风采依旧。它是国务院首批历史文化名城、中国优秀旅游城市，04年获得中国人居环境奖，06年获得“联合国人居奖城市”。头顶这么多美丽的光环，扬州的秀美景色一定让各位不虚此行，来了就不想走了!

扬州的好吃的好玩的好看的，不用我多说，很多早已久负盛名了。先说玩的，扬州的景点很多，如诗如画的瘦西湖、晚清第一名园“何园”、四大名园之一的个园等等。扬州还有很多特色美食，像大家所熟悉的扬州炒饭、大煮干丝、富春包子等等，这些足可以让您在扬州期间大饱口福!“早上皮包水，晚上水包皮”这是对扬州百姓生活的最生动概括，另外，扬州还有“三把刀”，分别是理发刀、修脚刀、菜刀，这不仅是指扬州的刀口好，而是还反映了扬州三大服务业的繁盛。也就是说，这三把刀背后还代表了三大服务业，分别是：理发刀代表的是理发美容业，修脚刀代表的是修脚沐浴业，厨刀代表的是餐饮服务业。“到扬州，吃得好，玩得好，还要享受剃头洗个澡”，这已经成为近三百年来到扬州享受生活的典型写照。

每个城市都有自己最美的侧面，扬州的古巷也可以算是扬州最美的侧面了，扬州人常说：“巷连巷，巷通巷，大巷里面套小巷。”东西南北，横竖曲折，在扬州十几平方公里的老城区里就有500多条巷子。而巷子的大小是不能用长短，而是要用深浅来衡量的。于是也就有了“酒香不怕巷子深”的说法。在繁华似锦的扬州历史上，巷子的深浅也是门户高低的象征，幽幽的巷子尽头必隐藏着庭院深深的富商名贾之家。