颐和园介绍导游词【精彩20篇】

微山湖生态旅游风景区是微山湖的一部分，位于徐州市北部20公里 铜山区境内，主要范围在徐州微山湖湖西湿地保护区内，沿湖滩涂60公里长，宽1-2公里，面积100平方公里，包括马坡镇、沿湖农场、柳新镇、茅村镇、柳泉镇、利国镇等相邻6个乡镇及铜山岛、龟山岛、黄山岛、套里岛、黄庄岛等低山丘陵岛屿，区内有个自然村。

微山湖湖西湿地保护区位于江苏省 徐州市境内， 东南面与铜山区接壤，西与汉高祖刘邦的家乡——沛县相连，北临山东省微山县。湿地保护区内，有野生脊椎动物300多种，其中有国家一级保护动物中华秋沙鸭、大鸨;二级保护动物有大天鹅、灰鹤等;江苏省重点保护动物刺猬、鹳、雁类、杜鹃、啄木鸟等。湖域湿地内现有林业用地面积约8418平方公里，林地面积约7117平方公里，森林覆盖率为27.2%。在京杭大运河以西已形成宽200米、长达125公里的绿化长廊。

微山湖物产丰富，向来有“日出斗金”的说法，鱼类现有78种，以鲤鱼为主，经济鱼类有 鲫鱼、 黄鱼、 乌鳢、红鳍鲌、 长春鳊和 鲤鱼6种，底栖动物包括 软体动物、 节肢动物、环节动物、昆虫等63种，其资源总量为98876吨，浮游植物共116种，其中优势种14种， 浮游动物248种，优势种共32种， 水生维管束植物74种，全湖现存为304万吨，渔业生物饵料相当丰富。微山湖还是迁徙水禽及其重要的越冬栖息地，区内共有鸟类205种，其中国家一、二级重点保护鸟类主要有 大鸨、 大天鹅、 白枕鹤、灰鹤、 鸳鸯等26种，山东省重点保护鸟类35种，列入《中国与日本保护候鸟及其栖息环境协定》二百二十七种中有一百零九种，占48%;列入《中国与澳大利亚保护候鸟及其栖息环境协定》八十一种中有二十五种，占31%。

湿地植被以 禾本科，菊科，莎章科，豆科，寥科和眼子菜科为主的植物构成。主要植物群落有芦苇群落、茄群落、莲群落等挺水植被带;杏菜群落， 菱角+ 芡实群落等浮叶根深植被带; 马来眼干菜，微齿眼子菜群落，苦草植物群落等沉水植被带， 水生植被盖度达89.9%，有“水下森林”的美誉。受国家一，二，三级保护的植物主要有水蕨，粗梗水蕨，中华秸缕草和野大豆等9种。

传说，很久以前，微山湖那块地方，原本是长几十里，高几百丈的大山，因山上有微子墓人们就给它起了个名叫微山。微山山腰住着一户人家，只有祖孙二人。爷俩儿开垦了几亩山坡地，种点庄稼维持生活。虽说日子过得穷苦，倒也舒心安稳。

有一年秋天，豆子快熟了，豆粒又胖又大，爷俩儿很高兴觉得定是个丰收年，不愁没粮食吃啦。一天傍晚，孙子去豆地里看豆子，抬头见一个白胡子老头，赶着一群绵羊在豆地里放。小孙子跑过去问：“老爷爷，您怎么放羊放到俺豆地里啦?”老头说：“你这豆子收不成啦，十天以内，这座大山就要崩塌啦，这里，就变成一片 汪洋大湖，豆子还能收?!不如喂了我的羊。”停了停，他又说：“您爷俩儿可是好人啊，赶快朝天亮的方向逃走吧，可不能在这里久留啦。”说罢，化作一阵清风不见了，羊群也无影无踪了。

小孙子赶快跑回家，把刚才的事告诉了爷爷。爷爷听了，说这是神仙点化，就连夜收拾行李衣物。一边准备带领小孙子朝东方逃走，一边告诉乡亲们跟他们一块逃。就这样一传十、十传百，没过几天，山上、山下的人都逃光了。

就在第九天的半夜里，只听一阵山崩地裂的响声，随后微山就陷下去了。微山塌陷变成了汪洋，原来微山的最高峰变成了小岛，从此人们就把这片汪洋叫做微山湖，把汪洋中的小岛叫做 微山岛了。

普宁寺系承德外八庙之一，是国务院确定的汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院。这里群山环抱，形胜优越，气候绝佳，山水兼有北雄南秀之美。清朝政府在这里兴建了皇家园林避暑山庄和外八庙佛教建筑群，在康熙、乾隆、嘉庆年间成为仅次於北京的全国第二个政治中心，它融汇了我国多民族的历史、文化、艺术和建筑，使承德成为一座以园林和寺庙著称的著名历史文化名城。外八庙修建於清康熙五十二年至乾隆四十五年(l7l3-l780年)，由溥仁寺、溥善寺、普乐寺、安远庙、普宁寺、普佑寺、须弥福寿之庙、普陀宗乘之庙、殊像寺、广安寺和罗汉堂等11座寺庙组成，这11座寺庙分外八处受北京雍和宫管辖，得名“外八庙”。其中以普宁寺最为完整、壮观。

普宁寺建於清乾隆二十至二十四年(1755-1759年)，占地面积33000平方米，是外八庙中较大的寺庙建筑群。当时清政府平定了厄鲁特蒙古准噶尔部达瓦齐的叛乱，在避暑山庄为厄鲁特四部上层贵族封爵，因他们信奉藏传佛教，故仿西藏三摩耶(又称桑耶寺)建制修建了普宁寺。淆政府希望边疆人民“安其居，乐其业，永永普宁”，取名“普宁寺”。

普宁寺建筑风格独特，它吸收并融合了汉地佛教寺院和藏传佛教寺院的建筑格局，南半部为汉地寺庙的“七堂伽蓝”式布局:中轴线上依次分布着山门、天王殿、大雄宝殿等殿堂;两侧为钟鼓楼和东西配殿，南北长150米，宽70米。北半部为藏式寺庙建筑:以大乘阁为中心，周围环列着许多藏式碉房建筑物——红台、白台以及四座白色喇嘛塔。

清朝末年，普宁寺随着清政府的衰落而衰败。北洋军阀统治时期，军阀盗走大量珍贵文物和佛像。抗日战争时期，日军从外八庙盗走大小金、银、铜佛143尊，殿内用品120件，匾额四块，丹珠尔经、甘珠尔经等13部，其中有的经籍用金字书写，珍珠装饰。1948年承德解放，人民政府成立了外八庙管理处，对断壁残垣、满目疮痍的普宁寺进行维修和保护，对濒临倒塌的大乘阁等建筑进行落架修复，使之得以完好地保存下来。1961年普宁寺被列为全国重点文物保护单位。1985年进驻喇嘛，作为宗教活动场所开放。

普宁寺正门，面阔五间，当中三间石刻拱门，象徵“三解脱门”(空门、无相门、无作门)。殿内供奉的两位天神即“哼哈二将”，是1986年修复时新塑的，高4.34米，木骨泥塑。手持金刚杵，裸露上身，衣缠腰际，瞠目作威猛状。左为密持金刚，右为那罗延金刚。碑亭为平面三间方型，重檐歇山顶，下檐单翘单昂，上檐单翘重昂，黄琉璃瓦绿剪边覆顶。亭内有三座碑，中间是《御制普宁寺碑文》，记载了兴建普宁寺原委和布局;左右为《御制平定准噶尔勒铭伊犁之碑》、《御制平定准噶尔后勒铭伊犁之碑》，记述清政府平定准噶尔部贵族达瓦齐.阿睦尔撒纳的叛乱，巩固西北边防的史实。这三座碑均为乾隆御笔，用满、汉、蒙、藏四种文书写成。钟楼平阔三间，两层楼阁，单檐歇山顶。内悬清朝雍正年间铜钟一尊，高2米，口径1.26米。每日清晨，喇嘛叩击108响，僧人开始上殿念经。佛教称这108声钟声可去108种烦恼，“闻钟声，烦恼清，智慧长，菩提生”。

大殿为重檐歇山顶，覆绿剪边黄琉璃瓦，正脊中央置一藏传佛教寺院建筑特有装饰铜质鎏金宝塔。屋脊、前后垂脊、岔脊头共有十个鸱吻，在建筑上可保护脊垄稳固、不渗水。檐角上各有七个栩栩如生的飞禽走兽像，它们各有其寓意。第一个是龙，能兴风作雨，是帝王象徵。第二个为凤，鸟中之王，指有圣德之人。第三个是狮子，为镇山之王，勇猛威严。第四个是天马，象徵皇帝威德畅达四方。第五个是海马，喻意皇帝威德可通天八海。第六个是狻猊，是一种能食虎豹的猛兽。第七个叫押鱼，为海中异兽，能灭火防灾。大殿正中供奉三世佛，中间是现世佛释迦牟尼，左边是前世佛燃灯，右边是未来佛弥勒，木雕金漆，金光闪烁，仪态庄严。两侧山墙石坛上排列十八罗汉像。北墙绘有八尊度母和胜乐十六天女图，栩栩如生，传神入画。屋顶绘有六字真言。

普宁寺后半部的藏式寺院建筑是模仿桑耶寺风格，通过建筑总体布局和个体造型来反映藏传佛教的世界观，把密宗的曼荼罗等清净佛国理想境界用具体建筑形象表现出来，使整个建筑具有象徵作用。“曼荼罗”的梵语，义为“轮集”，或译作“;轮坛”、“坛城”，是密宗僧侣修行时构筑的法坛，后演变为“圆轮俱足、诸佛集会”的圣坛。普宁寺的后半部就是根据佛经对宇宙的描述设计的。大乘之阁巍然屹立中间，代表须弥山，象徵世界中心，阁之东西则建有日殿和月殿，表示日月环绕宇宙世界运行，阁的四面有四座重层殿宇代表四大部洲:东胜神洲殿象徵风，起着长养万物的作用，形如半月，故建筑月牙形台殿;南瞻部殿象徵火，形为三角，起着促进万物成熟的作用，建成梯形台殿;西牛贺洲殿象徵水，摄受万物，建成椭圆形台殿;北俱卢洲象徵地，保护万物，建成正方形台殿。阁之四隅有四座宝塔，代表佛之“四智”:西北角的白色塔为“大圆境智”，能清楚地反映、认识世界万象;东北角黑色塔为“平等性智”，视世界万物平等无差别;东南角的红色塔为“妙观察智”，表示佛能明察善恶，妙观万法;西南角绿色塔为“成所作智”，表示信佛能成就自利和利他事业。大乘之阁五顶紧密连接，结成一个屋顶组群，四大部洲的台殿和日月殿是把藏式平顶建筑改变比例，作为基座，上建汉式木构建筑，而白台建筑则是藏族形式，这样使汉藏建筑巧妙结合，外形雄伟又具有园林配置，形成汉藏文化相互融合的风格独特的寺庙建筑。

大乘之阁内部分三层，在上下贯通的中部供奉着世界最大的木雕——千手千眼观世音菩萨像。这尊佛像高22.28米，腰围15米，重量达110顿，用松、柏、榆、椴、杉五种木材制成，约需120立方米木材。观音站在莲花座上双手合十，背后又生出40只手来，每只手上有一只眼隋，各持一件法器。造型庄严，慈颜善目，衣纹自然流畅，是宝贵的艺术珍品。

在千手千眼观音两旁是高达l4米的善才和龙女木雕塑像。大乘之阁的二楼供藏五方佛，三楼的迥廊上供奉三世佛和宝塔。阁内的墙壁均用万佛龛装饰，每个佛龛内部都有一尊金漆藏泥无量寿佛，共计一万零九十尊，整个殿堂装饰得金碧辉煌。

大乘之阁东侧还有妙严室，是乾隆皇帝进庙休息之所。西侧有讲经堂，是蒙古佛教首领章嘉国师和哲布尊丹巴呼图克图讲经场所。周围还有八栋共4o间僧房，是上层佛教界人士驻锡之所和喇嘛僧房。据说在乾隆年间，普宁寺有喇嘛二百多人。清末普宁寺开始衰落。

1956年5月，承德市佛教界从内蒙延请30名蒙古族喇嘛进驻普宁寺。他们中有活佛三人，道日本二人，格斯贵二人，翁则达一人，经师一人。其中还有15名年龄在18到21岁的年轻喇嘛，具有初、高中文化水平，兼通蒙语、汉语。现在，普宁寺已有42名喇嘛。喇嘛入寺后，恢复了普宁寺的宗教活动和传统的正月法会、四月法会、六月法会、九月法会和十月法会。

普宁寺喇嘛为了管理好寺庙，成立了“喇嘛教务委员会”和“普宁寺管理处”，制定了《喇嘛岗位责任制度》、《殿堂管理规定》、《门禁制度》等各项规章。为了搞好安全防火工作，普宁寺对殿堂内香火严格管理，供桌上的香炉是躺式泥陶香炉，酥油海灯带有玻璃灯罩，供桌上辅有防火铁板，庙内各院、殿堂部有禁止吸菸广告牌。各殿堂都配备全套消防器材，17名喇嘛组成业馀消防队，经过消防部门培训，能够动作迅速地完成消防任务。自1986年以来，普宁寺每年都要接待六十多万人参观朝拜，中外宾客对普宁寺宏伟的殿堂、整洁的环境和幽美的景色赞不绝囗。这几年，普宁寺被评为承德市“双文明建设先进单位”和卫生、绿化先进单位。河北省承德市佛协理事、普宁寺教务员会格斯贵(铁棒喇嘛)格巴为了方便周围群众治病，办起了“藏医诊所”，用自己采集的草药为群众治病，被群众称为“菩萨神医”。

Dear friends: passengers

How do you do! Im the tour guide, my name is liang, you call I beam guide. Very glad to serve you. Today Ill guide you to visit the famous royal garden, the Summer Palace.

The Summer Palace beauty such as immortal mirror? Because it is associated with water up to the mountain. Mountain, according to the longevity hill, with water, the kunming lake. We today is coming to travel. Ok, few words said, lets go to climb the longevity hill.

We have now arrived at the foot of longevity hill, you can looking upward, the rows of resplendent and magnificent palace is cloud temple. Looked up again, the star of the pyramid three layer architecture is the buddhist incense. You dont have to wait, because we are heading for the top of the mountain.

We have now reached the top of the longevity hill and looked down on, you can see the beautiful scenery. Look, the lush trees, with the yellow green glazed tile roof and wall of scarlet. Really beautiful! But there are more beautiful. Look! The kunming lake is proof of that?

We are going to travel on the last leg of - kunming lake.

Kunming lake is very beautiful, beautiful enough to be with than the west lake. Kunming lake on several islands, as long as we walked through the long stone bridge, you can go to the island to play. In the stone bridge, one of the most famous seven Kong Qiao dozens, because it has seventeen little tunnel.

We travel to the end.

女士们!先生们!大家好!我叫某某某。今天，由我来带领你们游览“三孔”：孔府·孔庙·孔林。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”我有幸担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家服务，不足之处，请批评改正。在参观三孔之前，请允许我介绍一下曲阜。曲阜地处鲁中小区和鲁西南平原的交界处。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。

现在我们参观孔庙。孔庙位于曲阜城中心，是古代人们为了几年孔子生前的伟大思想宽阔的精神品质所建的一座韵味十足的建筑。前后九进院落，占地327.5亩，南北长达1公里;共有建筑466间，54座门坊;加之庙内1700余株古树，一个个直冲云天，听说当时谁敢砍倒一棵，就会以杀头处理。每一棵树，每一个门的名字都含有孔子“仁”的思想。

孔府与孔庙毗邻,是孔子嫡系长子长孙居住的府第,三路布局,九进院落,共有建筑463间,加上后花园,共占地240亩。孔府，也称“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是说“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接续，进入孔府大门，由此向后孔府分为三路，东路建有一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙等;西路是孔府当年接待贵宾和读书习礼的地方，有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂、花厅等;中路是孔府的主体建筑，前半部为官衙，后半部为内宅。

孔林，是孔子家庭的专用墓地，也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地。占地三千多亩。周围垣墙高3米，厚1.5米，长14.5华里。林内有各种树木10万多株，数百种植物。在万木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壮观。现在自由活动3小时，可以自行游览“三孔”，也可以进行游戏、野餐等活动，但必须保证卫生。 参观“三孔”到此结束了!

尊敬のご友人たちは観光客

私はあなたのガイド、私姓侯、みんなが私を呼ぶ侯導。今日私たちは北京の见物の颐和园。多くの観光客が訪れ、颐和园游完スポット後、感じは一字の「美」。颐和园は王立園林に含まれ、今や >。よかった、今の我々颐和园鑑賞の「美」だろう。

我々の門に回って、大田(テジョン)、今は有名な散策を訪れた。见て!柱は绿、漆の手すりは紅殻塗りの。よく见ると、みんな见头ですか?この条しまる六メートル余りが長く、273間に分けた。みんなに梁上ほら、はすべてセクドンの絵。この絵の人物は、その絵は、絵の草花の風景だ。今私达の见たすべての絵のうち、どちらが2点は同じだ。そして、微風両側花木、みんなか爽快だろうか。

長い廊下の絵もエピソードですね!乾は、乾隆帝時代、母親の特別聞き上手ストーリー、よく见物しながら散策、女官物語。彼女が特に好きな物を追い返し女官を繰り返した彼女。时间が长く、女官のお腹のストーリーは、以前のさえも、思い出せない。その後で考え出したいい方法:1、隆の母親は、物語の絵を贴って、絵にしまる。太?年老い眼拙から、見えない红彩画、これは察した。と、これは颐和园しまる红彩画の出所。

この道を歩いて、终に生かした足元万寿山。みんながよく见ると、山と山下の风景は違ってよ!みんな、その座を見上げ、八角宝塔形の3階の建物が仏香閣、あの光っているのは、琉璃瓦、下の宫殿は云殿。

しばらくは自由に活動できる時間、みんな再细めの颐和园の絶景だ。ポイ舍てないでください、皮、落書き、危険なところに行かない! ! ! ! ! !午後五時ちょうど颐和园門は、有事に集合できる电话。皆さん游びのうれしい!

颐和园英文导游词

good morning ladies and gentlemen:

my name is . i’m very honored to be youre guide. i do hope all of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. this morning we are going to visit the summer palace. the summer palace is located on the northwest suburbs of beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. so it will take us about 1 hour to get there. before we arrived at the summer palace, i would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the woderful imperial garden. the summer palace is the most beautiful and the largest imperial garden existing in chinan, and it is the best-preserved imperial garden in the world. in 1998, it was placed on the list of world cultural heritage by the unesco.

the summer palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of 12th century in the jin dynasty. the construction continued to the yuan and ming dynasties. in the qing dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. during emperor qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘three hills and five gardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of beijing. the summer palace was a part of it and at that time was called the garden of clear ripples. in 1860, the anglo-french allied forces invaded beijing. the ‘three hills and five gardens’ were burnt down to ashes.

in 1888, the empress dowager cixi spent the navy fund having the garden of clear ripples rebuilt. and then she renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace).

in 1900, the allied forces of eight powers invaded beijing. the summer palace was once again severely damaged. it was rebuilt again in 1902.

in 1924, the last emperor puyi was driven out of the palace, after that, the summer palace was turned into a public park.

ladies and gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway. it is called “emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the first scenery of the summer palace. the two chinese words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. the two words on the back side mean collection of excellence and refer to the tranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the east palace gate)

now, we have arrived at the east palace gate. it’s the main entrance of the summer palace. on top of the gate there is a plaque with three chinese characters ‘the summer palace’ in emperor guangxu’s handwriting. the gate that we are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the old days.

(inside the east palace gate)

now we are inside the summer palace. in front of us is the second gate of the summer palace— the gate of benevolence and longevity. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the privy council. well, before we start our tour in the garden, i will briefly introduce you the layout of the summer palace and our tour route. o.k., ladies and gentlemen, may i have your attention please? let’s look at the map together, from it we can see the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies the three-fourths. the whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and end off the marble boat. on the way, we will visit the main constructions of the summer palace, such as the hall of jade ripples, the hall of happiness and longevity, the long corridor, the hall of dispelling clouds and so on. it will take us about two hours to visit the summer palace. please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver will pick us up at the north gate. should you get lost or separated from the group, please meet us at the north gate.

ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the hall of benevolence and longevity. follow me please.

(inside the courtyard of the benevolence and longevity)

passing through the gate of benevolence and longevity, we have already entered the courtyard of the hall of benevolence and longevity. the huge rock in front of us is taihu rock. it was quarried from taihu lake in jiangsu province, so it was known as taihu rock. please look around the courtyard and you can see there are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. the taihu rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.

the bronze mythical animal behind the taihu rock is known as suanni or some people call it qilin. according to ancient chinese mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. it was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds. suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox and the tail of lion.

(in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity)

this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was first built in 1750. the name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘lun yu’ by confucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.” this hall was the place where emperor guangxu and empress dowager cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the summer palace. for protecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. so i would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the hall of benevolence and longevity. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. there are two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame and glass mirror inlaid. on the mirror there are 226 chinese characters of the word ‘longevity’ written in different styles. there are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big chinese character ‘longevity’ written on it. it was said that the word ‘longevity’ written by empress dowager cixi. there are 100 bats painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. they were used to burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. in the old days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and empress. according to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the hall.however, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes are in the middle. this was a product of the end of qing dynasty when empress dowager cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuour harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with bejing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smile. the grand theater building was known as the ‘cradle of beijing opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. there are 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this is the grand theater building. of the three main theater buildings of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and largest one. the other two are changyin pavilion in the forbidden city and qingyin pavilion in the mountain resort in chengde. the grand theater building, a three-storied structure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. it is 21 meters high and 17 meters wide. performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. the top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. each level has the entrance and the exit. there are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a certain atmosphere on the stage. there is also a well and five ponds built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. the stage is open to three sides.

well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the grand theater building, it’s the hall of pleasure smile. the empress dowager cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the peking opera.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolence and longevity. it appears that there’s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is an application of a specific style of chinese

gardening.

now, we are walking along the bank of the kunming lake. look over there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. it’s called the spring heralding islet. the pavilion on the islet is called the spring heralding pavilion. a number of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. in early spring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. hence the name ‘heralding sping pavilion’.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the hall of jade ripples. the words “jade ripples” came from a verse “gentle ripples gushing out of jade spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. in the late qing dynasty, it was where emperor guangxu was put under house arrest.

this hall is a hallmark of the movement of 1898. emperor guangxu was emperor dowager cixi’s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, emperor dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. she ‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. after emperor guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the core principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. it was called the ‘hundred-day reform’. after the reform failed, emperor guangxu was put under house arrest here. for the strict control of him, empress dowager cixi ordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of the hall of jade ripples. at that time the hall was entirely sealed up, just like a prison. today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room still maintain its original appearance. it is open to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 reform movement.

(in front of the chamber of collecting books)

this is the chamber of collecting books. in chinese, it’s called “yi yun guang”. “yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. in ancient times, it was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.in the emperor qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. later it was converted into a residence. there used to be the residence of guangxu’s empress longyu, and his favorite concubine zhenfei.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

this group of courtyard is the hall of happiness and longevity. it was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence of empress dowager cixi. the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. in front of the hall of happiness and longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this courtyard named “qing zhi xiu” and nicknamed as “family bankruptcy rock”. this huge rock was discovered in fangshan district by a ming official mi wanzhong. he wanted to transport it to his own garden “shaoyuan”. in the old days, transporting such rock was very difficult. after spending all his money to ship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. the big rock was then left on the roadside somewhere near liangxiang county, 30 kilometers southwest of beijing. hence it was nicknamed “family bancruptcy rock”. later emperor qianlong discovered it and transported to the garden of clear ripples and laid in front of the hall of happiness and longevity. the colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall was introduced from germany in 1903. it is one of the earliest electric lights in china.

(in front of the gate of inviting the moon of the long corridor)

ladies and gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in the world, such as the louvre in france and the museum of great britain. now i will show you a special gallery in the palace—the long corridor. in 1990, the long corridor was listed in the guinness book of world records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the world’. it would be a pity if we leave the summer palace without visiting the long corridor and the marble boat. now, here we go, the long corridor first!

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor starts from the gate inviting the moon to the shizhang gate. it is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace. since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( retaining the goodness pavilion, living with the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion, clear and far pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of a year. thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

the long corridor is the longest covered veranda in any chinese garden. on the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 suzhou style paintings. among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes of west lake in hangzhou, zhejiang province. beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and figures. the paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient chinese classical literature, such as ‘pilgrimage to the west’, ‘the romance of the three kingdoms’, ‘the western chamber’, “water margin’, and ‘the dream of the red mansion’.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the central axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the sea of wisdom on top of the hill. the main architectural structures here are the gate of dispelling clouds, hall of dispelling clouds, tower of buddhist incense and the sea of wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structures are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace. this is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about 15 minutes.

now we are walking continuely along the long corridor, the next scene we are going to visit is marble boat.

look over there! halfway up the slope there stands the hall of listening to orioles. it was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and court music. it is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. before the garden of virtuous harmony was built, empress dowager cixi enjoyed opera and music here. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.

this is the famous marble boat. a famous scientist of china’s eastern han dynasty once said, “water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” a prime minister of tang dynasty wei zheng once used these words to persuade li shimin, the emperor of the tang dynasty. he said people are water and the emperor is the boat. people can support a good emperor. however, they also can overthrow the dynasty. emperor qianlong built this huge boat in the garden in order to make the allusion concrete. on one hand, emperor qianlong encouraged himself to run the country well. on the other hand, he wanted to show that his rule of the qing dynasty was as firm as the marble boat and there was no fear of overturning the boat. the marble boat was the place for emperor qianlong to sample tea and enjoy the scenery of kunming lake. emperor qianlong once came here to engage in the freeing of captive animals. in the times of qianlong, the marble boat was a chinese styled stone boat with a chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of it. when it was rebuilt in the times of guangxu, a foreign and chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each side. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. a big mirror was installed on the superstructure for viewing rain.

our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the marble boat. today we only visited the major scenic spots of the summer palace. i have left other spots of interest for your next visit. i will now show you out through the ruyi gate. our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. i do hope you enjoyed today’s tour. thank you.

各位游客：大家好!欢迎大家到颐和园景区观光游览，今天我有幸和大家一起参观，我姓王，大家可以叫我小王，或叫我王导，望各位能在这里度过一段美好的时光。

北京的颐和园是一座皇家林园，是一个宏伟的古典园林。

我们现在夸进大门，绕过大殿，就来到了著名的长廊。你们看，这绿漆的柱子，再看看这红漆的栏杆，真是一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七八米长，分成二百七十三间。真多啊!每间都有好看的画，你看这人物、花草、风景，没有一幅相同，你有没有为古代人民的智慧而赞叹呢?我是十分钦佩的哦!

不知不觉我们一走到了长廊的尽头，大家朝前看，那就是万寿山，再抬头向上看，那座坐落在半山腰的八角塔形的三层建筑?那就是佛香阁，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。

下面请大家随我一起去游览一下昆明湖吧!瞧，这昆明湖多美啊，它静得好像在一面大镜子，绿得像一块碧绿的圆盘，游船画舫在它面上滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。

时间如流水，快乐的时光就是短暂。今天就该和大家说再见了。下面的时间，请大家自己游览观光。提醒大家千万要注意安全，不要独自一人行走，要三五成群结伴而行，另外请不要随地乱扔垃圾，做一个文明游客，为我们的&ldqu;世界遗产&rdqu;增添光彩!祝大家玩得开心，玩得尽兴。再见!

这座在历史上为帝王建造的古典园林，现已成为中国最著名的旅游参观热点之一，每年接待游客数百万人。1986年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

各位游客，您们好!今天我要带大家去颐和园游玩，希望大家在颐和园留下一段美好的回忆。

现在我们已经来到了长廊。你们看，绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七、八百米长，分成二百三十七间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的花，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊两旁栽满了花木，这一种花还没谢，那一种花又开了。微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，使人神清气爽，你感觉到了吗?大家看，我们现在走到了长廊的尽头。我们面前就是万寿山。大家抬头向上看，那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。那就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

下面请大家随我一起去游览一下昆明湖吧!你们看，昆明湖多美呀!静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫在湖面慢慢地滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。

颐和园的景色说也说不尽。你们看那，还有湖心岛和十七孔桥，请各位游客细细观赏吧!

今天大家玩得开心吗?希望您们下次还能来。

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Nanchang, the hero city. Im Xiao Li. Now let meintroduce the general situation of Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province. Asthe political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the province, itis a city with a long history and glorious revolutionary tradition. It islocated in the north of central Jiangxi Province, the lower reaches of GanjiangRiver and Fuhe River, and the Poyang Lake Plain. The total area is about 7402square kilometers and the total population is about 4.62 million. The city hasfive districts including Donghu District, Xihu District, Qingyunpu District,Wanli District and Qingshanhu District, and four counties including Nanchang,Xinjian, Jinxian and Anyi. The name of Nanchang began in the Western HanDynasty, implying "Changda Nanjiang" and "prosperity of the South". Nanchang wasfounded in 2 BC___ In, Guan Ying, the famous founding General of the HanDynasty, was ordered to lead his troops to Nanchang, where Yuzhang county andNanchang County were officially established. The next year (before 201), a localcity was built in Nanchang, which was called "Guancheng". This is the beginningof Nanchang.

Nanchang city is located in the north and south traffic arteries of ourcountry. The existing water, land and air transportation network can lead to thewhole province and all parts of the country. The first plane, the first wheeledtractor, the first motorcycle and the first coastal defense missile of new Chinawere born here. In recent years, Nanchangs industrial economy has made greatprogress, initially forming five pillar industries, such as automobile, medicineand food, textile and clothing, electronic information and home appliances, newmaterials, and striving to become an important base of modern manufacturingindustry and regional economic center city. The agricultural economy and thetertiary industry also have a rapid development, business circulation is active,a prosperous scene.

Nanchang has many scenic spots and rich tourism resources. According toincomplete statistics, Nanchang has 104 tourism resources with development valueand development, including 26 natural landscapes and 28 cultural landscapes.Among them, Tengwang Pavilion, the first of the three famous buildings in thesouth of the Yangtze River, is the main representative of ancient culturaltourism, red tourism represented by the former site of Bayi Uprisingheadquarters, and green tourism represented by Meiling, Nanchang baohulu farm asthe main representative of the characteristics of leisure tourism.

Now let me briefly introduce Tengwang Pavilion, which is known as the firstfloor of Xijiang. Tengwang pavilion was built by Li Yuanying, the fourth son ofTang Gaozu Li Yuan. During the reign of Zhenguan, Li Yuanying was granted thetitle of King Teng, so it was named tengwangge. The reason why tengwangge isfamous in the world is that we have to mention Wang Bos preface to tengwangge.It is said that when the young Wang Bo was exploring for his family, he happenedto catch up with the banquet Party of Yan Boyu, the governor. He was so excitedthat he asked someone to take out his pen and ink and wrote down the preface toTengwang Pavilion on the spot. Please look here. The two lines are written onthe gate bar. The sunset and the lone duck fly together, and the autumn watergrows in the same color. These two sentences can be said to be the best of allages and have been handed down to this day.

Nanchang food is very special. Here we can taste some special dishes, suchas Chenhao fried bacon, Poyang Lake lion head, three cups of chicken, three cupsof dog meat, three cups of foot fish, Huangqin roast brine, Gan flavor milk dogmeat, fermented wax gourd circle, five yuan Longfeng soup, etc. We can alsotaste some folk snacks, such as Nanchang rice noodles, stone street Mahua,hometown Guoba, spicy hot and fried snacks.

各位游客朋友大家好!欢迎大家来到中国历史文化名城镇远!我是大家本次镇远之行的导游，我姓杨，大家叫我小杨或杨导都可以，初次见面啊我送各位游客三个缘(圆、原)字，第一个“缘”是缘分的“缘”，今天能够跟各位朋友相聚在这个小小的旅游车上真的是一种难得的缘分，所以呢我希望我们都能珍惜这份缘分，一起共度“镇远美好时光”。第二个“圆”是圆满的“圆”，希望咱们这个团队能够圆满的结束本次的旅途，大家带着圆圆满满的收获，以更好的精神迎接未来的生活和工作。第三个“原”呢是原谅的“原”，希望今天我有做的不到位的地方，各位游客能够多多包容，多多谅解。讲了那么多，大家发现没有，我们的车在这崎岖的贵州山路上开得很平稳吧?这就不得不提到我旁边的这位司机陈师傅了，他是地地道道的贵州人，他的祖辈就是做司机的，所以，开车啊也算是他家的“祖传绝活”啦，咱们今天有他载着，绝对的安全，放心。最后呢，还有一个重要的事情，也就是我们在旅行的过程中要注意安全，紧跟团队，保管好自己的重要财物。

说起古镇，大部分的人们总是想到的是凤凰、周庄、平遥。而我们今天旅行的目的地镇远则是一个被许多人们遗忘的不一样的古镇。它又被称为“东方威尼斯”，“苗疆古城”，“太极古镇”，自秦昭王设县至今，已经有两千多年的历史，地处湘黔两省的交界，位于怀化、铜仁、黔东南接壤交汇之地的特殊地理位置孕育了它独特的文化。它是一座充满少数民族气息的古镇，一条公式阳河呈S型从城中缓缓而过，将城一分为二，北岸是旧府城，是过去的行政中心，而南岸是旧卫城，是曾经屯兵守卫的地方，现在存在的县城，建于明代，若是各位游客站在城北的石屏山上俯瞰，这个时候的古城，就像是一幅太极图，让我们不得不感慨大自然的神奇造化对这个古镇的深深眷顾。

镇远有我们熟知的四张旅游名片。第一张我们把它叫做“中国历史文化名城”。在贵州，有两个国家级的历史文化名城，一个是遵义，另一个就是镇远了。镇远是在1986年被国务院命名为国家级历史文化名城的。在2280年前，也就是汉高祖时期就在这里设置了“无阳县”。从历史的角度追溯，也就能看出，镇远的历史是十分久远的。这第二张旅游名片我们把它叫做“国家级风景名胜区舞阳河。”舞阳河总面积约400公里，流经镇远境内93.7公里。舞阳河的美是校友名气的，它美就美在它的“自然”和“原始”。就像是一幅幅精美绝伦的水墨画出自于我们大自然的神奇之笔，让人感慨自然界的神奇。第三张是“国家级重点文物保护单位青龙洞”。青龙洞位于城东的中和山上，是一组凌空贴崖建筑。青龙洞古建筑群始建于明朝，距今已有600多年历史。它集佛教、道教、儒家学说三种文化于一体，不论是在建筑学方面还是在文化方面都具有很高的研究价值。第四张旅游名片则是“国家级重点文物保护单位和平村旧址”。和平村是抗日战争时期建立的国民政府军政部第二日军战俘收容所。当时这样的日军战俘收容所全国只有两个，一个在西安，一个就在镇远。但是现在只有镇远的和平村得以完整地保存下来，这使得这张旅游名片更加珍贵。在和平村，日本战俘受到了人性化的管理和教育，重新拾回对生活的信心和勇气。它虽然因为战争而建，却名为“和平”，就是有一个寓意，告诉后人人类需要一个和平的环境来生存和发展。

当然，除了这四张旅游品牌名片，来到镇远总能感觉到它的安逸、闲适、自然，走在街道上，我们会发现这里没有接踵的人流，时间缓缓流淌，街巷依旧那么安静，古巷城垣，石瓦青砖，以及那些散落在古镇各个角落的古建筑，无不在诉说昔日的文明与辉煌。到了夜晚，镇远迷人的夜景同样会让你沉醉，每每夜幕降临，沿河两岸的当地人家，都会点亮灯笼，灯光装饰的亭台楼阁，倒映在河水中，如诗如画，五光十色，有古镇的美丽，也有江南水乡的诗情画意，会让大家沉醉其间，流连忘返。

朋友们，独特的地理位置孕育了镇远独特的文化，相信我们今天的“镇远时光”一定能够让你感受到了它的与众不同，同时我也非常感谢大家对于我工作的支持、配合和理解。来到贵州，走过每一片土地，你都能发现其中的美丽和神秘，希望大家下次再来贵州，再一起去贵州的北线旅游区，去品美酒;再一起去西线旅游区，去赏瀑布，感受大自然对于贵州的厚爱和馈赠;再一起去南线旅游区，去探索神秘幽深的世界绿色喀斯特宝库。期待大家的到来，我在贵州等着你们!

Zhangjiajie is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of HunanProvince of the peoples Republic of China, formerly known as Dayong. It islocated in the northwest of Hunan Province, in the middle and upper reaches ofthe Lishui River, and belongs to the hinterland of Wuling mountains. Chinesemainland is one of the most important tourist city in China.

Friends: I believe you are not unfamiliar with Tianmen Mountain. The worldaerobatics Grand Prix held in November 1999 completed the feat of human flyingthrough natural karst caves for the first time, and the name of Tianmen Mountainsuddenly entered the worlds vision. How many people hope to have a glimpse ofTianmen Mountain. Today, you finally get what you want!

Tianmen Mountain is about 8 kilometers away from the south of ZhangjiajieCity. The top of the mountain is 1.93 kilometers wide from north to South and1.96 kilometers long from east to west. It covers an area of 2.2 squarekilometers and has an altitude of 1518.6. It is different from Wulingyuanssandstone peak forest landscape by its well-developed karst landform. It is aplatform shaped isolated mountain surrounded by cliffs.

Tianmen Mountain was called Songliang mountain in the Han Dynasty. In theThree Kingdoms period, a door was opened on the wall of the mountain. Sun Xiu,king of Wu, regarded it as an auspicious omen and renamed it Tianmen Mountain.Tianmen Mountain is a masterpiece of nature. In the long geological history, ithas experienced marine sedimentation rising to continental sedimentation,forming a high mountain, and suffered hundreds of millions of years of wind andrain erosion, especially the Triassic Yanshan movement. At the end of theCretaceous, the large-scale Himalayan orogeny further uplifted the TianmenMountain, which was cut into isolated mountains by two fault canyons, resultingin a great height difference between the high mountains and the valley, with aheight difference of more than 1300 meters within a few kilometers, thuscreating the majestic momentum of the isolated peaks of the TianmenMountain.

Tianmen Mountain is a mysterious carrier of historical culture and Buddhismculture, and a perfect combination of natural landscape and human landscape.

In order to speed up the process of tourism development in Zhangjiajie,Tianmen Mountain is in the process of large-scale development and construction.Some scenic spots have not been officially opened; the worlds longest ropewayand Tianmenshan temple are under construction.

(Tianmen cave) on the 1264 meter high cliff of Tianmen Mountain, there is anatural gate cave from north to south. It is 131.5 meters from the bottom to thetop, 37 meters wide and 30 meters deep. On the top edge of the north side of thecave, there is an inverted dragon head bamboo with roots like dragon head andleaves like phoenix tail, so it is also called Phoenix Tail Bamboo. On the eastside is a trench more than 200 meters high, with spring water flowing from aboveand falling plum blossom rain. It is said that anyone who can open his mouth toreceive 48 drops of plum blossom rain can become an immortal. At the entrance ofTianmen cave, you can often see rock swallows flying and mountain Eaglescircling. With the change of weather, Tianmen cave sometimes breathes clouds,sometimes it is clear like a mirror, which forms a cyclic and ever-changingmeteorological landscape.

So, how did Tianmen cave form? Geologist Mr. Qin gongjiong thought that itwas the result of "funnel" dissolution. He thinks that the terrain on the eastside of Tianmen cave inclines slightly to the west, while the terrain on thewest side inclines slightly to the East, and the core of syncline is facingTianmen cave road. The East and west walls are cut by two joints with a strikeof about 320 degrees, and a joint with a strike of 40 degrees intersects withthem at Tianmen cave. Two karst funnels at the top of the cave also play animportant role in the karst process. After the rain falls, the surface waterflows along the slope to the funnel, and part of the water flowing into the soilflows down the interlayer cracks of the stratum towards the core of thesyncline. The long-term continuous dissolution process makes the local collapse,and finally makes the two groups of caves merge into one, forming the Tianmencave.

However, some people disagree with this: the Tianmen cave was formedaccording to this principle. Why is the base of the cave a huge platform? Canthese rocks "collapse" out of the cave? Therefore, the formation of Tianmen caveis still an unsolved mystery.

(Tianmenshan Temple) Tianmenshan temple was first built in the TangDynasty. It was called Yunbo temple, Lingquan courtyard and Songliang hall inancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, due to improper site selection, it wasrepeatedly destroyed by wind and often suffered from water shortage, soTianmenshan temple was moved from the eastern peak. It used to be a place withtowering ancient trees and thick shade. The lintel of the ancient temple isengraved with the four characters "Tianmen Xianshan". The couplet on both sidesof the gate is: "there is no night in the sky, and there is no mountain on themountain. It is said that Li Zicheng wrote a book by Ye Fu. The entrance is theGreat Buddha Hall, behind which is the Guanyin hall, with six bungalows on bothsides. The last one is the ancestral hall, which is of great scale. Folk can besummarized as "three into the hall, six ear room, brick wall, iron pot, such asKuang". The original architecture of the temple is very particular, withcornices and angles, carved dragons and painted phoenixes, and statues ofBuddhas and Bodhisattvas. There is also a big drum, a big bell, a seven levelstone tower and a Dahua money stove. According to the inscriptions, Tianmenshantemple was repaired seven times during the 163 years from the Qianlong period ofthe Qing Dynasty to the fifth year of the Republic of China. At that time, therewas an endless stream of believers from more than ten counties along the borderof Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. Now Tianmenshan Tourism Co., Ltd. isrepairing Tianmenshan temple on a large scale, and the former prosperity willreappear.

(longtouyan) its called longtouyan. In the past, there were stone tapsthat could be turned on the collapse. Longtou rock faces a cliff. It is saidthat in the past, many pilgrims, in order to show their sincerity in praying forGod and worshiping Buddha, held the dragons head in their hands and made acircle around the cliff. As long as they were sincere, they would guarantee younothing. Later, the dragon head was lifted off the cliff. Now we can only seethe stone pit where the dragon head was placed. Longtou rock is the best viewingplatform for sunrise and sea. Li Jing, the magistrate of Yuezhou in the MingDynasty, wrote a poem praising Tianmen Mountain

The mountain reaches its peak, and the gate of heaven is within reach.

Looking up at Penglai under the red sun, looking forward to Lufu whiteclouds.

Cangya abrupt pine fir ancient, Qujing remote horse trace empty.

If you want to build the highest peak, flying must rely on the skywind.

(chisongfeng gold pool) this small pool is about 1.3 meters long, 0.6meters wide and only a few centimeters deep. No matter how dry it is, the waterwill not dry up all the year round. It is said that this is the gold pool ofchisongzi, the rain master of Shennong emperor in ancient times. Under thenorthern cliff, there is a peak like Danzao peak, which is called Danzao peak.At the top of the peak, there are clouds and mist, like the smoke rising fromthe stove. It is said that it is a stove used by red pine nuts for alchemy.There is a poem by predecessors: "in the past, there were immortal places. Therelics are left in Danzao, and they often come and go. " There are thunder caveand electricity cave under the peak of Danzao. It is said that in addition tousing the water from the golden pool, the red pine nut can reach a certaindegree of fire with the help of thunder and electricity.

There are a lot of strange things in Tianmen Mountain, but the truth is notclear. Among them, there are four ancient mysteries, which have been handed downfrom generation to generation, and no one has solved them. The first is themystery of Tianmen opening, the second is the mystery of Guiguzi developing, thethird is the mystery of turning the water on the top of the mountain, and thefourth is the mystery of wild Buddhas treasure. It is said that under the beechtree is the treasure house of the wild Buddha. In the chapter "Tianmen Mountain"in the local records of Yongding County written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty,it is said that "in the Ming Dynasty, the wild Buddha flew to this mountain fromJiashan temple. The wild Buddha was a bandit. After the incident, he cut off hishair and became a monk. He escaped from heaven. "

(ghost Valley cave) it is said that when Li Zicheng took Yefu up themountain, he took more than 100 people and horses and many gold and silvertreasures, hired nine wooden boats to sneak into Dayong secretly against the LiRiver, and went up Tianmen Mountain unconsciously. This time Yefu became a monk,he didnt really want to become a Buddha. Instead, he "sleeps" every day and"draws his sword to the altar" to "restore the Central Plains" and "wipe out thewhole world" one day. However, the situation took a sharp turn, the peasant armycollapsed, the Qing government was established, and Yefu finally died ofanxiety. It is said that before he died, he scattered all the treasures he hadbrought and hid them in several secret places in Tianmen Mountain. And poisonedall the migrant workers to death. For hundreds of years, I dont know how manybandits, pilgrims and mysterious monks of Tianmen Mountain have come to Tianmento worship. In fact, they have come back empty handed to peep at the terrain andsearch for treasure. Where the treasure is hidden is always a mystery.

Standing on the cliff 300 meters away, there is an inverted trapezoidalcave with trees at the entrance and waterfalls flying out of the cave. It issaid that Gui GuZi, a famous scholar in the Warring States period, once studiedthe book of changes in the cave wall, and devoted himself to practicing martialarts, creating the world-famous "ghost Valley magic skill". There is also asecret collection of Wulin, Tianmen 36 Tianchi, which is called Guigu cave bylater generations. Guiguzi was the founder of the Political Science in theWarring States period. His main work, maneuvering tactics, is known as awonderful book, which studies how to defeat each other by means of union ordivision in politics and diplomacy. Historians say that a history of the WarringStates period chaos is derived from Guigu cave, which shows that Guigu Zi isvery good. Luo Fuhai, a man of Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "ghost Valleycave": "peach blossom and flowing water go floating, smile into the clouds, andvisit the cave deeply. Hermit flow more buried surname Yu, vertical andhorizontal skills actually immortal. On the wall of the Dao script, sealcharacters are left, and lead is cremated in the furnace. I heard Jun playingmusic in my ears, and a waterfall fell to the top of ten thousand peaks. "Xixiping and guanliping at the foot of the mountain are famous places for hardQigong. Qigong master Zhao Jishu has visited European countries many times andwon honor for his motherland.

From the end of 1980s to the 1990s, Li Guangyu, a veteran of Chisongvillage at the southern foot of Tianmen Mountain, had been let down for sixtimes to investigate the cave. Once, when exploring the cave, he occasionallytook pictures of Guiguzis face studying the book of changes with his camera.This is a profile image with a five sense organ Gallery, which is clearlydistinguishable. It is similar to the picture of Guiguzi, which has been widelyspread so far. Whether the image of Guiguzi is so vivid is accidental orcoincidence, or Gods intentional arrangement, which has become a mystery ofTianmen Mountain.

(aerial garden) please note that there are many exposed stone buds andstone forests on both sides of the trail. They are high and low in differentshapes, like a line to welcome us. This is another remarkable feature of thekarst landform in Tianmen Mountain. There are many stone buds and stone forestson the top of the mountain, which are distributed in the middle of the denseforest, forming a unique and primitive air garden. They are like labyrinths oneby one, and they are also like the eight array pictures of Pushuos confusionand changes. Tourists travel through it with unlimited interest. Folk legend hasit that anyone who can successfully pass through these labyrinths will be ableto pass through the so-called forty-eight gates of all living beings. Myfriends, you may as well have a try now. I wish you a smooth life.

(Li Nas cabin) this seven shaped cabin is the house of Li Na, a famoussinger. In May 1997, Li Na finished singing a song "Qinghai Tibet Plateau", andsoon disappeared. The news media couldnt find her everywhere. It turned outthat she had come to Tianmen Mountain. After living for a few days, she wasattracted and shocked by the magical Tianmen Mountain, and soon made twodecisions: one is to officially move her registered permanent residence toYongding District of Zhangjiajie, where Tianmen Mountain is located; the otheris to build a house for herself on the top of Tianmen Mountain. On June 6, 1997,Li Na officially became a citizen of Yongding District. It was said that Li Nawas going to build a house in Tianmen Mountain. The people were very happy.Without saying a word, they lifted wood and bricks from the foot of the mountainto the top of the mountain, which was more than 1500 meters high. A month later,the house was built. In her "nest", Li Na made the third decision that shockedthe world: to become a monk! Before long, Li Na unconsciously studied Buddhismin Mt. Wutai, Shanxi, and changed her name to shichangsheng. Before she leftTianmen Mountain, Li Na sang "Ode to sister-in-law" for Aunt Hu, who had beenwaiting on her for nearly a month. Then she opened her voice and sang "TianmenMountain", a three and a half degree poem "tailored by her assistant" for her,in order to bid farewell to her second hometown.

Tianmen Mountain

Approaching you, for the eternal oath,

Approaching you, for that distant dream,

What makes my heart so peaceful,

I finally saw Tianmen Mountain

Friends, why did Li Na become a monk and settle down in Tianmen Mountain?Its not clear in a few words. Its up to you to decipher the mystery of Li Naslife.

It is said that the first time Guiguzi went to Tianmen Mountain was fromganziping to laodaowan, from the cliff to the top of the mountain, and then toguigudong. Under the cliff, there is still a chain.

(overlooking Tianmen) standing here, you can overlook Tianmen cave facingnorth and Tongtian Avenue being built by Tianmen Mountain company. It was herethat CCTV crew 6 filmed the amazing scene of the plane passing through theTianmen gate during the world flying race in November 1999. Its more than 200meters from Tianmen cave.

Tianmen Mountain, like Zhangjiajie, is a national forest park with richvegetation. About 500 mu of primary secondary forest is preserved at the top ofthe mountain. According to the investigation, there are 532 species of vascularplants in 134 families, 353 genera. 95% of them are broad-leaved forests. Therare tree species under state protection include Davidia involucrata, Xiangguo,Lianxiang, Acer palmatum, Acer Sanguinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Torreya grandis,silver Finch, etc. In this primary secondary forest, along this path, we willfind many rare tree species. This is Acer Sanguinalis. The cortex on the surfaceof the trunk is blood red. In autumn and winter, the bark on the surface of aslightly older tree splits in large pieces and adheres to the trunk. It is thinand looks like shaking scales. This is Carpinus. Carpinus is a new family ofvegetation species on earth. It was first discovered in Tianmen Mountain byProfessor Lin Yuanwang of South China Forestry University in 1998 and named"Dayong Carpinus" by the authority of the State Forestry Department. This is athousand year old tree called "Carpinus king", which needs to be embraced by twopeople. Carpinus Carpinus is hard and can be used as farm tools and furniture.It can extract rubber and extract oil from seeds.

(Davidia involucrate Bay) Davidia involucrate is known as the "livingfossil" of plants. It is an extremely precious tree species in the world. Thedistribution of Davidia involucrate communities is especially rare at the top ofhigh mountains with an altitude of more than 1500 meters. However, large-scaleDavidia involucrate communities have been found in Tianmen mountain and Badagongmountain. There are more than 100 Davidia involucrata trees in this area, so itis also called Davidia involucrata Bay. Davidia involucrata is like a dove. Whenit blooms in June, its branches are like doves with wings spreading to fly.There are also Gastrodia elata, Huanglian, Danggui, qiyeyizhihua and otherprecious medicinal plants in the forest. In 1984, the forest farm workers founda unicorn with only one horn on its head in this area. Its whole body is numbgray and the size of a calf. On the mountain, we also found two monkeys, about10-13cm long. Historical records: Mi monkey, also known as Haba monkey, is smalland can be hidden in the sleeve.

(Lingquan courtyard is the site of Yunbo nunnery) the Lingquan courtyard islocated on the back of Yunmeng Mountain, facing the southwest from thenortheast. The original building has two rooms and three rooms, facing the sunfrom the Lee. The environment is very beautiful. At the end of Tang Dynasty andFive Dynasties, Zhou Pu, a scholar, retired here. In 1975, under the ancienttrees in front of the site, a seven star bronze sword with inscriptions on thedragons head was excavated. The inscription is "emperor xuanzu of TianmenMountain". Together with four bronze Bodhisattvas, it was identified as acultural relic of the Tang Dynasty and a national first-class cultural relic.Emperor Xuan should be a Taoist. It is said that the Tianmen bronze sword wascollected by monk Danzi during the reign of Li Heng, Emperor suzong of TangDynasty. It is a treasure of Zhenshan. It is said that monk Danzi is the firstabbot of Tianmen Mountain Buddhist temple, which proves that there is aprecedent of integrating Buddhism and Taoism in Tianmen Mountain, and Puguangtemple in the city is a typical example of the confluence of Buddhism,Confucianism and Taoism.

(Yunmeng Summit) Yunmeng summit is surrounded by cliffs on the East, Westand north sides, with three natural viewing platforms on the edge. Looking downfrom here, you can see the housing streets in Zhangjiajie City and the gulliesand peaks on both sides of Xianren river. There are also three sister peaks ofchaotianguan in the northwest, and mountains in Yongshun, Cili and Yuanling inthe distance. It really has the feeling of "looking at the small mountains" and"Lishui is as thin as intestines". It will be a great pleasure to watch the seaof clouds here. The rolling clouds, like empty huge waves, are surging, givingpeople a heroic way to conquer mountains and a detachment from the world.

(Tomb of Zhoupu) Zhoupu was a scholar of the Late Jin Dynasty in the FiveDynasties. In order to avoid the war at that time, he lived in seclusion inLingquan courtyard of Tianmen Mountain for entertainment. At that time, thefather and son of Ma Yin and Ma Xifan, the kings of Chu, who ruled the Southseparately, admired his talent and learning, and invited Zhou Pu out of themountain many times, but he politely declined, and later died in TianmenMountain. His tomb is surrounded by a ring of natural stone teeth. In front ofit, there are three arched stone buildings. After the collapse, there is a tomb.Zhou Pu tomb is an important historic site on the mountain. Zhou Pu wrote inTianmen Mountain

各位朋友，现在我为大家介绍一下颐和园，颐和园是世界上现存规模最大的皇家园林。始建于金代，位于北京西北郊，距市区15公里，占地面积290公顷。景区主要由昆明湖和万寿山两大部分组成，其中水域面积占全园的3/4。整个园林分为三个功能不同的区域，即以仁寿殿为中心的政治区;以玉澜堂、宜芸馆及乐寿堂为中心的生活区;以长廊、昆明湖、苏州街等为主体的游览区。颐和园将全国的美景及著名建筑融为一体，集南北造园艺术之大成，达到虽为人做，苑如天成的艺术效果。

早在金代的时候，这处园林既不叫颐和园，也没有这么美，只是一处帝王游猎的天然园囿，当时的山叫金山，上面建有金山行宫，水域叫金海。元代改山为瓮山，水域为瓮山泊。明代时这一组山水被称为好山园，已经出现了十里青山行画里、双飞白鸟似江南的美景。清代是它的全盛时期，乾隆皇帝为了给其母庆贺六十大寿，不仅拓展湖面，又在山前、山后修建了不少建筑，特别是长廊的修建更是神来之笔。乾隆皇帝把昆明湖挖成寿桃形，寓意向其母献寿，又把瓮山改名为万寿山，并把此处园林称为清漪园。

凡事有兴必有衰，1860年，英法联军入京，将清漪园、圆明园在内的三山五园烧成一片焦土。1885年，慈禧太后挪用海军军费重修园林，并改名为颐和园，取颐养冲和之意。但好景不长，1900年八国联军又一次将颐和园付之一炬，慈禧太后于1903年再次重建，由于财力有限，只恢复了万寿山前的景观。解放后，人民政府多次对园林进行修缮、保护，颐和园又恢复了往日的风采。1998年联合国教科文组织将其列入了《世界文化遗产目录》，现在我们去参观一下仁寿殿。

各位，这是仁寿门，门口有两块太湖石，人称猪猴石，据说是孙悟空和猪八戒被派到这里来为皇家看家护院。走进人寿门，看到的并不是仁寿殿，迎面是一块高大的太湖石，它是起到一个障景的作用。这是我国古典园林中造景的方法之一，其目的是起到屏风的作用，避免院内景物一览无余，失去含蓄之感。刚才我们讲过了，颐和园是集南北园林之大成，故又是中国古典园林的典范之作，多次、多处成功地运用了各种造景方法，待会儿我再一一向各位介绍，请各位先随我来。

(仁寿殿院内东南角松树下)

刚才我们看到了门口的那块太湖石，现在请各位再看看院内四周，这里还有四块太湖石，为什么要在这里放些奇形怪状的所谓太湖石呢?首先我先告诉大家何为太湖石。说起太湖石，大家应该不陌生，在很多园林内都有，它们看起来奇形怪状，满身是洞，或堆成假山或装点景致，只是不太知道它们的名字罢了。其实，太湖石是产自于江苏无锡的太湖湖底，因其相貌奇特，有透、瘦、皱、漏之称，而且产量又少，故被皇家选为稀罕物运来放在园林内起装饰作用。有些太湖石天生酷似某些人物、动物或祥瑞之物，就更成了人们收藏、寄与某种美好象征的尤物。

还记得门口的那块太湖石吧，从背后看去，没什么奇特之处，但要从正面看上去，你便会拍手叫绝，因为这块太湖石就像是一个老寿星，面向仁寿殿，给慈禧太后祝呢，您看像不像?另外四块太湖石根据其形状，象征一年四季之春华、秋实、冬枯、夏荣，这四季石与老寿星被称为峰虚五老，象征长寿之意。

再看看院中的这只铜铸的怪兽，人称四不象，你看它鹿角、龙头、狮尾、牛蹄，别看它长相怪异，可是本领高强，能避火，又是一种仁义之兽，既是仁兽，故在仁寿殿前，真是找对了地方!您也许会问，刚才你说真是找对了地方，莫非这四不象原来不在此处?您说的不错，四不象原有一对，是乾隆年间铸造的，原来放在圆明园，1860年英法联军在火烧圆明园时，另一只被侵略军所毁，真是令人惋惜。

在大殿前还陈列着铜制的龙、凤、香炉、太平缸等。特别是龙凤的位置与其它地方的陈设位置不一样。在古代帝王的宫殿、园林内的龙凤等吉祥物，其陈列方式应该是龙在上，凤在下;龙在内，凤在外。在这里却成了凤在中央、龙陪两旁的格局，是哪个大胆之人所为?不是别人，就是在这座大殿内垂帘听政、发号施令的女主人慈禧皇太后，好象在向人们说：谁说女子不如男?

(在仁寿殿的中间靠左的位置)

这座大殿叫仁寿殿，是帝后们夏天到这里来避暑时，临时处理政事的地方，其功能相当于故宫的乾清宫，等级相当于故宫的太和殿。这一区域就是我们在前面所说的颐和园内三大区域之一的政治活动区。在清代的每一处园林内，都设有一座处理朝政的大殿，一般称为勤政殿，以示皇帝在休假娱乐时也不会疏于国事，以示勤政，其实，只不过是懒得跑回故宫处理朝政而已。清末，慈禧手握大清大权，在故宫养心殿及颐和园勤政殿垂帘听政。天下凡是大权在握的人，通常都不想死，都希望长生不老，故大权在握的慈禧太后便将勤政殿改为仁寿殿取自于《论语》中的仁者寿，即施仁政者能长寿的意思。

在大殿内的后壁上，悬挂着寿协仁符的大匾，殿内设九龙宝座，御案及众多装饰物。值的一提的有两处陈设。首先请各位看一看正对面的大水银镜，上面有不同字体的寿字，共226个，取寿字之多的意思。在镜子的左侧的一辐画卷上有一个很大的寿字，背景里有100只蝙蝠，取意百福捧寿。这100只蝙蝠与镜子上的226个寿字寓意为多福(蝙蝠)多寿(寿字)真可谓是用心良苦，那么慈禧太后到底是否长命百岁了呢?慈禧太后一直活到了73岁。有句古话叫人活七十古来稀，现在活到七十不足为怪，但在当时活七十多岁不能不说是位长寿之人。是不是那些福字呀寿字呀保佑了老佛爷呢?当然不是，这是与老佛爷的饮食起居有规律及日常保养是分不开的。人吃五谷杂粮，谁能没病?天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，谁能没灾?不过，慈禧太后不怕生病。她说有病有灾我能挺，因为我有延年井。据说呀，喝延年井的水便是老佛爷长寿的秘诀之一。那么大家想不想看一看延年井沾沾仙气?好!各位随我来，我们一起去参观延年井。(在延年井旁)

各位，这就是延年井，据说有一年慈禧中了暑，久治不愈。一天睡午觉时梦到了一口井，便派人来挖，果然挖出一口井。慈禧太后取水喝了一碗，暑气顿消，精神气爽，非常高兴，便封其为延年井。以后慈禧太后经常饮用此水，并用此水沏茶，称为延年井水沏杯茶，气得大夫满街爬。其实，这口延年井的井水为优质矿泉水，确实有利于人体健康。慈禧对这口井的感情胜过金银珠宝。1900年八国联军打进北京，慈禧太后从紫禁城跑到颐和园，金银珠宝丝毫未取，只是特意来喝了一碗延年井水，然后就背井离乡，带上光绪皇帝匆匆西行了

好了，讲完了政治活动区，现在我们要去帝后生活区参观一下，首先我们去看一看光绪皇帝在园中居住的地方玉澜堂，请大家跟我来。

(在仁寿殿后的假山旁)

走到这里，也许有些人已经不耐烦了，会问导游，您说过颐和园又大又美，3/4都是水，可我们进来以后确是什么门呀，石头呀，大殿，假山呀，水呢?为什么不带我们去看?大家别急，如果进门就是水，您是否会觉得太直截了当了，就会觉得不够深度。其实，这又是一种造园方法，叫抑景。所谓抑景就是先抑后扬，即当各位感到山穷水尽疑无路之际，便是最想看到柳暗花明又一村之时。这里看起来曲径通幽，其实，您再往前走几步，就可以体会到柳暗花明的感觉啦!不信，请各位走走看。各位!现在是否有一种湖光山色尽收眼底之喜悦感?俗话说，冰冻三尺非一日之寒，故精美园林非一日之建。咱们在前面已经讲过，早在金代，这里便是帝王们游猎的场所，当时的万寿山被称为金山，山上，建有金山行宫，供金代帝王游猎时临时过夜居住。山下的水域在当时称为金海湖。元代改金山为瓮山，据说是有一老瓮在山上挖出石瓮而闻名，山下的水域被称为瓮山泊。明代曾把这一组山水称为好山园，并在瓮山南坡建园静寺，改瓮山泊为西湖，当时的景色已经出现了西湖十景。特别是到了清代，盛世国君乾隆皇帝为了给他母亲庆祝60大寿，在此大兴土木，在瓮山的南坡增建了以排云门至佛香阁的中轴建筑群，把这组建筑做为生日礼物送给她的母亲，以示孝顺。乾隆皇帝还将瓮山改为万寿山，既然山改名了，水自然也要改名，叫什么呢?据说当年汉武帝曾在都城长安挖昆明池操练水军，于是乾隆皇帝效仿先贤，将万寿山下水域挖深，而且拓宽湖面，为日后训练水军之用。工程结束后将这片水域更名为昆明湖。现在请大家随我去知春亭，那里是观赏颐和园全景的最佳位置。我将为大家介绍一下昆明湖东岸的重要景观及建筑。

(在知春亭外)

这里是观赏颐和园全景的最好的地方，为何称之为知春亭呢?大家都知道春江水暖鸭先知的说法吧?但这里不养鸭，怎么才能知道春天的来临呢?我们的方法是望柳而知春。大家看，这里遍植桃柳，每当春天来临，此处是最先柳绿花红，向人们报春，故名知春亭。放眼望去，远处群山起伏，古塔耸立，现在我来问一问大家，远处的这座古塔是在颐和园园内呢，还在园外?远处的山叫玉泉山，盛产优质矿泉水，是专供紫禁城内的皇帝及后妃们饮用的。

远处的古塔叫玉泉山塔，看着在园内，其实是在园外的玉泉山，这种把别处的景色，借来一用的造园方法，称为借景。

再看看我们左前方的那个小的岛屿，它叫南湖岛它的南面有三个小岛凤凰墩、治镜阁和藻鉴堂，象征东海三仙山的蓬莱、方丈和瀛州，它与万寿山遥遥相对，这种造园方法叫对景。

连接南湖岛与东岸陆地的桥叫十七孔桥，是仿北京著名的卢沟桥而建，为何要在这里仿卢沟桥建一座十七孔桥呢?这得从乾隆皇帝说起。

乾隆皇帝虽为一代明君，但也是一位好大喜功的帝王。他在下江南的游历中对江南的景色及建筑都非常喜欢，因此产生一个念头，何不将天下美景尽绘长廊之内，将天下精美建筑集于颐和园当中，于是颐和园中便出现了黄鹤楼、岳阳楼、卢沟桥等景致。乾隆皇帝还想留住杭州和苏州的景色，于是，又仿杭州的苏堤在颐和园内建西堤，西堤上又建6座桥用以增色，而且还消除了由于西侧建筑少而产生的空旷感，起到了造园方法上添景的作用。

此外还有万寿山后建苏州街，整条街再现苏州水乡的美景，这样一来，足不出京，就可遍游江南秀色，虽然造景花点钱，但节省了一次次下江南的路费及辛苦。如此说来，还真是挺合算的!

在十七孔桥东侧有个八角亭，叫廓如亭，它可是我国现存最大的一座亭子，它与十七孔桥及南湖岛连接在一起，形似一只乌龟的头，颈和身躯，用乌龟形状象征长生不老之意。

廓如亭往北的河堤处伏着一只铜牛，与真牛大小相仿。为何在此设铜牛?有两种说法：一种说法是为了镇水，乾隆皇帝铸铜牛，还特意写了一篇《铜牛铭》，刻在了牛背上。另一种说法是在初建园林时，昆明湖西侧有一组田园风光的景致被称为织耕图，象征织女居住的地方，而东岸的铜牛郎隔天河---昆明湖与织女遥遥相望，够浪漫吧!

最后给大家介绍一下文昌阁，请看我们前方的这座关城式建筑，叫文昌阁，阁楼内供奉一尊文昌帝君的铜像。相传文昌帝君是专门主宰人间功名利禄的神，深受世人信奉，连皇帝也不例外。但是文昌帝君真要保佑某人当上皇帝，有了功名利禄，有了江山社稷，一定就会幸福吗?不一定!眼前就是一个例子。

各位看看那座小院，她叫玉澜堂(指向北侧)。那里曾经是光绪皇帝的监狱。身为皇帝，却失去了最基本的人身自由，够可怜的吧!为什么贵为天子的光绪皇帝会落到这步田地呢?咱们待会再讲。现在先请各位欣赏一下美丽的景色，照张像，我们5分钟后在玉澜堂门前集合。

各位，现在我们要参观的是颐和园中生活区的一组建筑，是清末慈禧游历颐和园时皇帝及皇后住的地方。前面的一组建筑叫玉澜堂，是当年光绪皇帝居住的地方;后一组建筑叫宜芸馆，供皇后居住。这是一组紧邻昆明湖的建筑，故以湖水似玉、波澜起伏为意境，将皇帝的居处取名为玉澜堂。

不知大家是否注意到这座大门前有两块大石头，左右而立?为什么在此设石?石头有没有来历和说道?当然有，不过这得先从光绪皇帝及戊戌变法讲起。1894年，中日甲午战争爆发，慈禧太后以不得罪支邦为由，实行不抵抗政策，导致清王朝在亚洲最大的北洋水师全军覆灭。甲午战争失败后，清政府割地赔款，中国面临列强的瓜分，这使国内的一些有识之士等非常激奋。以康有为、梁启超及谭嗣同为代的改良派上书给光绪皇帝提出变法，得到了年轻的光绪皇帝的支持。但以慈禧太后为代表的保守派人为祖宗之法不可变。于是在暗中阴谋策划废黜光绪皇帝，在最关键的时刻，由于两面派袁世凯的告密，使得戊戌变法宣告失败。光绪也皇帝从此失去了人身自由，相当于被判了无期徒刑，被囚禁在玉澜堂。

现在回头再说这两块石头，它们叫母子石，是慈禧太后让人从香山搬过来的，把它们放在这里是对光绪帝的责骂，好象在说：光绪呀!光绪!没有我你能当上皇帝吗?可现在你却要造我的反，你可真是没良心，你看看，连顽石尚有母子之情，你真是不如顽石呀!

光绪也暗暗骂道，老佛爷呀!老佛爷，你也太狠心了，你知道当一个傀儡皇帝的感觉吗?我身为皇帝上不能治国，下不能安民，国家将亡，我受万民唾弃，屎盆子扣到我头上，你却站在那享福，还把我关起来，真是心比石头还硬呀!好了，现在我们到园内参观一下。

(在玉澜堂大院内)

玉澜堂为这个院落的正殿，两侧有配殿，东为霞芬室，西为藕香榭。玉澜堂的后面是通向宜芸馆的穿堂门。各位如果到两侧配殿门口，您会惊奇地发现，哎呀!怎么开门后不是屋子而是一堵墙呢?其实不但是两侧配殿，既使是通向宜芸馆后门也被封死，这就是当年光绪皇帝被囚禁的地方。光绪皇帝虽不用戴手铐、脚镣，但每日如座井观天，好不凄惨!就这样，自戊戌变法失败后，光绪皇帝当了十年的囚徒皇帝，于1908年含恨而死。要说慈禧太后与光绪真是一对冤家，在光绪皇帝死的第二天，老佛爷也驾鹤西行了，据说是老佛爷不放心，怕光绪在阴间造她的反，故紧跟光绪而去。

玉澜堂内的陈设均按当年原状展出，正殿中有皇帝宝座，御案，掌扇及龙床等，请各位参观5分钟，我们在后院集合。

(在宜芸馆门前)

各位，宜芸馆是皇后在颐和园居住的地方，宜芸为藏书之意，乾隆皇帝曾在这里读书。现在门内的廊壁上镶嵌有10块乾隆皇帝临摹的书法真迹，殿内物品也都是按当年隆裕皇后在此居住时的原状陈列的。请各位在此参观5分钟，我们的下一站便是慈禧老佛爷在颐和园中的住处乐寿堂。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了颐和园的主人慈禧太后的住处乐寿堂。乐寿堂二字取自《论语》知者乐、仁者寿之意，就是说有学问的人很快乐，讲仁义的人能长寿，之所以取乐寿二字，是慈禧希望自己能够快乐长寿。

乐寿堂内的陈设保持原状，正厅是慈禧日常起居活动之地，堂内有宝座、御案、掌扇等，除此之外还有青花大瓷盘，瓷盘是装水果用的，但不是为吃，而是专为闻香味而设，堂内的东外间是茶点室，东内间是更衣室，西外间是处理日常政事的地方，西内间是卧室。

乐寿堂外门口两侧设有梅花鹿、鹤、花瓶各一对，有人会问，此处为何不摆龙、凤、狮子等，却放些鹿呀、鹤呀什么的，是何道理?其实这几件陈设物品加起来是一句吉祥语，梅花鹿的鹿与大写的六(陆)同音，取其六字，鹤与合家欢乐的合字读音接近，花瓶的瓶与太平的平同音，故这鹿、鹤和花瓶取六合太平之意。

院中还种有玉兰树、海棠树，原来还有牡丹，取玉兰花的玉，海棠花的棠与乐寿堂的堂同音，再取牡丹的富贵之意，即为玉堂富贵。再说，慈禧的小名儿叫兰儿，所以种玉兰花就更理所当然啦!

在乐寿堂的正前方，有一块巨石，人称房山石，还记得太湖石吗?南方的太湖石是以透漏皱瘦者为贵，而房山石是以有孔不透也不漏、有形不皱也不瘦者为佳。这块巨石有孔、有形，似灵芝，名为青芝岫。青为青色，芝为灵芝，岫为孔洞之意，即为一块青色、有孔、有洞的大灵芝石。但是呀，它也有一个不吉利的名字叫败家石，这又是怎么回事呢?这话得从明朝说起了。

明朝有一位喜欢搜集怪石的官员，叫米万钟，您听这名字，要是用大钟来装米，能装一万钟，够富的吧!因为这块石头却败了家。据说有一天，米万钟在房山发现了这块巨石，非常喜欢，于是动用大批人力来搬运这块石头。隆冬时每隔数十米便挖一个水井，在路上泼水冻冰再用人马拖运，开销很大。还没走到北京就家财耗尽，只好弃之路边。故人称败家石。转眼到了清朝，乾隆在去西陵祭祖的时候发现了这块巨石，当时乾隆正在为其母亲庆六十大寿而采办释罕物，于是想把这块石头运回北京。运到这里后，却发现进园的门太小，没办法，只能破门而入。乾隆的母亲知道后很生气，说：此石既败米家，又破我门，真是败家石败家石乾隆皇帝一时无话可说，只能听着数落，还是机智的刘罗锅眼睛一亮说：太后息怒，皇上将此石运来是看它形状象元宝，又似灵芝，您看，像不像呀!如果是元宝、灵芝破门而入，那可真是可喜可贺之事呀!这是财源滚滚破门入，灵芝仙草延寿年的吉兆，这是说太后您多福多寿呀!太后仔细看了看这块石头，哎!确是有些象元宝、灵芝，于是息了怒，转忧为喜。乾隆见状，顺坡下驴，立即在石头上题青芝岫三个字，还乘兴题了一首《青芝岫》诗，至今隐约可辨。

说来也巧，自从这败家石进了园子，大清朝便从乾隆盛世开始衰败，最终真的败了大清王朝。

前面我们讲了，慈禧是一个爱奢侈的人，就拿吃饭来说吧，颐和园内共有八个大院是专门为慈禧太后做饭的厨房，被称为寿膳房，每天有120人为她的三餐忙和。慈禧太后每天二顿正餐，二顿小吃，在乐寿堂的正厅用餐，在用膳时，一般摆三桌，一桌供吃，一桌供看，一桌供装饰。慈禧太后每顿正餐需主食60种，茶点30种，各色佳肴128种，一天的餐费为白银60两，当时可买一万斤大米，可供四口之家生活一年有余，真是帝后一席饭，百姓数年粮。虽然如此，但是慈禧太后有一点很值得我们学习，她每天准点用餐，而且从不多吃，更主要地是她吃完饭后总要活动活动，她坚信饭后百步走，能活九十九，这恐怕也是她长寿的秘决之一吧!那么慈禧太后到哪里去百步走呢?当然是去长廊了!好，各位，现在我们就到长廊里看一看，走一走

位，现在我们来到了长廊景区，长廊是世界上最长的画廊兼游廊，建成于公元1750年，位于昆明湖和万寿山之间，不仅连接了山水，而且为全园增添了神趣，可谓是巧夺天工之作。长廊东起邀月门，西至石丈亭，长廊全长728米，分为273间，中间点缀着象征四亭的留佳、寄澜、秋水和清遥四个亭子。站在万寿山上看长廊，它象一只展翅飞入昆明湖的大蝙蝠，昆明湖又象征着东海，这蝙蝠飞入东海的设计便是福如东海的象征啦!很巧妙吧!

前面讲了，乾隆皇帝下江南时，对江南的山水风光非常留恋，于是派画师们到江南去写生，回来后，将画稿上的山水景色画在长廊之上，同时又将中国古典文学中的人物、故事等也汇聚于长廊之上，于是形成了一条世界著名的集山水风光及人文逸事为一体的艺术长廊。长廊上共有各式图画一万三千多幅，于1900年被评为全球画廊之冠，列入吉尼斯世界大全。如果您置身廊内，漫步其间，便会由然产生一种人在廊中走，神在画中游的感觉。好，下面请各位游长廊，祝各位好心情!

(在排云门前)

怎么样?各位，有些累了吧!不过这长廊尚未走完，同志仍需努力呀!其实我们刚刚走了长廊的一半，这里便是长廊左右两部分的分界线。从排云门前的排楼往上的建筑分别是排云门、排云殿、佛香阁和智慧海，是万寿山前的一组中轴建筑，由于我们不到里面去参观，所以我给在家讲一讲里面的主要建筑。

首先为大家介绍一下排云殿，它名称的来历是出自晋代郭璞的游仙诗中神仙排云出，但见金银台的词句，可见此处非凡人所居之处，那么这座建筑是做什么用的呢?明代这里曾建有一座古刹，名为圆静寺，后来被毁，清朝乾隆皇帝为了给母亲祝寿，在圆静寺的基址上，建了一座大报恩延寿寺，后来被侵略军所毁。现在各位看到的排云殿是清光绪年间，即公元1887年修建的，它是专为慈禧太后举行寿庆活动的场所，慈禧太后把自己比成排云而出的神仙，希望自己能够长生不老。

在排云殿之上，是全园的中心建筑佛香阁，是为慈禧太后烧香拜佛而设，佛香两个字来源于佛教对佛的歌颂。

再往上，在万寿山之巅为全园的最高建筑智慧海，从这组建筑的名称即可断定，这是一组宗教建筑，智慧海的意思是歌颂佛的智慧浩翰如海。这组建筑虽遭联军破坏，但没有被烧毁，为什么呢?因为它是由琉璃砖及石料建成的，又因用石料发券而成，不设大梁承重，故称无梁殿，为北京三大无梁殿之一。

现在回过头来再说说排云门，大门两旁除了青铜狮外，还有十二块太湖石，又叫排衙石，象是两排衙役守卫在门前，其实它们还有一个名字叫十二生肖石。大家有兴趣可以找找看，哪一块是自己的生肖石，不过艺术本身就是夸张的，妙在似与不似之间，即三分像、七分想，越看越象。大家可别个持已见而吵得面红耳赤哟!好，我们在此休息十分钟，大家可以照照相，十分钟后在这里集合。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了长廊的西端，石丈亭。在我们眼前的湖水中有一条大石船，它的名字叫石舫。石舫又叫清晏舫，取河清海晏之意。它全长36米，是我国现存最大的古代石舫。船体上原来建有单层中式舱楼，后被侵略军烧毁，1893年重建后在船体上建双层西式舱楼，成为今天的这个式样。在上下两层舱楼内各有一块大水银镜，据说每逢细雨绵绵之季，慈禧太后常在舫上品茶、赏雨景。您也许会问，这喝茶看雨景跟镜子有什么关系呀?是这么回事儿，人家慈禧太后不是直截了当看雨景，那多俗呀!人家看的是镜子里的雨景，讲究的是半梦半醒之间的朦胧之美。那么这个大石舫有什么寓意呢?大家都听说过水可载舟、亦可覆舟的古语吧!这是统治者所不愿看到的，于是建了这么一个大石舫，任凭风吹浪打永不会被顷覆，取江山永固之意。

人家都说乾隆皇帝聪明，我看这便是他的一个败笔，大家都知道，水涨船高的道理吧!您想，如果造条大木船，如果遇到水涨、巨浪什么的，水涨船高，可能还会保住性命。但造条石船，如果遇到水涨，船就不会升高。最终，这条象征统治阶级的大船被孙中山先领导的辛亥革命的洪流所淹没了

好了!颐和园内重点景物的介绍到此结束，现在请各位在大石舫前留个影，谢谢大家一路的配合!

凡事有兴必有衰，1860年，英法联军入京，将清漪园、圆明园在内的三山五园烧成一片焦土。1885年，慈禧太后挪用海军军费重修园林，并改名为颐和园，取颐养冲和之意。但好景不长，1900年八国联军又一次将颐和园付之一炬，慈禧太后于1903年再次重建，由于财力有限，只恢复了万寿山前的景观。解放后，人民政府多次对园林进行修缮、保护，颐和园又恢复了往日的风采。1998年联合国教科文组织将其列入了《世界文化遗产目录》，现在我们去参观一下仁寿殿。

大家好!欢迎来到西安秦兵马俑俑坑。我是您们此次旅行的导游，我叫李永年。

大家在参观时，请不要向俑坑里拋物，也不要翻越栏杆，谢谢!

秦兵马俑于我国西安临潼岀土，是享誉世界的珍贵历史文物。兵马俑规模很宏大。已发掘了三个俑坑，一号坑最大，二号、三号分别在它的东北面和西北面。现在，我们来到了一号俑坑，一号俑坑东西长230米，南北宽62米，总面积有14260平方米，兵马俑最多，有六千多个。兵马俑类型众多，有身材魁梧的将军俑，有体格健壮的武士俑，有上身着短甲，下身着紧身裤的骑兵俑，还有肌肉丰满的陶马。这些兵马俑组成了一个巨大的长方形军阵，可真像秦始皇当年统率的一支所向披靡的大军呀!

各位游客，参观完了一号俑，让我们来到二号俑坑。二号俑坑东西长96米，南北宽84米，兵种更为齐全，鞍马俑、跪射俑首次发现。四周长廊里有60个弩兵俑，阵心由八路面东的160个蹲跪式弩兵俑组成。俑坑右侧，由64乘战车组成，每排8乘，有8列。车前有陶马4匹，每车后有一名御手俑和两名车兵俑，手持长柄武器。这些兵马俑体现了我国古代是多么强大啊!

各位游客，因时间关系，大家请先回去休息，我们明天三号坑见!

在祖国的西北部，有一个被蓝宝石般河水簇拥着的美丽城市--乌鲁木齐。它就像一颗璀璨的明珠，静静的躺在西北边陲。

乌鲁木齐是美丽的，是繁华的，更是多姿多彩的。总之，乌鲁木齐是充满魅力的。现在，让我来带你们去看一看乌鲁木齐吧!

首先，映入眼帘的是红山。红山做为乌鲁木齐的标志性景点，它满山的绿树实在令人心旷神怡。但你们知道吗，在许多年前，红山曾是一座布满红色岩石的荒山，而经过几代人的辛勤努力，一肩一肩挑土，一棵一棵种树，终于把昔日的荒山变成了如今绿树成阴的红山。一走进红山的大门，你就可以看见一座雕塑，那就是为了纪念辛苦付出的劳动人民而修建的!

接下来，我带你们去看看乌鲁木齐最高的建筑--中天广场吧!中天广场是集写字楼、商住、休闲娱乐为一体的高端建筑。远远望去，它就像擎天柱一样矗立在城市中央，仿佛一个巨人，支撑这天空。中天广场地处乌鲁木齐市最繁华的小西门地段，那里人流攒动，车辆川流不息，成为乌鲁木齐的一道亮点。

转眼间到了晚上，那就带大家去欣赏乌鲁木齐的夜景吧!夜晚的乌鲁木齐光彩夺目，五彩斑斓，像一个童话世界。五颜六色的霓虹灯闪烁出五颜六色的光茫，让乌鲁木齐成了一个不夜城。

乌鲁木齐，就像一颗光彩夺目的明珠，闪耀在祖国的边疆。

女士们、先生们，大家好：

我是你们的导游，我名叫李陶然，你们可以叫我李导，也可以叫我小李。今天我带大家去举世闻名的湖光岩游玩。

到了门口，你们可以看见一只大龟和一条鱼龙。它们似乎在欢迎你们呢!那只大龟，目视远方，非常神气。那条鱼龙身上全部都披上了金黄的鱼鳞，十分威武。

我们面前有一座“山”，远看像山，走进一看，根本不是山，而是一栋楼。再仔细一看，“山”顶用金漆写着“地震馆”三个烫金大字。你们走进去一看，会发现里面有大贝壳、火山岩等等关于火山的物品或书本。地震馆还有真的“地震”。你如果进入地震馆，工作人员就会让你体验一下地震。怎么样?有意思吧!如果你来了，一定会喜欢。

走进去就到了人间天堂玛珥湖。玛珥湖非常神奇，如果你把一片叶子丢进湖中，叶子就会消失在水面上，不留一点儿痕迹。玛珥湖原是一个火山口，喷发后就形成了一个大坑，下雨的时候雨水落入大坑中，就形成了玛珥湖。有人说湖底有一个大漩涡，吓得有些游客都不敢坐船了。玛珥湖里只有小鱼、小虾，没有青蛙、蚂蝗等。因为湖光岩既美丽又神奇，才能吸引更多的游客来参观。

你们现在可是细细欣赏，两个小时后集合，我请大家吃肯德基。

列位宾客各人好。

接待列位尊贵的客人来到八仙山旅游参观。我是导游员某某，很兴奋能与各人配合度过在八仙山这段名贵而可贵的年华。能为各人作导游处事，是我们的缘分。

下面，我向列位伴侣(贵客、率领)，先容一下八仙山景区的轮廓：

整理

(八仙山风光区位于天津市蓟县东北部，燕山山脉南侧，翠屏湖北岸，万里长城横亘景区南部，周围与天下文化遗产清东陵、中上元古界国度级天然掩护区、九龙山国度丛林公园邻接。总面积53。6平方公里，包罗神女峡、玉龙潭、黑水河南山、仙姑泉、松林浴场、明安梁子、旗松台、聚仙峰、八仙桌子、庙台沟、石洞沟、平静沟、黄乜子、梨木台景区等——大括号内的内容是原文稿删除的)

八仙山之名来历于古代传说。相传汉钟离、张果老、吕洞宾、铁拐李、韩国舅、蓝采和、何仙姑等八位仙人，乘云驾雾颠末此山上空时，发明白这里群峰竞秀，飞瀑高悬;峡谷艰深，流水潺潺;古木参天，林海渺茫;云雾缭绕，莺啼燕语，众八仙异口同声传颂道：“真乃仙人之宅也”，便降下祥云在此山中一块方形巨石上小憩，后人便称这块方形巨石为“八仙桌子”，这座山也就被称为“八仙山”。

“山不在高有仙则名，水不在深有龙则灵”。八仙山不只有瑰丽的神话传说，更重要的是这里有美妙的天然情形，富厚的野活跃植物资源，是国度级天然掩护区，国度地质公园，世界科普教诲基地、生态旅游胜地。

从旅游参观来看，八仙山景区有供各人抚玩的八奇：

一是奇石，八仙山景区内有光怪陆离的石。论范例，有沉积岩、火成岩、变质岩;论年数，有36亿年的片麻岩，18亿年的石英岩;论漫衍，有石海、石河、飞来石;论形态，有金龟石、金狮石、金猴石、金雕石、鳄鱼石、田鸡石、鸽子石、将军石、神女石、童子石;论颜色，红黄蓝白黑紫绿等各色石包罗万象;论代价，有科学代价极高的远古界变质岩、元古界的沉积岩，有经济代价很大的含金、银铜铅锌矿的脉石英，有陶瓷家产用的最抱负的紫陶页岩等，八仙山真可谓一个“自然奇石博物馆”。

二是奇峰，八仙山景区有峥嵘竞秀的山峰，八仙山是天津阵势最高、群峰搜集的地域，900米以上的山峰有19座，个中闻名的有天津市最岑岭聚仙峰(1052米)、钟鼓峰(995米)、元宝峰(978米)、骆驼峰(960米)，些山峰高耸入云，接连天涯，夏秋季候山峰常常是云遮雾罩，难见庐山真脸孔，出格风趣的是这些山峰跟着季候的更替，而调动颜色，春季山花壮丽，夏日翠绿欲滴，秋季红叶满山，冬季银装素裹，一季一景，额外妖娆。

三是水奇，八仙山多年均匀降水量达968。5毫米，是华北地域的多雨中心，内地有一年“七十二场浇陵雨”之说。降水多给八仙山带来了朝气和灵气，夏秋季来八仙山观水嬉水是一大享受，山崖上瀑布高悬，如彩练当空舞，闻名的瀑布有石洞沟红龙瀑布、神水峡玉龙瀑布、庙台沟黑龙瀑布、黑龙潭瀑布、鳄鱼潭瀑布、文燕沟路线瀑布等;山脚下泉流涌出，叮咚作响，四处可见，闻名的八仙泉，仙姑泉、松花泉、冷水泉等，河谷里急流奔驰，水声隆隆。冬春季候到八仙山石洞沟、庙台沟、文燕沟还可以看到有数的冰瀑布、冰河异景，出格是春季山桃花、杜鹃花与冰瀑布为伴的景观，更令人称绝。

四是林奇，八仙山景区丛林茂密，包围率90%以上，不少地域为100%，是华北少见的林海渺茫、绿涛升沉的景观。(这儿的丛林发源于距今7000万年的新生代第三纪，清朝宣统早年一向是古木参天、苍松翠柏、郁郁葱葱的原始丛林，被列为清东陵的风水禁地，有部队保卫，任何人禁绝进山樵采，柯栖息繁衍着多种野生动物，老虎、豹子、狗熊、狍子等大形动物时常出没。宣统二年的1911年，开禁往后，原始丛林遭到粉碎，此刻的自然林是原始丛林破费的处所天然萌生的原始次生林;但仍保存着原始丛林生态的体系的特征，是地球上北半球暖温带落叶阔叶林地带性植被范例的典范代表，具有重要的科学代价和抚玩代价。八仙山的丛林还具有区系因素多，丛林范例多，树森种类多的特点，既有华北本土因素的油松、侧柏、槲栎、栓皮栎、无宝槭即五角枫，杨柳榆白蜡，东北区万分的蒙古栎、糠椴、核桃楸、锦带花、也有南边热带区系的黄檗即黄柏，栾树、盐肤木、吴茱萸、鹅耳枥、黑枣、香椿、臭椿、苦木等，尚有八仙山特有的东陵八仙花、蚂蚱腿子)八仙山的自然林与人工林差异，它是由高峻的乔木，矮乔木、灌木、草类、地衣苔藓等多种因素构成，呈多层布局，并有多种高峻木质藤本植物及草类藤本植物穿插、攀登其间，形成完备、典范的丛林生态，是我国北方有数的自然植物园，旅客赞誉八仙山是天津的西双版纳。

大家好，欢迎来到我国的世界遗产——颐和园，我很高兴能成为你们的导游。

一提到北京那里的世界遗产，大家应该都会想到颐和园吧，你们应该也都知道那里吧，这里的颐和园到处都是美景，比如说：长廊、万寿山、昆明湖等等。

长廊那是一眼望不到头，这长廊长700多米，分成 了273间，每一件都有五彩的画，画着：人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有那两幅是相同的。

万寿山的半山腰有闪闪发光的佛香阁还有金碧辉煌的排云殿，如过登上了万寿山，站在佛香阁的前面往下望，你就会看到颐和园大半的景色。

昆明湖有个能通往小岛的桥，那个桥有十七个桥，叫十七孔桥，这桥栏的杆上有上百个石柱，柱子上都刻着小狮子，这么多的狮子，一个个都姿态不一，没有哪两个是相同的。

好了，我已经讲完了，你们可以仔细看看那里的，请不要扔垃圾，踩草坪。

Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, has jurisdiction over fourcounties, five districts, one new district and two national development zones,with a total area of 7402 square kilometers and a total population of 4.49million, of which the urban population is 1.96 million. It is one of the 35 megacities in China. With a long history of more than 2200 years, Nanchang has beenendowed with "natural treasures and outstanding people"; its red homeland, greenhome, ancient customs, special charm and golden fields have made Nanchang "amagnificent city with beautiful scenery". Today, we are stepping into an era ofeconomic globalization full of hope, competition, vitality and challenges.Nanchang is showing its unique potential and attractive advantages.

The name of Nanchang began in the Western Han Dynasty, 220 BC___ Liu Bang,Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, sent yinghou Guanying and his troops toNanchang, built Nanchang City and named it Nanchang, which means "prosperity ofthe South". Tang and Song dynasties were the West Road in the south of theYangtze River and the administrative center of Hongqian. They were the famouscities in the southeast, so they were also called "Hongdu".

The tourist areas of Nanchang include the urban area and the nearbyMeiling, Jingan SANZHAOLUN, Zhangshu and other places. The scenic spots andhistoric sites blend in the beautiful natural scenery, and the beautifullandscape sets off the unique style of the ancient city of Nanchang.

In todays economic globalization trend of large-scale industrial transfer,resource restructuring and development alliance, Nanchang has ushered in a newround of development opportunities. Under the correct leadership of Jiangxiprovincial Party committee and government, and with the active participation ofinvestors and entrepreneurs at home and abroad, the hero city is undergoingrapid and profound changes. Nanchangs investment environment is improving dayby day, its economic development is accelerating, and its market prosperity isrising continuously, especially the entrepreneur confidence index and enterpriseprosperity index are both stronger, which fully shows the huge development spaceand investment opportunities contained in Nanchang.

Nanchang city is now very prosperous. Bayi Square in the center of the cityis green and can accommodate 100000 people. The August 1 Nanchang UprisingMemorial Tower standing at the southern end of the square has become a monumentof Nanchangs revolutionary history. After the reform and opening up, Nanchangstourism has developed rapidly. Many cultural relics and historic sites have beenrestored. There are 26 natural landscapes and 78 cultural landscapes. There arefamous world cultural heritage Lushan scenic spot, Poyang Lake migratory birdreserve, Longhushan national scenic spot, Jinggangshan National Scenic Spot andSanqingshan National Scenic Spot near Nanchang. It has formed a tourism andsightseeing system with Nanchang as the center, along the Beijing KowloonRailway scenic belt as the focus and radiating Jiangxi Province.

Nanchang is also a heroic city with glorious revolutionary tradition. TheAugust 1 Nanchang Uprising is world-famous. The Chinese peoples Liberation Armywas born here, so Nanchang is also known as "hero city".

After the reform and opening up, Nanchangs tourism industry has developedrapidly, and many cultural relics and historic sites have been renovated.Nanchang has become a hot tourist city attracting worldwide attention.

云居寺位于北京市房山县西南山区山峦起伏的一块小盆地里，距北京约75公里，背后以朱山为依托，对面以石经山为屏障，坐落在逐鹿山中。云居寺以佛舍利和石经而闻名于世，是京郊具有金石、书法、美术、民族史、佛教史等重大文化意义的古迹，在北京以至全国诸多古寺名刹和佛教界占有重要地位。1992年该寺被评为“北京十大人文旅游累点”之一。房山县西北部山岳地带，自隋唐以来就是佛教胜地，如上方山兜率寺、六聘山天关寺、云蒙山龙泉寺以及九洞十二峰和以兜率寺为中心的七十二庵等很多佛教遗迹文物，而石径山云居寺则是其中最有名的，向有“北京敦煌”之誉。

云居寺创建於隋唐时代，历代屡有重修扩建，成为华北地区著名寺院之一。寺院部分抗日战争时期毁於日军炮火，现仅存遗址。寺东北1.5公里处石径山上有藏径洞九座，洞内保存了自隋至明代刻制的石经板，连同寺院南端藏经穴中辽、金经板共143l2块，镌字数千万。除去重复刻造者外，计刻经112O馀部，刻工精湛，为中国佛教文化珍品之一。它是世界上最早、最全、保存最好的石刻大藏经，在中国佛教史上值得大书特书。刻制云居石径的规模，远超过北齐的音堂山摩崖石经和泰山经石峪刻经。

云居寺名称最早见於唐总章二年(669年)年石刻上，隋唐时代已具相当规模。在唐代分上寺及下寺 上寺在石经山上，寺址已无考，下寺即今遗址。辽、金时代云居寺因刻造石经知名，故有“石经寺”之称。明代因在石经山东麓建东峪寺，而云居寺居山之西，故亦称“西峪寺” 清初又改称“西域云居禅林”，仍然保留着云居之名。云居寺历代屡有修葺，最后的修缮年代是清康熙三十七年(l698年)。被毁前的寺院规模宏大，寺院中路有院落五层，殿宇六进。寺依山而建，每层院落逐步升高，各层正殿之旁又有配殿，中路北侧有僧寮客舍，南北二塔分居左右，山门前引泉水流过，清泉垂柳，山雾缭绕，自然环境颇为幽美，确实是一处修行佳处。“七七事变”后寺院被日军炮火毁为一片废墟，南塔也於此时被毁。在云居寺遗址范圉内，北部及四隅的十座小石塔是劫后仅存遗物。所幸摄有云居寺被毁前照片，中日邦交恢复后，日方将当时照片送归。佛教自公元2年伊存授经东传中国后，译着经卷便是众多僧人信徒“经久不息"的一项事业。但是纸张、绢绸、木板经卷，不仅易受风、火、水、虫的破坏，也易受人为的损毁，历史上两次“法难"期间，大量的手写佛经化为灰烬，战争兵火也给佛教寺院、佛像经籍带来毁灭性灾难。造样就促使僧徒想方设法让佛法传承久远。鉴於山东泰山、河北鼓山等处的摩崖刻经得以保存，幽州僧人静琬认为经刻石上，可以地久天长，於是继承其师慧思遗志，选择了盛产汉白玉、艾叶青石，又远离幽州城的房山，开始了刻经於石、秘藏於室的艰巨工捏。静琬先是创建了石经山藏经洞和云居寺，他发愿造十二部石经。这一行动得到当时社会各方面的支待。从隋大叶中到唐初，静琬30年刻经不辍，每刻完一批石经就凿洞封存起来。贞观十三年(639年)静琬入寂 他的第子玄导、僧仪、惠暹、玄法四代相续主持刻经，并得到金信公主奏赐经本四千多部作为底本，先后刻经百馀部，分藏於各藏经洞中。自隋至明，共开凿藏经洞九个 藏石经版4559块;辽金时又在寺南侧挖穴，埋藏经版1O611块。辽天庆七年(1120xx年)在穴旁筑塔，即“云居寺南塔”也称“压经塔”。

静琬最初所刻石经146块，一部分镶嵌于第五洞的四壁上。第五洞名“雷音洞”是九洞之中最大的一个，也是唯一一座开放式藏经洞，洞前有门可以进出，长宽各约十米，中有四根八角形石柱支撑洞顶，石柱各面均雕有小佛像共1O54尊，故称“千佛柱"。其馀各洞都是封闭式，里面叠藏石经板，洞门封锢，人不能出人。

房山石经是我国的石经宝库，也是世界的宝贵文化遗产。它对於研究我国古代文化、历史、艺术以及佛教历史和典籍都有重大价值和意义。辽金年代所刻石经，原以《契丹藏》为底本，但《契丹藏》早已失传。近年来从山西应县木塔中发现了《契用藏》残卷，与房山石经对照，完全相同。房山石经完好地保存了《契丹藏》佛经，这在世界佛经史上是件大事。房山石经是原刻石板，没有写经传抄所易产生的那种讹误、版本校勘价值极高。同时，它保存了50种以上的各版大藏经所没有的经籍。镂刻技术精淇，书法秀丽，不仅是有价值的佛教文物，也是中国书法雕刻艺术的精品。所以问世后，即名闻遐迩。在书法艺术方面，隋代刻经已是高手所书，唐代刻经更具有隋唐书法的优美风格。从石经中也可以看到我国书法风格的变迁和文字演变(如：俗写字，异体字，简化字，武周时期新造字等)情况。石经中有许多经文后面附刻有题记，这些题记是研究历代政治，经济，文化以及民风民俗的宝贵资料。从1956年开始中国佛教协会和有关部门一起，对房山石经进行了全面的调查、发掘和整理工作，目前已将部分石经进行编号，上架展览。

1981年11月中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所佛学家罗焰在洞内研修之际，於原地面拜石下五厘米处，发现一方石，下有一洞穴，内存石函、银函、玉函等，均以函函相套的方式加以密封。一号白玉石函，函盖上刻有172个字，函内还刻有83字铭文。这些文字记述了明代万历二十年(1592年)间，在石经山首次发现隋代所藏佛舍利情况。二号青石函，较上函略小;函盖上刻有“大隋大业十二年岁次丙子四月十已朔八日甲子於此函内安置佛舍利三粒原住持永劫”36字铭文。说明佛舍利在这里已珍藏l320xx年之久。三号汉白玉石函，有楔状抽斗盖，上有“佛舍利”以及上下款共26字。四号镀金银函，四周有青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武四种刻线图案，盖上有花卉图案，内有木质彩绘香珠一颗、珍珠11颗。五号白玉函十分精巧，长宽各12厘米，高17厘米，里面放有两粒赤色小米粒大小的佛舍利，旁边还伴有两颗珍珠。

关於这些佛舍利的来历，据记载:隋文帝曾从一印度僧人处得到佛舍利，并於仁寿元年(620xx年)、仁寿二年(620xx年)、仁寿四年(620xx年)三次向全国各州颁发佛舍利，地处幽州的弘业寺和智泉寺皆有幸得到。而这两寺都距云居寺不很远。同时，云居寺创始人静碗法师原本是智泉寺僧人，是佛教天台宗慧思弟子，所似很可能当时皇帝也赐给了云居寺佛舍利。《憨山大师梦游集》和《帝京景物略》中曾记载明万历二十年在云居寺石经山雷音洞发现了三粒佛舍利。当时万历皇帝的母亲笃信佛教，於是迎入宫中供养三曰后又安放在雷音洞内，但是记载中的三粒佛舍利，现存只有两粒，据专家推断，其中一粒可能在明代万历皇帝母亲迎人宫内供养时不慎遗失或是被私自留下。目前这两粒佛舍利及相关文物被中国佛教协会保管，一俟云居寺修复后，将送回云居寺内安置，供各界人士瞻礼。

云居寺周围现存唐辽石塔及辽代砖塔共六座，互相拱卫，从而形成云居寺特殊的佛教人文景观。其中唐代(618-920xx年)所建方形石塔，以著名的房山石窟汉白玉为原料，精雕而成。塔分单层和密檐式两种，平面呈方形，正面辟尖拱形门，内两侧刻披甲胄金刚武士，生动逼真。其中唐开元十五年(720xx年)建的石塔内两壁所刻浑目高鼻供养人形象，反映出盛唐时期民族团结的繁荣景象。这批石塔是北京地区现存最早古塔，成为研究唐代幽州地区文化史和佛教史的珍贵实物资料。1949年后，人民政府对云居寺所藏石经进行了发掘和整理。到现在还完好保存的石经就有14 278块，分别藏在对面石经山上的9个洞内和云居寺文物保管所里。1961年3月，国务院将云居寺遗址、两座辽塔、八座唐塔、藏经洞和石经，列为全国重点保护文物，并为保护这些珍贵的文物，先后对辽代北塔进行了加固维修，安装了避雷设施，为保护石经板盖了石经库，以使这些上千年的古代珍贵文物代代相传。北京市人民政府於1935年4月1曰决定修复云居寺。第一期工程，天王殿、毗卢殿已竣工开放。原云居寺千年遗物——汉白玉镌刻的圆形山门雄姿也已复原。为更好地保护石经，避免风化剥蚀，现已决定於1999年9月9曰9目9时9分9秒，将全部石经全部重新秘封於地下。石经藏而天下安，这项举措必成这佛教史上的一件大事。

云居寺因珍藏着15000余块石刻佛教大藏经被誉为"北京的敦煌"。在云居寺周围两平方公里的范围内，内云居寺，石经山藏经洞，唐、辽塔群构成了我国古代佛教文化一大宝 库。房山云居寺石刻佛教大藏经始刻于隋大业年间，历经唐、辽、金、元、明六个朝代千余年，刻经1122部，3572卷，刻石14278块，分藏于石经山九个藏经洞和云居寺地穴 之中。现又将木雕《龙藏经》7.7万多块，明代经2万多卷运藏于寺。石经、纸经、木板经过这三种经本已称为世界"三绝"。 陈列展览有"石经展览"。

云居寺有五大院落六进殿宇，东接上方山，西俯拒马河，占地7万多平方米，两侧有配殿和帝王行宫、僧房，并有南北两塔对峙，历史悠久，饱经沧桑。解放后，云居寺经过两次大规模修复重现庄严。云居寺古时亦有"碑海塔林"之称，现存碑20余块、塔10余座，是其宝贵的文化遗产。

石经山在云居寺东二里处，俗称小西天。海拔450米。这里不仅是房山石经刊刻起源之处，也是佛祖舍利出土之处，4196块隋唐石经为国之重宝，以雷音洞、金仙公主塔为代表的众多历史遗迹，具有极高的价值。

据考，石经始刻于隋大业十二年(公元620xx年)，僧人静琬为维护正法，镌刻经于石。刻经事业历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明六个朝代，绵延1039年，刻佛经1122部，3572卷，14278块，分藏于石经山9个藏经洞和云居寺地穴之中，规模之大，历时之长，是世界文化史上罕见的壮举，堪与闻名寰宇的万里长城、京杭大运河相媲美，是世上稀有而珍贵的文化遗产。

大家好!现在我们正在驶过忻口，我们看，这里“两山夹一口，滹沱中间流”，是一处易守难攻的军事要塞。20__多年前，汉高祖刘邦白登之围兵败至此，看到山河险固，川原肥美，于是“六军欣然”，遂将这里命名为“忻口”;而在70年前，抗战初期华北战场上最惨烈的大会战——忻口战役也是在这里打响，我军著名的平型关大捷、火烧阳明堡机场、雁门关伏击战，都是为了配合忻口的国民军队而打响的，忻口战役因此被称为是国共合作的经典战例。

车过忻口，我们就进入了忻府区境内。忻州因忻口而得名，那么“忻”是什么意思呢?大家查查字典就会看到，忻州的“忻”和欣喜的“欣”是同音通用的，包含着欢欣鼓舞、欣喜欢乐的意思。因此，忻州这片土地从古至今都是一块祥和欢乐的土地，这里的民俗风情浓郁热烈，是全国著名的“八音之乡”、“民间绘画之乡”和“摔跤之乡”。忻州的摔跤和我们熟悉的中国式摔跤、国际式摔跤都不一样，当地老百姓叫作“挠羊赛”。“挠”就是扛的意思，就是说获胜的奖品是一只活羊，而领奖的方式就是把羊挠起来绕场三周。挠羊赛的历史可以追溯到南宋时期，说是岳家军解散后，有一位叫做陈效婴的忻州老兵回到了故乡，把在军中学到的角抵传授给了父老乡亲，久而久之，这种角抵之术就传遍了忻定盆地，形成了风行数百年的挠羊赛。

参加挠羊赛的选手一律不准穿跤衣，都得赤膊上阵，连续摔倒6个人才算胜利。获胜者除了可以挠走一头大肥羊，还会获得一个英雄般的称号——“挠羊汉”。挠羊赛在忻州有着非常广泛的民众基础，就像一首民谣中说的那样：“立了秋，挂出钩，走街看戏挠羊赛。”正因为如此，自1959年全国第一届运动会以来，忻州为全国各级运动队输送专业跤手达1千多名，获得世界和全国冠军超百次，为中国的摔跤事业做出了重要贡献。在1969年的全国文体群英会上，当时的忻定县被命名为“中国摔跤之乡”。为了弘扬跤乡文化，20__年以来，忻州开始举办一年一届的“中国忻州摔跤节”。有趣的是，参加国际式摔跤和中国式摔跤的虽然都是国手名家，场面却冷冷清清，而参加挠羊赛的都是本地的泥腿子、挠羊汉，却观者如云、场场爆满，形成了一道独特的文化风景线。

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎光临世界文化遗产——颐和园。我是你们的导游，我姓林，你们能够叫我林导游。很荣幸为大家服务。此刻我带我家一齐去游览颐和园，大家跟我来吧!

各位游客，那里就是有名的长廊，那里长七百多米，分成273间。请大家抬起头，看!每一间的横槛上都有五彩缤纷的画，画着：人物、花草、风景，这几千幅画当中没有哪两幅是相同的。大家细细欣赏吧!

我们此刻去的就是万寿山。展此刻你眼前的这座山就是万寿山。请你们抬头向上望，耸立在半山腰上的那座八角宝塔形的三层建筑就是佛香阁，它高38米多。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，你们明白那是什么吗?不明白吧1其实那就是排云殿。此刻我们去的是昆明湖，这湖面积大约220平方米。这座桥名十七孔桥，因为这座石桥有十七个桥洞。你们能够到桥上走一走。

此刻大家能够自由活动，但要注意：1、不能随地扔垃圾2、不能乱涂乱画3、要注意安全。最后我祝大家旅程愉快。