长城导游词范文(优秀20篇)

尊敬的女士，先生们，今天，我们来游览着名的风景名胜区，长城，希望大家旅途愉快!

我们现在来到的是好汉坡，好汉坡的名字是怎么来的呢?不晓得吧?好汉坡因毛泽东一句“不到长城非好汉”而得名。

现在我们到了长城上，你们现在想说什么?因该是我“终于登上长城了!”吧?这座长城是为了防止匈奴的攻击而建筑的，长城很大，有13000里，每隔2、3百米就有一座堡垒，堡垒是用来屯兵用的。

我们登上长城很容易，但，你想一下，这座巨大的长城凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧呀!

你们知道吗？从北京出发，行车一百多里就能来到长城脚下。这一段长城修筑在八达岭上，高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方型的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方型的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。 各位游客，现在你站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，不知是否能想起古代的劳动人民是怎样修筑长城的。看，单是这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车、汽车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。

关于长城，还有一段有名的传说。相传孟姜女丈夫成亲的当晚，官兵她丈夫抓去修长城。孟姜女在家苦苦地等着他回来。日复一日，年复一年，孟姜女始终没有等到自己的夫君。于是，孟姜女万里寻夫，来到了长城边。不料，夫君早已变成了一堆白骨。孟姜女悲伤之下，昼夜不停地哭泣，哭倒了长城。

游客们，这样气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹。长城已经被列入《世界遗产名录》，请大家自由观赏，同时提醒各位在长城上不要乱刻乱画，乱丢垃圾。

大家好，我是你们的导游，你们可以叫我陈导。今天我们要游览的地方是著名的“长龙”——北京长城。

长城—是我国二十九种文化遗产之一，它有着悠久的历史。

长城是千百万劳动人民以坚忍不拔的毅力建成的，当时秦始皇多么的自私，竟然只顾着自己，不顾他人。那个时候没有挖掘机、没起重机和推土机，多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧才凝结成这前不见尾，后不见头的万里长城。

远眺长城，它活像一条长龙。它全长13000里，修筑在八达岭上，又高大，又坚固。从北京出发，100米还没到就来到了长城的脚下。每隔300米就有一个堡垒，是凹凸形状的。城墙上铺着成排的垛子，十分匀称。

长城特别的宽敞，上面可以容纳得下一辆小轿车呢!每天长城的游客人生人海。

长城另一番风景就是长城脚下那郁郁苍苍的树木了，站在长城上，会令人陶醉于绿油油的景色当中呢。

今天的游览到此结束，请大家各自坐车回家。

八达岭长城有三台两墙组成，什么是三台两墙呢?现在就让我给大家来解释一下，三台分别是城台，敌台，其中城台构造的非常简单，只是驻守的官兵避风寒的地方。那敌台的构造相对就要复杂一些，分为两层，下层是由田，井，回，等字形组成，上层有垛口和望孔是观察军情和射箭用的，所以这里也具有防御敌人的功能。

下面就到了烽火台，又叫烽燧，狼烟台。是不和长城相连的独立建筑。一旦敌人来犯，就点燃烽火通报军情，古人奖白天点燃的烟叫做烽，晚上的叫做燧。明朝的时候，还对烽火与敌人的关系作了严格的规定：敌人百余个，燃一烟点一炮;五白人，燃两烟点两炮;千人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮;万人以上，五烟五炮。就通过这种方式，在边关的军情能够飞速的传递到皇城大内。

说完了三台，下面就来说一下两墙。长城外侧的高墙叫做牒墙，有垛口是用来防御敌人的。而内侧不足一米高的则叫作女儿墙，也叫做宇墙。在最开始长城内侧是没有女儿墙的，可是经常有人会跌下山崖，所以就修建了这道墙。在长城墙根的地方每隔不远就有一个小水沟，雨天的时候由吐水嘴向外排水，以免水冲刷城墙。而长城的墙体里面使用石头块铸成的，外边砌上砖，再在上面铺上石板，从而使建筑非常牢固!

各位游客朋友们，大家好!我叫卢镜羽，大家叫我卢导好了。今天，由我来带领大家去参观一处世界遗产——气魄雄伟的八达岭长城，祝大家旅途愉快!

长城是我国古代一项伟大的防御建筑工程和中华人民共和国的象征……

下面，我给大家讲一个传说——孟姜女哭长城。

秦朝时期，秦始皇发动八十八万民工修筑长城。

有个书生叫万喜良，为了逃避追捕，他四处躲藏。有一天，他在孟家花园中无意中遇到了孟姜女，孟姜女和父母一起把万喜良藏了起来。两位老人很喜欢万喜良，就把孟姜女许给他做了妻子。

不过三天，万喜良就被公差抓去修长城了。半年过去了，孟姜女想起远在北方修长城，一定十分寒冷，就亲手缝制寒衣，启程上路，要到万里长城去寻找万喜良。

一路上，孟姜女不知经历了多少艰难，吃了多少苦，才到了长城脚下。谁知修长城的民工告诉她，万喜良已经死了，尸骨被填进了城墙里。听了这个信息，孟姜女一下子昏倒在地……

现在到了自由活动时间，请大家登上长城，饱览祖国的壮丽景色，谢谢。

尊敬的游客们：

大家好！欢迎你们来游览长城。俗话说得好：“不到长城非好汉！”今天，我就来当你们的小导游，向您介绍长城。当然，我也希望您能玩得开心，玩得高兴。

接下来，我就来向您介绍长城的概况。

长城始建于春秋战国时期。那时，各个诸侯国为了互相防御，就在自己境内地方筑建长城。秦始皇统一中国后，为防御北方匈奴的入侵，便将各诸侯国的长城连接起来，并将其延长，号称“万里长城”。

您如果远望长城，就会发现，长城就像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，共有一万三千多里。

如果您走近点看，就会发现，长城是那么高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。您看，城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像一条宽阔的马路。在古代，五六匹马车可以并行。而城墙外沿，有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，在那时，这是来瞭望和射击的。而城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就会有一座方形的城台，那是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。这堡垒，也叫“烽火台”。在这“烽火台”上，周幽王还曾经导演过一场“烽火戏诸侯”的历史闹剧。

如果您站在长城，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，您会不会想起建造万里长城的古代劳动人民呢？在那时，没有火车，没有汽车，也没有起重机。他们只能用那无数的肩膀和无数的手，将这一块块两三千斤重的条石，一步一步的艰难地抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的智慧和血汗，才凝聚成这前不见头、后不见尾的万里长城啊！

好了，我就介绍到这里吧。下面游客们可以自由参观，希望这项气魄雄伟的工程，这个伟大的奇迹能给您留下难忘的印象，祝您旅游愉快。

黄崖关长城导游词

尊敬的各位游客，大家好!首先，我代表。。旅行社欢迎大家的到来，我叫。。。(欢迎词——自我介绍、表达良好的服务意愿、旅行中的注意事项等等。)

今天我们要游览的是位于天津蓟县北部的黄崖关长城。万里长城是中国古代劳动人民创造的奇迹，是中华民族智慧的结晶。气势磅礴、雄伟壮观的万里长城犹如一条巨龙，是中华民族的象征。提到长城您会想到嘉峪关、山海关、居庸关等著名关隘，其实黄崖关也是万里长城的重要组成部分，1990年以“蓟北雄关”被列入津门十景之首。

黄崖关长城分黄崖关和太平寨两个景区。黄崖关以雄伟见长，太平寨以多变取胜。我们现在所处的景区,就是黄崖关景区。它始建于北齐天宝7年，明隆庆年间，民族英雄戚继光任蓟镇总兵时，对这段长城进行包砖和大修，形成了战台敌楼、边城掩体、水关烟墩、古寨营盘等各项防御设施一应俱全的壮观景象。

请大家随我往前走，眼前的这座古牌楼，它始建于明天顺四年，正面书“蓟北雄关”，意思是：此地乃为蓟镇北大门，是控扼入关的咽喉要地，为历代兵家必争之地。黄崖关是蓟镇长城的重要关隘，关城建在两山之间，封锁着泃河河谷，地势十分险要，故称“蓟北雄关”。背面写“金汤巩固”，形容黄崖关固若金汤、坚不可摧。黄崖关长城设立了凤凰楼、长城主体城墙和八卦关城三道防御体系，成为坚不可摧的军事防御工程。

大家请看城楼上，“黄崖口关”的匾额，为明代著名抗倭名将戚继光将军题写。为什么叫黄崖关呢?大家请看，长城周围山石颜色都是黄褐色的，不同程度含有铁的成分，当太阳光照射时，发出一种亮丽的金属颜色。山上有黄崖，山下有雄关，所以得名黄崖关。

进入黄崖口关，就进入了全国长城沿线上独一无二的八卦关城，又称为“八卦迷魂阵”，它是按八卦图形规律构筑的防御阵式。八卦城占地4万平方米，整体布局以提调公署为中心，由西北方按顺时针分为“乾、坎、艮、震、巽、离、坤、兑”分八个卦区，内设三关九门，布局错综复杂。有纵横交错40多条街，有丁字形、回字形、有的还在交叉的地方故意错位。凡此种种，都给人一种强烈的军事色彩。一般进来之后都会绕来绕去，找不到出口，难怪会有“八卦迷魂阵”之称呢。所以您在参观时一定要跟着队伍走，搞不好您真会迷路呢。

我们现在来到的是坐落于八卦城坤卦区内的长寿园。其中收入10003种不同写法的“寿”字，被载入了吉尼斯世界纪录之最。迎面就是一座砖雕的寿字影壁，绕过砖雕的寿字影壁，我们看到水池中浮出一个巨大的寿字，独字成桥。这就是长寿桥。俗话说“走过长寿桥，福寿乐逍遥”。“寿字桥上走一走，逍遥活到九十九。”这话说不说在我，信不信可得由大家了。

现在大家已经来到了八卦城的中心——提调公署院内。提调公署是明代镇守长城最高行政长官处理军务和民事的场所，是当时的指挥中心。1986年10月，这里已辟为全国第一座长城历史博物馆。

现在我们就来到了毛泽东诗词墨迹碑林。迎面青石上，镌刻着题写的“毛泽东诗词墨迹碑林”，它通高1.226米，寓意毛主席12月26日生日。碑林里镌刻了毛泽东从1923年到1964年间创作的28首诗词手稿，共计1893字，恰与毛泽东诞生之年巧合。以《沁园春.雪》主碑的毛泽东诗词墨迹碑林，艺术地再现了毛泽东同志在不同历史时期表露的伟人胸怀和气魄。1993年10月，为纪念毛泽东诞为辰一百周年，在碑林院中央塑立一尊主席立身铜像。把他在硝烟弥漫的岁月里目视长城内外，指点江山，激扬文字的领袖风范和诗人风采表现的淋漓尽致。

往前走，我们现在来到了黄崖正关，又称为北极阁，俗称玄武庙。黄崖正关地处狐仙晃和王帽顶两座高山之间的峡谷中，它巧妙地与陡峭的悬崖绝壁融为一体，形式极其险要。我们看黄崖正关城楼下面建台，上面建阁，但不留北门，为什么呢?相传明成祖朱棣信奉道教，他认为继承帝位，是因得到北神之助，便在京东一带和他出兵打仗的地方大建玄武庙，保佑他的江山稳固，为了避免人行和车马通过冲撞北神，所以不设北门。

请大家往北眺望，在千米之外的孤峰顶上，建有一座巨大的圆形空心敌楼——凤凰楼。传说因有凤凰栖息在此而得名。这也是黄崖关长城的第一道军事防线。第二道就是我们所在的这条主体城墙，可以说是城宽墙厚，易首难攻;第三道呢就是我们刚刚走过的八卦迷魂阵。三道防线使黄崖关长城真的是金汤巩固，坚不可摧。

从这越过泃河，攀上东岸，就是太平寨游览区了。在登长城处的门前，矗立着戚继光的雕像。这位抗委将领不仅对长城的边墙加固加高，还在这段城墙上增修了1000余座结构各异，雄伟壮观的墩台和敌楼。其中一座名为“寡妇楼”。据说人们是为了纪念12位士兵的妻子，继承丈夫的遗志，以身报国的伟大精神而为敌楼命名的。

接下来的时间，大家可以自己登一登长城，在此我祝愿大家在今后的工作和生活中一帆风顺。谢谢。

亲爱的游客朋友们：

我是河南油田虹桥旅行社的殷导游。今天由我来带着大家游览长城。

游客们请注意了。我们正前方就是长城。远看长城，它像一条长龙在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。长城全长一万三千多里。

游客们，现在我们站在长城上，那就让我来给大家讲一下长城的结构吧!这一段长城修筑在八达岭上。八达岭地势险峻。可长城却是高大坚固。城墙外沿有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口。大家看!这座方形的堡垒。打仗时屯兵们可以相互呼应。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，很自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。不知道大家听说过孟姜女哭长城这个传说没有：相传秦始皇时，劳役繁重，青年男女范喜良、孟姜女新婚三天，新郎就被迫出发修筑长城。不久因饥寒劳累而死，尸骨被埋在长城墙下日复一日，年复一年。孟姜女既着急又担心。日子一天比一天冷。孟姜女身背寒衣，历尽艰辛，万里寻夫来到长城边，得到的却是丈夫的噩耗。她痛哭城下，三日三夜不止，城为之崩裂，露出范杞梁尸骸，孟姜女于绝望之中投海而死。这个故事体现了古代劳动人民的`智慧和才干。

今天我们就参观到这，请大家把自己的垃圾装到塑料袋里，带走。希望今天成为您美好的回忆。

各位先生，女士们，大家好：

我是你们今天导游池宇豪。今天我带大家来到长城参观游览。

八达岭长城是长城保存的最完整的一段。城墙高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和方砖筑成的，每一块条石有两三千斤重，当时没有汽车，没有火车，没有起重机，单靠无数的手无数的肩膀，抬上这陡峭的山岭。到现在为止，这仍然还是个谜。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整。五六匹马可以并行，城墙的外沿有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有嘹望口和射口，供嘹望和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形大城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候可以互相呼应。

长城上有许多美丽的传说：秦朝时，范杞梁被抓到北方修筑长城，其妻孟姜女带着寒衣千里寻夫。到长城脚下后，不但未找到丈夫，反而被秦始皇垂涎。孟姜女终日痛哭，终于将长城哭倒，露出丈夫尸骨。百姓借此传说斥责了暴君对人民的残酷奴役，统治者借此传说宣扬了礼教中的“贞烈”，因此流传千古，如今山海关外凤凰山上仍保存有明代重修的姜女庙。

毛泽东说过一句名流千古的诗句“不到长城非好汉”，今天我们也去登长城。体验做好汉的滋味吧。

这次的游览结束了，祝大家旅游快乐。

大家好，我是成成旅行社的导游，我叫贾成哲，今天，由我来带领大家游览长城，请大家多多关照。今天，我带领大家去参观八达岭长城。很荣幸成为大家的导游。我先给大家介绍一下长城吧!

长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一。万里长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，跨群山，穿莽原，它是中华民族力量和智慧的结晶，它浓缩了五千年光辉灿烂文化的历史，它是中国血泪与文化史的结合。它是中华民族这条即将腾飞的巨龙的象征。

游客们，现在我们来到了长城脚下，让我们抬起头来，长城像蜿蜒的巨龙卧在连绵考虑周到伏之间，雄伟壮观。下面请大家随我一起登上长城，八达岭长城共有六个烽火台，这些烽火台可以在二到三小时之间，将消息报传到数千里以外的地方，烽火台分成两层，上层是暸望台，上层是士兵吃饭和睡觉的地方，那里有许许多多的士兵，一但发现敌人，便点燃烽火，将消息传到远方。

不知不觉，我们已来到了好汉城，不是说只有好汉才能登上的险坡，最后我们每个人都做了一回好汉，Lets go!

最后祝你们玩得开心愉快，愿雄伟壮观的长城能给大家留下一段美好的回忆。

各位游客，大家好，这次我很荣幸能和大家一起到八达岭观光旅游，希望大家在八达岭上度过一段美好的时光。请注意不要乱扔垃圾。

长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一，它想一条长龙，盘踞在中国北方的辽阔的土地上。它是中国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，也是我们华夏子孙的骄傲，游客们现在我们到达了八达岭长城的脚下，前面的那座山是军都山，八达岭长城就盘踞在这座山上。现在我们在八达岭长城上，向下看可以看见一个U型的城墙和抵挡敌人的瓮城，垛口处如果坏人涌进城内，将被四面守城的将士围歼，如落瓮中，所以瓮城也是长城的一个重要的主城部分。

我们再往下走可以看见上城口右边陈列着一门大炮，名为‘威大将军’。这门大炮长一米多，射程最多进500米，可见当时的军工业水平是十分优秀的。以前这是抵挡敌军的。

长城是我们中华民族的象征，全世界的文化遗产，会焕发出新的生机。以前，流传着一个叫‘孟姜女哭长城’的`故事。内容是这样的，从前有个叫孟姜女的姑娘，她和丈夫结婚的时候，几个官兵把丈夫抓到长城去做劳工，孟姜女历经千辛万苦终于到了，长城露出丈夫的尸首，她便大哭起来，哭了三天三夜，把长城一节一节的哭倒了。这个故事就发生在这里。希望这次旅游给大家留给一个美好的回忆。让我们一起度过这次愉快的旅游。

谢谢大家，本次导游结束!

经典北京八达岭长城导游词范文4

中国的长城作为坚固的军事防御功能，已经永远失去了它的历史作用，但作为伟大的建筑永远屹立在中华大地。成为中华民族。团结的象征。1987年，长城被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，被专家学者称为“ 世界上最长的防御性城墙 ” 。

今天我们登上了长城，在中国的旅游界界流行着一句话 “ 不到长城非好汉 ”。现在各位都是英雄好汉了，女士们就是巾帼英雄。长城横贯中国的北部，长达6000多公里，合计12000多华里，所以叫 “ 万里长城 ”。长城与黄河被称为中国北方两巨龙。北京位于黄河以北，长城以南，俗话说 “ 万里长城万里长，遥想当年秦始皇 ”，其实长城并非起自秦始皇，应该说是起自春秋战国。

公元前221年，友好往来一举灭掉了六国，他把中国北部的旧长城连接了起来。形成了一道西起临洮，东到辽东的万里长城。这一段历史时期的长城叫做秦长城。大家听说过孟姜女哭长城的传说吗?说的是孟姜女新婚不久，他的丈夫范杞良就被抓去修长城。一去三年，没有音信。一天夜里孟姜女做了一个梦，梦见她的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，浑身发抖。喊着说：“ 我冷啊!我冷啊! ”于是孟姜女决定千里寻夫为他送寒衣。她从江淮一带(今安徽)来到北方，沿着长城找寻她的丈夫，她四处打听，一直都没有下落。到山海关一带，一个修城的工头说，范杞良早已经死了。她悲痛欲绝，放声大哭。哭倒了长城八百里。这个传说反映了秦始皇强征民夫，横征暴敛的暴政。

到了西汉时期，汉武帝又修了一道外长城。而且，把它修到了阴山以北，可怜的匈奴人只有 “ 望队山而泣 ” 。真可谓 “ 不叫胡马度阴山 ”。这一段汉长城可以说是西起新疆境内，东经蒙古，一直到黑龙江流域长达两万余里。这一时期的长城，称为汉长城。

公元1368年，明朝皇帝朱元璋派大将徐达北筑长城，从那时起直到明朝末期，先后大修长城十八次，历时260余年。公元1500年，也就是弘治十二年，才完成了明长城的规模。它东起鸭绿江西到嘉峪关，经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多华里。这一时期的长城叫明长城。就是今天我们各位看到的八达岭这一段的长城。所以说在历史上有三次筑城高潮。这就是秦长城、汉长城、明长城。

如果我们把中国历代的长城全部加起来，它遍布16个省市自治区，总长度5.4万公里，合计10.8万华里。

居庸关号称天下雄关，俗话说 “ 长城之险不在居庸关，而在八达岭 ” 。也就是说 “ 关在居庸，险在八达岭 ”。八达岭这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十十楼，全长4770米。它是北京山区通向塞外的唯一通道，八达岭是居庸关的前哨阵地，取四通八达之意。由此可以通向延庆、宣化、张家口、大同、永宁、四海的交通汇集点。八达岭西有岔道城，驻兵780多人。是重要的前哨阵地。建于1531年(嘉靖三十年)，而八达岭建于1505年(弘治18年)，这一带的山叫做军都山，崇山峻岭，形势险要，城关重重，但它终没有挡住李自成的农民军，1644年3月18日，李自成率32万大军东度太行山，直取八达岭破居庸关。逼的明朝皇帝崇祯自缢死在煤山，推翻了明王朝。请大家看长城，在总体构造上是上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。它分别由四种基本的构造构成的，一，城墙;二，城台;三，关隘;四，烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连，城墙上可容五马并走。烽火台又叫烟墩，用于传递军情。它独立于长城之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座。在万里长城上形成了千里的报警系统。每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台燃起烽火，传递军情，白天点烟有枯枝柴加狼粪所以又叫狼烟，烟色浓黑冲上蓝天这叫烽;夜间点烟，必然看不风，就点火这叫燧。合起来称为烽燧。歌曲里唱的“ 狼烟遍地 ”也就是战争爆发了。明朝规定来犯敌兵百余人点一烟，鸣一炮;五百人左右，两烟两炮;千余人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮;万人以上，五烟五炮。各位听说过烽火戏诸侯的故事吗?说的是西周的时候，周幽王为此烦恼，不知如何使她笑起来，这时有位拍马屁的大臣说，您可以在骊山的烽火台上燃起烽火，各位诸侯必然闻讯来救，当他们看到没有敌人，场面必然十分尴尬。果然当周幽王燃起烽火的时候，各路诸侯以为就师告急，空忙一场，看到各路诸侯狼狈的样子，褒姒不禁一笑，周幽王大喜，各路诸侯愤然而去。后来，西戎族真的来攻打京师了，周幽王燃起烽火求救，结果各路诸侯按兵不动，其下场是周幽王被杀，而褒姒被俘，这就是历史上的“ 周幽王烽火戏诸侯，褒姒一笑失天下 ” 。

中国的长城作为坚固的军事防御功能，已经永远失去了它的历史作用，但作为伟大的建筑永远屹立在中华大地。成为中华民族。团结的象征。1987年，长城被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，被专家学者称为世界上最长的防御性城墙。

今天我们登上了长城，在中国的旅游界界流行着一句话不到长城非好汉。现在各位都是英雄好汉了，女士们就是巾帼英雄。长城横贯中国的北部，长达6000多公里，合计120xx多华里，所以叫万里长城。长城与黄河被称为中国北方两巨龙。北京位于黄河以北，长城以南，俗话说万里长城万里长，遥想当年秦始皇，其实长城并非起自秦始皇，应该说是起自春秋战国。

公元前221年，秦国一举灭掉了六国，他把中国北部的旧长城连接了起来。形成了一道西起临洮，东到辽东的万里长城。这一段历史时期的长城叫做秦长城。大家听说过孟姜女哭长城的传说吗？说的是孟姜女新婚不久，他的丈夫范杞良就被抓去修长城。一去三年，没有音信。一天夜里孟姜女做了一个梦，梦见她的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，浑身发抖。喊着说：我冷啊！我冷啊！于是孟姜女决定千里寻夫为他送寒衣。她从江淮一带（今安徽）来到北方，沿着长城找寻她的丈夫，她四处打听，一直都没有下落。到山海关一带，一个修城的工头说，范杞良早已经死了。她悲痛欲绝，放声大哭。哭倒了长城八百里。这个传说反映了秦始皇强征民夫，横征暴敛的暴政。

到了西汉时期，汉武帝又修了一道外长城。而且，把它修到了阴山以北，可怜的匈奴人只有望队山而泣。真可谓不叫胡马度阴山。这一段汉长城可以说是西起新疆境内，东经蒙古，一直到黑龙江流域长达两万余里。这一时期的长城，称为汉长城。

公元1368年，明朝皇帝朱元璋派大将徐达北筑长城，从那时起直到明朝末期，先后大修长城十八次，历时260余年。公元1500年，也就是弘治十二年，才完成了明长城的规模。它东起鸭绿江西到嘉峪关，经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多华里。这一时期的长城叫明长城。就是今天我们各位看到的八达岭这一段的长城。所以说在历史上有三次筑城高潮。这就是秦长城、汉长城、明长城。

北京长城英文导游词

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

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各位游客：

大家好，我是你们的导游。现在我们正在我国首都——北京，这里有一座举世瞩目的建筑——长城。

瞧，这眼前高大坚固的.就是长城。

传说，有一个姑娘，叫孟姜女。她长大了，挑选到了一位让她感到称心如意的丈夫，没想到，她正在与丈夫拜堂，可官府却派人把她的丈夫抓走了。原来，残暴的秦始皇为防北边的匈奴，在修筑长城，四处搜集壮丁建长城。得知这一消息，孟姜女收拾好包袱，告别父母，去寻找丈夫，但一位老乡告诉她，她丈夫早已累死在长城下了。孟姜女号陶大哭，连日月星辰都被她感动了，让长城倒下，露出了丈夫的遗骨。

看，长城东起山海关西到嘉峪关，有一万三千多里，经过了辽宁省、河北省、北京市、天津市、山西省、陕西省、宁夏回族自治区和甘肃省八个省市自治区。你们知道吗?长城是公元221年，秦始皇统一六国后，一方面拆毁诸国这间的长城，另一方面为了防御北边的匈奴，又调动军民上百万人，命大将蒙恬督筑的。

让我们登上长城，瞧，长城是用巨大的条石和方砖筑成的，告诉你们，光一块条石就有两三千斤重呢!城墙顶上铺着方砖，很平整，宽得可以容下五六匹马并行。外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。看，这方形的城台每隔三百米就有一个，是士兵的堡垒。打仗时，城台之间可以互相呼应。__带领军队穿过长城时说道：“不到长城非好汉!”怎么样，当英雄的滋味很好吧!游客们，这些堡垒可不能钻进去哦!因为你们可不是士兵哟!

长城经历的千百年风沙，已经不再像从前那么坚固，如果你们想长城宝刀不老的话，可就要当文明游客喽。看附近不有垃圾桶吗?看到垃圾，即使不是你扔的，你也可以捡起来，因为，你也是祖国的一份子嘛!如果您想展现高超的画技，别到墙上画，请到纸上画，因为这样才能画得更加栩栩如生，对不?

朋友们：你们好!

现在展现在我们面前的，就是闻名中外的金山岭长城。有人说，要看长城之长，上金山岭;要看长城之雄伟，也上金山岭。此话十分有道理。

(停车场至砖垛口的道上)

金山岭长城，始建于北齐，那时为土石结构，单调低矮。十五世纪中叶，明王朝国力由强转弱，北方蒙古族鞑靼、朵颜等各部乘机南侵，京都受到威胁，于是明朝廷决定重修这一段在军事上有重大意义的长城。隆庆元年(公元1567年)明穆宗把抗倭名将戚继光由闽浙调到北方戍边，任命为蓟州总兵。戚继光率部队士兵与当地民夫，对东起山海关、西至镇边(昌平县境)，1000公里的原有长城，普遍进行了改建和重建。边墙城体加宽加高，要冲地段修筑双层的城墙。又在全线修筑1000多座高大坚固的敌楼(又叫敌台或空心敌台)。在戚继光任职的十四年间，就基本完成了这一浩大的工程。在后来的数十年里，明王朝又不断地调兵选将，加以修缮，使它形成一道城墙高峙，战垒林立，能守能攻的坚固防线。金山岭长城，就是其中最突出的一段。这段长城及所属设施都是砖石结构，气势雄伟，旧貌依然。经专家鉴定，是我国万里长城的精华之所在。

金山岭长城充分体现了戚继光“因地制宜，用险制塞”的建筑思想。因此，这段长城设施完备、构筑坚实，布局严谨，攻守兼备。长城沿线的沟壑要冲都设有关口，既能出关巡逻，又可对敌人实行迂回包抄。主要关口加设防线，修筑重墙，山巅上还设烽火台。长城主墙与敌楼挽臂相连，互为一体。一些重要地段往往在主墙道上加设九至十多道障墙。

总观金山岭长城，城关相连，敌楼相望，处处布防，道道设险。遇有战争，烽火传递军情，全线严阵以待。战事和平，沿线驻军可在附近坡地屯田，自筹军粮。

(砖垛口前)

各位朋友，现在我们要进的这个关口叫砖垛口，游人一般都从这里的砖梯登上长城。

据考证，早在北齐时期，就在这里建筑一个关口。戚继光主持修筑金山岭长城时，又在这里重建了这个砖垛口。

砖垛口历来为兵家必争之地。从这一带长城上发现的火炮、_雷、石雷、箭头等武器来看，明朝时这里战事不少。近一个世纪，也有大的战事发生。1933年，东北军张学良的部队，曾经在这里与日本侵略军进行过多次激烈战斗。1948年夏天，北京解放前夕，解放军进攻古北口没有成功。然后改从砖垛口，龙峪口等长城上的关口突破，包抄古北口国_党守军的营地，很快歼灭了敌军，打开了古北口通道。

(手指文字砖)大家请看，这是十分珍贵的文字砖。在这里能见到的并不多，而在将军楼和大狐顶楼中间，500米的城墙上，这种文字砖就多了。这些砖上面主要记载了当年修筑这段长城的年代以及部队番号，如“万历四年震虏骑兵营造”、“万历五年山东左营造”、“万历六年振武右营造”等等。这些文字用楷书或隶书写在砖坯上，烧制而成。著名长城专家朱希元介绍说，这段文字砖长城，在中国万里长城上是独一无二的。文字砖具有很高的文物价值和观赏价值。

(在砖垛口至东方台的长城上)

漫步在长城上，只要您稍加留心，就会发现一些有趣而独特的东西。

另外，金山岭长城上，还可看到数不清的射击孔、了望孔，都饰以各种各样的图案：有桃形、箭头形、刀把形、锯齿形等等，一个个精巧别致，耐人寻味。请大家在游览的过程中细细观察。

(在东方台)

我们中央电视台新闻联播之前播放的片头语长城和中央电视台自用广告语：“传承文明，开拓创新”的背景长城，就是在这里拍摄的。这是金山岭的骄傲，也是万里长城的骄傲。金山岭长城自1986年开放以来，国家领_人曾多次视察。130多个国家驻华使节来观光游览。100多部影视作品展示了金山岭长城的雄姿。北京丽都、王府、凯宾斯基等几十家大饭店多次在这里开展越野攀登，举行篝火联欢、烟花晚会等各种文体娱乐活动。1998年9月，金山岭长城为来自13个国家的“雷励远征计划”活动的160多人在长城上举行大型酒会，取得圆满成功，给大家留下美好的印象。

1995年10月6日，瑞典有一对青年在那里按中国风俗举行了隆重的婚礼。当时记者问他们为什么要在这里举行婚礼?他们说在长城上举行婚礼有一种特殊的意义，尤其这段长城景观奇特、雄伟壮观，愿自己的婚姻象长城一样牢固可靠。朋友们，你们中是否有人也想到这里举行婚礼，欢度难忘的一刻?如您已婚，也不要遗憾，到这里度金婚纪念日和银婚纪念日也一定终生难忘。

各位游客：

你们好!我是快乐旅行社的导游，大家可以叫我“晗晗”。

俗话说“不到长城非好汉”，现在就让我们向长城“进军”吧!大家可以边爬长城边观赏。长城总共有一万三千多里，从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关。这么长的长城是始建于什么时候呢?现在我来解说一下吧!长城始建于周朝。周幽王烽火戏诸侯是最早的关于长城的典故。早在公元前7世纪的春秋时代，楚国最早修建了防御别国入侵的“楚方城”揭开了中国历史上记载的长城修建的帷幕。战国时期，齐、魏、赵、秦、燕和中山等国也相继修建了“诸侯互防长城”。其中秦、赵、燕三国和北方强大的游牧民族匈奴毗邻，在修筑诸侯防护长城同时，又在北部建筑了“拒胡长城”。此后历代君王几乎都加固长城。秦朝统一后，废弃了隔离各国的长城，将秦、赵、燕北部边境的长城连接起来，并加以扩展和修缮，第一次形成了一条西起临洮，东至辽东万余华里的长城，万里长城由此出现。

长城距今已有20xx多年的历史了，后来各朝代都对长城进行了修缮，其中汉朝、明朝规模最大。我们现在保存最好的就是明朝的长城。

现在我们已经登上了长城，大家看看四周的墙，都是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。这个齿形的城墙叫“垛子”，凹下去的部分叫“瞭望口”供瞭望用。中间的“小孔”叫“射口”供射击用。大家请看脚下的方砖，铺得那么平整，五六匹马可以并行。再看看我身后的方形城台，是屯兵的堡垒，里面可以住着士兵和储放着粮草和兵器。走近一点有一个烽火台，是为防止敌人入侵而建的，遇有敌情发生，则白天施烟，夜间点火，台台相连，传递讯息。按明朝制度，举一烟鸣一炮，表示来敌100人左右;举二烟鸣二炮，来敌500人左右;1000人以上举三烟鸣三炮。

古代的劳动人民那么艰苦，他们的智慧和才干，多么令人敬佩，万里长城不愧是中华民族的骄傲。今天的旅游到此结束，再见!

尊敬的游客们，你们好!欢迎你们来到长城，俗话说的好：“不到长城非好汉。”现在我就带这你们细细游赏这雄伟的长城。

长城是中华民族的根，是中华的魂，是华夏儿女的骄傲。它始建于春秋时期，从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，连续不断修筑了2019多年，总计长达6700多千米，被称这为“上下两千多年，纵横十万余里。”

坐车从北京出发，不过一百多里就来到长城脚下。进入景区，前面的山被成为军都山，长城就盘旋在八达岭的军都山上。这一段长城高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整像一条很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方型的了望口和射口，用来了望和射击用。城墙顶上每隔三百多米就有一座方型的城台，屯兵打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，我自然想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来，不知你们是否有同感?单看着数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重，那时侯的科技还不发达，就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手，一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。我们是否想过，这前不见头、后不见尾的万里长城凝结着多少劳动人民的只混与血汗。

这样气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是绝无仅有的奇迹。时间已经不早了，今天就到此为止，旅客们请好好休息吧，明天再来游赏这雄伟的长城吧!

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.

Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.

On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

Notes:1. the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵2. the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园3. Sanskrit 梵语4. Uigur 维吾尔语

There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.

Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to theManchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)

Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.

Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.

As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

各位游客：

大家好，我是你们的甘导，今天由我来带领大家游览气魄雄伟的万里长城。

长城是中华文明的瑰宝，是世界文化遗产之一，也是与埃及金字塔齐名的建筑，还是人类的奇迹。在遥远的两千多年前，劳动人民以血肉之躯修筑了万里长城。长城是古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，也是中华人民的象征。

长城是在春秋战国时期秦始皇始建的，现在比较雄伟的长城关口基本都是明朝建的。之所以人们称它万里长城，是因为从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。

游客们，我们现在已经来到了长城脚下，大家向远方望去，它多像一条在崇山峻岭上伏卧的巨龙，时隐时现，正欲腾飞。长城高大坚固，它是由巨大的条石和城砖筑成的，是古代重要的军事防御关口。

让我们登上长城看看吧。这里的城砖十分平坦，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。

关于长城还有一个传说：相传秦始皇时劳役繁重，青年男女范杞梁，孟姜女新婚三天，新郎就被迫出发修长城，不久因饥寒劳累而死，尸骨被埋在长城脚下。孟姜女历尽艰辛，万里寻夫来到长城脚下，得到的却是丈夫的噩耗，她在长城脚下大哭了三天三夜不止。长城为此迸裂，露出范杞梁的尸骸，孟姜女绝望之中投海而死。从此山海关被认为是孟姜女哭长城之地，并修建了孟姜女路等。

各位游客，下面可以自由活动，注意不要乱扔果皮纸屑，不要在城墙上乱涂乱画，要注意安全。

亲爱的游客们，大家好!我是天马旅行社的解新跃，今天我带大家去游览江南长城。

江南长城是我国古代文化的象征，大家在游览的时候注意文明，不要乱扔垃圾，自觉地维护景区的整洁。

大家抬头看，雄伟壮观的江南长城就在我们面前。江南长城位于拥有悠久历史的临海古镇，为国家4A级旅游区(点)。它原长6000余米，现只存5000米，它矫若巨龙，东起揽胜门，沿北固山山脊蜿蜒至烟霞阁，于山岩陡峭间直抵灵江东岸，依山就势，俯视大江，气势磅礴，又称“江南八达岭”。古城墙两侧，古木参天，常年苍翠，城墙掩映在青绿丛中，更增添了一分江南的婉约和灵秀。

游客们，现在我带大家一起登上人称“江南八达岭”临海古长城。史载，明朝名将戚继光在临海八年期间，与知府谭纶整修临海古城墙，创造性地修筑了十三座二层空心敌台，遗存之今，其在规格、形制、构造上与北京古长城相似，是北京古长城。大家一边走，一边可以观赏一下长城的建筑特色。

江南长城在历史上最主要的作用是御敌。明朝戚家军以临海古城为据点，加强闽浙沿海守防，屡败倭寇九战九捷，洗雪国耻，扬眉吐气，大振国威。除了御敌的功能之外，它还有一个十分重要的作用，就是防洪的功能。城墙有三分之一的长度是沿着灵江修筑，台州府城正位于灵江入海近处，江水与潮水相碰，水位升高，时常漫上城来。城墙有如大堤，千余年来抗击着洪水的冲击。

游客们，在这呢，告诉大家一个好消息，临海市每年都会举办“江南长城节”，期间将有美食款待大家，欢迎大家光临。今天我就为大家讲解到这里，祝大家有个愉快的旅途，谢谢!

长城英文导游词

dear visitors:

hello everybody! now our automobile is going on the badaling highway,must enter the badaling scenic area immediately which soon visits.front that mountain is the jundu, the badaling great wall occupies onthis mountain. in the spring and autumn period warring states time,our country ancient times the people on already started to constructthe great wall, at that time the feudal lord strove for hegemony, inorder to protect own territory not to encroach, therefore hasconstructed the great wall in abundance in respective boundary, wascalled mutually guards against the great wall.

but our country once appeared three to construct the great wall thepeak, respectively was the qin great wall, the chinese great wall,bright great wall. chin shihhuang in 221 b.c. unified area south ofyellow river, has established the qin dynasty, in order to strengthenthe rule north, defends nomads invasion, therefore will send thesenior general to hoodwink 恬 300,000 armies and very many laborforces the original north swallow, zhao, the qin great wall haslinked, and performed to expand, the lasted 9 years constructed westnear 洮 east to be continuous wan li to liaodong the great wall, thisalso will be in the chinese history the together great wall. to thehan dynasty, martial emperor of han dynasty also was for strengthenthe defense, "was not called hu madu the yin", has constructed anearly 20,000 mile great wall, simultaneously this also has protectedthe new development silk road, the chinese great wall is the qin greatwall together the front position and the defense line, west itxinjiang, east arrived liaodong, was in the chinese history constructsthe great wall longest dynasty. but the bright great wall is in thechinese history constructs the great wall the high point, the projectis big, essence of the technical is unique. same year zhu yuanzhangestablished ming dynasty in the unification nation in the process, hasaccepted "gao zhuqiang, guang jiliang, slow name king" suggestion. atthat time yuan dynasty although already perished, but also ismaintaining the quite complete military power, in addition graduallyrises nuzhen races unceasing invasion, therefore starts to constructthe great wall. the ming dynasty large-scale constructed the greatwall to achieve 18 were next many, only then basically has last yearsfinished to the ming dynasty, east nearby liaoning dandong yalurivers hushan, west to gansu jiayuguans bright great wall span 6,350kilometers. the bright great wall has three characteristics, buildsthe construction completely, manages the consummation, the layout isstrict. but we saw today the badaling great wall is a bright greatwalls part. but great wall in our country ancient times mostprimitive goal although is the defense, but at the same time it alsoplayed other roles. first is the military function, the second pieceis the economical function, it not only promoted the development andthe northern border economy development which opens up wasteland,moreover also is the area south of yellow river common people enjoys agood and prosperous life, third promoted various nationalitiesfusion. in addition, it has also protected the communication andpromoted the to foreign countries opening up. what is worthmentioning, in our country ancient times, not only only has thesethree time constructs the great wall the experience, according to thestatistics, in about in , successively some more than 20 feudallords country and the feudal dynasty all has constructed the greatwall, some people have made the sketchy computation, if the great wallwill rebuild together the height 5 meters, the depth 1 meter big wall,will many circle the earth 10 many all to have the wealth. famousfolklore: the beacon-fire play feudal lord and meng jiangnyu cry greatwall also is occurs in the great wall. now, the great wall afterpasses through several time repairs and maintains, basically restoredthe former appearance, is included in 1987 by the united nationseducational, scientific and cultural organization "world cultureinheritance name list", moreover it or now in world longest defensivecity wall! proliferated the our country 16 areas, the span hasachieved 10. 80,000 miles.

we passed through a moment ago the road, took place in yu guangou.guan gou is the mt. yanshan sierra and jundu sierra junction meetingplace, south changping area nankouzhen, northwest to yanqing countybadaling great walls area just outside the city gate, span 40 miles.is the area south of yellow river area leads to northwest plateau thepharynx and larynx important highway. the ming dynasty has arrangedfour defense lines in here, respectively is the nankou pass, occupiesthe commonplace pass, on closes, badaling. folds on the green jademountain in guan gouzhong, once had jin dynasty famous yanjing one ofeight scenery: occupies commonplace folds the green jade, what a pitynow the landscape already no longer existed.

we saw a moment ago that railroad was designs the construction by ourchinese the first railroad, designs peking-kalgan line by zhantianyou. because badaling area topography complex, the technicaldifficulty are very many, therefore zhan tianyou designs the personfont railroad, the success solved the train not to be able directly toclimb and the curve difficult problem, but made a connection longreaches 1,091 meters tunnels also to sigh the chinese and foreignpublic figure the clothing. now the bronze statue which sets up in theblack dragon bridge train station is zhan tianyou, but also has themonument.

closes the ditch because of to occupy the commonplace pass but to befamous, we may see front the grand construction occupies thecommonplace pass, its name origins from the qin dynasty, to chinshihhuang moves "the commonplace person" in here to live thereforeacquires fame. in the area inside the great wall, some famous whitemarble shitai, it is yuan dai as soon as has sat the streettower, above originally has three tibet type pagoda, destroyed in theafterwards earthquake. the ming dynasty in the original position ] hasestablished the taian temple, but has been destroyed in the kangxidynasty, only leaves behind now us to see the column foundation andlooks the column. baiyu shitaithe area has 310 square meter under ticket gate onto engrave has the lion, the elephant, the weird creature, relief andso on jin chiniao, separately represented the buddhism dense ancestor fivesides five buddhas place to ride, but also had tianlongbabu toprotect buddhist law the deity the relief. on the endophragm also hadthe four great heavenly gods relief and the god beastly design, theticket goes against also covers entirely daturas pattern, in theflower has engraved has the image of buddha, altogether 2,215. alsosome six kind of languages engrave "tuoluonepal after incantation" and "make towermerit to record", these all are yuan dai artistic high-quality goods,has the very high artistic value.

the badaling great wall is in the bright great walls outstandingrepresentative, because here extends in all directions, thereforebecomes badaling. possibly everybody can ask that, why has to speakthe great wall to construct in here? actually this mainly is becauseof the badaling area important geographical position. it not only isguarding the bright imperial tomb, moreover also is beijingsnorthwest front door.

the badaling great wall is in the history many significant eventstestimonies, for example the dreary queen mother patrols good fortune, yuan taizuenters the pass, west empress dowager cixi runs away and so on,badaling all is after all the road. speaks of here, but also somestory must say for everybody: is located closes the east end gateroadside, some megalith, the fable the eight power expeditionary forceattacked into beijing in 1900, cixi runs away in the west on the waypasses through here, once stood in this stone other day looks thenational capital, therefore this stone on is also called looks thebeijing stone. but present this stone already not that highlighted.

some speech everybody certainly knew that, not to great wall non- realman. introduced a moment ago that many landscape, you are certainlyanxious want to arrive the scenic area to tour, does not use theworry, you also had to become the real man immediately. good, here isthe famous badaling great wall distant place is the grand scenery, butdownward looked is the great wall important constituent old man city,he generally all constructs on the strategic in position keycommunication line. between old man city two is distanced 63.9 meters,the west gate inscribed horizontal tablet: key to defense of thenorth, i already have said in front. the east gate inscribedhorizontal tablet is: occupies the commonplace outside town, themeaning occupies a commonplace outside the passes strategic place. nowwe looked to the right release that, is ascending chengkou the southside to exhibit a cannon, named: invincible might general. ischong zhen year the manufacture.

the badaling great wall has three two walls compositions, what isthree two walls? now lets me give everybody to explain, threerespectively are the tower on a city wall, the enemy tower, tower on acity wall structure is extremely simple, only is the officers andsoldiers which guards evades the cold the place. that enemy towerstructure relative wants complex somewhat, divides into two, the lowerlevel is by the field, the well, returns, and so on the glyphcomposes, the upper formation has the crenel and looks the hole isobserves the military situation and the archery uses, therefore herealso has defends enemys function.

under arrived the beacon tower, also is called the beacon-fire, wolfyantai. is disagrees the great wall connected independentconstruction. once the enemy attack, lights the beacon-firenotification military situation, the ancient rewards the smoke whichthe daytime lights to be called beacon-fire, the evening is called the flint.ming dynasty time, but also has made the strict stipulation to thebeacon-fire and enemys relations that, enemy hundred, burn a smokeartillery; five caucasians, burn two smoke two artillery; abovethousand people, three smoke three artillery; above 5,000 people, foursmoke four artillery; above ten thousand people, five smoke fiveartillery. on through this way, in the border pass military situationcan the rapid transmission palace wall imperial palace.

said three, under on said next two walls. the great wall flank tallwall is called 牒 the wall, has the crenel is uses for to defend theenemy. but the inside insufficient meter high is called the daughterwall, also is called the space wall. in most starts the great wallinside is does not have the daughter wall, but frequently some peoplecan fall down the cliff, therefore has constructed this wall. each notfar has a small drainage in the great wall lower part of wall place,rainy day time by spits the tap to outside to drain water, in order toavoid the water washes out the city wall. but inside great walls walluses the stone block to cast, outside builds the brick, again spreadsout the flagstone in above, thus causes the building to be extremelyreliable!