故宫博物院导游词重点写太和殿（精彩20篇）

尊敬的游客们大家好：

今天，将有我带领大家去故宫博物院游览。自我介绍一下，我叫张子晗，大家也可以叫我小张。

我先给大家简略介绍一下。故宫又名“紫禁城”曾经居住过24位皇帝，是明、清两代建造的。故宫坐南朝北，占地72万平方米，建筑占地15万平方米。故宫四面有10米的城墙，长961米，宽753米，还有3800米的护城河环绕。

“耳听为虚，眼见为实。”接下来就让我们来参观吧!这故宫以太和殿为主体，以左右对称的方法来装饰宫殿。中和殿还有一个灿烂夺目的宝顶呢!

哈哈!大家大概已经看到那些精美的图案。有动物的纹样如龙、凤、虎、狮、鸟、鱼、虫;有植物的纹样如荷、兰、竹、菊;还有生物的纹样呢!如电、雷、雨、雪等多种多样的图案和纹样壁画等。

你们知道什么东西最能表现古代帝王的权力呢?当然是玉玺啦!大家往这看明、清两代的四十九国宝，怎么样?精致吧!

今天，小张给大家的解说到此结束，大家可以根据个人喜好来参观，三小时后在故宫博物院后门集合，祝大家玩的愉快!

游客们，大家好，我是你们本次故宫浏览的导游——陈念之。大家如果有不懂的问题，请尽管问。在旅游前，请允许我提出几个进故宫应该注意的事项：

一、请不要抽烟。

二、请不要乱丢垃圾。

三、请不要随意离开队伍，以免掉队。

好，现在就开始游故宫吧!我先介绍一下故宫：故宫旧称“紫禁城”，始建于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元一四零六年到一四二零年。是明清两代的皇宫，封建皇朝的统治中心。紫禁城周长3400余米，城墙高10米，城墙下宽8。6米，上宽6。66米。大家走过护城河，就可以看到前朝的宫殿。前朝的宫殿以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿为中心。三大殿之后为内廷，有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫以及东西六宫。乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，其后的坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫。这三宫总称“后三宫”。我们可以在这儿多拍些照片，作为纪念。现在我们来到了故宫后面的御花园里。这里楼台亭阁，翠绿苍松，点缀着奇花异石，趣味盎然。远远望去，一重重黄色的琉璃瓦，一道道深红色的围墙，加上汉白玉栏杆和梁柱装饰，令人感到故宫规模宏伟，气象万千。

朋友们，本次浏览快要结束了，故宫欢迎大家下次光临!

Hello, everyone. Today we come to the famous world heritage is one of the imperial palace, it in landscape and contains 9000 rooms of furniture and handicraft product of large buildings, become Chinas Ming and qing dynasties era civilization priceless historical testimony.

First came to the hall of supreme harmony. The hall of supreme harmony commonly known as during which, in the center of the Forbidden City, is one of the three main halls of the imperial palace. The temple with gold QiMuZhu and delicate panlong sunk panel, "legitimate" plaque hanging on the end, words about heir to die before they slip into tablets. The middle is the symbol of the feudal imperial power, golden dragon throne carved lacquerware. The hall of supreme harmony Huang Wa eastward, glittering in the sun, is the imperial palace is one of the most spectacular architecture.

After visiting the hall of supreme harmony, came to zhonghe palace. Zhonghe palace is one of the three main halls of the imperial palace, located in the hall of supreme harmony. Flat square, yellow glazed tile, the corners of saving pointed to the middle gold-plated treasure of a roof. Form, an architectural.

Baohe Palace is one of the three main halls of the imperial palace, and behind the house. Flat rectangle, architectural decoration and coloured drawing or pattern is very fine.

Palace of heavenly purity the front Chambers in the Palace Museum. Once upon a time for the emperor kangxi to live here and handle affairs, after the qing yongzheng emperor had moved to yangxin dian, but still played in the reviews, appointed officials and summoned liegeman.

Look, this temple in the palace of heavenly purity and palace of earthly tranquility, intercourse and well-being happiness of heaven and earth. It was built in the Ming dynasty, is a pavilion in the four corners, gold-plated treasure top, longfeng grain square house. Ming and qing, the temple is the place where birthdays activities held by the queens birthday. Palace of earthly tranquility in the Forbidden City the most behind "Chambers". When Ming dynasty for the queens house. In the qing dynasty to the god. Its Middle East NuanGe wedding bridal chamber, for an emperor kangxi, managment, three emperor, were held in the wedding.

Again came to the echo wall, it is the peak of Chinese wooden structure, with only a wooden tenon knot, should support, full use wood had completed a stunning masterpiece. Another beautiful place, the temple of heaven is the echo of the wonderful. Stand in the center of the circular mound altar altar call a sound, you will hear from the depths of the formation of bright and dark echoes, the sound as if from the center of the earth, and seems to have come from the sky, so people for it took a full of mysterious name: "heavenly heart stone". The dome in emperor yu was surrounded by a thick about 0. 9 meters fence, you stood whispering the wall at one end, on the other side of the people as long as abnormal ears stick metope can hear clear, and there is a stereo effect, this is the "echo chamber", it can prove that, 500 years ago, the Chinese have been able to use acoustic principle.

The palace is a huge complex, I said also said not over, will please you go touring.

各位游客大家好，我是_____旅行社的导游员，我姓____，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，期望经过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下十分完美的印象，同时也期望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，此刻我们就开始今日的游览行程吧。

故宫占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙环绕，还有宽52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永乐四年，也就是1406年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段，第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料，而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年，1417年六月开始动工兴建，历时14年，在永乐十八年，1420年完工。在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的，布局规划遵循了《周礼考工计》的都城设计礼制：前朝后寝，左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分，南半部位前朝，北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心，外东路、外西路的建筑为主，是皇帝处理

日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的：在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙，西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体，所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中，成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。此刻在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线，被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线，全长8.5公里，南起永定门，北到钟楼，其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉，线上的景山是内城的中心点，也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自我居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。并且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以那里也被叫做紫禁城。那里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上头有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，那里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后能够从那里入宫，科考三甲也能够从那里入宫;平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门;掖门仅有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别经过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖

门才能够入宫;在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中经过。

进入午门，我们首先看到的就是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边还有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门，就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫，都要在太和门换车，并且皇帝大婚的时候，皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事：在光绪皇帝大婚前夕，太和门突然被火烧毁了，可是大婚当天皇后要从那里经过，所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠，连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门，才使得婚礼如期进行，而在第二年，太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场，它面积有3万多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

此刻我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了，它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上，台基南北长230米，高8.13米，在四周围还建有一些楼阁，其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑，面积有2377平方米，通高35.05米，面阔11间，进深5间。其实在明朝奉天殿的时候，那里市面阔9间，进深5间的大殿，到了清朝年间，将它改为了此刻的大小，其实在两侧的夹室是封闭的，不能作为正殿使用，所以实际上还市面阔9间，进深5间，同时，也将它改名为太和殿。太和二字出自于《周易》中的：“保合大和”，而太和的观念是上古天人和一观念的延伸，强调了君臣之间，人与自然之间还有个民族之间的和谐。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻，往下还有11个垂脊兽，在我国古代，异兽的数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。在殿内有72根大住支撑，当中的六根是沥粉贴金云龙图案的金柱，上头支撑了藻井，再藻井当中雕刻有蟠龙，龙口中衔有轩辕镜。轩辕二字出自于我国古代天文学中的轩辕星，意思就是轩辕黄帝之星，也是掌管雷雨之星，在殿顶上建有藻井，一是为了代表当朝的皇帝才是中华民族的正统继承人，第二则是起到了镇火的作用。

殿内的陈设也十分的多。金銮宝座是明代的遗物，清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁复辟的时候，以往将它换成了一个中西合璧，不伦不类类似沙发的座椅，解放以后，专家们在家具库中发现了原先的宝座，经过一年多的整修，最终恢复了它本来的面貌。

殿内的地平床高6尺多，上头设有屏风，宝座等，在台面上还有香亭、仙鹤等等。在皇帝上朝的时候，就要点燃檀香，烘托出一种神秘的气氛。殿中有一只象，身上驼着宝瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地，稳如泰山，象征社会和政权的稳固。称为太平有象。角端，是传说中的一种神兽，象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人认为是一种长寿鸟，象征着江山长存。香亭是从香炉演变而来的，放在殿中，象征着国家安定。

大家好!我是你们的向导，我姓x名，叫我x导好了。现在我将带领你们游览故宫，欣赏我国的文化遗产。

故宫为我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时不应该乱丢垃圾，也不要随地吐痰。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动是，皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

这样气魄雄伟的工程，凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗与智慧呀!

各位客大家好：

我是你们的导游陈佳琪，大家可以叫我小陈就行了接下来的几天中就由我来为大家一起来游览北京故宫博物院的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京留下一个好印象，同时也对我的工作提出宝贵意见，好，接下来我们就开始今天的旅行吧!

故宫是明、清朝时的皇宫，也是当今世界规模最大建筑最雄伟，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫金城。子进程是中国五个世纪以来最高权力中心，他以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国物价历史的见证，1987年，北京故宫被联合国列入[ 世界遗产名录]。

故宫坐北朝南，开有四条门。各位朋友，这里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看，在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座城楼，从上面看就像物质展翅飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。各位旅客请在这里留影吧!

好啦!现在大家自由活动，晚上六点在故宫门前集合，祝大家有玩开心。

不知为什么，时间过的那么快，车子就驶到了故宫博物馆门口。我带着紧张而又兴奋的心情步入了大门。故宫内的大殿大都是红墙黄瓦，里面的装潢典雅端庄，充满了皇室风格。据说故宫里有9000多间房，而且全都是由木条一块一块拼成的，没有一个钉子，难以想象这样一座雄伟的宫殿只用了20xx年就完工。故宫内最吸引人的要算“三大殿”，保和殿殿，太和殿，中和殿。我们先来到保和殿，我挤进人群，透过玻璃我看到那些皇帝的日用品早已没有往日的辉煌，那些陈旧的一切都仿佛在述说一个个真实古老的故事。向前走，一个很不起眼的小宫殿，没错，那就是“中和殿”，皇帝上朝时更衣的地方。

接着又来到了“太和殿”，这里便是皇帝上朝的地方，它建在高八米的汉白玉台基上，屋顶上雕刻着12只珍禽异兽，大殿内一把象征了至高无上的龙椅，端端正正的摆在中间，形象的表现了皇帝天下独尊的磅礴气势。故宫里除了各种用途的宫殿，连地上的砖块也有一些秘密，听说地上的砖块雕刻着999种人物和植物，还有不少的历史故事呢。快乐的时间总是短暂的，当我依依不舍的离开故宫时，我想故宫是古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，我们一定要好好爱护，我们更要好好学习用我们的智慧给我们的后人带来财富。

大家好！我是你们的导游—田导游。今天我会带大家参观国家五A级景区—北京故宫。

北京故宫旧称紫禁城。紫禁城面积约为七十二万平方米，建筑面积约为十五万平方米。有大小宫殿七十多座，房屋有九千余间，是世界上面积最大的木质建筑之一呢。紫禁城由一四零六年开始建造，到一四二零建成，共十六年才建成。

我们现在来到的是寿康宫，位于内廷外西路，慈宁宫西侧。寿康宫为清代太皇太后，皇太后居住，太妃居于此，皇帝每隔两三日到此行问安礼。

接下来请大家跟着我到太和殿。太和殿又称金銮殿，在故宫的中心位置，是故宫三大殿之一。太和殿建在高约5米的汉白玉台基上面。台基四周矗立着成排的雕栏称为望柱，柱头头上雕刻着云龙云凤的图案，前后各有三座石阶，中间的石阶上雕有蟠龙，衬托着海浪和流云的“御路”。太和殿红墙黄瓦、朱楹金肩，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是中国最大的木构殿宇。

各位游客，这样气魄雄伟的建筑在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹，紫禁城已经被列入了《世界遗产名录》。接下的时间请大家自由观赏，六十分钟后在这里来集合。请各位旅客不要乱涂乱画，也不要乱丢垃圾。请各位家长朋友看好自己的小孩，不要让孩子攀爬假山、破坏文物，折断花草。

啊！没想到这么快就要与大家说再见了，如果有朋友还来参观北京故宫，下次还来找我哦！希望大家在回家的途中注意安全，再见！

Dear guests

Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception departments, I would like toextend a warm welcome to all the guests visiting Qufu, a famous city. I am veryglad to be accompanied by a tour guide. This is a good opportunity for us toenjoy and study together. Please leave your valuable comments after reading.

First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the history and culturalrelics of Qufu.

Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of Confucius,a great thinker, educator, politician, literature arranger and sage of the worldin ancient China, the hometown of Mencius, the birthplace of Xuanyuan YellowEmperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the capital of Yan Emperor, thehometown of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Lu. Four of the three emperors andfive emperors lived and worked here for more than 5000 years. There are abundanttreasures underground and numerous cultural relics on the ground. At present,there are 112 cultural relics, including UN protected units, 3 World CulturalHeritage sites, 4 national protected sites, 12 provincial protected sites, andothers protected at prefecture level.

The most important ones are "three Confucius, two temples and onemausoleum", "three mountains, two forests and one temple". Confucius Temple,Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest are commonly known as "three Confucius".There are temples dedicated to Zhou Gong, the sage of the Yuan Dynasty in China,and temples dedicated to Fusheng Yanhui, the first disciple of Confucius, whichare commonly known as "two temples"; Yiling is SHAOHAO mausoleum in Shouqiu, thebirthplace of Yellow Emperor; Sanshan; and Jiuxian mountain (also known asJiushan), the birthplace of Confucius. The second forest is: mengmulin, the bestmother to educate children in the world, lianggonglin, the burial place ofConfucius parents; "Yisi" is the place where Li Bai and Du Fu wrote poems,answered correctly and parted. The famous scholar Kong Shangren lived inseclusion in Shimen temple, the national garden.

Now lets look at the Confucius Temple.

Confucius Temple, also known as Zhisheng temple, is a place for offeringsacrifices to Confucius and his wife Qi Guan and 72 sages. Together with theForbidden City in Beijing and Chengde summer resort in Hebei, Confucius Templeis known as Chinas three major ancient architectural complexes. Experts saidfour words to Confucius Temple: the oldest, the most grand, the most completepreservation, and the most prominent Oriental architectural features. Twoproblems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: one is the great contribution ofConfucius to China and even the oriental culture; the other is that China hascraftsmen in history.

Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, the year after Confucius died. In theformer residence of Confucius, three temples were built to display Confuciusclothes, cars, books and so on. The Confucius Temple was expanded by emperors ofall dynasties, including 15 major repairs, 31 medium repairs and hundreds ofminor repairs, reaching the present scale. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace. It is divided into three layout, nine courtyards. It has 466houses and 54 gates and pavilions. It runs through a central axis from east towest. There are nearly one thousand steles, covering an area of 327.5 mu, whichis two Li and 150 meters long. The Confucius Temple we see now is the scale ofthe Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocatedfunds for maintenance and protection for many times. The first batch of nationalkey cultural relic protection units announced by China were listed as worldcultural heritage in December 1994, and became cultural relic units protected bythe United Nations. Confucius Temple has been built for a long time, has a largescale, and is completely preserved, which is rare in the world.

Shinto. "Wanren palace wall" before the ancient cypress vigorous thissection of the road is "Shinto". In front of important temples, there is aspecial way of respecting and understanding, which is called "Shinto".

Wanren palace wall. This gate is the South Gate of Ming City in Qufu, andit is also the first gate of Confucius Temple. It is hung with the fourcharacters of "Wanren palace wall", which was written by Emperor Qianlong ofQing Dynasty. It comes from Zi Gong, the proud disciple of Confucius. At themeeting of the state of Lu, it was proposed that Zigongs knowledge was broadand profound, which could be compared with Confucius. Zigong stood upimmediately and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Humanknowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one Ren high, and my teachers wall isseveral Ren high. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a shoulder high,clear at a glance, nothing profound; Confucius knowledge is several times asmuch as mine, after detailed research, comprehensive discussion, we canunderstand all of him, after entering the door, we can see the beauty of thetemple, you cant see it outside the door. In order to describe Confuciusprofound knowledge, later generations changed from the masters wall to "hundredRen" and "thousand Ren" to the emperor of Ming Dynasty who granted Confucius thetitle of "civil servant in the world, imperial teacher of all dynasties", andpraised Confucius knowledge as "ten thousand Ren". Looking up, we cant see thetop. It also said that the wall was very solid. These four words were originallywritten by the imperial envoy of Ming Dynasty. In order to show that he attachedgreat importance to Confucius, Qianlong replaced his imperial pen with hispersonal letter "Wanren palace wall".

Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang. This workshop was built in Ming Dynasty to expressConfucius exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process ofplaying music, which is complete from beginning to end. Ancient music beginswith the ringing of a bell, which starts with the sound of "the beginning oforder" and ends with the striking of a chime. The sound of "jade vibration" isthe sound of the falling of the chime, which is called "the end of order".Praising Confucius knowledge is a great achievement of the sages and sages, soit is called "the sound of gold and the sound of jade vibration". The sound of"golden sound" is the sound of the bell, which starts with the sound of "jadevibration" and ends with the sound of the chime. This is also the source of theidiom "start and finish". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was written by Hu zuanzong, agreat calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

"Two cypresses bear one hole". There is an ancient cypress in the East andwest of the single hole stone arch bridge passing yuzhenfang, so it is called"two cypresses bear one hole". This bridge is called "Panshui bridge", which isconnected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "panwater". In the past, when I read the book of Confucius and Mencius, I wasadmitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". Officials hope tobe promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life.

Dismount monument. Outside the temple wall, there are two stone tablets,the Xiama tablet and Xiajiao tablet, which were set up in 1191 ad. The stele inthe West had been destroyed, and the stele in the East said, "officials andpeople wait to get off here.". In the past, civil and military officials andcommon people passed by, dismounted and walked on foot to show respect forConfucius and Confucius Temple.

Lattice star gate. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1754 ad.it was made of wood instead of iron and stone. "Lingxingmen" was written byEmperor Qianlong. It is said that there are twenty-eight constellations in thesky. Among them, there is a star in charge of culture called "Lingxing", alsoknown as "Wenqu star" and "tianzhenxing". It connects Confucius with the star incharge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. Forexample, in the past, when worshiping heaven, we should first worship "Wenqustar". There is a saying that respecting Confucius is like respectingheaven.

Taihe Yuanqi square. This workshop was built in 1544 A.D. in the MingDynasty. It highly praises Confuciuss idea that "the space universe can nurtureall things.". "The harmony of heaven and earth, the harmony of the four sides,the harmony of yin and Yang" is the most basic thing, the harmony of theuniverse and the vitality of the human world. "Taihe Yuanqi" is written by ZengMian, governor of Shandong Province.

The most holy temple. The "Zhisheng Temple Square" built in the MingDynasty is made of white marble, decorated with flame jewels.

The world of moral Mou, the road crown ancient and modern. The East andwest of the Taoist temple are lined with a very strange memorial archway.Surrounded by wooden corner edges, there are a thousand heads and ten thousandcontinuations. There are eight monsters under it, which are called "Heavendragon and God lion". It is said that it is dignified and inspired, which candrive away evil and uphold justice. In the eastern memorial archway, it waswritten: "demou heaven and earth", saying that the benefits of Confucius ideasto human beings are as high as heaven and earth, and the merits and virtues canbe compared with heaven and earth. The memorial archway in the West reads"Daoguan ancient and modern", praising Confucius thoughts and methods, whichare the highest in the world.

Holy time gate. The three gates are parallel, the four platforms are thesame as above, and the central Panlong. The name of this gate comes fromMencius. For the four ancient sages, Boyi, Yiyin, liuxiahui and Confucius,Mencius summed up the Four Saints holy deeds into four sentences: Boyi is thesage of the Qing Dynasty, Yiyin is the sage of the appointed, liuxiahui is thesage of the sum, and Confucius is the sage of the time. "Shengshi" highlypraises Confucius thought, advocates enduring, and is a sage suitable for thetimes. When the emperor came to Qufu to court Confucius, he had to kneel downthree times and knock nine times, and walk through the gate of holy time. WhenYan Shenggong was born, he opened the gate of holy time. All go fast, the gateis high.

Lets have a quick look at the gate. That is to say, Confucius knowledgeof "Five Classics and four books" means that those who learn first have culturefirst, and those who learn first have knowledge first. They compete to learn,and it is a pleasure to see first and read first.

Look up at the door. It was named after Yan Huis praise of Confucius. YanHui said that the teachers way is to raise the top and drill the bottom. PraiseConfucius for his lack of knowledge, which is called "Mi Gao". It is difficultto understand classical Chinese, which is called "Mi Jian". Gao is notunattainable, but can be learned through hard work. Yan Hui said, "the masterfollowed the rules and was good at attracting people. He learned from me inwriting and said that I was polite." My teacher is good at persuasion, teachingme culture and courtesy.

Han stone man. In the pavilion of yanggaomenli, there are two Han stonepeople with high historical value. One is the "Pavilion leader" (a localofficial of Han Dynasty), and the other is the pawn of the palace gate. They areall guards in front of the tomb of the king of Lu. The stone man is valued bythe ancient scholars of epigraphy, which is of great value to the study of HanDynasty clothing and writing.

Jinshui bridge, this bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front ofthe Forbidden City, is also called Jinshui bridge, also known as Bishui bridge,with three holes arranged in a row and green water rippling.

Hongdaomen. Crossing jinshuiqiao is the "hongdaomen" appointed by theemperor of Ming Dynasty, which means "people can promote Taoism, not Taoism" inthe Analects of Confucius. Confucius is an ordinary literati, why become asaint? Praise Confucius summed up the experience of sages, especially carryforward the Yao, Shun, Yu Tang, civil and military Zhou Gongs way. "To say thatpeople can command and create everything is to praise peoples subjectiveinitiative." There are two stone tablets under the Hongdao gate. The four edgedstone tablet in the East is the "history of Qufu", which records the history ofQufus evolution. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty and has high historicalvalue. In the west is the "epitaph of Mr. Chushi", which has high calligraphyvalue.

Big middle gate. Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in SongDynasty. It is called "Zhonghe gate", which means that problems can be solvedeasily with Confucius thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed as"the great gate of the middle", praising Confucius knowledge as a collection ofhuman knowledge. In the middle, it means "the right way of the world in themiddle, the theorem of the world in the middle". Those who leave the middle arenot the right way, but the evil way. That is to say, no left, no right, fair andjust, forward is the mean. There are two turrets at the East and West ends ofDazhong gate, which are used to guard the Confucius Temple.

Tongwenmen, four famous brands, Confucian temple. There are four monumentsin the middle gate. The tablet of Hongzhi in the west of the Ming Dynasty talksabout the ethics of the cardinal principles. On the right side of the Hongzhimonument is the "Confucian temple map" drawn by Li Dongyang, a talented man ofthe Ming Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is of high value.

Chenghua stele was erected by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua in MingDynasty. There are two situations that have attracted the attention ofcelebrities of all ages. First, Chenghua tablets regular script is wellwritten, standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highestevaluation of Confucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius.The highest evaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius ideas andmethods to eating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable fromthem. With Confucius principles and methods, one can make the best use of onestalents, materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that ifthere is Confucius way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius way,there will be no world. If there is anti Confucius way, there will be no world.Such as the inscription said: "I only have Confuciuss way, the world can not bewithout Yan, there is Confuciuss way, then the principle of justice and ethics,everything has its own place..., Confuciuss way in the world, such as cloth SuShu, peoples livelihood daily use can not be short of,... Born Confuciusvertical for the holy, lifes safety, benevolence and righteousness in theright, the rise of the teachers way, from travel 3000, to the holy is thenext."

Tongwenmen. The meaning of the word "human heart" is the same as that ofthe text. That is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a goodjob; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record theexperience of historical communication, and random writing will lead toconfusion. Tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.

Kuiwen Pavilion, originally a library, is a place for collecting booksgranted by the emperor. It was built in the second year of emperor Tianxi ofSong Dynasty (A.D. 1018), and was changed into "kuiwenge" when Jin Zhangzongrebuilt it. This unique and majestic building is entirely of wood structure,which is an isolated example in the construction of China building. Afterseveral earthquakes, kuiwenge was not destroyed. In the earthquake of Kangxi 5years in Qing Dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one out of ten remained,and kuiwenge remained motionless.". Li Dongyang, the Minister of the Ministry ofofficial in Ming Dynasty, wrote "kuiwenge Fu", praising the architecturalresearch value of kuiwenge. Its the stele at the east end of the corridor.

In front of the pavilion, the eastern and Western courtyards are called"zhaisu", which is a place for worshippers to fast and bathe. Dongyuan is theresidence of Yan Shenggong, where Kangxi and Qianlong spent their time to wash.The West courtyard is the shelter of the sacrificial staff. Kong zhaoxun, theseventy-one generation grandson of Confucius, inlaid more than 130 steles in thetemple for worshiping Confucius in the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties onthe wall of the courtyard, so xizhaisu is also known as the stele courtyard.

Thirteen stele pavilions. This is the sixth courtyard of the ConfuciusTemple. There are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were erected in Tang, song,Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents of the steles are the emperors,Imperial Envoys worship of Confucius, the posthumous title and evaluation ofConfucius. The records of the previous construction of the Confucius Temple arewritten in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and basiba languages. Eight in the South andfive in the north, so it is called thirteen stele pavilions. Because they areall steles approved by the emperor, they are also called imperial stelepavilions. The third and sixth pavilions in the front row from the East werebuilt in the Jin Dynasty and are rare buildings in China. All the steles arecalled "imperial steles". "Mian" is the mascot. It is said that the Dragon Kinghas nine sons, and it is the eighth son. It loves "Wen" and is good at carryingheavy loads. The stone tablet has heavy characters, which is suitable for itscharacteristics. The image should be the dragon head, turtle body, Eagle leg andsnake tail.

From the east to the north, the third Pavilion is a monument erected byEmperor Kangxi. Beijing Xishan stone by the Grand Canal, economic South andtransported here. Experts calculate that the monument weighs 130000 Jin. It wassplashed with water and frozen along the way from Jining. Sometimes it came overon the ice and only went to the land of lying cattle one day. Qufu originallyhad good stones, which should be transported from Beijing to show the emperorsattention to Confucius. There are two steles in the southeast and southwest ofthe courtyard, all of which are the records of the princes and ministers whobuilt temples and worshipped Confucius. The calligraphy value is very high.

There is one gate in the East and one in the west, Yucui gate in the Eastand Guande gate in the West. Commonly known as Donghuamen, xihuamen.

From here, the Confucius Temple is divided into three routes. The fivegates are Dacheng gate, Jinsheng gate on the left, Yuzhen gate on the right,Qisheng gate on the West and Chengsheng gate on the East. The architecturalstructure of dachengmen is "intertwined, intriguing". The center is inserted as"hook center", and the top of the left and right four corners is "bucket angle".The three characters of dachengmen were written by Emperor Yongzheng. PraiseConfucius is a collection of sages and sages, reached the supreme realm.

The first teacher planted juniper by hand. The tall and vigorous cypresstree on the left of Dacheng gate was planted by Confucius. According to records:Confucius cut three cypress trees here. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (A.D.1214), they were destroyed by fire. The trees withered and sprouted newbranches. There were "three withers and three glories", and there was a sayingthat "cypress trees were flourishing every day.". During the Wanli period of theMing Dynasty, Yang Guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five characters: "the firstteacher planted cypress by hand.".

Two long corridors. On both sides of the two equal rows of houses, a totalof 80, known as the "East and West veranda", is dedicated to 72 sages. Confuciusis known as a disciple of three thousand, 72 people who are proficient in sixarts, literature and martial arts, worshipped in the East and West. All theemperors of the past dynasties were entitled to the sages. Such as DongZhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Mingyang, Zhuge Liang, Kou Zhun, Yue Fei and so on. Bythe time of the Republic of China, there were 156. The last sage is Mr. LiangQichao. The original statues and tablets were changed to wooden tablets.Dongxiwu now displays a collection of Zhonggui stone carvings before the SongDynasty. The most precious national treasures of Zhou gongxunzi and batpracticing medicine are 22 stone inscriptions of Han and Wei dynasties. The"ritual stele", "Yiying stele", "Shichen stele", "Zhang Menglong stele" and "MiFu stele" with extremely high calligraphy value are rare treasures. There aremore than 100 pieces of "Han Dynasty stone carvings" on display in Xiwu. Theyare all well-known art treasures and precious materials for the study of Han,Wei and other historical and social life. There are 584 stone inscriptions ondisplay at the north end of the East veranda, which are the yuhonglou sutraswritten by Kong Jisu, the 69 generation grandson of Confucius.

Apricot altar. It was built in memory of Confucius lecture. Confucius wasteaching to his disciples on the platform under the big apricot tree. In 1018A.D. of Song Dynasty, Confucius had 45 generations

大家好，欢迎你们来北京的故宫玩!我姓周，你们就叫我小周吧!

我先给大家介绍故宫的大概情况。故宫位于北京市城中心，是明、清两代以来，保存最完整、规模最宏大的皇家宫殿。故宫也称紫禁城，1987年它还被列入为《世界遗产名录》呢!

诸位，这里就是故宫的正门，也叫午门。在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就像五只展翅欲飞的凤凰。也称五凤楼。

各位，现在我们已经进入故宫了。这是故宫的第一院落。我们眼前的是五座白玉石桥，他们象征五德：仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。

各位朋友，现在我们来看太和殿。太和殿是整座紫禁城中内级别最高的宫殿。只有皇帝举行盛大的典礼时才使用的。太和殿当时叫奉天殿，后来又改为太和殿。

各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿。在大殿后面匾额上有“无为”二字，那是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，为国家效力!

各位朋友，故宫的讲解到此结束，希望下次你们也能带着好朋友一起来细细游赏!

大家好!我是本次导游赵导，大家一定都听说过北京的故宫吧?没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧……

由天安门进入，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼，穿过午门，有广阔的大庭院，在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中，有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门，就进入了故宫的 “外朝”，故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，也称为“前朝”

。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事，听说它被天火焚毁过三次，也修好过三次，而且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫，绕过内廷，我们最后来到了御花园，御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来，会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。

游览故宫，可以从天安门进，也可以由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力，想要知识更广，大家就再细细去游赏吧!

女士们、先生们：

欢迎大家来到北京，北京是中国的首都，也是我国的四大古都之一。20__年奥运会的成功举办更使这座古老的城市为许多外国朋友所熟知。大家稍作休息，请允许我自我介绍一下。我是大家北京之行的地接导游员我的名字叫温辉辉，那在我身边的这位是我们的司机张师傅。我们将会竭尽全力为大家提供最优质的服务。像我一样热情好客的北京人将以他们最热情的方式欢迎世界各地发朋友来到北京。在北京期间我们将游览故宫、长城、颐和园等景点。希望古老而又时尚的北京会给大家留下一段美好的回忆。

在北京我们游览的第一个景点就是故宫。提起故宫大家首先会想到它是中国皇帝居住过的地方。但故宫的价值可不仅仅在于此。它更是我们中国历史、中国文化以及中国建筑的一个缩影。

故宫位于北京城的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。它是世界上显存最大、最完整的宫殿建筑群。至今约有六百年的历史，先后有24位皇帝在这里统治全国近500年。故宫又名紫禁城，那是因为在封建社会皇帝拥有最高的权利因此这个地方是禁止一般人进出。紫色是象征这北极星的颜色，这被认为是宇宙的中心所以又名紫禁城。

紫禁城的建筑布局是对称的分为前朝和内廷。前朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为主体是举行大殿、朝贺、筵宴行使权力的地方。其中太和殿是故宫中规模最大等级最高的建筑。皇帝登基及册立皇后等重大仪式都在此举行。内廷以乾清宫、交太殿和坤宁宫为主体，是皇帝的寝宫和处理日常政务的地方。坤宁宫以北是御花园，是皇帝及其家人游玩的地方。

新中国成立以来，故宫得到良好的维护。1961年，故宫被入世界文化遗产名录。如今的故宫已是中国最大文化珍藏品博物馆，收藏着几百万件珍贵文物。

现在我要问大家一个问题，故宫的房间是九千九百九十九间半吗?传说天宫的房间是一万间，人间的皇帝作为天帝的儿子，皇宫自然不能超过天宫，于是故宫便造了九千九百九十九间半。其实古代建筑是以“四柱一间”为标准的。经过古建筑专家实地调查统计，故宫所有的房间数量是8707，并非传说所言。

俗话说百闻不如一见，带着您满心的好奇让我们走进故宫，让我们感悟中国文化感受中国帝王的兴衰历史。

说道故宫，大家肯低昂想到得都是北京故宫，启示不用到北京也能看到故宫得，没错那就是沈阳故宫，沈阳故宫是我国仅存得两大宫殿建筑群之一，另外一个不用我多说大家应该都知道是哪一个了吧，沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，宫内建筑物保存完好。

现在大家就在沈阳故宫得门口，大家都看到了它得规模比占地72万平方米得北京故宫要小得多，但是，它在建筑上有自己得特色，这些就需要有颗朋友们自己去体会品味了，这里现在是沈阳最重要得游览点。

沈阳故宫建于1625年，是后金第一代汗努尔哈赤开始修筑。努尔哈赤死后，第二代汗皇太极继续修建成功。沈阳故宫得建筑布局可以分为三路。东路为清太祖努尔哈赤时期建造得大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗皇太极时期续建得大中阙，包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、启福宫等。西路则是乾隆时期增建得文溯阁、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等。乾隆时皇宫已在北京，但他有时也东巡回沈阳看看。

现在我们来到了沈阳故宫得东路，这里是很有特色得。大政殿居中，两旁分列十个亭子，称为十王亭。大政殿是一座八角重檐亭子建筑，正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿是用来举行大典，如颁布诏书，宣布队出征，迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等得地方。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，不过它得体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此，称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开得十座亭子。其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族得帐殿。这十一座亭子，就是十一座帐篷得化身。帐篷是可以流动、迁移得，而亭子就固定起来了。这也显示了少数民族文化得一个发展。崇政殿是沈阳故宫最重要得建筑，在中路，是皇太极日常临朝得地方。崇政殿北有一凤凰楼，三层，是当时盛京城内最高得建筑物。沈阳故宫博物馆所陈列得多半是旧皇宫遗留下来得宫廷文物。如努尔哈赤用过得剑，皇太极用过得腰刀和鹿角椅等。沈阳故宫博物馆陈列得艺术品也很丰富。在绘画陈列室里，有明、清两代一些大师得作品如清李鳟、金农、明文征明书画精品、陶瓷、雕刻、织乡、漆器等工艺品。

我得讲解就差不多，现在给大家一点时间自己去观赏一下，半个小时候我们在这里集合，谢谢大家得配合。

各位游客大家好，

我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家4A级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢，我们一齐来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。

沈阳故宫始建于公元1620xx年。先后经过三次大规模建设，构成了东、中、西三路格局。东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期，主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期，主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢，建于清乾隆年间，主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋，它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢，沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应，却又有着截然不一样的建筑风格。此刻呢我们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。

首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门，它俗称午门，也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方，也是清太宗皇太极理解群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清，皇宫的正门就是国门，所以称为大清门。还有一个传说，这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称，只是叫做大门。之后，皇太极改国号为大清，听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门，于是为了体现针锋相对，就将此门命名为大清门。

我们穿过大清门，此刻正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。

我们能够看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦，有去过北京故宫的朋友必须会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的，而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。

我们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷，和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。我们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸，那么大家明白它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧，他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”，是皇宫中重要的防火设施，象征缸中水多似海，能够镇火灾。

我们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文，我们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍，两边都是刺，加上圈和点，就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左，汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左，满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。

我们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额，是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下方呢是皇帝的宝座，据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙，再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子，正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。此刻崇政殿呢，我们就游览到那里。

眼前的雄伟建筑呢，就是凤凰楼。它建在3。8米高的青砖台基上，为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢，是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅仅是当时后宫的正门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓日”之称，并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就能够看到抚顺城呢。

穿过凤凰楼呢我们来到了一处院落，此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。我们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。我们能够看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋，所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室，各有火炕又称龙床。1643年，皇太极就在那里‘端坐无疾而终’，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢，设有两口大锅，它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下，这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵，如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动，则表示神灵不满意，则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头，满族人认为此时的猪已经通神，成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净，切成大块，放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟，那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用，然后再分给参加祭祀的人们，称为“吃福肉”，满族人相信吃了福肉，福气就会降临到每个人的身上。

那么我们此刻来到西一侧的房间，西侧呢三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，称为“万字炕”，那里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处，也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。

清宁宫与汉族建筑不一样的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后，而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会我们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房，万字炕，烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。

我们出了清宁宫呢，大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是：关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们下方逐一参观。

关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女，永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁，但皇太极却对海兰珠有着很深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝，终日郁郁寡欢，在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年，皇太极也去世了，据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。

这是衍庆宫，是皇太极淑妃的寝宫，其女，被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻

这是麟趾宫，是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫，其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。

我们最之后看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响，庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃，被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女，关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能，辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年，庄妃病逝，享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。

大家看，在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆，木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问，为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时，曾绝望的躺在地上，这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地，认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的，就这样满族的祖先得救了。之后满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德，开始供奉乌鸦，祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。

此刻呢，我们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱，也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?……对一共有十一层，我告诉大家在十一层上方还有三块砖。那么这怎样讲哪?问大家一个小问题：清朝有多少位皇帝，又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。

好了，朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到那里，期望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。此刻大家能够自由活动30分钟，30分钟之后，我们在正门集合。

それでは、故宮博物院をご案内いたします。

天安門をくぐり、300メートル進むと、古い建築群があります。これこそ世界に有名な「故宮博物院」です。故宮は今まですでに600年近くの歴史があります。明代の永楽4年(1406年)に工事にかかり、14年間を費やして永楽18年(1420年)にできあがったのです。主な三大殿は初めのうち奉天殿(ほうてんでん)、華蓋殿(かがいでん)、謹身殿(きんしんでん)と名づけられましたが、清代の嘉靖11年(1562年)皇極殿(こうきょくでん)、中極殿(ちゅうきょくでん)と建極殿(けんきょくでん)と改名されました。

現在の太和(たいわ)、中和(ちゅうわ)、保和(ほうわ)という名は清代の順治年間(1645年)から使われてきたものです。600年に渡る長い歴史の中で故宮は地震や雷による災害などで、何度も破壊され、そのつど修復や立て直しが行われましたが、今もだいたい明代の風格をたもっています。14年の歳月と20万人の労働力によって1420年に完成して以来、最後の皇帝溥儀(ふぎ)まで、明と清の両時代の皇帝24人の居城となり、宮廷が置かれていて、紫禁城とも呼ばれています。紫(むらさき)というのは紫宮(しきゅう)ということですが、紫宮とは天の中央にある星で、天の神のいるところと昔の中国の人は思っていました(実は北極星を指しています)。それで皇帝が自分の宮殿に紫禁城(しきんじょう)と名づけたのも、皇帝は天の神のいるところに生きているという意味なのです。「禁」は一般の人が近寄ることを禁止する意味です。

紫禁城の敷地(しきち)面積は712ヘクタール、南北の奥行きは960メートル、東西の幅は750メートルで、周囲は高さ10メートルの城壁で囲まれています。城壁の外側には幅52メートルの堀があり、俗に「筒子河(トンズホ)」と呼ばれています。つまり筒(つつ)のように丸く一周する堀という意味です。建築面積は16.5万平方メートル、700あまりの建築物と約9000の部屋があります。これは柱と柱の間を1間(ひとま)と数えています。我が国では現在完全に保存されている最大の古い建築物です。

故宮は主に「前朝(ぜんちょう)」と「内廷(ないてい)」に分かれています。歴代の皇帝が儀式や祝典など対外的な政務を取り仕切ったところが前朝で、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿の三殿を中心とした公(おおやけ)の場です。「内廷」は乾清宮(けんせいきゅう)、交泰殿(こうたいでん)、坤寧宮(こんねいきゅう)及び御花園(ぎょかえん)を中心として両側に東西六宮などの宮殿が立ち並んでいます。皇帝と皇后、妃、王子(おうじ)たちの日常生活の場所でした。伝統劇の中での「三宮六院」(さんきゅうろくいん)という言葉はこの内廷に由来しています。

故宮で開放されている地域は5つの見学コースに分けられます。それは「中路見学コース」、「外東路見学コース」、「東路見学コース」、「内西路見学コース」、「外西路見学コース」です。

「中路見学コース」とは故宮の中軸線に沿って「午門」(ごもん)からずっと「神武門」(じんぶもん)までの見学コースで、有名な「前三殿(ぜんさんでん)」つまり、前の部分にある太和殿、中和殿、保和殿の3つ宮殿と、「後三宮(ごさんきゅう)」後ろの部分に位置する乾清宮、交泰宮、坤寧宮がこの見学コースにあります、いずれも当時の紫禁城の最も重要で、豊かな歴史文化の意義を持つ建築です、従ってこの「中路見学コース」は、今日の故宮見学の中でも主なコースとなっています。

「外東路見学コース」、「東路見学コース」、「西路見学コース」は故宮の中軸線の両側を歩くコースで、それぞれ「西六宮」、「東六宮」などが見学できます、これらの建物の中では、当時の妃、嬪(ひん)(妃よりも地位の低い宮女)らが生活しており、興味深い数多くの後宮(こうきゅう)物語がこれらの建物とともに広く伝えられています。

これから見学しながら少しずつご紹介します。まず一番重要な中路見学コースです。

欢迎你来到北京故宫!这里又称紫禁城，是明朝两代的皇宫，为我国现在最大最富贵的古建筑群，面积达15500平方米，房屋9000多间。故宫四周围有10米高的城墙，墙外四角各有一座华丽奇特的角楼。

Welcome you to Beijings Forbidden City! Also called the Forbidden City, here are two generations of the Ming dynasty in the imperial palace, for our country is now the largest and most prosperous of ancient architectural complexes, an area of 15500 square meters, more than 9000 houses. Around the Forbidden City has 10 meters high walls, corners of the wall have a magnificent strange watchtower.

从午门进入紫禁城，然后沿着中轴线依次参观内金水桥，太和门，太和殿，中和殿，乾明宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，御花园。参观完御花园，可以通过御花园左侧的门进入东六宫依次参观储秀宫，翎坤宫，永寿宫，咸福宫，长寿宫，太极殿，然后出内右门回到乾明广场，东行进入内左门，可依次参观延禧宫，永和宫，景阳宫，乘乾宫。参观完东六宫可沿东长庆门，然后再进入皇极门，可以参观皇极殿，宁寿宫，扮戏楼，畅音阁，养性殿，乾隆花园，贞妃井，最后出贞顺门西行出神武门就可以离开故宫了。

From the meridian gate to enter the Forbidden City, and then along the central axis, in turn, to visit the jinshui bridge, the gate, taihe palace, zhonghe palace, Ming palace, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility, the imperial garden. Visiting the imperial garden, can pass to the left of the garden door into the east sixth in turn to visit the palace of gathering excellence, yi kun palace, YongShou palace, salty fu palace, longevity palace, tai chi temple, and then the right door to dry bright square, east into the inside the left door, can, in turn, to visit the jubilee palace, yonghe palace, palace, sunell group by the palace. Visiting the east sixth changqing gate along the east, and then enter the emperor extremely door, can visit Huangji Palace, tranquility and palace, actors floor, chang pavilion, temple raises a gender, the qianlong garden, zhen princess well, finally a zhen shun the west door the creature can leave the palace door.

今天我能给你们当导游我感到非常荣幸，我跟着大家一起游览了美丽的北京故宫，高兴的度过了一天。希望你们再来北京故宫的时候再请我当导游，我会更好地讲解美丽的故宫的。

Today I can give you when I feel very honored to guide, I followed all of you to visit the beautiful Beijing the imperial palace, spent a happy day. I hope you come back to Beijing the imperial palace please when I when the tour guide, I can better explain the beautiful palace.

各位游客：

大家好!

我是这次旅游的导游，我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫参观旅游，希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿——故宫了。大家看这个四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门，也就是故宫的正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四门的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72跟大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。我再给大家介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿，他是明代皇子读书。乾清门是故宫外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过还珠格格这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整，气魄雄伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐都属于无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫的环境。

各位来自世界各地的游客们，大家好!欢迎来到故宫，我是来自河南油田的王导游，下面的时间就由我带大家去细细游赏美丽的故宫。

故宫是世界上保存最完好，规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。看，这是故宫朝南的正门，叫做午门。午门的下面有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两端的小门，地方上的诸侯只能使用两端最小的小门，一般的百姓连靠近故宫都不行，但是现在谁都可以进啦!

瞧!这个建筑叫太和门。是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这儿放着一对狮子，它强悍、威武、高大，代表着皇帝的威严。

正前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物，你们觉得它高吗?是的，它现在一点也不高，因为北京发展很快，高的建筑物比比皆是。

好了，我的讲解告一段落，大家自由游览，30分钟后在这儿集合。

Hi!女士们，先生们，欢迎来参加本次故宫的游览活动，我是小文，本次游览活动由我做大家的导游，请多关照。故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。

故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。朋友们，立在我们前面的就是故宫的正门叫午门，午门又称五凤楼。

它建成于公元1420xx年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。走进正午门，我们就到了故宫里面了，这是第一院落，前面那五座桥，叫汉白玉桥，它们象征五德：仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝五德齐全的意思。走过金水桥，就来到太和广场，这里是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。下面带大家去太和殿。各位朋友，我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用。

太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间，进深5间，规模为紫禁城内大殿之最。经过今天的介绍和参观，大家已经对故宫基本了解了吧，希望大家常来这儿玩。

大家好，我是小导游王子安，今天我要带大家一起参观闻名世界的故宫。

游客朋友们，我们已经来到了故宫，它又叫紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫。故宫总共有四个门，南边的是午门，北边的是神武门，东边的是东华门，西边的是西华门。

我们现在来到的地方是太和殿。它是故宫三大殿之首，建在五米高的汉白玉台基上。殿高36米，宽63米，面积2380平方米。大殿正中，两米高的台子是金漆雕龙宝座。清明两代皇帝即位、诞辰以及春节、冬至等庆典均在此举行。

继续向前走，就到了中和殿，皇帝有事去太和殿之前，到这休息，接受大臣的朝拜。

最后一站，我们来到了保和殿，它也是三大殿之一。清朝每年的除夕和元宵会在此宴请皇亲和大臣。

今天的旅行到此结束，谢谢大家。

亲爱的旅客朋友们，你们好!我是这次旅程的导游，我姓张，你们可以叫我张导，今天我们要去的地方是北京故宫。

现在我们在的位置是在故宫的门口，故宫位于北京市中心，也称紫禁城。这里曾居住过二十四个皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，现为故宫博物院。

现在请大家顺着我的右手往这边走，这里是故宫的宫殿建筑。你们知道吗?故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大的.最完整的古建筑群，总面积达九万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，被称为殿宇之海。这建筑群气魄宏伟，富丽堂皇，极为壮观，无论是平面布局还是立体效果，都是无与伦比的。现在大家可以在这里休息一下，拍下照片，过个30分钟再走。

好了，大家跟着我继续向前走。故宫由一条中轴贯通南北，这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿.后三宫.御花园都位于这条中轴线上，现在我们所在的位置是故宫的角楼，角楼建造精巧美观。角楼周围环绕着高10米，长3400米的宫墙，墙外有52米宽的护城河。大家仔细地看看。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!