故宫博物院导游词重点写太和殿（20篇）

大家好!欢迎大家来到故宫，很高兴能为大家服务，我是本次大家旅程的导游韩一铭，大家叫我韩导就行。今天由我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

现在，大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝，是明、清两代的皇宫，现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇，都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧!这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁，还分布着许多殿宇，也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线，就要去艺术珍品馆啦!故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等，收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计，有102653件，其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上，每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天，永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊，这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天，一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子，觉着笼子非常奇怪，就走过去看了看，一数，这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊!木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此，就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客，我们今天的游览马上就要结束了，对我今天的讲解，欢迎您提出意见和建议，我深表感谢。最后，祝大家玩得开心!谢谢!

故宫是一个规模很大的建筑物，共有九千九百九十间半房间。你们看，厉害吧?

我们首先参观了皇帝上早朝的地方——太和殿。在太和殿正中间是九龙至尊的龙椅。里面的物品全部都是用金子做的，豪华极了。在修建太和殿时，没有用到一跟钉，一根矛。全部是用木头穿插搭起来的。你们看古人，厉害吧?

参观完太和殿后，我们去参观了皇帝的寝宫——乾清宫。

乾清宫建于1420xx年，是明、清两代皇帝的寝宫。据说皇帝与皇后成亲的那天，是在乾清宫就寝的。在乾清宫的右边，摆着一张喜床。在喜床的周围贴满了“喜”字。说不定我们摸摸这个 “喜”字，可以沾一沾皇帝的福气呢!

我最喜欢的地方，要数皇帝的御花园了!为什么?因为皇的御花园里种满了许多美丽的花儿。有如霞似火的杜鹃花，娇媚迷人的红玫瑰，红艳艳的牡丹花，高洁淡雅的菊花，洁白如玉的玉兰花，清香四溢的茉莉花…清香四溢!在这美丽的花儿周围，种了许多树木。在花儿的衬托下，御花园增添了几分端庄和典雅。

随后，我们又参观了坤宁宫、养心殿等宫殿故宫的建筑凝聚了古代劳动人民的智慧，是汗水的结晶!

在这金碧辉煌的故宫里，使我收益无穷。故宫啊!我一定会把你的辉煌告诉人们的!

各位游客：

大家好。

我先简单的介绍一下故宫、故宫是世界上显存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群、故宫又叫紫禁城、它整座城池建成于公元1420年、位于天安门广场北侧、自故宫建成后先后有明清24位皇帝在此执政。

故宫平面呈长方形、南北长960米、东西宽750米、全面积72万平方米、整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕、城墙高10米、可谓是“城高池宽”。

故宫开四门、座北朝南、南门为午门、即正门、北门为神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门。

整个院落分为二大部分、即“前朝”和“后寝”、“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方、以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主、“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年子嗣们居住的地方、主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主、据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半、如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不同的房间、等他住遍所有的房间后已经是一个27岁的年轻人了。

接下来、我们将要参观的是午门、在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼、楼顶飞檐翅起、从上面看就像五只展翅欲飞的凤凰、故午门又称五凤楼、它位于端门之北、雄伟壮观。

午门在明代这里是举行献俘大典的地方、大家可能听说过“推出五门斩首”、这里虽是午门、但却不是砍头的地方、在明朝的时候、这里是廷杖之所。

进入故宫的院落、首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥、跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场、这里既是明代皇帝御门听证时百官待驾的地方。

接下来参观的是太和殿广场及太和殿、这里是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方、太和殿广场基本呈正方形、整个院落平坦宽阔、气势非凡。

太和殿坐落在八米多的汉白玉基座之上、庄严肃穆、在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙、那些小龙是传说中一种没有角的龙、他们是大殿的排水系统、每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔、即喷水孔、三层基座之上共设有小龙头1142个、每当下大雨的时候、雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出、非常壮观、为宫中一景、被称为“千龙吐水”。

太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑、只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用、象征皇权的至高无上、太和殿俗称金銮殿、是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作、太和殿始建于1420年、当时叫奉天殿、后来、改叫皇极殿、清顺治皇帝登基后、重修三大殿、并将皇极殿改为太和殿、意思是、宇宙间的一切关系都可以得到协调的意思、后来康熙年间又重修第二次、才有今天的规模、它是紫禁城内大殿之最、装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺、殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶、就连大殿上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的、总之出处显示“第一”、那是“老子天下第一”思想的体现、大殿内的陈设简单而又富丽堂皇、地上是“金砖漫地”、皇帝的九龙宝座位于二米高的楠木高台上、皇帝升座后、颇有居庙堂之高、君临天下之威风、宝座前陈设有宝象、仙鹤、香亭等物品、都取其美好的寓意、在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只乌龟和仙鹤、取之龟鹤延年之意、江山社稷万代相传、此外、还有日晷、嘉量、是古代的计时工具和计量器具、象征皇帝公正无私、对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看！中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅——保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场。

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

大家现在看到的是坤宁宫、坤宁宫是在紫禁城内居住的地方、坤宁即是像大地一样宁静、安忍不动、意思是说皇后是后宫之主、母仪天下、应该有大地一样安忍不动的胸怀、后来、自雍正皇帝开始坤宁宫西部改成了萨满教的祭祀场所、东部改为皇帝大婚的洞房、

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园——御花园，它位于北京故宫中轴线最北端、这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。整个花园呈长方形，占地虽然只有1。2万平方米，但却容纳了大小20多座不同风格的建筑。御花园以钦安殿为中心、中轴线上的唯一的一所宗教性建筑、

神武门是紫禁城的北门，明代曾叫玄武门，清代为了避讳康熙皇帝玄烨的“玄”字，改为神武门。神武门是皇家的报时台，原来门楼上设有钟鼓，每天早晨鸣钟，晚上击鼓，为在紫禁城居住的帝后们报时，此外皇帝外出巡幸也出此门。

好了，我们就先讲到这里、下面给大家2个小时自由参观的时间、大家要保护好自己的随身物品、保护好文化遗产、希望大家玩的愉快。

各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。现在，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即“后寝”。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

好啦，各位朋友，故宫中路的讲解到此结束。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

(东路)沿着后花园主路东行。从后门进入东路。在门前有一处影壁墙，又称照壁。个位仔细看墙上的图案。大家会发现上面所雕绘的图案为仙鹤，而非我们在电视中常见的北京故宫中的龙图案。这也是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的区别之四。步入沈阳故宫的东路。映入我们眼帘的是一座气势恢宏广场建筑群。其主要建筑有大正殿，十王亭，銮驾库，奏乐亭构成。我们先来看看广场正面的大正殿。远观大正殿形如一座亭子。他的建筑学名称是：八角重檐攒尖顶大木架结构建筑，清代俗称为“八角殿”。它既是整个宫殿群中最先完成的建筑，也是装饰艺术和使用制度方面最具特色者之一。殿顶最高处是五彩琉璃宝顶，由宝瓶、相轮、火焰宝珠等几个主要部分构成，并装饰着浮雕云龙，色彩斑斓，美丽吉祥，是吸收了佛塔塔刹的艺术特色而精心设计的。同样精彩的是。紧贴宝顶下部的八条垂脊上，各立有一个彩色琉璃烧制的胡人力士，深目高鼻、紧衣小帽，虽然姿态各异，但都好像是在用力牵引绳索加固宝顶，构思巧妙，仪态生动，十分精彩。大政殿的两层殿顶都用琉璃瓦覆盖，装饰在殿顶垂脊部位的行龙脊兽、檐下的斗拱彩画，也都以其富丽和别致的风格，烘托出这座大殿的庄严神圣。大政殿外观共有内外两圈三十二根红柱，最引人注目的是南侧殿门外两柱上的金龙，昂首探爪仿佛正欲争攫中间的火焰宝珠，形态栩栩如生，具有极强的装饰效果。在殿柱顶端的外侧，各有相貌威猛、非狮非牛的兽面。据说这是藏传佛教传说中的一种神兽，把它装饰在建筑上，既能带来吉祥又可体现统治者的威严。大政殿内檐柱间的八面，各装有六扇隔扇门而并无砖墙，门的上半部是“斧头眼”式的棂格，下部裙板中间则各镶有木雕的金漆团龙图案，更增添了殿体周围的美感。夏天时将门卸下形如凉亭，通风效果极佳。冬天时内生火盆市内温暖如夏。大政殿建筑在须弥座台基上。四面都设有石阶踏跺，正南殿门前的一组中间是石雕云龙陛路，是皇帝出入大殿的御路。这里的石雕栏板、望柱、抱鼓、石狮等，都带有明末清初东北地区民间的风格，朴实生动，清新自然，具有很高的艺术价值。大正殿共有八面，四处台基，寓意大金国四平八稳。

我们走上大正殿参观。大政殿内是不设天棚的“彻上露明造”装修。八根十余米高的彩绘金龙大柱直插殿顶。穹顶正中是圆形的木雕金漆降龙藻井，周围的天花彩画，靠里侧的是万福万寿万禄万喜八个篆书汉字图案。外侧的一圈则分为八组，每组由一个梵文字图案和四个龙凤图案构成。这些精美别致的天花装饰，既具有富贵祥和的气氛，又带有神圣的宗教色彩。与之相呼应的，还有殿内各个方向姿态各异的云龙和兽面、莲花、如意等木雕装饰，成为融合多民族艺术风格的壮美景观。在殿内挂有康熙皇帝手书的对联“神圣相承恍睹开国宏猷一心一德;子孙是守长怀绍庭永祚卜世卜年。”

大正殿在建成之初叫做“大衙门”。因为早期满语中并没有与“殿”相应的词，而是用从汉文中音译的“衙门”一词来形容它，所以把“大殿”称为“大衙门”。皇帝地就在大正殿内处理政务。在大正殿的两侧分别排列有十座小亭。这就是有名的“大正殿十王亭”。大政殿和十王亭不仅体现了当时满族国家的政治特色，在建筑布局和风格上还具有浓厚的民族特色。史书中记载，努尔哈赤、皇太极率领八旗军队外出驻扎时搭设的蒙古包式帷幄，有时就是皇帝用大一些的“黄幄”，而八旗贝勒大臣们则分别用排列在其前两侧的八座“青幄”，大政殿和十王亭的排布、瓦色、造型都与之十分接近。因此，人们也把这“一殿十亭”叫做“帐殿式”布局，视为带有游牧狩猎民族特点的宫殿建筑的典范。

说道故宫，大家肯低昂想到得都是北京故宫，启示不用到北京也能看到故宫得，没错那就是沈阳故宫，沈阳故宫是我国仅存得两大宫殿建筑群之一，另外一个不用我多说大家应该都知道是哪一个了吧，沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，宫内建筑物保存完好。

现在大家就在沈阳故宫得门口，大家都看到了它得规模比占地72万平方米得北京故宫要小得多，但是，它在建筑上有自己得特色，这些就需要有颗朋友们自己去体会品味了，这里现在是沈阳最重要得游览点。

沈阳故宫建于1625年，是后金第一代汗努尔哈赤开始修筑。努尔哈赤死后，第二代汗皇太极继续修建成功。沈阳故宫得建筑布局可以分为三路。东路为清太祖努尔哈赤时期建造得大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗皇太极时期续建得大中阙，包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、启福宫等。西路则是乾隆时期增建得文溯阁、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等。乾隆时皇宫已在北京，但他有时也东巡回沈阳看看。

现在我们来到了沈阳故宫得东路，这里是很有特色得。大政殿居中，两旁分列十个亭子，称为十王亭。大政殿是一座八角重檐亭子建筑，正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿是用来举行大典，如颁布诏书，宣布队出征，迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等得地方。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，不过它得体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此，称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开得十座亭子。其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族得帐殿。这十一座亭子，就是十一座帐篷得化身。帐篷是可以流动、迁移得，而亭子就固定起来了。这也显示了少数民族文化得一个发展。崇政殿是沈阳故宫最重要得建筑，在中路，是皇太极日常临朝得地方。崇政殿北有一凤凰楼，三层，是当时盛京城内最高得建筑物。沈阳故宫博物馆所陈列得多半是旧皇宫遗留下来得宫廷文物。如努尔哈赤用过得剑，皇太极用过得腰刀和鹿角椅等。沈阳故宫博物馆陈列得艺术品也很丰富。在绘画陈列室里，有明、清两代一些大师得作品如清李鳟、金农、明文征明书画精品、陶瓷、雕刻、织乡、漆器等工艺品。

我得讲解就差不多，现在给大家一点时间自己去观赏一下，半个小时候我们在这里集合，谢谢大家得配合。

我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家4A级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢，我们一齐来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。

沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年。先后经过三次大规模建设，构成了东、中、西三路格局。然后东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期，主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期，主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢，建于清乾隆年间，主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋，它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢，沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应，却又有着截然不一样的建筑风格。此刻呢我们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。

首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门，它俗称午门，也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方，也是清太宗皇太极理解群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清，皇宫的正门就是国门，所以称为大清门。还有一个传说，这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称，只是叫做大门。之后，皇太极改国号为大清，听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门，然后于是为了体现针锋相对，就将此门命名为大清门。

我们穿过大清门，此刻正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。

我们能够看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦，有去过北京故宫的朋友必须会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的，接下来是而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。

我们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷，和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。我们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸，那么大家明白它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧，他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”，是皇宫中重要的防火设施，象征缸中水多似海，能够镇火灾。

我们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文，我们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍，两边都是刺，加上圈和点，就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左，汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左，满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。

我们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额，是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下方呢是皇帝的宝座，据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙，再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子，正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。此刻崇政殿呢，我们就游览到那里。

眼前的雄伟建筑呢，就是凤凰楼。它建在3。8米高的青砖台基上，为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢，然后是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅仅是当时后宫的正门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓日”之称，并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就能够看到抚顺城呢。

穿过凤凰楼呢我们来到了一处院落，此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。我们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。然后我们能够看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋，所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室，各有火炕又称龙床。1643年，皇太极就在那里‘端坐无疾而终’，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢，设有两口大锅，它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下，这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵，如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动，则表示神灵不满意，则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。然后是那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头，满族人认为此时的猪已经通神，成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净，切成大块，放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟，那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用，然后再分给参加祭祀的人们，称为“吃福肉”，满族人相信吃了福肉，福气就会降临到每个人的身上。

那么我们此刻来到西一侧的房间，西侧呢三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，称为“万字炕”，那里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处，也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。

清宁宫与汉族建筑不一样的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后，而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会我们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房，万字炕，烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。

我们出了清宁宫呢，大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是：关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们下方逐一参观。

关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女，永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁，但皇太极却对海兰珠有着很深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝，终日郁郁寡欢，在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年，皇太极也去世了，据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。

这是衍庆宫，是皇太极淑妃的寝宫，其女，被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻

这是麟趾宫，是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫，其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。

我们最之后看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响，庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃，被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女，关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能，辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年，庄妃病逝，享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。

大家看，在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆，接下来木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问，为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时，曾绝望的躺在地上，这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地，认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的，就这样满族的祖先得救了。之后满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德，开始供奉乌鸦，祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。

此刻呢，我们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱，也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?然后是对一共有十一层，我告诉大家在十一层上方还有三块砖。那么这怎样讲哪?问大家一个小问题：清朝有多少位皇帝，又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。

好了，朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到那里，期望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。此刻大家能够自由活动30分钟，30分钟之后，我们在正门集合。

来自世界各地的游客们：

你们好!

欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自河北的袁导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1406年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变成富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

我们说完了北京故宫的历史，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门，四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

请大家快跟我来，这就是故宫的入口，也就是午门，最中间的一个门是皇帝走的，它左右两边的门是朝廷官员走的，最边上的两个门是地方官僚、学士以及百姓走的。

现在我们来到的是太和殿，大家可以看到蓝色金字的大匾，上面刻着“太和殿”三个字。太和殿是故宫的一个较大的殿，太和殿、中和殿以及保和殿都是从清朝“改名换姓”来的，具有很大的历史价值，不乏古味。大家可以看见中和殿和太和殿的通道栏杆上有好些石头雕刻的小狮子，你们知道这是干什么用的吗?告诉你们吧，是用来排水的。雨流到城墙顶上的低洼处，流进地上的小孔，经过管道的疏导，就能运到排水口处。其实中和殿和太和殿的整体结构差不多，只不过小了点。作文

现在出现在我们眼前的是保和殿，谁知道它是干什么的?哦，这位外国游客真聪明，连中国的名胜古迹都了解的清清楚楚。对了，这就是皇帝用来朝拜神灵的地方，门口的丹顶鹤和大香炉也是干这个用的。说到这里，我要提两个小问题：丹顶鹤是用什么铸成的，大香炉又是用什么做成的，请大家好好思考一下。好了，我就不再卖关子了，丹顶鹤是用铁铸成的，而大香炉则是用铜做成的。大家可千万不要摸它们，本来它们就已经老化了，您要是再动它们，它们就会被损坏了。

好，今天对于故宫三大殿的解说就到这里，明天我接着给大家介绍故宫的其他地方。

各位游客们：

大家好!我叫李雨霏，大家叫我李导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥，为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。

故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

大家好，欢迎来到故宫参观，我姓陈，您们叫我陈导就行了。我先给大家介绍一下故宫的概况，之后介绍太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清宫、和。故宫，又名紫禁城，是我国重要的历史保护文物，1987年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产”名录。

紫禁城的由来有两种说法，第一种是依照中国古代星象学说：北极星在中天，故宫正好对着北极星，天人对应;第二种是：因为故宫是紫色的，又是禁城，所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣开始营造这座宫殿，到明永乐十八年(1420年)落成。

在之后五百多年里，共有24位皇帝在那里生活居住。紫禁城周围有高10m的城墙和宽52m的护城河。城南北长961m，东西宽753m，占地面积达72万。

故宫建筑布局沿中轴线向两侧展开，宫殿建筑总面积达163，000。太和殿是皇上召集大臣上朝和商议国家大事的地方。自1420年建成后屡遭焚毁，又多次重建，这天看到的是清代康熙三十四年(1695年)重建的。太和殿建筑面积2377，相当于50个教室，高35.05m，相当于10层楼那么高，为紫禁城内规模最大的殿宇。

太和殿装饰十分豪华，殿内金砖铺地，设有宝座。说是金砖，但是金砖不是用金子做的，金砖是专供宫殿使用的一种高质量的铺地方砖，产自苏州、松江等地，选料精良，制作工艺复杂。因其质地坚细，敲起来发出金属般声音，故名金砖。太和殿前有宽阔的平台，称为丹陛，俗称月台。月台上陈设日晷、嘉量各一，铜龟、铜鹤各一对，铜鼎18座。大家往太和殿两侧看，是不是有很多个大水缸?它是干什么的呢，对了，是灭火的。大水缸的下面有一个凹槽，是因为冬天水会结冰，往凹槽里放火把就能不让水结冰。

太和殿是故宫里最总要重要的宫殿，许多历史决策都是从那里出去的。太和殿后是中和殿，是皇上上朝前休息的地方。保和殿位于中和殿后，是殿试的地方。考试的第一名叫状元，第二名称为磅眼，第三名是探花。不知皇帝端坐在上上面，考生是不是会紧张的发抖。皇帝把殿试安排在宫殿内，可见皇帝是多莫重视殿试。

故宫后半部分是皇帝和妃子们生活和居住的地方。乾清宫是后宫最大的宫殿，是皇上的寝宫。宫内宝座上方悬“正大光明”匾，据传皇帝把自己立的太子名字放在“正大光明”匾后，用这种方法确定皇位继承人，减少为争夺皇位自相惨杀。

坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫，它是唯一一座在中轴线上的妃子的寝宫，也是距离乾清宫最近的，体现了皇后在后宫中至高无上的地位，“一个成功男人的背后总有一个成功的女人”这句话在那里得到了印证。在坤宁宫前有个小的宫殿交泰殿，它是皇后在千秋节日收贺礼的地方。我们参观的只是中轴线上的重要宫殿，中轴线的.后面是御花园，两旁还有一些宫殿，前半部分是以太和殿为中心，后半部分是一些妃子和宫女的寝宫。此刻解说完毕，请大家自由参观。

各位游客们，大家好!，在繁华的沈阳古城中心，有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。那里就是我们这天的目的地――沈阳故宫。

依建筑时光和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。这天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1620xx年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

大政殿两侧南向，十王亭呈燕翅排列。错落有致，如众星拱月，南宽北狭，似无穷无尽，象征兵多将广，万世绵延。十王亭是清朝入关前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宫内办公的地方。它们与大政殿构成了一组亭子式的院落建筑，反映了满族独特的军政体制――八旗制度，这在中国的历史上堪称独步天下。远在努尔哈赤立国之初，凡遇军国大事都由汗王与八旗贝勒大臣共同讨论决定。努尔哈赤定都沈阳后，在修建宫殿时便将这种“君臣合署办公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表现了八旗制度和“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的政体及军事民主的思想。因而构成了大政殿、十五亭这组独特的建筑，为中国宫殿建筑史写下了空前的一页。

各位朋友，此刻我们来到了中路。从1620xx年皇太极继承汗位，即续建皇宫，构成沈阳故宫的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清门，后至清宁宫，院落三进，独成一体。大清门是沈阳故宫的正门，为皇帝临朝前，文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边，既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念，又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而构成了区别北京故宫的一个特点――宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。穿过大清门，北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。1635年，皇太极下令将族名‘女真”改为“满洲”。1636年皇太极在崇政殿登基称帝，上尊号“宽温仁圣”，将国号“金”改为“清”年号“天聪”改为“崇德”。

各位朋友，古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿，请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。穿过崇政殿两侧的左右翊门，举目可见位于3。8米高台之上的凤凰楼。楼后为帝后寝居的后宫――台上五宫。与崇政殿比较又构成了沈阳故宫不一样于北京故宫的特点――“宫高殿低”。而北京故宫则恰恰相反，是“殿高官低”。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所，是当年沈阳城的最高建筑，诗称“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周，万般景物尽收眼底，可饱览盛京全景，也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。凤凰楼门洞上方悬有“紫气东来”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔。而乾隆皇帝则是借用这个典故寓意大清的国运兴起于东方。

各位朋友，穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后，我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。

此刻请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫――清宁宫。清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”，是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室，二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九，皇太极在暖阁内驾崩，终年52岁，后葬于沈阳昭陵，即北陵。

清宁东次间开门，是典型的满族民居――口袋房，西四门南西北三面都设火炕，称“万字炕”。与汉族有所不一样的是，满族人将烟囱建在屋后，而且从地面向上垒起。这种“口袋房，万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上”的建筑特点具有浓郁的满族风格了。

各位朋友，此刻请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年，主要包括：戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。说起文溯阁，我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要，乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书，历经十余年时光编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部，所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后，抄录七部，在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏，沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。提起宫殿建筑，我们很容易想起“红墙绿瓦”、“金壁辉煌’这类词汇。而文溯阁却与众不一样，屋顶用黑琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，整个建筑以黑绿两色为主色调，这与它的用途是分不开的。文溯阁藏书忌火，依据五行字说立色配饰，装修取《易经》“北方壬癸水”其色属黑，因此屋顶用黑色琉璃瓦，寓意水从天降，消灭火灾。文溯阁外观为两层，内部实为三层，书架上的木盒称函匣，用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到那里，我们这天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的，布局却是一气呵成，完整和谐。个性是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”，从总体来看，沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起――兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位游客，我们这天的参观就要结束了，期望故宫之行能给您留下完美的回忆。

太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑、只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用、象征皇权的至高无上、太和殿俗称金銮殿、是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作、太和殿始建于1420年、当时叫奉天殿、后来、改叫皇极殿、清顺治皇帝登基后、重修三大殿、并将皇极殿改为太和殿、意思是、宇宙间的一切关系都可以得到协调的意思、后来康熙年间又重修第二次、才有今天的规模、它是紫禁城内大殿之最、装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺、殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶、就连大殿上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的、总之出处显示“第一”、那是“老子天下第一”思想的体现、

大殿内的陈设简单而又富丽堂皇、地上是“金砖漫地”、皇帝的九龙宝座位于二米高的楠木高台上、皇帝升座后、颇有居庙堂之高、君临天下之威风、宝座前陈设有宝象、仙鹤、香亭等物品、都取其美好的寓意、

在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只乌龟和仙鹤、取之龟鹤延年之意、江山社稷万代相传、此外、还有日晷、嘉量、是古代的计时工具和计量器具、象征皇帝公正无私、对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的、

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场。

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

大家现在看到的是坤宁宫、坤宁宫是在紫禁城内居住的地方、坤宁即是像大地一样宁静、安忍不动、意思是说皇后是后宫之主、母仪天下、应该有大地一样安忍不动的胸怀、后来、自雍正皇帝开始坤宁宫西部改成了萨满教的祭祀场所、东部改为皇帝大婚的洞房。

大家好!我是你们的导游，今天我们参观的是沈阳风景名胜之一的“沈阳故宫”

先来给你们介绍一下。沈阳故宫始建于1625年，是清朝入关前清太祖努尔哈赤、清太宗皇太极创建的皇宫。又称“盛京皇宫”。清朝入主中原后改为陪都宫殿和皇帝东巡行宫，现为沈阳故宫博物院。

沈阳故宫设在沈阳“井”字形大街的中心，分为三部分：东路为努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗时期建造的大中阙。西路是乾隆时期增建的文溯阁等。

现在就让我们从东路开始游览吧!

东路的大政殿是一座八角重檐亭式建筑。正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿用于举行大典。十王亭则是左右翼王和八旗大臣办事的地方。

各位游客，现在我们来到了中路。中路的大中阙包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、庄福宫等。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，全是木结构，五间九檀硬山式，辟有隔扇门，前后出廊，围以石雕的栏杆，此殿是清太宗日常临朝处理要务的地方。

各位游客，现在我们来到了西路。西路是以文溯阁为主体，前有戏台、扮戏房、嘉荫堂，后有仰熙斋、九间殿。文溯阁是六间二楼三层硬山式建筑，是专为存清代百科全书而建的。

沈阳故宫博物院不仅是古代宫殿建筑群，还收藏了大量宫廷文物。

好了，先说这些，请大家细细欣赏。故宫导游词故宫导游词作文

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模大、建筑雄伟、保存完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

故宫座北朝南，开有四条门。故宫的正门叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420xx年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。此外午门的门洞为明三暗五，就是说从南面看是有3个门洞，从北面看是5个门洞。

进入故宫首先出现在面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

故宫位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。是明、清两代的皇宫，无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首（北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫）。故宫始建于公元1406，1420年基本竣工，是明朝皇帝始建。故宫南北长961米，东西宽753米，面积约为725，000平方米。建筑面积15.5万平方米。相传故宫一共有9999.5间房子，实际据1973年专家现场测量故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。宫城周围环绕着高12米，长3400米的宫墙，形式为一长方形城池，墙外有52米宽的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。

午门是故宫博物院的正门。因古代的风水术士将方位分为24个，其中正南方为午位，此门位于正南方为午位，故称午门。

故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，也称为“前朝”。是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。

故宫太和殿位于北京故宫博物院，是故宫外廷三大殿中最大的一座，也是故宫中最大的宫殿。民间俗称“金銮殿”，位于故宫南北中轴线的显要位置。建于明永乐十八年（1420年）。清康熙三十四年（1695年）重建。殿高35.05米，面积2377平方米，共55间，72根大柱，是故宫中最高大的建筑。太和殿是举行大典的地方，明清两代皇帝登极、宣布即位诏书，皇帝大婚，册立皇后，命将出征，每年元旦、冬至、万寿（皇帝生日）等节日都要在此受百官的朝贺及赐宴。？明清两朝24个皇帝都在太和殿举行盛大典礼，如皇帝登极即位、皇帝大婚、册立皇后、命将出征，此外每年过大节，皇帝在此接受文武官员的朝贺，并向王公大臣赐宴。

中和殿，故宫外朝三大殿之一，位于紫禁城太和殿、保和殿之间。始建于明永乐十八年，明初称华盖殿，重修后改称中极殿，现天花内构件上仍遗留有明代“中极殿”墨迹。清顺治元年，改为中和殿。“中和”二字是说，凡事要做到不偏不倚，恰如其分才能使用各方关系得到和顺，其意在于宣扬“中庸之道”。

保和殿于明清两代用途不同，明代大典前皇帝常在此更衣，册立皇后，太子时，皇帝常在此受贺。清代每年除夕、正月十五，皇帝赐宴外藩、王公及一二品大臣，场面十分壮观。赐额驸之父、有官职家属宴及每科殿试等均于保和殿举行。每岁终，宗人府、吏部在保和殿填写宗室满、蒙、汉军以及各省汉职外藩世职黄册。

内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，东、西六宫、斋宫，后有御花园。是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。内廷东部的宁寿宫是当年乾隆皇帝退位后养老而修建。内廷西部有慈宁宫、寿安宫等。此外还有重华宫，北五所等建筑。

乾清宫是明清两代皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。它是后三宫之首，位于乾清门内。“乾”是“天”的意思，“清”是“透彻”的意思，一是象征透彻的天空，不浑不浊，象征国家安定；二是象征皇帝的所作所为象清澈的天空一样坦荡，没有干任何见不得人的事。

坤宁宫是北京故宫内廷后三宫之一，坤宁宫在交泰殿后面，乾清宫代表阳性，坤宁宫代表阴性，以表示阴阳结合，天地合壁之意。

交泰殿殿名取自《易经》，含"天地交合、康泰美满"之意。是皇帝和后妃们？起居生活的地方，交泰殿为皇后千秋节受庆贺礼的地方，是皇后生日时接受庆贺礼的地方。清朝，于此殿贮清二十五宝玉玺，每方玉玺都有专门的用途。每年正月，由钦天监选择吉日吉时，设案开封陈宝，皇帝来此拈香行礼。清世祖鉴于明代宦官专权的教训，规定宦官不得干预朝政，所立“内宫不许干预政事”的铁牌曾立于此殿。皇帝大婚时，皇后的册立、宝安设殿内左右案上。交泰殿每年春季祀先蚕，皇后先一日在此查阅采桑的用具。

现在我们所在的是神武门，是故宫的北门，神武门原来叫玄武门，清代康熙年间重修时，为了避康熙皇帝玄烨的讳，改名为神武门。大家看到的故宫博物院这五个字是我国著名的文学家诗人，郭沫若先生所提，那么我们今天的旅游就结束啦，谢谢大家对我工作的支持，欢迎大家下次来故宫参观。

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好！我是你们的导游，今天我们参观的是沈阳风景名胜之一的“沈阳故宫”

先来给你们介绍一下。沈阳故宫始建于1625年，是清朝入关前清太祖努尔哈赤、清太宗皇太极创建的皇宫。又称“盛京皇宫”。清朝入主中原后改为陪都宫殿和皇帝东巡行宫，现为沈阳故宫博物院。

沈阳故宫设在沈阳“井”字形大街的中心，分为三部分：东路为努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗时期建造的大中阙。西路是乾隆时期增建的文溯阁等。

现在就让我们从东路开始游览吧！

东路的大政殿是一座八角重檐亭式建筑。正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿用于举行大典。十王亭则是左右翼王和八旗大臣办事的地方。

各位游客，现在我们来到了中路。中路的大中阙包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、庄福宫等。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，全是木结构，五间九檀硬山式，辟有隔扇门，前后出廊，围以石雕的栏杆，此殿是清太宗日常临朝处理要务的地方。

各位游客，现在我们来到了西路。西路是以文溯阁为主体，前有戏台、扮戏房、嘉荫堂，后有仰熙斋、九间殿。文溯阁是六间二楼三层硬山式建筑，是专为存清代百科全书而建的。

沈阳故宫博物院不仅是古代宫殿建筑群，还收藏了大量宫廷文物。

好了，先说这些，请大家细细欣赏。

大家好，我叫陈吉知惠，大家叫我陈吉就行了，这次去参观北京故宫，我就是大家的导游，希望大家旅途愉快！

参观故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术；二是观赏陈列于室内的珍贵的文物。我重点为大家讲一下丰富多彩的建筑艺术。

故宫建筑丰富多彩，仅不同形式的屋顶就有10种以上，比如故宫的正门“午门”又叫“五凤楼”，为什么叫“五凤楼”呢？因为在十米高的城墙上耸立着五座城楼，楼顶屋檐翘起，从上面看就像五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，所以又叫“五凤楼”。

故宫内有很多大小不一的宫殿，据说共有九千九百九十九间半，够多吧！打个比方说，如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始，每晚住不同的房间，等他住完所有房间以后，已经是一个27岁的年轻人啦。

其实故宫里只有八千七百零七间，为什么呢，这里面还有个小故事呢。永乐皇帝当时想盖九千九百九十九间半，但丞相刘伯温在出去买材料时，看见老百姓的生活越来越苦，就出一些钱分给了老百姓，结果剩下的钱就不够盖那么多房间了。

好了，现在大家自由参观半小时，半小时后在午门前集合。

各位游客：

大家好。

各位朋友，在繁华的沈阳古城中心，有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。这里就是我们今天的目的地——沈阳故宫。

依建筑时间和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。今天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。

沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1625年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。

作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

大政殿两侧南向，十王亭呈燕翅排列。错落有致，如众星拱月，南宽北狭，似无穷无尽，象征兵多将广，万世绵延。十王亭是清朝入关前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宫内办公的地方。它们与大政殿构成了一组亭子式的院落建筑，反映了满族独特的军政体制——八旗制度，这在中国的历史上堪称独步天下。远在努尔哈赤立国之初，凡遇军国大事都由汗王与八旗贝勒大臣共同讨论决定。努尔哈赤定都沈阳后，在修建宫殿时便将这种“君臣合署办公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表现了八旗制度和“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的政体及军事民主的思想。因而形成了大政殿、十五亭这组独特的建筑，为中国宫殿建筑史写下了空前的一页。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了中路。从1626年皇太极继承汗位，即续建皇宫，形成沈阳故宫的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清门，后至清宁宫，院落三进，独成一体。

大清门是沈阳故宫的正门，为皇帝临朝前，文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边，既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念，又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而形成了区别北京故宫的一个特点——宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。

穿过大清门，北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。

1635年，皇太极下令将族名 女真”改为“满洲”。1636年皇太极在崇政殿登基称帝，上尊号“宽温仁圣”，将国号“金”改为“清”年号“天聪”改为“崇德”。

各位朋友，古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿，请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。

穿过崇政殿两侧的左右翊门，举目可见位于3.8米高台之上的凤凰楼。楼后为帝后寝居的后宫——台上五宫。与崇政殿对比又形成了沈阳故宫不同于北京故宫的特点——“宫高殿低”。而北京故宫则恰恰相反，是“殿高官低”。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所，是当年沈阳城的最高建筑，诗称“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周，万般景物尽收眼底，可饱览盛京全景，也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。凤凰楼门洞上方悬有“紫气东来”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔。而乾隆皇帝则是借用这个典故寓意大清的国运兴起于东方。

各位朋友，穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后，我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。

台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。现在请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫——清宁宫。清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”，是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室，二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九，皇太极在暖阁内驾崩，终年52岁，后葬于沈阳昭陵，即北陵。 清宁东次间开门，是典型的满族民居——口袋房，西四门南西北三面都设火炕，称“万字炕”。与汉族有所不同的是，满族人将烟囱建在屋后，而且从地面向上垒起。这种“口袋房，万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上”的建筑特点具有浓郁的满族风格了。

各位朋友，现在请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年，主要包括：戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。

说起文溯阁，我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要，乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书，历经十余年时间编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部，所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后，抄录七部，在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏，沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。

提起宫殿建筑，我们很容易想起“红墙绿瓦”、“金壁辉煌 这类词汇。而文溯阁却与众不同，屋顶用黑琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，整个建筑以黑绿两色为主色调，这与它的用途是分不开的。文溯阁藏书忌火，依据五行字说立色配饰，装修取《易经》“北方壬癸水”其色属黑，因此屋顶用黑色琉璃瓦，寓意水从天降，消灭火灾。

文溯阁外观为两层，内部实为三层，书架上的木盒称函匣，用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到这里，我们今天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的，布局却是一气呵成，完整和谐。特别是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”，从总体来看，沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起——兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位朋友，我们的参观就要结束了，希望故宫之行能给您留下美好的回忆。

大家好!我是你们的向导，我姓高名泓泽，叫我高导好了。现在我将带领你们游览故宫，欣赏我国的文化遗产。

故宫为我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时不应该乱丢垃圾，也不要随地吐痰。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动是，皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

这样气魄雄伟的工程，凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗与智慧呀!