故宫博物院导游词重点写太和殿【最新20篇】

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓宋，我刚做导游不久，所以请大家见谅我手里拿着导游词哈，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫50万人，我记得是100万人，肯定是导游词出错了，不好意思，我们继续，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。

故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的，布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制：前朝后寝，左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分，南半部位前朝，北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心，外东路、外西路的建筑为主，是皇帝处理日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的：在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙，西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。

按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体，所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中，成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。现在在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线，被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线，全长8.5公里，南起永定门，北到钟楼，其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉，线上的景山是内城的中心点，也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。

游客们，大家好！我们要游览的是闻名中外的古代建筑——故宫

故宫位于北京市中心，是世界上的五大宫之一，也称为“紫禁城。”这里本有过二十多位皇帝，第一位是明朝的朱棣皇帝，最后一位是溥仪皇帝。

故宫是中国最完整的古老建筑，有一条中轴，贯通着整个故宫，三大殿、后三宫、御花园都在这条中轴线上。三大殿分别是太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，它们位于故宫前方。

太和殿俗称金銮殿，面积约是2380多平方米，是故宫中面积最大的一座宫殿。太和殿的后面就是中和殿，中和殿高有29米，内部是一个正方形。保和殿位于太和殿与中和殿之后，保和殿高27米，内部是一个长方形，到乾隆时代后，这里就成为了一个考试的地区。

后三宫分别是乾清宫，交泰殿和坤宁宫。乾清宫是皇帝居住的地方，坤宁宫是皇后居住的地方。交泰殿并不是住的，它也是一座宫殿，只不过是和乾清之、坤宁宫在一起，所以被称为后三宫。

御花园很大，占地面积是120xx平方米，占了故宫的四分之一，它附近有慈宁宫花园，建福花园和宁寿花园。在这几座花园中，御花园是最大的。

故宫很美，但游人会把食物的包装袋或者其它垃圾随手扔到地上，使故宫的环境变差，我们应该要好好地保护这美丽的古代建筑。

大家好，我是你们的导游。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首，又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫，是世界上现存最大，最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看，故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量，故宫有打大小院90多座，房屋980多座共8070间。

大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门，它高12米，可想而知，它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看，经过几百年的风吹雨打，它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶，当时，黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。

现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场，官员站的位置也很有讲究：文官站右，武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上，会看见精雕细琢的图案，它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走

现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾，龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳，是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧，那只黄龙居中，前爪作出环抱的样子，后足分撅海水，龙身弯曲，瞠目张颌，好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰，双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙，好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央，我也要!大家参观时不要摸，这样颜色会脱掉的，爱护文物，从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。

(玩了一会)

本次旅游到此结束，谢谢各位参观，再见!

各位同学大家好，我是今天的小导游，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的故宫名胜景区，希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京故宫留下美好的印象，好，现在我们就开始今天的游览吧。

故宫过去叫紫禁城，它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(1420xx年)永乐十八年建成，占地面积72万多平方米，距今已有620xx年的历史。整个建筑群气势宏伟豪华，布局开阔对称，内外装饰壮丽辉煌，是我国古代建筑艺术的精华。1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿，称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子，就是天帝的儿子，他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”，这是其一，其二呢，皇帝居住的宫院，对寻常老百姓来说，是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来，所以就叫“紫禁城”。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统，共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过，统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半，实际上是8700多间，是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。在这些宫殿还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道，这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中

精心挑选出来的，在那些文物的背后，在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事，足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话，您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫，就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

这些年来，故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外，又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆，并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。

好了，我今天的讲解至此为此，谢谢大家的耐心倾听!

说起美丽的故宫，每个人都很熟悉。

故宫又叫紫禁城，是世界五大宫之首，是明清两代的皇宫，始建于公元1420xx年，面积约有725000平方米，相当于900个大操场那么大。

进了故宫的正门--午门，一个大广场呈现在我们眼前。广场上有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥。桥下有一条金水河，形似玉带，漂亮极了。

站在广场上，抬头一看，一座金碧辉煌的宫殿耸立在眼前，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。这就是太和殿。太和殿内雕镂金漆的宝座，坐落在正中的须弥坐式楠木平台上，宝座周围是六根沥粉蟠龙金柱，气势磅礴。宝座上方的天花中央是巨大的蟠龙藻井。

出了太和殿，绕过中和殿和保和殿，就是乾清宫。乾清宫在明代和清代前期是皇帝的寝宫。皇帝在乾清宫处理政务，召见臣工，接见外国使臣及内廷受贺和举行家宴。

从乾清宫出来，绕过交泰殿和坤宁宫，就是御花园。进了御花园，就会看到一座亭子。葱郁的树丛映衬着红色的墙壁和金黄的琉璃瓦，那就是千秋亭，千秋亭旁边是堆秀山，堆秀山是一座石头砌成的假山，四处是碧绿的树木，美丽极了。

关于故宫还有一个传说。相传古代有一个人叫刘伯温。有一天，他对皇帝说：“陛下，臣昨晚做了个梦，梦见玉帝召见臣，说皇上住的宫殿必须要有三十六金刚及七十二地煞看守，否则会有灾难。说完腾云而去，臣就吓醒了。”皇帝听了，命令刘伯温去造一座宫殿，就叫紫禁城，要有三十六金刚及七十二地煞把守。老百姓闻之此事后，都等着看刘伯温怎么造有三十六金刚及七十二地煞把守的宫殿。过了十个月，宫殿造好了，皇帝看到宫里金光闪闪，好像是三十六金刚及七十二地煞在把守，高兴极了，奖赏了刘伯温，再晋升三级。后来人们才发现那些“三十六金刚”只不过是黄金，“七十二地煞”只不过是七十二口大缸。

故宫处处是美丽的景色，希望大家能细细游赏。

大家好，我是你们这天的导语，很高兴这天能和你一齐度过，下方由我来给大家讲讲沈阳故宫吧：

沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一，沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米，有古建筑114座，500多间，至今保存完好，是一处包含着丰富历史文化内涵的古代遗址。在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆，藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。

1961年，国务院将沈阳故宫确定为国家第一批全国重点文物保护单位;20__年7月1日，在中国苏州召开的第28届世界遗产委员会会议批准沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

大政殿

大政殿是一座八角重檐亭式建筑，俗称八角殿。始建于1625年，是清太祖努尔哈赤营建的重要宫殿，是盛京皇宫内最庄严最神圣的地方。初称大衙门，1636定名笃恭殿，后改大政殿。八角重檐攒尖式，八面出廊，其下为须弥座台基。殿顶满铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，正中相轮火焰珠顶，宝顶周围有八条铁链各与力士相连。殿前两明柱各有金龙盘柱，殿内为梵文天花和降龙藻井。殿内设有宝座、屏风及熏炉、香亭、鹤式烛台等。大政殿用于举行大典，如皇帝即位，颁布诏书，宣布军队出征，迎接将士凯旋等。此殿为清太宗皇太极举行重大典礼及重要政治活动的场所。

1644年(顺治元年)皇帝福临在此登基继位。

十王亭

十王亭位于大政殿两侧八字形依次排列，是满族八旗制度在宫殿建筑的反映，此建筑布局为中国古代宫廷建筑史所仅见。

其东侧五亭由北往南依次为左翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、正白旗亭、镶白旗亭、正蓝旗亭;

西侧五亭依次为右翼王亭、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭。

是清初八旗各主旗贝勒、大臣议政及处理政务之处。这种君臣合署在宫殿办事的现象，历史上少见。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，但是它的体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的10座亭子，其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿。这11座亭子，就是11座帐篷的化身。帐篷是能够流动迁移的，而亭子就固定起来了，显示了满族文化发展的一个里程。

大清门

大清门是盛京皇宫(今沈阳故宫博物院)的正门，俗称午门，它是一座面阔五间的硬山式建筑，房顶满铺琉璃瓦，饰以绿剪边，尤其是大清门山墙的最上端，南北突出的四个墀头，三面皆用五彩琉璃镶嵌而成，纹饰为凸出的海水云龙及象征吉祥的各种动物，做工精巧，栩栩如生。此门庄严富丽，与整个宫殿建筑混成一体，显得十分协调。

大清门建于天聪六年(1632年)之前，为盛京皇宫中皇太极续修的早期建筑之一。原称大门、正门。1636年定宫殿名时称大门为大清门。大清门的满文译音为“代青杜卡”(代青即大清，杜卡为门)。

崇政殿

崇政殿在中路前院正中，俗称“金銮殿”，是沈阳故宫最重要的建筑。整座大殿全是木结构，面阔五间进深三间。前后出廊硬山式，辟有隔扇门，前后出廊，围以石雕的栏杆。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，正脊饰五彩琉璃龙纹及火焰珠。殿身的廊柱是方形的，望柱下有吐水的螭首，顶盖黄琉璃瓦镶绿剪边;殿前月台两角，东立日晷，西设嘉量;殿内“彻上明造”绘以彩饰。内陈宝座、屏风;两侧有熏炉、香亭、烛台一堂;殿柱

是圆形的，两柱间用一条雕刻的整龙连接，龙头探出檐外，龙尾直入殿中，实用与装饰完美地结合为一体，增加了殿宇的帝王气魄。此殿为清太宗皇太极陛见臣下，宴请外国使臣以及处理大政的常朝之处。公元1636年，后金改国号为大清的大典就在此举行。“东巡”诸帝于此举行“展谒山陵礼成”等庆贺典礼。

凤凰楼

崇政殿北首的凤凰楼，建造在4米高的青砖台基上，有三层，三滴水歇山式围廊，顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边。此楼为盛京最高建筑，故有《盛京八景》之一“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”等传称。凤凰楼上藏有乾隆御笔亲题的“紫气东来”匾。

清宁宫

清宁宫为五开间前后廊硬山式。是清太宗皇太极和皇后博尔济吉特氏居住的“中宫”。

室门开于东次间，屋内西侧构成“筒子房”格局，东梢间为帝后寝宫。宽大的支摘窗式样朴素，棂条皆以“码三箭”式相交，宫门亦不用隔扇式。正对宫门竖立祭天的“索伦竿”，此均为源自满族民间的传统风格。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦镶缘剪边，前后皆方形檐柱，柱头饰兽面，檀枋施彩绘等，则是吸收汉、藏民族建筑艺术。

文溯阁

文溯阁建于1782年(乾隆四十七年)。专为存放《文溯阁四库全书》而建，

另有《古今图书集成》亦存于阁内。是沈阳故宫西路的主体建筑，建筑形式仿照浙江宁波的天一阁，面阔六间，二楼三层重檐硬山式，前后出廊，上边盖黑色琉璃瓦加绿剪边，前后廊檐柱都装饰有绿色的地仗。所有的门、窗、柱都漆成绿色，外檐彩画也以蓝、绿、白相间的冷色调为主，这与其它宫殿红金为主的外檐彩饰迥然不一样。其彩绘画题材也不用宫殿中常见的行龙飞凤，而是以“白马献书”、“翰墨卷册”等与藏书楼功用相谐的图案，给人以古雅清新之感。采用黑色琉璃瓦为顶，主要是为了使整座建筑外观风格相统一。文溯阁后面，有抄手殿廊连之后仰熙斋，斋后为九间房，其中有芍药圃、梧桐院等。这是乾隆皇帝“东巡”时的读书之所。

金水桥

沈阳故宫博物院副院长李声能透露，沈阳故宫正门前的“金水桥”属于违规建筑，与整个风貌不相符。沈阳市文物部门已经下发了整改拆除通知限期拆除。

20__年9月25日14时30分许，沈阳故宫东南侧，在“金水桥”施工墙外，有一大片被围挡围起的施工工地。从围挡的缝隙中能够看到，工地中一辆作业车正在施工。

最佳旅游时光

沈阳的春天和秋天时光短促，升温、降温幅度很大;夏季平均气温24度，比南方凉快3-5度;冬季寒冷干燥，务必携带羽绒服或棉大衣。雨季主要在春、夏与夏秋之交。每年4-10月是沈阳旅游的黄金季节。你们来的正是时候。

当地特产

沈阳的美食佳肴历史悠久，制作精湛，在满族菜肴基础上，借鉴和发展了传统宫廷的精良技术，又荟萃了中国名菜之精华，构成了自我的独特风格。满汉全席是最具有代表性的。由于历史上，沈阳一向由少数民族和汉族轮流统治，因此也传入了各民族的风味小吃。比如回民小吃马家烧麦，满族小吃那家白肉血肠，朝鲜族的打糕、烤牛肉、西塔大冷面等。沈阳也有自我的传统小吃老边饺子，老山记海城馅饼。

沈阳主要商业街区分布在中街(步行街)、太原街一带。沈阳的大部分商厦营业时光一般是上午9：00开门，晚上10:00关门。五爱市场，位于沈河区风雨坛街，是全国五大集贸市场之一，是辽宁乃至东北地区服装轻工批发市场，品种齐全、物美价廉。公交117路、125路、132路、133路、134路、151路、207路、212路、213路、222路、223路、224路、224路区间238路246路、256路、263路、266路、270路、273路、274路、277路、293路、297路、298路、326路、333路、334路、338路、501路、523路、800路可达。南湖公园古文物市场，有几十家店铺经营着古玩、字画、印章、瓷器、玉器、木雕、珊瑚、珠宝翠钻;还有遍体绿锈的历代古钱。沈阳的名特产品，如御赐枕、羽毛画、绢花、彩石镶嵌画等，都能在那里觅得。每逢周日，那里格外热闹。

游客们游玩好沈阳的古遗址、古城址、古墓葬、古建筑、烽火台、边墙和历史纪念物、革命纪念物后。能够到具有现代性的娱乐场所去娱乐放松一下。

说道故宫，大家肯低昂想到得都是北京故宫，启示不用到北京也能看到故宫得，没错那就是沈阳故宫，沈阳故宫是我国仅存得两大宫殿建筑群之一，另外一个不用我多说大家应该都知道是哪一个了吧，沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，宫内建筑物保存完好。

现在大家就在沈阳故宫得门口，大家都看到了它得规模比占地72万平方米得北京故宫要小得多，但是，它在建筑上有自己得特色，这些就需要有颗朋友们自己去体会品味了，这里现在是沈阳最重要得游览点。

沈阳故宫建于1625年，是后金第一代汗努尔哈赤开始修筑。努尔哈赤死后，第二代汗皇太极继续修建成功。沈阳故宫得建筑布局可以分为三路。东路为清太祖努尔哈赤时期建造得大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗皇太极时期续建得大中阙，包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、启福宫等。西路则是乾隆时期增建得文溯阁、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等。乾隆时皇宫已在北京，但他有时也东巡回沈阳看看。

现在我们来到了沈阳故宫得东路，这里是很有特色得。大政殿居中，两旁分列十个亭子，称为十王亭。大政殿是一座八角重檐亭子建筑，正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿是用来举行大典，如颁布诏书，宣布队出征，迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等得地方。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，不过它得体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此，称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开得十座亭子。其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族得帐殿。这十一座亭子，就是十一座帐篷得化身。帐篷是可以流动、迁移得，而亭子就固定起来了。这也显示了少数民族文化得一个发展。崇政殿是沈阳故宫最重要得建筑，在中路，是皇太极日常临朝得地方。崇政殿北有一凤凰楼，三层，是当时盛京城内最高得建筑物。沈阳故宫博物馆所陈列得多半是旧皇宫遗留下来得宫廷文物。如努尔哈赤用过得剑，皇太极用过得腰刀和鹿角椅等。沈阳故宫博物馆陈列得艺术品也很丰富。在绘画陈列室里，有明、清两代一些大师得作品如清李鳟、金农、明文征明书画精品、陶瓷、雕刻、织乡、漆器等工艺品。

我得讲解就差不多，现在给大家一点时间自己去观赏一下，半个小时候我们在这里集合，谢谢大家得配合。

大家好，我是小导游，今天我要带大家一起参观闻名世界的故宫。

游客朋友们，我们已经来到了故宫，它又叫紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫。故宫总共有四个门，南边的是午门，北边的是神武门，东边的是东华门，西边的是西华门。

我们现在来到的地方是太和殿。它是故宫三大殿之首，建在五米高的汉白玉台基上。殿高36米，宽63米，面积2380平方米。大殿正中，两米高的台子是金漆雕龙宝座。清明两代皇帝即位、诞辰以及春节、冬至等庆典均在此举行。

继续向前走，就到了中和殿，皇帝有事去太和殿之前，到这休息，接受大臣的朝拜。

最后一站，我们来到了保和殿，它也是三大殿之一。清朝每年的除夕和元宵会在此宴请皇亲和大臣。

今天的旅行到此结束，谢谢大家。

各位朋友：

今天我们将要游览的是一处独具特色的旅游景点，它位于北京城的中心，殿宇千门万户，楼阁巍峨庄严，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌，素有金色的宫殿之海的美称。您一定猜到了，这就是驰名中外的故宫博物院。

故宫是明、清两面三刀代的皇宫，在这里有明清两代24个帝王登基坐殿，统治中国长达500多年。故宫含金量颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在北京城的中心，是全城风景最美的一处景观。故宫的西北面有湖光塔景的北海公园;西面是碧波粼粼的中南海;东面有著名的商业街王府井;北面的景山为故宫的屏障。站在景山万春亭上，可以俯瞰故宫的全貌。故宫南面是特殊意义的国门，即天安门广场，它是新中国的象征，第一面五星红旗在此冉冉升起。

故宫是世界著名的旅游景观，被世界教科文组织列为世界文化遗产，它闪烁着东方文明的光辉。

故宫南北长960米，东西宽750米，面积木2万平方米，其中建筑面积15万平方米，有房屋9000余间。很多人都听说故宫有房9999间半的传说，这是因为按《易经〉中讲九是阳极之数，发九为尊，故宫是皇帝的住处自然要作到头了。故宫四周有高10米的城墙。城有四门，南面是正门午门，北为神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。四角各有一座结构精巧别致的被称作“九梁十八柱七十二条脊“的角楼。城外有长3800米，宽52米的护城河，使故宫自成防御体系，有城中之城的美称。而其护城河长度，也已列入世界之最。

故宫从明代开始作为统治中心，但它的初建者却不是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋而是他的四儿子明成祖朱棣。故宫建在北京城南起永定门北至鼓楼长16华里的中轴线上，南北为主，左右对称，建造中遵循《周礼。考工记》中“前朝后室，左祖右社”的建造原则。故宫在建造手法上突出皇权，其基本做法是突出以前三殿和后三宫为主的中轴线，其他建筑拱卫中央。故宫的建造可以说是集全国的人力物力，木材砖瓦取自全国各地，耗费极其巨大。宫殿内墁地的砖被称作“金砖”，制作工艺极为复杂，从取土到成泥要6道工序，到成砖则需17道工序，最后还要把砖放到桐油里浸泡处理。这种砖铺在地上越磨越亮，由于制作复杂，价格昂贵，在当时一砖合一石米。年以有“金砖”之称。可以说故宫每座宫殿都浸透着人民的血汗它集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，充分反映了我国劳动人民的高度智慧和创造才能。故宫是我国保存到现在最完整，最辉煌的一组皇家建筑群，而今成为著名的旅游景点。

现在展现在我们眼前的这座红墙黄瓦，飞檐宏丽的建筑就是故宫的正门——午门。它平面呈“凹“形，上有崇楼五座，正楼是9开间的重檐庑殿顶大殿，东西是四座重檐四角攒尖顶方形亭楼，各以廊庑相连，辅翼正楼。整个建筑气势巍峨，充分体现了皇帝的威严。午门全部建筑，高下错落，左右映对，势若朱鸟展翅，翱翔天空，故又常被人称作五凤楼。正楼设有宝座，左右设有钟鼓楼，过去皇帝在太和殿举行大典时，钟鼓齐鸣，肃穆森严。

一提起午门，常令人想起“推出午门斩首示众”这句话。其实午门前并未斩过人。因为明朝行刑在西市9今西四)，清代在菜市口，但在这里却打死过人。明代有一种罚刑——廷杖，就在午门下举行。如果大臣触怒皇帝就要被批“逆鳞”。被子批“逆鳞”的大臣被子打掉乌纱帽穿上囚衣推出午门，行刑就在这御路东侧。起初只是象征性的打，主要在于对大臣的羞辱，但到后来则打人至死。正德十四年正德皇帝朱厚照要到江南选美，群臣阻谏。荒淫无度的正德皇帝不但不听，还将舒芬，黄巩等130位大臣廷仗，打死11人。这听起来确实非常残忍，不过要到传统佳节元宵节，这晨却是另一番景象，悬灯结彩赐宴百官，喜气洋洋。

进入午门就开始了宫内的游览，您看前面的河叫金水河，上面五座汉白玉石桥叫内金水桥。五座桥各有用处：正中的叫御路桥，供皇帝走，望宗室亲王走;再外面是品级桥，供文武大臣走。引金水河流过这里，除美观外还有防火作用。一方面故宫内多是木建筑，一旦失火可以用河水扑救;另一方面与我国的五行说相关，南方属火故以水克之，这种例子很多，讲解中将随时介绍给大家。由此可见，故宫不仅是集建筑艺术之大成，也是集中国传统文化之大成。前面这座门叫太和门，门前这对铜狮您能猜出雌雄吗?您猜得不错，东面的是雄狮，前脚踩一绣球，象征权力也象征统一寰宇;西面是雌狮，前脚抚弄一小乳狮，象征子嗣昌盛。门旁所立的图是故宫平面图。大家请看，故宫是由前朝和内廷两部分组成的，前朝以三大殿为主，是皇帝发布政令和举行大典的地方。三大殿后是内廷，有乾清宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，御花园及东西六宫等，这里是皇帝处理政务，居住享乐的地方。现在故宫的陈列体系分宫廷历史遗迹陈列，东六宫，外东路及三大殿两庑等为古代文化艺术陈列。在故宫这座艺术宝库中收藏有近百万件珍贵文物，占全国700座博物馆藏品总数的六分之一，成为驰名中外的最大的博物馆。这里闪烁着中华民族5000年文化艺术的光辉。昔日的皇宫禁地今天成为人们参观游览的旅游名胜。

现在展现在我们面前的就是规模宏大，气宇轩昂的三大殿。大殿坐落在三层汉白玉石台基上。中国建筑主体是木结构，受材料限制，本身不可能很高，聪明的古代人民采用高大的石台基将大殿托起以增强气势。大家还注意到如此大的广场前没有一棵树，其原因也是为烘托三大殿的高大，故意制造一开阔的空间;另一个原因就是五行相克的体现，金木水土火五行学说中，土居中，树为木，而木克土，如果种树恐怕不利于中央统治。古人在建造故宫时可谓用心良苦。殿前三层汉白玉台阶上有铜鼎18个。露台上分列两旁的铜龟铜鹤寓意龟鹤延年。东面的日晷是古代的计时器，西面的嘉量是中国古代的标准量器，放在这里象征皇帝公正平允。殿前左右各有一对镏金铜缸，是清乾隆年间铸造成的，每缸重约2吨，也称门海，放在这里用于防火，取意缸置于土上，土生金，缸中贮水，金生水，而以水克火。正中的大殿是太和殿，就是人们常说的金銮宝殿。明朝叫奉天殿，皇极殿，清顺治二年改叫太和殿。大殿面宽11间约64米，进深5间约38米，高26。92米，加上台基高度，通高35。03米，大殿面积2377平方米，是我国现存最大的木结构建筑物。殿内宝座四周的6根大柱为蟠龙金漆大柱，金光灿灿，因为这里是宫内最神圣的地方，所以殿顶，彩绘等都采用官式建筑中最高等级。殿内金漆大柱当中就是皇帝的宝座。设在地平床上。宝座左右有对称的形容词象，仙鹤，香筒等陈设，这些都是铜胎嵌丝珐琅制品。座旁有孔雀做的扇。各位抬头请看，宝座上方是金漆蟠龙藻井，藻井为覆斗式，井中有盘龙，龙头下的圆球叫轩辕镜。相传轩辕镜为轩辕氏黄帝所造，将它悬于宝座上象征江山正统，但现在宝座与轩辕镜并不上下相对，据说是复辟皇帝袁世凯登上宝座，抬头见轩辕镜悬在头顶，怕球掉下来将他砸死，于是将宝座后移。轩辕镜下紫宸台上就是楠木金漆雕龙宝座，它是皇权的象征。太和殿内外装饰壮丽豪华，但皇帝并不是天天在这里，只有元旦，冬至，万寿节(皇帝生日)及重大庆典如册立皇后，派大将出征等日子，才来此登临宝座以示尊严。

转过太和殿，眼前这座单檐四角攒尖镏金宝顶的方形殿宇叫中和殿，明朝叫华盖殿，中极殿，顺治二年改名中和殿。大殿深广均为5间，长宽均为24。15米。皇帝到太和殿举行大典前，先在此小憩，接受内阁大臣等官员朝拜，然后再去太和殿。皇帝到天，地，日，月坛，祭祀的前一天要来此看祭文，到农家坛亲耕要先来此阅视种子，农具。清朝皇帝每10年修一次玉牒，要在此举行隆重的仪式，殿内陈列着乾隆年间的两顶肩舆，就是轿，也就是人们俗称的八抬大轿。中和殿后是保各殿，面宽9间，进兴5间。它的功用有很多，其中最值得一提的是就是殿试。这是封建科举制度中最高一级考试。被录取的进进士，前三名称鼎甲三元即状元，榜眼，探花，其他称“进士出身”或“同进士出身”能参加殿试是很不容易的，要经过童试，乡试，会试三级考试录取后才是殿试。如果一个文人在各级考试中都是第一名叫连中三元，那是很了不起的事情。我国自随代开始的科举制度一直延续到本世纪，最后一次科举在1904年就是光绪三十年举行，最后一们状元叫刘春霖，自称是第一人中的最后一人。保和殿后位于丹陛御路上的大云龙石雕，是故宫内乃至全国最大的一块石雕塑，长16。57米，宽3。07米，厚1。7米。重约250吨。产自北京郊区房山。如此大的石板在当时没有现代机械设备情况下运输极为困难，当时人们采用在路上泼水冻冰用滚木等方法进行运输。

现在我们所在的这个东西横向的广场叫乾清门广场，它是前朝与内廷的分界地带。内廷是皇帝的居住区，这座门叫乾清门，清康熙皇帝曾在此御门听政。乾清门内就是总称后三宫的乾清宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫。乾清，坤宁象征天地乾坤。乾清宫东西两面的日精门，月华门象征日月。围墙外东西六宫象征十二星辰。后面众多建筑象征众星。这些象征日月星辰的建筑均拱卫皇帝居住的象征天的乾清宫，以显示一辈子受命于天皇帝尊严。这后宫就是民间所说的三宫六院七十二妃三千佳丽所居住的皇宫内院，现面我们到里面细看。

乾清门内的这第一座大殿就是乾清宫，面宽9间，是皇帝的寝宫和日常活动的地方，一直到雍正皇帝以后才将寝宫移到养心殿。这儿是皇帝的寝宫，也是夺权斗争最激烈的地方，明代的壬寅宫变，红丸案，移宫案等宫闱大案都有发生在此。各位抬头请看宫内高悬的“正大光明”匾就是宫内斗争的产物。匾后是藏秘密立储匣的地方。有人说正大光明匾一点也不正大光明，就是因为雍正皇帝上台后有传闻，说他是串通隆科多等人篡改遗诏当皇帝的。此事真假不用深考，不过秘密立储确是由雍正朝开始。雍正上台后深感其父康熙皇帝在立储问题上几废几立，造成诸皇子明争暗斗朝臣互相倾轧，对中央统治不利，于是改为秘密方式立储。方法是事先写两份遗诏，一份带在身上，一份藏于“正大光明”匾后，皇帝晏驾后，将两份遗诏校对后再宣布继位者。乾隆等皇帝都是这样继位的。

乾清宫后是交泰国殿，它的形制与中和殿相同，这里是皇后在冬至，元旦，千秋节受贺的地方。现在这里存有玉玺25块，放置25块的寓意是从《周易》“天数二十有五”之说而来的，而且1。3。5。7。9这五个阳数之各也是25，殿内高悬的“无为”二是康熙亲笔所写，取意“无为而治”。殿内的内宫不可干政的铁牌也是康熙皇帝鉴于明亡的教训而立的，只可惜到清末依然出了安德海，李莲英等太监弄权误国。交泰殿后的坤宁宫原来是皇后的寝宫，后来皇帝移居养心殿，皇后移居体顺堂，这里成为祭神的地方。请大家到东面来，透过玻璃可以看到东暖阁内有龙凤喜床，床有有象征多子多福的百子帐，这里是皇帝大婚的洞房，一派喜气景象。

出坤宁宫我们现在来到御花园，这里是皇帝皇后休息游玩的地方。当中的大殿叫钦安殿，这是宫内惟一的道教建筑。道貌岸然家认为北方属水，所驼个殿内供的是道貌岸然教北方之神玄武大帝。这座御花园面积1。2万平方米，东西130米，南北90多米，以主建筑欠安殿为中心，左右对称，前后呼应，分布着10余座亭台楼阁曲池水榭。位于园子四角的象征春夏秋冬的万春亭，浮碧亭，千秋亭，澄瑞亭，同是亭子但形态各异还有收藏《四库全书荟要》的离藻堂，堆秀山上的御景亭等。其音点缀着苍松翠柏奇花异石，是皇家园林中的典范。规整中见变化：规整是指布局上四平八稳，变化指建筑风格变化多样，在一万多平方米范围内容纳十几种风格不同的建筑，各们倘佯其间才能细细品味。

我们现在走出的这座高大城门叫神武门，是故宫的后门，至此宫内的游览结束了，但是紫禁城的建筑并未结束，您看对面高43米的景山，它是紫禁城的屏障，与前面的金水河遥相呼应，构成中国建筑背山面水的传统格局，我们乘着游兴登上山项万春亭俯瞰故宫。看看这金碧辉煌的世界奇观。

欢迎各位游客加入阳光之旅行列。我是这里的小小导游，现在，我带领大家共同游览，希望各位遵守秩序，不要拥挤，禁止照相。祝愿你们快乐地度过这美好时光!

明清的两代皇宫，也叫“紫禁城”。它始建于142019年，距今已有62019年了。经过多个朝代的建造现在这故宫是目前保存最完好的故宫，也是规模最大的古代宫殿建筑群。

我说完历史，现在来说说它的布局吧。故宫南边是午门，北边是神武门，东边是东华门，西边是西华门，是结构精美的角样。多面的城墙有10米多高，护城河宽52米，长800米，既壮观有美丽。

文华殿是皇帝上早朝的地方。武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和会见大臣的地方。坤宁宫和乾清宫是皇帝、太后正式居住的地方，除了这些场所，还有后三宫和东西六宫。故宫在1961年被联合国教科文组织认为世界文化遗产。

我的介绍完了，我相信大家对故宫也有些了解了吧。祝大家玩得开心!

大家好!很欢迎大家前来游玩!我是，大家可以叫我x导。故宫清洁卫生有大家保持，请大家“高抬贵手”，不要乱扔果皮纸屑等垃圾。一会儿下车的时候，大家一定要记住车牌号。

各位朋友、女士、先生和父老乡亲们，过一会我们将要参观故宫博物馆，我先为各位做的简介。故宫是世界上现存范围最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。故宫也叫紫禁城，“紫”是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，那么，人间的帝王当然要与“紫”字沾边。“禁”是指当时那里守卫森严，不要说是普通老百姓，即使是一品大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城，否则就会引来杀身之祸。

故宫平面呈长方形，南北长960米，东西宽750米，总面积有72万平方万米。整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕，城墙高10米，可谓是“城高池宽”。

故宫开四门，座北朝南，南门为午门，即正门，北门为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。

故宫的整个院落分为二大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃居住的地方，交秦殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外、故宫内还有很多其他各式各样用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九半间，够多吧?打个比方说吧，如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不一样的房间、而且不重复，等他全部住遍后，就是个27岁的小伙啦!

好了，我先为各位介绍到这里，待会我再为各位做详细补充。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

Dear visitors:

Hello everyone! Im your guide. My name is Xu Ying, and Ill call me a little bit. Now I will lead you to visit the Imperial Palace and appreciate the cultural heritage of our country.

The Imperial Palace is the imperial palace of two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasty in China, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient building group in existence. So we should not throw rubbish or touch things when we visit, so that we can enjoy the the Imperial Palace with a historic atmosphere. (reminding the places that visitors should pay attention to)

Entering the gate of the temple of Taihe, it is a magnificent palace that shows in front of you. The largest wooden building in front of the building, it is very striking, that is the temple of Taihe. It is the symbol of the imperial power, and whenever there is a great event, the emperor holds it here. Behind a row of beautiful decoration embarrassing palace and temple, there are. (in accordance with the order of sightseeing)

After swimming the splendid hall of Taihe, we can walk north, and we can feel the breath of life here. All the living things here are first class at that time, and the outdoors in the back of the palace are the Imperial Garden. Its pattern and layout are compact, antique and ornament with flowers and trees. The pavilions, terraces and open halls. It is a good place to be elegant and enjoyable. All along, the east of the Imperial Palace towers and other three towers from afar. Their peculiar shape, and form a perfect exquisite beyond compare, pictures of the surrounding environment.

How many working peoples sweaty and wisdom has been condensed by this magnificent project! In fact, the Imperial Palace was successful in December 1987, and since then it has become a tourist attraction of cultural heritage.

This is the end of this journey, and I wish you all a good time. Thank you

大家好！欢迎大家来到故宫，很高兴能为大家服务，我是本次大家旅程的导游韩一铭，大家叫我韩导就行。今天由我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

现在，大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝，是明、清两代的皇宫，现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇，都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧！这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁，还分布着许多殿宇，也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线，就要去艺术珍品馆啦！故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等，收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计，有102653件，其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上，每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天，永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊，这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天，一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子，觉着笼子非常奇怪，就走过去看了看，一数，这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊！木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此，就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客，我们今天的游览马上就要结束了，对我今天的讲解，欢迎您提出意见和建议，我深表感谢。最后，祝大家玩得开心！谢谢

大家好！今天我们要去游玩的地方是北京故宫。我姓卢，大家叫我小卢就行了。想必大家对故宫还不是很了解，现在我就为大家介绍介绍故宫。

故宫又名紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，也是中国现在所保存的最大最完整的古代建筑。1988年被联合国教科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。诸位，故宫有四个大门。正门名叫午门，俗称五凤楼；其它的门平面为凹形，中间有重楼，重檐为庑殿顶，两翼分别有重檐楼阁四座。

接下来请大家跟着我到太和殿。太和殿又称金銮殿，在故宫的中心位置，是故宫三大殿之一。太和殿建在高约5米的汉白玉台基上面。台基四周矗立着成排的雕栏称为望柱，柱头头上雕刻着云龙云凤的图案，前后各有三座石阶，中间的石阶上雕有蟠龙，衬托着海浪和流云的“御路”。太和殿红墙黄瓦、朱楹金肩，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是中国最大的木构殿宇。

看完了太和殿，现在来游中和殿。中和殿也是故宫三大宫殿之一，位于太和殿后方，平面呈正方形，黄色琉璃瓦、四角攒尖顶，正中间有鎏金宝顶，形体壮丽，建筑精巧。

刚才游玩了故宫的两大殿，现在我们来游玩第三个大殿——保和殿。保和殿在中和殿的后方，呈长方形，黄色琉璃瓦、四角攒尖顶，建筑装修与彩绘十分绚丽多彩。

以上就是我们今天游玩的景点，相信你对故宫有了更深的了解，如果下次还有机会，我一定还会给你们当导游。谢谢！

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

中国故宫设有四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高，还有护城河宽52米，长3800米。整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，故宫被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

欢迎你来到北京故宫!这里又称紫禁城，是明朝两代的皇宫，为我国现在最大最富贵的古建筑群，面积达15500平方米，房屋9000多间。故宫四周围有10米高的城墙，墙外四角各有一座华丽奇特的角楼。

Welcome you to Beijings Forbidden City! Also called the Forbidden City, here are two generations of the Ming dynasty in the imperial palace, for our country is now the largest and most prosperous of ancient architectural complexes, an area of 15500 square meters, more than 9000 houses. Around the Forbidden City has 10 meters high walls, corners of the wall have a magnificent strange watchtower.

从午门进入紫禁城，然后沿着中轴线依次参观内金水桥，太和门，太和殿，中和殿，乾明宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，御花园。参观完御花园，可以通过御花园左侧的门进入东六宫依次参观储秀宫，翎坤宫，永寿宫，咸福宫，长寿宫，太极殿，然后出内右门回到乾明广场，东行进入内左门，可依次参观延禧宫，永和宫，景阳宫，乘乾宫。参观完东六宫可沿东长庆门，然后再进入皇极门，可以参观皇极殿，宁寿宫，扮戏楼，畅音阁，养性殿，乾隆花园，贞妃井，最后出贞顺门西行出神武门就可以离开故宫了。

From the meridian gate to enter the Forbidden City, and then along the central axis, in turn, to visit the jinshui bridge, the gate, taihe palace, zhonghe palace, Ming palace, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility, the imperial garden. Visiting the imperial garden, can pass to the left of the garden door into the east sixth in turn to visit the palace of gathering excellence, yi kun palace, YongShou palace, salty fu palace, longevity palace, tai chi temple, and then the right door to dry bright square, east into the inside the left door, can, in turn, to visit the jubilee palace, yonghe palace, palace, sunell group by the palace. Visiting the east sixth changqing gate along the east, and then enter the emperor extremely door, can visit Huangji Palace, tranquility and palace, actors floor, chang pavilion, temple raises a gender, the qianlong garden, zhen princess well, finally a zhen shun the west door the creature can leave the palace door.

今天我能给你们当导游我感到非常荣幸，我跟着大家一起游览了美丽的北京故宫，高兴的度过了一天。希望你们再来北京故宫的时候再请我当导游，我会更好地讲解美丽的故宫的。

Today I can give you when I feel very honored to guide, I followed all of you to visit the beautiful Beijing the imperial palace, spent a happy day. I hope you come back to Beijing the imperial palace please when I when the tour guide, I can better explain the beautiful palace.

Hello, tourists. Ill show you around the Forbidden City.

First of all, let me introduce the general situation of the Forbidden City.The Forbidden City used to be called the Forbidden City. It was the imperialpalace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Forbidden City covers an area of morethan 720000 square meters and has a history of 600 years. 24 emperors of Mingand Qing Dynasties lived here. There are more than 8700 palaces in the ForbiddenCity, which is the largest and best preserved palace complex in China and theworld. These palaces are arranged along the central axis and spread out on bothsides. They are symmetrical in left and right. The pattern is solemn and grand.In a word, when you enter the palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties today, you willenter the treasure house of Chinese civilization.

Meridian Gate is the main gate of the palace, because it is located in thesouth of the Forbidden City, so it is called Meridian Gate. Donghuamen is theeast gate of the Imperial Palace in Ming Dynasty, which corresponds to xihuamenfrom east to west. On the high wall of the Forbidden City, there are fourexquisite turrets. They are like four pearls, inlaid in the high wall, they arenot only our country, but also the worlds architectural products.

In the wide taihemen square, there is a royal road paved with blue andwhite stones in the middle, which only the emperor could walk. From the north ofTaihe square, on the tall and beautiful white jade platform, there is amagnificent building called Taihe hall, which is also called Jinluan hall. Thebase of this white marble platform is as high as 8 meters, higher than thecurrent two-story building. Among all the palaces in the Forbidden City, Jinluanhall is the most respected. The highest level ceremonies and ceremonies wereheld here.

When we stroll among these palaces, we can not only touch its bricks andtiles, but also appreciate precious cultural relics such as bronze, jade,calligraphy and painting, jewelry, etc. You will not love enough, nor seeenough

各位游客，大家好。我是旅行社的导游，名字叫，大家叫我x导游就行了。今天，我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿------北京故宫。

北京故宫始建于14XX年，建成于1420年，是明清两朝的皇宫，又名紫禁城。故宫占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，屋子有9999间半。故宫四周饶10米高的城墙，外有50多米宽的护河城。现在，我们已经来到了北京故宫门前。各位游客们，你们看，这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼。现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方。它们主要有三大殿:太和殿。中和殿。保和殿。现在，我们已经来到了太和殿，它是三大殿中最为高大的，它金碧辉煌，非常好看。看，这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏，称为望柱，柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画。非常显目且好看。我们出出进进都有四个门:南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。其中午门为正门。

好了，北京故宫我们已经游览完了，现在是自由活动时间，大家可以解散，但要注意以下几点:

1。不准破坏文物。在墙上乱图乱画。

2。不准破坏环境及随地吐痰。

3。要注意安全，迷路了要即使打电话和我们联系

下午x点要在午门集合，现在解散

大家好，我是今天你们大家这次旅游的导游。我姓曾，大家可以叫我曾导。

现在你们面前的是“外朝”的大门——太和门。故宫分“外朝”和“内廷”两大部分。穿过这扇门，就可以看到故宫三大殿中的.最大的一个——太和殿。绕过太和殿，就可以看到中和殿和保和殿。这些就是故宫的三大殿。

看完三大殿，你前面的就是“内廷”的大门——乾清门。这扇门是“外朝”和“内廷”的交点，乾清门以南为“外朝”，以北为“内廷”。穿过这扇门，就可以看到乾清宫。乾清宫后面有交泰殿和坤宁宫。这三座宫殿就是“内廷”中的主要部分。“内廷”的东西翼还有东六宫和西六宫，是宫妃们住的地方。

好了，现在请大家自由参观。

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是你们的导游，今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院，你们可以叫我朱导。

现在我先为大家作个简单介绍一下，故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群，故宫又叫紫禁城。紫是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，那么人间的帝王当然要与紫字沾边。禁是指当时那里守卫森严，不要说是普通老百姓，即使是高官大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城，否则就会引来杀身之祸，是皇家禁地，所以又称紫禁城，整座城池建成于公元1420xx年，位于天安门广场北侧。 整个院落分为二大部分，即前朝和后寝。前朝是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。后寝是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外，故宫内还有很多其它各式各样、用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半，够多吧! 1920xx年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命推翻了中国长达两千多年的封建社会。1920xx年清帝退位。1920xx年10月10日故宫博物院首次对外开放。1949年新中国成立后先后多次对故宫进行修缮，使它更加壮丽辉煌。1987年北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家请看，故宫四周有的紫工色的宫墙，它高约10米，长约3.5公里。高墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门即故宫正门。北为神武门，城墙四隅各矗立着一座风格独特、造型绮丽的角楼。宫墙外围着一条宽为52米的护城河，使故宫成为一座壁垒森严的城堡。

接下来，大家随我一起去看看最富丽堂皇的建筑，被告称为金銮殿的太和殿。这是皇帝举行大典的地方，大家往里看，大殿高28米，东西宽63米，南北长35米，这里有直径达1米的大柱92根，围绕御座的6根大柱叫蟠龙柱，是用沥粉金漆做成的。在我们正前方就是皇帝的专座御座，设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，宝座是镀金的，扶手是镀银的，4个香炉是用香木做的，可谓是富丽堂皇。后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。

参观完了太和殿，大家再随我往后走，一起去看看中和殿和保和殿。这三个殿构造大相径庭，中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是皇帝宴请外蕃王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。保和殿最让人惊叹的是殿后有一块石雕。石雕长16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，有200多吨重。上面雕着波涛汹涌的大海，腾云驾雾的飞龙。听到这儿，大家不禁想说故宫真不愧为中国宝贵的文化遗产呀!

在故宫博物院里收藏着大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多件是绝无仅有的国宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人可以去自由观赏一下，以加深了解故宫。

好了，我的讲解到此结束，请大家自由参观，记得要注意卫生，除了照片，你什么也别带走;除了身影，你什么也别留下。11时在这保和殿门前集合，可别耽误哟!