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故宫博物院导游词重点写太和殿【最新20篇】

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故宫导游词结尾大全

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 278 字

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大家好,我是今天你们大家这次旅游的导游。我姓曾,大家可以叫我曾导。

现在你们面前的是“外朝”的大门——太和门。故宫分“外朝”和“内廷”两大部分。穿过这扇门,就可以看到故宫三大殿中的最大的一个——太和殿。绕过太和殿,就可以看到中和殿和保和殿。这些就是故宫的三大殿。

看完三大殿,你前面的就是“内廷”的大门——乾清门。这扇门是“外朝”和“内廷”的交点,乾清门以南为“外朝”,以北为“内廷”。穿过这扇门,就可以看到乾清宫。乾清宫后面有交泰殿和坤宁宫。这三座宫殿就是“内廷”中的主要部分。“内廷”的东西翼还有东六宫和西六宫,是宫妃们住的地方。

好了,现在请大家自由参观。

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篇1:沈阳故宫优质导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3128 字

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今天我们游览的是沈阳故宫。 沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一,沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米,有古建筑114座,500多间,至今保存完好,是一处包含着丰富历史文化内涵的古代遗址。 沈阳故宫初建时叫“盛京宫阙”,清迁都北京后又称“陪都宫殿”、“留都宫殿”,并被誉为“国初圣迹”。它始建于1625年(后金天命十年)建成于1636年(清崇德元年),是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用的宫殿,1643年清世祖福临当年也是在这里即位称帝,改元“顺治”。所以沈阳也可以说是“一朝发祥地,三代帝王都”。

沈阳故宫占地面积6万多平方米,全部建筑100余所,500多间,按其布局可分为东路、中路和西路三部分。

东路就是我们面前所看到的这部分建筑,它是努尔哈赤时期所建,具有浓郁的满族特色。东路的建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭,大家看到广场中间的那个八角殿就是大政殿,大政殿又叫“大衙门”、“笃恭殿”,是努尔哈赤听政办公的地方。

大政殿外高18米,下有1.5米高须弥座式台基,周围绕以雕刻精美的青石围栏。是一座八角重檐攒尖顶亭子式建筑,殿顶是黄琉璃瓦镶绿剪边,正中为宝瓶火焰珠攒尖顶,(宝瓶为佛教法器,被视为神圣之物,火焰珠为如意珠,据说得此珠者可以满足各种欲望。)重檐上下各有八条五彩琉璃垂脊,垂脊上各站着一个蒙古力士,面侧对宝顶,腿略弯曲,侧身牵引,象征着“八方归一”。

两旁分列的10个亭子就是十王亭,从整体建筑布局上看,大正殿居中。两旁分列10个亭子,从北向南,呈八字形展开,在视觉上使大正殿更为深远,这种空间处理方式在中国宫殿建筑中仅此一例。十王亭又称“八旗亭”,有的游客可能会想八旗亭(东边为左翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、正白旗亭、镶白旗亭、正蓝旗亭。西边为右翼王婷、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭)该有八个亭子,那另外两个是什么亭子呢?在临近大正殿的左右两端的亭子分别是左翼王亭和右翼王亭,是左右两翼王爷办公的地方,八旗亭是八旗旗主办公的地方。

这种把汗王听证的大殿与八旗王公大臣候朝议事的亭子建在一起的格局,正是努尔哈赤崛起之初实行军政合一的八旗制度所决定的。反映了努尔哈赤晚年一汗独尊,八和硕贝勒共治国政的历史风貌。

大家往西走来到的就是沈阳故宫的中路,中路的建筑主要是皇太极时期所建,在这里上演了很多的历史故事。沈阳故宫中路建筑自成体系,共有三进院落。由南向北依次是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫,他们都排列在一条中轴线上,两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门就是沈阳故宫的正门,俗称午门,我们刚刚就是从那进到故宫里面的,(大清门为五间硬山式建筑),在当时大清门是不可以像现在一样随便进出的。大清门不仅是当时文武群臣候朝的地方。也是皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。当年,明朝著名将领洪承畴、祖大寿等降清后,就是跪在大清门前谢罪请降,候旨传召,受到皇太极的接见的。而当官员升迁或是获罪恩免时也都要在这里遥向北门“崇政殿”叩谢天恩。

大家看我们面前的这座庄严的大殿就是崇政殿,崇政殿原名“正殿”,俗称“金銮殿”,是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。崇政殿为五间九凛硬山式建筑,最引人注目的地方是殿顶的黄琉璃瓦绿剪边,墀头、搏风、鸱吻、山顶、殿脊的五彩琉璃构件,以及浮雕的各色行龙和奇花瑞兽,使得整个大殿更显高贵、肃穆,非常壮观。崇政殿另一个匠心之处就是前后的2根外檐柱上端的抱头梁部位做成龙形,龙首从柱头探出,龙身则穿过廊间直通殿内,两两相对,姿态生动,仿佛群龙从大殿飞腾而出,具有结构和装饰双重功能,设计的十分巧妙。

绕过崇政殿我们看到的这座高大建筑就是凤凰楼,凤凰楼的前庭处于“前朝后寝”的中间,是一个过渡性的院落,凤凰楼建在3.8米高的青砖台基上,台基共有24个台阶象征着24节气,每过24节气即过一年,皇帝每天都踩着这24节台基,寓意着大清的江山能历经千秋万代,凤凰楼是一座三层歇山式建筑,全高18.31米,原名叫“凤翔楼”,是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。1743年(乾隆八年)改成今名,凤凰楼正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”金字横匾,是乾隆皇帝御笔,意思是大清朝国力强盛的福气是从东方的盛京来的,表达了清代帝王对祖先创业之地的顶礼膜拜。凤凰楼既是后宫的大门,又是当时盛京城的最高建筑,所以有“凤楼晓月”、“凤楼观塔”的传称,并被列为盛京八景之一。

穿过凤凰楼,我们现在所处的就是皇太极的后宫,是皇太极和后妃们的住所,后宫的整体建筑都高于前朝的宫殿,这种“宫高殿低”的特色反映了满族的则高而居的传统生活习惯。

对于后宫的特色建筑流行这样一句话:口袋房,万字炕,烟囱落在地面上。

什么是口袋房呢?大家看我们面前的这座五间硬山前后廊式建筑就是清宁宫,大家看清宁宫一共有五间,而门并不是开在中间一间,而是设在东二间的南面,形如口袋。清宁宫原叫“正宫”,是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后(博尔济吉特氏)的寝宫,(称暖阁)1643年(崇德八年)皇太极就端坐在南炕无疾而终。后葬于昭陵。

万字炕又是怎么一回事呢?大家看清宁宫的西三间通连,北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕,形如“万”字,所以人们就俗称为“万字炕”,那“烟囱落在地面上”又是怎么一回事呢?清宁宫的烟囱在清宁宫的后面,是从地面上垒起的,略低于房脊,一会我们可以绕过去看看。

在当时是有这样一种禁令,所有百姓家的烟囱是不允许高过皇宫的烟囱的,寓意着大清王朝“一统天下”,

清宁宫两侧的东西配宫,(东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫,西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫)是妃子们所居住的地方,其中最为著名的是庄妃居住的永福宫,因为1638年(崇德三年)清世祖福临就出生在永福宫。

(刚刚有游客问清宁宫庭院正门的南端的那根很高杆子是干什么的,那是索伦杆,满族人称它为“神杆”是满族人用来祭天的。祭天时在顶端的锡斗里放上五谷杂粮和猪的杂碎,已敬乌鸦,这反映了满族萨满教的灵禽崇拜观念,据说也和乌鸦救主的传说相关。)

接下来我们来到的是沈阳故宫西路,西路建筑是为了适应皇帝东巡的需求而增建的,建于乾隆年间,主要建筑有文溯阁,戏台、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等,套院相接,多尔不乱,是文化气息较浓之处。

文溯阁建于1781年(乾隆46年)至1783年(乾隆48年),为西路建筑中的主体建筑,是仿照明代浙江宁波的大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”修建的,专门收藏乾隆时期编撰的大型图书《四库全书》,也是全国存放《四库全书》的著名七阁之一,阁名是乾隆帝钦定的,因其位于祖宗的发祥地“盛京”,所以取之“溯源求本”之意命名“文溯阁”。(《四库全书》分经、史、子、集四大部分,结构严谨,是我国古代文献中的珍贵遗产,对于弘扬和传播民族文化具有重要意义。)《四库全书》共撰写七部,其中一部就藏在文溯阁,1966年10月,基于战备考虑,辽宁省将《四库全书》秘密运至兰州,后移交到甘肃省图书馆。

文溯阁是硬山式建筑,面阔6间,外面看是重檐2层,在里面看则是3层,带有明显的江南建筑风格样式。与沈阳故宫其他建筑不同,文溯阁顶盖上用的是黑琉璃瓦绿剪边,这在沈阳故宫建筑中是独一无二的。根据五行八卦之说,黑是代表水,书最忌火,以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。

文溯阁东方有方形碑亭一座,内立石碑一块。正面刻有乾隆帝撰写的《御制文溯阁碑记》,背面刻有乾隆撰写的《宋孝宗论》。碑文详细记录了建阁经过和《四库全书》的收藏情况。

文溯阁后为养媳在,是皇帝读书之所,阁前宫门外有嘉荫堂,左右有出廊,南面还有戏台,是乾隆、嘉庆时期皇帝东巡赏戏的场所。

各位游客朋友们,我的讲解到此结束,接下来大家可以自由活动,但是请大家一定要注意人身及财物安全,请大家谨记我们的集合时间和地点,谢谢大家!

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篇2:介绍故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 442 字

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故宫由外朝与内廷两部分组成。外朝以太和殿(金銮殿)、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心,东西以文华殿、武英殿为两翼,是皇帝处理政事、举行重大庆典的地方。内廷以乾清宫(皇帝卧室)、交泰殿、坤宁殿(皇帝结婚新房)为中心,东西两翼有东六宫、西六宫(皇纪宫室),辅以养心殿、奉先殿、斋宫、毓庆宫、宁寿宫、慈宁宫以及御花园等,是皇帝平日处理政务及皇帝、皇后、皇太后、纪嫔、皇子、公主居住、礼佛、读书和游玩的地方。

总体布局为中轴对称,前三殿、后三宫坐落于全城中轴线上,气势雄伟,豪华壮观,为我国现存的最大、最完整的古建筑群,也是世界上别具一格,辉煌壮丽,并具中国古典风格和东方格调的建筑物和世界上最大的皇宫。1920xx年辛亥革命,推翻了满清统治,结束了20xx多年的封建王朝,但被废帝博仪仍居住在故宫后半部分。1920xx年将外朝辟为“古物陈列所”。1920xx年11月5日冯玉祥部将鹿钟麟把博仪驱逐出宫。1920xx年10月10日成立故宫博物院。

它的特产有:白煮肉、鸭掌、刷羊肉、烤鸭、灌肠、豆汁……

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篇3:写北京故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 459 字

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游客们,大家好,我是你们本次故宫浏览的导游——陈念之。大家如果有不懂的问题,请尽管问。在旅游前,请允许我提出几个进故宫应该注意的事项:

一、请不要抽烟。

二、请不要乱丢垃圾。

三、请不要随意离开队伍,以免掉队。

好,现在就开始游故宫吧!我先介绍一下故宫:故宫旧称“紫禁城”,始建于明永乐四年至十八年,也就是公元一四零六年到一四二零年。是明清两代的皇宫,封建皇朝的统治中心。紫禁城周长3400余米,城墙高10米,城墙下宽8。6米,上宽6。66米。大家走过护城河,就可以看到前朝的宫殿。前朝的宫殿以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿为中心。三大殿之后为内廷,有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫以及东西六宫。乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫,其后的坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫。这三宫总称“后三宫”。我们可以在这儿多拍些照片,作为纪念。现在我们来到了故宫后面的御花园里。这里楼台亭阁,翠绿苍松,点缀着奇花异石,趣味盎然。远远望去,一重重黄色的琉璃瓦,一道道深红色的围墙,加上汉白玉栏杆和梁柱装饰,令人感到故宫规模宏伟,气象万千。

朋友们,本次浏览快要结束了,故宫欢迎大家下次光临!

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篇4:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 514 字

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各位女士们、先生们,小朋友们:大家好!欢迎大家光临故宫。很高兴今天能为大家服务。我是导游李栋,大家叫我小李就行了。故宫是中国最大的皇家园林博物馆,我很高兴能有机会陪各位欣赏它美丽的建筑艺术,共度这段美好的时光。

故宫博物院,又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心,今天人们称它为故宫。它玲珑剔透,造型别致,是中国古建筑中的杰作。

游客们,现在我们来到了太和殿。太和殿为故宫三大殿之首,建在5米高的汉白玉台基上,台基四周矗立着雕龙石柱。走近太和殿,您就会发现皇后居住的地方,里面都是龙椅、龙椅还有沥粉金漆的龙柱。

游客们,我们继续往前走,现在来到的是中和殿,中和殿在太和殿之后,是故宫三大殿之一。该殿是一座单攒尖顶的方形殿。黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶,是皇上生活的地方。

再往里走就是保和殿,保和殿位于中和殿之后,是故宫三大殿之尾。保和殿东西两侧的房子现该为历代艺术陈列馆,陈列有从原始社会到清代月六千年的中华艺术瑰宝。

再向纵深行进就是御花园,占地面积一万一千平方米,以钦安殿为中心,是皇上的后花园。

各位游客,我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能和大家度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么建议或要求,请提出宝贵意见,我一定尽力改正。祝大家玩的愉快。谢谢!

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篇5:关于故宫的导游词300字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 577 字

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各位朋友:

大家好!欢迎来到故宫,我是今天的小导游,跟我一起去参观一下故宫吧!

大家现在看到的是故宫的正门。它叫午门。午门又称五凤楼。远远望去,五座崇楼在楼顶展翅飞翔,既雄伟又壮观,大家可以亲身体验一下哦!

现在大家看到的是太和殿,是末代皇帝举行登基大典礼的地方。太和殿高35米,东西长64米,南北宽33米,总面积为2377平方米。这顶皇椅金碧辉煌,刻着无数条龙,代表着大清皇帝的威严和权势。皇椅前放着一张也刻着龙的板凳,是为了让皇帝舒服,给皇帝搁脚用的。现在大家可以尽情地拍照留念,不过只给大家10分钟时间哦。

现在咱们来到的是刻着龙的石板上。石板上有各式各样的龙,有的蜿蜒盘旋,有的两条龙互相缠绕在一起,千姿百态。

大家跟着我,继续走,现在来到的是御花园。里面有用石头拼凑成的一尊石像。看上去两只眼睛目不转睛地盯着你,可恐怖了!用石头堆积成的一座小小的山上长着一簇草,十分引人注目!御花园里有许多绿色的草木,对眼睛近视的人特别好哦!这儿的花,有的含苞欲放,有的争奇斗艳,有的还只有一两片花瓣。御花园里还有“送星”,让人看了眼花缭乱。这里还有瀑布呢,大家一定会想起李白的一句诗:“飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。”虽然它不是那么长,但也挺好看的。现在大家可以敬请参观,30分钟后我们集合。

好了,各位亲爱的朋友,故宫参观完了,大家觉得美吗?欢迎大家再次来故宫参观。

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篇6:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 426 字

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大家好,我叫陈吉知惠,大家叫我陈吉就行了,这次去参观北京故宫,我就是大家的导游,希望大家旅途愉快!

参观故宫,一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍贵的文物。我重点为大家讲一下丰富多彩的建筑艺术。

故宫建筑丰富多彩,仅不同形式的屋顶就有10种以上,比如故宫的正门“午门”又叫“五凤楼”,为什么叫“五凤楼”呢?因为在十米高的城墙上耸立着五座城楼,楼顶屋檐翘起,从上面看就像五只展翅欲飞的凤凰,所以又叫“五凤楼”。

故宫内有很多大小不一的宫殿,据说共有九千九百九十九间半,够多吧!打个比方说,如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始,每晚住不同的房间,等他住完所有房间以后,已经是一个27岁的年轻人啦。

其实故宫里只有八千七百零七间,为什么呢,这里面还有个小故事呢。永乐皇帝当时想盖九千九百九十九间半,但丞相刘伯温在出去买材料时,看见老百姓的生活越来越苦,就出一些钱分给了老百姓,结果剩下的钱就不够盖那么多房间了。

好了,现在大家自由参观半小时,半小时后在午门前集合。

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篇7:故宫英文导游词_导游词范文_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 31147 字

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故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

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篇8:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 396 字

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各位游客大家好:

我是你们的导游陈琪琪,大家可以叫我小陈就行了。

接下来的几天中就由我来为大家一起来游览北京故宫博物院的名胜风景,希望通过我的讲解,能够使您对北京留下一个好印象,同时也对我的工作提出宝贵意见,好,接下来我们就开始今天的旅行吧!

故宫是明、清朝时的皇宫,也是当今世界规模最大建筑最雄伟,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个世纪以来最高权力中心,它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群,成为明清时代中国物价历史的见证,1987年,北京故宫被联合国列入[ 世界遗产名录]。

故宫坐北朝南,开有四条门。各位朋友,这里就是故宫的正门,叫午门,意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。

各位请看,在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座城楼,从上面看就像物质展翅飞的凤凰,故午门又称五凤楼。大家可以在这里拍照留影吧!

好啦!现在大家自由活动,晚上六点在故宫门前集合,祝大家有玩开心。

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篇9:关于故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 14455 字

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首先我来介绍故宫的概况。

故宫过去叫紫禁城,它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(142019年)永乐十八年建成,占地面积72万多平方米,距今已有62019年的历史。在这里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学非常发达的国家,早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中,人们发现,有一颗星的位置是不变的,始终居于天空的正中,它是紫微星,也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿,称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子,就是天帝的儿子,他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”,这是其一,其二呢,皇帝居住的宫院,对寻常老百姓来说,是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来,所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣,也就是永乐皇帝在142019年开始营建的,用了2019年的时间才全部建成,1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统,共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过,统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半,实际上是8700多间,是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿沿中轴线排列,并向两边展开,左右对称,格局严正,气魄雄伟,极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时,不仅仅可以亲身接触到它的一砖一瓦,还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道,这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的,您定会爱不够,也看不够。再者说,在那些文物的背后,在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事,足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话,您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫,就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”,因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧藏文物的基础上,建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可能会问了,那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢?不要着急,这还要从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。192019年,辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治,192019年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说,这座宫殿应该收归国有。可是,按照当时的规定,溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分,长达十几年。

在1924年冬季的一天,冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟,将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫,同时成立“清室善后委员会”,接管故宫,并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备,1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天,为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝,许多人拥向故宫,北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞,这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天,到底接待了多少游客,我们不知道。可这几年,每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的,算起来,每天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了,在这么长的时间,尤其是新中国成立后,故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面,取得了巨大的进步。您知道吗?目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件,占全国文物馆藏总量的十分之一,其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢?那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢?这150多万件文物种类齐全,包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器,以及大量帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来,故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外,又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆,并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。另外,你还可以到故宫的网站上看看,网址是:.. (D是英文Digital 数字的意思;PM是Palace Museum,故宫的意思。中文意思就是数字故宫。

城池

午门 是皇宫的正门,因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝,它的地位非常重要,许多重大仪式都是在这里举行的。比如:每年农历十月,皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一年的历书。另外,打完仗,将士得胜回朝后,要在午门前举行隆重的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月十五的元宵节,这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天,而且允许平民百姓来赏灯游玩,显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而,说到这午门,大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实,这句话纯属误传,北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎么传出来的呢?过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政,经常出现意见不和的情况。在明朝时,皇帝就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子,它是一种碗口粗的毛竹,里面还要灌上水银,据说是为了加大杀伤力,几杖下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间,就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门 故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外,还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口大钟,每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。这里说的更,是过去人们对夜间的计时方法,一更约为两个小时,一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天1点,正是三更的时候,所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每天夜幕降临后,在击鼓报初更之前,先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静,紫禁城里的人们,都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门 是整个明代皇宫的东门,与西华门一东一西,遥相对应。东华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为,而是处于靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门,门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。这个门的职能与东华门相同,是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地,或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故,大多数朝臣一般进出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼 在紫禁城高高的城墙上,有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。它们像四颗明珠,镶嵌在高大的城墙上,它们不仅是我国,也是世界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂,它一共有三层檐。关于这角楼的建造,还有一个故事呢,我来说说吧。 相传,明朝的永乐皇帝在修建皇宫时,特意指定要在紫禁城的死角,各建造一座“九梁十八柱七十二脊”的角楼,并且限期100天,盖不好要杀头。谁也没有见过这么复杂的建筑阿,这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要到了,工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是,来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。他那蝈蝈笼子非常精致漂亮,大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸,“一根梁,两根梁…..”一数,一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎,这部正式咱们要盖的角楼吗!大家非常兴奋,突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿,可一看,老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说,这是鲁班爷显灵,来救我们了。于是,工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河 紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米,深6米的护城河,河岸陡直,由条石砌成,俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间,戒备森严。护城河水的源头是京西的玉泉山,玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥,流到市中心的后海,然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流,经景山西门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕,农历七月,荷花盛开,十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外,剩余的拿到市场上卖,所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河,一条是内金水河,一条是外金水河。外金水河在天安门前,其水系来自护城河西边的河段,护城河河水到达宫墙西南角后,进入地道,在从织女桥流出,绕过社稷坛,从外金水桥流过,经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸,流出皇城。内金水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水,河水沿内廷西区供电墙外向南流,在慈宁花园墙外向东南转,蜿蜒经武英殿,在太和门前广场形成一个优美的拱形渠,然后转向北流经文渊阁,在銮驾库的西边流出皇宫。整条内金水河在皇宫里绵延2019多米,河上共有大大小小21座桥,还有10多处涵洞。内金水河除有排泄雨水、方便宫中取水、消防等实际功能之外,增加精致也是其中不可忽视的因素。

太和门和三大殿

太和门 朋友们,到了皇宫,您一定想知道皇帝上早朝的地方吧,太和门,就是明朝“御门听证”的地方。所谓御门听证,就是大家所说的上早朝,由皇帝和大臣们讨论、处理国家大事。 在人们的印象中,皇帝上朝都是在威严的大殿里,其实不然。每天清晨,皇帝从后宫出来,坐在这太和门种种摆放的龙椅上。王公大臣们按照文东武西的顺序,站在门下的广场上,向皇帝奏事。皇帝身边站着当班的内阁学士,负责记录皇帝的意见,退朝后再稍加整理,颁行天下,这就是我们常说的“圣旨”或“上谕”,国家的日常事务就在这太和门商量决定了。说到这里,也许您会想到:在露天的门外办公,万一刮风下雨怎么办呢?其实别说刮风下雨,就是平常这里也不打舒服。但按当时的规定:皇帝和大臣们每天都要上早朝。不过,制度是死的,人是活的。封建社会每个朝代的头一两个皇帝一般都还比较勤奋,后代的皇帝就贪图享乐,把祖父辈打江山时的艰辛和治天下短裤新都抛到脑后了。明朝也不例外,中后期的万历皇帝竟长达24年不临朝。历史学家曾说过“明之亡,则亡于神宗”就是说明朝的灭亡正是从这位明神宗开始的。到清朝的时候,将御门听证改在故宫的乾清门。

金水桥 在太和殿前面有五座精致的汉白玉石桥,这就是著名的金水桥。您知道它为什么叫“金水桥”吗?我先说桥下这条河的水,它来自京城西面的玉泉山,从紫禁城的西北进入,东南流出。而古人推崇阴阳五行学说,就是金木水火土这五种物质,认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金,所以取名“金水河”,那上面的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了,我们都知道,天安门外也有金水桥,那是外金水桥,而我们眼前的是内金水桥,这金水河不光起到了装饰庭院的作用,也是紫禁城里重要的消防水源和排水渠道,故宫中的水源是很少的,一旦宫殿着火,金水河里的水就非常珍贵了。

太和殿 在宽阔的太和门广场上,广场中间有一条青白石铺成的御道,这条御道当年只有皇帝才能走。从太和门广场北望,在那高大、漂亮的汉白玉台基上,有座雄伟的建筑叫太和殿,也就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。这汉白玉台基高达8米,比现在的两层楼还要高。修建这么高的台基,为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。咱们国家古建筑的主体是木结构,而木材本身又不可能很高大,于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起,以增强气势。 在紫禁城所有宫殿中,以这座金銮殿最受尊崇,当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在这里举行。比如说,皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后,还有在发生战争时派将出征,都要在太和殿举行非常隆重地典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典,皇帝要这里接受百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆,也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节,皇帝也要在这里举行盛大的宴会。其实这个元旦不是咱们现在的新年,而是农历的大年初一_—春节。冬至是一年当日光照时间最短的一天,古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子,值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天,次日在太和殿接受王公大臣的朝贺,而万寿节则是当朝皇帝自己的生日。您可能在电视剧中看到过举行大典的场景把,这广场的两要布置雄壮的仪仗队,文武百官就跪在这御道的两旁。而皇帝是坐在太和殿内的宝座上,接受官员们的叩拜大礼的。既然太和殿的地位这么重要,在建筑规格上自然就是最高、最大的了。它的建筑面积是2377平方米。不仅在紫禁城内,就是从全国范围看,也是现存最大的木结构宫殿。从它的屋脊到地面,高达35米,比现在的10层楼房还要高。讲到这里,不知您是否注意到这么一个问题。您看,这么大的一个广场,怎么连一颗树也没有?原来,这是为了突出三大殿的壮观和皇帝的尊严。您想一想,如果这里松柏参天,三大殿掩映在树荫之中,那还能有现在这种气势马?再者说,这里是举行重大典礼的地方,要求格外庄严肃穆。如果有了树木,仪仗和百官的站位都会受到影响,将有损于典礼的严肃性。如此说来,是这些宫殿建筑的功能,决定了这里不能种树。 在太和殿的汉白玉台基上,有许多青铜鼎,其实那时香炉,因为它们是模仿周朝的鼎造的,所以叫鼎式炉。三层石台上共有18个香炉,象征着清朝的18个行省。每当大典时,就在香炉腹部装上香料,然后将香料点燃,18个香炉就一起散出缕缕青烟,使太和殿显得更加神秘庄严。 太和殿外面两边平台的两个角落,各有一件汉白玉雕凿的器具。在一块圆石板上,中间插一根铁针,周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时,铁针的投影指向哪个时刻,就表示是什么时辰了。它叫日晷,是古代的一种计时工具。与日晷对称的位置,是一座石头亭子,它叫嘉量。在嘉量的里面石斛(hu)、斗、升、合(ge)、龠(yue)五种计量器具,一直到近代,人们还常用斗和升来称量东西。为什么要把这两件器具摆放在这儿呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。在中国古代,时间和度量衡是非超重要的,它代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间,只有天子才能代表上天,行使规定时间和计量的权力,它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的统龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的,但还有一定的寓意。我们都知道,龟、鹤是长寿的动物,在太和殿的两边摆放上龟、鹤,象征着国运永昌。 我们都知道故宫有8700多间房子,而这太和殿,就有55间,这是怎么回事呢?因为在古代,我们把四根柱子之间算一间屋子,而太和殿是横11间、纵5间,就是55间了。所以说,整个故宫也只是由几百座宫殿。 摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅,就是民间俗称的金銮宝座。它是用紫檀木制成,从明朝到清朝一直是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度,给人一种非常稳定的感觉,象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。大殿里的柱子,靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子,他表面贴的是金箔,6根金柱拱卫着那巨大的龙椅,把皇帝衬托得更加尊贵、庄严。此外还有66根朱红色的柱子。这些柱子都是用才子东北长白山的红松制成的,每根高12米,直径1米多,两个人都抱不过来。当年没有显得的大型运输工具,要采伐、运输这么的木材,实在是一件非常艰难的事情。 在太和殿的天花板上,有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称,就是指天花板中间镂孔雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙,就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下面,吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球,它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究,您听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝,而咱们现代人都是它们的后代,所以中国人都说自己是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”,而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜,表示自己三正统黄帝,而且有轩辕氏的保佑。 太和殿地面上铺的是一种亮亮的方砖。您听说过紫禁城“金砖墁地”吗?指的就是这种“金砖”。这种砖并不是拿黄金制成的,那它为什么会叫金砖呢?这种砖是在今天苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的,所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人发“京”这个字音时,听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之,这京砖被叫成金砖了。虽说这砖不是用黄金制成,可是由于它的制作方法独特,工艺复杂,它的质地更像大理石一样细密、坚固,尽管经历了几百年的摩擦,依然光亮如镜,再加上烧制、铺墁这种砖的费用也是很高的,所以,冠以“金砖”的美名,也是名副其实。

中和殿 太和殿后面有一座四四方方、象亭子一样的建筑,是中和殿。它是黄帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前,皇帝从后宫出来,在中和殿稍作停留。当太和殿所有的仪式都准备好后,有专门的人来导引着皇帝,沿中间的御道,从太和殿的后门走近去。当皇帝一落座,就要焚香、奏乐、响鞭,整个大典便开始了。由于这里是皇帝大典之前做准备工作的地方,所以他在后来逐渐成为举行各种祭祀、典礼时的准备场所。在各种祭祀活动中,有一项很特殊,那就是每年春天的祭农。每年春分,皇帝要到先农坛,那里有一块皇帝的“自留地”,就是咱们俗称的“一亩三分地”。平常有专门的官员管理,但到了春分那天,皇帝要亲自到这块田地上,扶扶犁,锄锄地,这叫行“亲耕礼”,祈求五谷丰登。皇帝在去先农坛之前,要在中和殿举行一个仪式,看一看他要用的农具,这也反映皇帝对农业的重视。当然了,中和殿还有其他用途。比如皇帝要在这里阅视家谱。皇族和老百姓一样,也有自己的家谱,皇帝的家谱叫“玉牒”。玉是玉器的玉,牒是通牒的牒,每隔十年重修一次。这里要说明一句,皇帝的家谱虽名为玉牒,但并不是用玉制成的,也是用纸张书写,只是为了强调皇帝家谱的高贵,才称为玉牒。中和殿的另一个用途,是皇帝在这里为皇太后上徽号。皇帝为了表示孝道,要在寿庆和节日给皇太后上一些吉祥的称号,叫做徽号。像我们熟悉的“慈禧”“慈安”就是徽号。

保和殿是一座非常著名的宫殿,在明清两朝,这里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日,皇帝都要在这里宴请文武百官,以示庆贺。一些少数民俗的领袖,像西藏的高僧,蒙古王公来皇宫,皇帝也要在这里设宴款待,以示笼络。公主出嫁,皇帝也要在这里宴请亲家,表示对他们的尊重。然而,保和殿在读书人的心目中,地位是最高的,因为从清朝乾隆年间开始,保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能,成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元,就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎,暮登天子堂。将相本无种,男儿当自强!您听过这首童谣吗?它的前两句是说一个青年早上还在为地主放牛,晚上就到天子堂来考试了。而“天子堂”,指的就是这保和殿。这里形容读书人的一步登天,其实当年可不是这样的。在当年,能够到这座大殿内参加考试,就应经是非常非常不容易了。因为来到这里的考生,都是从全国众多学子中,经过从地方到京城层层考试选出来的。一个读书人,熟读“四书五经”之后,首先要中秀才。中了秀才就是读书人,到县衙大堂,见县官就不用跪了。秀才要去省会城市考试考“乡试”,考中为举人,举人就可以做县令之类的小官了,社会地位也会得到很大的提升。您还记得吗,在电视剧《铁齿痛牙纪晓岚》里就有秀才参加乡试,考官们徇私作弊的情节。其实,中举对于科举之路来说,只是万里长征走完了第一步。举人们还要到京城的国子监去考“会试”。然后才有资格到这座宫殿参加考试,所以叫“殿试”。“殿”就是保和殿的“殿”。殿试每三年举行一次,由皇帝亲自主考。从早上考到晚上,整整一天。阅卷工作全部结束,皇帝要在太和殿进行一个隆重的发榜仪式,称之为“金殿传胪”。所有参加殿试的贡生们都云集在太和广场,皇帝亲自在大典上宣读前三名的名字。考中第一名的称为状元,第二,第三名称为榜眼和探花。这三个人可以很荣耀的从午门正中的门洞走出紫禁城,这是皇帝对他们的恩宠。

云龙石雕 故宫中,在许多宫殿的前台都有石雕,用浮雕的手法刻出游龙、翔凤等图案。这些石雕主要为了装饰,显示皇家的威严和气派。在这些大大小小的石雕中,保和殿后也就是台阶中间的云龙石雕是最大的一块。石雕的图案,从上到下,刻着九条形态各异、栩栩如生的游龙,嬉戏于云海之中,非常生动、精美。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的,现在长16.57米,宽3.07米,平均厚度1.70米,重量达200多吨。这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村,距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前,没有任何现代化运输工具的情况下,是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢?这是一个非常有趣的话题。简单地说,就是借助冰,是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。工匠们从紫禁城到大石窝村,每隔一里地打一口井。到了严冬季节,从井里把水提上来,泼在路面上,就这样波一条100多华里的冰道。我们知道,饼面上的摩擦力小的多。就是这种能够情况下,仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马,用了近一个月时间,耗银11万两,才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里,其艰难程度可想而知。每个人站在它面前,都不得不从心底叹服古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

铜缸 故宫里有许多大缸,您想这些大缸是做什么用的呢?这些缸是储水防火用的,故宫里现在总共有308口铜缸或铁缸,分散在各个宫殿附近。故宫的缸都有一个特点,缸底的石基都留有一个方口。因为北京的冬天很冷,户外的水很容易结冰,所以入冬以后,专门有太监来管理这些缸。在缸的外面套上棉套,上面盖上缸盖,低下烧上炭火,一直烧到惊蛰时节气温回升了才撤火,基座下的方口就是烧炭的炭口。这些缸大部分都是用青铜铸成的,缸外面是镏金的,一口缸要用黄金约3公斤。金灿灿的镏金铜缸衬着红墙,十分华贵气派。可是,如果我们走到前朝宫殿旁边,会发现那里的缸表面只留下了斑斑的黄迹。这是怎么回事呢?说道这儿,我要讲一段令人心酸的历史了。100多年前,也就是公元192019年,八国联军以镇压义和团的名义,侵略北京。当他们进入紫禁城后,对宫廷物品进行了大肆劫掠,抢走了数不清的玉器、玛瑙、佛像,许多珍贵图书、档案也被破坏。这些大缸表面,金灿灿的黄金夜难逃此劫。贪婪的侵略者用刺刀把缸表面的镏金一点点刮去,留下横七竖八的刀痕,引起我们痛苦的回忆,提醒我们要勿忘国耻,自强不息!

横街

在保和殿和乾清门之间有条狭长的广场,是紫禁城内的一条分界线,称“横街”,又叫乾清门广场。横街以南是外朝,是举行重大典礼的场所。横街以北是皇帝后妃们居住的地方。从这里向北的一片金碧辉煌的宫殿,就是紫禁城的内廷。在内廷紫禁城的中轴线上有三座宫殿,依次是乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫,称为后三宫,再往北是御花园。两侧各有六座规制相同的院落,就是妃嫔们居住的东六宫和西六宫。东六宫的东侧,有皇帝供奉祖先的奉献殿和乾隆打算养老的宁寿全宫。在内廷中轴线的西面,有一大片宫殿,是供太后、太妃们居住的慈宁宫、寿康宫。另外,还有一座很高的建筑,与周围其他殿堂有很大差异。那是外西路的一处佛堂,叫雨花阁,是故宫中最大的一处佛堂。这座阁楼的形制与其他宫殿明显不同,它的四个屋脊各雕有一条铜铸镏金的龙,四条游龙栩栩如生,呼之欲出。

军机处 在乾清门西高墙边,有排又矮又小的房子,比起紫禁城里那些高大的宫殿,它们实在是太不起眼了。可是正像俗话所说的“人不可貌相”一样,这几间小房子也非比寻常,因为这就是鼎鼎大名的“军机处”所在地。您在各种文学、影视作品中所看到的“军机大臣”,就在这里值班。清朝为什么要把军机处那样一个非常重要的机构,放在这么一个不起眼的地方呢?就是因为这排房子的一墙之隔就是皇帝居住的养心殿。雍正初年,西北地区放生大规模的武装叛乱,军情紧急,雍正皇帝经常在养心殿昼夜不停的和大臣们商量如何评定叛乱。为了随时召见这些大臣,雍正便将养心殿外这排平房作为大臣们休息和等候的地方。这样一来,既节省了时间,又有利于保密。于是,军机处成为正式的国家机关,国家的军政大事都在这里决断,而本来掌握朝政大权的内阁变成空架子。军机大臣的人选要皇帝亲自在大学士、尚书、侍郎等大臣中选任。这样军机处就完全置于皇帝的直接控制之下了。而军机大臣确实有一定权势。要是没有过人的才能,还是不可能成为军机大臣的。一位大臣初入军机处,叫学习“行走”,他每天的工作就是誊写诗片。皇帝每天口诵所制诗文,这位大臣只能肃立静听,然后回到军机处根据记忆将皇帝的诗文誊些出来,也能做到准确无误了,才能参加撰写皇帝的谕旨。皇帝的谕旨,有时一天好几次,有时一说就是几百句话,听了以后,仅凭记忆,要能写的完全符合皇帝的本意才行。您说,这活儿容易吗?

景运门 在明朝时期可是戒备森严,没有皇帝的诏令,就是王公大臣也不能进入。因为,这是进入皇宫内院的必经之门。在景运门西面,有一个和它正对着的门,叫隆宗门,隆宗门的作用及管理办法,和景运门完全一样的。

后三宫

乾清门,它和南面的太和门有异曲同工之处。太和门是明朝“御门听证”的场所,清朝则改在这里。清代的许多重大国事比如平定吴三桂等人的叛乱、抗击沙皇俄国的侵略、出兵收复中国台湾等。都是在这里讨论决策的。乾清门内是一个不大的院子,周围有一些看上去很普通的长廊式房屋,您可千万别小看这些没有气派的平房,中国历史上许多重大历史事件就发生在这里。您听说过康熙智擒鳌拜的故事吗?这历史上真实的一幕,就发生在乾清门西侧的叫南书房的屋子里。康熙做皇帝的时候只有8岁,又鳌拜登四名大臣辅政,鳌拜居功自傲,专横跋扈。有很大野心。他通过大肆结党营私,迫害异己逐渐总揽了朝廷大权,干了许多坏事。康熙14岁时,名义上正式亲政,可实际上鳌拜仍然控制着朝廷,把康熙置于傀儡地位。有一次,鳌拜和一个大臣发生争执,鳌拜在朝堂上,就和皇帝大吵大闹,后来竟然撸起袖子、伸出拳头,胁迫康熙。康熙只好暂时忍耐。从那以后,康熙决心除掉这块绊脚石。然而鳌拜是满族贵族中有名的“勇士”武功极好,又手握大权,在朝中有一大帮党羽,要扳倒鳌拜也不是件容易的事。康熙决定智取,假装迷上了摔跤,他让人找了十几个身体强壮并和自己年龄相仿的少年,天天在一起玩摔跤。有时鳌拜进宫办事,看到小皇帝这样贪玩,认为不会有什么作为,就更加不把皇帝放在心上,做着独揽大权的美梦。经过一年多的训练,康熙认为时机已经成熟,便在康熙八年五月的一天,召鳌拜来南书房讲书,当时这里是康熙读书的地方。当鳌拜像往常一样趾高气扬的走进去时,突然拥上一帮少年,连拉带绊把他按倒在地,鳌拜还以为这帮孩子在跟他开玩笑。当他被捆绑住后,康熙严厉的列举了鳌拜的30条罪状。考虑到鳌拜毕竟为清朝立下过汗马功劳,宣布将他终生监禁。不可一世的鳌拜后来死在狱中。这一年康熙皇帝才16岁。

乾清宫 是皇帝的寝宫,明朝的14位皇帝和清朝的顺治,康熙两位皇帝都曾在这里居住,并在这里批阅奏章、召见官员、接见外国使节。从清朝第五代皇帝雍正开始,将寝宫移到了养心殿。宫殿里宝座的上方,悬挂着一块牌匾,上面写着“正大光明”四个大字。这块匾是康熙皇帝临摹顺治皇帝的笔迹写成的,在学多电视剧中出现过,可以说它是紫禁城中最重要的一块匾,为什么这么说呢,有两个理由:首先“正大光明”这四个字是清朝皇帝标榜的祖训格言,制成扁悬挂在这里,作为立身、齐家、治国、平天下的基本准则。再者,它和清朝雍正皇帝创立的秘密建储制度有关。储是储存的储,建储业叫立储,就是确立皇位继承人。我国历代王朝,大都采取公开建储的方式,立为太子的多是嫡长子,也就是皇后生的第一个儿子。可是皇帝的儿子一般都很少,不少皇子都做着皇帝梦,他们为此往往拉帮结伙、勾心斗角,甚至发展为同胞骨肉互相残杀,您看过电视剧《康熙王朝》吗?剧中的康熙皇帝就因为建储而遇到问题:他曾两次立嫡长子胤礽为太子,又两次把他废掉。此后康熙便不再提太子的人选,直到他临死之前,才下诏书,让四子胤祯继承皇位,这就是雍正皇帝。由于康熙朝的太子长期不定,而雍正即位又比较突然,所以民间就盛传雍正是偷改了康熙皇帝的遗诏而登上皇帝宝座的。据说,康熙写的是“传位十四子”,雍正勾结负责传召的故名大臣隆科多将“十”字上面加一横,下面加意钩,改称了了“于”字,成为“传位于四子”。事实果真如此吗?据清史专家考证,这种传说是靠不住的,因为清代这种传位诏书要用满汉两种文字书写。这样看来,雍正并不是靠篡改诏书登上皇位的。雍正皇帝即位后,吸取历史教训,决定将公开立太子的制度,该为秘密建储。秘密建储的做法是,皇帝在位时不公开确立太子,通过对皇子们的全面考查,选定皇位接班人,并秘密的将这个皇子的名字写在两份诏书上,一份由混各地随身带着,另一份装在一个小盒子里,密封好后,就放在这块“正大光明”匾背后。当皇帝病危时或去世后,由朝廷重臣和王公贵族,一起把这两份诏书取出来,对照无异后,即按照上面的名字公布下一任皇帝。这种方法确实减少了皇子之间的争斗。雍正皇帝设立了这种秘密建储制度后,他的儿子乾隆皇帝就是以这种方式登上皇位的。

交泰殿 是以做四方的亭式建筑。这座宫殿上的彩画图案和其他宫殿的是有区别的。所绘彩画是一对对飞翔凤凰,而其他宫殿基本上都是一对对游龙。在封建社会,龙是皇帝的象征,而凤凰是皇后的象征。皇后头上戴的是凤冠,穿的是凤头鞋,住的是凤楼。说到这儿您是不是已经想到了交泰殿的用途,原来这交泰殿是宫内专门为皇后准备的正殿。在皇宫中,皇后的地位也是非常尊贵的。每年的一些重要节日,如元旦,还有千秋节,也就是皇后的生日,皇后就会端坐在交泰殿内的宝座上,接受宫内嫔妃以及一些高级官员大夫人的朝拜。殿内正上方悬挂的那张匾写有“无为”二字。这两个字很是耐人寻味,无为是古代的一种政治思想,讲究清静无为、清心寡欲,其实就是不要有太多的作为,凡是要顺其自然。交泰殿虽然不大,里面的陈设却非常丰富。宝座两旁有一些蒙着布的方架子颇引人注目。当年这些架子上放置着象征皇权的大印,一共有25方,习惯上称为二十五宝,这些都是乾隆皇帝亲自选出来的。在殿的两侧,还有两件大型计时器,东边的叫“铜壶滴漏”,西边的叫“大自铭钟”。铜壶滴漏是中国古代传统的计时器,大自铭钟是吸收西方近代科学仿造的钟表。

坤宁宫 是后三宫的最后一宫。我们知道后三宫中最前面的是乾清宫,从名字上看,按照中国传统文化的解释,这“坤宁”二字同乾清宫的“乾清”二字是非常对应的,“乾”指天,象征着阳;“坤”指地,象征着阴。“清”“宁”都是表示安定、和谐的意思。您该猜到坤宁宫的作用了吧!乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫,那坤宁宫自然是皇后的寝宫了。在明朝,除了个别失宠的皇后外,其他皇后都住在这座宫殿内。清代,顺治和康熙时期,皇后依然住在坤宁宫里。到了雍正皇帝时,由于皇帝搬出乾清宫,皇后也就不再住坤宁宫了,于是对坤宁宫作了改建。从此,这座古老的宫殿在结构和功能上,都发生了有趣的变化。首先说,这座宫殿的正门不居中,而是偏向东边,这是东北地区满族的建筑特色,再者说,坤宁宫的窗户纸都糊在窗棂的外面,过去人们说东北三大怪,其中就有这“窗户纸糊在外”。在风沙大地区,这种把窗户纸糊在密集的窗棂外面的方法,既可以使窗户纸不易被风刮破,还可以使窗棂上不落灰尘。屋内的陈设,就更有特色了。大殿的西半部分较大,是萨满教举行祭神的场地。萨满教是满足的民族宗教,在东北地区非常流行,它是一个多神教,佛教中的释迦牟尼、观音菩萨,汉族民间祭拜的关云长,以及山里的虎、鹿、猪、熊,路边的石头、树林等都是萨满教的祭祀对象。坤宁宫东侧是皇帝皇后大婚的洞房。按照礼仪,帝、后新婚,要这这里住满三天。三天之后,皇帝搬到养心殿,而皇后在东西六宫中中选择一宫居住。洞房中的陈列室末代皇帝溥仪和他的“皇后”婉容大婚的原状。洞房的墙上涂着红漆,地上铺着红地毯,到处都是红色,在洞房的门口和东侧过道的木影壁上,各有一个大红底金色双喜字,寓意着“开门见喜”。靠窗户的大炕,是皇帝和皇后因交杯酒、唱交祝歌的地方。屋内靠西北墙的地方摆有皇帝和皇后的龙凤喜床。

坤宁门 是御花园的入口。到了这里,古柏老槐扑面而来,有一种神清气爽的感觉。御花园的面积并不大,它东西长130多米,南北宽90米,总面积不超过12019平方米。但古代的工匠们就利用这一方小小得天地,安排了各类建筑20多座、古树160株,还有两座假山、两方水池及散布其间的大量奇花异石,使御花园显得格外典雅、幽静,幽赏起来,美不胜收。

御花园

钦安殿 走进天一门,在钦安殿的前面,您能看到两棵长的很奇特的柏树。这两棵树的根和主干彼此独立,但从树杈上就相依相偎,难分彼此了。人们称它为“连理树”、“连理枝”。古代人把这种连理枝又叫“合欢树”、“夫妻树”。其实它们不是天然形成的,在它们很小的时候,园艺工匠就将它们拧到了一起,最后长成了这个样子。您知道吗,钦安殿是整个故宫中最古老的建筑,它是从明代保存下来的,距现在已经有580多年的历史了。明清两朝都在这里供奉玄武大帝。玄武大帝也叫真武大帝,是水神。皇宫都是木结构的房子,非常怕火,过去由于没有避雷针,曾多次着火。特别是太和殿,因为最高大,更容易遭受雷击,自明初建成以来,曾经发生五次较大的火灾。所以封建帝王们特意在宫中专门找一个宫殿供奉水神,祈求保佑皇宫的安全。而且,这连理枝前的门叫天一门,门的名字也跟水有关系。《易经》上说“天一生水”,水是灭火的,于是起这个名字,用水镇火,图个吉利。我们都知道,浙江宁波有一座明代的藏书楼叫“天一阁”,也是取这个意思。当然,这些都是一种心理上的安慰罢了。

养性斋 是座凹字形的两层楼阁式建筑。它的外墙倚着御花园的墙壁,海棠树、太湖石环绕周围,环境很优雅,在这儿居住一定很舒服。谁在这儿住过呢?他就是末代皇帝溥仪的英文老师。这位英文老师是苏格兰人,中文名字叫庄士敦。他是一个中国通,中国话也讲的非常流利。在电影《末代皇帝》中,就有这位英文教师的镜头。溥仪在《我的前半生》中写道,自己念书厌烦的时候,庄士敦能循循善诱,“讲些山南海北、古今中外的掌故。”他称赞庄士敦是自己的又一个灵魂。因此,溥仪特意把这养性斋,赏赐给庄士敦当书房兼卧室。当然,溥仪学习英文就业在这里了。

堆秀山,它是用江苏太湖流域的“太湖石”人工堆砌成的。太湖石是在太湖里被湖水多次冲刷而形成的奇形怪状的石头。要细算起来,这堆秀山“太湖石”的历史比整个皇宫都古老,听我们讲讲吧。在北宋的都城开封,过去由一座山叫“艮岳”,就是用太湖石堆成的。可是建好后不久,北宋就被金朝灭亡了,艮岳山也毁了。等到明朝初年修建紫禁城时,就把这些石头运到这儿,堆成了我们眼前的堆秀山。所以这些太湖石有近102019年的历史了。在山脚下,正中有一个门洞,在门洞的东西两侧各有一座人工喷泉。那时候故宫里没有自来水管道,这喷泉是怎么设计的呢?工匠们在半山腰两侧各设一口蓄水的大缸,通过水道,产生压力,使水从下面的龙嘴里喷出。而喷泉造型是用石头雕刻的一条蛟龙,盘踞在石座上面。喷泉整体造型和谐美观,使皇帝的游玩别有情趣。堆秀山山上有一座小亭子“御景亭”。那儿是御花园的最高点,每年农历八月十五中秋节、九九重阳节,皇帝会带着后妃们,在亭内登高赏月、饮酒作诗。

絳雪轩 为5间房的建筑。这个“絳”字是红色的意思。可我们都知道,雪是白的,那么,絳雪岂不成了红色的雪吗?其实,当年这里种着5棵海棠树。一阵微风吹来,白中透红的海棠花瓣纷纷飘落,地面上就像下了一层红色的雪,乾隆皇帝为此作诗“暇日高轩成小立,东风絳雪未酣霏”,来赞美当时的景色,所以取名叫絳雪轩。絳雪轩对面的花坛,竖着一块枯木。但您仔细想想,如果这是块木头,常年的风吹日晒雨淋,早就腐烂了。其实,这是一块木头的化石,叫木变石。这木变石是怎么形成的呢?据记载,东北的松木沉入松花江,经常年累月,变成石头,就是木变石了。一般的木变石都比较小,可是我们看这块石头,有一米多高,就十分难得了。这块石头是黑龙江的一个大将军,进献给乾隆皇帝的,乾隆得到石头后,非常高兴,诗兴大发,题诗一首,刻在石头上。

延晖阁 为二层阁楼。您可千万不要小看这阁楼,清朝的选秀女就是在这里进行的,每三年选一次,满、蒙、汉八旗官员的女儿凡是13岁到17岁的都要参选,只有到17岁仍未被选上的才可以自由婚嫁。选秀女的时候,候选的女孩子们先由太监从神武门领到这御花园北门外等候。选时一到,再将那些女孩子引到这延晖阁前站好,让坐在阁里的皇帝、皇太后挑选。被选中的秀女,或成为皇帝的嫔妃,或指配给皇子皇孙和皇家宗室的子弟。您知道吗?慈禧就是17岁时在这里被选入宫的。好,延晖阁讲到这里。我现在问您一个问题,您看过电视剧《还珠格格》吗?那里面的格格门住的地方叫什么来着?没错,淑芳斋!在延晖阁西北边有一个小屋檐,倚着红墙,那里面就是淑芳斋了。它位于西六宫最北处,目前还没有公开开放。我所以要讲一家,是为了消除一个误会,实际上这淑芳斋并不是拍《还珠格格》时的场景,也不是格格居住的地方,电视剧只是借用了这个名字。在清朝的时候,淑芳斋是皇帝和后妃们看戏的场所。紫禁城内共有5个戏台,淑芳斋里就有两个,梅兰芳、杨小楼等人都在这里演过戏

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篇10:故宫导游词英文带翻译

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,翻译,全文共 1782 字

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大家好!我是你们今天的导游——林导,大家可千万不要叫我领导哦!我只是姓林的导游,哈哈!

Everybody is good! I am your tour guide, guide Lin today, you dont call me leadership oh! I just named Lin tour guide, ha ha!

我们今天要前往名胜古迹——故宫。在路程中,我就先简单介绍下故宫吧!

Today were going to places of interest, the Palace Museum. In the distance, I first simple introduce the Forbidden City!

古代故宫叫做紫禁城,因是清明两代的皇宫,所以十分高大雄伟,占地面积约有72万平方米。体质弱的客人们,可能没办法把故宫游完哦,希望大家能在车上多休息,争取游遍这72万平方米的故宫。

Ancient palace called the Forbidden City, because is qingming festival two generations of the palace, so very tall majestic, covers an area of about 720xx0 square meters. The guests in the constitution, may not be able to finish the imperial palace to swim oh, hope everybody can rest in the car, to bound for the 720xx0 square meters of the Forbidden City.

以前,故宫里住了很多人,有将军、战士、侍女……需要成千上万间房子,而且古代科技不发达,不像我们几十户人家只需一栋高楼大厦,他们只好建9000多间房子装下那么多人啦。

Previously, spent a lot of people in the Forbidden City, there are general, warriors, maid... Takes tens of thousands of houses, and the ancient science and technology is not developed, not like we just dozens of family a high-rise buildings, and they had to build more than 9000 house hold so many people.

皇帝是需要保护的,这故宫里的战士夜晚是需要睡觉的,无法保护。所以聪明的皇帝就在故宫周围建筑了52米宽的长长的护城河,敌人坐船也难过这条护城河。

The emperor is in need of protection, the soldiers in the imperial palace is the need to sleep at night, unable to protect. So wise emperor around the Forbidden City built a long a moat 52 meters wide, the enemy ships, also sorry to the moat.

故宫已被列入世界遗产的名录里。有许多外国游客,他们是不会乱扔垃圾、乱涂乱画的。希望作为中国人的我们,对不文明行为说“不”,为我们祖国争光吧!准备下车……

The Palace Museum has been on the world heritage list. There are a lot of foreign tourists, they wont litter graffito of the scribble,. Hope to be Chinese, we say "no" to uncivilized behavior, make our country proud! Prepare to get off...

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篇11:2024年北京故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 232 字

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大家好!我是你们的向导,我姓x名,叫我x导好了。现在我将带领你们游览故宫,欣赏我国的文化遗产。

故宫为我国明清二朝的皇宫,也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时不应该乱丢垃圾,也不要随地吐痰。

进了太和殿的大门,展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇,很是引人注目,那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征,每当有重大活动是,皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿,分别是中和殿、保和殿。

这样气魄雄伟的工程,凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗与智慧呀!

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篇12:北京故宫简介导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 587 字

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大家好,欢迎大家在今天下午参观我们中国最大的宫殿群——故宫。我叫何朝振,今天就有我陪您度过下午的美妙旅程。

故宫位于北京市中心,旧称紫禁城。是明、清两代的皇宫,无与伦比的古代建筑杰作,世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。故宫始建于公元1406年,1420年基本竣工,是明朝皇帝朱棣始建。故宫南北长961米,东西宽753米,面积约为723,600平方米。建筑面积15.5万平方米。相传故宫一共有9999.5间,实际据1973年专家现场测量故宫有大小院落90多座,房屋有980座,共计8707间。宫城周围环绕着高12米,长3400米的宫墙,形式为一长方形城池,墙外有52米宽的护城河环绕,形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。故宫有4个门,正门名午门,东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。大家注意了,我们现在所处的就是故宫的最北边——神武门。走进神武门,穿过顺贞门,摆在我们面前的是一副很大的壁画,这就是由集福门、延和门、承光门围合的牌楼坊门,而它的后面,也就是南面,就是我们著名的御花园。明代永乐十五年(1417)始建,十八年建成,名为“宫后苑”。清雍正朝起,称“御花园”。位于紫禁城中轴线的北端。园墙内东西宽135米,南北深89米,占地12015平方米。园内建筑采取了中轴对称的布局。东西两路建筑基本对称,园内建筑多倚围墙,只以少数精美造型的亭台立于园中,空间舒广。

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篇13:写故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 836 字

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亲爱的游客朋友:

今天,由我带领大家来游览故宫

故宫位于北京市中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,又称紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年至十八年,也就是现在说的142019年至1420年。北京故宫为世界五大宫殿之首,其它四殿分别是法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫和美国白宫。 故宫南北长961米,东西宽753米,面积约为725,000平方米。建筑面积15。5万平方米。故宫够大吧!

相传故宫有9999。5间房,有人做过形象比喻:如果有人从刚出生就开始住,要住到27岁才可以住完。实际据1973专家现场测量故宫的房间有8704间。

故宫有四个门,正门名为午门。午门有五个洞。其平面为凹形,宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼,角楼高27。5米,十字屋脊,三重檐迭出,四面亮山,多角交错,是结构奇丽的建筑。

后门“神武门”,明朝时为“玄武门”,玄武为古代四神兽之一,从方位上讲,左青龙,右白虎,前朱雀,后玄武,玄武主北方,所以帝王宫殿的北宫门多取名“玄武”。清康熙年间因避讳改称“神武门”。神武门也是一座城门楼形式,用的最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶,但它的大殿只有五开间加围廊,没有左右向前伸展的两翼,所以在形制上要比午门低一个等级。神武门是宫内日常出入的门禁。现神武门为故宫博物院正门。

东华门与西华门遥相对应,门外设有下马碑石,门内金水河南北流向,上架石桥1座,桥北为三座门。东华门与西华门形制相同,平面矩形,红色城台,白玉须弥座,当中辟3座券门,券洞外方内圆。城台上建有城楼,黄琉璃瓦重檐庑殿顶,城楼面阔5间,进深3间,四周出廊。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群,占地面积有达8。5万平方米,是宫城的12%,后三供则为前三殿的25%,期于宫殿依次递减,主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

好了,大家可以自由活动了,游玩时注意安全,注意保持景点卫生,祝大家玩得愉快。

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篇14:游览故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 425 字

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人们都说:“故宫是我国乃至全世界保存得最完善,历史最悠久,最宏伟的一座宫殿。”我们乘着列车来到天安门广场附近,来观赏雄伟的故宫。

我看见过高耸入云的高楼大厦,游览过古色古香的四合院,却从没看见过雄伟壮丽的故宫。故宫的古建筑占地面积真大啊,大得让你辨别不出方向;故宫的古建筑真多啊,多得让你眼花缭乱;故宫的古建筑真宏伟啊,宏伟得令你瞠目结舌,不由地啧啧称赞。是在人群中穿梭,加上夏日的疲劳,那一座座拔地而起的千篇一律的宫殿,和身旁川流不息的游客,误以为自己还在原处。

我看见过现代豪华的设施,欣赏过四合院简朴的摆设,却从来没看见过故宫这样的摆设。故宫里的陈设真精致啊,那门、那屋檐、那龙椅、那……都被雕刻的美仑美奂,栩栩如生,让你对明朝木匠那巧夺天工的手艺惊叹不已。

这样雄伟的故宫,这样精致的陈设,虽然不能供应水、电、汽,但世人都为它别具一格的特色,而不远千里前来观赏,在这样的环境中,你似乎已经穿越时空,回到几千、几百年前,见到了古人,闻到了古人的气息。

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篇15:介绍故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 456 字

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亲爱的游客们,大家好!我是你们的导游,我姓林,叫我林导游好了。很高兴认识你们,现在我将带领你们游览北京故宫,欣赏我国文化遗产。

现在我为大家简介一下故宫:故宫是我国明清二朝的皇宫,也是现在最大,最完整的古建筑群。希望大家在游览时做个文明的游客。不乱扔垃圾,不触摸物品,这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。

现在我们进入太和殿的大门,战线在宴请的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇,很是引人注目,那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征,每当有重大的活动,皇帝都在此举行。

后面这一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿,分别是中和殿,保和殿。游完了辉煌的太和殿,大家估计累了吧,我们在这休息一会,大家可以在周围走走看看。20分钟后我们在御花园门口集中。

休息时间到了,大家都人齐了。我想问问你们是否能感受到这儿的生活气息很浓呢?这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的,后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它的格局,布局紧凑,古色古香,花草树木点缀其间。非常美丽。亭台楼阁相依相承。是个清心雅致,赏心悦目的好地方。

这次旅游到此结束,祝大家愉快!谢谢!

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篇16:故宫英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1960 字

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Hello, all of you, welcome to the the Imperial Palace in Beijing. Ill give you a brief introduction to the scenic spots here today.

Please follow my footsteps. We are in front of the famous the Imperial Palace Museum. Well, stepped into the gate, a temple - temple we came to the Imperial Palace to the three largest Ting hall, folk known as "jinluandian". It was built in Ming Yongle for eighteen years, in 1420, and in the thirty-four years of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi was rebuilt in 1695. How much is the height of the Taihe temple and how much area is it? Yes, its about 35 meters tall, with an area of 2377 square meters, almost 55 classrooms, and 72 columns supporting all the weight. Its the tallest building in the the Imperial Palace. You see! Which was decorated with beautiful decoration, the middle of a throne, the throne is arranged between 6 Panlong Kim, to highlight the status of the emperor overweening. The Jiulong throne is made of gold from the nanmu Carving Dragon, and it is fine.

Everyone goes right together, and the front comes to the hall of neutralization. The plane and Temple Square, yellow glazed four cuanjian Ding, can be sent! Do you know that? When the emperor is here, marking the play book offering pro.

All of us go along with me, the most prominent in this space is the stone carving of Yunlong. This is the largest stone carving in the the Imperial Palace. The stone length is 16. 57 meters, 3 wide. 07 meters, 1 thick. 7 meters, weighing up to more than 200 tons! You can take a closer look at a look around the stone, engraved with lotus pattern, the lower water Jiang Ya, intermediate carved with nine dragons and foil Cloud State dragon, Yunlong true to life, fine carving.

This is the end of todays explanation, and you can visit it by yourself. I want to remind you: notice that anything can never be touched by hand in order to protect the rare relics. Well gather here in 20 minutes. Bye! I wish you all a good time.

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篇17:北京故宫导游词范文400字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 659 字

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女士们、先生们:

我叫王溦嘉,大家叫我小王就行了。今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是闻名世界的故宫博物馆,简称为故宫,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。

北京故宫位于北京市中心,是明清两代的皇宫,又称为紫禁城(历代宫殿都象象天立宫,以表示君权受命于天)。由于君为天子,天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的紫宫禁地,故名紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年(1420xx年),永乐十八年(1420xx年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大,西宽750米,南北长960米,占地72万平方米,建筑面积15万多平方米,有房屋9999间,是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威,故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线,在这条中轴线上,按照前朝后寝的古制,布置着帝王发施令,象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北),左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿宁春宫,和以太妃居住的宫殿慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要,这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙,四周有角楼,外有护城河。

故宫御花园,原名宫后苑,今俗称御花园,占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心,园林建筑采用主次相辅,左右对称的格局,布局紧凑,古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山,为太湖石叠砌而成,上筑御景亭,每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织,评定为世界文化遗产,是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们,因为时间仓促,这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

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篇18:北京故宫导游词1500字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1540 字

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各位朋友,先自我介绍一下…….今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院,现在我先为大家作个简单介绍.

故宫位于北京市城区中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿.故宫又叫紫禁城.紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心,它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群,成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证.1987年,北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》.

故宫座北朝南,开有四条门.各位朋友,这里就是故宫的正门,叫午门,意思是正午的太阳光芒四射.各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼,楼顶飞檐翅起,从上面看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰,故午门又称五凤楼.它建成于公元1420年,位于端门之北,雄伟壮观.

各位朋友,现在我们已经进入故宫.这里是故宫第一进院落,首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥,它们象征五德,即仁、义、礼、智、信,是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思.金水桥下是内金水河,跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场,这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方.

好,下面请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿.现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场,这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方.好!这里可以拍下远处太和殿的全景,各位可以在此留个影,过一会儿,我再给大家介绍一下太和殿.

各位朋友,我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑,只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用,象征皇权的至高无上,太和殿俗称金銮殿,是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作.太和殿始建于公元1420年,当时叫奉天殿.后来,该叫皇极殿.清顺治皇帝登基后,重修三大殿,并将皇极殿改为太和殿.

太和殿高35米,东西长64米,南北宽33米,面积为2377平方米.它面阔十一间,进深5间,规模为紫禁城内大殿之最.装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺.殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶,就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的,总之处处显示“第一”,那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现.

看完了太和殿,我们再来看中和殿.大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方.下面,请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿.

各位朋友,这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿,叫保和殿.这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场,自乾隆皇帝以后,这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场.

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束,现在请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息,我们10分钟后集合,谢谢大家!

各位,故宫整个院落分为两大部分,即“前朝”和“后寝”.“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方,以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主.“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方,主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主.现在,我介绍一下故宫的后半部分,即“后寝”.

各位朋友,现在我们来到了乾清宫,这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方.乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分.正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方,殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案,正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾,那是清朝皇帝的祖训,作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则.东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方.

由于时间关系,我们就先讲到这里,现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿.各位请看,这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿,这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方.在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字,那里是康熙皇帝的御笔,意思是希望后代能够以德制国,施以仁政,以图国家长治久安.

各位朋友,现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园,这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所.大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念.

好啦,各位朋友,故宫中路的讲解到此结束.

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篇19:关于故宫的优秀导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 551 字

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各位游客大家好,很高兴成为你们的导游,我叫陈子安,大家叫我陈导或小安都可以,我会尽自己全力为你们服务。

故宫位于北京市城区中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心,它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群,成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年,北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

北京故宫有很多古老的殿,有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿……

现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--——太和殿及其广场,这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。太和殿象征皇权的至高无上,太和殿俗称金銮殿,是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年,当时叫奉天殿。后来,该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后,重修三大殿,并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶,就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的,总之处处显示“第一”,那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现。

好!这里可以拍远处太和殿的全景,各位可以在此留个影。

各位朋友,北京故宫到处都有美丽的景色说也说不尽,希望你们细细游赏、拍照。但是要注意不要乱扔垃圾那些,祝你们玩得开心!

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篇20:怎样写故宫的导游词500字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 571 字

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尊敬的各位游客:

我们现在游览的是北京的故宫。故宫是明清两朝皇帝的宫殿。是我国列入《世界遗产名录》的景点之一。

大家看这边,这就是我们的目的地了——故宫。请大家下车参观吧!瞧,故宫多么宏伟壮观阿!它是由23万民工和军工,经过了14年的时间才建成的这规模宏大的宫殿。它是东方最早的宫殿,有9999间屋子。是世界上最大的宫殿群。

宫殿所在地区称皇城。东西宽2500米。南北长2700米,皇城由高大坚固的城砖砌成的,四面都有门:东——东华门;西——西安门;南——天安门;北——地安门。皇城内包含了宫苑(北海、中海、南海)。太庙、社稷坛以及皇家所建寺观等建筑。非常壮观。

宫城世称紫禁城。在皇城里,南北长约960米,东西约760米,矩形平面。宫城四周是用砖头砌的城墙,死角还有美丽的角楼,城墙也是四面开门的。东——东华门;西——西华门;北——神武门;南——午门。午门建在高俊雄伟的城座上,下面是午门了,气象威猛森严,是颁诏的地方。

紫禁城里,大致分内延和外朝两个区。外朝是皇帝处理国事的地方,有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。三个大殿。每个都筑在洁白的白玉台基上,可想而知,有多么珍贵呀!

整个宫城最北一区是皇家花园——颐花园。园中有钦安殿。这里有苍松翠柏,名花异草,怪石伏立,泉水喷珠,是故宫中最亲切自然之处。故宫的美景多得很!我说也说不尽,还是请大家自己细细游览吧!

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