北京导游词
黑龙潭是山溪在沟壑流动时形成的侵蚀型潭池旅游风景区。黑龙潭景区内处处浓浓的绿色,您可以在绿阴下乘凉,呼吸清新的空气,还可以登上石长城,鸟瞰水库全景,感受一次居高临下、指点江山的快感,为您带来一次夏季清凉的洗礼。
黑龙潭景区总面积9平方公里。是一条峡谷走廊,全长4公里,地势落差220多米,地貌属中山和丘陵,南北两侧山峰海拔多在300至500米,谷底海拔为150至370多米。这条峡谷俗称轱辘峪,蜿蜒曲折,两壁陡峭奇耸,峰峦叠嶂。悬潭、沉潭、落雁潭、通天瀑、平沙潭、曲潭、滴水潭、苇潭、三叠潭、龙戏潭、珍珠串、三潭叠瀑、无底潭、黑龙真潭以及龙门口、龙劈石、刺猬石等30多个景观,如颗颗明珠镶嵌在峡谷中。
黑龙潭必赏景观
珍珠串和三潭叠瀑
龙戏潭的上边是大面积呈90度倾斜的岩崖,万年流水冲刷出一条白色水道,水道中被急流冲击成三个石穴,潭深壁滑,水从潭中翻卷而出,人们叫它“龙卷身”一条瀑布连接着三个深潭,穿成一串,所以又名“珍珠串”。龙戏潭的瀑布和“珍珠串”“龙卷身”构成一个整体,三潭落差形成三潭叠瀑。此处景色绝妙,可算黑龙潭风景中的一景。
悬潭和沉潭
悬潭居上,沉潭在下,两潭上下相距5米左右,悬潭石砌四壁,水深口小,水从石缝流出,仅有三米落差。沉潭由半壁岩石半壁河滩构成,上有漫流水坡,下有花草丛绕,两潭唇齿相依别有风趣。
落雁潭和通天瀑
通天瀑垂直陡峭,壁如刀削,五十多米高的瀑布仿佛从天而降,烟霞升腾,弥漫山谷,冷气扑面。落雁潭是通天瀑冲击而成,潭阔水深,水面100多平方米,水深处有3-4米,此处地势较为开阔,山峰环抱,山清水秀,河滩卵石纵横,山花野草茂盛。每当初春或冬临时,大雁到此栖身落脚,故有“落雁潭”之称。在落雁潭北侧,通往通天瀑顶的陡坡中间,有一15米深的石洞,洞内可容百人,从入口到出口修成了一条38级台阶的通道,人们又称之为“通天洞”,攀过通天洞,登上5米长的“天桥”,往下俯视,落雁潭和通天瀑的全景尽收眼底。
平沙潭
潭水从5米外30度斜坡的石片上,缓缓流入一口大锅似的潭中,白沙铺底。水面约有8平方米,最深不过3米。因为水面平稳,清澈透底,故称为“平沙潭”。平沙潭南侧有一狭窄山沟,仅容一人通过,人称“一线天”。北峰是千米峭壁,刀削斧劈一般,黑如锅底,人称其为“黑半天”。
曲潭
由平沙潭沿溪前往,突然峡谷路窄,两山几乎相碰。山脚下仅闪出两米宽的通道。泉水从崖根下流过,人只能从一道崖缝中间10公分宽的崖坎上走过。北侧崖壁上刻着“龙门”两个大字。曲潭在两崖根底最窄处,三弯九曲,长约9米,宽不过60公分,游人由此通过都有惊险之感。
三叠潭和刺猬石
过龙劈石后,便见50米内顺排着三个潭,三潭错落,犹如三个龙女相携起舞,三叠潭的东南侧有一孤独巨师石,额高嘴尖,四褪并拢,蹲在平面石上,脊背上长满石花草,看上去似一只形象逼真的刺猬。
龙戏潭
水从百米高的陡壁上翻卷而下,飞瀑凌空,其声如沉雷,烟雾弥漫,因瀑布似银龙腾空,故名“龙戏潭”。南峰有凤凰台,北峰有蜻蜓顶,潭边有一巨石,叫"化身石"。
无底潭
在崖壁之中,大自然把花岗岩凿开一个长方形穴窟,深不可测,潭水碧绿,犹如一个没有盖的巨大石匣子,这个潭石帮石底,口小沿光,从没有人下去过,不知有多深,因此称为“无底潭”。
黑龙潭四项水上娱乐免费
黑龙潭新添的戏水娱乐项目,有水上软桥、水上跨板、水上软梯、跨越水上浮萍等。活动区水域面积8000多平方米,有四项水上娱乐免费,水上活动新颖独特,具有趣味性、挑战性,增加集体凝聚力,可放松心情,锻炼身体。
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地址:北京市密云县石城镇大关桥
交通路线:东直门乘980、987、970路公交车至密云县城下车,转乘去石城镇的小公共即到。
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更多相似范文
篇1:简单的北京清华大学导游词
各位游客:
清华大学是一所历史悠久的著名学校,是清政府于民国前一年(1920xx年)用美国退还的庚子赔款在北京所建立。最初称为“留美预备学堂”,是第一所用于被政府派送到美国学习的中国青年而建立的预备学校。毕业生直接进入美国大学三年级留学。1920xx年,始创四年制本科教育。
清华大学现致力于建设多学科的综合大学。至20xx年4 月,清华大学有理学院、建筑学院、土木水利学院、机械工程学院、信息科学技术学院、人文社会科学学院、经济管理学院、法学院、美术学院、公共管理学院、应用技术学院、医学院、新闻与传播学院、航天航空学院等13个学院和53个系,41个研究院(所),35个研究中心和175个实验室,其中包括11个中国国家重点实验室和14个中国教育部重点实验室。
清华大学现有教职工7800余人,其中诺贝尔奖获得者一名、中国科学院院士34名、中国工程院院士26名,正高级专业技术职务1200余人。全国重点学科49个;本科专业58个,第二学士学位专业1个,硕士学位授权点159个,博士学位授权点123个,博士后科研流动站27个。在校全日制学生27000余名,其中本科生13000余名,硕士生8000余名,博士生4000余名。有来自46个国家和地区的在校留学生及进修生1300余名,远程教育学员9000余名。
从1980年代中期开始,很多(据统计约为毕业生的20%)清华毕业生都前往美国留学深造。在美国大学校园、公司、企业及政府部门里,不难找到他们。因此近年也开始有对此的批评,认为清华的毕业生应该更多地选择留在中国而不是美国。
对高中毕业生来说,清华是中国大陆竞争最激烈学校之一(另一所学校为北大),每年只有中国各省市最优秀的高中毕业生才有机会被清华录取。清华的校园文化具有悠久的历史,个性鲜明,丰富多彩,在众多大学中独树一帜。因其美国渊源,校园文化传统亦受到美国大学校园文化的深重影响。
篇2:介绍北京世界公园的导游词范文
各位朋友大家好,我们将要游览的是中外闻名的故宫博物院。故宫位于北京市区中心,是明清两朝的皇宫。故宫又名紫禁城,它是中国保存最完整,规模最大的古代皇宫建筑群。首先我给大家介绍一下故宫的历史沿革。明朝的永乐皇帝通过“靖难之役”,从自己的侄子朱允炆手中夺得了皇位,定都南京。因南京朝臣大多数是朱允炆的旧臣,永乐皇帝惟恐这些朝臣对自己不服,再加上当时北方蒙古人经常南侵,于是永乐皇帝决定迁都北京。
明永乐四年即公元1406年,明成祖朱棣下诏,正式启动北京工程的建设,动用工匠23万,民夫百万,于永乐十八年即公元1420年工程竣工。永乐十九年元旦吉日,明成祖朱棣于奉天殿受朝贺,紫禁城正式启用。公元1644年清朝定都北京,继续沿用明朝的宫殿,并且对部分地区进行了较大规模的改造:如文渊阁、宁寿全宫、南三所、斋宫、毓庆宫等建筑。尤其是清廷特别重视防火,并且财务了多种措施:如改造了建筑中的防火结构、建立了专门的消防机构即火班、配备了消防器材等。明清时期紫禁城的主要作用是:自明成祖朱棣到思宗朱由检,共有14位皇帝,清朝自世祖福林到逊帝溥仪,共有10位皇帝,明清共有24位皇帝在此生活起居、治理国家。
清宣统三年(1911),末代皇帝溥仪推诿,根据民国政府所允“关于清帝逊位后优待条件”,清廷皇室成员仍可居住紫禁城内廷,民国十三年即公元1924年冯玉祥发动“北平政变”溥仪才搬出故宫。民国二年即公元1913年袁世凯在紫禁城举行了大总统就职典礼。1925年10月10日故宫博物院成立典礼,紫禁城正式对社会开放,解放以后我国政府曾花费巨资对紫禁城进行维护和修缮。1961年紫禁城成为第一批全国重点文物保护单位,1987年辈联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产保护名录。今日的紫禁城以它新的面貌展现在世人面前。故宫是世界上最著名的博物馆之一,其特点表现在三个方面,首先它是一座完整的皇宫遗址博物馆,其次它是一座包罗万象的综合艺术博物馆,第三它还是集中国古代建筑之大成的古代建筑博物馆。
故宫为什么又叫“紫禁城”呢?紫禁城的“紫”指的是紫微垣。古代天文学家将天体分为三垣四象二十八宿。三垣是指紫微垣、太微垣、天市垣,紫微垣居天体中央,共有恒星15颗,北极星又是紫微垣的中心,称为“紫宫”。这组恒星被认为是“运乎中央,临治四方”的天帝所居,人间的皇宫应天象而建,所以紫禁城是“为政以德,譬如北辰,居其所而众星拱之”的格局,与天宫相类。所以人间皇帝的居所冠以“紫”字;“禁”是指皇家禁地,万民莫入之意,所以北京皇宫名之为紫禁城。
紫禁城坐落在北京的中轴线上,其建筑布局突出了一条明显的中轴线,主要建筑都在其上,红砖墙,黄色琉璃瓦、青白石基座体现出了皇家的气势,突出了皇权的至高无上。紫禁城内由前朝、后廷两部分组成。紫禁城有四座门,分别是南为午门,北为神武门,东为东华门,西为西华门。紫禁城内以乾清门前的小广场为界,南面是前朝部分,北面是后廷部分。紫禁城背靠“镇山”,左为太庙,右为社稷坛,南北长961米,东西宽753米,占地面积72万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,共有宫殿房舍8704间,是1973年统计的数字,周围是10米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河拱卫着皇家的宫殿。紫禁城的四角有“九梁十八柱七十二脊”构成的精美的角楼。
下面我给大家介绍一下午门及午门前的广场。午门是紫禁城的正门,因其位于紫禁城的午位即正南方,故称午门。由北向南鸟瞰午门平面呈“凹”形。午门城台正中建筑为重檐庑殿顶城楼,开间,通高35米,两观城台上建连檐通脊明廊各13间,明廊南北各有一座鎏金宝顶的四角攒尖崇楼与正中城楼连成一气,俗称“五凤楼”。皇帝亲祀坛庙出午门时鸣钟,祭享太庙时击鼓。午门面南,正面三间,两观下东西侧另开左掖门、右掖门,东西向。
午门南面正门三间,北面则为大门五间,人称这种规制叫“明三暗五”。
午门的出入规制是怎样的呢?在封建时期这里有着严格的等级制度。午门正门专供皇帝出入,皇后大婚时可以从这里进入,三品以上文武官员出入左(东)门,宗室王公出入右(西)门。左右掖门平时不开,只有上大朝时,三品以下文武百官分东西班次由掖门出入。殿试时贡士按名次单数走左掖门,双数走右掖门。举行传胪大典时贡士亦按名次分单双数,由鸿胪寺官员分左右掖门引人。大传胪后,进士中一甲进士状元、榜眼、探花可由午门正门出宫以示褒扬。明清两朝在午门前举行两类活动,一类是逢年过节与官民同乐的活动。
另一类是正式的典礼,清朝主要是凯旋献俘礼和颁朔礼。凯旋献俘礼是朝廷在重大军事行动中取得胜利后,为了安民心、振国威举行的庆典活动。届时皇帝会亲临午门。清乾隆年间为平定准噶尔等地的叛乱曾在这里举行过四次献俘礼。献俘礼在“五礼”中属于军礼范畴。再有一项正式的典礼也就是颁朔礼,颁朔礼就是皇帝颁布第二年历书的典礼。颁朔礼于孟冬一日在午门前举行。举行典礼之前钦天监的官员算出第二年的朔望日,规定每日宜忌事项,制成历书称“时历书”,清乾隆皇帝为避名讳将“时历书”改为“时宪书”,民间俗称黄历。时宪书通过午门前举行颁朔礼颁布天下遵照实行。明清两朝的时宪书也颁给蒙古、琉球、占城等周边的国家,显示出泱泱大国的天子国威。
午门广场是名朝实施“梃杖”的地方。梃杖就是对在朝廷上违逆了皇帝意志的大臣用棍子打的刑罚。明朝成化年以前,梃杖只是有象征性,并非真打,示辱而已。后来逐渐变成真打。处罚地点在午门外御路西墀下,即御路西边的空地。因五行中东主生,西主凶,故处罚地点在御路西墀下。其中有两次梃杖轰动朝野,一次是明武宗朱厚照南巡被大臣阻止,一次被打158人,打死15人;另一次是明世宗朱厚骢为了自己父母尊号的问题发生的“大礼仪”事件,梃杖134人,打死17人。而到了清朝就没有了这种制度。
下面我给大家介绍一下午门前的广场。午门前有两座值房,它是侍卫值班的地方。清朝时对皇宫的安全保卫工作十分重视,并且制定了严格的规章制度。其中有门禁制定、宿卫制度、门钥制度、合符制度等。午门的两阙南侧东西各有朝房3间,是王宫们的朝房,现在是故宫的售票处,朝房南侧东边是阙左门,它是皇帝去紫禁城东侧的太庙祭祀祖先时所走之门。朝房南侧西边是阙右门,它是皇帝去紫禁城西面的社稷坛祭祀土地神和五谷神时所走之门。再向南是连檐通脊朝房各42间,明清时期这里是六科廊,“六科”是古代官署名。
明代始设,即吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六科。每科置都给事中一人,除担任天子侍从外,还进谏言和监察六部之舞弊,办理上奏和调整赦令等事,其权颇重。现在这里的部分房舍被辟为展馆。六科廊南边东侧是太庙右门,西侧是社稷坛左门,广场的最南边是端门。端门是紫禁城的前导门,现在对公众开放,城楼上面不定期举办各种展览,游客可以登上城楼穿上古装拍照留念。
各位朋友,紫禁城的概况和午门前的广场我就给大家介绍到这里。谢谢大家。
篇3:北京反思总结
《我的伯父鲁迅先生》一文,作者通过回忆伯父鲁迅先生给自己留下深刻印象的畅谈读书、笑谈碰壁、救助车夫、关心女佣,告诉我们伯父是一个爱憎分明、为别人想得多、为自己想的少的人,表达了对伯父深切的敬爱之情。我把教学重点放在引导学生抓住涵义深刻的句子理解并感悟鲁迅先生的高尚品质,之后通过朗读表达人们对鲁迅先生的崇敬和爱戴之情。
一‘‘质疑问题’’,强调教师的点拨、点化。
对于学生探索中遇到的疑难问题,首先应组织学生讨论,发挥学生之间的相互作用。在教学‘‘畅谈‘碰壁’’’这一段时,先让学生自由读课文,想想有什么问题,先和同桌商量一下,解决不了的,再前后四人讨论,任解决不了的提出来大家讨论。目的在于学生能够发扬协作的学习精神,做到思维互补。而在学生解决不了问题时,及时地加以点拨,点拨不够,还需点破、点化。其中‘‘四周黑洞洞的,还不容易碰壁吗?’’理解这个句子是很困难的,因为鲁迅生活的年代离学生生活很远,学生根本无法体会句子的含义,这是恰当的引导、启发和点拨。这里我及时向学生资料,了解社会背景,以启发学生的思维,开拓思路,使学生能够更准确的理解句子的含义,感受鲁迅敢于同反动势力作斗争的品格。学了‘‘谈《水浒传》’’这个故事后,学生只懂得鲁迅对侄女的关心和爱护,还不能理解他对广大青少年的关心和帮助,这时我适时地给学生出世补充介绍鲁迅关心爱护青少年的品格。
二、强调求实、求活、求新。
“激疑拓展”就是拓展学生的思路,培养学生的思维品质,获得创造的成功。在课结束前,我设计了一个启发学生想象的拓展训练:假如你现在在万国殡仪馆里,你想对鲁迅说些什么?让学生给鲁迅写副挽联或写一两句话表达自己内心的感受,因为通过前面两个故事的学习,教师对一些必要的课外资料的补充介绍,学生对鲁迅有了进一步的了解,对鲁迅的敬佩之情也随着课文的深入学习而越来越厚,情到深处不吐不快,这一环节的设计使学生的思维又一次被激活。他们在想象的过程中进行着创造性思维,体验着创造成功后的喜悦。
只要改变课堂教学模式,多引导学生根据阅读自己发现问题,找出答案,学生之间最大限度地开展互说互评。答案模式也可多样化,拓宽多样思维。
篇4:北京导游词英语
THE FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)
(Infront of the meridian gate)
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It isthe largest and most well reserved imperial residence inChinatoday. Under MingEmperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14 years to build theForbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter,it continued to be the residence of 23 successiveemperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizationrecognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the Palace Museum, orZi Jin Cheng (Purple ForbiddenCity), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided theconstellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Starwas called the Constellation ofHeavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperorwas supposedly the son of the heavenly gods,his central and dominant positionwould be further highlighted the use of theword purple in the name of hisresidence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became ametaphor for auspicious events after apurple cloud was seen drifting eastwardimmediately before the arrival of anancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the HanghuPass. Here, purple isassociated with auspicious developments. The word jin(forbidden) isself-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded andoff-explanatoryas the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits toordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace wallsand roofs are also symbolic. Redrepresents happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earthon the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became animperial color during the Tang dynasty, whenonly members of the royal familywere allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden Cityis rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from northto south and 750meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roofarea 150,000square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter―high wallwhich enclosesthe complex. Octagon ―shaped turrets rest on the four corners ofthe wall.There are four entrances into the city: the MeridianGate to the south,the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, andthe Xihua Gate(Gateof military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )tothe west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) tothe east.
Manpower and materials throughout thecountry were used to build theForbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers wereemployed. Marble wasquarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County inHebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Pavingblockswere fired in kilns in Suzhou in southernChina. Bricksand scarletpigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southernregions.
The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entranceto the forbidden City. It is also knowsas Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Mingemperorsheld lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of theChinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place forpunishingofficals by flogging them with sticks.
Qing emperors used this building toannounce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremonyfrom ban li(announcement ofcalendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )toavoid coincidentalassociation with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which wasconsidered a tabooat that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place tohold audience andfor other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperialarmy returnedvictoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperorpresided overthe ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(After entering the Meridian Gate andstanding in front of the Five MarbleBridges on Golden Water River)
now we are inside the Forbidden City.Beforewe start our tour, I would liketo briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To completethis solemn, magnificent and palatial complex,a variety of buildings werearranged on a north-south axis, and8-kilometer-long invisible line that hasbecome an inseparable part of the Cityof Beijing. The Forbidden City coversroughly one ?third of this central axis. Most of the important building in theForbidden City weree arranged along this line. The designand arrangement of thepalaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal courtand rigidly ?stratifiedfeudal system.
The Forbidden Cityis divided into an outer and an inner count.We are nowstanding on the southern most part of the outer count. In front of us lies theGate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite andbiggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ballis said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one ofits foreclaws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperialsuccession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functionsbothas decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the riverrepresentthe five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness,rites,intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and thenorth-southaxis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled thecountryon behalf of God.
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden Cityconsists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yardcovers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and theGate of HeavenlyPurity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, CompleteHarmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking themin bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (ProminentScholars)and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on aspacious“H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of thetripleterrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marblebalustradescarved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stonestaircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is alsothetallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all ofChina.From thepalace of Heavenly Purith northward is what isknown as the inner court,which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are thePalaceof Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Unionand Peace and Palace of EarthlyTranquility, aplace where the Emperors lived with their families and attended tostateaffairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in whichconcubinesand princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within theinnercount, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. Aninner Golden Water Riverflows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook windsthrough three minorhalls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It isspanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble ?carvedbalustrades.
Most of thestructures within the Forbidden City haveyellow glazed tileroofs.
Aside from giving prominence to thenorth-south axis, other architecturalmethods were applied to make every groupof palatial structures unique in termsof terraces, roofs, mythical monstersperching on the roofs and colored, drawingpatterns. With these, the grandcontour and different hierarchic spectrum of thecomplex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradiseonly has 10,000 rooms, the Sonof Heaven on earth cut the number by half aroom. It is also rumoured that thishalf ?room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library).As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units,this half-room is nonexistent.The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si KuQuan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(After walking past the Gate of SupremeHarmony)
Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall ofSupreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its kingin the Forbidden City. Thisstructure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know forits upturned,multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on atriple“H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8 meters high and linked by staircases.The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upperstairways each have 9.
The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burneddown three times and was severely damaged onceduring a mutiny. The existingarchitecture was built during the Qing Dynasty.On the corners of the eaves aline of animal-nails were usually fastened to thetiles. These animal-nails werelater replace with mythical animals to ward offevil spirits. There arealtogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded bythe ancients to be the largest numeral accessibleto man and to which only theemperors were entitled.
There was a total of 24 successive emperorsduring the Ming and Qingdynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was alsoused for ceremonies whichmarked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice,The Chinese Lunar New Year,the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title ofempress, the announcement ofnew laws and policies, and dispatches of generalsto war .On such occasions, theEmperor would hold audience for his courtofficials and receive theirtributes.
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers atotal of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, thisplace inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In themiddle of thesquare there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor.On both sides ofthe road the groud bricks were laid in a special way sevenlayers lengthwise andeight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all.The purpose of this wasto prevent anyone from tunneling his way into thepalace. In the count yard thereare iron vats for storing water to fight fires.In the whole complex there arealtogher 308 water vats. In winter time, charcoal was burned underneath the vatsto keep the water from freezing .
Why so vast asquare? It was designed to impress people with the hall` sgrandeur andvastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, theyellowglazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled withthecurling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony intoafairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed,crane-shapedcandleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pinebranches burntin front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beatenand musicalinstrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel knowinsubmission.
The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three,His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, thesuddendrum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He wassoscared that he kept crying and shouting,"I don’t want to stay here."
篇5:英文版北京旅游导游词_北京导游词_网
北京是我们首都,有很多外国友人会来到北京游玩.以下是小编精心准备的英文北京导游词,欢迎大家参考以下内容哦!
北京旅游导游词英文版
Beijing is the birthplace of Chinese Civilization and one of the six ancient capital cities in China. During the last 3000 years it served as a capital for several dynasties. It is the second largest city in China with a population of more than 11 million. Beijing is neither cold in winter nor very hot in summer. The best seasons in Beijing are Spring and Autumn. Beijing is indeed an ideal place to visit all round the year.
Temple of Heaven in the southern part of Beijing is China`s largest existing complex of ancient sacrificial buildings. Occupying an area of 273 hectares, it is three times the area of the Forbidden City. It was built in 1420 for emperors to worship Heaven. The principle buildings include the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests, Imperial Vault of Heaven and Circular Mound Altar.
Forbidden City, so called because it was off limits to commoners for 500 years, is the largest and best-preserved cluster of ancient buildings in China. It was home to two dynasties of emperors -the Ming and the Qing - who didnt stray from this pleasure dome unless they absolutely had to.
Great Wall of China, Also know n to the Chinese as the 10,000 Li Wall, the Great Wall of China stretches from Shanhaiguan Pass on the east coast to Jiayuguan Pass in the Gobi Desert. Standard histories emphasize the unity of the wall.
篇6:北京景点的导游词
各位游客,大家好!我是你们这次游颐和园的导游,我叫覃雯钰,在这次颐和园过程中,大家有事可以找我商量。下面我给大家讲一讲颐和园的美景。
请大家跟我来。现在我们来到有名的长廊,绿漆的柱子,红色的栏杆,一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长,分成二百七十三间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画,画有人物、花草、树木、风景,几千幅画没有那俩幅是相同的。长廊两边栽满了花木;这种花还没谢,这种花又开了。
现在我们来到万寿山的脚下。抬头一望,一座八角楼建筑在半山腰,黄色的疏璃瓦闪闪发光。
请大家跟我爬上万寿山吧!登上万寿山,站在佛香阁的前面向下望。正前面,昆明湖静得像一面镜子,绿得像一面碧玉。游船、织舫在湖面慢慢地划过,几乎不留一点痕迹。向东远眺,隐隐约约可以望见远处的几座古老的城楼和城塔。
好,现在我们到昆明湖,大家走过长长的石桥,就可以去岛上玩,这座石桥有十七个孔,叫做石七孔桥;桥栏杆上有上百根石柱,柱子都雕刻着小狮子。这么多的狮子,姿态不一,没有哪两只相同的。
自由活动的时间到了,现在大家可以去细细观赏了,两个钟头后在大门集合。
篇7:北京景山公园的导游词
跨入景山公园的大门,“蝴蝶展”,这三个字立刻吸引了我的眼球,我拉着爸爸妈妈走进了蝴蝶展的展区。五颜六色的蝴蝶在展区里飞舞,犹如一个个美丽的仙子正在欢迎游客们的到来。有的蝴蝶在进食,有的蝴蝶在休息,还有的蝴蝶在采蜜,快乐极了!
我们沿着弯弯曲曲的小路,来到了一片荷花池。荷花池里的荷叶像是一把把翠绿色的雨伞。给池塘里的小鱼遮阳,一朵朵粉红色的荷花亭亭玉立,一阵风吹过,荷花还会随风舞动,宛如一位婀娜多姿的舞者,尽情享受着舞蹈带给它的乐趣。
我们继续向前走,来到了一片茂密的树林,笔直的树就像训练有素的战士一样,守卫着这美丽的景高山公园,你瞧!一只小鸟正在一棵树上休息,人们的耳边还不时传来几声鸟叫,鸟叫时而快,时而慢,时而欢快,时而低沉,仿佛是一首感情鲜明的交响曲。向人们的到来表示欢呼、欢迎。
时间一分一秒地过去了,傍晚的晚霞渐渐露出了它的笑脸,我们依依不舍地离开了景山公园,回想着那些美丽的情景,真是让人意犹味尽。
篇8:北京青年大型调查报告:没有天生的"坏孩子"_调查报告_网
有这么一群孩子,他们有的逃学旷课,有的抽烟喝酒,有的打架斗殴,有的偷窃赌博……如果没人管束,他们也许还会走向犯罪的深渊。
他们是别人眼中的“坏孩子”。曾经,张强就是这样一个“坏孩子”。
张强,28岁,家住北京通州,XX年因为杀人而入狱8年多,那时他还不到18岁。而在此前,他一直“混迹于江湖”,“这么说吧,除了黄赌毒,其他什么坏事都做过。”他并不讳言自己的过往。
张强口中的坏事在青少年工作者看来叫不良行为,他们给这个概念作了一个定义,那些违反社会公共生活准则与有关行为规范,或者不能良好地适应社会生活,从而给社会、他人和本人造成不良影响或危害的行为,包括逃学、旷课、夜不归宿,与社会不良人员联系较多;抽烟喝酒,携带管制刀具,打架斗殴、辱骂他人等都被叫做不良行为。
那么那些被打上不良行为印记的“坏孩子”是怎么炼成的?
团北京市委课题组进行了一项调研,他们通过翻阅XX年以来某司法社工机构撰写的700份未成年犯罪嫌疑人司法社会调查报告,详细梳理了某区XX年以来京籍未成年犯罪嫌疑人个案233例;通过走访看守所、未管所,以问卷方式调查了247名北京各区县看守所京籍青少年犯罪嫌疑人,169名北京市未成年犯管教所的犯罪青少年;通过走访2所普通中学、3所技校和6所工读学校,以焦点小组的方式与一线教师及学校管理人员座谈,形成了47份关于不良行为青少年特点、影响因素等内容的问卷,并用数据大致勾勒出这些青少年不良行为的发展轨迹。
可怕的小毛病:超三成青少年不良行为始于抽烟喝酒
事实上,张强曾经是个好孩子,而且还是那种学习很好,老师很喜欢的好孩子。转变出现在他上小学四年级的时候。
那时,由于父母离婚,张强跟着爷爷奶奶生活,“印象里开家长会时,从来都是爷爷去。走在大街上都会有一种不平衡的感觉,觉得自己比别人缺了点什么。”但他唯一不缺的就是钱,因为无法给予他一个完整的家庭,父母便试图在物质上补偿他。
“身上从来没少于过300块钱。”这引来了很多觊觎,总有大孩子向他伸手,他也常常因此受欺负。
因为家庭的原因让他养成了不愿意向家人倾诉的性格,总想着靠自己的方式去解决问题。
“我有个只比我大几岁的叔叔就会帮我出头,身边也因此有了一帮小哥们儿。”此后他便开始跟哥们儿一起出去吃饭喝酒,再有大孩子欺负他的时候,他也学会了反击。
于是,从抽烟喝酒,到打架斗殴,再到后来跟社会不良青少年交往,模仿电影《古惑仔》里的情节,进而混迹黑社会,直到他失手把一个碎了的啤酒瓶扎在另外一个人的脖子上,他觉得就像是有什么力量推着他一样一步一步走向犯罪。
这跟调研报告的数据不谋而合。
调研报告中,“抽烟喝酒”通常是青少年不良行为发展轨迹的起点。这在很多人看来不过是不值一提的小毛病,而正是这些小毛病,却让很多青少年滑向犯罪的边缘。
课题组对7种不良行为按照“最早发生”的人数比例排序,其中前4种不良行为分别是:抽烟喝酒(37%),打架斗殴、辱骂他人(29.6%),逃学、旷课、夜不归宿(14.8%),与学校和家庭关系紧张(7.4%)。在7种不良行为中,这4项经历最可能成为青少年成长过程中最早发生的不良行为。通过数据,他们给有“抽烟喝酒”的不良行为青少年大致描出了一条发展轨迹:抽烟喝酒——打架斗殴、辱骂他人——与学校和家庭关系紧张——逃学、旷课、夜不归宿——与社会不良人员联系——进入法律、法规规定未成年人不适宜进入的营业性歌舞厅等场所。
报告中还显示,超过六成的不良行为青少年有两种以上的不良行为,而且这些行为往往相伴相生。
课题组认为,抽烟喝酒及逃学、旷课、夜不归宿等不良行为是导致青少年违法犯罪的高风险因素,打架斗殴辱骂他人、与社会不良人员联系较多、网络成瘾以及携带管制刀具等不良行为的危险程度也很高,而且六成犯罪青少年在犯罪前大多具有2~5种不良行为。
而北京大兴区朗润社会工作事务所主任任力欣则发现了另一个现象,在犯罪的青少年中,80%都有来自家庭环境的影响。
首次不良行为的平均年龄仅12.25岁
12.25岁,这本该是在校为小升初而努力学习的年纪,却是报告中很多青少年首次产生不良行为的平均年龄。而这与青春期的萌芽大体一致,是预防和干预不良行为产生的最佳时期。
杜亮(化名)第一次产生不良行为时才只有9岁。
因为母亲早逝,独自在北京打拼的父亲无力抚养杜亮,便把他寄养在河南郑州的叔叔家,因为婶婶并不关心他,更不会给他零花钱,没钱买文具的他开始偷拿同学的笔、本等文具。直到后来回到父亲身边,他以参与多起盗窃案件并最终被抓进看守所而结束了自己长期的不良行为。
在长期跟踪帮扶杜亮的司法社工刘羽看来,如果能在他刚开始产生那些不良行为的时候就有人介入,加以正确引导,那么他很可能就不会犯下之后那些更大的错了。
课题组认为,针对已经出现不良行为的青少年应建立预警机制,并给予重点介入,进行心理和行为方面的矫正和训练,附带进行学习和就业辅导,帮助他们摆脱不健康的状态,防止其因失学而进一步危害社会。
据了解,全市1807所中小学校已经配备法制副校长,能够给在校青少年普及法律常识,但配备专业社工的学校却寥寥无几,对于已经出现不良行为的青少年,该如何矫正缺乏系统的对策。
课题组认为,传统学校教育受专业知识、人力等限制,在有不良行为学生教育管理中比较被动,且无法更多调动社会资源帮助有不良行为学生。社工可以运用专业知识和方法,实现校内及校外资源的整合,通过个案工作、友伴团体工作、家庭工作等多种专业工作方法的整合运用,从而帮助青少年减少不良行为的发生,回归到正常的学习、生活轨道中来,实现健康成长。
值得注意的是,调研中一线教师及教育工作者普遍反映,近年来女生的不良行为也有所增加。
根据调研,京籍未成年犯罪嫌疑人中男性208人,占89.3%,女性25人,占10.7%;看守所青少年犯罪嫌疑人中男性236人,占95.5%,女性11人,占4.5%;未成年犯管教所的犯罪青少年中男性162人,占95.9%,女性7人,占4.1%;47名北京普通中学及技校的有不良行为青少年中,男性41人,占87.2%,女性6人,占12.8%。
不良行为的背后是某种内心需求
在首都师范大学社会工作系副教授、北京超越青少年社工事务所主任席小华看来,青少年之所以产生不良行为,源于内心的某种需求。她曾跟调研组走进北京西城区的一所学校,发现老师正为学生抽烟头疼,为避免学生下课后扎堆儿去厕所抽烟,老师甚至都不敢休息,去厕所盯着。
“我问了一下,这些孩子真正有烟瘾的还不到10%,那为什么他们还那么喜欢抽烟呢?”在跟孩子的深入交流中,席小华找到了答案,“他们告诉我,如果像别人一样抽烟就能有朋友,就能够相互支持,这是一种社交的需求。”
在她看来,那些孩子是把抽烟当成了跟别人交往的方式,“如果我们能够评估出孩子行为背后的需求,通过针对性的辅导方案满足他们的需求,那他们自然就不会通过不良行为联系在一起了”。
在北京海淀寄读学校做驻校社工的金超然每天都要面对各种各样的不良行为青少年,她的工作之一便是解读这些孩子行为背后的内心需求。
篇9:北京道路交通事故损害赔偿协议书_合同范本
甲方(受害人或者其亲属):
乙方(驾驶人或者其亲属):
丙方(车辆挂靠单位名称):
年 月 日 时 分许,乙方 驾驶 车牌号为的 车 行驶至 县 路 居民区附近时,不慎与甲方的 发生交通事故,致 当场出现人身损害,财产受到相应损失。甲、乙、丙三方就赔偿事宜,经协商自愿达成如下协议:
一、乙方和丙方自愿一次性赔偿甲方各种法定人身损害赔偿项目以及财产损失项目共计万元(小写:元)整。
二、甲方同意接收上述赔偿款项,并放弃对乙方、丙方的其他一切权利,不再要求乙方、丙方进行任何形式的赔偿或承担其他任何责任。若甲方及甲方的其他利害关系人再向乙方提任何要求,由甲方负责处理解决。
三、本协议签订后,为方便乙方、丙方进行保险理赔,甲、乙、丙三方均同意互相配合就本事故的赔偿事宜通过非诉或者诉讼的方式解决。通过诉讼方式解决的,若法院出具判决书或者调解书确定的赔偿数额与本协议不一致,三方仍保证按本协议约定的赔偿数额履行。相关诉讼费、律师费及办案费用由乙丙两方承担。
四、乙方应在本协议生效之日向甲方支付赔偿金元,剩余款项元,乙方应于法院出具判决书之日全部付清。
五、丙方为乙方提供保证担保,若乙方不能按时支付上述赔偿款项,则由丙方代为支付。丙方代乙方支付赔偿款项后,有权向乙方追偿。
六、甲方对乙方的违法行为表示谅解,保证不再要求司法部门追究路甲友的任何行政、刑事责任,并保证在必要时配合乙方向司法机关等有关部门说明本协议的情况,出具相关文件或证明。
七、甲方保证不再要求乙方、丙方或保险公司赔偿超过本协议赔偿数额以外的任何赔偿。因本事故产生车辆保险的赔付,由乙方和丙方进行理赔或索赔,保险赔付款项全部归乙方和丙方所有。
八、甲方保证本协议合法有效,保证没有其他权利人就此事故再向乙方、丙方主张权利,若本协议被确认无效,甲方应将已收取的全部赔偿款返还于乙方,若造成乙方或丙方其他损失,则由甲方承担全部责任。
九、甲、乙双方任何一方违反本协议约定,违约方应向对方支付违约金伍万元。
十、此事故双方一次性了结,别无其他任何纠葛。
十一、本协议一式四份,自三方签字后生效,甲、乙、丙三方各执一份,交警部门各留存一份,具同等法律效力。
甲方:
乙方:
丙方:
年月日
篇10:北京天坛导游词优质篇
各位游客,大家好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。?
天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣殿,主建筑是大祀殿,也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙,北圆南方,寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间,将大祀殿改为现在祈年殿,将屋顶改为蓝色的琉璃瓦,形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。?
这一祭天圣地,在1860年遭遇了英法联军的洗劫,1900年又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏,新中国成立以后,这里成了着名的旅游景点,还有很多健身的人们。?现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的线路开始游览。?
现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进,将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘坛有两道围护墙,外方内圆,符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门,门的大小都不一样,这是因为中门是皇帝专用的,所以高大,皇帝只能从左侧的进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。?
来到圜丘坛下,我们马上就要开始登坛了,不过要请您留心数一数,每一层坛面有多少台阶。到了最高层,大家都会发现,坛上所有的阶数,都是九或九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是,因为古人认为九的极阳数。所以工匠们变用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛的"崇高"之意。?
谢谢你们来北京天坛,欢迎下次再来啦!
篇11:北京的优秀导游词-考证必看
大家好!我是一位小小导游。大家好!我是你们这次游览的导游。大家可以叫我小陈。今天是个好天气,认识你们很高兴,如果有什么问题,可以找我帮忙。祝大家旅行愉快!
请大家跟我去停车场乘坐大巴,长城在北京郊区,一百公里以外,我们要坐两个小时的车。
大家都坐好了吗?我们出发了。现在我就给出大家介绍一下着名的世界遗产——长城。
毛主席曾经说过:“不到长城非好汉。”今天,你们要登长城做好汉了!祝贺你们!长城是中国的像征,身为中华儿女的我们,又怎么能不骄傲呢?
大家记得古时候有一个传说吗?那是勤劳的孟姜女为了找被官兵捉去建筑长城的丈夫,经过许多艰难困苦,来到长城边。当她四处打听,才知道丈夫被活活地累死了,于是,她在长城哭了三天三夜。突然,只听”轰隆“一声,长城被哭倒了800里。孟姜女终于见到了自己死去的丈夫。游客们,这是多么感人的故事啊,可见,万里长城凝结了千万人民的血汗,是中华人民智慧的结晶。
长城从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关,有一万三千多里。我们今天去看的是最有名的八达岭长城。大家请跟我来。看,长城高大坚固,是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖,十分平整,像很宽的马路,五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子,垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口,供瞭望和射击用。城墙顶上,每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台,是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候,城台之间可以互相呼应。现在,大家站在长城上远眺,是不是前看不到头,后见不着尾呢?
游客们,我先介绍到这里了,请大家慢慢欣赏。
大家注意了,在游览时,不要乱丢垃圾,乱涂乱画,爱护长城这一人们用血汗换来的世界遗产。
篇12:北京住宅出租协议
出租方:_________
承租方:_________
依据《中华人民共和国民法典》及有关法律、法规的规定,甲乙双方在平等、自愿的基础上,就房屋租赁的有关事宜达成协议如下:
第一条 房屋基本情况
该房屋坐落于_________该房屋,建筑面积_________平方米,使用面积_________平方米。
第三条 房屋用途
该房屋用途为:办公,住宿。乙方保证,在租赁期内未征得甲方书面同意以及按规定经有关部门审核批准前,不擅自改变该房屋的用途。
第四条 租赁期限
房屋租赁期自_________年_________月_________日至_________年_________月_________日,共计_________年
租赁期满,甲方有权收回该房屋。乙方有意继续承租的,应提前1日向甲方提出续租要求,征得同意后甲乙双方重新签订房屋租赁合同。
第五条 租金
租金为_________元/月,年付_________元
第六条 房屋及附属设施的维护
租赁期内,甲方应保障该房屋及其附属设施处于适用和安全的状态。乙方发现该房屋及其附属设施有损坏或故障时,应及时通知甲方修复。
甲方应在接到乙方通知后的15日内进行维修。逾期不维修的,乙方可代为维修,费用由甲方承担。因维修房屋影响乙方使用的,应相应减少租金或延长租赁期限。
对于乙方的装修、改善和增设的他物甲方不承担维修的义务。
乙方应合理使用并爱护该房屋及其附属设施。因乙方保管不当或不合理使用,致使该房屋及其附属设施发生损坏或故障的,乙方应负责维修或承担赔偿责任。如乙方拒不维修或拒不承担赔偿责任的,甲方可代为维修或购置新物,费用由乙方承担。
对于该房屋及其附属设施因自然属性或合理使用而导致的损耗,乙方不承担责任。
本合同经甲乙双方签字盖章后生效。本合同一式三份,其中甲方执1份,乙方执1份,房屋租赁管理行政机关备案1份。
甲方:_________乙方:_________
签订地点:___________签订地点:___________
_________年____月____日_________年____月____日
篇13:北京导游词
故宫博物院是在明、清两代皇宫及其收藏的基础上建立起来的中国综合性博物馆。其位于北京市中心,前通天安门,后倚景山,东近王府井街市,西临中南海。1961年,经国务院批准,故宫被定为全国第一批重点文物保护单位。1987年,故宫被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产”名录。
依照中国古代星象学说,紫微垣(即北极星)位于中天,乃天帝所居,天人对应,是以皇帝的居所又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取帝位后,决定迁都北京,即开始营造这座宫殿,至明永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。1920xx年,辛亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制--清王朝,1920xx年逊帝溥仪被逐出宫禁。在这前后五百余年中,共有24位皇帝曾在这里生活居住和对全国实行统治。
紫禁城,四面环有高10m的城墙和宽52m的护城河。城南北长961m,东西宽753m,占地面积达780,000㎡。城墙四面各设城门一座,其中南面的午门和北面的神武门现专供参观者游览出入。城内宫殿建筑布局沿中轴线向东西两侧展开。红墙黄瓦,画栋雕梁,金碧辉煌。殿宇楼台,高低错落,壮观雄伟。朝暾夕曛中,仿若人间仙境。城之南半部以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,两侧辅以文华、武英两殿,是皇帝举行朝会的地方,称为“前朝”。北半部则以乾清、交泰、坤宁三宫及东西六宫和御花园为中心,其外东侧有奉先、皇极等殿,西侧有养心殿、雨花阁、慈宁宫等,是皇帝和后妃们居住、举行祭祀和宗教活动以及处理日常政务的地方,称为“后寝”。前后两部分宫殿建筑总面积达163,000㎡。整组宫殿建筑布局谨严,秩序井然,寸砖片瓦皆遵循着封建等级礼制,映现出帝王至高无上的权威。在封建帝制时代,普通的人民群众是不能也不敢靠近它一步的。
辛亥革命后,这座宫殿本应全部收归国有,但按照那时拟定的《清室优待条件》,逊帝溥仪却被允许“暂居宫禁”,即“后寝”部分。当时的政府决定,将热河(承德)行宫和盛京(沈阳)故宫的文物移至故宫的“前朝”部分,于1920xx年成立了“古物陈列所”。溥仪居宫内,一直与亡清残余势力勾结,图谋复辟,且以赏赐、典当、修补等名目,从宫中-大量文物,引起了社会各界的严重关注。1920xx年,冯玉祥发动“北京政变”,将溥仪逐出宫禁,同时成立“清室善后委员会”,接管了故宫,对宫内文物进行清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备,于1920xx年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼,并通电全国,宣布故宫博物院正式成立。开放的第一天,人们以争先一睹这座神秘的皇宫及其宝藏为快,北京市内万人空巷,交通为之堵塞,此亦成为当天各大报纸的重大新闻。
经初步清点,清代宫廷遗留下来的文物,据1920xx年公开出版的二十八册《清室善后委员会点查报告》一书所载,计有一百一十七万余件,包括三代鼎彝、远古玉器、唐宋元明之法书名画、宋元陶瓷、珐琅、漆器、金银器、竹木牙角匏、金铜宗教造像以及大量的帝后妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等等。可谓金翠珠玉,奇珍异宝,天下财富,尽聚于此。除此之外,还有大量图书典籍、文献档案。为此故宫博物院下设古物馆、图书馆、文献馆,分别组织人力继续对文物进行整理,并就宫内开辟展室,举办各种陈列,还编辑出版多种刊物,公开资料,进行宣传。各项工作开展得有声有色,人文荟萃,极一时之盛。
第二次世界大战全面爆发前夕,日本帝国主义鲸吞了中国东北领土,步步进逼华北,形势危急。为了保护故宫文物不至遭战火毁灭或被日本帝国主义掠夺,故宫博物院决定采取文物避敌南迁之策。从1933年2月至5月,宫内重要文物被装成13,427箱又64包,分五批先运抵上海,后又运至南京。遂于南京建立文物库房,并成立了故宫博物院南京分院。1937年,“七·七卢沟桥事变”爆发,抗日战争全面展开。南迁文物又沿三路辗转迁徙至四川,分别存于四川省的巴县、峨嵋和乐山。直到抗日战争胜利后,三处文物复集中于重庆,于1947年运回南京。在中国人民解放军即将渡江之际,自1948年底至1949年初,南京-政府从南京库房中挑选出2,972箱文物运往中国台湾,后于台北市士林外双溪建立新馆,公开对外展出。余下的大批文物,在1949年以后陆续运回故宫博物院一万余箱,但至今还有2,221箱仍封存于南京库房,委托南京博物院代为保管。在这场长达十余年的惨烈的战争期间,由于故宫博物院的工作人员不畏艰难险阻,尽职尽责,南迁文物数量虽巨,却没有一件丢失和损伤,故宫人员的精神、事迹,可歌可泣。可又是因为这场战争,致使故宫的文物分处异地。这份祖国传统文化之珍藏应是一个整体,而尤与紫禁城建筑不可分离,人们相信,终有一日,其终将得以完璧。
篇14:北京反思总结
我十分喜欢《尊严》这篇文章,因为它带给不同年龄阶段的人不同的思考。孩子们读了它可能只能悟到不吃别人施舍的食物,吃靠自己的劳动赚来的就是尊严。而我们则不一样。课堂上,为了更充分的使孩子们体会到石油大王哈默的高贵品质,我采用了联系上文对比体会的方式。我先请学生划出描写逃难人们的语句,这里包括外貌描写及动作描写。外貌描写只有一句,“他们面呈菜色,疲惫不堪”。我引导学生仔细读这句,然后提问:从面呈菜色,疲惫不堪这两个词中读出了什么。学生们,有的说我读出了他们很累;有的说读出了他们很饿;有的说读出了他们缺乏营养,急需食物……我问:从那些语句,你看出他们确实急需食物?孩子们立即找到了后面的动作描写。我说,是啊,他们连一句感谢的话都顾不上说,就狼吞虎咽的吃起来,因此课文中用了一个非常确切的词来形容------显然。
到这,孩子们对这个词的理解应该说很到位。此时我又节外生枝了一点,如此饱受饥饿的逃难人,此时就在我们眼前,对于我们每一个富有同情心的人来说,他们的这种行为,我们能理解吗?学生一致认为能。此时,我把话锋一转,让我们再来看看这个特殊的年轻人,学生读出对年轻人外貌的描写,我写下“脸色苍白,骨瘦如柴”这两个词。请大家注意,年轻人与其他逃难的人一样的缺乏健康,营养,食物。可当杰克逊大叔将食物送到他面前时,他依然拒绝了。此刻引导学生练读两人的对话部分,最有助于体会人物的心情及高尚的品质,所以我让学生之间互相练习。结果,孩子们体会的很深刻。
故事中,这个年轻人的形象也深深的印在了孩子们的心中。由于,这的教学处理得当,后面的那句:别看他现在什么都没有,可他百分之百是个富翁,因为他有尊严。学生很容易就理解了。由这个教学片段,我真正懂得了“精讲”的含义。
篇15:北京故宫导游词700字
大家好,我是你们的导游。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首,又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫,是世界上现存最大,最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看,故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量,故宫有打大小院90多座,房屋980多座共8070间。
大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门,它高12米,可想而知,它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看,经过几百年的风吹雨打,它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶,当时,黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。
现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场,官员站的位置也很有讲究:文官站右,武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上,会看见精雕细琢的图案,它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走
现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾,龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳,是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧,那只黄龙居中,前爪作出环抱的样子,后足分撅海水,龙身弯曲,瞠目张颌,好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰,双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙,好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央,我也要!大家参观时不要摸,这样颜色会脱掉的,爱护文物,从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。
(玩了一会)
本次旅游到此结束,谢谢各位参观,再见!
篇16:北京导游词英语
Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the peoples heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesnt matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian gate.It was just a wooden archway, which means "to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven". However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperors respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tiananmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed daian, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed daihe, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.
This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of "Jinfeng imperial edict" was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new China.The portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.
The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.
In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and right.The one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male masters foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into todays Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the peoples feelings.The one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.
Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Changan Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Changan left gate and Changan right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Changan that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Changan, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.
In ancient China, there was a saying of "wendongwuxi", so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governors office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.
Now we cant see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.
On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a "mountain". The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand peoplesCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National Peoples Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.
In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.
Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the peoples heroes.According to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese peoplesPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the peoplesheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sichengs design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. Thats what we see today.52.8.1 was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.
The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote "the peoples heroes are immortal". On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the peoples heroes who died in the peoplesLiberation War and the peoples revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the peoples heroes who died in the peoples Liberation War and the peoplesrevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand peoples freedom and happiness, the peoples heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the river.On both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the peoples Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.
To the south of the monument to the peoples Heroes is the chairmansmemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairmans death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Chinese Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairmansbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairmans poem "Manjianghong" is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old revolutionary.Now the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.
Behind the chairmans memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now its the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairmans memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.
In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of Chinas nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.
The original flagpole base of Tiananmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.
The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.
The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.
篇17:故宫导游词2分钟_北京导游词_网
故宫又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫,堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫,就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。
故宫导游词2分钟1
大家好!我是星星导游社的导游王景瑶,也可以叫我小王。我们今天游览地方是故宫,希望可以和大家度过美好的一天。
故宫又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫,堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫,就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。
好了,今天我的导游就到这里结束了,下面请大家自己观赏这美丽的风景吧!但是大家一定要记住,请大家不要乱扔果皮,谢谢配合。445分钟后,请大家来这里集合,愿你们开心快乐。
故宫导游词2分钟2
各位来自世界各地的游客们,大家好!欢迎来到故宫,我是来自河南油田的王导游,下面的时间就由我带大家去细细游赏美丽的故宫。
故宫是世界上保存最完好,规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。看,这是故宫朝南的正门,叫做午门。午门的下面有五个拱门,正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入,即使地位很高的大臣,也只能使用两端的小门,地方上的诸侯只能使用两端最小的小门,一般的百姓连靠近故宫都不行,但是现在谁都可以进啦!
瞧!这个建筑叫太和门。是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这儿放着一对狮子,它强悍、威武、高大,代表着皇帝的威严。
正前面的大殿叫太和殿,是故宫内最大的建筑物,并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物,你们觉得它高吗?是的,它现在一点也不高,因为北京发展很快,高的建筑物比比皆是。
好了,我的讲解告一段落,大家自由游览,30分钟后在这儿集合。
故宫导游词2分钟3
大家好,欢迎大家来到北京。北京有许多名胜古迹,今天我带领大家参观的是著名的故宫。我是大家的导游,我姓胡,大家可以叫我胡导,但大家请放心,我决不会给大家胡导的。这位是我们的司机师傅,也姓胡。所以,本次参观就由我们二胡组合来为大家服务。
我们现在正在去故宫的路上,借着这点时间,我先给大家介绍一下故宫。故宫是我国现存最大最完整的皇宫,在世界上堪称最为壮丽的古代建筑群,已有近620xx年的历史。故宫是我国明、清两代24个皇帝的皇宫。故宫的建筑布局分为外朝和内廷。外朝是皇帝举行大典和召见大臣的主要场所,内廷是皇帝处理日常政务和后妃及幼年皇子居住游玩的地方。故宫共有宫殿9000多间,雕梁画柱,金碧辉煌,非常华丽威严。
好,现在我们已经到达停车场,请大家跟随我进入故宫。在进门之前,我要提醒大家:面对我们祖先留下的这些珍贵文物时,要格外珍惜,不要损坏。
最后,祝大家本次参观玩的开心。
故宫导游词2分钟4
各位游客,大家好.我是东厦旅行社的导游,名字叫余旭芸,大家叫我余导游就行了.今天,我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿------北京故宫.
北京故宫始建于1420xx年,建成于1420xx年,是明清两朝的皇宫,又名紫禁城.故宫占地面积72万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,屋子有9999间半.故宫四周饶10米高的城墙,外有50多米宽的护河城.现在,我们已经来到了北京故宫门前.各位游客们,你们看,这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼.现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方.它们主要有三大殿:太和殿.中和殿.保和殿.现在,我们已经来到了太和殿,它是三大殿中最为高大的,它金碧辉煌,非常好看.看,这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏,称为望柱,柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画.非常显目且好看.我们出出进进都有四个门:南有午门,北有神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门.其中午门为正门.
好了,北京故宫我们已经游览完了,现在是自由活动时间,大家可以解散,但要注意以下几点:
1.不准破坏文物.在墙上乱图乱画.
2.不准破坏环境及随地吐痰.
3.要注意安全,迷路了要即使打电话和我们联系
下午四点要在午门集合,现在解散
故宫导游词2分钟5
大家好,欢迎大家来到故宫游玩,我是今天的导游:邵,大家以后可以叫我小邵,今天我们来游览太和殿、中和殿和御花园这三处景点。
首先我来说一下进入故宫的注意事项:
1、要注意自己的人身安全和财物安全。
2、不要乱扔垃圾,注意
环保
3、保护文物,不要乱写乱画。
下面我来介绍一下故宫,故宫位于北京市中心,南北长961米,东西宽753米,面积是15.5万平方米,是世界上现存最大、最完整的古建筑群,故宫是明、清两代皇家居住的地方,据说居住过24位皇帝。
我们先进入午门,大家面前的就是太和殿,太和殿是皇帝与朝中大臣商议朝事是的地点。
咱们继续往前走,现在在大家面前的是中和殿,中和殿是皇上赶赴太和殿时稍作休息的地方。
最后在大家眼前的就是御花园,相传当时的御花园都是有图案的鹅卵石做成的,当时的太后慈禧看着上面的图案十分有趣,便命人照着上面的火车图案做了一个,但她感觉让火车开起来太可怕了,便让人拉着火车跑,自己坐在上面。御花园到后来就变成了宫中娘娘们赏花、娱乐的地点。
我的介绍完毕了,祝大家玩得愉快,再见!
篇18:关于北京的导游词150字
大家好!各位长途旅行辛苦了。
首先代表北京青年旅行社欢迎各位朋友的到来。来到中国。来到首都北京参观游览。请允许我向大家做个简单的自我介绍。我叫__x。来自于__x旅行社。将做为大家此次之行的导游。而为我们大家驾车的司机姓x,入乡随俗,在北京称司机为师傅,所以大家叫他x师傅就可以了。
对我的称呼就会随意一些了,就直呼我的名字叫__x吧。
接下来在北京的行程就由我和王师傅共同为大家服务,相信我和x师傅默契的配合,热情周到的服务,会让大家在北京渡过一个快乐,难忘,有意义的假期,同时大家在旅游活动过程中有何想法和建议,可以直接告诉我或司机师傅,也可以讲给你们的领队让他来转告我。
在可能并不超出我职权范围之内的事情我一定会尽力的帮助大家。同时也希望大家在此次之行中可以支持并配合我的导游服务工作。在此先前大家致敬感谢了!
篇19:北京导游词300字
天安门广场位于北京市中心,南北长880米,东西宽500米,面积达44万平方米,可容纳100万人举行盛大-,是当今世界上最大的城市广场。
天安门广场记载了北京人民不屈不挠的革命精神和大无畏的英雄气概,五四运动、一 二九运动、五 二○运动都在这里为中国现代革命史留下了浓重的色彩。新中国成立后,天安门广场拓宽,并在广场中央修建了人民英雄纪念碑,后又分别在广场的西侧修建了人民大会堂、东侧修建了中国革命博物馆和中国历史博物馆、南侧修建了毛主席纪念堂。
天安门城楼坐落在广场的北端。天安门建于明永乐十五年(1420xx年),原名承天门,清顺治八年(1651年)改建后称天安门。城门五阙,重楼九楹,通高33.7米。在20xx余平方米雕刻精美的汉白玉须弥基座上,是高10余米的红白墩台,墩台上是金碧辉煌的天安门城楼。城楼下是碧波粼粼的金水河,河上有5座雕琢精美的汉白玉金水桥。城楼前两对雄健的石狮和挺秀的华表巧妙地相配合,使天安门成为一座完美的建筑艺术杰作。
1949年10月1日,毛泽东主席在天安门城楼上宣告中华人民共和国成立,并亲手升起第一面五星红旗。从此天安门城楼成为新中国的象征,它庄严肃穆的形象是我国国徽的重要组成部分。
篇20:北京旅游景点导游词
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走,面前的建筑叫做天库,而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年,起初叫做泰神殿,到了十七年,改名为现在的皇穹宇,它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方,所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌,而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主,还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上,天,宇宙的意思,更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。
它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇,总体呈圆形,下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座,为青白石筑成,有东南西三个方向的出陛,也就是台阶,而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱,大殿上架没有横梁承托,全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑,步步收缩,从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美,而且还有回音壁和三音石,这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙,围墙建造的磨砖对缝,十分的平滑,是很好的声音载体,可以传声,在传递途中对声音损失极小,只要对着墙说话,就算相隔四五十米,见不到面,都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头,您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音,第二块石头可以听到两次,而第三块就可以听到三次回音,所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石,取天地人三才的意思。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了,天坛有非常多的柏树,不错,它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中,有一株500余岁的桧柏,就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特,布满了沟壑,而且旋转扭曲,好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏,所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后,我们就即将走进祈谷坛了,而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥,也叫做海墁大道,而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道,长360米,桥面上分为三条道,中间的是神道,东边是御道,西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢?这有两种说法,一种是说路面南低北高,步步高升,好像与天相连接的桥;而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门,类似立交桥,所以称之为桥。说到进牲门,就是在祭祀前,牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀,制成供品,所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关,因为一进去就有死无生了。
好,回到正题,现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台,在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前,皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次,盥洗更衣,所以这里还有小金殿之称。
到此,祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台,而在正面三层石台阶中,分别装饰着巨大的浮雕,叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是:瑞云山海,双凤山海,双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间,原来是安放从祀牌位的地方,不过在家靖年间,把它们挪到了先农坛,所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩,都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖,以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶,抬头仰视,便是龙凤藻井,中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的,中间的四柱名叫龙井柱,东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬;而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间,则分别代表了一年的12个月份;外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气;同时,这28根大柱,也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感叹殿内建筑的同时,也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的,正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版,左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。
和每年的祭天一样,这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天,有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐,身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿,向牌位行大礼,祈祷上苍,然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧,送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。
到这里,祈年殿也差不多讲完了,而它还有一个附属建筑,作用和皇穹宇差不多,也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方,就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来,可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊,共有七十二间,俗称七十二连房,它不仅用来连接神厨神库,而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道,在长廊的东头,就是宰牲亭,就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向,有八块巨大的青石,称为七星石,都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢?原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头,而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代,有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好,不利于国家,所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代,康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据,就派人考察山脉,发现泰山是长白山的余脉,所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石,象征东北长白山,如果按这种说法,那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。