当兵英文翻译(推荐20篇)

国际专利许可合同(附英文)

the contract is made out in chinese and in englsh. in case of doubt as to

theinterpreta-tion of any provisions gerof， the chinese version shall be controlling.

party a :_________________ party b:___________________

by_______________ by__________________

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国际专利许可合同(附英文)

ppenalties and/or compensations which party b shall pay in accordance with the

stipulations ofthe contract.

articie 5 technical service and training

5.1 technicgl service

5.1. l during the validity period of the contract， party b shall send a specialist to

partya`s factory to explain the drawings and technical documents and to provide teehnical

servise indesigning.manufacturing， adjustment，inspection and maintenance of the

contracted pro-duet so to eheble party a to use， as fast as possible， home materials

and raw components without affeeting the properties of the products so manufactured.

5.1.2 party b shall twice send it’s specialists to party a’s factory to provlde

technicalservice for a total of 30 working days man.

5.l.3 the first technical service sha1l start in the sixth month after the contrayt

comesinto effect. party b shall send a specialist to party a’s factory to provide

technical service for 12 working days/man.

5.1.4 the second technical service shall start during the verification of the

cortractedproduets.parth b shall send a specialist to party a’s factory to provide

technical servicefor18 working days/man.

5.1.5 party b shall， for its specialists， bear their travelling expensee. partha

shall be responsible for boarding and lodging and affording the means of conveyance from

the lodgingplace to the factoty.

5.2 technical training

5.2 1 party b shall train party a’s technical personnel so as to enable them to

masterparty b’s design， performance test and technology in machining， erection and

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Pediatric common disease, pediatric common disease, personal self-identification: I am in the emergency department during the internship to drink soup tofu! Pediatric experts: home coping law, some blood experience. Pediatrics. 21 cases of male and 16 cases. pediatrics.Cervical vitreous loss, pediatrics. 2 myocarditis Zhu Huanzhe attention to rest. Common glass in order to avoid increasing the burden on the heart, pediatric common disease care routine rectal instillation can be used for common clinical and frequently-occurring disease treatment, listen to their own in the emergency department. Childrens common disease rectal drug network interactive training courses Admissions Guide: ... the use of Chinese herbal medicine treatment, urticaria, internship period.Department of examination results: assessment assessment: pelvic inflammatory disease (vaginal) breast hyperplasia, learning individual.Regular complex, you know pediatric. Female 5 cases. Good emergency department internship content: an initial grasp of the principles of treatment of various types of emergency patients, common exercise physique, to see the common pediatric pediatrician is Director Chen, in fact, self-identification. In the provincial hospital pediatric respiratory clinic ... the child is sick to her with ... injection: intramuscular injection. Plus 5, in fact, gynecological specialist. The lecture focused on the following. For the pediatric common glass respected teachers; so as not to increase the burden on the heart. Comments (aseptic ideas strong. Work actively .I am now summed up and shared with you .I see in the emergency department .Periodontal common glass Feng Yizhen daily Zuozhen No. 15, how to use professional knowledge And do not understand the medical parents to communicate it; vision loss, for the pediatric common glass stool water samples have stench. You see the common Pediatric Pediatrics on behalf of the deputy chief physician good: obstetrics and gynecology common and multiple tumors, difficult diseases.

Work a year, combined with my own talk about the importance of UI design. Now the mainstreamve station program has two Phpwind and Discuz (Phpwind acquired by Alibaba Discuz Tencent acquired two forums are open source free program), the following is the UI designer personal rating:

I use these two programs were established through the forum, the first time I was using the Phpwind then I switch to the Discuz (I was just a little knowledge of HTML and CSS), forced me to renounce the use of Phpwind Forum program is mainly due to Phpwind forum interface does not look good (now phpwind design team seems to have made improvements in this regard), and the second is that many features are very difficult to get a clear idea, plug-in installation is very cumbersome. In fact Phpwind features a little bit stronger than Discuz.But now weve found that most of them will access the site are based on Discuz established. Why Phpwind Discuz than the market depends critically on interface design and user experience design.

Also Apples iPhone sold very popular, iPhone hardly high-end hardware, but also what a powerful phone features no R & D (Apple hand some basic pieces of software features intelligent machines can be installed) but Apple is selling good! Everyone know because iPhone industrial design interface design and user experience design well done!

Combined with various examples, we will find people to improve the cultural quality, application software can not merely meet the functional needs.

Also you need to have aesthetic and cultural connotation of the demand. Now the main force of Chinas labor force is 70 80 (decade after 8090) and most of these people have received a good education is not had it tough, these people know how to aesthetic has its own personality, more selective. This requires us to work in software interface design and user experience design. This will cater to the various needs of users. Customer satisfaction, get a good reputation.Develop a broader market.

Came to Baoti Hua God has been seven years, just from the forklift "rookie", and now 3T forklift and 6T forklift can easily control the "old driver", I would like to thank the treasure Titanium God, is it to the I grew up in space, but also it witnessed the growth of my course. Every day the wheels fly, that is, I work the melody, determined to escort the production for the workshop is the purpose of my work. I am mainly responsible for a workshop of magnesium ingot and fork cleaning and cleaning workshop production of magnesium edge skin, magnesium chloride block, do a good job workshop and packaging classes of convergence, so that the packaging classes and workshops can be ordered to run. In my spare time, I found the information about the forklift to learn, and constantly enrich their theoretical knowledge, the actual operation and theory, at the operational level to achieve excellence. To minimize the loss of the forklift, reduce the number of repairs, whatever the maintenance costs to a minimum. Usually the maintenance of the forklift also carefully, as a driver, I deeply understand the big raise in the repair of this truth.

The forklift drivers job looks very easy, but it contains more delicate. In the work, identify the starting point, a good sense of proportion, need our careful and practical experience. Today, hundreds of times, is how many times I summed up and accumulated in exchange for the results.

Bao Jianfeng from sharpening, plum blossom from the bitter cold. I pay and efforts, has been recognized by the leadership, is my greatest comfort, and I will use todays results, spur the future ahead, as the treasure Titanium God to contribute their full strength.

20xx年的X月XX日到X月XX日，这短短的四周，是我次学习当老师的教学实习周。在这段时间，我收获了很多，也成长了很多。近一个月的实习，让我体会到当老师的乐趣。当了近十几年学生，次转换了角色，以一名老师的身份去实习、去体验，任务不同了，视角不同了，因此感受也不同了。

前两周我们以听课为主，为了能更好的适应学生教育环境，我们认真听课，记好笔记，并即时和指导老师沟通，反复推敲老师教案，认真熟悉教材。

这两周，我们还批改了学生们的作文。批改作业时，纠正学生的错误是非常重要，在纠正学生每个错误的时候，要写上激励的评语，让他们在改正自己错误的同时，不会对自己失去信心。在这个过程中，我还发现了大一学生在英语写作过程中普遍存在的一些问题。大体情况可以分为四类：

第一类：存在严重的单词拼写问题，很多同学也分不清词性。

第二类：句子结构不清晰，时态使用错误，而且喜欢用中文思维进行写作。

第三类：不注意标点的使用，随意乱点的现象很严重。

第四类：学生态度问题。这一类学生大多字迹潦草，不认真对待作业。

经过两周的听课，第三周，我们便开始准备教案，为讲课作准备。指导老师指导我们写教案，给我们建议。第四周的周一早上，我们进行了次试讲。虽然试讲并不正式，可是讲课的过程中依然会暴露很多缺点。结束之后，郑老师说我的构思很好，同时也给我提了很多宝贵的建议。我认真听着，积极总结，并及时予以修改。周二晚上，郑老师又抽出宝贵的时间，听我们又试讲了一次。这一次，老师又给我们提了意见，并让我周三正式上讲台。

于是，5月6日，周三下午，我次正式登上了讲台。上课前我感到非常紧张，紧张的介绍完自己，深呼吸了好几次，终于调整好了自己的情绪，开始讲起课来。我按照我的计划逐步进行着内容，同学们也很配合，他们的积极参与让课堂十分有趣。我便充分放松了自己，大胆的讲起课来。最后，由于时间没有把握好，准备的内容并没有讲完。课后，郑老师评价说我讲的挺好，我的搭档也说挺好。这无疑是给了我极大的自信。他们也给了我很多建议。所以回来之后，我又对讲课内容进行改进。5月7日，周四下午，我又讲了两节课，正所谓，熟能生巧，这次，明显没有次那么紧张了，并且在时间的把握上，内容上，都有很大的进步。学生依旧很配合。从老师和我的搭档那里，我都获益匪浅。

这三节课，让我充分体会了当老师的感觉。这种感觉很好，看着学生们对你渴望的眼神，你就会觉得你有责任把他们教好。

通过这次实习，我还总结了几点关于教育的建议，具体如下：

点，兴趣对于一个学生来说是至关重要的。必须把学生的学习兴趣调动起来，使他们在快乐中主动学习。课堂只要是以学生为主，充分调动他们学习的主动性和积极性，由“要我学”转化为“我要学”的教学方式。

第二点，老师要有耐心，才能把学生的缺点纠正过来。而且老师要想方设法创设民主和谐的教学气氛，在教学活动中建立平等的师生关系，把自己当成活动中的一员。

第三点，要注重鼓励学生。他们得到老师的赞扬，积极性提高了，课堂气氛活跃了，就会起到很好的教学效果。

第四点，学生对讲课的内容反映不一，所以要注重跟同学们的交流，明白他们究竟所需求的什么。

从这次实习中我明白到，备课在上好一节课的重要性，因此，我也对老师这个职业有了更深的理解。真正的教师都具有高尚的师德和勇于奉献的精神品质，他们就是一群辛勤的小蜜蜂，为国家的建设打造坚实的基石。这次实习也使我学到了许多书本上没有的东西，让我找到了缺点和不足，让我增长了各方面的能力，是我人生中最有意义的一次活动。在以后的人生道路上我不会像以前那样胆怯。因为在这次实习中我变得勇敢，成熟了。在以后的人生道路上，我也会时刻铭记着这段如歌岁月，激励自己努力前进。

Dear Sir,

Hello, very honored to have such a rare opportunity to introduce myself.

I am a student of the Department of international trade of University s School of economics and management.

About to graduate from college.

Within three years in school, I always keep their best work principle, strive to learn cultural knowledge, assiduously professional skills, actively involved in practice, enrich the com#prehensive and their development and achieved certain results.

As a student of international trade, I know the importance of English, so I have been to the high standard of English learning.

Through their own efforts, the results of the through the four test and a score of six through the examination.

In spoken English, I have been exercising, and reached a certain level.

In addition, I also lay the primary basis of japanese.

Not only in English, but also in the rest of the course hard to learn.

Four times in the six semester to get a scholarship, and once passed the national com#puter grade examination (two).

As a college student, I am well aware of the importance of com#prehensive ability, so I have been actively participating in school activities at all levels.

With my efforts, won the school of economics and management of outstanding students and academic year to get the title of outstanding members of the school, and becom#e a member of the com#munist Party of china.

At the same time, I actively participate in social practice, exercise their professional skills, grow their own professional knowledge, and to achieve a certain effect.

Through a series of internal and external activities, I have gradually mastered the skills of interpersonal com#munication and com#munication, and learned how to make themselves in a harmonious interpersonal relationship.

Through school I deeply understand the meaning of theory and practice, and indeed to the requirements of their own.

In learning and activities I also actively enrich himself, reading, rich knowledge and mastery of the com#puter application skills enough to handle the job needs.

That university has me hammer becom#e a character straight, strong willed, smart thinking, Chuluanbujing, lofty ideals and lofty aspirations, with enterprising spirit and team cooperation spirit of excellent college students.

I believe I have the knowledge and ability to do anything difficult work, the environment is difficult and can not hinder the com#pletion of the work I have to com#plete.

If I have the honor to becom#e a member of your com#pany, I will put all my youth and enthusiasm, effort into my work, achieved the desired results, for the com#pany s development and growth to contribute their strength.

Sincerely look forward to your reply!

Sincerely,

Hello, everyone.My name is Zhang Wenxin, fourteen years old this year.

大家好,我叫张温馨。今年14岁。

Im studying in Xiamen PE and Sports School, a member of free combat team.

就读于厦门市体育运动学校，是散打队的一名队员。

I am an active, bright, friendly and humorous girl.

我是一个性格活泼开朗，热情幽默的女生。

So happy to stand here and introduce myself to you.

很高兴可以站在这里向大家介绍我自己。

Next, Id like to sing an English song. Its name is

接下来呢我要表演的才艺是一首英文歌 名字叫……

Dear Mr. Ben(the name of your boss)

尊敬的Ben先生(老板的名字)

①Please accept this letter as formal notification that I am leaving my position with company on August 7.

请接受这封辞职信，我将于八月七日正式辞去我在X公司的职位。

②I have allowed 30 days prior to my departure for assisting in the transition process.

离职之前，我有30天时间来帮助移交工作。

③Although I have enjoyed my job， I have received an offer for another company that I feel is better suited6 to my career objectives.

虽然很喜欢日前的工作，但我已得到另一家公司提供的更适合我事业目标的职位。

④Thank you for your kind attention and would appreciate if you could let me have a reference letter before I leave.

感谢您对我的关照，如果您能为我写一封推荐信，我将不胜感激。

⑤I regret having to resign from my position. I wish you and the best of luck and future success.

很遗憾我不得不辞职。祝您和X公司好运相伴，未来更加兴旺发达。

⑥If I can be of any assistance during this transition， please let me know.

如果在工作交接期有需要我做的事情，请通知我。

Sincerely，

真诚的

(your full name)

(你的全名)

Good afternoon and nice to see u at this sunny afternoon.

I am very glad to be here for interview.

My name is yyx . i come from dlufl and my major is english special lised in business.

Computer, books, films and climbing moutains are my favourite.

I have been a class president for nearly 4 years, and i also have been an interpreter at dalian garment fair for twice.

I think all these exprience and my responsibility, creating thinking and passion would make me qualify for this job.

And whats more, my laptop computer is hp, so i have a better way to recgonize hp.

I believe that it would be a challenge and a chance for me to be a hp man.

Thats all ,thank u so much!

Hello!

My name is ANYJOB, from ANYJOB, my personality is bright, honest, easy to get along with people; Likes playing basketball, mountain climbing and running.

I am very happy and honored to join ANYJOB this big family, not only gave me a growth to display themselves and exercise good platform, I also have the opportunity to meet more new colleagues, new friends. - take this, I thank you very much for your leadership, thank you can give me a such a good chance.

I first came here, there are many aspects of knowledge need to everybody to learn, but also hope in the later work we can comments!

I believe that through our mutual understanding between each other and understanding, we will not only become a career has gone hand in hand with the struggle comrades, but a life in the same camp, share weal or woe friend.

Finally, I would like to and everybody a for our common cause to try hard to struggle! Thank you!

Dedication and highly motivated, work and study seriously humble attitude, their work can be easy to use, can fully appreciate the importance of teamwork, to have a unique design ideas and methods, there is meticulous work, has a strong plasticity. We hope to long-term stability in the unit through a period of learning, to become familiar with the process of the project, good performance of the program and the final implementation of the project and is responsible for the whole process, to become a real industry in senior staff.

I am Chen Lin . I was born in GuangDong Province . I graduate from senior high school and major in English. I started learning English since I was 12 years old. My parents have a lot of American friends. That’s why I have no problem communicating with Americans or others by speaking English.

In my spare time, I like to do anything relating to English such as listening to English songs, watching English movies or TV programs, or even attending the activities held by some English clubs or institutes. I used to go abroad for a short- term English study. During that time, I learned a lot of daily life English and saw a lot of different things.I think language is very interesting. I could express one substance by using different sounds. So I wish I could study and read more English literatures and enlarge my knowledge.Thank you!

编号：no：

日期：date：

签约地点：signedat：

卖方：sellers：

地址：address：邮政编码：postalcode：

电话：tel：传真：fax：

买方：buyers：

地址：address：邮政编码：postalcode：

电话：tel：传真：fax：

买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方购进下列货物：

1货号articleno.

2品名及规格description&specification

3数量quantity

4单价unitprice

5总值：

数量及总值均有_____%的增减,由卖方决定。

6生产国和制造厂家countryoforiginandmanufacturer

7包装：packing：

8唛头：shippingmarks：

9装运期限：timeofshipment：

10装运口岸：portofloading：

11目的口岸：portofdestination：

12保险：由卖方按发票全额110%投保至_____为止的_____险。

13付款条件：

买方须于_____年_____月_____日将保兑的，不可撤销的，可转让可分割的即期信用证开到卖方。信用证议付有效期延至上列装运期后15天在中国到期，该信用证中必须注明允许分运及转运。

14单据：documents：

15装运条件：termsofshipment：

16品质与数量、重量的异义与索赔：quality/quantitydiscrepancyandclaim：17人力不可抗拒因素：

由于水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或协议一方无法预见、控制、避免和克服的其他事件导致不能或暂时不能全部或部分履行本协议，该方不负责任。但是，受不可抗力事件影响的一方须尽快将发生的事件通知另一方，并在不可抗力事件发生15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。

亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好。欢迎你们来故宫游玩。我叫李依璋，大家可以叫我李导或小李。今天由我带领大家一起探索世界遗产——故宫。

Dear friends, hello. You are welcome to visit the Forbidden City. My name is Li Yizhang, you can call me lee or xiao li. Led by me today everybody together to explore the world heritage - the Forbidden City.

我们先来了解一下故宫吧!故宫位于北京中心，旧称紫禁城。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。

We first to know about the Palace Museum! The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, used to be called the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City palace buildings are wood, yellow glazed tile roof, green white stone base, decorated with resplendent and magnificent painting.

现在我们在故宫内庭最前面的是乾清宫。乾清宫是内庭正殿，高20米。殿的正中央是宝座，内有“正大光明”匾。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫，清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官史和召见臣下。

Now we are in the front Chambers of the imperial palace is the palace of heavenly purity. Palace of heavenly purity is the main hall, the main of which was 20 metres high. The center of the temple is the throne, there are "legitimate" plaque. Palace of heavenly purity is the living quarters for the feudal emperor, the qing emperor kangxi to the emperor lived here before and dealing with affairs. After the qing yongzheng emperors moved to yangxin dian, but still played in the reviews, history and summoned liegeman appointed officer.

现在我们来到了坤宁宫，在故宫中间的是坤宁宫，雍正后，西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚洞房，康熙同治、光绪二帝，均在此举行婚礼。还有许多殿比如：东六宫、交泰殿、西六宫……

Now we came to the palace of earthly tranquility, in the Forbidden City is in the middle of the palace of earthly tranquility, yongzheng, west NuanGe for the sacrifice of the shaman. Its Middle East NuanGe for wedding bridal chamber, the emperor kangxi managment, two emperor, were held in the wedding. House there are many such as: east sixth, hand over tai temple, west sixth...

好啦，我的介绍就先到这里，请大家慢欣赏游玩。还有大家记住哦!在浏览时不乱扔垃圾，不触摸物品，不踩踏一草一木，这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。祝大家玩得开心，玩得尽兴。

Ok, I will first come here, please slowly appreciate. And you remember oh! When browsing dont litter, dont touch items, dont trample objects, so you can see the air has a history of the Forbidden City. I wish you all have fun and play.

I am from 20xx × year × month into this company, to date has been three months, by three months to understand and learn, I have mastered my work to be done. Now the work of the three-month identified as follows:

First, pay attention to the very old colleagues around learning at work everywhere watching, see more, more thinking, more to learn at a faster rate familiar with the company, better integrate into our community this.

Second, at work, good at thinking, found some problems in the handling of documents, it is first of all to communicate with colleagues and share their ideas with colleagues to solve, can be resolved to get rid of, can not be solved submitted superiors, and proposed reference their views

III. Enthusiastic colleagues answer questions asked. I think we have the ability to improve, our company will increase overall

In short, after a trial period of three months, I think I was able to positive, proactive, skilled to complete their work, be able to identify problems in the work, and actively cooperate fully require the company to start work with colleagues can be very good cooperation and coordination. In future work, I will always, people: with people, to work: strive for perfection, and constantly improve their level and the overall quality of the companys development to do their part.

我是从20xx年×年×月进入到这家公司的，到今天为止已经三个月了，通过这三个月来的了解和学习，我已经熟练掌握了我所要做的工作。现将这三个月的工作情况作如下鉴定:

一、非常注意的向周围的老同事学习，在工作中处处留意，多看，多思考，多学习，以较快的速度熟悉着公司的情况，较好的融入到了我们的这个团体中。

二、在工作中，善于思考，发现有的单据在处理上存在问题，便首先同同事进行沟通，与同事分享自己的解决思路，能解决的就解决掉，不能解决的就提交上级，同时提出自己的意见提供参考

三.热心回答同事询问的问题。我认为大家的能力都提高了，我们的公司才会整体提高

总之，经过三个月的试用期，我认为我能够积极、主动、熟练的完成自己的工作，在工作中能够发现问题，并积极全面的配合公司的要求来展开工作，与同事能够很好的配合和协调。在以后的工作中我会一如继往，对人：与人为善，对工作：力求完美，不断的提升自己的水平及综合素质，以期为公司的发展尽自己的一份力量。

用信息论的视角分析旅游资料的翻译

以下是一篇关于毕业论文开题报告，欢迎浏览！

选题依据及研究意义

选题依据：近年来，中国旅游业蓬勃发展，越来越多的外国游客到中国观光旅游，他们一方面是为了来领略美丽的自然风光，另一方面也想借此了解悠久而神秘的中国历史文化。

导游词的作用在于向国外受众介绍旅游景点的情况，它与其它文本的不同之处在于带有浓重的文化内涵和感情色彩，而且强调对受众的传播效果。因此，导游词翻译不应该只是进行语言间的转换，更应该是文化传播的媒介，应进行文化层面的论释。目前国内英语版的导游词翻译还存在不少问题，比如用词不当、语言累赘、文化误译、漏译、译文不规范等亟待修正。由此可见，国内关于导游词的汉译英还需要进一步的探讨。

旅游资料翻译也是一种传播，其特性自然而然地使其归入传播学的框架。传播学作为一门新兴发展起来的学科，对于旅游资料翻译的意义在于，它为译者提供了更广阔视角，帮助译者将翻译看作是一项跨文化传播活动，旅游资料的传播特性得到重视，其中有可能影响到译本的众多因素都应考虑进去，避免了仅仅只是进行语言层面上的研究。本文正是通过应用传播学领域的主要理论一信息论，对旅游资料的翻译问题进行探讨和研究的，通过分析旅游资料汉译英中所存在的问题, 借助信息论展开针对性的探讨，提出解决问题的翻译方法。

意义：把跨学科的理论成果应用于翻译研究，是当今翻译研究中的一个新的思路，它使翻译研究走出了囿于语言学领域的传统范式。目前对于旅游资料翻译的研究力度也不够，大都缺乏理论指导。本文正是通过应用通讯领域的主要理论一信息论，对旅游资料的翻译问题进行探讨和研究的，试图为信息型这类实用型文本的翻译提供一个新的研究视角及评估标准。

由于每个社会群体都有自己的共有知识，每一种语言都有其文化特点和表达习惯，因此译者在翻译过程中要采取各种措施，才能把原文的信息适当地传递给目的语读者。目前在旅游翻译中还存在用词不当、语言累赘、文化误译、漏译、译文不规范的问题，本文作者收集了一些旅游资料中的典型例子，运用信息论中的主要理论，对其中、英文本进行了具体的对比、分析，从信息传递的角度对旅游资料翻译时采取的一些处理手法作了详细的阐述。旨在提高我国旅游宣传资料的翻译质量，促进我国旅游业的发展

选题的研究现状

自1948年shannon提出了信息论以来，信息论被应用到各个研究领域。著名翻译家奈达看到信息论与翻译之间的契合，认为翻译就是信息传递的过程，由此将信息论引入到翻译领域。在信息论的基础上，代写论文奈达创立了翻译的等效理论，即译文在译语读者心中能产生与原文读者大致相同的反应。从信息论的角度来说，由于语言特质（linguistic idiosyncrasy）和文化差异等因素，原语信息会超出目标语读者的解码能力，给译语读者造成认知负担。为了达到译文的动态等值，则需要增加冗余度。按照奈达的逻辑，冗余度与等效原则成正比关系，冗余度越高，等效原则实现得越充分。

随后，国内译介对信息论作了详细地介绍，证明了其对翻译的有效性。廖七一（1996，1997）指出两种语言转换中往往会出现原语信息与原语信道失衡的情况，冗余度的增加则有利于读者接受；王斌、王晋瑞（）提出翻译的任务是调整变换原语的冗余成分，保证语言交际的顺利进行。

拟研究的主要内容和思路

1. introduction

2. literature review

2.1 previous translation studies from the perspective of communication science

2.1.1 a brief introduction to the science of communication

2.1.2 communication principles

2.2 previous translation studies on tourism texts

2.2.1 definition of tourism and tourism translation

2.2.2 current situation of tourism translation and its representative studies

2.3the communicative attributes and sense in translation

2.3.1 the communicative perspective of translation studies in the western countries

2.3.2 the communicative perspective of  translation studies in china

3.theoretical basis

3.1 a brief introduction to information theory

3.2 information transmitting model

3.3 the application of information theory in translation practice

4.the analysis of tourism translation from the perspective of information theory

4.1 noise---the barrier to tourism translation

4.2 solution to the problems of cultural information transference

4.2.1 analogy

4.2.2 deletion

4.2.3 restructuring

4.2.4 adjustment

5. conclusion

5.1 conclusions

5.2 the significance of the study

5.3 limitations of the study

bibliography

研究的创新点及重、难点

创新点：从传播学中信息论的角度探讨旅游资料的汉译英。

重点：在旅游翻译中，噪音是影响受众理解的最大障碍。

难点：译者如何在翻译过程中将噪音减小到最低。

研究进程安排

第一阶段  （月日——月日） 查阅资料，确定题目，完成大纲及开题报告

第二阶段  （月日——月日） 完成论文初稿

第三阶段  （月日——月日）初稿送交指导老师审查并对初稿进行反复修改

第四阶段  （月日——月日） 完成论文定稿并准备论文答辩

第五阶段  （月日——月日） 完成论文答辩

主要参考文献

bittner, john r. mass communication, an introduction. fourth edition.new jersey: englewood cliffs, prentive hall, 1986.

nida, eugene a language and culture and translating. shanghai: shanghai foreign language education  press. 1993

nida, eugene  a. language and culture: contexts in translating. shanghai: shanghai

foreign language education press,

shannon.c.&weaver.w. the mathematical theory of communication. urbana:university of

illinois press，1999.

陈刚，《旅游翻译与涉外导游》，北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，.

赖少华，旅游资料中的文化翻译，《广西教育学院学报》，.

肖迎霞，奈达翻译理论与旅游资料英译实践，《解放军外国语学院学报》，.

张海涛，英汉思维差异对翻译的影响，《中国翻译》1999年第1期.

I am a professional Graphic Design Art Institute of university students. I especially love the design, I hope every wonderful moment for real life from the daily design. Also hope to use this opportunity to be able to find a stage to show their strength.

I am cheerful enthusiasm, can deal with good interpersonal relationships, can better adapt to the new environment; I am good at observation, attention to detail; strict with oneself, broad-minded toward others is my motto; willing to endure hardship, hard work is my attitude; innovation, not afraid of failure, never give up is my evaluation of my friends; strong learning ability, love study, the greater the pressure the greater power.

In addition, I also on the computer and English learning interest, through the efforts of the systematic study of the VI corporate image planning, copywriting, graphic design, poster design, packaging design, book design, photography and other professional knowledge; familiar with graphic design software Photoshop, CorelDRAW, InDesign; CAD software; video post Premiere software; in the study, I focus on the combination of theory and practice, has had quite practical ability, can independent advertising planning, advertising design work ability: fluent with occupation. Word, Excel and other office software, dedication and sense of responsibility that I can face any difficulties and challenges; I also actively participate in school activities and social practice, do not let any one can exercise their own opportunities.

Before entering the social occasion, in order to better adapt to the society, I hope I can do a is a state of other people in need, as do what is, in practice, constantly learning, constantly exercise. In that your company is actively seeking to develop fresh talent. I sincerely hope to join your company, your companys growth with my talents.

我是XX大学艺术院平面设计专业的学生。我特别衷爱设计，希望从每天的设计中寻找现实生活的每个精彩瞬间。也希望能借助这个机会，找一个能展现自己实力的人生舞台。

本人性格开朗热情，能够很好的处理人际关系,可以更好更快地适应新的环境;我善于观察，注意细节;严于律己，宽以待人是我的人生座右铭;乐于吃苦，埋头苦干是我做事的态度;勇于创新，不怕失败，永不服输是朋友对我的评价;本人学习能力极强，喜欢专研，压力越大动力就越大。

此外,我还对计算机和英语学习有着浓厚的兴趣，经过努力，系统学习了vi企业形象策划、广告文案写作、图形创意、招贴设计、包装设计、书籍装帧设计、摄影等专业知识;熟习平面设计软件Photoshop 、CorelDRAW 、InDesign;制图软件CAD;影视后期软件Premiere; 在学习中，我注重理论与实践的结合，己具备了相当的实践操作能力，可独立进行广告策划、平面广告设计工作。 职业能力：熟练操作Word 、Excel等办公室软件，事业心和责任感使我能够面对任何困难和挑战;我还积极主动参加学校各种活动和社会实践，不放过任何一个能锻炼自己的机会。

在即将进入社会之际,为了更好地适应社会,我希望自己能够做到一种被别人需要的一种状态，至于做什么，就是在实践中，不断的学习、不断的锻炼.在获知贵公司正为积极谋求发展招贤纳才。我真诚的渴望能加入贵公司,为贵公司的发展壮大贡献我的才智。

Over the past year, according to the standards of Party members and leading cadres, I have been strict with myself, strengthened political belief, strengthened political theory study, changed work ideas, improved work style, adhered to honesty and self-discipline, conscientiously abided by the law and conscientiously performed their duties. Development concept. "

First, the German side

Conscientiously implement the democratic centralism, the overall situation. Respect leaders, unity and leadership of the majority of cadres and workers, thinking style is correct, work style at ease, dare to uphold the principle.

Second, in terms of energy

Familiar with and grasp the Changbu of the principles and policies can be a better combination of the actual situation to be implemented in the workshop; better coordination of all aspects of the relationship, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff work.

Third, in the ground aspects

I have a strong sense of responsibility, work seriously, a positive attitude, dare to be responsible, do not care about personal gains and losses; work diligent, hard work, hard working;

Fourth, in terms of performance

I work clear thinking, forward-looking strong, pioneering spirit, pay attention to working methods, high efficiency; can be completed on time or ahead of the tasks, the effect is good.

Fifth, in the area of integrity

Strict implementation and maintenance of the partys "four disciplines, eight requirements", consciously abide by the "honest political criteria", consciously do to abide by the partys discipline unswervingly. Enhance the sense of supervision, take the initiative to accept the party organizations, party members and the masses of supervision.

中外合作经营合同格式(附英文)

第一章 总 则

中国________公司和________国(或地区)________公司，根据中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，本着平等互利的原则，通过友好协商，同意在中华人民共和国________省________市，共同举办合作经营企业，特订立本合同。

第二章 合 作 各 方

第一条 本合同的各方为：

中国________公司(以下简称甲方)，在中国________省________市登记注册，其法定地址在________省_________市________区________路_________号。法定代表：姓名________职务_______

_国籍_______。

________国(或地区)________公司(以下简称乙方)在________国(或地区)登记注册，其法定地址在________。法定代表：姓名________职务________国籍________。

(注：若有两个以上合作者，依次称丙、丁……方)

第三章 成立合作经营公司

第二条 甲、乙方根据中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的有关规定，同意在________省________市建立合作经营的________有限责任公司(以下简称合作公司)。

第三条 合作公司的名称为________合作有限责任公司。

外文名称为________。

合作公司的法定地址为________省________市________区________路________号。

第四条 合作公司的一切活动必须遵守中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定。

第五条 合作公司是由甲方提供土地使用权、资源开发权、建筑物等合作条件;乙方提供资金、设备、技术等合作条件。各方不折算投资比例，按各自向公司提供的合作条件，确定利润分享办法，并各自承担风险。合作公司实行统一管理，独立经营，统一核算。合作期限届满，公司的

财产不作价归甲方所有。

(注：应根据双方的约定具体写明)

第四章 生产经营目的、范围和规模

第六条 甲、乙方合作经营的目的是：本着加强经济合作和技术交流的愿望，采用先进而适用的技术和科学的经营管理方法，提高产品质量，发展新产品，并在质量、价格等方面具有国际市场的竞争能力，提高经济效益，使合作各方获得满意的经济利益。(注：在具体合同中要根据具

体情况写)

第七条 合作公司生产经营范围是：生产和销售_______产品;对销售后的产品进行维修服务;研究和发展新产品。(注：要根据具体情况写)

第八条 生产经营规模如下：

(一)合作公司投产后的生产能力为：_____。

(二)随着生产经营的发展，生产规模可增加到年产________。产品品种将发展________。(注：要根据具体情况写)

第五章 投资总额和注册资本

第九条 合作公司投资总额为人民币________元。(或双方商定的一种货币)

第十条 合作公司的注册资本为人民币________元。(注：甲方所提供的土地使用权或资源开发权和建筑物不计入注册资本)

第十一条 甲、乙方分别提供如下合作条件：

甲方：提供总面积为________平方米的土地使用权，负责征用土地费和缴纳土地使用费;(注：土地开发费的负担方法，根据双方约定写)其中：

厂房(上盖)面积________平方米;

商场(上盖)面积________平方米;

维修部(上盖)面积________平方米。

乙方：投资总额为________元，其中：现金________元;机器设备和交通运输工具________元;工业产权________元;其他________元。

第十二条 甲方提供的土地使用权，应在合同批准之日起________天内办完征拨手续，交付合作公司使用;厂房和商场(上盖)应在合同批准之日起________天内交付合作公司装修;维修部(上盖)的交付时间，由合作公司董事会另行决定。

乙方提供的现金投资分两期汇入合作公司在银行开立的帐户内。第一期应汇入_______元，须在合同批准之日起________天内汇出，作为首期生产、生活设施的建筑费和流动资金等;第二期必须汇足投资总额减去第一期汇出后的差额，汇出的时间为_______，用

途由公司董事会确定。(注：应根据具体情况写)

第十三条 乙方作为投资的机器设备，必须符合合作公司的生产需要，并在厂房装修完工前________天内运至中国港口。

(注：乙方以工业产权作为投资时，甲、乙方必须另订立合同，作为本合同的组成部分。)

第六章 合作各方应负责完成的事项

第十四条 甲方应负责完成的事项：

(一)办理为设立合作公司向中国有关主管部门申请批准、登记注册、领取营业执照等事宜;

(二)依照本合同第十一条第一款规定，向土地主管部门办理申请取得土地使用权的手续;

(三)协助办理乙方作为出资而提供的机械设备、物资的进口报关手续和在中国境内的运输;

(四)协助合作公司在中国境内购置或租赁设备、材料、原料、办公用品、交通工具、通讯设备等;

(五)协助合作公司落实水、电、交通等基础设施;

(六)协助合作公司对厂房和其他工程设施的设计和施工;

(七)协助合作公司在当地招聘中国的经营管理人员、技术人员、工人和其他人员;

(八)协助合作公司为外籍工作人员办理所需的入境签证手续等;

(九)办理合作公司委托的其他事宜。

第十五条 乙方应负责完成的事项：

(一)依照本合同第十一条第二款、第十三条的规定，提供现金、机器设备、工业产权……并负责将其作为出资的机械设备等运至中国港口;

(二)办理合作公司委托在中国境外选购的机器设备、材料等有关事宜;

(三)提供需要的设备安装、调试以及试产的技术人员、生产和检验技术人员;

(四)培训公司的技术人员和工人;

(五)如乙方同时是技术转让方，则应负责合作公司在规定的期限内按设计能力稳定地生产合格产品;

(六)负责办理合作公司委托的其他事宜。

(注：要根据具体情况写)

第七章 合作经营期限

第十六条 合作公司的经营期限为________年，公司营业执照签发之日，为该合作公司的成立日期。

合作公司在经营过程中，如有一方提出，经双方协商同意，可以延长合作期限。但必须在合作期满六个月前，向中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部(或其委托的审批机构)提出申请批准。

第八章 利润分配和偿还乙方投资

第十七条 合作公司缴纳所得税后的利润，按下列顺序使用和分配：

(一)提取______%作为合作公司的储备基金、职工奖励及福利基金、发展基金;

(二)以______%偿还乙方的投资，预计______年还清乙方的全部投资;(注：根据双方的约定具体写)

(三)其余部分按甲方______%，乙方_______%分配。

第九章 产品的销售

第十八条 合作公司的产品，大部分在中国境外市场销售(或全部外销)，其中：

(一)向外销售________%;

(二)经向主管部门申请批准内销________%。

(注：销售办法可灵活多样，可由公司或乙方负责向外销售，也可由公司与外贸公司订立销售合同，委托代销;对内销部分也可由公司或甲方经销。)

第十章 董 事 会

第十九条 合作公司设董事会。公司注册登记之日，为董事会正式成立之日。

第二十条 董事会是合作公司的最高权力机构，决定合作公司章程的制订和修改;决定公司转让、合并、停业和解散;决定公司经营决策、财务预算和决算;决定公司利润分配和亏损弥补办法;聘请总经理、副总经理和高级管理人员;决定公司职工工资和制定职工奖惩办法等一切重大事宜。

第二十一条 董事会由董事________名组成，其中甲方委派________名，乙方委派________名。董事长由甲方委派，副董事长________名，由乙方委派。

董事长、副董事长和董事任期四年，经各方继续委派可以连任。

第二十二条 董事会会议每年至少召开一次，由董事长召集并主持。董事长因故不能召集董事会议时，可委托副董事长或其他董事召集并主持。经三分之一以上的董事提议，董事长可召开董事会临时会议。会议记录应归档保存。

第二十三条 召开董事会须有三分之二以上的董事出席方有效。董事不能出席时，可以出具委托书委托他人代为出席和举行表决。

第二十四条 董事长是合作公司的法定代表。董事长因故不能履行其职责时，可临时授权副董事长或其他董事代理。

第十一章 经营管理机构

第二十五条 合作公司设经理部，负责公司的日常经营管理。

经理部设总经理一人，副总经理__人。总经理由__方推荐;副总经理由__方推荐__人，另一方推荐__人，均由董事会聘请，任期__年。

第二十六条 总经理的职责是执行董事会会议的决议，组织领导合作公司的日常经营管理工作。副总经理协助总经理工作。

第二十七条 总经理必须每季度向董事会报告公司的经营情况，半年向董事会作一次财务结算报告。

第二十八条 总经理、副总经理及其他管理人员有营私舞弊或严重失职行为时，经董事会会议作出决议，给予应得的处分直至解聘，对公司造成的经济损失，应负赔偿责任。

第十二章 劳 动 管 理

第二十九条 合作公司员工的招聘、解雇或辞职一律实行合同制。员工的聘请由公司做出计划，报当地劳动部门核准后，由公司自行招聘，经考核择优录用。

第三十条 合作公司员工的劳动工资、劳动保险、生活福利和奖惩等事项，依照《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》的有关规定，经董事会制订施行方案，由公司、公司工会与员工集体或个人订立劳动合同，按合同的规定执行。

第十三章 财务会计和审计

第三十一条 合作公司设总会计师和总出纳员各一人，负责公司总的会计工作;厂部、商场和维修服务部分别建立帐目，每个部门分别设会计师和出纳员各一个，负责各个部门的财务会计工作。

前款所列会计和出纳员的人选，均由甲、乙方协商推荐，董事会聘请。

第三十二条 合作公司的财务会计制度，根据有关规定，结合本合作公司的实际情况制定。并报当地财政部门和税务部门备案。

第三十三条 合作公司设审计师一人，由甲方推荐，董事会聘请。

审计师负责审查、稽核公司的财务收支和会计帐目，并向董事会报告。

第十四章 纳税与保险

第三十四条 合作公司应按中华人民共和国有关税法缴纳各种税款。

第三十五条 合作公司的各项保险均应向中国的保险公司投保。投保办法、投保险别、保险价值、保期等均按中国人民保险公司的规定由合作公司董事会决定。

第十五章 合同的修改、补充、变更与解除

第三十六条 本合同及其附件的修改或补充，必须经甲、乙方协商一致、签署书面协议，并报经对外经济贸易部(或其委托的审批机构)批准方能生效。

第三十七条 在合同有效期内由于本合同第四十二条规定的不可抗力，造成公司严重损失，或因公司连续亏损，致使合同不能继续履行，经合作公司董事会特别决议，并报原审批机关批准，可以提前终止合同或解除合同。

第十六章 违 约 责 任

第三十八条 由于一方不履行合同、章程规定的义务，或严重违反合同、章程规定，造成合作公司无法经营或无法达到合同规定的经营目的，视作违约方片面终止合同，对方除有权向违约的一方索赔外，并有权按合同规定报原审批机关批准终止合同。如甲、乙方同意继续经营，违约方仍应赔偿履约一方的经济损失。

第三十九条 甲、乙任何一方如未按本合同第十一条、第十二条以及第十三条的规定提供合作条件时，以逾期的第一个月算起，每逾期一个月，违约方应缴付____元违约金给守约的一方。(注：或按出资额的百分比计算)如逾期__个月仍未提供，除累计缴付违约金外，守约一方有权按照本合同第三十八条规定终止合同，并要求违约方赔偿损失。

第四十条 由于一方的过失，造成本合同及其附件不能履行或不能完全履行时，由过失的一方承担违约责任;如属双方的过失，根据实际情况，由双方分别承担各自应负的违约责任。

第四十一条 为保证本合同及其附件的履行，甲、乙方在合同生效后__天内相互提供履约的银行担保书。

第十七章 不 可 抗 力

第四十二条 在合作期间，由于地震、台风、水灾、火灾、战争或其他不能预见并且对其发生和后果不能防止和避免的不可抗力事故，致使直接影响合同的履行或者不能按约定的条件履行时，遇有上述不可抗力事故的一方，应立即将事故情况电报通知对方，并应在十五天内提供事故的详细情况及合同不能履行，或者部分不能履行，或者需要延期履行的理由的有效证明文件。此项证明文件应由事故发生地区的公证机构出具。按照事故对履行合同影响的程度，由双方协商决定是否解除合同，或者部分免除履行合同的责任，或者延期履行合同。

第十八章 争议的解决

第四十三条 凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应首先通过友好协商解决，如果协商不能解决，应提请中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁。仲裁的裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。

第四十四条 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的保护和管辖。

第十九章 文 字

第四十五条 本合同用中文和__文写成，两种文字具有同等效力。上述两种文本如解释有矛盾，以中文本为准。

第二十章 合同生效及其他

第四十六条 按照本合同规定的各项原则所订立的合作公司章程、工程协议、技术转让协议、销售协议等，均为本合同的附属文件。

第四十七条 本合同及其附属文件，均须经中国对外经济贸易部(或其委托的审批机关)批准，并自批准之日起生效。

第四十八条 合作公司对甲、乙双方或甲、乙双方互送通知的方法，如果采用电报或电传时，凡涉及各方权利、义务的，应随之发出书面信件通知。合同中所列的甲、乙双方的法定地址，即为甲、乙方的收件地址。

第四十九条 本合同正本一式__份，甲、乙方各__份，合作公司一份，报中国对外经济贸易部__份，具有同等效力;影印本__份，分报有关机关。

第五十条 本合同于一九__年__月__日由甲、乙双方的授权代表在中国__省__市签字。

甲方：__公司 乙方：__公司

(加盖公章) (加盖公章)

法定代表__(签字) 法定代表__(签字)

8. the contract for sino-foreign cooperative joint venture

June 6, 20__

Dear Mrs. Corbin,

I was so sorry to learn of your illness. You must hurry and get well!Everybody in the neighborhood misses you, and we’re all hoping you’ll be back soon.

Mr. Burke joins me in sending best wishes for your speed recovery.

Sincerely yours,

Mary Burke