英文导游词结束语【合集19篇】

Old Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing City,Eastern Haidian District. The original Qing Dynasty a large Royal River, coversan area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of350 hectares. Old Summer Palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built inthe Qing emperor Qian Long years, the original pavilions, terraces and openhalls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. Its land areaand the construction of the Imperial Palace, water area and is a the SummerPalace.

The history of Old Summer Palace, is composed of Old Summer Palace,Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden ( Wanchun Garden ). Three Park tightlyadjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. A total area of 5200 acres (350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the Summer Palace nearlyqianmu. It is feudal emperors in Qing Dynasty more than 150 years, by creatingand operating a large Royal palace. Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing EmperorDaoguang, Xianfeng, five, had been living in the Old Summer Palace leisurelyenjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to theForbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) as the political center of the country,was clear Dili special called " Royal park ".

Old Summer Palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor KangxiYin Zhen (later emperor Yong Zheng the garden ). Kangxi in forty-six years thatthe year 1707, park has begun to take shape. In November the same year, EmperorKangxi had at the Old Summer Palace tours. The emperor Yong Zheng ascended thethrone in 1723, expanding the original Grant Park, and in the South Parkbuilding be open and aboveboard Temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six,the value of real military department, to avoid the " Royal master ". In the 60year of the reign of emperor Qian Long, one day, old summer palace construction,repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. In addition to hisold summer palace built on local, alterations, and the East New Changchun Park,in the southeast of adjacent incorporated Qi spring garden. In the thirty-fiveyears to 1770 three, the Yuan Ming garden pattern is formed basically. Dynasty,mainly on Qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building,which became the main garden occupies the place of one. Daoguang Dynasty, statedeclines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from Chaenomeles,Xiangshan, Yuquan " hills", furnishings, Jehol and Magnolia summer hunting,still did not give up the three Park renovation and decoration.

Old Summer Palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of theRoyal Museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. Hugo once said: "even ifthe ( French ) all Notre Dame all the treasures together, the same can not belarge and magnificent Huang Museum comparable to the east. " The luxuriousfurnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. According to theOld Summer Palace seen Westerners description, " Park splendid brilliant scene,not to can trace the color so called, nor the Europeans can see ". " All kindsof valuable treasures, are accumulated in the Royal Cottage Hotel, numeroushouseholds. " The finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancientporcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, Zhijin silver brocade fabric,carpet, leather, gilded gold French clock, exquisite Old Summer Palace layout,gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of theplaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of Europeanlustrous and dazzling. Ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.

Old Summer Palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, thebeautiful scenery of the landscape. Flat mountain and water purification,landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. In the discontinuoushills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridgeembankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle,interest varied scenery group. The water park is about three 4/10 of the totalarea of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, bycircle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system ofrivers and lakes. Park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250,and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formedthe mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. Theentire landscape as Jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: Althoughpeople do, since the days of the wan.

Old Summer Palace embodies the ancient Chinese gardening art essence, wasthe most splendid large-scale landscape. The emperor Qian Long said: " it is YaoBao Kobold region, Emperor Yu tour, no more than this ". And gardens in theworld history of architecture also occupies an important position. Itspopularity to Europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". The famous Frenchwriter Hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrillinglonging, as the Moon Castle like building, Summer Palace ( the Old Summer Palace) is a building. " People often say : the Greek Parthenon temple in Egypt,Pyramid, Rome Coliseum, Oriental palace. "It is a matter of the incomparablemasterpiece as the acme of perfection ".

Old Summer Palace the world garden, to ten years Xianfeng, in 1860 October,by British and French troops barbarian raid burned down, become Chinas modernhistory of humiliation history page.

Now the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park, the site for the theme, forming asolid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination oftourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, itis a unique tourist destination. The tragedy of Old Summer Palace was destroyed,was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the Old Summer Palace,has become and will continue to make efforts to become the Chinese nation, thetestimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. With the introduction ofspecial planning, 20___ basically completed the Old Summer Palace Ruins Parkgoal has been clearly shown in front of us.

We firmly believe that a green Old Summer Palace will become a bright pearlof green Olympic Games; a basic integrity of the Old Summer Palace will become abright spot of humanistic olympics.

10月13日，我和爸爸妈妈来到了珠海的圆明新园。圆明新园是仿照北京圆明园的原貌建设的。去年，我和妈妈去过北京的圆明园，所以一进圆明新园就知道是仿照的。刚进到圆明新园就看到了‘正大光明’殿，然后我们坐了观光车来到黄山的‘飞来石’，车停下来我们照了一张相片。‘飞来石’上面写着一个大大的红色的‘佛’字，‘佛’字的旁边还有一排排小经筒。随后我们到了‘琼华楼’，在这里有宫廷乐器和歌舞表演。舞台上有‘编钟’、琵琶、古筝和笛子，音乐非常优美，我听的如痴如醉，都忘鼓掌了。她们的歌舞很不错，配合的很好。车又把我们送到了‘西洋楼’。在这里我看到了著名的十二生肖，它们是‘兽头人身’。

按照鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇……顺序先右后左排列的，右边第一个是鼠，左边第一个是牛。它们会按照十二个时辰轮流喷水，起到报时的作用。然后，我们去‘万花阵’走迷宫。我和爸爸走同一条路进阵，妈妈走另一条进阵。我很快走出了迷宫，到迷宫中央的观花亭休息，听说，在夜晚，古代的皇帝和皇后都喜欢在‘观花亭’上观看举灯笼的宫女和太监走迷宫。穿过‘御花园’和水上乐园，我们来到了儿童乐园，坐了一会儿秋千。随后，我们又去坐了观景缆车，缆车把我们送到了山顶。我们在山顶上可以观赏到珠海的全景和澳门，还看见‘分界河’。最后我们又沿着福海走了一周，就回宾馆了。

今天好开心!

Topic: define the Mountain Summer Resort as “garden bright pearl, scienceopen-air museum”.

Part one: how this garden is special.

_Question: (Outside the resort, to sitimulate the tourist’s interests)

Our garden experts said that, the Summer Vacation Mountain Village is theminiature of our beautiful motherland. Why can the experts say like this?

_Introduction:

Chengde Summer Resort is in the northern part of Chengde city, Heibeiprovince. Chengde Imperial Palace also known as the Rehe Place, where Qingemperors spent their summer days and work in, so it was not an imperial summerpalace in its usual meaning, but became a important centre next to Beijing.

_Knowledge about the layout:

There are two parts of the resort――the palaces and a scenic area.

The palaces were for emperors to handled political affairs and lived in.The scenic area includes lakes, hills and grassland. There are eight artificiallakes. Emperor kangXi commented the resort as “having the mountains as the boneand water as the heart ”. Emperor QianLong’s remark, “Though it is named asmountain resort, its beauty is in water” highlighted the feature of the resort.Because KangXi and QianLong have toured in south China many times andappreciated a lot of beauties there, so that beauties were like been moved bythe emperors into the resort. So this garden has the north and south style in abody.

_Answer of the question:

The natural mountains and rivers built it was copied the landscape fromsouthern Jiangsu and outside Shanhaiguan, there has forests, lakes, grasslandand mountains; almost include all kinds of the landscapes of China.

Outside the palaces is the eight outer temples, this temples surroundingthe palaces like the star surrounding the Moon, symbolized the national variousnationalities closely around the Qing Dynasty’s rule center.

Part two: Great values of the resort.

In our country history:

The Mountain Summer Resort has witnessed the Qing Dynasty’s consolidationand development. Said from its rich history connotation, it is really a nationaland religious history museum.

_Question: Why Mountain Summer Resort is considered as “intangible GreatWall”?

When the Qing government made Beijing its capital, it paid attention to therelationship with the national minorities in Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, andkeep a marriage relation with them. It can be seen like this way: the templesaround the Mountain Summer Resort were the outcome of the policy of nationalsolidarity and consolidation of the multi-national country.

We know the Ming Dynasty has built Great Wall, but the policy of buildingthe Mountain Summer Resort is more effectual .

From the cultural value:

In the resort, Han Nationality culture and some national minority cultures,both display respective characteristics and absorb from each other. Now Chengdealready towards to the world, the culture is not belongs to china also theuniverse.

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

Good morning! Lidies and gentlemen. I am very glad to be your local guideof this travel for HS Mountain. on behalf of our travel agency ,we hope that allof you well feel as good as today’s sunshine ,and enjoy yourselves.

Now we have arrived in the Mount Huang. Firstly I had better introduce theHS to you .

HS Mountain, is located in the south of An hui Province, It is one part ofthe Chinese Nan ling sierra. Entire mountain area is approximately 1,200 squarekilometers. HS Mountain was called Yi Mountain before Tang Dynasty. Can youguess the meaning of Yi? It means “black ”.Because there are too many blackrocks on the mountain.So the ancient people gave it such name. Chinese emperorHuangdi came here for gathering herbs and refining elixir. And he took a bath inthe hot spring. Thus he became a immortal. Tang Dynasty Emperor LiLongjiextremely believed in the legend. So he renamed the mountain HS . The meaning isthat this mountain is Emperor Huangdi’s mountain. From then on, HS Mountain thisname has been used till today.

HS Mountain is certainly beautiful. It may be said that it is the wonderfulmountain. Having a look with our own eyes is truly a big happy event in ourlife. Who know the four uniques of HS mountain ? Let me introduce them toyou.

The first is strangely-shaped pines. Why are the pines strange? Because HSpines grow up from hard granite instead of rich soil. After thousands of years,their root deeply strike into rock seam. They are not afraid of drought andstorm.

The second is grotesque rock. There are so many grotesque rocks all over HSmountain. Some of them are like man’s appearance. Some are like objects’shapes.And also some are endowed with myths and history stories.In 121 famous grotesquerocks, some of the well-known are“ flying stone” “fairy playing chess” “magpieon plum” “monkey viewing sea”. They are all magical and lifelike.

The third is the seas of clouds. The Qing Dynasty emperor Kangxi had oncewritten a plaque for HS . There are four words“Huang Hai Tian Du”on it. Everytime after the rain and snow, HS will appear spectacular changeable seas ofclouds. HS set off by the seas of clouds and becomes colorful,just like humanfairyland. According to the position,the seas of clouds are divided into eastsea,south sea,west sea ,north sea and sky sea.And on the lotus peak,Tiandupeak,Bright top,you can overlook the vast seas ofclouds,and enjoy “To the end ofthe sea,sky is the shore;Up to the mountain,I am the peak”.

What’s the last one? Who can guess? Yeah, it’s hot spring. Water from thesprings is odorless. It contains minerals which are beneficial to treat manydiseases .Hot springs flow from the foot of Purple Cloud Peak.

The temperature of hot springs keeps in 42 degrees or so.

Now we are entering Yu ping scenic spot. Look, this is the Tiandu peak. Itis one of the 3 main peaks of HS mountain and also the steepest. It is 1810meters above sea level. In ancient times it was called “Quan Xian Suo Du”,meaning“ heaven city”. This peak is steep and straight and has the magnificentmomentum. Can you feel it? In the HS Mountain peaks, it is the most spectacular.The Lotus peak, Bright Top and Tiandu peak are known as 3 peaks of HS.

My friends, our journey will come to an end at once, I also have to saygoodbye to you. We have been friends already and had a wonderful time. Wish youall happiness more and more. If there is a chance, hope you come to China again.And we will welcome you forever!

Everybody is good! Welcome to the famous old town of lijiang world culture heritage. I am Chen Yihan, you can call me xiao Chen, today by me to accompany you come to lijiang.

Lijiang also known as dayan town, it is located in the middle of lijiang dam, xiangshan, Jin Hongshan, west to the north pillow of sierra leone, the fertile land in the southeast face dozens of example. Lijiang is the second batch of approved one of the famous historical and cultural city in China, is also China to the United Nations to declare world cultural heritage succeed one of the ancient city.

Now I came to the old town of lijiang. In the streets of the ancient city of lijiang built according to the mountain, and with the current set, breccia paved with red, not muddy the rainy season, dry fly ash, stone patterns vivid, natural elegant, very delicate, and the whole city environment bring out the best in each other, that is the square street. Sifang street is a representative of lijiang five-arched, located at the core of the ancient city of location. Sifang street is a small square, trapezoid five marble floor, the stores one on both sides of the street. From the square street corners of the extended four big main street: righteousness wruyi street, July 1 street, street light, xinhua street, and from the four main splits into so many streets, like a spider web crisscross, ease, to form a square street as the center, extension of careful step by step along the street and open landscape. YuHe in lijiang river over 354 Bridges, on average every 93 square kilometers. A stone bridge, masonry bridge, roads and other bridge. You can look at the scenery here, take a photo.

Please be touring here, thank you for coming, everyone in the process of play, pay attention to safety, pay attention to the environmental health, wish you have fun!

亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好。欢迎你们来故宫游玩。我叫李依璋，大家可以叫我李导或小李。今天由我带领大家一起探索世界遗产——故宫。

Dear friends, hello. You are welcome to visit the Forbidden City. My name is Li Yizhang, you can call me lee or xiao li. Led by me today everybody together to explore the world heritage - the Forbidden City.

我们先来了解一下故宫吧!故宫位于北京中心，旧称紫禁城。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。

We first to know about the Palace Museum! The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, used to be called the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City palace buildings are wood, yellow glazed tile roof, green white stone base, decorated with resplendent and magnificent painting.

现在我们在故宫内庭最前面的是乾清宫。乾清宫是内庭正殿，高20米。殿的正中央是宝座，内有“正大光明”匾。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫，清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官史和召见臣下。

Now we are in the front Chambers of the imperial palace is the palace of heavenly purity. Palace of heavenly purity is the main hall, the main of which was 20 metres high. The center of the temple is the throne, there are "legitimate" plaque. Palace of heavenly purity is the living quarters for the feudal emperor, the qing emperor kangxi to the emperor lived here before and dealing with affairs. After the qing yongzheng emperors moved to yangxin dian, but still played in the reviews, history and summoned liegeman appointed officer.

现在我们来到了坤宁宫，在故宫中间的是坤宁宫，雍正后，西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚洞房，康熙同治、光绪二帝，均在此举行婚礼。还有许多殿比如：东六宫、交泰殿、西六宫……

Now we came to the palace of earthly tranquility, in the Forbidden City is in the middle of the palace of earthly tranquility, yongzheng, west NuanGe for the sacrifice of the shaman. Its Middle East NuanGe for wedding bridal chamber, the emperor kangxi managment, two emperor, were held in the wedding. House there are many such as: east sixth, hand over tai temple, west sixth...

好啦，我的介绍就先到这里，请大家慢欣赏游玩。还有大家记住哦!在浏览时不乱扔垃圾，不触摸物品，不踩踏一草一木，这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。祝大家玩得开心，玩得尽兴。

Ok, I will first come here, please slowly appreciate. And you remember oh! When browsing dont litter, dont touch items, dont trample objects, so you can see the air has a history of the Forbidden City. I wish you all have fun and play.

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the queen Zhu Yuanjin Ma burial tomb, which is located in the southern foot of the purple mountain long Fu play in Mount Everest, Nanjing is the largest and one of the best preserved imperial tombs.So far more than 600 years of history.

The emperors in ancient China chose the site of the mausoleum very carefully, and paid special attention to choosing the land of "Ji Di", that is, the place of geomantic omen.Every time I go out the site, in addition to sending one or two court officials, but also absorb the knowledge of geography, will see the alchemist in Feng shui.After selecting the mausoleum, the emperor had to examine the scene himself and was satisfied with it and was finally finalized.Soon after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was concerned about the "paradise" after his death, and began to plan the construction of the mausoleum.It is said that he has called Liu Bowen, Xu Da, Tang He, and other ministers to discuss site selection.Five people agreed to write their respective best burial sites on paper and then open them at the same time.The results are written, Great minds think alike., Dulong Fu Mount Everest ".So the site of the tomb of Zhu Yuanjin was thus fixed.Dulong Fu is a hill located beneath the Zijin Mountain peak, 150 meters high, about 400 meters in diameter, is like a huge natural grave.Chinese feudal emperor often put themselves as sons of the heaven, to build the tomb in Dulong Fu, is in line with the requirements of the feudal superstition.

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Yu Wu nine years (1376) began to build, build competent mausoleum engineering enterprises is "Dudu Fu Li xin.At that time, a large number of migrant workers were employed, and dozens of temples were left behind by their predecessors.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has been widely spread in China. The emperor of Wu even regards Buddhism as a national religion, so the temples in Nanjing are numerous.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples, nearly 500 in the Southern Dynasties, and 100 thousand monks.His poetry in the Tang Dynasty: "in the four hundred and eighty temple, how many loutai yanyu."It was the portrayal of the flourishing Buddhist temples in Nanjing.In addition to moving to the temple, even moved a lot of previous tombs.But when moving to the Three Kingdoms, the tomb of Sun Quan (now on Mount Mei Shan in Nanjing), Zhu Yuanjin said, "Sun Quan is a true man, keeping him as a gatekeeper."."It was not removed.Hongwu fifteen years (1382), the first phase of the project completed, coincided with the empress Mas death, Zhu Yuanjin held a grand funeral for her, and the coffin burial tomb, called her "Xiaoci Queen", which is also the name of the tomb.In 1383, the main project of the tomb built hall.In 1392, the crown prince ZhuBiao died and was buried in the tomb of the East, called dongling.Hongwu thirty-one years (1398) built "Ming Tomb magic holiness monument", the construction of the mausoleum engineering ended, the project took 23 years.Before the death of Zhu Yuanjin, had left a testament; "funeral to frugality, no Jin, change because of the tomb and the world, three subjects are released, as marriage."This is obviously Zhu Yuanzhangs trick of buying peoples hearts.The whole Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum building, Xiaolingwei East, South to West Fang Weigang dismount, the walls of the city, north of Longgang only halfway up the mountain, a radius of more than 20 km, is a grand scale.In the long 23 years of construction, depletion of the flesh and blood of the people.At that time, there were ten thousand trees planted in the tomb area, thousands of deer kept and 5700 guards.Its wide range, large scale, before the Ming Dynasty is rare.But Zhu Yuanjin was buried, there are 40 concubines to bury, in which 2 people were buried in the tomb of the East and west sides, 38 people from the buried in the tomb.This China exposed the feudal ruling class was cruel, they not only to enjoy the splendor rich, after death still "death", the burial, at the people life.

游客朋友们，大家好。今天，我要带领大家参观我国著名的世界文化遗产——敦煌莫高窟。我姓任，大家可以叫我任导游。

敦煌莫高窟是我国西北地区的一颗明珠。它坐落在甘肃省三危山和鸣沙山的怀抱中，四周布满沙丘，数目众多的洞窟像蜂窝似的排列在断崖绝壁上，看上去非常雄伟壮观。

莫高窟还有个俗称，叫千佛洞。它始建于十六国的前秦时期，历经十六国、北朝、隋、唐、五代、西夏、元等历代的兴建，形成巨大的规模，有洞窟735个，壁画4.5万平方米、泥质彩塑2415尊，是世界上现存规模最大、内容最丰富的佛教艺术地。大家在游览过程中一定要尊重艺术，崇尚文明，保护好我国这处珍贵的文化遗产。

莫高窟里面保存着两千多尊彩塑。这些彩塑个性鲜明，神态各异，在世界文化历史中有极高的艺术价值，所以大家一定不要触碰。大家请看，这里有慈眉善目的菩萨，有威风凛凛的天王，还有强壮勇猛的力士，多么令人惊叹啊！最令人瞩目的是这尊卧佛，他长达16米，侧身卧着，眼睛微闭，神态安详。看到这一尊尊惟妙惟肖的彩塑，大家在啧啧赞叹的同时，会有什么样的感想呢？

请大家继续文明游览。莫高窟不仅有精妙绝伦的彩塑，还有四万五千多平方米宏伟瑰丽的壁画。壁画的内容丰富多彩，有记录佛教故事的，有描绘神佛形象的，有反映民间生活的，还有描摹自然风光的。其中最引人注目的，是那成百上千的飞天。看那壁画上的飞天，有的臂挎花篮，采摘鲜花；有的怀抱琵琶，轻拨银弦；有的倒悬身子，自天而降；有的彩带飘拂，漫天遨游；有的舒展双臂，翩翩起舞……看着这些精美的壁画，就像是走进了灿烂辉煌的艺术殿堂。

游客朋友们，你们知道吗？莫高窟里还有一个面积不大的洞窟——藏经洞。洞里曾藏有我国古代的各种经卷、文书、帛画、刺绣、铜像等六万多件。由于清王朝腐败无能，大量珍贵的文物被帝国主义分子掠走。仅存的部分经卷，现在陈列于北京故宫等处。

莫高窟是举世闻名的艺术宝库，这里的每一尊彩塑、一幅壁画，都是我国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶。好啦，我的介绍到此结束。我们下面开始自由活动，注意要准时回到这里集合。大家在游览中不仅注意人身安全，更注意文明守法，不能破坏宝贵的文物！

祝大家游览中收获满满，快乐多多。

In hunan province is located in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, because most of the south of dongting lake area, hunan and said, and because of the largest river in the province xiangjiang river runs through north and south, and referred to as "xiang.

Hunan province is located in east longitude 108 ° 47 114 ° 15, north latitude 24 ° to 30 ° 39 8 . Adjacent to seven provinces and cities, the east of jiangxi, chongqing, sichuan, guizhou in the west, south according to guangdong, guangxi, the north side of hubei. The provincial land with a total area of 21.18 square kilometers, accounting for 2.2% of the total area of the national land and the cultivated land area of 49 million mu, the north plain mountain of 256 million mu, water painting of 20 million mu, is the 11th in the whole country. The province governs 14 cities and states, 136 counties, 2350 townships, 64.65 million people, including agricultural population 53.5 million people, accounting for 83.8% of the total population in the province.

Hunan province is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau to hills and nanling mountains to the south jianghan plain transition zone. Southeast west surrounded on three sides by mountains and faces the east has the luoxiao mountains, south of nanling, wuling, xuefeng mountains on the west, North of dongting lake plain; The central hills, basin. The topography low meteorological north, three facing southwest to the east north central tilt, open toward the north of the asymmetric horseshoe. Province landscape is given priority to with mountain pool, hilly, mountainous area accounts for 51.25% of the whole province area, hilly basin accounts for 29.3%, plain 13.1%, water 6.4%, form the pattern of "seven hills monohydrate two field soil".

A humid subtropical monsoon climate of hunan. Mild climate, four seasons, abundant rainfall, rich heat and determination period is short, no mildew period long climate characteristics. The entire province between the annual average temperature 16 a 18 degrees Celsius, in poorer; Full-year 261 frost-free period 313 days, sunshine 1300 1800 hours, annual total radiation 38.5 a 488000 joules per square centimeter, active accumulated temperature above 10 degrees on 5000 a 5800 Celsius Yin, lasts 238 a 256 day, can meet the needs of crop growth resistance to heat. Hunan is one of the rainy areas in China, annual precipitation in 1200 - a - 1700 mm, the rain, the distribution of precipitation is obvious phases. By the basic same, light, heat, water is good for agriculture, forestry production is very empty.

Hunan water resources reserves. Within the territory of the province for many years an average of 253.9 billion cubic meters of water, surface water of 20.88 billion cubic meters, per capita is 2756 cubic meters, is the countrys per capita is 1.5 times. Hunan is a province, there are dense rivers drainage of hunan, and main force in yuan and li four water and dongting lake, the basin area of 25 square kilometers, the basin area of the province accounted for 92%. Province have played more than 5 km river in 5341, the total length of 86000 km, the basin area more than 5000 square kilometres of article 17 of the river, including hunan, endowment, yuan and li, Xiao, Lei, Mi, dancing (left le right), such as unitary water of the basin area over 10000 square kilometers. The provinces total runoff is 162.3 billion cubic meters, add water, a total of 208.28 billion cubic meters. Hunan the waters not only large water flow, and abundant water, good water quality, sediment concentration, less not freeze in winter. The provinces 5341 rivers of water reserves of 15.325 million kilowatts, annual output of 134.24 billion degrees. Total installed capacity of the whole province may develop can be accounted for 70% of total water reserves and about 36.4% of the electricity.

The biological resources of hunan province is very rich. Is one of biodiversity more provinces in our country. About 5000 species of higher plants, accounting for 1/6 of the total number of national, the woody plant species make up about a quarter of the country; Have a state protection of rare plants 66 species, level of protection in the three kinds of plants, namely, silver fir, metasequoia, at king (left to right). The provincial forestry land 182.449 million mu, 57.4% of the total area of the provinces land; Forest coverage rate of 51.4%, 37.2% higher than the national average, the volume of 251 million cubic meters of forest, in the forefront of the country. Chinese fir, pine, bamboo and other economic forest and timber forest, and woody oil is at the center of the region name is known all over the country. Among them, Chinese fir forest, nanzhu painting about a third of the country, differential area of the countrys 40%, tung is one of the four key provinces throughout the country. 23 province forest reserves has been established, zhangjiajie forest park is a national forest park. Pasture resources in hunan province is very rich also, can use existing 84.99 million mu of meadows, grazing capacity can reach 7.04 million cattle units. Abundant plant resources for the growth of animal breeding provides the advantageous conditions, hunan animal variety, therefore, has a wide distribution.

A total of 66 species of wild mammals, 500 kinds of birds, 71 species of reptiles, amphibians, 40 species, more than 1000 kinds of insects, and more than 200 kinds of aquatic animals. Including the south China tiger, the clouded leopard, golden cat, crane, baiji and other 18 kinds of national level to protect animals. Hunan is the national famous freshwater region, a total of more than 160 kinds of natural fish. Hunan products especially agricultural products is very rich, is the famous "land of fish and rice". At present, the provinces grain production accounts for about 6% of the countrys total output of grain, 1/10 of the total output of rice, rice and ramie, tea oil production in the country first; Pigs, tea, orange in the second place; Cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, the yield of oil and water, and the product was ranked among the top nationwide.

There are many different kinds of mineral resources in hunan province, is the national famous "hometown of non-ferrous metals" and "the hometown of non-metallic mineral. Hunan mineral variety not only, and grade, paragenetic and associated minerals. Have now discovered 134 kinds of minerals, has proven reserves of 91 kinds, is one of the country there are kinds of mineral provinces. Including antimony, tungsten storage place of the highest in the world, bismuth, rubidium, stone coal, realgar, fluorite, sepiolite, barite, monazite, such as the first in the nation, manganese, vanadium, rhenium, glaubers salt, kaolin and 2nd reserves of manganese ore industry; Zinc, lead, tantalum, graphite, diamond, cement ingredients such as reserves, the third in the nation.

Hunan tourism resources. There are ten big tourist area and more than 100 tourist attractions. "The east one line", mount hengshan ancient city of changsha, shaoshan holy land revolution and yueyang tower, emperor yandi mausoleum, etc. "The west", has been protected by the United Nations as a world natural heritage wulingyuan scenic spots and Freud, sandwiched yamadera, fierce hole river scenic area, is the national famous tourist resort.

各位游客，你们好!

我是你们这次参观的导游，我姓徐，大家也可以叫我徐导，大家本次的参观由我为大家讲解。

现在我们所在的敦煌莫高窟位于敦煌市西大约25公里处，为中国的四大石窟之一，国家的重点保护单位，也是全世界洞窟艺术的瑰宝!莫高窟开始建造于公元339年，后面的几个朝代也继续建造，最后完成的壁画面积近45000平方米，飞天约2400尊，佛像约4000座，分布于492个石窟中。

游客们，你们现在所看到的就是第292窟的飞天壁画!飞天是中国古代佛教中的八大护法之一，形象接近于着盛装的美女，这些在空中飞舞的飞天神态各异，轻盈灵动，手上拿着佛教中的传说的宝器：莲花、笛子、砗磲、鲜花…….。在你们的左手边是一尊高大的佛像，佛像身上雕刻的线条清晰，颜色绚丽，体现着中国古代精湛的雕刻和绘画技巧。

现在各位游客们注意了，你们来到了著名的第17号石窟，这里的飞天和佛像相比于其它洞窟不仅数量多，而且雕刻的特别精致。比如这座佛像，双腿盘坐于莲花座上，双手捏了一个手势放在膝盖上，手心朝天，双眼细咪，神态安详，仿佛若有所思;另外那个佛像则是一副满脸不高兴的样子，真是好笑;另外天空中的飞天衣带飘飘，洒落的花瓣就像是为人间送上的`祝福。

但是近几年莫高窟也遭到了很多人的破坏，文物、壁画被盗，还有些则是因为保护不够被自然损坏，为了保护这个全世界洞窟艺术的瑰宝，我们应该积极行动起来，从自身的行动入手，做到以下几点：

1. 不随便拍照，文明游览。

2. 不乱涂乱画，不乱扔垃圾。

3. 不要随意摸文物。

4. 不大声喧哗，保持安静。

5. 看见不良行为及时阻止，看见垃圾随手捡。

让我们大家都出一份力，来保护我们的莫高窟吧!

各位游客，今天带大家的旅游参观到此为止，欢迎大家以后再来，谢谢。

Visitors to kiss love, everybody is good, I am your tour guide, my name is meng, you can call me meng guide; Welcome to visit huangshan. Huangshan huangshan, anhui, China is the natural and cultural heritage, has been included in the "world heritage list". Or in the top ten scenic spots unique mountain huangshan scenic spot. Huangshan mountain "loose", "strange", "sea of clouds", "hot springs," four famous in the world. Speaking of "loose" to "guest-greeting pine". Guest-greeting pine stand in the jade screen on the east side, manjusri hole, broken stone, the life of more than eight hundred years. Loose name found in the huangshan mountain guide.

Tree height of 15 meters, diameter at breast height sixty-four cm, diameter seventy-five centimeters, under branch height is two point five meters. This attitude pale neck, cui Ye Rugai, polite, cute image. Speaking of rocks, have to say "flying stone". Green mountain peaks appearing in the west, there is a stone stands on the top of the mountain rocks. Stone is 12 meters high, seven point five meters long, two point five meters wide. Rock and rock interface is small, so the name "flying stone". Dear passengers, please free activities, please dont smoke, in case of fire, thank you for your cooperation.

各位游客们你们好：

此刻我们就来到了碑林。顾名思义，它的意思就是“碑石丛立如林”，这座博物馆始建于公元1087年，距今已有900余年的历史了。它是收藏我国古代碑石时光最早、数量最多的一座艺术宝库。所以，人们又将其称为“石质书库”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。

各位游客，那里主要陈列唐代著名书法家书写的碑石，历来都是人们学习书法的范本。其中有唐初著名书法家欧阳询书写的《皇甫诞碑》，以及他的儿子，也就是欧阳通书写的《道因法师碑》。有颜真卿书写的《多宝塔碑》、《颜氏家庙碑》，还有晚唐柳公权书写的《玄秘塔碑。和怀仁和尚的〈大唐三藏圣教序碑〉。〈大唐三藏圣教序碑〉又被称为“千金贴”。那里还有中外驰名的〈大秦景教流行中国碑〉。唐代书法是我国书法艺术史上的高峰时代。长期的政治稳定和社会发展为文化的繁荣创造了条件。自唐太宗以来历任皇帝的酷爱和提倡，造就了全社会对书法的普遍重视。一大批书法家涌现出来，如同百花齐放。

好了各位，这天我们的碑林博物馆之行到那里就全部结束了。请你们自我参观。感谢各位的参观，多谢！

Ladies and gentlemen:

The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing. It is also known as the Forbidden City in the old days. Actually it was the imperial palace for the emperors and served as both living quarters and the venue of the state administration in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its name, on the one hand, comes from ancient Chinese astronomers belief that Gods abode or the Purple Palace, the pivot of the celestial world, is located in the Pole Star, at the center of the heavens . Hence, as the Son of God, the emperor should live in the Purple City. On the other hand, except for palace maids, eunuchs and guards, ordinary the Forbidden City and the Purple City.

It took 14 years to complete the magnificent palace. Construction began in 1406 and finished in 1420. The following year, in 1421 the capital of the Ming Dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. Starting from the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di to the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty Pu Yi, altogether 24 emperors lived here for a total of 491 years. 14 of then were Ming emperors and 10 were Qing emperors.

The Forbidden City covers an area of 72 hectares with a total floor space of about 163,000 square meters. It is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west with a10-meter high city wall surrounded and encircled by a 52 meter-wide moat. At each corner of the surrounding wall, there is a magnificent watchtower which was heavily guarded in the old days.

The Forbidden City now consists of more than 90 palaces and courtyards, 980 buildings with rooms of 8,704. Most of the structures in the Forbidden City were made of wood with white marble, stone or brick foundations. The building materials were from parts of our country. The timber came from Sichuan, Guizhou, Guandxi, Hunan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China. But in the Qing Dynasty, the timbers were transported from northeast China. Other construction materials, including brick, stone and lime, were used by both Dynasties. The golden bricks that paved the halls were manufactured in Suzhou, refined bricks used to build the foundation of halls were made in Linqing, and lime came from Yizhou. White marble was provided regularly by Fangshan County and glazed tiles by Sanjiadian.

The Forbidden City can be divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The Outer Court consists of three main buildings where the emperors attended the grand of rear three main buildings and the six eastern palaces and six western palaces where the emperor used to handle daily affairs and the living quarters for the emperor, empress and imperial concubines to live in.

The Forbidden City is the best-preserved imperial palace in China and the largest ancient palatial structure in the world. In 1987 it was listed as the world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

The Meridian Gate is the main entrance to the Forbidden City. It is called Meridian Gate because the emperor believed that the meridian line went right through the Forbidden City and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. It is 35.6meters high with five towers on the top, so it is also nicknames as the “Five-Phoenix Tower.”

The Meridian Gate was the place to announce the new lunar year calendar on the first day of 10th lunar month every year. Lanterns would also be hung up on the Meridian Gate on the 15th day of the first lunar month during the Ming Dynasty, when all the officials would have a feast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens, when all the officials would have a fast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens would go to the Meridian Gate to look at the beautiful lanterns. When a general returned from battle, the ceremony of “Accepting Captives of War” was held here. The “Court Beating” also took place here.

The gate has five openings. The central passageway was for the emperor exclusively. But apart from the emperor, the empress could use the central passageway on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony. However, after the palace examination, the first top three outstanding scholars were allowed to go through the central gate. The high-ranking civil and military officials went in through the side gate on the east. The two smaller ones on both sides at the corner were for the lowranking officials. During the Palace Examination all the candidates went in from these two side-gates according to the odd number or even number.

Tourists "dear friends hello! Yesterday we visited the magnificent leshan giant Buddha together, today, were going to with it and called 5 a grade scenic spot and two of the world natural and cultural heritages, and mount emei. I called GuYiJia, you can call me little koo. Today we are going to the mountain is not general, it is praised as a world mountain emei."

"Now, we have already came to the gate of the temple in ten thousand, is a beautiful temples here. Here are two of the big banyan tree, into the temple, ten thousand, you can go to buy some incense worshipping Buddha, you can also watch flower-and-bird insect fish, twenty minutes later we set off."

"Please pay attention to a tourist, we soon to nine ridge hillock monkey area, pays special attention to the hands of bamboo sticks, let the child go, honor for defense! Look, the Monkey King, as long as it does not infringe our, our safety! Be careful, it came over, Mr Stone it with your hand, and in addition, others set starting point, so that it will run! Shout, it finally went away, from the fork in the road, with tight!"

"Now we have to meet a fairy temple, what do you do a little rest, we will go down, the next is mount emei of rare plants corridor. There, rare plants ginkgo can be seen everywhere, and endangered plants such as metasequoia not a few."

"We have entered the surd pavilion. The monkey is very gentle and lovely, however, we are here to see water. Look, the steep rock streams into the shade curtain waterfall, clear water just mask instep, will surely make you refreshed, relaxed and happy!"

"Dear friends, emei mountain is a good place, fresh air, trees towering, surd cabinet is also a good place, the water clear Shi Jing, grass green flowers. I wish you a happy journey the next more, bye!"

Suzhou is Chinas important historical and cultural city, the famous scenic tourist city, is also the first Chinese excellent tourism city. Suzhou is located in the middle of the Yangtze river delta, east Chinas largest industrial, financial and trade center of Shanghai, the south zhejiang, west taihu lake, in the north the Yangtze river. Districts with a total area of 8488 square kilometers and a population of 5.839 million people, including 2.124 million people in the city. Now administer, zhangjiagang, changshu, kunshan, taicang, wujiang city, wuzhong district, suzhou city, at pingkiang area, canglang district, gold Chang area, and suzhou industrial park, suzhou high-tech zone. Suzhou in a temperate climate, fertile land, rich products, since the ancient times known as "paradise on earth".

Suzhou is an old city, was founded in 514 BC, more than 2500 years of history, is located on the location of the spring and autumn period, basic maintained a "surface parallel, river street" that face the double chessboard pattern and "small bridge, flowing water, somebody else" of of primitive simplicity style. Within the territory of 487 cultural relics, including national level 15, 101 at the provincial level. In China only the most intact water gates - pan gate is located in the south of the ancient city of suzhou panmen gate scenic spot.

Suzhou is east shuicheng. Water area accounts for 42% of the total area, lakes and rivers dotted, one of Chinas four largest fresh water lake taihu lake, four 5 of the waters within their borders, dongshan, xishan, light blessing, the existing shek wu, yushan, shanghu lake scenic area distribution, meanwhile, the world-famous the beijing-hangzhou grand canal runs through the north and south.

The city of suzhou is a garden. Classical gardens in the city is the treasure of world culture and art, embodied the essence of Oriental gardening art. Now well-preserved classical garden has more than 60 place, Chinas four big gardens, the humble administrators garden, lingering garden two. Humble administrators garden, lingering garden, mountain villa with embracing beauty, master of the nets garden, lion grove, nursery, decoupling garden, surging wave pavilion, scientific park nine classical garden has been UNESCO world heritage list.

It is the birthplace of celebrities.of in suzhou. Literary world in the history of sage, painting, calligraphy, seal cutting, poetry genre. Pingtan, kunqu opera, Su Ju is regarded as a "three flowers" suzhou culture, kunqu opera is a "human oral and non-material heritage representative work"; Suzhou embroidery, k o-ssu, jade carving, clay sculpture, wood carving and {sung} brocade exquisite handicrafts enjoys a good reputation both at home and abroad; Classical architecture, like the ancient temples, pagodas, ancient bridge has a very high historical position.

Suzhou is a model of jiangnan water town, which is representative of kunshan zhouzhuang, jinxi, the mudu wuzhong, Lu straight, wujiang tongli. These ancient town in full, a large number of houses of the Ming and qing dynasties, maintained the original ancient style, water features, folk customs and pastoral scenery, has a high cultural value, social and cultural research value and value in architectural art.

Dedicated to the protection of the ancient city of suzhou, development and utilization, is returning to seven shan in the original historical style and features, mining and finishing around the distribution in ancient village. Built opera, crafts, folk custom, the botanical garden, suzhou embroidery, inscriptions, silk and other 12 museum. At the same time, the comprehensive control on the river, open water travel with distinctive features, and formed a batch of tourism, culture, trade in one of the characteristics of block.

Travel to suzhou, not only can appreciate the extensive and profound of celebrities.of, experience the wonderful hard-currency step one scene, still can enjoy.

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center ofBeijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of HeavenlySuccession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, andserved as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative andresidential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections ofthe Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at thetop of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book ofChanges, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supremestatus of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was theplace where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was theissuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall ofSupreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister wouldthen carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hallvia Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragonpavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), toTian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil andmilitary officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower wouldprostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decreeto the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box andlower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally becarried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry ofRites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the wholecountry.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued byGolden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the mostimportant passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would gothrough on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’sPark), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park wasformerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offeringsacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the greatpioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s CulturalPalace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of thedeceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer GoldenRiver),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these sevenbridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of theemperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridgesflanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family andwere therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each sideof the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and werenamed Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for theuse by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( commonBridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the eastand the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meantas sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They areelaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao maybe traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention toone of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a woodenpillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it wasoriginally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and nowit serves as an ornament.

尊敬的各位考官!您好!我是考生 __X，我已经准备好了，可以开始了么!

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎大家来到景德镇古窑民俗博览区参观游览。我是此次景德镇古窑民俗博览区的导游员小赵，我很荣幸陪同大家一起参观游览，下面将由我来为大家讲解景德镇古窑民俗 博览区。

瓷都风采

景德镇，位于江西省东北部的低山、丘陵地带。这里山环水绕，制瓷资料充足，能工巧匠云集， 外销水运通畅。“水土宜陶”，是天然的产瓷区。

东晋开始设镇，名“新平”。唐代几易镇名。至景德元年(公元 1004 年)，因当地的贡瓷倍受皇室青睐而改昌南镇为“景德镇”。至今，“景德镇”之名已沿用千年。

瓷业的兴旺，带来了商业的繁荣，并形成了具有瓷文化底蕴的城镇特色。景德镇以珠山御窑厂为中心，周围坯房密布，窑场四起，红店、柴行及瓷庄比比皆是，甚至连一些百姓家居都是由窑砖头、匣钵屑等瓷业废弃物搭建。“江南雄镇”的昔日风采，至今依稀可见。

景德镇四大传统名瓷

景德镇瓷器“白如玉、明如镜、薄如纸、声如磬”，自古以来，名扬天下。在琳琅满目的瓷器中，最为著名的青花瓷，青花玲珑瓷、颜色釉瓷、粉彩瓷被人们誉为“中华民族文化之精萃”、“瓷国之瑰 宝”。

一、青花瓷

青花瓷是我国陶瓷史上最优秀的瓷器品种之一，自创烧以来，一直都是景德镇瓷业的主流产品， 以致于历经近 800年而不衰。青花瓷的烧造成功，是我国陶瓷史上最具有划时代意义的事件，中国瓷 器从此进入了彩瓷时代，它使中国绘画技巧与制瓷工艺的结合更趋成熟。

青花瓷是一种以氧化钴为显色的配制颜料——“青花瓷”，在瓷坯上进行绘画装饰，再罩以透明釉，经高温一次烧成的釉下彩绘瓷器。其特点为黑色青翠，清新明丽，幽静雅致，具有中国水墨画的艺术效果。青花瓷整个器物，鲜丽的蓝色图案，与瓷胎青白相映，相得益彰，艳而不俗，鲜而不佻， 明朗而又安定，华丽而又沉着，艺术价值极高。

由于不同的运笔，不同的技法，不同的构思，不同的用料，使得每个时期的青花装饰产生不同的艺术效果，呈现出鲜明的时代特征，其主要分为元代青花瓷、明代青花瓷、清代青花瓷。

二丶青花玲珑

瓷 晶莹、幽雅的青花玲珑瓷，是景德镇传统名瓷，创烧于明代永乐年间。它既汲取了青花技术之特长，又采纳了镂雕艺术之妙法，具有轻巧致密，素雅清新的特点。外国人称其为“嵌玻璃的瓷器”，一 直以来誉满中外。

青花玲珑是一种釉下青花加玲珑雕镂的综合装饰。它是在瓷坯上，先制作玲珑透剔的米粒状洞，称为“米通”，俗称“玲珑眼”，再以“玲珑釉”充满玲珑眼，结合呈色青翠的青花纹饰，施釉入窑高温一次烧成。

青花玲珑的装饰风格与众不同，它的玲珑釉色透明带绿，小孔处透明性强，仿佛开了一个个的小窗户，阳光和灯光透过，成瓷组成的玲珑眼的特殊纹样，艺术效果别具一格。加之与青花装饰相结合，在白中泛青的釉色衬托下，显得分外精巧细腻，朴素大方，清新明朗。

如今，玲珑眼也由单一“米通”，发展为圆、尖、扁、线、弯曲等形式。并能组成各种花鸟、水浪、云彩人物等形状，丰富了青花玲珑的装饰效果，使之更加丰富多采。

三丶颜色釉瓷颜色釉是一种以金属氧化物(铁、铜、锰、钴)为着色剂，在适当的气氛中经一定的温度烧成后，能够呈现了某种固有色彩的釉料。其釉面斑驳璀璨、呈色五彩缤纷，有的像洁白的云朵在蓝天飘游，有的像晶莹的露珠在草坪闪烁，有的像晶亮的星星在银河眨眼，有的像彤红的太阳在天边升腾，有的像碧澄的江水在静静奔流，有的像艳丽的宝石在熠熠闪光，有的像熊熊的烈火在炉膛 燃烧，有的像美丽的孔雀在翩翩开屏……

景德镇是烧造颜色釉瓷器历史最长、品种最多、质量最好、成就最高的地区之一。景德镇的颜色釉瓷以丰富多彩的釉色，精致完美的器物、风格迥异的造型，清亮耀目的光泽，而成为世界工艺美术史上一颗闪烁着夺目光华的明珠，至今仍令人眼花缭乱，心驰神往、流连忘返、叹为观止。

四丶粉彩瓷 粉彩属于釉上彩绘装饰。釉上彩绘是在已经烧成的瓷胎上进行绘画装饰，然后经过 800℃左右的低温烧烤，以使画面熔融后固化在瓷器表面的装饰技法。

早在宋元时期，景德镇瓷工就开始了用含金属氧化物的彩料在瓷器表面进行装饰的尝识，到明代宣德年间，御窑厂成功烧造出釉下青花与釉上彩绘相结合的青花斗彩瓷器。明中期以后，以成化斗彩、万历青花五彩(以青花作为五彩中一种色彩的彩瓷谓青花五彩。)为代表的釉上彩绘瓷器发展迅速，至清初康熙年间釉上蓝彩出现以后，釉上彩瓷器开始脱离青花的约束而成为一个独立的瓷器装饰门类。康熙五彩(红、绿、黄、蓝、黑)色泽厚实，浓艳，亦称之为“硬彩”，景德镇称其为“古彩”。

雍正时期，景德镇瓷工又在康熙五彩的基础上，参照珐琅彩(清宫廷御用器彩料)的制作工艺，把含有氧化砷的玻璃料掺入含铅的彩料中，使彩料产生乳白色的效果，这种含砷的玻璃料被景德镇瓷工称为“玻璃白”。如果以康熙五彩为基础，在其彩料中加入玻璃白，使所有颜色都会“粉化”成不同深浅浓淡的色调，彩料的颜色都会变成带粉白的色调，如红色变成粉红色，绿色变成粉绿色等等。这些温润的中间色不仅能给人以粉润柔和的感受，而且扩大了釉上彩的色调范围，使色彩可以渲染，层次、深浅、阴阳分明，画法可以更加细致入微。由于它的特点就是带粉白色调，所以人们便称之为粉 彩，景德镇瓷工亦称之为“软彩”。

粉彩饰的特点是颜色明亮，粉润柔和，色彩丰富，绚丽雅致，绘画工笔，写意俱全，在人物、山水、花鸟等题材的装饰上具有很强的表现力，富有国画风格。粉彩瓷在雍正年间最负盛名，釉上彩瓷器到了这个时期，已经发展到了一个百花争艳的阶段，它标志着我国传统的釉上彩瓷器的发展达到了 极高的水平。

关于景德镇古窑民俗博览区的介绍就为大家讲到这里，现在大家可以自由参观一下，按照计划的 时间回到这里，祝大家玩得愉快。

Hello! Hello, I am a lollipop travel guide, my name is Lou, where the name,we call it my house! We are going to travel on the Great Wall today. I hope youwill have a good time with me.Beijing the Badaling Great Wall, the MutianyuGreat Wall, the Great Wall, the Great Wall Juyongguan, Simatai the Great Wall,today, we are going to climb the Great Wall juyongguan.

Juyongguan the Great Wall perimeter 4000 meters, this is just part of thethe Great Wall! The Great Wall east of Shanhaiguan, west of Jiayuguan, more than13000. According to legend, the emperor built the the Great Wall, the prisoners,soldiers and forced to turn to move on after this, "Ju Yong believers", namedjuyongguan. Because it is next to the lush mountains of trees, Yamahanabrilliant, magnificent scenery, so we called it the "green pass".

We first went to "the best in all the land, this is a piece of" stone,engraved with the words, "the best in all the land" China two ", one of the bestin all the land" is the focus of Jiayuguan the Great Wall, the other isJuyongguan, Juyongguan not originally ", because it is the best in all the land"section of the Great Wall is a gateway very important, so was also known as "thebest in all the land", interested visitors can take a picture, but please hurry,Ill be climbing in the Great Wall.

Keep up with you, climb the Great Wall and dont drop the queue. The GreatWall is very steepy and safe. You see, the uneven wall called battlements, aboveetc.look-mouth and nozzle, for watching and shooting. Do you see those cities?Is his fortress, when the war, soldiers can do harm to the temporary treatmenton the inside.

Next, we came to the city of Chinese Taiwan, you can go to visit the city of Chinese Taiwanzhunbing ancient note, dont Scribble, but the ancient historical relics!

Come on, top! Its cool and comfortable. Why is the Great Wall broken?Because of the obstruction of the mountains and rivers, everyone breaks, andthey meet in half an hour.

This is the end of this journey. I hope that after listening to myexplanation, we have a better understanding of the the Great Wall. Goodbye!

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle， construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter， it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987， the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum， or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City)， got its name from astronomy folklore， The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods， his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore， the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher， LaoZi， to the Hanghu Pass。 Here， purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness， good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau， the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty， when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9，900 rooms under a total roof area 150，000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south， the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west， the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230，000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut， processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。