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故宫导游词范文(汇编20篇)

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沈阳故宫优质导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1018 字

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各位伴侣,欢迎大家去到沈阳,我是您们的导游,沈梦,大家可以或许叫我沈导游,也可以叫我梦导,我更喜欢您们加我梦导,好了,先简答给大家介绍一下,在繁华的沈阳今乡中央,有一座巍峨庄宽的清代宫殿修建群。等于我们古天的目的地——沈阳故宫

依修建光阴以及布局,沈阳故宫的修建可分为三全数,它们星散是东路、中路、西路。古天,河北导游词,我们就按这个顺序。首先观光东路修建。

沈阳故宫以其独特的修建艺术以及特殊的汗青而闻名中外,在这片绚丽多彩,雄伟多姿的修建群中,最今老,最具特色的等于我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿初创于1625年,是处理国家政务以及入行庆典行为的次要场所之一。做为最早使用以及最为首要的宫殿之一。许多重大汗青事宜都以大政殿为舞台演出。

大清门是沈阳故宫的正门,为皇帝临朝前,文武百官候朝之处。它便是演义小说中雅称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边,既保管了以黄为尊的传统观念,又表现了满族对故城山林的深薄眷念。从而形成了区分南京故宫的一个特点——宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。

穿过大清门,南望便是崇政殿。崇政殿雅称“金銮殿”,是清太宗皇太极入行普通朝会之处。

各位伴侣,今代宫殿修建布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿,请大家随我往观光帝后的寝宫。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所,是当年沈阳乡的最高修建,诗称“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”可谓非常贴切。登上凤凰楼仰瞰四周,万般景物一览无余,可饱览盛京齐景,也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。

各位伴侣,穿过凤凰楼底层的通叙后,我们就入进了后妃居住的台上五官。 台上五官是清宁宫、闭雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。

现在请大家随我观光皇太极以及皇后的寝宫——清宁宫。

清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”,是帝后的寝室。暖阁内乱争分北南两室,两室均设火炕。1643年八月初九,皇太极在暖阁内乱争驾崩,终年52岁,后葬于沈阳昭陵,即南陵。

各位伴侣,现在请随我往观光西路修建。西路修于1782年至1783年,次要搜罗:戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。

说起文溯阁,我们没有能没有提到坤隆皇帝以及《四库齐书》。出于增强文化统乱的需要,坤隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求世界匿书,历经十余年光阴编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部,以是称为《四库齐书》。书建成后,抄录七部,在齐国修七座匿书阁星散保匿,沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是此中之一。

看到这里,我们古天的观光已经亲近尾声。望故宫之行能给你留下优美的回忆。

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更多相似范文

篇1:关于故宫的优秀导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 292 字

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嗨!大家好,我姓李,你们就叫我李导吧!如果你喜欢故宫,你就跟我来吧!

故宫一共有四个门,正门名叫:午门、东门名叫东华门、西门名叫西华门、北门名叫神武门。故宫南北长961米,东西宽753米,面积为72500平方米,建筑面积15。5万平方米,9999。5间房子,故宫的宫殿建筑有4各部分:木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座、以及金碧辉煌的彩画。天伦比的古代建筑杰作,世界臣大宫之首(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫……)

故宫宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列,三大殿、后三宫、都位于这条中轴线上臂机关传自故宫内,而且南大永定门,北到鼓楼、钟楼,贯穿整个城市,他气魄雄伟,规划完整,而且极为美观。

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篇2:故宫简短导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 441 字

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各位游客们: 大家好!我叫张豪乾,大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我张导就行了,很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。 北京故宫位于北京市中心,是明清两代的皇宫,故宫有称为“紫禁城”。

故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大,西东宽750米,南北长960米,占地72万平方米,建筑积15万多平方米,有房屋1000多间,是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门,你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥为什么是五座,而不是七座、八座,甚至十座呢?原来,古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点,所以才是五座石桥的。

桥上有上百根石柱,柱子上刻着无数的小狮子,那么多的小狮子,有的颔首低眉,好像是忧闷而不开心的样子,有的张牙武爪,好像是展示自己的威武。

故宫的御花园,原名宫后椀,占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心,园林建筑采用石砖来修建,左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭,每年重阳节,皇上就在此登高。 好了游客们我们在这里歇一会,休息一下,你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点,注意卫生和安全。

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篇3:导游词北京故宫

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3584 字

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女士们、先生们:

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了14年的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高

9.9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五凤楼。明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节日,都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于“推出午门斩首”的说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有的在午门廷杖,当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

现在我们已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大的面积上,集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群,不但没有纷杂现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉,最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红,这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正,前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子,威严,凶悍,成了门前桥头的守卫者,象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子,门前的狮子自然最精美,最高大了。东边立的为雄狮,前爪下有一只幼狮,象征皇权永存,千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河,叫金水河,起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓,中轴线就是箭,这表明皇帝受命于天,代天帝治理国家。

(在太和门前)

故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”,以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿,左右对称,形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上,殿基高8米,分为三层,每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕,三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿,是故宫最高大的一座建筑物,也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”,建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫,交泰殿、坤宁宫,是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所,东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外,河上有白玉石桥,沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆,形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶,在阳光下金碧辉煌,庄严美观。

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外,还用了各种手法,使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理,殿顶的形式,吻兽和垂脊兽的数目,彩绘图案的规制等等。这样,不仅使主要建筑更显得高大,壮观,而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半,

说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间,地上的皇帝自称“天子”,不敢与其同数,所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间,所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间,面积虽小,仅能容纳一个楼梯,但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方,为了照顾布局上的美观,所以把西头一间建造的格外小。

(经过太和门之后)

女士们、先生们,前面的大殿叫太和殿,俗称金銮殿,是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米,重檐庑殿顶,是殿宇中最高等级,为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上,由汉白玉雕成,离地8余米,下层台阶21级,中,上层各9级。

太和殿始建于公元1406年,经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏,现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物,原来是钉子,用来固定瓦片用的,后来换成了神话传说中的动物,据说可以辟邪,而且数量越多,表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个,9是阳之极数,依次为7、5、3、1,平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。

明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基,宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等,皇帝都要在这里举行仪式,接受文武百官朝贺。

这个广场是太和殿广场,面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木,空旷宁静,给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路,左右地面铺的砖横七竖八,共15层,以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸,是做什么用的呢?在故宫里一共有308个大缸,是用来储水防炎的,缸下可烧炭加温,防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去:蓝天之下,黄瓦生辉。层层石台,如同白云,加上香烟缭绕,整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时,殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛,香亭、香炉烧檀香,露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝,殿前两侧香烟缭绕,全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时,鼓乐齐鸣,文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场,仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁,以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。

清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时,年仅3岁,由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差,突然鼓乐齐鸣,吓得小皇帝哭闹不止,嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗,只好哄着小皇帝说:“别哭,别哭,快完了,快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥,说来也巧,3年后清朝果真就灭亡了,从而结束了我国20xx多年的封建统治。

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篇4:2024关于沈阳故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 550 字

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亲爱的朋友们,非常高兴我能陪同大家一起浏览沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,宫内建筑物保存完好,是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一。它的规模比占地72平方米的北京故宫要小得多,但是,它在建筑上有自己的特色,现在是沈阳最重要的游览点。沈阳故宫建于1625年,是后金第一代汗努尔哈赤开始修筑。努尔哈赤死后,第二代汗皇太极继续修建成功。沈阳故宫的建筑布局可以分为三路。东路为清太祖努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗皇太极时期续建的大内宫阙,包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫等。西路则是乾隆时期增建的文溯阁、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等。乾隆时皇宫已在北京,但他有时也“东巡”回沈阳看看。

现在我们来到的是大政殿,这里是用来举行大典,如颁布诏书、宣布军队出征、迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等的地方。十王亭则是左右翼王和八旗大臣办事的地方。这种君臣合署办事于宫廷的现象,在历史上是少见的。从建筑上看,大政殿也是一个亭子,不过它的体量较大,装饰比较华丽,因此称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的十座亭子,其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿制。这十一座亭子,就是十一座帐篷的化身。帐篷是可以流动、迁移的,而亭子就固定起来了。这也显示了少数民族文化的一个发展。

希望朋友们能在这里拥有一次愉快之旅!

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篇5:优质的沈阳故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2294 字

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游客朋友们:

大家好!首先请允许我代表沈阳市全体市民对各位的到来表示热烈欢迎!今天我为大家介绍的就是沈阳的风景名胜之一的“沈阳故宫”。

沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年(1625年)是清太祖迁都之际草创,清崇德元年(1636年)由皇太极建成。1644年,大清迁都北京,“沈阳故宫”从此成为“东侧这处建筑叫祖庙,祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方,因是天子的祖庙也称“太庙”。

顺着大清门北面的御路拾阶而上,台正中便是气势宏伟被称作“金銮殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聪六年(1632年),崇德元年定名为崇政殿。崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,南北辟有隔扇门,前后是石雕栏杆。殿顶盖为黄琉璃,十分壮观。殿内掾间绘满飞云流水,梁架上全部是“和玺” 彩绘,给人以高洁典雅之感。殿内明堂有堂陛,前是金龙蟠柱,柱后有贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金龙宝座,宝座两侧有鼎式香炉、轩辕镜和太平有象等装饰之物。殿前有大月台,月台东南角有日晷,西南有嘉量亭,都由大理石雕造而成。在月台上还设有四口大缸,都盛满清水以防水灾。古代称它是“门海”,来象征缸中水多似海可扑灭火灾,所以又被称作是“吉祥缸”。因为北方天气寒冷,所以每到冬东侧这处建筑叫祖庙,祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方,因是天子的祖庙也称“太庙”。

顺着大清门北面的御路拾阶而上,台正中便是气势宏伟被称作“金銮殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聪六年(1632年),崇德元年定名为崇政殿。崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,南北辟有隔扇门,前后是石雕栏杆。殿顶盖为黄琉璃,十分壮观。殿内掾间绘满飞云流水,梁架上全部是“和玺” 彩绘,给人以高洁典雅之感。殿内明堂有堂陛,前是金龙蟠柱,柱后有贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金龙宝座,宝座两侧有鼎式香炉、轩辕镜和太平有象等装饰之物。殿前有大月台,月台东南角有日晷,西南有嘉量亭,都由大理石雕造而成。在月台上还设有四口大缸,都盛满清水以防水灾。古代称它是“门海”,来象征缸中水多似海可扑灭火灾,所以又被称作是“吉祥缸”。因为北方天气寒冷,所以每到冬天,就要在缸底点燃炭火。崇政殿是清太宗日常朝会议政的地方,1636年皇太极的称帝大典及清天聪十年四月“后金”改国号为“大清”的典礼就在这里举行。1644年清迁都北京后,历代皇帝东巡时,都在这里临朝听政。

崇政殿前,东西各有五间厢楼,东为飞龙阁,西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落,院正北有一座高约4米的高台,台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼----凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼,直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户,也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成,康熙二十年重修。楼为三层,是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间,周围有回廊,下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门,又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出,极为美妙。所以“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”。

清宁宫高台之后是“后苑”,也叫“御花园”,内有碾磨房、二十八间仓、后宰门等建筑,是皇帝膳食的供给区。并有地下窨道与清宁宫相通。

在崇政殿、清宁宫高台两侧有“东所”、“西所”。东所由南往北依次是颐和殿、介祉宫、敬典阁等。东所是东巡时皇帝后妃给太后请安之处,也皇太后的寝宫和存放实录、玉牒之处;西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保极殿、继恩斋和崇谟阁等。西所是东巡时皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣训》、《满文老档》的地方。崇谟阁的建筑形式是别具一格的,它为卷棚式建筑,是在清乾隆年间增建的。

东路是以大政殿为主体,两侧辅以方亭十座,称“十王亭”。大政殿建于努尔哈赤时期,是故宫最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高约1.5米的须弥座式台基,周围绕以雕刻精细的荷叶净瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有“斧头眼”式隔扇门,内外排柱40根,正门前有双龙蟠柱。殿顶是十六道五彩琉璃脊,正中是宝瓶火焰珠。殿内有精致的斗拱、藻井天花,梁架上用“和玺”彩绘,上有黄琉璃瓦绿剪边的顶盖。整个建筑显示出极强的美感和庄严秀丽的装饰艺术情趣。大政殿是皇帝举行大型庆典的地方,1643年清世祖福临在此即位。

大政殿前,正中是宽阔的甬道,两侧以八字形排列着十座方亭,这就是“十王亭”。从北至南,东边是左翼王亭、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭、正白旗亭;西边是右翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、镶红旗亭、正蓝旗亭、镶白旗亭。这是当年八旗首领固山额真和左右统辖八旗的亲王贝勒办公的地方。八旗制度在清王朝的军事政治及社会制度,民事管理等等很多方面都占有极为重要的地位,发挥着巨大的作用。大政殿与十王亭构成了一组亭子式院落建筑,它是清入关前八旗制度在宫殿建筑上的反映。设计者从局部建筑直至整体布局,处处突出“八”字。这种把军政制度巧妙地融合在建筑艺术中的做法,真可算是构思独特、别具匠心。

西路:以文溯阁为主体,前有戏台、扮戏房、嘉荫堂,后有仰熙斋、九间殿。文溯阁于乾隆年间兴建而成,是仿明代渐江宁波大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”所建。为面阔六间二楼三层硬山式建筑,顶盖为黑琉璃瓦绿剪边。根据五行八卦之说,黑是代表水,文溯阁是专为存贮清代大百科全书《四库全书》和《古今图书集成》而建的。书最忌火,以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。文溯阁东有方形碑亭一座,内立石碑一块。碑阳面为乾隆帝撰写的《文溯阁记》,阴面为《宋孝宗论》。文溯阁东南宫门外有嘉荫堂,它与南面的戏台连成一个院落,是专为皇帝准备的娱乐场所。西路建筑除文溯阁外,其它建筑用卷棚式屋顶,显得十分别致,富有江南风韵。

沈阳故宫是清代遗存下来的最早一组宫殿建筑群,它是国家级重点文物保护单位,希望大家有机会来观光这座气派非凡的帝王宫殿。谢谢大家。

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篇6:故宫导游词怎么写

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 603 字

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大家好!很欢迎大家前来游玩!我是佟铭熙,大家可以叫我佟导。故宫清洁卫生有大家保持,请大家“高抬贵手”,不要乱扔果皮纸屑等垃圾。一会儿下车的时候,大家一定要记住车牌号。

各位朋友、女士、先生和父老乡亲们,过一会我们将要参观故宫博物馆,我先为各位做的简介。故宫是世界上现存范围最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。故宫也叫紫禁城,“紫”是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色,那么,人间的帝王当然要与“紫”字沾边。“禁”是指当时那里守卫森严,不要说是普通老百姓,即使是一品大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城,否则就会引来杀身之祸。

故宫平面呈长方形,南北长960米,东西宽750米,总面积有72万平方万米。整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕,城墙高10米,可谓是“城高池宽”。

故宫开四门,座北朝南,南门为午门,即正门,北门为神武门,东为东华门,西为西华门。

故宫的整个院落分为二大部分,即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方,以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃居住的地方,主要以乾清宫、交秦殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外、故宫内还有很多其他各式各样用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九半间,够多吧?打个比方说吧,如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不一样的房间、而且不重复,等他全部住遍后,就是个27岁的小伙啦!

好了,我先为各位介绍到这里,待会我再为各位做详细补充。

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篇7:辽宁沈阳故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2777 字

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各位游客大家好,

咱们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家 4a级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢,咱们一起来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。

沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年。先后经过三次大规模建设,形成了东、中、西三路格局。东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期,主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期,主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢,建于清乾隆年间,主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋,它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢,沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应,却又有着截然不同的建筑风格。现在呢咱们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。

首先咱们看到的是中路建筑的大清门,它俗称午门,也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方,也是清太宗皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清,皇宫的正门就是国门,所以称为大清门。还有一个传说,这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称,只是叫做大门。后来,皇太极改国号为大清,听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门,于是为了体现针锋相对,就将此门命名为大清门。

咱们穿过大清门,现在正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”,俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。

咱们可以看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦,镶绿剪边,那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦,有去过北京故宫的朋友一定会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的,而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。

咱们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷,和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。咱们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸,那么大家知道它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧,他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”,是皇宫中重要的防火设施,象征缸中水多似海,可以镇火灾。

咱们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文,咱们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍,两边都是刺,加上圈和点,就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左,汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左,满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。

咱们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额,是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下面呢是皇帝的宝座,据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙,再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子,正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。现在崇政殿呢,咱们就游览到这里。

眼前的雄伟建筑呢,就是凤凰楼。它建在3.8米高的青砖台基上,为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼,是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。咱们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢,是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅是当时后宫的正门,又是当时盛京城的最高建筑,所以有“凤楼晓日”之称,并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就可以看到抚顺城呢。

穿过凤凰楼呢咱们来到了一处院落,此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。咱们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫,是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。咱们可以看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋,所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫,又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室,各有火炕又称龙床。1643年,皇太极就在这里‘端坐无疾而终’,终年52岁,后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢,设有两口大锅,它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下,这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵,如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动,则表示神灵不满意,则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头,满族人认为此时的猪已经通神,成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净,切成大块,放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟,那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用,然后再分给参加祭祀的人们,称为“吃福肉”,满族人相信吃了福肉,福气就会降临到每个人的身上。

那么咱们现在来到西一侧的房间,西侧呢三间通连,北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕,称为“万字炕”,这里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处,也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。

清宁宫与汉族建筑不同的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后,而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会咱们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房,万字炕,烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。

咱们出了清宁宫呢,大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是:关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。咱们下面逐一参观。

关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女,永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁,但皇太极却对海兰珠有着非常深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝,终日郁郁寡欢,在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年,皇太极也去世了,据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。

这是衍庆宫,是皇太极淑妃的寝宫,其女,被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻

这是麟趾宫,是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫,其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。

咱们最后来看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响,庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃,被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女,关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能,辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年,庄妃病逝,享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。

大家看,在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆,木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问,为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时,曾绝望的躺在地上,这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地,认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的,就这样满族的祖先得救了。后来满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德,开始供奉乌鸦,祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。

现在呢,咱们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱,也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?……对一共有十一层,我告诉大家在十一层上面还有三块砖。那么这怎么讲哪?问大家一个小问题:清朝有多少位皇帝,又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。

好了,朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到这里,希望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。现在大家可以自由活动30分钟,30分钟之后,咱们在正门集合。

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篇8:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 514 字

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各位女士们、先生们,小朋友们:大家好!欢迎大家光临故宫。很高兴今天能为大家服务。我是导游李栋,大家叫我小李就行了。故宫是中国最大的皇家园林博物馆,我很高兴能有机会陪各位欣赏它美丽的建筑艺术,共度这段美好的时光。

故宫博物院,又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心,今天人们称它为故宫。它玲珑剔透,造型别致,是中国古建筑中的杰作。

游客们,现在我们来到了太和殿。太和殿为故宫三大殿之首,建在5米高的汉白玉台基上,台基四周矗立着雕龙石柱。走近太和殿,您就会发现皇后居住的地方,里面都是龙椅、龙椅还有沥粉金漆的龙柱。

游客们,我们继续往前走,现在来到的是中和殿,中和殿在太和殿之后,是故宫三大殿之一。该殿是一座单攒尖顶的方形殿。黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶,是皇上生活的地方。

再往里走就是保和殿,保和殿位于中和殿之后,是故宫三大殿之尾。保和殿东西两侧的房子现该为历代艺术陈列馆,陈列有从原始社会到清代月六千年的中华艺术瑰宝。

再向纵深行进就是御花园,占地面积一万一千平方米,以钦安殿为中心,是皇上的后花园。

各位游客,我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能和大家度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么建议或要求,请提出宝贵意见,我一定尽力改正。祝大家玩的愉快。谢谢!

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篇9:北京故宫导游词讲解

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 534 字

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大家好,我叫吴文倩,大家叫我吴导吧!此刻我们要游览举世无双的北京故宫

你们看,我们来到了雄伟的故宫,故宫又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫;故宫是世界上规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群,为我们国家最大的古建筑群。它使建于明永乐(公元1406年),14年才完工呢,有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了,我们此刻准备去大殿里,请游客朋友们跟上队伍,千万别掉队,否则走丢了,就找不到我们了!”好,此刻跟随我进入大殿,故宫有三座大殿:太和殿,中和殿和保和殿。大殿建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上,远望犹如神话的琼宫仙阙。太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑,俗称“金銮殿”,是皇上举行大典的地方,这座殿高28米,东西63米,西北35米,有直径达1米的大柱92根,其中6根围绕御座的沥粉金漆的潘龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上,前有造型,美观的仙鹤,炉,鼎,后面精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽。

中和殿是皇上去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方,保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外潘王公的场所。游客朋友们先休息一下,观赏下这三个大殿,能够摸一摸,等下我们去内延,以乾清宫,交泰殿,坤宁宫为中心,东西两翼有东六宫和西六宫,是皇上平日办事和妃子居住的地方。“好,今日的活动到此结束!祝大家玩得开心”

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篇10:故宫英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3261 字

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(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore, the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass。 Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。

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篇11:沈阳故宫导游词英文版

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2239 字

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各位朋友,在繁华的沈阳古城中心,有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。那里就是我们这天的目的地——沈阳故宫

依建筑时光和布局,沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分,它们分别是东路、中路、西路。这天,我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。

沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外,在这片绚丽多彩,雄伟多姿的建筑群中,最古老,最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1625年,是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑,外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上,还饰有八个蒙古力士,牵引着八条铁链,象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上,盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙,是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响,以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性,体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱,尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌,则是满族古老文化的延续。

作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年,六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位,并于次年在此颁布了出兵令,命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原,最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

大政殿两侧南向,十王亭呈燕翅排列。错落有致,如众星拱月,南宽北狭,似无穷无尽,象征兵多将广,万世绵延。十王亭是清朝入关前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宫内办公的地方。它们与大政殿构成了一组亭子式的院落建筑,反映了满族独特的军政体制——八旗制度,这在中国的历史上堪称独步天下。远在努尔哈赤立国之初,凡遇军国大事都由汗王与八旗贝勒大臣共同讨论决定。努尔哈赤定都沈阳后,在修建宫殿时便将这种“君臣合署办公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表现了八旗制度和“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的政体及军事民主的思想。因而构成了大政殿、十五亭这组独特的建筑,为中国宫殿建筑史写下了空前的一页。

各位朋友,此刻我们来到了中路。从1626年皇太极继承汗位,即续建皇宫,构成沈阳故宫的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清门,后至清宁宫,院落三进,独成一体。

大清门是沈阳故宫的正门,为皇帝临朝前,文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边,既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念,又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而构成了区别北京故宫的一个特点——宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。

穿过大清门,北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”,是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。

1635年,皇太极下令将族名‘女真”改为“满洲”。1636年皇太极在崇政殿登基称帝,上尊号“宽温仁圣”,将国号“金”改为“清”年号“天聪”改为“崇德”。

各位朋友,古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿,请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。

穿过崇政殿两侧的左右翊门,举目可见位于3。8米高台之上的凤凰楼。楼后为帝后寝居的后宫——台上五宫。与崇政殿比较又构成了沈阳故宫不一样于北京故宫的特点——“宫高殿低”。而北京故宫则恰恰相反,是“殿高官低”。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所,是当年沈阳城的最高建筑,诗称“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周,万般景物尽收眼底,可饱览盛京全景,也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。凤凰楼门洞上方悬有“紫气东来”匾,为乾隆皇帝御笔。而乾隆皇帝则是借用这个典故寓意大清的国运兴起于东方。

各位朋友,穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后,我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。

台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。

此刻请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫——清宁宫。

清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”,是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室,二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九,皇太极在暖阁内驾崩,终年52岁,后葬于沈阳昭陵,即北陵。

清宁东次间开门,是典型的满族民居——口袋房,西四门南西北三面都设火炕,称“万字炕”。与汉族有所不一样的是,满族人将烟囱建在屋后,而且从地面向上垒起。这种“口袋房,万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上”的建筑特点具有浓郁的满族风格了。

各位朋友,此刻请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年,主要包括:戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。

说起文溯阁,我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要,乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书,历经十余年时光编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部,所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后,抄录七部,在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏,沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。

提起宫殿建筑,我们很容易想起“红墙绿瓦”、“金壁辉煌’这类词汇。而文溯阁却与众不一样,屋顶用黑琉璃瓦镶绿剪边,整个建筑以黑绿两色为主色调,这与它的用途是分不开的。文溯阁藏书忌火,依据五行字说立色配饰,装修取《易经》“北方壬癸水”其色属黑,因此屋顶用黑色琉璃瓦,寓意水从天降,消灭火灾。

文溯阁外观为两层,内部实为三层,书架上的木盒称函匣,用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到那里,我们这天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的,布局却是一气呵成,完整和谐。个性是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”,从总体来看,沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起——兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位朋友,我们的参观就要结束了,期望故宫之行能给您留下完美的回忆。

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篇12:故宫博物院导游词模板

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 480 字

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(在旅游车上)

各位游客,大家好,现在我们的汽车正行驶在去北京故宫的途中。我是这次旅游的导游张灵昕。我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫旅游。希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

首先我将故宫给大家做一简要介绍。故宫位于北京市城区中心,旧称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代宫殿和古建筑群。至今已有近580年的历史。先后曾有24位皇帝相继在故宫登基,执掌朝政。故宫规模宏大,东西宽为753米,南北长达961米,总占地面积达72万平方米。有大约10000间宫室。

(到了故宫景点)

各位游客,现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿—故宫了。大家看这四面就是宫墙,而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门,南为午门也就是故宫正门,北为神武门,东为东华门,西为西华门,这宫墙四“门”的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间,进深5间,外有廊柱,殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米,殿内净空高达14米,宽63米,面积2377平方米,为全国最大的木构大殿。

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篇13:导游词的北京故宫

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 8383 字

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各位游客大家好:

欢迎大家来故宫旅游,下头由我为大家介绍故宫的一些基本情景。

故宫过去叫紫禁城,它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(1406年)永乐十八年建成,占地面积72万多平方米,距今已有600年的历史。在那里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢那里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学十分发达的国家,早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中,人们发现,有一颗星的位置是不变的,始终居于天空的正中,它是紫微星,也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿,称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自我为天子,就是天帝的儿子,他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”,这是其一,其二呢,皇帝居住的宫院,对寻常老百姓来说,是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来,所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣,也就是永乐皇帝在1406年开始营建的,用了14年的时间才全部建成,1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统,共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过,统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半,实际上是8700多间,是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿沿中轴线排列,并向两边展开,左右对称,格局严正,气魄雄伟,极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时,不仅仅能够亲身接触到它的一砖一瓦,还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要明白,这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的,您定会爱不够,也看不够。再者说,在那些文物的背后,在眼前这些殿宇之中以往发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事,足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话,您今日走进了这明清两代的皇宫,就是走进了中华礼貌的宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”,因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧藏文物的基础上,建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可能会问了,那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢不要着急,这还要从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。1911年,辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治,1912年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说,这座宫殿应当收归国有。可是,按照当时的规定,溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分,长达十几年。

在1924年冬季的一天,冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟,将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫,同时成立“清室善后委员会”,接管故宫,并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备,1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天,为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝,许多人拥向故宫,北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞,这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天,到底接待了多少游客,我们不明白。可这几年,每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的,算起来,每一天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了,在这么长的时间,尤其是新中国成立后,故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面,取得了巨大的提高。您明白吗目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件,占全国文物馆藏总量的十分之一,其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢这150多万件文物种类齐全,包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器,以及很多帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来,故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外,又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆,并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。

城池

午门是皇宫的正门,因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝,它的地位十分重要,许多重大仪式都是在那里举行的。比如:每年农历十月,皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一年的历书。另外,打完仗,将士得胜回朝后,要在午门前举行隆重的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月十五的元宵节,这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天,并且允许平民百姓来赏灯游玩,显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而,说到这午门,大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实,这句话纯属误传,北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎样传出来的呢过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政,经常出现意见不和的情景。在明朝时,皇帝就能够把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子,它是一种碗口粗的毛竹,里面还要灌上水银,据说是为了加大杀伤力,几杖下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间,就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外,还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口大钟,每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。那里说的更,是过去人们对夜间的计时方法,一更约为两个小时,一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天1点,正是三更的时候,所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每一天夜幕降临后,在击鼓报初更之前,先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静,紫禁城里的人们,都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门是整个明代皇宫的东门,与西华门一东一西,遥相对应。东华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为,而是处于靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门,门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。这个门的职能与东华门相同,是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地,或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故,大多数朝臣一般进出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼在紫禁城高高的城墙上,有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。它们像四颗明珠,镶嵌在高大的城墙上,它们不仅仅是我国,也是世界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂,它一共有三层檐。关于这角楼的建造,还有一个故事呢,我来说说吧。相传,明朝的永乐皇帝在修建皇宫时,特意指定要在紫禁城的死角,各建造一座“九梁十八柱七十二脊”的角楼,并且限期100天,盖不好要杀头。谁也没有见过这么复杂的建筑阿,这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要到了,工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是,来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。他那蝈蝈笼子十分精致漂亮,大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸,“一根梁,两根梁…..”一数,一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎,这部正式咱们要盖的角楼吗!大家十分兴奋,突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿,可一看,老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说,这是鲁班爷显灵,来救我们了。于是,工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米,深6米的护城河,河岸陡直,由条石砌成,俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间,戒备森严。护城河水的源头是京西的玉泉山,玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥,流到市中心的后海,然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流,经景山西门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕,农历七月,荷花盛开,十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外,剩余的拿到市场上卖,所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河,一条是内金水河,一条是外金水河。外金水河在天安门前,其水系来自护城河西边的河段,护城河河水到达宫墙西南角后,进入地道,在从织女桥流出,绕过社稷坛,从外金水桥流过,经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸,流出皇城。内金水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水,河水沿内廷西区供电墙外向南流,在慈宁花园墙外向东南转,蜿蜒经武英殿,在太和门前广场构成一个优美的拱形渠,然后转向北流经文渊阁,在銮驾库的西边流出皇宫。整条内金水河在皇宫里绵延20__多米,河上共有大大小小21座桥,还有10多处涵洞。内金水河除有排泄雨水、方便宫中取水、消防等实际功能之外,增加

精致也是其中不可忽视的因素。

太和门和三大殿

太和门朋友们,到了皇宫,您必须想明白皇帝上早朝的地方吧,太和门,就是明朝“御门听证”的地方。所谓御门听证,就是大家所说的上早朝,由皇帝和大臣们讨论、处理国家大事。在人们的印象中,皇帝上朝都是在威严的大殿里,其实不然。每一天清晨,皇帝从后宫出来,坐在这太和门种.种摆放的龙椅上。王公大臣们按照文东武西的顺序,站在门下的广场上,向皇帝奏事。皇帝身边站着当班的内阁学士,负责记录皇帝的意见,退朝后再稍加整理,颁行天下,这就是我们常说的“圣旨”或“上谕”,国家的日常事务就在这太和门商量决定了。说到那里,也许您会想到:在露天的门外办公,万一刮风下雨怎样办呢其实别说刮风下雨,就是平常那里也不打舒服。但按当时的规定:皇帝和大臣们每一天都要上早朝。可是,制度是死的,人是活的。封建社会每个朝代的头一两个皇帝一般都还比较勤奋,后代的皇帝就贪图享乐,把祖父辈打江山时的艰辛和治天下短裤新都抛到脑后了。明朝也不例外,中后期的万历皇帝竟长达24年不临朝。历史学家曾说过“明之亡,则亡于神宗”就是说明朝的灭亡正是从这位明神宗开始的。到清朝的时候,将御门听证改在故宫的乾清门。

金水桥在太和殿前面有五座精致的汉白玉石桥,这就是著名的金水桥。您明白它为什么叫“金水桥”吗我先说桥下这条河的水,它来自京城西面的玉泉山,从紫禁城的西北进入,东南流出。而古人推崇阴阳五行学说,就是金木水火土这五种物质,认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金,所以取名“金水河”,那上头的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了,我们都明白,天安门外也有金水桥,那是外金水桥,而我们眼前的是内金水桥,这金水河不光起到了装饰庭院的作用,也是紫禁城里重要的消防水源和排水渠道,故宫中的水源是很少的,一旦宫殿着火,金水河里的水就十分珍贵了。

太和殿在宽阔的太和门广场上,广场中间有一条青白石铺成的御道,这条御道当年仅有皇帝才能走。从太和门广场北望,在那高大、漂亮的汉白玉台基上,有座雄伟的建筑叫太和殿,也就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。这汉白玉台基高达8米,比此刻的两层楼还要高。修建这么高的台基,为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。咱们国家古建筑的主体是木结构,而木材本身又不可能很高大,于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起,以增强气势。在紫禁城所有宫殿中,以这座金銮殿最受尊崇,当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在那里举行。比如说,皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后,还有在发生战争时派将出征,都要在太和殿举行十分隆重地典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典,皇帝要那里理解百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆,也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节,皇帝也要在那里举行盛大的宴会。其实这个元旦不是咱们此刻的新年,而是农历的大年初一_—春节。冬至是一年当日光照时间最短的一天,古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子,值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天,次日在太和殿理解王公大臣的朝贺,而万寿节则是当朝皇帝自我的生日。您可能在电视剧中看到过举行大典的场景把,这广场的两要布置雄壮的仪仗队,文武百官就跪在这御道的

两旁。而皇帝是坐在太和殿内的宝座上,理解官员们的叩拜大礼的。既然太和殿的地位这么重要,在建筑规格上自然就是最高、最大的了。它的建筑面积是2377平方米。不仅仅在紫禁城内,就是从全国范围看,也是现存最大的木结构宫殿。从它的屋脊到地面,高达35米,比此刻的10层楼房还要高。讲到那里,不知您是否注意到这么一个问题。您看,这么大的一个广场,怎样连一颗树也没有原先,这是为了突出三大殿的壮观和皇帝的尊严。您想一想,如果那里松柏参天,三大殿掩映在树荫之中,那还能有此刻这种气势马再者说,那里是举行重大典礼的地方,要求格外庄严肃穆。如果有了树木,仪仗和百官的站位都会受到影响,将有损于典礼的严肃性。如此说来,是这些宫殿建筑的功能,决定了那里不能种树。在太和殿的汉白玉台基上,有许多青铜鼎,其实那时香炉,因为它们是模仿周朝的鼎造的,所以叫鼎式炉。三层石台上共有18个香炉,象征着清朝的18个行省。每当大典时,就在香炉腹部装上香料,然后将香料点燃,18个香炉就一齐散出缕缕青烟,使太和殿显得更加神秘庄严。太和殿外面两边平台的两个角落,各有一件汉白玉雕凿的器具。在一块圆石板上,中间插一根铁针,周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时,铁针的投影指向哪个时刻,就表示是什

么时辰了。它叫日晷,是古代的一种计时工具。与日晷对称的位置,是一座石头亭子,它叫嘉量。在嘉量的里面石斛(hu)、斗、升、合(ge)、龠(yue)五种计量器具,一向到近代,人们还常用斗和升来称量东西。为什么要把这两件器具摆放在这儿呢那里面有很深的文化内涵。在中国古代,时间和度量衡是非超重要的,它代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间,仅有天子才能代表上天,行使规定时间和计量的权力,它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的统龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的,但还有必须的寓意。我们都明白,龟、鹤是长寿的动物,在太和殿的两边摆放上龟、鹤,象征着国运永昌。我们都明白故宫有8700多间房子,而这太和殿,就有55间,这是怎样回事呢因为在古代,我们把四根柱子之间算一间屋子,而太和殿是横11间、纵5间,就是55间了。所以说,整个故宫也只是由几百座宫殿。摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅,就是民间俗称的金銮宝座。它是用紫檀木制成,从明朝到清朝一向是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度,给人一种十分稳定的感觉,象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。大殿里的柱子,靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子,他表面贴的是金箔,6根金柱拱卫着那巨大的龙椅,把皇帝衬托得更加尊贵、庄严。此外还有66根朱红

色的柱子。这些柱子都是用才子东北长白山的红松制成的,每根高12米,直径1米多,两个人都抱可是来。当年没有显得的大型运输工具,要采伐、运输这么的木材,实在是一件十分艰难的事情。在太和殿的天花板上,有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称,就是指天花板中间镂孔雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙,就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下头,吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球,它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究,您听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝,而咱们现代人都是它们的后代,所以中国人都说自我是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”,而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜,表示自我三正统黄帝,并且有轩辕氏的保佑。太和殿地面上铺的是一种亮亮的方砖。您听说过紫禁城“金砖墁地”吗指的就是这种“金砖”。这种砖并不是拿黄金制成的,那它为什么会叫金砖呢这种砖是在今日苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的,所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人发“京”这个字音时,听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之,这京砖被叫成金砖了。虽说这砖不是用黄金制成,可是由于它的制作方法独特,工艺复杂,它的质地更像大理石一样细密、坚

固,尽管经历了几百年的摩擦,依然光亮如镜,再加上烧制、铺墁这种砖的费用也是很高的,所以,冠以“金砖”的美名,也是名副其实。

中和殿太和殿后面有一座四四方方、象亭子一样的建筑,是中和殿。它是黄帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前,皇帝从后宫出来,在中和殿稍作停留。当太和殿所有的仪式都准备好后,有专门的人来导引着皇帝,沿中间的御道,从太和殿的后门走近去。当皇帝一落座,就要焚香、奏乐、响鞭,整个大典便开始了。由于那里是皇帝大典之前做准备工作的地方,所以他在之后逐渐成为举行各种祭祀、典礼时的准备场所。在各种祭祀活动中,有一项很特殊,那就是每年春天的祭农。每年春分,皇帝要到先农坛,那里有一块皇帝的“自留地”,就是咱们俗称的“一亩三分地”。平常有专门的官员管理,但到了春分那天,皇帝要亲自到这块田地上,扶扶犁,锄锄地,这叫行“亲耕礼”,祈求五谷丰登。皇帝在去先农坛之前,要在中和殿举行一个仪式,看一看他要用的农具,这也反映皇帝对农业的重视。当然了,中和殿还有其他用途。比如皇帝要在那里阅视家谱。皇族和老百姓一样,也有自我的家谱,皇帝的家谱叫“玉牒”。玉是玉器的玉,牒是通牒的牒,每隔十年重修一次。那里要说明一句,皇帝的家谱虽名为玉牒,但并不是用玉制成的,也是用纸张书写,只是为了强调皇帝家谱的高贵,才称为玉牒。中和殿的另一个用途,是皇帝在那里为皇太后上徽号

。皇帝为了表示孝道,要在寿庆和节日给皇太后上一些吉祥的称号,叫做徽号。像我们熟悉的“慈禧”“慈安”就是徽号。

保和殿是一座十分著名的宫殿,在明清两朝,那里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日,皇帝都要在那里宴请文武百官,以示庆贺。一些少数民俗的领袖,像西藏的高僧,蒙古王公来皇宫,皇帝也要在那里设宴款待,以示笼络。公主出嫁,皇帝也要在那里宴请亲家,表示对他们的尊重。然而,保和殿在读书人的心目中,地位是最高的,因为从清朝乾隆年间开始,保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能,成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元,就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎,暮登天子堂。将相本无种,男儿当自强!您听过这首童谣吗它的前两句是说一个青年早上还在为地主放牛,晚上就到天子堂来考试了。而“天子堂”,指的就是这保和殿。那里形容读书人的一步登天,其实当年可不是这样的。在当年,能够到这座大殿内参加考试,就应经是十分十分不容易了。因为来到那里的考生,都是从全国众多学子中,经过从地方到京城层层考试选出来的。一个读书人,熟读“四书五经”之后,首先要中秀才。中了秀才就是读书人,到县衙大堂,见县官就不用跪了。秀才要去省会城市考试考“乡试”,考中为举人,举人就能够做县令之类的小官了,社会地位也会得到很大的提升。您还记得吗,在电视剧《铁齿痛牙纪

晓岚》里就有秀才参加乡试,考官们徇私舞弊的情节。其实,中举对于科举之路来说,只是万里长征走完了第一步。举人们还要到京城的国子监去考“会试”。然后才有资格到这座宫殿参加考试,所以叫“殿试”。“殿”就是保和殿的“殿”。殿试每三年举行一次,由皇帝亲自主考。从早上考到晚上,整整一天。阅卷工作全部结束,皇帝要在太和殿进行一个隆重的发榜仪式,称之为“金殿传胪”。所有参加殿试的贡生们都云集在太和广场,皇帝亲自在大典上宣读前三名的名字。考中第一名的称为状元,第二,第三名称为榜眼和探花。这三个人能够很荣耀的从午门正中的门洞走出紫禁城,这是皇帝对他们的恩宠。

云龙石雕故宫中,在许多宫殿的前台都有石雕,用浮雕的手法刻出游龙、翔凤等图案。这些石雕主要为了装饰,显示皇家的威严和气派。在这些大大小小的石雕中,保和殿后也就是台阶中间的云龙石雕是最大的一块。石雕的图案,从上到下,刻着九条形态各异、栩栩如生的游龙,嬉戏于云海之中,十分生动、精美。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的,此刻长16.57米,宽3.07米,平均厚度1.70米,重量达200多吨。这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村,距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前,没有任何现代化运输工具的情景下,是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢这是一个十分趣味的话题。简单地说,就是借助冰,是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。工匠们从紫禁城到大石窝村,每隔一里地打一口井。到了严冬季节,从井里把水提上来,泼在路面上,就这样波一条100多华里的冰道。我们明白,饼面上的摩擦力小的多。就是这种能够情景下,仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马,用了近一个月时间,耗银11万两,才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里,其艰难程度可想而知。每个人站在它面前,都不得不从心底叹服古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

铜缸故宫里有许多大缸,您想这些大缸是做什么用的呢这些缸是储水防火用的,故宫里此刻总共有308口铜缸或铁缸,分散在各个宫殿附近。故宫的缸都有一个特点,缸底的石基都留有一个方口。因为北京的冬天很冷,户外的水很容易结冰,所以入冬以后,专门有太监来管理这些缸。在缸的外面套上棉套,上头盖上缸盖,低下烧上炭火,一向烧到惊蛰时节气温回升了才撤火,基座下的方口就是烧炭的炭口。这些缸大部分都是用青铜铸成的,缸外面是镏金的,一口缸要用黄金约3公斤。金灿灿的镏金铜缸衬着红墙,十分华贵气派。可是,如果我们走到前朝宫殿旁边,会发现那里的缸表面只留下了斑斑的黄迹。这是怎样回事呢说道这儿,我要讲一段令人心酸的历史了。100多年前,也就是公元1900年,八国联军以镇压义和团的名义,侵略北京。当他们进入紫禁城后,对宫廷物品进行了大肆劫掠,抢走了数不清的玉器、玛瑙、佛像,许多珍贵图书、档案也被破坏。这些大缸表面,金灿灿的黄金夜难逃此劫。贪婪的侵略者用刺刀把缸表面的镏金一点点刮去,留下横七竖八的刀痕,引起我们痛苦的回忆,提醒我们要勿忘国耻,自强不息!

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篇14:写故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 452 字

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各位游客:

大家好!欢迎来到北京故宫,我叫王嘉一。非常荣幸能为大家提供服务,希望在我的陪伴下,能让您度过愉快的一天。现在让我们一起去领略世界遗产--北京故宫。

故宫,又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫,故宫是世界现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年),共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。紫禁城占地72万多平方米,共有宫殿9000多间。

我们现在站的位置是故宫的太和殿。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三大殿和三大宫。故宫三大殿:太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑,是皇帝举行大典的地方;中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方;保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。故宫三大宫:乾清宫、慈宁宫、坤宁宫,是皇帝处理日常政务和帝后及其年幼子女居住的地方。大家游览故宫应注意,一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍贵的文物。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统,显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观,一定要注意保持故宫环境卫生,一小时后在故宫后门集合,请准时哦!。

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篇15:故宫英文导游词_导游词范文_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 31147 字

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故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

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篇16:导游词北京故宫500字范文大全

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 684 字

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大家好!欢迎大家来到这个被誉为世界五大宫之首的北京故宫。我是廷佐旅行社的导游侯易辛,很高兴今天能带大家一起领略这美丽的文化遗址。

我们所说的故宫一般指北京故宫,是世界上最壮观、宏大的皇家宫殿,旧称紫禁城。俗话说“三岛春深云气暖,九霄地迥月明多”。接下来,让我们走进这座神秘故宫的正门,去瞧一瞧如今的故宫吧!

北京故宫是明清两代的宫殿,金碧辉煌,宏大雄伟。它以三大殿为中心,占地约72万平方米,建筑面积约为15万平方米。有大小宫殿七十多座,房屋九千余间,相当于1800多个篮球场!大家觉得不可思议吧?

当年,下令建筑故宫的,是明成祖永乐。故宫是个规模宏大的皇家宫殿,它由永乐四年始建,直至永乐十八年才建成。在天空中俯视故宫,故宫就像一座长方形城池,它南北长961米,东西宽753米,四面围有高10米的城墙,城外沿有宽52米的护城河。整个故宫有外朝和内廷组成。

大家朝那儿看,那就是外朝的三大殿,分别为太和殿、中和殿和保和殿,是古代君王和文武百官商议国家大事的地方。三大殿为汉族宫殿建筑之精华,体现了汉式宫殿建筑的特点:平面布局以大殿(太和殿)为主体,取左右对称的法式排列诸殿堂、楼阁、台榭、廊庑、亭轩、门阙等建筑。走进去,我们会发现殿堂建筑以木构架支撑,柱底下有石柱础,砖修墙体北、西、东三面维护,坐北朝南,上盖金黄色琉璃瓦屋顶。

内廷的中心则是乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫,统称后三宫,那里就是皇帝与后妃们住的正宫。大家现在可以休息一下,过一会儿我们去观赏后宫的美景。

好了,现在请大家跟随着我的脚步,继续故宫一日游吧!请大家在参观过程中不要大声喧哗,乱扔垃圾哦!祝大家度过快乐的一天!

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篇17:北京故宫简短导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 596 字

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各位来自世界各地的游客们,大家好!欢迎来到北京故宫,我是小导游,很高兴能为大家服务,请朋友们跟随我游赏吧!

中国明清两代的皇宫,又称紫荆城。宫殿位于北京城中心。始建于明永乐四年至十八年,也就是现在的1406年至1420年。后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改,变得非常富丽堂皇,但仍然保持着原来的布局和规模,是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代大构架宫殿建筑群。

这是故宫的历史,接下来我向大家介绍它的外观和排列顺序。

整座城设了四个门:南门正中面是午门,北边是神武门,东面是东华门,西面为西华门。四个门都建有重檐宫殿顶门楼。宫殿的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有宽52米的护城河,够宽吧!整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局,层次分明,主次有序。

下面我们一起去看看皇帝的住所,那里可是井井有条。

文华殿,、武英殿是面阔九间的,但檐歇山顶建筑。文华殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方,武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫、乾坤宫和坤宁宫直通御花园。乾坤宫和坤宁宫是内廷的正殿、正寝,是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所。平均面积宽九间。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群,占地面积达8.5万平方米。1961年被定为第一批中国重点文物保护单位,现已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

今天的故宫观光游览就要结束了,在故宫的这段时光,希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆!

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篇18:关于故宫的优秀导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 583 字

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各位游客你们好,这次由我带领你们去北京故宫,我叫孔繁鹭,希望我能带给大家最好的服务。不过现在我要提几点要求:1。要保管好自己的贵重物品;2。如果迷路,请马上给我打电话不要离开;3。一定要保护环境。好了,我的要求提完了,请您自觉遵守,谢谢合作!

首先我给大家做一简要介绍,故宫位于北京中心,旧称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界现存规模最大、最雄伟、保存最完整的古代宫殿。至少已有近580年历史了。故宫规模宏大,东西宽为753米,南北长达961米,总占地面积达72万平方米,大约一共有一万间宫室。

各位游客,现在展现在我们眼前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿故宫。大家看着四面就是宫墙,四周都是高大的城门,南为午门,北为神武门,东为东华门,西为西华门。

现在请大家跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看吧!这里是皇帝上朝的地方,再看那边,中间的是汉白玉雕刻的“双龙戏珠”,两边是汉白玉台阶;台阶的左边是一只乌龟,右边是一只仙鹤,这象征着延年益寿。

我再给大家介绍介绍其他殿吧!现在我们来到了中和殿,中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中学礼仪之地,保和殿呢?它是由多根红色巨柱支撑着,每根柱上都刻着一条栩栩如生的巨龙,十分壮观,我们再来看看文华殿吧!他是明代皇太子的读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内延的分界处,由此向北就是延。

好了,这次游览结束,希望你们再次观赏我国的其它景物并且祝你们玩的愉快!

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篇19:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 331 字

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各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游,希望大家通过我的介绍,对北京故宫留下美好的印象,谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心,又称紫禁城,这里曾居住过24位皇帝,是明清两代的皇宫,北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群,总面积在12万多平方米,有殿宇宫室9999间半,其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门,宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙,墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑,也称金銮殿。是皇帝举行大典的地方,殿高28米,东西63米,南北35米,有直径达1米的大柱92根,御座设在殿内高2米的台上,后面有精雕细刻的围屏,整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束,美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临,谢谢!

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篇20:关于故宫的优秀导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 599 字

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大家好!欢迎大家来到故宫,很高兴能为大家服务,我是本次大家旅程的导游韩一铭,大家叫我韩导就行。今天由我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

现在,大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝,是明、清两代的皇宫,现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇,都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧!这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁,还分布着许多殿宇,也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线,就要去艺术珍品馆啦!故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等,收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计,有102653件,其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上,每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼,有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天,永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊,这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天,一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子,觉着笼子非常奇怪,就走过去看了看,一数,这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊!木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此,就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客,我们今天的游览马上就要结束了,对我今天的讲解,欢迎您提出意见和建议,我深表感谢。最后,祝大家玩得开心!谢谢

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