白鹤梁导游词最新20篇

Shandong, one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture, is a greatland with not only famous mountains and rivers, but also splendid civilizationin the long history of civilization. There are numerous places of interest andscenic spots in Shandong.

Dear tourists, ladies and gentlemen, you have worked hard all the way.Welcome to the Confucius Temple.

Dear tourist friends, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Qufu, Confuciushometown, and thank you for choosing me as your guide. Im Zhang, a tour guideof __ travel agency in Qufu. You can call me Xiao Zhang or Zhang Dao. Confuciushas a famous saying: "its a pleasure to have friends from afar." Now let mefeel happy to meet new friends and provide you with tour guide service.

Confucius Temple is a ritual temple for Confucius. Confucius is a famousthinker and educator at the end of the spring and Autumn Period in China, and isrespected as the founder of the Confucian school. According to records,Confucius was born on the top of the polder, like the shape of Niqiu mountain,so because of the name Qiu, the word Zhongni.

In his life of hard exploration of social practice, Confucius deeplyunderstood and understood the society at that time, gradually established thebasic system of Confucianism, and became a famous political theorist, educatorand thinker at that time. The Confucianism he founded has a great influence inthe history of China and even the world. In the second year after Confucius died(478 BC), Duke AI of Lu changed the hall where Confucius lived to "longevityhall". There were three houses, which displayed "clothes, crowns, Qin, Che, Shu"used by Confucius, and "because they thought they were temples, they wereworshipped when they were old", that is, they offered sacrifices on time everyyear. Although Confucius was a well-known academic master at that time,Confucianism was only a school, and Confucius was not in a high position, so theoriginal Confucius Temple was only the former residence of Confucius. After theHan Dynasty, the status of Confucius and Confucianism gradually improved.

According to records, from 220 A.D. to the time before liberation, theConfucius Temple was rebuilt and expanded for more than 70 times. After morethan 20__ years of reconstruction and expansion, the Confucius Temple in Qufuformed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. It covers an area of about140000 square meters, including 466 halls, pavilions, 54 gates and 17 stelepavilions. With its large scale, the Palace Museum and Chengde Mountain Resortare known as the three major ancient architectural complexes in China.

The overall layout of Confucius Temple is a long-term development ofConfucius former residence, which has a history of more than 2400 years. Thearchitectural effect pursued by the development of Confucius Temple is achievedthrough the environment created by the whole building complex to set off thegreat achievements of Confucius and the profound and extensive of Confucianismand Taoism. Therefore, the artistic expression of Confucius temple architectureis firstly the integrity of its overall layout and architectural sequence;secondly, the treatment of its individual buildings and the pattern of eachcourtyard, and each hall, hall, building, door and pavilion fully shows theirrespective important role; The third is the subtle aspects of individualarchitecture, which fully reflects the unparalleled artistic achievements ofChinese ancient architects in design and construction. In the aspect of overallarchitecture, Confucius Temple adopts the ancient traditional palace stylearchitecture. However, it has been rebuilt and expanded for many times inhistory. When it is rebuilt and expanded, it is bound to be limited by theshape, scale and other factors of the previous Confucian temple. However, thearchitectural group of the Confucian temple finally successfully utilized theheritage of the previous generation, which not only reflects the continuation ofthe historical heritage, but also maintains its overall integrity. This uniquearchitectural form is caused by many factors. First of all, the Confucius Templeis an extension of the former residence of Confucius, which preserves manyhistorical sites related to Confucius, such as the old house well, poetry hall,Lubi, Jinsi hall, and the apricot altar built to commemorate Confuciuslectures; second, the Royal ancestral temple factors, such as the halberdsystem, the front hall and the back bedroom system; third, the palace factors,such as the five gate system of the emperor, the turret system of the RoyalCity, the East and West Huamen, etc; The fourth is the factors of clan andfamily temples, such as Qisheng temple, Chongsheng temple, family temple, etc.;the fifth is the factors of sacrifice. In addition to Confucius, Sipei andtwelve philosophers, there are also sages, Confucians and ancestors, with atotal number of more than 200 people. In order to accommodate a large number ofworshippers, it is necessary to set up veranda, thus forming veranda courtyard.In addition to the above factors, it also highlights the sage status ofConfucius and the sanctity of Confucius and Mencius, such as panchi, Bishui,memorial archway and so on, and symbolizes Confucius great academicachievements with the book building. Confucius Temple has successfully used thetraditional combination of courtyard and environment, and achieved the purposeof rendering Confucius outstanding contribution in academic and education andhis lofty position in ancient society. It is a unique architectural form inancient Chinese architectural complex.

There are more than 1200 ancient trees in the Confucius Temple, whichreflect each other with the magnificent buildings. Especially in summer,thousands of egrets live on the ancient trees, forming another unique landscapeof the Confucius Temple. Egrets have been designated as city birds by QufuCity.

Wanren palace wall

Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang

Jinshengyuzhen square was built in 1538, the 17th year of Jiajing reign ofMing Dynasty. The four characters of "jinshengyuzhen" are written by Huzuanzong, a scholar of Ming Dynasty. On the square, there is a light carvedcloud dragon playing with pearls. On the top of each column, there is a roundcarving "ward off evil spirits", commonly known as "chaotianhou". Behind thesquare, there is a single hole stone bridge, on which there is a dragon, named"Panshui bridge". Under the bridge, the upstream of panshuiyuan is connectedwith gupanchi, and the downstream flows through the South Gate of Ming CityXishuimen enters the moat. The bridge was built in the 16th year of the reign ofEmperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1677 AD).

The four characters of "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" come from "Mencius · Wan ZhangXia", Mencius said: "Confucius is called jidacheng. He who has achieved greatsuccess has a golden voice and a jade. The first is the sound of gold, and thelast is the sound of jade. " It means that Confucius is a master of sages andsages. The original meaning of "Jin Sheng" refers to the sound of "Zhong", anancient musical instrument in China. The original meaning of "Yu Zhen" refers tothe sound of "Qing", an ancient musical instrument in China. Mencius comparesConfucius thought to a perfect music. Here, to borrow Mencius meaning, itmeans that Confucius thought is perfect and integrates the achievements ofancient sages to reach the top.

Lattice star gate

Lingxing gate was built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of MingDynasty. It was originally made of wood. In the 19th year of Qianlong (AD 1754)of Qing Dynasty, it was replaced by stone pillars and iron beams when KongZhaohuan rebuilt the Confucius Temple. On the top of the four pillars are thefour generals, and on the middle beam are the fire pearls, which symbolizes thatthe gate is guarded by the generals and becomes a towering gate.

Lingxing, namely Tiantian star, was first seen in the historical data ofthe Han Emperor Gaozus order to worship Lingxing. The ancients believed thatLingxing was a star that "the LORD was honored by the scholars" and wasspecially in charge of officials. In the sixth year of emperor Renzong of SongDynasty (A.D. 1028), a Lingxing gate was built on the outer wall of theplatform, which was like a window lattice. There is a gate in the ConfuciusTemple, which means to worship Confucius as heaven. This can be seen in therecords of JINGDING Jiankang and Jinling Xinzhi of Song Dynasty. In addition,there is a inscription in the Confucius Temple: the Lingxing gate is set up to"dredge it to accommodate the corporal". Wherever there is a Lingxing gate, itsdoor leaf must be made of lattice structure, so it has the meaning of dredge.The Confucius temple takes this meaning to attract scholars from all over theworld to study here.

In feudal society, all the officials who came to Qufu to offer sacrificesto Confucius, regardless of their positions, had to get off the sedan chair anddismount the military officials to show their respect for Confucius. Thismonument was first erected in the second year of the reign of emperor Mingchangof Jin Dynasty (1191 AD), and now only one is left in the East.

Taihe Yuanqi square

Taihe Yuanqi square was built in the 23rd year of Jiajing in the MingDynasty (1544 A.D.), which is of stone structure. "Taihe Yuanqi" was written bythe governor of Shandong at that time.

"Taihe" refers to the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, andYin and Yang. "Yuanqi" originally means the original material that forms theworld. Later, some materialists called the five elements "Yuanqi" as "gold,wood, water, fire and earth". Everything in the world is composed of fiveelements. Here, "Yuanqi" is the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon,and Yin and Yang, which is the basis for the growth of all things. "Taihe Qi"means that Confucius thought embodies the essence and the most noble aspect ofhuman thought. It can make human thought reach a supreme position as theuniverse produces everything.

After Yuanqi square of Taihe, there was the "Zhisheng Temple" square,formerly known as the "Xuansheng Temple" square. There was no record of itsfounding date. There was a "Xuansheng Temple" square on the temple map in the16th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1503). In 1729 ad, Xuansheng temple waschanged to Zhisheng temple. This square is white marble. "Zhi" meanssupreme.

"Demou heaven and earth, Daoguan ancient and modern" means that Confuciuscontributed as much to mankind as heaven and earth. Confucius thought isunprecedented, and is supreme in both ancient and modern times and in thefuture.

Holy time gate

Shengshimen, originally the main gate of Confucius Temple, was built in the13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty, expanded in the 12th year ofHongzhi (AD 1499), and named "shengshimen" by Emperor Shizong of Qing Dynasty inthe 8th year of Yongzheng (AD 1730). The gate is built on a high platform, andthere are reliefs on the front and rear Royal Roads respectively. It is carvedin the Ming Dynasty. "Shengshimen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of QingDynasty.

The word "Shengshi" comes from Mencius. After comparing four ancientChinese sages, Mencius pointed out: "Boyi is the sage of Qing Dynasty; Yiyin isthe sage of Ren Dynasty; liuxiahui is the sage of harmony; Confucius is the sageof time". Yi Yin helped Tang exterminate Xia Jie, assisted Wai Bing after Tangdied, and established Tang sun Tai Jia to ascend the throne after Zhong Rendied. Because Tai Jia destroyed Tang FA, he was banished by Yi Yin. Three yearslater, Tai Jia repented and Yi Yin took him back. Mencius called Yi Yin thesage; Liu Xiahui was a senior official of the state of Lu in the spring andAutumn period. He had been demoted three times and remained in office. Whenasked why he didnt leave, he replied, "how can we go straight and serve people?Why should we go to our parents country if we do wrong?" later, when Qiattacked Lu, he sent people to Qi to persuade him to withdraw. Without a singlesoldier, he withdrew from Qis army, so Mencius said that he was the Holy One.By comparison, Mencius believes that Confucius is the sage of the time, the sageof the whole time, is the most suitable sage of the times, no matter in anyperiod, any dynasty, Confucius thought should become orthodox thought.

Bishui Bridge

When you enter the Shengshi gate, it suddenly opens. In the large squarecourtyard, there are towering ancient trees, fragrant grass, symmetrical Eastand West, each with a waist gate. The three arch bridges on the opposite sidecover the Bishui, and half cover the Hongdao gate. In addition, the stone bonsaiis decorated on it. It makes people relaxed and happy, and they are all moved.They suddenly feel that they have entered the realm of "God". Those who worshipthe saints will look up to the top, and those who watch will see it first.Connected with this situation, the east side of the waist gate is called "quickview", and the west side of the waist gate is called "Yang Gao". "Kuai Kan"means seeing first, while "Yanggao" comes from the Analects of Confucius ·Zihan. It means that Confucius way is high and unfathomable. Looking up, thehigher you look, the higher you study Confucius thoughts and theories. Once youenter the door, you will feel that there is no end to what you learn. These twogates were built in the 12th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1499 AD). In thepast, only the emperor could go through the main gate for sacrifice, and mostpeople could only enter the temple through the Yanggao gate.

In front of a water across, three bridges longitudinal span, ring water hascarved stone column, because the water "around such as Bi" named "Bi water".There is Jinshui in front of Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, where Bishui meansConfucius Temple is the same as the Imperial Palace, so the third bridge isnamed Bishui bridge. It was first built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) ofMing Dynasty. In the 12th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1499), stonerailings were added. The river body was built with a river bottom. The originalriver was built with small walls. In the 16th year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD1677), the small walls were changed into stone railings.

Hongdaomen

Hongdaomen was built in 1377, the 10th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. Itwas the main gate of Confucius Temple at that time. When the Confucius Templewas rebuilt in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt into five rooms.In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730 A.D.), Emperor Yongzheng designated it as"Hongdao gate". Later, Emperor Qianlong inscribed the word "Hongdao" and erecteda plaque on the gate.

There are two stone steles under hongdaomen. The East stele is the "historyof Qufu county" carved in Yuan Dynasty, which records the history of Qufu beforeYuan Dynasty and has high historical value. Xibei is the epitaph of Mr. ChushiWang in Yuan Dynasty, which is of great calligraphy value. The two steles wereoriginally erected in Jiuxian village in the east of Qufu City and moved to theConfucius Temple in 1964.

Da Zhong men

Dazhongmen is the main gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. It wasbuilt in Song Dynasty and rebuilt in 1499. The three character plaque of"dazhongmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.

There are three green tile corner buildings on both sides of the Dazhonggate. The two corner buildings are built on the square high platform in theshape of a curved ruler. The rectangular outline formed by the two cornerbuildings and the East and west corner buildings behind the Confucius Temple isthe outline of the Confucius Temple in the yuan Dynasty. The main buildings inthe Confucius Temple are within this outline. The turret was built in 1331 A.D.in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty. The corner tower of Confucius Temple ismodeled on the corner tower of Imperial City, which means that Confucius Templeis as majestic as imperial palace.

Tongwenmen was built in Song Dynasty. It was originally three rooms, andexpanded to five rooms in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. It was called"shentongmen" in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, and changed totongwenmen in the seventh year of Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1729 AD). Thisdoor is a single door, no wall on the left and right. In the past, intraditional Chinese palace style architecture, small buildings were often usedas barriers before the main building to show solemnity. Tongwen gate acted as abarrier for Kuiwen Pavilion. "Tongwenmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of QingDynasty.

Kuiwen Pavilion

Kuiwenge, formerly known as the library, was built in the Song Dynasty withfive double eaves. In the sixth year of jinmingchang (AD 1195), it was changedinto three eaves and was named "kuiwenge". In the 17th year of Hongzhi in MingDynasty (1504 AD), it was changed into seven rooms. Emperor Qianlong of Gaozongof Qing Dynasty inscribed a plaque on the pavilion.

Kuiwen Pavilion is 30.1 meters wide from east to west, 17.62 meters deepfrom north to south, and 23.35 meters high. It has triple cornices, four layersof brackets, and eight octagonal stone columns under the eaves. The internalstructure is a laminated wooden frame, with two layers of Pavilion and a darklayer in the middle.

Kui, the name of the star. One of the 28 sleepers. It is said that it isthe head of the white tiger in the west, with a total of 16 stars, "buckled andhooked, like a painting of words". In the book of filial piety, it is said that"the article of Kui master", and later generations further described Kui star as"the head of civil servants". Therefore, in order to praise Confucius as a civilservant, Jin Zhangzong named the original library Kuiwen Pavilion.

Kuiwen pavilion has experienced hundreds of years of ups and downs andhundreds of earthquakes since it was expanded in 1504. In the West Pavilion,there is a tablet recording a major earthquake in the Kangxi period of QingDynasty, "nine houses in the world, one in the world". That is to say, 90% ofthe houses collapsed and Kuiwen pavilion was safe and sound. By the early 1980s,Kuiwen Pavilion had been in disrepair for many years. Some of the wood wasrotten and the top of the pavilion was twisted. Under the leadership of theState Administration of cultural relics, experts on ancient buildings wereorganized to work out a restoration plan. More than 1.2 million yuan wasallocated to renovate Kuiwen Pavilion one year ahead of the original schedule.The renovated Kuiwen pavilion has completely maintained its originalspecifications and style.

There are two stone tablets in the East and west of kuiwenge corridor.Kuiwenge Fu in the East is written by Li Dongyang, a famous poet in MingDynasty, and Qiao Zong, a famous calligrapher. In the west is kuiwenge resetbooks record, which records that in 1511, Liu Liu and Liu Qi led the peasantuprising army to capture Qufu and occupy the Confucius Temple. After they burnedkuiwenges books, the emperor ordered the Ministry of rites to issue imperialbooks. In the late Qing Dynasty, the collection of books in Kuiwen pavilion wasmoved to Confucius residence for preservation.

Kuiwen Pavilion is now on display with the pictures of Confucius holyrelics

海珠桥，是广州最早接通珠江两岸的跨江桥，也是解放前此地唯一的钢铁桥。

它始建于1929年12月，完成于1933年2月，由美国马克敦公司承建。它全长356.67米，主桥全长182.90米。南北两跨对称布置，原为三孔下承式简支钢桁架桥，设计荷载为两列10吨汽车。中跨为开启式结构，且能向上分开，以利大船通过。

当我们来到珠江边的时候，极目远眺，滚滚珠江如闪光的银带，在波光粼粼的江面上，横跨着雄伟的海珠桥。它与宽阔的人民大桥遥遥相望，横卧在碧波荡漾的江面上，壮观极了!

当年，因为它是广州的交通要塞，所以在战争时代自然也成了敌人轰炸的首选目标，在1938年日军侵占广州时，海珠桥遭破坏，后虽经修建，但中段桥面的开合部分已无法复原。

1950年，由衡阳铁路局广州分局修复通车，改为钢桁下承桥。然而，桥面不能开合，外观却与原桥大致相若。1974年，在桥两边加建预应力钢筋砼箱梁慢车道桥。

随着经济的发展，为了满足日益增长的交通流量需求，于1975年对海珠桥进行了扩建，在该桥东、西两侧各拓宽7.83米，跨度与主钢桥一致。1995年，广州市市政局组织对海珠桥主桥钢桁架进行维修加固，采用自锚式悬索吊桥加固方案，经体系转换后，主桥设计荷载为承载15吨的汽车通过。

我们在桥面上走着，两条白色长围栏把平坦的黑柏油马路的桥面分成三部分：人行道、非机动车道和机动车道。桥上有两个钢架结构，它们像两顶安全帽“戴”在桥面上，使人更有安全感。站在桥面上，轻抚桥上的钢板，可以感觉到它这七十多年的沧桑：到目前为止，海珠桥所用的材料，有的已经将近百岁了，但它至今仍风采依旧。海珠桥以它的悠久历史和独特风格点缀和象征着广州，乃是“羊城八景”的组成部分之“碧海丹心”，它促进了河南与河北的经济与交流，为广州的繁荣发挥着作用。

走下桥，我们缓步在临江道路上走着，远远地看海珠大桥在明媚的阳光下，显得十分壮丽。波涛滚滚的珠江中，四个巨大的桥墩稳稳地托住桥身。正桥连接桥上的钢结构，仿佛一条钢铁巨龙静静地躺卧在珠江上面。又一阵清风吹过，想起奥运圣火在广州的传递时经过海珠桥，我们的母亲河上的第一座桥——海珠桥——又再一次见证了一个辉煌的时刻。

我们走累了，坐在临江的长椅上，放眼江面，只见江上游轮慢悠悠地“游”着，游人的欢笑声打破了夏日的宁静。海珠桥，你为广州的交通提供了许多方便，你那古朴典雅的身姿，给世人带来愉悦，给广州造就了一份诗情画意!

“一座城市有了水就有了活力，有了桥就有了诗意。”的确，站在海珠桥上看风景是很美的。江面辽阔，给人一种舒畅宽松的感觉，似乎将要与其融为一体;听说，最美的还是下点儿小雨。阴雨绵绵时节的海珠桥，会给人一种蒙眬美，更给予人真实的感觉，因此它又有了“双桥烟雨”的美景和美称。

海珠桥虽说不上包罗人间万象，但也确是广州的一个历史性的标志，而且“沟通”了过去和未来!

青岛栈桥导游词

各位团友：

大家好!我们今天游览的第一站是栈桥。栈桥是青岛的象征，是青岛人的骄傲。它位于青岛湾，全长440米，宽8米。20世纪30年代栈桥曾被誉为青岛市内十景之首、青岛二十四景之一，不少文人墨客都曾写下赞美它的诗词，国内外的重要宾客、知名人士来青岛观光时，都要登临栈桥，欣赏海滨风光。驰名中外的青岛啤酒商标便是以栈桥为图案设计而成的。

现在我把栈桥给大家做一下介绍：

[栈桥概况]

栈桥有着一百多年的历史，她既目睹了青岛的屈辱岁月，也见证了青岛的建设与发展。1891年清政府下诏书在青岛(时称胶澳)建置。1892年清政府派登州总兵章高元带四营官兵驻扎青岛，为便于部队军需物资的运输，建了两座码头，其中一座就是现今的栈桥，长200米，宽10米。该码头原称谓很多，有海军栈桥、前海栈桥、南海栈桥、李鸿章栈桥、大码头等。另一座位于总兵衙门前方的“衙门桥”长100米，宽6米，亦称“蜗牛桥”。这两座码头都是中国工程师自己设计的，是青岛最早的码头。

栈桥是当时惟一的一条海上“军火供给线”，也就是说，谁控制了栈桥，谁就控制了胶州湾。1897年，德军以演习为名，从栈桥所在的青岛湾登陆，武力占领了青岛，栈桥成为德军侵占青岛的见证。德帝国主义侵占青岛后，于19xx年5月将原桥北端改为石基，水泥铺面，在南端钢制桥架上铺设木板，并建轻便铁轨，将桥身延长到350米，仍为军用码头。19xx年大港第一码头建成后，栈桥逐渐失去它作为码头的历史使命，开始向游人开放。

第一次世界大战期间，日本从崂山仰口登陆占领青岛后，仍然在这座桥上举行阅兵式，以此证明其对青岛享有“充分主权”。

1922年，青岛被中国北洋政府收回后，中国水兵在此阅兵。

1931年，南京国民政府出巨资由德国信利洋行承包重建，桥身加长到440米。桥南端增建了箭头型的防浪堤， 并在防浪堤上修建了具有民族风格的回澜阁。整个工程至1933年4月竣工。 栈桥从此成为青岛第一景。新中国成立后，人民政府多次拨款对栈桥进行维修，1985年青岛市又对栈桥进行了大规模的全面整修，两侧围以铁索护栏，12对欧式桥灯相峙而立，外铺花岗岩石台阶。1998年底至1999年6月，市政府再次拨款对栈桥进行了大规模整修，此次维修既达到防风浪、防腐蚀，保持原有的风韵的要求，又与两侧护岸设施相匹配，增加了美观效果，使整个桥体焕发了青春。

XX年包括栈桥在内的海滨风景区，被国家旅游局评为首批aaaa级风景区。考试就到考试大

各位团友，我们现在站在栈桥桥头，前面这片水域被称为青岛湾。远处看，栈桥像一条彩虹横卧在大海之中，尽头的“回澜阁”仿佛飘浮在大海之上，有“长虹远引”、“飞阁回澜”之美称。

要领略栈桥的魅力，最好是沿着这条通往海中的桥走进去。走进去，仿佛将自己置身于大海环绕之中，可充分感受海的气息，体验海的浩淼，增强对大海的立体感受。碧波拍打着桥面，白云漂浮在蓝天，海鸥在海天间飞翔，游船在海浪中穿梭，这种美妙的感受，您能只能在此时此地才能充分体味。大家在行进中可以看到岸边绿树掩映、楼台辉映的美景，那又是一幅充满浪漫欧陆风情的城市画卷，正如康有为先生所描写的：“碧海蓝天，红瓦绿树”，梁实秋的“观壮阔波澜，当大王之雄风”。

[回澜阁]

各位团友，现在我们来到了回澜阁，“回澜阁”匾额上的3个字最初是由原青岛市市长沈鸿烈题写的，这个匾额在日本第二次占领青岛期间被掠往日本，放在日本东京陆军博物馆内展出，以显示其侵华战争的“功绩”。现在“回澜阁”三字为著名书法家舒同所写。

此阁为二层八角凉亭，亭子由彩色琉璃瓦覆盖，24根红漆柱子支撑，阁心有螺旋形楼梯，楼上四周为玻璃窗，有“一窗一景，一景一画”之说。我们可以凭窗眺望，全方位地看到美丽的青岛湾和周围的各个景点以及著名建筑。

[栈桥周边景点]

与栈桥在一条南北直线上的这条路是中山路，它是青岛市一条老商业街，有着100多年的历史。德国占领青岛后，为了在后海修建深水码头，于1899年开辟了一条南北连接的道路，这便是中山路的雏形。德县路以南是德国人居住区，命名为“斐迭里街”，德县路以北是中国人居住区，称为大马路，1922年，两条路合并在一起，命名为山东路。1929年，为纪念孙中山先生，又改名为中山路。中山路全长1300多米，63座建筑，160多家商场，同时它还是国家确定的全国100个文明示范点之一。目前中山路也是老市区最繁华的地方之一。这样看来，栈桥成了大海与街市的过渡。它将大海和陆地紧密地连接在一起。

中山路上那座最高的建筑是“百盛商厦”。1998年9月开业。它是国务院批准的首批全国18家合资零售企业之一，由青岛第一百货公司与马来西亚的金狮集团合资兴建，总投资7.8亿元人民币，地下5层，地上49层，建筑面积12万平方米，商场面积5万平方米。在当时被称为齐鲁商业第一楼。

栈桥西边这个沙滩是第六海水浴场，它是市区浴场中最小的一个，与繁华的中山路相邻而且周围环境十分优美，有很多人到此游泳。

孙中山市政纪念公园导游词

孙中山先生市政纪念公园位于澳门西北角马路边，原为填海区，面积约有70000平方公尺, 呈长条形西北走向，是近年来澳门市政厅投资兴建面积最大的公园，也是澳门半岛规模最大的公园。

公园的景观分中、西两部份:东北部为中式设计、有人工湖、曲 桥、凉亭、小楼；西南部为西式设计，有体育设施及温室。东北部的凉亭建在人工小山上，可以眺望珠海的拱北；小楼红墙绿瓦, 幽雅恬静；曲桥迂回，景致迷人。

公园中部建有一条山铁架筑成的儿童游乐设施，由三座塔形铁枝建成。开头较为有趣。中部还有一条长达500公尺的回廊环绕, 连接了园中大部分景观，是澳门所有公园中最长的回廊。公园里有可容纳几百人的露天剧场、回力球场及温室等。

在公园里，新落成了一座名为“永远的握手”雕塑，是纪念中葡友谊的建筑物之一。

Each visitor:

How are you, welcome you to a bead sea tour, I am your guide DAVID.

Bead sea-newly arisen garden type tour in the seashore spend a holiday city, is China south china sea of a bright bright pearl of strand.She is located in Pearl River to go into seaport, the ground connects Macau, and water connects Hong Kong, is one of five economic special areas in Chinas.

Bead sea the natural environment is beautiful, mountain clear water show, waters vast, there are more than 100 islands, the vegetable has "the city of 100 islands" United States to call.City planning and construction only have mental strategy, outstanding tour consciousness, naturally harmonious, the grace is unique, be rich with the modern breathing of garden sentimental appeal in the seashore very much.In 1991, bead seas taking whole city image as a view is traveled bureau by the nation to review for one of"China travels divine spot 40 good"s.

The bead sea has each kind of tour more than 300 houses in the hotel, the year receives ability to reach to 700, among them, the star class is more than 20 houses in the hotel.Construction in the hotel takes park villa as to design topic more, according to mountain alongside water, constituted together special scenery line in the city.Still set up each kind of meeting center, the exhibition is more than 10s, can hold various international meeting and each kind of exposition, commodity fair etc..

In the bead sea, hold an international aviation aerospace annually exposition and bead sea film festival.Two greatest great event just at home and abroad influence biggest.The bead sea still sets up nations to race car a field, has an international car game to hold annually and has tremendous attraction to the large car sport fancier.

The main tourist attraction of the bead sea City has large history cultural view circle new park clearly, the four greatest Buddhas mountain tour scenic area, pearl paradise, nine continent cities, bead sea the fish is female, bamboo fairies cave, gold sandy beach, white water country romantic feeling area in rattan lake.There is aquarium raising to set up, items, such as ocean park and plank Zhang sightseeing cableway in the mountain city...etc..

Have the bead sea of international advanced level airport currently already and more than 20 city navigations in the whole country.The ocean of Ling Ding that leads to Hong Kong sails across ocean big bridge, wide bead railroad, the wide bead superhighway builds forthcoming.Not far future, the structure and form of the bead sea international city will form, the tourism defends an interest dont moxa, the prospect is glorious.The beautiful bead sea , just with the endless magic power, greets the arrival of domestic and international visitor!

The bead sea surface faces south china sea, the coast line is as long as 690 kilometers, the whole citieses totally have all of the group of islands 140, there is the praise of "the city of 100 islands".

Numerous island sceneries are beautiful, the weather is pleasant.Among them most is famous of is Tung-ao island, blue sea blue sky bottom, the fishing village chimney smoke is curling up in the air, the southern sand gulf on the island has the good reputation of "diamond sandy beach";Spread all over a strange stone on outside island of Ling Ding, going to the island can angle for fish, the slippery wave is the tour that is full of a wild interest to spend a holiday ground;Nine state islands climb mountain light water color, luxuriant tall bamboo wood, the wreath island takes a stroll, oblivion material life of hullabaloo with complicated;The Qi Ao scene in the island is exquisite, the historic monument is numerous;There are still many not well-known islets being like similar dispersal of pearl on the sea surface, the name of "bead sea" is probably consequently and since then.

The bead sea in the bead the south of Tropic of Cancer of Haiti belongs to subtropics monsoon district.Often the year sunshine abundance, rain water is abundant, the year is average air temperature the 22.4 ℃ , average rainfall is 1700-2300 millimeters of, air on the average the opposite temperature is 79%.The natural environment of moist warmth makes the bead sea everywhere green shade spring onion cage, the every month fresh flowers blooms.

The bead sea is located in the western side that the Pearl River goes into the seaport Ling Ding ocean, is rivers sea to hand over to remit, the coastal city of water net interleave.The whole citieses total the ocean in the district of 7660 squares thousand meters of the area had about 80% and reached to 6030 the squares are thousand meters.On this broad waters, encircle bead sea, the waterses of Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macau of Pearl River thing shore, the pearl sort ground sprinkles 146 jade-green islands, the name of fabulous bead sea is from here and since then.

The history origin and development of bead sea:

The cultural object of discovering proves that the new stone age that up traces into 451000 year agos, has first a people to multiply on this land.Establish Hsiangshan town for Tang Dynasty perfect virtue two years(757 A.D.), belong to Dongguan County to rule over;North Sung establishes Hsiangshan town and produces salt, is a saltworks, past again field in Hsiangshan;Row for the south Sung Shaoxing 22 years(1152 A.D.) south china sea, a time Yu, new meeting, Dongguan four counties be close to the ground of sea as integral whole and establish Hsiangshan County;In 1953 with belonged to ten thousand mountain islands, three mergers, such as cooking stove islands and load pole archipelago...etc. of medium counties, such as mountain and treasure Anne(now Shenzhen)...etc. to establish a bead sea county at first;Withdraw a county to change city in 1979;Build up an economic special area in 1980.

The bead sea administrative area rows:

The bead bottom in sea City establishes area in the joss-stick continent area, Dou door, gold gulf area, the city peoples government halts joss-stick continent area.Up to the end of 20xx, the whole city permanent population is 125.28 myriad people, among them, the household register population is 75.93 myriad people.

The bead sea person has 1 to dream of, that is to let the bead sea become the most beautiful place in the world.Zhu Hai Ren wants to create a miracle:That is the place that lets the bead sea become everyones to look forward to all.

For carrying out a dream, we regard as the life of city to the environment and the ecosystem:For creating miracle, we make people the center to pursue social development and the progress in ages.

The person who has ever been to bead sea, not only to the pleasant breeze sea of the bead sea rhyme, the young and vivid city appearance leaves a deep impression, also will have a feeling to the bead sea persons living status.This is one to brave creative and then easily comfortable place, an ecosystem home that was full of a humanities color.Pure air, washed and brushed the pollution of city with miscellaneous disorderly, all the year round constant of green, accomplished it pure and free from vulgarity qualities:Neighbor HongKong-Macau of the characteristics of niche advantage and emigrant city, make medium Spanish turn to hand over to remit to melt to bring diverse and inclusivity for city mutually;The life style of modern got away from traditional inhospitality and permeated the vitality in ages;The new industrial structure molded to expand innovation, vibrant citizen.The bead sea is one can business and living perfectly combine together of place, the romantic city of a versatile and rapid development.

The environment of bead sea gives it pure and free from vulgarity qualities, bead sea the persons intelligence infused into abundant content and the creative power of everlasting for this city again.The bead sea is a place that was full of a poetry painting idea, a city that was full of youth breathing, young and the beauty is the capital and magic power of this city, world and one nature, easily open of atmosphere, diverse city culture, give bead sea the person the unrestrained imagination dint and creative power.Pursue a personality, pursue special, pursue a development, pursue living quality and personal status, is this biggest characteristics for people lived in city.

From the beginning of 90s in last century, the bead sea judged and decided in "China traveled divine spot 40 good" in, the unique uses the whole city as the view area selected of near 10-year, the bead sea successively acquired a national park green city and national ecosystem environmental protection the model unusual honors, such as city, national health city and Chinese excellent tour city...etc..At national news medium to well-known domestic greatly and in the evaluation of special feature in the city, the bead sea City acquired the title of "the most romantic city".In 1998, United Nations still gives the bead sea as"the best example prize of international improvement living environment" and makes bead sea become to be known for Chinese and Foreign"is the most suitable to match the place that the mankind live".

Bead sea, the place that uses the whole city as to travel scenic area, what to present is a new ideas of modern, annotation of is one dont the concept of comer and nature harmonious development, a natural concept, bead sea just with its outstanding looks and matchless of enthusiasm welcome everyone friend to understand, taste and care and love and even hope that the friends contributes for his development doing one creation.

大家好，我是你们的导游__，今天让我给大家介绍一下嘉茂国际花鸟园吧。

嘉茂国际花鸟园位于江阴市青阳镇。20__年上海升力投资、利安达团体 投资兴建升泰现代农业园，农业园集”不雅 光农业、休闲农业、特点农业”为一体的`都会 农业园，嘉茂国际花鸟园是个中 最富特点 的一景。花鸟园以“花、鸟、鱼、禽”的现代化临盆 、培养 、养殖为重要 中间工作，分吊花厅、莲花厅、如意岛、鸟览厅四年夜 功效 厅。

吊花厅所有花草 都是从日本引进的宝贵 花草 ，有球根海棠、吊挂金钟、凤仙花、常春藤、天苎葵、杜鹃等20__年夜 类百余种，个中尤以球根秋海棠和吊挂金钟较为著名 。

鸟览厅中，左手打造的是模仿 池沼 湿地，重要 养殖的是鹤类、鹳类等年夜 型涉禽，如丹顶鹤、东方白鹳、蓑羽鹤、灰鹤、年夜 白鹭、琵琶鹭;右手打造的是模仿戈壁 情况 ，重要 养殖飞鸟、走禽等，如亚历山年夜 鹦鹉、各类不雅 赏鸽、金丝雀、红嘴山雀、白冠长尾雉、红腹锦鸡、白腹锦鸡、白鹇等。

如意岛模拟 天然 生态，打造了一个上有飞鸟、中央 有游禽、下有游鱼的纯天然 鸟园，重要 有牡丹鹦鹉、玄风鹦鹉、百灵、喜鹊等飞鸟16余种;黑天鹅、日间鹅、鸳鸯、针尾鸭、鸿雁、赤木麻鸭等游禽18余种;还有绿孔雀、白孔雀、锦鸡、贵妃鸡、芦花鸡、锦鲤、不雅 赏鱼等。

在南山文化旅游区以西、南山西南隅、南海之滨，还有个大小洞天风景区，自古以其秀丽、奇特的海景、山景、石景与洞景号称琼崖第一山水名胜。

一、牌坊

进入景区路口立有一个石牌坊。

牌坊上书“南山大小洞天”六个大字;左联书“小洞天、大洞天，听神仙真经千卷，实乃洞天福地”;右联书“不老松、试剑峰，看南海碧波万顷，堪称山海奇观”。

二、大门

景区的大门不太起眼。

洞天，一般指山中较大型的岩洞，有通达天上的洞室。

我国独有的宗教——道教，就是以洞室作为隐居、修炼的场所，道家素有10大洞天，36小洞天和72福地之说。因此，大小洞天风景区，有着明显的道教文化特征。

看，景区大门旁边的一块大石上就刻着“道可道，非常道”6 个大字，这是出自道教的始祖老子(老聃，李耳，太上李老君)的《道德经》。

原文是：“道可道，非恒道;名可名，非恒名”。字面上的理解是：可道之道，非永恒之道;可名之名，非恒久之名。

大小洞天风景区至今仍完好的保留有小洞天、钓台、海山奇观、仙人足、试剑峰等历代诗文摩崖石刻。

三、椰林、椰林吧、椰林车道

进入景区就可以看见电瓶车，起点是大门附近的椰林吧，最后一站是南极仙翁石刻处。

大小洞天的景点就如一颗颗明珠，散布在景区圆弧形的滨海岸边，沿滨海岸有一条椰林电瓶车道与大海相距仅数米。

椰林车道道边设有饮食摊点，方便游人。

在椰林车道左侧，有一片繁茂的椰林，林中建有供游客歇息乘凉、品尝椰汁的亭子，称为“椰林吧”。

在幽草密林间铺设的旅游步道，与电瓶车道并行、交错，与各景点相通相连。

海滨茂密的椰林。

椰林车道。

四、三亚自然博物馆

三亚自然博物馆是中国最南端的唯一的自然博物馆。

博物馆真实展现1.4亿年前的生命世界，主要以恐龙化石为主。

在博物馆周围的草坪上，还有老子骑牛石雕，孔子木雕，东方神木树化石等雕塑。

五、鉴真东渡群塑

公元748年，唐代著名高僧鉴真为弘扬佛法第五次东渡日本时遇飓风，漂流到大小洞天登岸，在此修造大云寺，传播佛教文化。为了纪念这一段千古史话，景区内立有鉴真登岸群雕，展现鉴真及弟子东渡日本历尽艰辛，不畏失败，斗志昂扬的精神面貌。

六、九九归一塑像

鉴真群雕对面靠海的林荫道中，雕着九只形态各异的大灵龟和一只小乌龟，其状栩栩如生，称为“九九归一”，是为纪念1999年12月20日澳门回归而建。

“龟”在道教文化里象征着长寿，这里取“龟”的谐音。

再沿海岸边林荫步道向前，椰林下矗立着一块状如帽子的巨石，巨石上书写着一首优美的现代诗，诗曰：

直到我看见大海

才知道，那飓风

掀起大海惊涛骇浪

直到我看见大海

才明白，那太阳

搅乱海水染成蓝色的海洋

直到我看见大海

才清楚，那海水

来去拍打海岸呼吸欢畅

七、龙王别院

南山形似巨鳖，鳖为龙子，负重载物，定海伏波。当地百姓对鳖敬畏有加，故在南山山脚建“龙王别院”，铸造龙王铜像。

南海龙王高大英武，文武双全，头顶王冠，额生两角，赤发长髯浓眉睿目，双耳垂肩，虎鼻朱唇，龙须横出。身穿龙鳞金甲，肩披龙纹披风，手扶镇海宝剑，足践双蛇，迎风伟坐于海心浪涛之巅。

他，护卫国士，威镇海疆。燮理阴阳，润泽万物，兴风布雨广利天下。给国家带来稳定，给人民带来吉祥。

八、小洞天

沿林荫步道继续前行，过南海龙王别院，但见一块大若房屋、状若海贝的巨石，一面临山，一面负水，周围分布着形态各异、大小不一的岩石，这便是著名的“小洞天”景点，意为神仙居住的福地。

公元1247年，南宋郡守毛奎发现此地并命名。

“小洞天”景观呈牛角形，深28米，洞上巨石如丘，顶上可容数人坐立。巨石正面摩崖石刻大书“小洞天”三字，侧面(靠海面)书“钓台”二字及郭沫若的题诗，“小洞天”、 “钓台”摩崖石刻均为毛奎亲题。

“小洞天”三字摩崖下方，有一天然的洞穴。

进洞时须弯腰弓背才能进入。

进入洞中，看入口，恍若一个心形口。

由洞中坡形梯道可从巨石顶部而出，令人叹为观止。

郭沫若1962年游览时所赋长诗《游崖县鳌山》石刻，诗中将这里誉为“南溟奇甸”。

站在小洞天，眺望海上航标塔。

九、福寿南山

由“小洞天”过电瓶车道，沿登山台阶向上，但见林木掩映处，左边一块碑上红字大书一“寿”字，右边一块巨石上红字大书“南山”二字，中间有一棵翠绿的大树，树下是一块小石卧伏于“南山”巨石之下。

相传左边“寿”字碑为清朝慈禧太后御笔，右边“南山”二字为著名书法家赵朴初书写。

在此景点拍照，需2人或2人以上同时伸出手和脚，正好组成一个人形“比”字，寓意“寿比南山”。

十、“寿”字碑

此寿字传为北宋道士陈抟所书，全国多处景点有此字的碑刻。这个字由人、寿、年、丰四字组成，构思巧妙，寓意寿比南山。十一、南山不老松

再沿登山台阶向上，有一景点称“南山不老松”。

经看介绍得知，这里的不老松实为一种名为龙血树的植物，树龄可达万年，是世界上罕见的长寿树，有植物中的活化石之称，被世界教科文组织列入植物保护名录，是中国二级保护珍贵树种。

三亚大小洞天区域分布着3万株这种形似松而不是松的巨树，株株根树相抱，似一尊尊盘腿而坐的老寿星(最老的至少达五、六千年的树龄)，与这块人寿福泽的宝地共同抒写了“寿比南山不老松”的千古福愿，构成了国内独一无二的自然文化奇观。

十二、海山奇观

十三、石船

沿着曲曲弯弯的山路，在树荫下穿行，忽然，见有一船形石头横卧路边，头尖尾宽，石头上面还真有“石船”二字，系南宋淳熙十三年(1186)，吉阳军周康刻写的。

清康熙年间，崖州训导卢轺曾赋《石船》诗一首，诗曰：依稀一石似扁舟，长泊南山小洞天。风送雨声惊过浪，月移林影讶乘流。中虚不载江湖物，外实无烦斧凿修。借问茫茫名利客，往来频度几时休。

十四、题词

由海岸前行，还有一处题词摩崖石刻，是1993年4月，在海南三亚市视察时的题词：“碧海连天远，琼崖尽是春”。

十五、老子望海

十六、南极仙翁

南极仙翁是中国人心目中的寿星公。

看，一个慈眉善目长髯飘洒胸前、额头高耸的寿星老南极仙翁，手捧一枚硕大仙桃喜笑颜开的坐在那里。

山头上还有一尊依山雕刻的寿星头像也格外醒目。

十七、《观海》石刻

在山脚摩崖石壁上，刻着诗人罗门的一首长诗《观海》，并用红色颜料把字体描红，使游客看得更清楚。

罗门是中国台湾地区著名诗人，祖籍海南文昌。1974年就被印度世界诗学会授予"东亚杰出的勃朗宁夫妇"称号。20xx年再回故乡游览大小洞天时，将他的诗作《观海》赠与景区，景区将他的长诗《观海》刻在大小洞天海角的岩石上。抄录几句：

你饮尽一条条江河，你醉成满天风浪。

浪是花瓣，大地能不缤纷。

浪是翅膀，天空能不飞翔。

浪波动起伏，群山能不心跳。

若放声吟诵，立在天地间，心怀能不跌宕，灵魂能不飞扬?

浪来浪去，浪来浪去，你吞进一颗颗落日，吐出朵朵旭阳。

十八、海湾、海滩

这里蔚蓝的天空，幽绿的大海，婆娑的椰林，以及海浪撞击成形态各异的海岸礁石，组成了独一无二的山、海、石，热带海岸常绿雨林生态景色。

这里，崖州湾弧弦百里，碧波万倾;鳌山云深林翠，岩奇洞幽;海岸遍布神工鬼斧，肖形状物之大小磊群;山海之间宛如一幅古朴雄壮的长卷画图。

赤楼的建筑特色今日的赤?楼已完全看不出当年荷兰人所建的“普罗民遮城”的模样，文昌阁与海神庙两座红瓦飞檐的中国传统建筑是赤?楼的标记，海神庙位于南面，文昌阁位于北面，二者屋顶均是重檐歇山的表现，重檐之间实即为二楼部分，绕以绿釉花瓶栏杆;文昌阁前的石马后方有一个门洞，就是当年普罗民遮城的大门;目前赤?楼分三层，楼上以砖石砌成，有曲折的通道;楼上飞檐雕栏，赤?城楼下有九只大石龟各负丈余的石碑，是乾隆亲撰旌表平定林爽文之乱的御碑。此外还有别处迁来的断足石马、郑公墓道碑等古物，颇为特别。

另外，赤?楼还拥有广阔的庭园，除了可供游人散步以外，庭园中也摆设了多项历史文物，其中最引人注目的就是一字排开的御龟碑，驮着碑的其实并非龟，而是龙九个儿子之一，名为，传说中善?重物，因此常被用来做为碑的底座。开放时间： 白天：08：30~17：30 夜间：17：30~21：00 门票费用： 全票50、半票25 台南市市民凭身分证免费 团体票30人以上8折台南市中区民族路212号 公交车：搭乘台南市公交车5、88、99路，于赤?楼下。 自行开车：台南(仁德)交流道下，循182道县往台南市区经东门圆环取北门路再左转民族路直抵，全程约6.5公里。

我国景点英文版导游词

下面几篇范文是我国的景点英文版导游词，感兴趣的不妨看看怎么写吧，欢迎阅读借鉴，希望你们喜欢。

北京故宫博物院英文导游词

hello, everyone,

we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.

the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.

a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.

this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.

in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.

we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.

behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.

further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.

the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.

the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.

北京天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.

In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.

On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.

Tian’anmen Square

Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.

Around the Square are several famous buildings:

1 The Great Hall of the People

This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.

2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution

These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:

1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);

2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);

3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);

4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)

The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.

3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes

the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.

On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.

At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:

1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:

2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;

3) The Revolution of 1911;

4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;

5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;

6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;

7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;

8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.

4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum

Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.

The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.

Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.

In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.

On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.

Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.

河源苏家围英文导游词

The Sujiawei Hakka Village Tourism Zone is a must for tourists who are interested in the Hakka culture and customs.

Bordering Dongjiang River in the north and Jiushe River in the south, the village is located in the Heshui Township, 26km away from the city of Heyuan.

Today the village is described as a “picturesque village in south china”, featuring old trees and houses, wild lands, bamboos and fresh air. Also it has a profound cultural history and is said to be the habitat of descendants of Su Shi, who also known as Su Dongpo, a famous Chinese literate in Northern Song Dynasty. Hence All people living in the village now are surnamed “Su”.

It also provides some performances for travelers to get a better known of Hakka culture such as their wedding customs. You can take part in the producing lines of making bean curd, wine or oil; or enjoy yourself in activities like fishing, swimming and boating.

The first spot we encounter is the Yingqing Bridge, where has a panoramic view of Sujiawei. The bridge is a place to welcome all families, relatives and friends.

Here is purple perilla park. The purple perilla can be used as medicine to cure cold, or purple dye or cooking. The origin of this park is as follows: one day one of Su Shi’s offspring passed by this place, he dreamed five old men pointed a big tree and told him it is perilla tree. When he woke up, he found this place is full of perilla, and the environment is quite beautiful, so he thought the old men would like he move the Su clan here. So after he came back, he always mentioned this dream to his late generations. To fulfill his this dream, over 700 years ago, the Su clan moved here and Sujiawei started its story.

From this purple perilla park to Pool lips estate, is gallery of Hakka villages gender culture, which shows the Hakka people’s moral ideas and customs, they think everything has two opposite extremes like negative and positive. In Hakka dialect, have a boy baby is named “tian deng”, the same pronunciation as “add a lantern”. So in Chinese lantern festival, any family which has a new boy baby will hang a big lantern in their ancestors’ shrine.

Later we will visit Sugong Shrine Yongsi Hall, Guanghua hall, Su school and Yi Jiang temple. You may find the Hakka architecture is well preserved here. These ancient buildings are square flat houses with dark blue bricks and roof tiles that belong to the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The oldest house, Yongsi Hall, was built in 1481 in memory of Su Dongshan, the eighth-generation descendant of Su Dongpo and as a place for the villagers to worship their ancestors and discuss important affairs.

Now we walk along the Dongjiang river and enjoy the Hakka folk music. At the riverside you see bamboo everywhere. Su Dongpo loved bamboo, he once said “I can eat without meat, but I can not live without bamboo. No meat to eat only makes me thin; but live without bamboo makes me vulgar”!

Walking so long time, are you a bit tired and thirsty? Let’s go to Her Workshops to taste Hakka traditional snacks and tea. There are tea leaf, sesame, peanut, red jujube and longan in the tea. Do you taste them?

Ok, after a break, we go to experience traditional Hakka wedding performance. If you are lucky to be chosen and act as the bridegroom, you will be invited to the stage and join their show.

The village also preserves many slogans printed on the walls during 1950s to 1970s, which are silent witnesses to Chinese modern history.

Do you see the big bamboo hats holding by bamboo sticks in line? It is farm four seasons gallery. On the bamboo hats marked farming planting and harvesting dates and festivals.

Finally we have 15-minutes free activity in the countryside vegetable fields. You may like farmers to pick fruits, vegetables you like in the fields.

一阵激烈的战争重现后，我们又到了“石门水库”，它因水库位于石门沟而得名。1973年为解决辉县市西北地区干旱缺水状况，在原上八里乡的一座小型水库基础上，辉县人们用了一年半的时间，修起了库容3000万立方米的中型水库，该水库坝高90米，基宽80米，坝顶宽5.5米，坝长291米。就地取材，红石浆砌，蔚为壮观。丰水季节，水面达10余里，碧水微波，千尺深泓，堪称高峡平糊。

让我们现在来到水库西侧的丹壁崖下看个究竟吧!这里便是“三龛”，内凹30余丈成龛形的洞天福地，远看三龛，实有五龛，龛龛相连。简称一龛井二龛塔，三龛里面住菩萨，四龛娘娘楼，五龛老雕窝。说的是一龛内有一庙，旁有一方圣井，水清见底，旱不涸，涝不溢。二龛有一明代砖塔，塔高10米有余，造型别致，巧夺天工，现塔毁，基存。三龛更为深括俊秀，山门上题有“云峰寺”三个大字，创建于宋，兴废不知何时。明嘉靖年间重修时，基址拓宽，先后建殿堂楼阁十几座，房舍30余家，原名云峰庵，后改名云峰寺，屡有重建。北岸有一悬泉，注入殿前池中，犹如苍龙吐珠，十分壮观。四龛内有一巨石铺地，如姑娘之秀楼。五龛内有一可两人合抱的老雕窝，相传几百年前形成，悬立与绝壁半腰，常见苍鹰盘旋，乌鸦成群，别有一番情趣。

现在，我们再来认识一下黑老潭，它位于松树坪村南二里许的石门水库内，潭长14余里，宽5-6米，深不可测，水呈黛色，故叫黑老潭。听说常有一黑婆婆出入水面，故又叫黑老婆潭。

新乡八里沟导游词3

啊!那边的猕猴欢蹦乱跳地来了!你一定不禁会问：“这可能是到了猕猴自然保护区吧!”的确，这位于石门沟西部的便是猕猴自然保护区。自然保护区东西长16华里，沟内丛林密布，景色清幽，南峰北岭，山势峻峭，林木茂密，溪流潺潺，常有成群的猕猴出没其间，据说有七、八群，每群几十只到百只不等，各有势力范围，外敌不得侵犯。一群猴的活动范围几十公里，冬春多在岭头，夏秋多在溪边避暑、抢食。为保护猕猴，划分猕猴自然保护区，目前这里的猕猴是地球上纬度最北端的猕猴。

经过了美丽风景的侵染，一阵长途跋涉，现在我们又到了抱犊桥。抱犊桥位于松树坪西二里许。有一桥横跨河水之上，桥名抱犊桥，河为抱犊河。相传西汉末年，此地有一个名叫马武的牧童，每天要赶着牛过河到对面山坡上放牧，怕牛犊太小被水淹死，便抱在怀里过河。小牛渐渐长成了大牛，马武仍天天抱着牛过河，不知不觉之间力气大增，成为方圆百里闻名的大力士。忘莽夺取政权后，马武便追随刘秀与王莽作战，成为刘秀手下一员得力战将。马武做官后，常记起从前抱犊过河不易，就出钱命人在河上建起了一座小桥，方便群众过往，后人就把他抱牛经过的着条河叫做抱犊河，称此桥为抱犊桥。

现在请大家和我一起下山，一同去领略八里沟大瀑布这一胜景!八里沟大瀑布，因位于八里沟而得名，又因瀑布的豁口如龙口，又称龙口瀑布。瀑布落差157米，雨季宽20米左右，平时有5米左右，一年四季水流不断。一挂飞瀑，凌虚而下，咆哮奔腾，山鸣谷应，飞珠溅玉，异彩纷呈，磅礴多姿，气势恢弘，被誉为“华北第一瀑”。远望素帛飘渺，节节下泻;近看明珠闪烁，白帐飘落，身临瀑下凉气袭人，使人有“赤日行空午不识，炎热酷暑汗自收”之感。该瀑布还有一个最大奇观。若天气晴朗，阳光直射(上午8点-下午2点)可以看到10余米高的彩虹，七彩俱全，十分壮观。正如清代大学士孙诠所说：“访其侧下悬崖坐，贪看飞泉不肯行。”而瀑布下方的青龙潭因瀑布落入潭中，泛起波涛，似青龙出入水面而得名。

广州光孝寺位于广州市光孝路109号，是岭南历史最为悠久，影响最为深广，规模最为宏大的寺院。寺址本是西汉南越王赵佗玄孙赵建德的府第。三国时，吴国骑都尉、易学家虞翻被流放南海，居此讲学，时人称为“虞苑”。因苑中多植苛子树，又称“苛林”。东晋隆安年间(397—401年)，译佛教重要论典《舍利弗阿毘昙》的罽宾国(今克什米尔)高僧昙摩耶舍在此创建佛殿，名王苑朝延寺，俗称王园寺。

光孝寺位于广州人民公园之北，占地三万平方米，是全国重点文物保护单位。该寺已有一千五百多年历史，广州有"未有羊城，先有光孝"一说，此话虽未必正确，但该寺是广东最古老的建筑之一。

该寺始建于三国，寺名屡变，至南宋绍兴二十一年(1151年)而定今名。唐代仪凤元年(676)高僧慧能在寺中戒坛前菩提树下受戒，开辟佛教南宗，被称为“禅宗六祖”，为该寺增添了不朽的光彩。此后殿宇日多，对中国佛教的发展有一定的影响。

南京夫子庙导游词

位于南京市健康路以南，主要指的是孔庙、学宫、贡院三 大建筑群，看看下面的导游词吧!

南京夫子庙导游词【1】

各位朋友，大家好!欢迎光临南京夫子庙。

夫子庙地处城南秦淮河畔，地理位置优越，交通十分方便，是南京人引以为自豪的历史遗迹和旅游景点，是新兴的文化、商业、游览中心和庙市合一的繁华之地。

夫子庙，又叫孔庙、文庙，是祭祀我国著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。

孔子在古代被人们尊称为孔夫子，故其庙宇俗称“夫子庙”。

由于儒学的正统地位，它的创始人孔子备受封建社会历朝历代的统治者和士子们的尊崇，祀奉他的孔庙遍布全国各地，有的地方还不只一个。

夫子庙作为封建士子崇拜的场所，大多与教育设施(如学宫、贡院等)布置在一起，即所谓的庙附于学，一般是在学宫的前面或一侧。

历史上，南京城区的夫子庙曾有三处，一处在今市政府大院内，另一处在朝天宫。

现在我们要参观、游览的，是第三处，也是最有名气的一处。

它是宋景佑元年(1034年)从朝天宫迁来的，初为建康府学，元为集庆路学，明初为国学，后为应天府学，清迁出府学，改为江宁、上元两县学。

咸丰年间毁于兵火，同治年间(1869年)重建，抗战中为日军焚毁。

现存夫子庙为80年代初重建。

它采用前庙后学，孔庙在前，学宫在后，后来设立的贡院被布置在学宫的左侧。

因此，南京夫子庙比较完整的格局包括三部分，即孔庙、学宫、贡院。

以大成殿为中心的南北中轴线及两侧的主要建筑和以明远楼为中心的江南贡院陈列馆成为夫子庙地区最主要的旅游观光点。

夫子庙地区由于悠久的历史、方便的水上交通，使其在夫子庙出现之前，就已成为古代南京比较有名的“佳丽地”和名士聚居地，因此除了以上所述主要景点外，还有吴敬梓故居、古桃叶渡、萃苑、百年老店一条街、文德桥、王谢故居、乌衣巷、媚香楼等景点。

现在我们已站在夫子庙中轴线的起点部分—夫子庙广场。

环顾四周，南有泮池、照壁、木坊，东西两侧有聚星亭、魁光阁及商业区，北有中轴线上主要建筑大成殿和分布于孔庙东西两侧的东、西二市，形成了夫子庙地区区别于其他城市孔庙的独特氛围，即历史上形成的庙市合一的格局。

请看广场前的这一条河，它叫秦淮河，是南京人民的母亲河，全长110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。

流经广场的这一段是内秦淮河的一部分，建庙时被改造为泮池，因曲阜孔庙泮水流过而得名。

南岸的一堵红墙，是建于明万历(1575年)年间的大照壁，长达110米，气势磅礴，为全国照壁之最。

照壁起遮蔽和装饰作用，是整个夫子庙建筑群的开始。

泮池北岸石栏则为明正德(1514年)年间所建，是历经了沧桑变迁之后，成为夫子庙建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品，抗战前曾加以修整。

游人至此，凭栏小憩，观览秦淮秀色，心旷神怡。

泮池西侧的文德桥现为汉白玉桥。

因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。

因为桥向与子午线方向一致，所以每逢农历11月15日子时左右，皓月当空，凭栏俯视，在桥的两边分别可看到桥影将河中明月分成两个半月，被称为“文德分月”。

吴敬梓在《儒林外史》一书中就有记述，如果您有机会的话，不妨在农历11月15日来文德桥边看一看。

文德桥南乌衣巷口的一组徽派建筑群，为“王谢古居”。

作为东晋豪族王谢两大家族聚居区，影响比较大，尤其是唐刘禹锡名作《乌衣巷》的诗句，使乌衣巷、王谢旧居变得非常有名，现为“南京六朝历史文化陈列馆。“大家有时间可以进去参观参观。

现在我们看石栏北侧是新复建的天下文枢坊，表明此处为天下文化中心。

三门四柱，颇为壮观。

在古代，它与后面的棂星门对应，用于帝王出巡朝圣祀孔，中间高门坊是皇帝幸临的御道，左右供郡亲王出入，一般的官员臣民不能通行，因而平时都用木栅栏封闭起来。

庙前广场西侧的聚星亭，六角飞檐、古朴大方，外表看双重飞檐翘角，貌似两层结构，其实只有一层，亭名取群星聚集、人才荟萃之意。

再请看东边，临水而立的小院子是魁光阁，阁内的魁星亭，三层六面，下临秦淮，景致独特。

古有“奎主文章”之说。

奎星即魁星，是文运兴旺之兆，是科举时试夺魁的象征，因而魁星被历代学子奉为神灵。

魁光阁与聚星亭东西犄角相望，互为呼应，融为一体。

庙前广场北面的石砌坊门，是孔庙第一道大门—棂星门，六柱三门，古朴优美，中间横楣刻有篆文“棂星门”。

棂星是古代天文学中的“文星”，取名之由是要表示天下文人学士集学于此的意思。

三门之间镶嵌有牡丹图案的砖刻浮雕，精雕细琢，美仑美奂。

石柱顶端皆用云板，即华表之意，作为一种标志。

此乃皇帝祭孔的仪门。

走过棂星门，我们就来到大成殿的大成门前。

大成门，又称戟门，是夫子庙的正大门，两旁为持敬门。

封建时代只有官员可以由大成门出入，一般士子只能从旁门进出。

进入门内，左右分别树有四块古碑：东边有元至顺二年(1331年)的《封至圣夫人碑》和(封四氏碑)，西边有公元1330年的残碑《集庆孔子庙碑》和由市政府迁来的甫齐永明二年(484年)的《孔于问礼图碑》。

以《孔子问礼图碑》为著。

院落甬道两旁排列了孔子十二门生中的八位，即闵损、冉耕、冉求、端木赐、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由，均由汉白玉雕刻而成，状甚虔诚，栩栩如生。

向前看，大成殿前的平台为丹墀，俗称露台，高1.4米，东西宽21.8米，南北长“14.0米，四周围以石栏，有云头望柱24根，台前两角设有石灯笼。

此露台用作祭祀和歌舞。

露台中央的孔于雕像格外引入注目，青铜质地，达4.18米，重乙37吨，做工精细，维妙维肖，体态丰盈，面部慈祥、深沉，眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智，给人留下非常深刻的印象。

露台两旁原是两庑，是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位和存放祭祀、仪礼、佾舞用具的处所。

现缩为小两庑，改为碑廊，陈列有赵朴初、林散之、武中奇等著名书法家墨迹的碑石30余块，供游人欣赏。

露台尽头即为巍峨庄严的夫子庙主殿—大成殿，高16.22米，宽27.3米，进深27.9米，是重槽歇山顶的仿古建筑。

正面屋檐下海蓝色竖匾，上书“大成殿”。

孔子为“大成至圣先师”，“大成”当指孔子。

“大成”一词，源出《札记.学记》，是学习的最高境界。

又见于《孟子.万章》。

“孔子，圣之时者也。

孔子之谓集大成。

”屋脊鸱吻中有造型精美的“双龙戏珠”立雕，这在国内同类建筑中属首创之作;屋面覆盖青色小瓦所体现的轻秀之势，与北方孔庙屋面采用黄色琉璃瓦的富丽恢宏之势明显不一样，更显随和、入俗之意，这亦是南京夫子庙更接近俗文化的表现之一，亦或称之为“入乡随俗”吧。

整座建筑重檐飞翘，斗拱交错，气势雄伟;殿堂七楹，殿廊环立26根仿木圆柱;前后花格长门16扇，内殿藻井枋檩，素雅肃穆。

殿中央陈列有高6.5米、宽3.5米的国内最大的孔子画像，画像前二侧还有12位门生中的另4位，即孟子，孔汲，曾参、颜回，前面还陈列有柷、琴、卧箜篌，编磬，编钟、古筝、鼓等古代乐器。

四周墙壁悬挂了38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，称为“孔子圣迹图”，是由浙江乐清2OO匠师采用取自浙江、福建，内蒙古、辽宁、青海、广西、广东等省(区)的内玉石，鸡血冻、寿山石，翡翠绿、周村冻等石中名晶及黄金、珠宝、罗钿等贵重的珠宝饰件，耗3年之功雕成，总投资580万元人民币。

画面采用中国古典全景式构图方式，辅以考证有据的细部描述，做工精细，色泽自然，富有立体感，给人以逼真神奇之感。

每幅面高2.5米，宽1.3米，画中 共有人物408位，造型面目自然、栩栩如生。

38幅壁画分别是圣迹之图、题首前言、尼山致祷、麒麟玉书、二龙五老、钧天降圣、俎豆学礼、职司委吏、命名荣贶、职司乘田、问礼老聃、在齐闻韶、晏婴沮封、退修诗书、夹谷会齐、归田谢过、诛少正卯;女乐文马、因膰去鲁。

匡人解围。

丑次同车之一，丑次同车之二、宋人伐木、楛矢贯隼、适卫击磬、学琴师襄、西河返驾、灵公问陈、子路问津、在陈绝粮、子西沮封、作歌丘陵，杏坛礼乐、跪受赤虹、西狩获麟、梦奠两楹、治任别归、汉高祀鲁。

体现了孔子“万世师表”的光辉典范形象，这恰如殿中对联所写“气备四时兴天地鬼神日月合其德;教垂万世继尧舜禹汤文武作之师“。

真乃谓“德侔天地道贯古今，删述六经垂宪万世”。

由大成殿东庑北门出，经东市即进入学宫区。

东市和西市是由原来进出学宫的东、西甬道改成，用作秦淮河上往返船只经销商品的场所，现已成为夫子庙地区最具特色的工艺美术晶、文化用品销售场所和文化活动场所。

学宫是封建时代培养人才的场所，有不同层次，如县学、府学(路学、州学等)和国学，都与孔庙毗邻，以示儒学立国，修身的正统地位。

学宫包括明德堂、尊经阁、敬一亭、崇圣祠和青云楼等单体建筑。

走进学宫大门，就是古风盎然的明德堂，是士子们每月朔、望日朝圣(即孔子)之后，集中听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕(伦理和政府法令)的场所，以培养学子们忠君爱国的思想。

对于明德堂的名称，可能有的游客要问，各地夫子庙建筑群中只有“明伦堂”，何以南京夫子庙例外，叫作“明德堂”?确实，南京夫子庙内，明德堂原来也称“明伦堂”，只是当年元军即将攻克南京之时，身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥，为了表明他宁死不屈的决心，亲自手书，改“明伦堂”为“明德堂”以明效忠国家、报效民众之志气，故保留至今。

明德堂后的尊经阁，始建于明朝中期，高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，气象非凡，是当年存放儒家典籍、教谕讲课的讲堂，现为民俗风情陈列馆。

与尊经阁并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云楼，尊经书院分置尊经阁后两边。

崇圣祠祀孔子父母，现为梨园;青云楼清时改为图书馆;尊经书院为讲课之所，相当于现在的教室。

尊经阁后小高地，叫卫山，建有敬一亭，天下文庙皆有敬一亭始于明嘉靖时，亭内立皇帝御题的“敬一箴”，作为生员士子的座右铭。

所谓“敬一”就是对孔学的敬业之意。

游完学宫，向东过贡院西街走数十米，就是江南贡院。

利用这一段时间，我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。

夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外，还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。

其一，南京人向有过灯节的习俗，六朝时期佛兴灯旺，作为帝王之都的南京，每至元宵节，灯火满市井，为全国之冠。

明朝时放灯时间延长，正月初八为上灯节。

十八日为落灯节，是我国历史上为时最长的灯节，那时南京人几乎“家家走桥，人人看灯”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京灯节都极为隆重，以夫子庙地区为最盛。

建国以后，夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下，每年的正月，夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯，前来观赏的人群络绎不绝，熙熙攘攘，煞是壮观，其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多，在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。

其二，夫子庙除了它的文化特色外，其商业文化也比较发达，首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值，其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场，体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。

夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。

其三，夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地,随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新，各种茶食店铺，摊贩小吃，应有尽有，成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。

从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面，风味饮食店就有数十家之多。

可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异;东西南北各有千秋。

最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等，风味名点和小吃有数百种，极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。

好，我们已到了始建于1168年的江南贡院遗址。

江南贡院是专门用来考试的场所，起初规模并不大，只供府、县学考试之用。

明初乡试、会试集中在此举行。

后贡院规模扩大，待到清朝，正式定名为江南贡院，已经是规模空前，形成东起姚家巷，西至学宫、孔庙，南临秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整体，其号舍达两万多个，在当时全国贡院中首屈一指。

民国之后，贡院冷落，只有明远楼等，作为历史文物被保留下来。

我们现在看到的明远楼，上下三层，四四方方，飞檐出甍，面面皆窗，它本是贡院举行考试期间用来警戒和发号施令之所。

如今楼下拱门内保留的明、清和民国年间的石碑，详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史。

为有效地保存封建时代科举考场的情景，80年代中期，有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”，复建了以“千字文”命名的部分号舍，陈列了神态各异的应试学子的塑像，供人们参观。

同时，游人们还可以亲自体会一下“金榜题名”的古趣。

各位朋友，您不想试一试?

游罢夫子庙的主要观光点，我们大概可以把夫子庙的特点归纳为以下两点。

第一，夫子庙是一个庙市合一的活动场所，这是其最大特色，而其他城市的孔庙建筑及其文化氛围通常与商业文明、市井文化相隔离。

在夫子庙，一方面是围墙内严谨的文化氛围;另一方面是围墙外、秦淮河两岸充满活力的商业文明，如工艺美术品、小商品、花鸟及现代商场、批销中心，以及业经去其糟粕、取其精华的俗文化，如传统的民风民俗—秦淮灯彩、秦淮风味小吃、云锦工艺、南京白局等，一应俱全，充分体现了夫子庙的繁华和与众不同。

学宫、孔庙与市场(东西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民风民俗等)和谐相处，高雅的儒学文化与通俗的市井文化、商业文化相互兼容、共同发展，形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二，夫子庙建筑布局中有许多中国之最。

如象征南京母亲河—秦淮河的长达110米的高大照壁，是全国最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的，是所有孔庙中独一无二的。

由此可知，秦淮河在夫子庙的历史演变过程中的影响是非常重要的。

南京夫子庙学宫明德堂的名称在全国也是少有的;大成殿“三宝”—孔子画像、雕像和孔子生平事迹壁画，堪称全国之最。

值得一提的是，由于南京夫子庙的与众不同，地方政府和国家旅游局自80年代以来，开发并形成了以夫子庙为中心的秦淮风光带。

在东起东水关、西迄西水关的十里秦淮，发掘出那些被历史湮没的秦淮胜迹，如瞻园、白鹭州、中华门城堡以及桃叶渡至镇淮桥一带的秦淮水上游和沿河景观，即所谓的“四点一线”，形成了集山水、园林、市街、河房河厅和民风民俗于一体的综合旅游区。

现已布局井然，初具规模，景致独特，美不胜收，成为全国旅游景区四十佳之一。

基于此，有关部门还开辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游线路和陆上游一条线，成为继“湖南路灯光夜市”后又一颗照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”，使得夜晚的南京城更显魅力。

各位朋友，夫子庙的游览就到此结束了，感谢大家的支持和合作!

南京夫子庙导游词【2】

各位游客。

在昨天的游程中，我为大家安排游览了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺，总统府旧址等名胜古迹。

今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。

秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。

它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。

【秦淮河的由来和历史变迁】

秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。

相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。

秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名“秦淮河”。

但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。

历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。

自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外“秦淮”。

内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。

河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。

唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。

古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。

早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。

迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。

六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。

东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作“栅塘”，既可御敌，又可防洪。

从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。

据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。

那时南京的大多集中在秦淮河两岸。

清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。

美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。

然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。

它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把“秦淮”当作南京的代名词。

【秦淮画舫—伴池—夫子庙照壁—庙前广场—棂星门】

各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。

每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。

这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。

当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句：“惜河中缺游船。

”皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。

从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。

尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。

难怪南京有“家家走桥，人人看灯”的民谚。

我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。

古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称“泮池”夫子庙导游词夫子庙导游词。

泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。

相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。

再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。

照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。

各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议：“治国以培育人才为重”，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。

原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。

所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。

夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。

现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。

请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。

这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。

现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。

左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。

建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。

这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。

广场正中的这座牌坊，叫“天下文枢坊”。

请大家继续随我往前走。

这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。

据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。

门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。

不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的夫子庙。

极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。

【大成门—大成殿—学宫】

各位游客：走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。

门内侧有石碑四块。

第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。

记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。

碑的上半部有“孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题”的题字。

图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有“永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流”的字样。

这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。

第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。

第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。

第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。

庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。

现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。

在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。

古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。

祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。

主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及“四配”(孔子高徒)、“十二哲”(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。

现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿——大成殿。

这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。

这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。

“大成”意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。

大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。

现在的大成殿已被辟为“南京乡土文化博物馆”。

请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。

门楣上方原来有“学宫”匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有“东南第一学”。

牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。

这四斋名称分别是“志道”、“据德”、“依仁”、“游艺”。

后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。

明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。

东墙有“卧碑”，就是训教的法规。

左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。

我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。

东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。

清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆夫子庙导游词导游。

这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。

各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群——贡院。

【贡院街—贡院—明远楼】

现在我们所站的地方便是贡院街，那条与贡院街相交的南北向街道就是贡院西街，贡院街北面就是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。

贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是县府考试场所。

明太祖朱元津定都南京后，这里成了乡试、会试场所。

明永一乐十九年(1421年)迁都北京，但南京仍作为陪都，加上江南又是人文基本之地，考试仍在这里按期举行。

明成祖继续派人建造江南贡院，明清两代对贡院不断扩建，到清光绪时，贡院规模之大，已成为当时23个行省的贡院之最。

对此，我只要告诉大家一个数字，你就可想而知了——到清代同治年间，已建供考试用的“号舍”有20644间，且还不包括司考官员、职司人员的办公住宿用房。

可惜现存贡院建筑已屈指可数，明远楼就是保存下来的贡院建筑之一，而其他大部分已被辟为市场。

现在，我们所见的这座三层建筑，就是明远楼了。

楼呈四方形，四面设窗，地处贡院中心，在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。

“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归原”，封建王朝教育士子以“孝梯忠义”为立身之本。

考生考完后，“金榜”就张贴在前面的贡院街

清末废除科举后，贡院也随之失去了原来的作用。

1919年除留下明远楼和一部分号舍建筑用以陈列历史文物外，其余一并拆除，辟为市场。

明远楼下的《金陵贡院遗迹碑》详细地记载了这一史实。

各位游客：关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。

如果大家有兴趣的话，可以去逛一下夫子庙的东市、西市，同时也可选购一些喜爱的工艺品和旅游纪念品，还可以去西街一带品尝夫子庙的风味小吃，夫子庙可谓是全国闻名的小吃荟萃之地。

江南百床馆，是中国第一家专门收藏、展出江南古床的博物馆，位于乌镇东大街210号，当地人又称赵家厅，面积约1200多平方米，内收数十张明、清、近代的江南古床精品。从富商大贾到极普通的平民百姓的各式木床无不具备，从一床一室到一床多室(床内备有化妆间、卫生间、仆人间等)。既有贵胄们的奢华，也有普通百姓的俭朴，此展览是中国床文化的集大成者。

馆内展示了：清代拔步千工床、小姐床、双龙足雕花架子床、明·马蹄大笔管式架子床和双喜、如意、带镜红木雕花床、嵌骨架子床等，数十张明、清及近代的古床精品。

这些床雕工精美、风格独特、装饰华丽、豪华气派，无一不是江南古床中的精品。它们也从一个侧面反映了我国劳动人民的高超工艺和丰富的艺术创造力。

明·马蹄足大笔管式架子床等，采用木架构造形式，造型简洁、朴素，比例均衡，并强调家具形体的线条形象，体现了明快的艺术风格，同时充分利用硬木的色泽和纹理特点，不事雕琢，多用原木漆，浑然天成;

清拔步千工床等床，这批床材质优良，工艺复杂，制作精良，是木雕床中的精品，其中清·拔步千工床被誉为“镇馆之床”，用料为黄杨木，长217公分，深366公分，高292公分，前后共有三叠，此床历时3年方才雕成，用工千余，故有其名。

这些雕工精美、历史悠久的古床在江南百床馆里可谓目不暇接，它们有的雕工精湛、风格独特，有的装饰华丽、豪华气派，无一不是江南木床中的精品。不由人不由衷地感叹中国文化的博大精深。同时它们也从一个侧面反映了我国劳动人民的高超工艺，对艺术的感悟及对结构造型的丰富想象力。

看百床馆，并不在于穷究其到底能收容下多少数量，而在于细细品味那一张张床上所加载的丰厚历史与生活内涵。或求平安、或求多嗣。

当床也能被如此雕琢的时候，人一定是平和与幸福的，这就是古老中国人的心境。

有关重庆著名景点的导游词

重庆是中国西南地区融贯东西，汇通南北的综合交通枢纽。其江北机场居中国内陆“十大”空港之一，果园港为国内规模最大河铁公水联运港区。下面由小编来给大家分享有关重庆著名景点的导游词，欢迎大家参阅。

有关重庆著名景点的导游词1

渣滓洞在重庆市乐歌山麓，距白第宅2.5公里，原为人工采掘的小煤窑，因渣多煤少而得名。1939年，军统特务逼死矿主，攻克煤窑及矿工住房，改设为牢狱。白第宅 白第宅原为四川军阀白驹的旷野别墅。

白第宅1943年“中美相助所”创立后，白第宅曾改为来华丽武士员招待所，到1945年又作为出格看管所从头关人。至解放前夕，关押的除息峰牢狱取消后转移来的“政治犯”如黄显声、许晓轩等二十余人外，尚有重庆行辕二处第二看管所寄押的刘国志、周从化、周均时、张泽后等三十人。白第宅原是四川军阀白驹的旷野别墅。1939年军统特务头子戴笠为审判，关押的保密起见，将其选中为军统局本部直属看管所!

这里因小说《红岩》和“11·27大奋斗”而众人皆知，每年的11月27日，重庆市民城市自发组织前来这里凭吊，眷念那些在这里葬送的义士。

1940年9月6日，重庆被定为百姓当局陪都之后，军统局也随之迁往重庆，并在歌乐山下将原四川军阀白驹的香山别墅改建为白第宅牢狱，最多时白第宅内曾关押有200多名政治犯，先后有同济大学校长周均时、爱国将领黄显声、廖承志、宋绮云佳偶及幼子“小萝卜头”被关押在白第宅内。与白公.馆相隔不远的渣滓洞本来是采煤的煤窑，因渣多煤少而得名.1943年军统将其改革为看管所后分为表里两院，先后关押了、许建业等革命者，最多时曾有300多人。

1949年11月下旬，解放军逼至重庆江津，11月27日深夜，渣滓洞内关押的200多名革命者被锁在8间牢房内，遭到百姓党特务用机和卡宾的扫射并放火点火渣滓洞，最终只有15人脱险，个中包罗《红岩》的作者罗广斌，这一幕被后裔称为"11·27"大惨案震惊中外。现在的渣滓洞和白第宅地址的歌乐山彼苍松翠柏，附近青山如画，但置身其间却令民气中布满抑制，一股对先烈的惦记与崇拜神色油然而生。

有关重庆著名景点的导游词2

山谷景区位于重庆市万盛区黑山镇境内，距万盛城区20公里，距离重庆主城区110公里。被专家誉为“渝黔生物基因库”，是目前重庆地区最大的、原始生态保护最为完好的自然生态风景区。黑山谷风景区原始生态风景由峻岭、峰林、幽峡、峭壁、森林、竹海、飞瀑、碧水、溶洞、仿古栈道、浮桥、云海、田园、原始植被、珍稀动植物等各具特色的景观组成。

从景区大门进入，沿河而下至响水村一段，河谷宽约40--50米，沿河有平缓地，上面是森林和山地，呈阶梯状地形河谷断面呈“V”字形，河面狭窄。以下河段宽度一般约20米，有的河段仅几米，其中，鱼跳峡、野猪峡、猴跳峡，最宽不足10米，最窄处仅两米，采取浮桥、吊桥方式通行，极负挑战性。黑山谷顶底高度在400-600米之间，河谷两岸谷坡陡直，坡度一般在70-80度，部分坡岸直立在90度以上，高在1200米左右，其形象奇妙无比。

漫步景区，黑山大佛、夜郎公主峰、九曲画屏、白玉观音、石剑峰，石皇伞、隐佛崖、骆驼西行、黑猴迎宾、飞云瀑、神龙瀑等数十个迷人的景点景观令人目不暇接，流连忘返。黑山谷风景区随春、夏、秋、冬四季更迭而各显奇妙佳景。春天，高山杜鹃、野生大茶花、珙桐花竞相绽放，百鸟争鸣，使景区充满无限生机，如诗如画，是回归自然，探奇揽胜的良好去处;夏天，万山叠翠，山静水幽，是远离喧嚣，休闲避暑的胜地;秋天，这里山色如黛，层林尽染;冬天，云雾迷漫，素湍绿潭，一如娴静羞涩的神女。

有关重庆著名景点的导游词3

金刀峡自然风景区位于重庆直辖市北碚区华蓥山西南麓。海拔825米，距重庆市中心九十公里。是一处新进发现的保持着原始风貌的神奇峡谷。以上亿年的峡谷幽壑景观为主;以岩溶景观为辅;兼有大量地质上称作壶穴的碧玉串珠的深潭绝景。

金刀峡地势雄伟，以峡著险、以林见秀、以岩称奇、以水显幽。金刀峡长约6.2公里，分上下两段。上段由于喀斯特地质作用，地面切割强烈，金刀神工般形成了独特的峡谷沟壑。石壁如削、两山岈合，垂直高度超过百米。上有古藤倒挂、下有潺潺流水。下段由于流水侵蚀力的作用，有洞穴群生，潭潭相 连，飞泉瀑布层层叠叠，石钟乳、石笋、石柱更是千姿百态、变化万千。堪 称全国之最的十里峡谷栈道，让人惊赞不已。凭栈探幽，您将感悟那蕴藏于大自然山水之间的天地灵气。被游客誉为“中国第一险峡”，“金刀归来不看 峡”。

传说峡中有一把金刀，每当夜晚时分，金光闪闪照耀峡谷，金刀峡因此而得名。

元朝末年，华蓥山下有一壮士--张昆，其人勇武过人，好打抱不平，颇有侠士风范。

此人早年靠采薪伐木为生，时常出没于华莺山的深山老林之中。一日，张昆进山砍柴，迷失于一峡谷之中。当夜正值月圆，一轮满月徐徐升起，柔柔的月光轻轻地泻进峡中。张昆正陶醉于此情此景，只见峡中深处有一事物在月光映照之下发出金灿灿的光辉。张昆艺高胆大，见此异象，更是要探个究竟。走近一看，原来是一把插入峡壁岩石的金刀。张昆暗自思量：今日迷路于此，原来是同此刀有缘。遂上前拔刀，不想纹丝不动嵌在石缝中的金刀竟被轻轻抽 出。张昆大喜：天赐金刀，定是将大任于我也!天明之后，张昆凭此刀披荆斩棘，终得以出峡。

自此，张昆胸怀大志，勤读诗书，苦练武艺。时值元末，天下大乱，张昆加入一山贼组织，该组织专干打家劫舍、杀人越货的勾当。张昆对此深为不满，常表露于言语之中，而山大王朱五贪图张昆所携金刀，正欲借机将之除去，将金刀占为己有，不想山大王及其心腹技不如人，反被张昆所杀，众喽罗便推张昆为首 领。张昆带领众山贼从此洗心革面，劫富济贫，在华蓥山一带威振一方。

时值明玉珍在重庆建夏反元，夏王明玉珍久慕张昆的勇名，便授以都尉之衔将壮志未筹的张昆招入帐 下。张昆智勇双全，加之吹毛断发的金刀在手更是如虎添翼，在战阵之上跃马扬刀，所向披靡，立下赫赫战功，很快成为夏王战下头号猛将，被夏王赐与别号“张金刀”。当时，夏国初立，元将阿那赤屯重兵于涪 洲，对重庆虎视眈眈，夏王为改变此被动局面，便先发制人，挥师东下，决心一战定江山。两军在今涪陵蔺市陷入胶着状态，仅隔一桥相持，夏国劳师远袭，相持日久，士气日渐低靡，情况笈笈可危，夏王明玉珍愁白了头。一日，张昆骑马上高坡观察敌情，见敌军阵营之中皆是马已上鞍，即将发动马队的冲击，蒙古铁骑素以来去如风，骤如山丘，散如秋雨，冲击之时势如破竹闻名天下。张昆见此危急状况，立刻组织了三百勇士，俱是头顶铁盔，身披铜甲，手持狼牙棒，伏于桥头两侧。只见元军铁骑呼啸而来三百猛士突然涌 出，在桥头处，猛挥狼牙棒力劈马腿，只见马腿血肉横飞桥头，骑兵纷纷，整齐的马阵立时大乱，在桥头互相践踏，拥作一团。

张昆见势，催动大队人马趁机掩杀，大获全胜。斩获敌军首领阿那刺，并顺势攻陷了涪洲。此战一举稳定了夏国疆土，张昆功勋卓著，明玉珍取“安得猛士守四方”之意，封其为“安得猛士将军”。自此，“张金刀”--张将军的威名名扬海内，张昆家乡的人们为纪念张将军就把当年张昆得宝峡谷称作了金刀峡。

惊魂台

进了山门，步行约五分钟便可看到一平台，长约5米，宽3米，站在台上往山崖下望去，确有触目惊魂之感，有恐高症的游客万不要走过去。相传解放战争时期，双老太婆派她队下十余人去解救被捕的共产党人，结果失败，被敌人围追至此，弹尽粮绝，他们一行十余人手挽手肩并肩跳下山崖，英勇救义，吓得敌人魂飞魄散，由此得名惊魂台。

神鹰沐浴

金刀峡上段入口处，右侧峡岩雄屹突兀，如一巨大鹰嘴头突入峡空，清澈泉水从鹰嘴洒淌而 下，使峡口显得特别荫凉滋润，森严壁垒，这就是金刀峡内第一胜景--神鹰峡。站在本道上，远观神鹰其鹰爪又幻化为一只俯视清潭的小鹰头，从它张开的嘴中流出晶莹剔透的珠串。这一大一小两个鹰嘴泉集于一 身，使得神鹰峡更加神奇壮丽。

悬天飞瀑

位天金刀峡上峡口右侧日照壁，山崖崴峨，笔直冲天。一股银白色的飞泉傍着雄伟的山势从天而降，瀑高约150米，宽10米左右。瀑口左面有一方形石洞，何人何时何因凿之无从考证。据当地一百岁老翁讲，曾有一远方老道在此修炼多年，后得道成仙，在某个久雨初晴的正午，驾一道彩虹而去。并说当年白莲教亦在此活动。

干旱时节

飞泉如银丝链串飘洒于天地之间;凉风拂过，泉水随风飘散，五光十色，如仙女散花一般，点点滴滴甚似好看;山雨过后，山洪入峡，泉如潮涌飞演直下，瀑布猛增达十余丈，瀑声震声天动地，如百鼓齐鸣，其势如虹，十分壮观厅特。因此瀑布随雨旱时节变化显著所以人们又称它为双面飞瀑。崖半有一横穿日壁的天然便道，瀑声如雷，震耳聋;水花飞油，空翠湿人衣;隔帘遥望，外面的世界更精彩。远砚飞瀑，气势磅礴，使人不禁想起李白的千古绝名：“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”

狮头峡

距神鹰峡不到200米就是金刀峡上段第二胜景狮头峡。此处峡岩突峙，形成幽窄深涧，栈道下溪流时而潺潺娓唱，时而如鼓咚响，栈道随峡崖急转弯处右岸，一巨大岩石突入峡空狮头下有一绿色深潭，潭水如玉翠般闪光。此峡又苍老的面容，犹如饱经沧桑的老人的脸，而其身上两层光滑柔顺的狮毛，又不可怀疑其狮王的身份。此峡为大自然的鬼斧神工所造就，在冥冥之中，与古埃及人工琢成的狮身人面遥相呼应。走进干回谷，为何右有神鹰左有雄狮镇守峡口呢?镇守干回谷的两兽乃是两神仙的坐骑，久居天庭二神仙多饮了几杯瑶池美酒，昏昏大睡。于是两兽便私入凡间，又为金刀峡美景所吸引，就留居此地，做了恩爱夫妻，过着男耕女织的幸福生活。不料两神仙酒醒后发现坐骑不在身边，便告知玉皇大帝，玉帝下旨召回天庭，两兽不从，玉帝大恕，便派天兵前来捉拿。夫妻二人与天兵大战千余回合，王母为二人的深情所感动，便向玉帝求情，玉帝乃命二人永镇干回谷，保此地平安。

弥勒佛

位于金刀峡下段中部右侧，凭栈观佛，其袒胸露肚，笑容可掬，好象正在重复他的名言：“笑 口常开、笑天下一切可笑之人，大肚难容、容天下一切难容之事。”逢阳光直射，则有一道七色彩虹横跨佛身，此谓佛光显现。佛经上讲，若遇佛光，必有好运。

老君醉酒

经过幽深曲折、串珠般的深潭，在下段区中部有一50余米的石龛。壁龛上小下大，上浅下深，龛底可容纳百余人。从龛顶坠落而下的一幅银帘，散珠溅玉，飘洒空际，好似天上的，醉倒了天上的神仙，这才有神仙坐骑私下凡间，享受人间天伦的故事。

景区内为峡谷地貌，四季凉爽。

有关重庆著名景点的导游词4

缙云山雄峙北碚区嘉陵江温塘峡畔，是七千万年前“燕山运动”造就的“背斜”山岭，古名巴山。山间白云缭绕，似雾非雾，似烟非烟，磅礴郁积，气象万千。早晚霞云，姹紫嫣红，五彩缤纷。古人称“赤多白少为缙”，故名缙云山。

佛教渊源:

缙云山是四川境内的佛教胜地之一，原有寺庙十多座，现存缙云寺、温泉寺。缙云寺坐落在“狮子”、“聚云”两峰之前，背依峻岭，前临幽谷，四周古木参天，翠竹成林，是一座雄伟壮观的深山古寺。它始建于南朝宋景平元年(420_年)，历代修葺扩建;盛极于宋，明末毁于兵火。现存庙宇是清康熙二十二年(1683年)重修。山上还有很多六朝和宋、明、清时代的古建筑和历史文物。1930年，佛门长者太虚上人得到川督刘湘的支持，在缙云寺内创办了“汉藏教理院”。次年正式定名为“世界佛学苑汉藏教理院”，由大虚上人任院长，并从拉萨、康定等延请罗桑呼克图、满智、超一等来此主教。一时“喇嘛来渝者，前后络绎不绝……”缙云山因此成为当时宏扬佛学的净土，而获得“小峨眉”美称。

名胜古迹:

"山如碧玉水如黛，云在青大月在松"，它雄峙于嘉陵江小三峡之温汤峡之西岸，与北温泉相邻，山上奇峰耸翠、林海苍茫、古木参大、古刹林立，集雄、险、奇、幽于一身，素有川东小峨嵋之称，为全国首批44个重点风景名胜区之一。绪云山风景秀丽、名胜古迹众多。缙云山从北到南有朝日峰、香炉峰、狮子峰、聚云峰、猿啸峰、莲花峰、宝塔峰、玉尖峰和夕照峰等九峰。其中玉尖峰最高，海拔1050米;狮子峰最险峻壮观，其余各峰亦各具风姿。

避暑胜地:

重庆与武汉、南京齐名，并称长江边的三座火城，每年夏季酷暑难当。令人望而生畏。位于重庆市北的缙云山，九峰挺立，雄秀不凡，因山高林密，云浓雾重，常温比市区约低5-7度，满山苍翠，清雅怡人，是重庆著名的避暑胜地。此外，这里还特产极具地方特色的缙云甜茶。

概述:

与嘉陵江小三峡、合川钓鱼城一并被定为国家级自然风景名胜区，位于北碚境内，距渝中区约60公里。是七千万年前“燕山运动”造就的“背斜”山岭，古名巴山。海拔900多米，最高处1030米。景区之内现有狮子、香炉、日照、猿啸、夕照、莲花、玉尖、宝塔、聚云九峰。其中玉尖峰最高，海拔1050米;狮子峰最险峻壮观，其余各峰亦各具丰姿。狮子峰是缙云山的主峰，峰顶狭窄，在一块比较平坦的岩石上，用铁栏杆围起一个览胜台。在这里往下看，是悬崖峭壁;往远处看，是峰峦起伏;山脚下，嘉陵江在缓缓流过。在狮子峰观日出、赏云海，其壮丽不让东岳泰山。缙云山有两万多亩森林，生长着1700多种亚热带植物，是四川著名的植物宝库和森林公园。其中有猴欢喜、无刺冠梨、缙云琼楠、伯乐树、银杏、红豆和飞蛾树等珍稀植物。山中还有世界罕见的活化石树——水杉，此树是1.6亿年前即存在的古生物物种。

雄峙北碚区嘉陵江温塘峡畔，是七千万年前“燕山运动”造就的“背斜”山岭，古名巴山。山间白云缭绕，似雾非雾，似烟非烟，磅礴郁积，气象万千。早晚霞云，姹紫嫣红，五彩缤纷。古人称“赤多白少为缙”，故名缙云山。缙云山与嘉陵江小三峡、合川钓鱼城一并被定为国家级自然风景名胜区。

缙云山从北到南有朝日峰、香炉峰、狮子峰、聚云峰、猿啸峰、莲花峰、宝塔峰、玉尖峰和夕照峰等九峰。其中玉尖峰最高，海拔1050米;狮子峰最险峻壮观，其余各峰亦各具风姿。

缙云山系全国自然保护区。该山气候温和，雨量充沛，有森林1300余公顷，生长着1700多种亚热带植物。其中有猴欢喜、无刺冠梨、缙云琼楠、伯乐树、银杏、红豆和果上长有两翅的飞蛾树等珍稀植物。山中还有世界罕见的活化石树—水杉，此树是1.6亿万年前即存在的古生物物种。

素有“小峨嵋”之称的缙云山，堪称观日出，览云海，夏避暑，冬赏雾，以及观赏常绿阔叶林自然景观的绝佳去处。

缙云山又是具有1500多年历史的佛教胜地。山中缙云寺，始建于南朝刘宋景平元年(420_年)，后曾称“相思寺”、“崇胜寺”、“崇教寺”，曾受到历代帝王封赐。寺中自古办学，名为“缙云书院”。寺内现存有宋太宗诵读过的24部梵经。寺外石照壁上“猪化龙”浮雕，为六朝文物。另有出土的石刻天王半身残像，据传是梁或北周作品.

有关重庆著名景点的导游词有5

大足石刻，位于重庆市大足县境内。大足石刻始于晚唐，历经五代而盛于两宋，是中国晚期石窟艺术中的忧秀代表。石窟多达76处，共有造像6万余躯，石刻铭文10万余字，总称大足石刻。其中，尤以北山摩崖石刻和宝顶山摩崖石刻最集中。

北山，即古龙岗山，共290龛窟。著名龛窟，如心神车窟，窟正中之皤龙“心神车”尤为奇伟。其间净宝瓶观音、多罗、文殊、玉印观音、如意珠观音、普贤、日月观音、数珠手观音等，雕刻对称，严谨有序，浑然一体。八躯菩萨像，丰腴圆润，典雅大方，为此间石刻之精华。北宋著名书家蔡京所书《赵懿简公神道碑》，碑高3.7米，宽1.37米，书法艺术价值较高。

宝顶山，风景幽丽，共13处石刻，以大佛湾和小佛湾规模最大。大佛湾为幽深的马蹄形山湾，雕刻分布在东、南、北三面，先以小佛湾为蓝图，后在此雕造。由19组佛经故事组成的大型群雕，各种雕像达15O00多躯，设计之精巧，竟无一雷同，破了“千佛一面”之说。宝顶圆觉洞，为整石开凿，宽敞如室。洞正壁刻佛像三尊，主佛前有跪菩萨一尊，俯首合十，恭敬虔诚，左右壁为十二圆觉菩萨，跌坐莲台，妙丽庄严，姿态不一，衣服、肌肉质感真实，似薄纱突身，衣裙流畅自如。壁间刻楼台亭阁，人物鸟兽，花草树木，幽泉怪石，近似写实作品，是大佛湾雕刻的精华。

大足石刻，“凡佛典所载，无不备列”，在艺术上“神的人化与人的神化”达到高度统一。

各位游客，大家好!我是你们的导游，大家可以叫我小X。欢迎大家到八达岭观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

游客们，在我们眼前的就是著名的八达岭长城。长城是世界闻名的八大奇迹之一，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，足足有一万三千多里长，像一条长龙盘旋在中国北方辽阔的土地上。它不仅是古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧的结晶，还是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。

游客们，现在我们已经登上了长城，您可以发现，这里是人山人海，所以各位要小心谨慎，以免发生意外。现在您向远处看，就可以发现这里的长城分为南北两峰，蜿蜒盘旋于山脊上，景色十分壮观。这高大坚固的长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。我们站在城墙顶上，您会发现这里像很宽的马路，可供五六匹马并行。现在请到我这边来，看到我身后这成排的垛子了吗?它有着两米多高，上面有瞭望口和射口，可供瞭望和射击用。现在让我们把目光转移，那高高的城台叫烽火台，它分为两层，上面是瞭望台，下层驻扎着许多士兵。士兵们一旦发现敌人，就点燃烽火，将消息传到远方。可见，烽火台在当时的军事中有着多么重要的作用。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，您一定会自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民。我们单看这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手，一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，才凝结成前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城。

现在让我来给您讲一个关于长城的故事。传说，有一对夫妻，男的叫范喜良，女的叫孟姜女，在他们结婚时，秦始皇召集百万民夫修筑长城，范喜良也被抓去了。孟姜女在家里苦苦等待夫君，日复一日，年复一年，孟姜女始终没有等到夫君。于是，孟姜女来到长城脚下万里寻夫。不料夫君早已成了一堆白骨，悲伤之下，孟姜女哭倒了长城，自己也成了望夫石。这就是《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。您听了这个故事，是不是对长城有了新的认识了呢?

Visitors, now we came to lijiang. Visitors may ask me, where is gate. In fact, the old town of lijiang is not gate, this is because the leaders of the naxi nationality (part of the National Peoples Congress lived inside the old town of lijiang is the naxi, so the leader himself is also the naxi.) Name is "wood", if combined with the meaning of the gates and the wall is the word "trapped", so it is for this reason didnt building the gates and the wall.

Visitors, we now come to one of the most famous streets in the old town of lijiang, square street. The square street crisscross like a spider web, southeast of the northwest each have a way out, so that the square street is very busy. The ground is paved with the multicolored, so very strong, if you use the foot up, will be very clear sound. Sifang street inn (hotel) is not the same, if you go a few rounds in inn (hotel), you will know the difference between the inn.

Tourists, lijiang has a special custom, that is put light. River lamp is an ancient custom, it is said that every night ying tan dragon king will follow the ancient city of the river cruise, put a river light not only can protect the ancient city of peace, can make oneself and family get the protection of the dragon king, and luck, success in the coming days. Hearing the a legend to put a river light make a wish.

Tourists, lijiang has beautiful scenery everywhere, said also said not, I hope you will like the scenery. Welcome to come next time.

天津英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Historical relics, natural scenery, temples, churches, assembly halls and commemorative sites of the Chinese revolution will illuminate Tianjins past, present and future. Tianjin is honored as Building Museum as it was occupied by nine imperial powers before the founding of the new China, leaving behind many buildings with extraordinary and exotic architectural styles, a real feast for the eye! In the following text let me give you a brief introduction to the Jinmen Shijing (top ten scenic attractions in Tianjin).

Huangyaguan Great Wall :

Located in the mountainous area of Tianjins northern Ji County, the Huangyaguan Great Wall was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550 - 557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). When appointed as the chief commanding officer in the Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons of the Ming Dynasty), Qi Jiguang added watch towers and other defensive works.

The Huangyaguan Great Wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites in Tianjin. It is considered to be a miniature of the Great Wall. The entire section is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. Being endowed with both natural beauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot and a summer resort. The major scenic area is composed of Huangyaguan Pass and Taiping Mountain Stronghold.

Huangyaguan Pass: In 1984, the people of Tianjin spent three years repairing 3,308 yards of the main wall from Banlagang Mountain in the east to Wangmaoding Mountain in the west. They restored 20 terraces, the Huangyaguan Water Gate, and the Bagua Castle (the Eight Diagrams Castle). The defensive system of the wall is complete. Watch towers, frontier cities, drain holes, emplacements, barracks and other indispensable military facilities are arranged orderly along the wall. Besides, the stele forests of the Great Wall, Beiji Temple, the exhibition hall of famous couplets, the Great Wall Museum (the first museum along the Great Wall) and the Phoenix Fortress have been newly built within the area.

Taipingzhai Great Wall :

Six miles southeast of Huangyaguan Pass is the Taipingzhai Great Wall, another important mountain stronghold of the wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). It is also called Taipinganzhai, meaning "a village of peace and prosperity". Starting from Banlagang Mountain in the east and arriving at Guafu Tower (Widow Tower) in the west, it winds through the precipitous mountains for about 955 yards.

The wall is an important component of Huangyaguan Great Wall. There are six watch towers, one battlement, and one shortcut leading to the wall. The architectural styles of the military towers vary considerably. There are square, round, solid and hollow towers, with some inside and others outside the wall. Beside the shortcut, there is a small citadel where an 8.5-meter statue of Qi Jiguang, the chief commanding officer of Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons in the Ming Dynasty) is located. The local people built this statue in order to commemorate his great contribution to frontier peace and stability in that period. To the west of the citadel, a section of the wall extends 33 yards out to where a sentry post was situated.

At the western end of the wall is a square stone tower called Guafu Tower, "Widow Tower" in English, built by twelve wives whose husbands died during the construction of the wall in the Ming Dynasty. The widows erected this tower to commemorate their husbands notable exploits. The tower has two levels and measures 13-meters (14-yards) high. Arched arrow windows are on the four sides of the tower.

Besides these cultural points of interest, Taipingzhai Great Wall is also famous for its amazingly impressive scenery. Zigzagging along the mountain ridge for over 984 yards, the wall looks very much like a giant dragon flying through clouds.

共2页，当前第1页12

大家好!我是你们这次的导游，我叫章明妍，大家可以叫我妍导。今天，我将带领你们游玩世界遗产之一‘泰山’，让我们一起走进神秘的泰山吧!

走进泰山，最醒目的就是高大宽阔的正阳门。进入正阳们，两扇朱红大门，门上有81个铁制馒钉，有铺首，象征着岱庙的尊严，游客们，你们知道吗?在古时候只有帝王才能从此门进入呐!正阳门高8.6米，上面的五凤楼高11米，共五间，为九脊，单檐歇山顶，覆黄色琉璃瓦，24根明柱，檐下斗拱出三翘四，墨线大点金彩绘，方金龙飞舞，，远远望去翘檐翼然，翩翩欲飞。

游客们，你们看，我们现在看到的是唐代称遥参门;宋代在门内筑亭，改为草参亭;明代扩建，建筑围墙，并奉碧霞元君于其中，逐成为完整的庭院建筑。遥参亭为纵向二室庭院，南山门、仪门、正殿、方亭、北山门依次坐落在通天街至岱庙的抽线上，正殿在右置配殿及厢房，其中抽线于岱庙线一致，再南，一巨株唐槐掩映下，有一池，池内一龙首吐水，一龙首吞水，为清光绪六年所建，很是添景.

游客们，泰山之旅结束了，祝你们下一站路途愉快~!

进入了吉尼斯纪录的玉带滩，在三亚的母亲河和大海之间。它最宽处可达五百米之宽，最窄处有十米之窄，长有八千五百米。

玉带滩的左面是三亚平静的母亲河――万泉河，右面则是汹涌澎湃的滔滔大海。两者毫不相干，左面的万泉河自己流入大海，右面的大海自己拍打着咸味海水。

看看右边的大海，又望望左边的万泉河，不知该到那边玩水才好。想一想，还是去大海边好些，因为大海是一个魔术师，他会变成许许多多的浪花。一朵推一朵，一浪接一浪，真是“酷毙了，帅呆了!”

我开始逐渐逼近翻滚着大小不一海浪的大海。“啊!救命呀，‘海啸’来了!”我赶紧马不停蹄地跑上去，结果还是被海浪打着了脚。

我又下去了，不过大浪没来。可当我喜滋滋地在沙滩上时，浪又飞快地来了，后果可想而之。

咦!?左面的万泉河不激动吗?还是那么的风平浪静呀!难道不欢迎我们吗?一连串的问号在我脑中回荡。

一问妈妈才知道，原来万泉河“妈妈”被这里的五指山“爸爸”给气恼了，所以，它特别静呗!哈哈哈哈!

玉带滩可真美呀，在海南几乎无人不晓，左面是清清的河水，流向右面凶涌的大海哟!

码头向里边看，那里有许多宏伟建筑群，外形像竹节的就是全港第三高的中银大厦。中银大厦由世界著名建筑师贝聿铭先生设计，在1990年落成，楼高315米，共有70层。大厦的43楼是公共观景台，欢迎游客参观，在高处俯看中环商业区全景。

那一幢看通骨干，彷佛机器人似的巨大建筑物是汇丰银行总部，该大楼是全港历来造价最高的建筑物，耗资50亿港元，紧贴汇丰银行西面的是45层的渣打银行大厦。中国银行、汇丰银行、渣打银行是香港的发钞银行。您可以在港币钞票背面找到这3座银行大厦的样子。

在这些大厦群背后的高山，就是著名的太平山了，太平山高海拔554米，山上有多处瞭望台，游客可选择在不同高度欣赏维港景色，在山窝处有一锅形的建筑，那是游客必到的山顶广场，广场除有种类繁多的商品外，还有各种风味的餐厅，以及「奇趣馆」和「蜡像馆」等参观场地。

岸旁是中环新填海区，这里有离岛渡轮码头，可在此乘船前往大屿山、长洲，南丫岛等离岛。机场快?的香港站也在此处，由此站往机场只需23分钟，旅客还可以在上车前办理登机手续托运行李，到机场直接就可以入禁区登机了。

左边那一幢外壳有幻彩光灯的建筑物是中环中心，虽是80层但只有350米是全港第二高，该大厦没有14楼，24楼，44楼等，这些楼层的发音都是香港人认为不吉利的数字。在晚上，大?外墙的彩灯每隔几秒就由下至上渐变不同颜色，为美丽的维港夜空添上姿彩。

这3幢玫瑰红花岗石建筑物是香港交易广场，由两幢52层高和一幢32层的大楼组成，香港联合交易所就位于交易广场的第一和第二层。由此这里集中了各大银行的总部和金融中心，所以是香港的经济心脏地带。

一是道教之说。在东汉末年，张道陵创立“五斗米”教，吸收了不少巫术，成为后来的“鬼教”。公元198年，他的孙子张鲁在丰都设立道教“平都治”，这里遂成为了道教的传教中心。后来，道教又杜撰出一个“罗丰山”，说它是北阴大帝治理的鬼都，这位北阴大帝是道教的第七级中心神，专管地狱。在北魏地理学家郦道元的《水经注》中，称丰都居道教七十二福地的第四十五位。[1]

二是鬼帝(土伯)之说：当人类社会还处在上古时代的时候，由于科学不发达，在遇到一些大自然现象的时候无法做出正确的解释，认为这一切是由鬼神在主宰。而巴族和蜀族是以氐羌部落为主，两个部落。东周时，丰都曾为巴子别都，随着巴蜀两族的不断交往，政治、经济、文化、思想、习俗相互渗透，于是产生了一个共同信仰的宗教神——土伯，这就是巴蜀鬼族的第一代鬼帝。这位鬼帝就住在幽都，至今丰都还留有“幽都”遗迹。

三是佛教“阎罗王”之说。“阎罗王”本是梵文的音译，原为古印度神话里管理阴间之王。佛教沿用此说法，称为管理地狱的魔王。传说他手下有十八判官，分管十八地狱。据《一切经音义》称，“阎罗王”即“平等王”，他能平等治罪。

丰都鬼城四是阴、王成仙之说，这是丰都最广为流传的说法。早在公元270年左右，晋人葛洪在其《神仙传》中就有关阴、王成仙的说法。传说在汉朝时候，有两位方士，一位叫阴长生，是刘肇皇后的曾祖父;一位叫王方平，官至朝中散大夫。他们因不满社会现状，双双先后来丰都修炼，于魏青龙初年，成仙而去。后来到了唐朝，他们二人被人讹传成了“阴王”，即阴间之王。

后来加上历代统治阶级的不断刻意渲染，历代文人、官吏通过小说、诗词、游记和碑文的描述，如《西游记》、《聊斋志异》、《说岳全传》、《西洋记》等等。因此一个比较全面的鬼城就在丰都形成了。它从虚幻到实物，经历了两千多年的历史，将佛教、道教、儒家学说以及中国鬼文化有机结合起来;将巴渝文化、中原文化和域外文化结合起来;将民间神话传说想象与现实结合起来;将建筑、雕塑、绘画等多种艺术形式结合起来，才形成今天天下闻名的“鬼城文化”。

丰都鬼城丰都鬼城位于四川盆地东南边缘，地处长江上游。是七里的故乡。它是一 座依山面水的古城，春秋时称“巴子别都”，它是从重庆顺游长江三峡的第一个旅游景区。传说这里是人死后灵魂归宿的地方。“鬼城”丰都，名山上古木参天，寺庙林立，在庞大的阴曹地府里仙道释儒，诸神众鬼盘踞各庙，等级森严，各司其职并以苛刑峻法统治着传说中的幽灵世界。

丰都鬼城距今已有两千多年的历史，历来被人们当作人类亡灵的归宿之地。

丰都，自古以来就是文化名城，是中国最有特色，最有名气的历史文化小镇，以其丰都鬼城作为阴曹地府所在的丰富的鬼文化而蜚生古今中外。

鬼城丰都以其悠久的历史，独特的文化内涵，神奇的传说，秀美的风光和难以替代的观赏价值，不可多得的鬼文化研究载体和独特源泉，向中外游客展现出神秘的东方神韶。丰都“鬼城”是人们凭想象建造的“阴曹地府”，人们凭想象，用类似人间的法律机制先后建成“阎王殿”、“鬼门关”、“阴阳界”、“十八层地狱”等一系列阴间机构。