西安导游作文英语(精选20篇)

Hefei, has a long history, called LuZhou, also known as LuYang, located in central anhui province, is located in the north shore between jianghuai, chaohu, east city, west city, 4 areas in the city, the suburb and changfeng, FeiDong, FeiXi 3 counties. The city of a total area of 7266 (458) square kilometers and a population of 425.9 127.94 (city). City road wide, tree-lined, beautiful scenery, many modern buildings, places of interest, is an ancient and young city.

As the capital of anhui province, hefei is the provinces political, economic, science and education, culture, information, finance, trade center and transportation hub, is also the national grade a open city, the national important scientific research and education base, with China university of science and technology and so on more than 30 universities. High-tech industrial park, the synchrotron radiation laboratory and other renowned Chinese and foreign.

"The name, hefei". Northern wei li daoyuans "water the note" : "the summer water surge, for at shi, the yue at." Usually called shi water nanfeihe river, water is called east fei rivers, this is a saying. One suggested another way of saying that in the tang dynasty, at the water out of the mountain chicken calls, 20 miles points north flow into two, one of the southeast flow (nanfeihe river), passing through into the chaohu lake; One (east fei rivers), northwest ShouChun into the huaihe river in two hundred. The journal, it is pointed out that "belong to different with yue fat". Two water are at, suitable for a source, points to two, yue in hefei.

Hefei notoriously, the hometown of the triple return, bao zheng, at the world, with "huai right inner pipes, jiangnan lips" strategic position, often for the mohican. In The Three Kingdoms wei will zhang liao defeat sun quan xiaoyao jin comply to the army battle, namely happen here. More than two thousand years ago, had begun to form business will be here. Qin and han in the county, the Ming and qing for LuZhou FuZhi, republic of China, is the capital of anhui province, is now thousand Qiang scale times, merchants radial business will be.

Hefei, known as "green city", "garden city" reputation, the ring park was built on the basis of the ancient city walls, hefei hill along the undulating hills, the terrain, together with the original green belt and the moat, fine building. Total length of about 9 km, ring park is divided into six scenic area, among the more famous south, Xia He morning dew of the Milky Way area; Lake mountain set each other off, water, green maple red xishan scenic spot; Trees, lawns evergreen HuanBei scenic spot. This ring park, without a gap of the wall surface of water, and a fascinating scenic jiangnan scenery.

Hefei economy by leaps and bounds in recent years, urban construction changes with each passing day, the five flying things over, LuZhou colorful lights. High and new technology development zone, economic and technological development zone, longgang industrial zone surrounding the Mosaic. Through the city at the water park around the city like a jade necklace; Free and unfettered ancient ferry, hatosy xiuse, yao hai park such as pearl strew; Of shushan chunxiao, bao cemetery, teach crossbow traces of brahman clocks, prince, roaming, meanwhile, ancient theory today, make people linger on.

Hefei many places of interest. Once upon a time, there was the town huai Angle of rhyme, the buddhist temple bell, hidden boat grass color, teach crossbow SongYin, of shushan xue ji, huai PuChunRong, chaohu night, four top sunglow eight place, generally referred to as the "LuYang eight sights". The chaohu lake night, four sunglow scene, such as has not in hefei; Town huai Angle of rhyme, etc, because over time, things change, has collapsed, become history. Now the places of interest to teach crossbows, zoroastrianism temple, free ferry, bao temple, etc. The most famous.

Hefei the jie people spirit, celebrities, star turning, reform and opening up to hefei has brought a new era. Today, guided by positive science city, industrial city, garden city, rewarded brand-new posture, smile to maintaining truthful to meet, know more friends all over the world.

Erhai Lake is named for its momentum like a sea and shape like a human ear.It is a fault lake formed by crustal movement. It is the second largest plateaufreshwater lake in Yunnan Province. It was once known as "yeyuze" and"kunmichuan" in ancient literature. The water surface is about 1972 meters abovesea level. It starts from Jiangwei township of Eryuan County in the north andends at Xiaguan town of Dali City in the south. It is shaped like a crescentmoon. It is 41.5 kilometers long from north to south, 3 to 9 kilometers widefrom east to west. The water depth of Pingge is 105 meters, and the deepestreaches 20.5 meters. ·Erhai Lake has a vast water area with a circumference of116 kilometers and an area of 251 square kilometers. Erhai lake belongs tolancangkou water system, with Miju River in the north; Donghui BOLUO River, XinaCangshan eighteen streams, in addition, submarine faults also continue to havediving gush, thus forming an inexhaustible lake, rich in water, catchment areaof 2565 square kilometers, the average water capacity of 2.82 billion cubicmeters, the lake water from the West Er River, and Yangbi River confluence intoLancang River, and finally into the Pacific Ocean, due to the inflow and outflowof Erhai water, Erhai Lake water flow out The quality of sea water is excellent,which is suitable for the reproduction and growth of all kinds of fish, shrimpand shellfish. At the same time, Erhai Lake is rich in aquatic resources.

Now our cruise ship has been driving in the rippling Erhai Lake.

Known as the "Pearl of the plateau", Erhai Lake is the main scenic resourceof Dali scenic spot and the most important birthplace of Bai ancestors. So far,more than 30 Neolithic sites have been found in Erhai Lake and its surroundinghillside platform. Jinsuo island in Haidong is a famous Neolithic site.Recently, it was discovered that Yuji island in Shuanglang is also an importantsite of Neolithic age and bronze age. In addition to a large number of stonetools and pottery for daily use, there are also mountain shaped sword, ironblade sword with copper handle and pottery models for casting these weapons. Itcan be inferred that it may be the production base for the ancient Bai ancestorsto smelt and cast bronzes until the iron age. There are historical heritages inevery era here. It seems that we can hear the footsteps of Bais ancestors fromancient times to civilization. Therefore, it can also be said that Erhai Lake isthe cradle of Bai nationality.

Now our boat is passing by Guanyin Pavilion. The name of Guanyin Pavilionin your guide map is Tianjing Pavilion, which was called LUOQUAN temple inancient times. This LUOQUAN temple is closely related to Wangfu cloud, a cloudin Cangshan Mountain. The legend of wangfuyun is a household name in Dali. Hereis a brief introduction to the legend of Wangfu cloud.

It is said that the king of Nanzhao had a smart and beautiful princess. Shemet a young and handsome hunter at the grand meeting of "around the threespirits". They loved each other and secretly made a lifelong commitment. Theprincess confided her true feelings to her father and asked for permission.After hearing this, the king was very angry and put the princess in the deeppalace. The princess was very sad. She was depressed all day and didnt thinkabout food and tea. She was looking forward to the hunter to help her out. Theprincess asked her maid to go to Cangshan to find the hunter and tell hersituation and miss. The hunter was very worried when he heard about it, but theprincess was imprisoned in the deep palace, so he couldnt get close to it. Heran wildly on Cangshan Mountain and called out the name of the princess. Theirpure love moved the mountain god. The mountain god gave the hunter a pair ofwings. With wings, the hunter flew into the palace quietly and took the princessout of the palace wall. Here, Nanzhao King couldnt find his daughter. He wasangry and anxious. He invited master Luo Quan from Haidong. Master Luo Quan usedthe sky mirror to show that the princess was in the cave of Yuju peak, and heused the poison of snow to threaten the princess to return to the palace. Thehunter ventured to fly to LUOQUAN temple and stole master LUOQUANs eighttreasures cassock to protect the princess from the cold. When he flew over ErhaiLake, the hateful master LUOQUAN knocked him down into Erhai Lake and turned himinto a rock - a stone mule. When the princess heard the news, she died ofsadness. After the death of the princess, her essence turns into a white cloud.Every year in the severe winter, the white cloud rises to the top of Yuju peakand looks out at Erhai Lake. As soon as this white cloud appears, the Erhai seawill be windy and the waves will not stop until the stone mule on the bottom ofthe sea appears. It is said that at this time, the princess wants to blow awaythe sea and have a look at the lover on the bottom of the sea. However, it istrue that once Wangfu cloud appears, even on a fine day, it will suddenly bewindy and stormy, so fishing boats will not be able to travel on the sea.Therefore, local fishermen also call Wangfu cloud "no ferry cloud", which meansno ferry.

In fact, Wangfu cloud is just a meteorological cloud. It usually appears insunny days in winter and spring, and is formed by the high-speed flow of air.This is related to the special geographical location of Erhai Lake in Cangshanand the steep mountain of Yuju peak. Its appearance indicates the coming of dryand strong monsoon in India. It is an alarm for safe navigation of ships inErhai Lake. Stone mule is a reef in Erhai Lake, which is also called Dinghaipile. Now this reef has been exposed to the sea and used as a navigation mark byboatman. But the imaginative Bai people gave it such a moving legend, whichnaturally linked wangfuyun, the reef on the sea and LUOQUAN temple. To turn acloud, a stone and a temple into a vivid, vivid and substantial beauty alsomakes Wangfu cloud more magical and interesting in everyones mind.

In front of us, the exquisite Island you can see is little Putuo, thesmallest but most famous island in Erhai Lake. In Erhai Lake, little Putuo canbe said to be a "pocket island". Although the island is small, it is well-known,and it is indispensable in the picture books that introduce Dali.

Xiaoputuo is only more than 200 meters in circumference. It is composed oflimestone and covers a total area of about 70 square meters. Why is it calledlittle Putuo? Putuo is the abbreviation of putuoluojia mountain in Sanskrit,which means little white flower mountain or little flower tree mountain. It issaid that it is the place where Guanyin practices in India. Therefore, most ofthe holy places of Guanyin are called Putuo Mountain. For example, PutuoMountain in Zhejiang Province, one of the four famous Buddhist mountains inChina, is named "little Putuo" because its appearance is more like the legendaryTaoist temple of Guanyin, but its scale and terrain are relatively small.

From a distance, little Putuo looks like a natural bonsai in Erhai Lake. Itis said that when Guanyin came to Dali, she saw the beautiful scenery, pleasantclimate, hardworking and kind-hearted Bai people. She loved this land very much.In addition, she also saw that there were many dragons in Erhai Lake, whichoften caused violent waves. So she put a Zhenhai seal in Erhai Lake, hoping thatit would always keep Dali safe. This reef is the seal used by GuanyinBodhisattva to suppress Jiaolong. Therefore, "little Putuo" is also known as"Haiyin", so the nearby fishing village is also named "Haiyin village".

Xiaoputuo is a scenic spot with beautiful scenery in Erhai, and also aplace with rich Buddhist culture. It was probably during the reign of Chongzhenin the Ming Dynasty that fishermen nearby donated money to build this two-storyPavilion on the island. The pavilion below is dedicated to Dadu Maitreya, andthe pavilion above is dedicated to Guanyin. Dali Buddhism has a remarkablefeature, that is, it is close to Bodhisattva rather than Buddha. Therefore, mostof the Bai people in Dali worship Guanyin in temples. There are male and femalefaces in Guanyin, and the female one is offered in little Putuo of Erhai Lake.This is the obvious difference between Dali and Hinayana Buddhism inXishuangbanna and Dehong.

In the eyes of Bai people, little Putuo is the most spiritual island. EverySpring Festival or any happy event, the Bai people in the nearby villages haveto go to little Putuo for sacrifice to celebrate or for peace. Every time thebride and groom get married, the groom will take the bride around the Islandthree times in a boat, hoping that little Putuo can bring them: Happiness andauspiciousness.

Today, all of you come to Dali from afar to feel the history, culture,customs and peoples feelings here. We also hope that little Putuo can bring youhappiness and peace.

The Western Tomb of Qing Dynasty is one of the two mausoleums of theemperors of Qing Dynasty. It is located at the foot of Yongning mountain, 15kilometers west of Yi County, Hebei Province, and more than 120 kilometers awayfrom Beijing. The perimeter is about 100 kilometers, covering an area of morethan 800 square kilometers. It is surrounded by the emerald Yongning mountain inthe north and the meandering Yishui River in the south, with towering ancienttrees and magnificent scenery.

Since the establishment of the mausoleum, the Qing Dynasty has planted tensof thousands of pine trees at the foot of Yongning mountain, on the Bank ofYishui River, inside and outside the mausoleum. Now there are 15000 ancientpines, more than 200000 young pines and cypresses. The mausoleum area is lushwith pines and cypresses and beautiful mountains and waters. The 14 mausoleumsare hidden in the pine forest, just like a gorgeous landscape painting.

Empress Xiaoshengs Taidong mausoleum is located in the West Mausoleum ofQing Dynasty in Yi County, Hebei Province, and in dongzhengyu, about 1 kmnortheast of Emperor Yongzhengs Tailing mausoleum. Taidong mausoleum is thelargest of the three empresses Mausoleums in the West Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty.In September of the first year of Emperor Qianlongs reign (1736), Prince HengHongmin, the Minister of internal affairs and the Minister of household affairsHaiwang, asked Emperor Qianlong whether to reserve the throne for the EmpressDowager after Emperor Yongzheng was buried in the underground palace of thetailing mausoleum. The Empress Dowager issued a decree: "after emperorshizongxians worship of the underground palace, he was always quiet. If theaction is to be resumed in the future, the premier will feel uneasy with therighteousness of superiority and inferiority. Besides, the constitution ofZhaoxi mausoleum and Xiaodong Mausoleum of our Dynasty can be complied with, andthere is no need to reserve a division in the underground palace of tailingmausoleum. " In accordance with the Empress Dowagers decree, Emperor Qianlongbuilt the Taidong mausoleum for the Empress Dowager in the second year ofQianlong (1737) and completed it in the eighth year of Qianlong (1743). The mainbuildings from south to north are: a three hole arch bridge, east-west xiamapai,five East-West houses, three East-West check-in houses, and five longen gate.There are five East-West stoves, five East-West halls and five double eaveshalls. There are three mausoleum gates, shiwugong, Fangcheng, minglou, Baochengand Baoding. Below the top is the underground palace. On the left side of themausoleum is the kitchen. There is a well Pavilion outside the reservoir.

商务英语实训报告

为了培养我们的创新精神和实践能力，提高我们的综合素质。进行了为期一周的实训，实训中我们互相学习和进步着。在实训期间，我们既要对理论知识进一步的学习，又要体会对商务英语应用中的实践过程，真正切身感受本课程的实际应用。

一、实训目的：了解商务英语在社会和实际工作中的应用, 丰富课程的内容,培养我们理论联系实际的能力,提高在语言应用中分析及解决问题的实际能力。

二、实训要求

1、严格遵守实训作息时间。

2、自觉维护好课堂纪律。

3、自觉完成实训项目。

三、实训内容

（一）商务英语口语练习

1、建立商业关系   通过一篇商务对话，了解了关于商务谈判的过程，并对这篇对话进行了音标以及口语的练习。翻译了英语的明信片，使我们认知英文的名片书写过程。

2、商务谈判   继商务谈判的的对话，模拟业务续写了英语对话，更提高了我们对商务谈判的能力，对以后工作提供铺垫。

（二）商务信函的书写

在国际商务买卖的过程主要分为询盘、发盘、还盘、接受四个环节，其过程中最重要的便是商务信函的书写，我们这次实训中主要对发盘的过程进行了练习。在老师的帮助下对发盘的发虚盘、发实盘的信函实例进行分析与解读和翻译，并对一些内容进行书写练习，使我们掌握了英文信函的书写方式、提升了书写技巧。

（三）商务谈判

在看完有关商务谈判的视频后，在老师的指导下，我们根据视频中的谈判，对其谈判的案例进行分析。全面了解了谈判的类型、谈判时的重要因素、谈判时注意的问题及谈判时的信息搜索。谈判对于商务进行是不可缺少的部分，充分了解谈判的过程和技巧便更一步的促进了合作关系的达成。

（四）进出口贸易信函的分析和书写

根据多篇的进出口贸易信函的阅读及分析。对信函的英汉互译，这不仅对我们英语知识的提高，而且认识了进出口贸易信函书写的方式，在我们多次的练习中提升了写作技巧，更为以后的工作节约了时间。

（五）商务报告

搜索最近发生的经济事件，对事件进行分析与总结，并详写了我们自己的观点。让我们看事件来分析问题，曾进的不只是我们的观点，更是我们对问题分析的能力。最后我们的这项实训任务，用英文的格式练习书写了我们自己的简历，及招聘广告的书信。现在的社会大发展，英文已离不开我们的生活，这样的实训巩固的是我们的课程，也为我们以后的工作提供了极大的方便。

四、实训总结：实训是走向社会起到了一个桥梁的作用，过渡的作用，也对将来走上工作岗位也有着很大帮助。在短暂两周的实训过程中，

既有收获也有遗憾。通过这次实习，加深了我对商务英语的基本知识的理解，丰富了实际操作知识，认识到要学好商务英语既要注重理论知识的学习，更重要的是要把实践与理论两者紧密相结合。

This famous cultural city is located in the west of the vast and richJianghan Plain. In the Han Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 36states, named after Jingshan in the north. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty,several emperors built their capitals here, making this city an important placefor the successive dynasties to garrison troops and set up their offices.

The ancient city of Jingzhou is divided into three layers, water cityoutside, brick city in the middle and earth city inside. It is said that inorder to prevent the foundation of the city from sinking and flooding, glutinousrice slurry was poured into the stone crevice at the foot of the right city, sothe city wall was particularly strong. It is said that Guan Yunchang, thegeneral of Shu in the Three Kingdoms, was guarding Jingzhou when nine fairiescame down to earth. Its said that Jingzhous swordsmen have moved too much, sothey should be taken back and placed in Gods land, and no mortals are allowedto fight for them. Guan Gong was loyal to his brother and refused to letJingzhou, so he thought of a plan, saying: "you are in the northwest, I am inthe southeast, each building a city, the city is a thousand steps on Friday, itstarts at dark, the crowing of chickens stops, who builds first, who managesthis place. The nine fairies used their clothes to cover the earth, and GuanGong cut reeds to build the city. Guangong city is just a corner away from thenine fairies City, and the chickens are not crowing yet. Guan Gong vibrates thechicken cage and the reed mat, the rooster crows, and the nine fairies go toheaven in shame. This is the origin of jiunvzhuo outside the north gate ofJingzhou City. Its also said that Zhang Fei also carried the earth to help hissecond brother build the city. But when he came late, he dumped the earthoutside the east gate. Nowadays, people call these two hills like Earth "ZhangFei Yidan earth". These are all myths and legends. However, in order to guardagainst the eastern Wu Dynasty, Guan Gong built a new city next to the old cityin the Han Dynasty, which has historical records. Anyone who has read theromance of the Three Kingdoms knows the story of Liu Beis false cry forJingzhou and Guan Gongs careless loss of Jingzhou. Our first stop was "a placefor military strategists." Jingzhou, the capital of China.

导游实习报告

一、实习目的：

通过此次实习活动，了解旅游景点概况，学习带团经验。进一步的体会到了旅行的意义，感受到了自己当初选择这个专业的目的和心情。确定自己的选择是正确的，并决定要坚定的走下去。旅行本身就是一件很快乐的事情，如果能作为一个向导带着别人去旅游，不仅给自己带来了快乐更能给其他人带来快乐，我想那样的人生将会非常有意义，因为不仅充实了自己的生活，还使自己变成了一个对社会有用的人，所以更加坚定了我对旅游事业追求的信念

二、实习时间：历时两天

XX年6月13日----14日

三、实习地点；长春市内景点

四、实习内容：

游览长春的市容市貌，亲自到各个景点感受体会。一边游览，一边学习带团经验，为未来做导游做铺垫，感受到祖国的大好河山与其厚重的历史渊源。在长春市内旅游景点实习体会

我们大家怀着激动的心情，开始了实习的旅程，坐在大巴车上我们并没有像平时一样听音乐聊天，而是认真在听实习指导老师讲导游词，大家都听得非常认真，我们的实习老师就是导游出身，所以我们在听她讲的时候都有种身临其境的感觉，小心翼翼的听，生怕错过哪一段精彩的故事，当时会感觉身上有种莫名的责任感，因为我们大家只是暂时的游客，而以后是要带领游客的人，自己要做的非常好才可以。听完老师讲的那些话，我就下定决心要做一个像老师一样的导游，自己不断积累经验，不断进步成长学会为人处事，顿时心中就有了无数的感慨。

第一站，我们来到了世界最有名也是长春最有名的雕塑公园，位于长春市主干道人民大街南端与建成。秉承现代雕塑的文化品位，融合传统与现代自然山水园林建设手法为一体的建园观念，荟萃了全球顶级艺术家的优秀作品，展示雕塑各种艺术流派风格。当我们进园内的时候发现，果然名不虚传，确实令人瞩目。一进大门那就可以看到一个很深沉的雕像。露着半边的身子好像在思考今天它应该穿什么衣服，特别经典，往里走就可以看到各种奇形怪状的雕像但是每一个雕像都象征着三个主题和平、友谊、春天，都会让人觉得特别有意义，这些雕像都很奇怪，但美女雕像普遍居多，她们有的表情很安详，很淡定，手里的东西也各有不同，好像意味着那数不清的不能说的秘密，不禁令人陷入沉思，这里不仅雕像吸引人，更吸引人的的是这里的园林环境。在一个播种者雕像的旁边真的有很多园林的工作人员在播种，整理草坪，真有种现实与寓意相结合的感受，公园算是很大了，标志性建筑物也很多，我们两个小时后才出去集合。

下一站我们又来到了一个特别有意义的景点就是长春的净月潭，净月潭始建于1934年，是截长春的母亲河伊通河的支流小河沿子河的水，形成最初水面的雏形，整个水面俯瞰形似弯月。所以被称为净月潭是有原因的，净月潭的占地面积非常之广阔，让人感觉整座山都是围着这深不可测的潭水，还有很多奇特的景观，我们第一个参观的就是北普陀寺，大门很壮观，建于1996年，是东北地区的名寺之一。这座寺年代不久，但却远近闻名，每逢佛教盛会游人络绎不绝。之后我们又来到了森林浴场，一片种植面积很广阔的绿地，大家漫步在这片绿地之中大家都贪婪的吮吸着新鲜的空气，据环保专家检测，每一立方厘米的空气含负氧离子高达2万个，是城市空气含量的400倍，所以在这里我们格外的感觉到心情舒畅。可惜享受只是短暂的，我们又要进行下一站的旅行鹿苑，又是另一片充满乡村气息的土地，在那里虽然我们没有见到梅花鹿但是我们却看见了东北最具有代表性的动物马儿，有的同学还策马奔腾了一下，也算不虚此行了。之后我们又来到了碧松净月塔楼，它是为了纪念吉林省1981年至1990年XX年无重大森林火灾而修建的，站在塔楼上就可以看到净月潭的全景非常美丽壮观。净月潭的波澜壮阔不禁令我们叹为观止。

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尊敬的游客朋友们：

大家好!我是你们的导游，大家可以叫我小梁。今天由我负责向大家介绍我国陕西省西安市临潼区东约5000米处的秦兵马俑。它南依骊山，北依渭水，地势险峻，环境优美，是秦始皇的陪葬坑。陪葬品众多，是一座丰富的地下文物宝库。接下来，我们一起进入馆内参观。

欢迎大家来到秦兵马俑馆内参观。兵马俑三个俑坑，最大的是一号坑。三个俑坑面积有20000平方米多，相当于50个篮球场。坑内兵马俑近8000多个，一行行，一列列，排成一个整齐的长方形军阵，真像秦始皇当年统帅的一支南征北战，所向披靡的大军。

大家猜这位头戴着?冠，身披铠甲，手持宝剑，挺着胸，威风凛凛的俑是谁?A武士俑B骑兵俑C将军俑。你们猜出来了吗?什么，猜不出来!我告诉答案吧，是C将军俑。

哈哈，接下来，我说一下骑兵俑。他的头戴圆形小帽，身着紧袖，下穿紧口被足蹬、长筒马靴，披挂短小的铠甲，显得简单而灵活。

武士俑平均身高1米8左右，一个个体格健壮，体型匀称。身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，脚登前端向上翘起的战靴，手持兵器，整装待发。

好了，今天的游览接近尾声了，愿你们这次参观秦兵马俑的经历成为生活中一段美好的记忆。我是导游，谢谢!

各位朋友，大家好!欢迎来到世界自然遗产、国家AAAA级旅游区——江郎山游览。江郎山位于距江山市区25千米的石门镇，古名须郎山、玉郎山。传说是占时候三个姓江的兄弟登上山顶幻化而成，所以又叫江郎山。它是我们江山的标志和骄傲。“江山”之名中的“山”，当然就取白干这座名山了。

江郎山是典型的丹霞地貌景观，主峰海拔819.1米。20xx年8月2日，在巴西举行的第34届世界遗产大会1：通过表决，江郎山作为“中国丹霞”的一部分成功入选世界遗产名录，成为浙江省首个世界自然遗产，实现了浙江省世界自然遗产“零”的突破。

我们先站在山脚下一睹它的风采。你们瞧，远远望去它就像撑天的石柱，白北向南呈“川”字形排列，郎峰、亚峰，灵峰，三峰高高腾于半空之中，所以被人们称为“天半江郎”。

现在，我们沿着弯弯曲曲的石径拾级而上，只见山林茂盛，只听鸟鸣声声。拐过十八个弯，眼前豁然开朗，千年古刹开明禅寺和千年学府江郎书院在绿树的掩映下跃人眼帘，一阵山风吹来，仿佛耳边还能回响朗朗书声呢。请你们站在书院门前向远处眺望对面那座山峰，发现了什么?对，多像邓小平爷爷的侧面像啊，这就是天然造化的“伟人峰”。

别怕累，继续攀登，我们就来到了神奇的江郎山一线天。一线天是由郎峰和亚峰天然夹击而成，俗称小弄峡，长312米，高298米，宽距在3.5到4米之间，两壁平行而笔直，仿佛巨斧劈出的石巷，仰视天余一线，气势雄伟，无以伦比。小弄峡的弄堂风让一线天成了名副其实的天然空调房。更让人称奇的是，左边的山墙上寸草不生，而澍湎山墙上却是一片碧绿，当地入叫它阴阳壁。

穿过一线天。我们来到山峰的另一侧，大家可以坐在石凳上一边休息，一边欣赏远处的山景。看，右边的郎峰脚下有一条攀上峰顶的狭窄小径，一边是陡峭的石壁，一边是摇摇晃晃的铁链，非常具有挑战性。登上山顶，自有“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”的豪情啦!各位朋友，江郎山的游览马上就要结束了，希望“千年古道，锦绣江山”能给您留下美好的记忆，欢迎再次光临!

小学英语教育实习目的

实习目的：实习是大学教育最后一个极为重要的实践性教学环节。通过实习，使我们在社会实践中接触与本专业相关的实际工作，增强感性认识，培养和锻炼我们综合运用所学的基础理论、基本技能和专业知识，去独立分析和解决实际问题的能力，把理论和实践结合起来，提高实践动手能力，为我们毕业后走上工作岗位打下一定的基础;同时可以检验教学效果，为进一步提高教育教学质量，培养合格人才积累经验，并为自己能顺利与社会环境接轨做准备。

我们怀着难以诉说的心情以及对教师这种职业的神圣的向往，随着飞驶的列车来到了我们的实习目的地——龙陵县龙山中心学校，这是一个美丽的学校，也是一个五彩的花园。

当然我根本没有想到，在之后的一个月里，我会在这里收获一段快乐而难忘的时光。我不仅从各个老师和学生们的身上学到了很多东西，而且和他们成为朋友，更重要的是，我在实习过程中感觉所学的到东西远远要比三年里在校园里学到的更丰富、更精彩。当然，这并非否定老师的教学和自己的学习，只是实践中收获到的远比书本来得真切和实在。正所谓：“千淘万漉虽辛苦，一波三折有收获。”

我们来到龙陵县龙山中心学校受到了热烈的欢迎。首先，我们和该校的领导及老师召开了座谈会，他们向我们介绍了龙陵县龙山中心学校的情况：它办校至今已有百年历史，始建于清光绪30年(公元19xx年)，坐落在县城东南的老东坡下，背靠青山，侧临绿水，校内青杉挺拔，繁花似锦，绿草茵茵，是一个静心求学的好地方。它占地总积13333平方米，校舍建筑总面积4737平方米，校园绿化面积3800多平方米，运动场面积1500平方米。这里共有教职工63人，教学班24个，学生1058人。它坚持以质量求生存，以教研教改促进发展，多年来一直承担全县小学教育研究和实验示范任务，为龙陵县基础教育事业发展做出了卓越贡献，保山地区重点学校之一，它也为龙陵县的社会经济发展做出了有目共睹的贡献。

Dear tourists

hello everyone!

Im very glad to be here with friends from all over the world. Im pan, thetour guide of this trip. I hope we can have a good time.

Maiji Mountain, about 50 kilometers southeast of Tianshui, Gansu Province,is an isolated peak in Xiaolong mountain of Qinling Mountains in China. Thetotal area of the scenic spot is 215 square kilometers, including MaijiMountain, Xianren cliff, Shimen, Quxi four scenic spots and Jieting ancienttown. Maijishan Grottoes is a national key cultural relic protection unit and aworld-famous art treasure house. The difficulty and wisdom of digging hundredsof caves and Buddha statues on the cliff is very rare in Chinas grottoes. Comedown, lets go and have a look.

After entering the scenic area, what does Maiji Mountain look like now?Yes, it looks like a wheat stack. Maiji Mountain is a typical Danxia landformwith a height of 80 meters. There are more than 7200 statues and murals frommore than ten dynasties, including the later Qin Dynasty, the Western QinDynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern ZhouDynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, theYuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. They are distributed in 194caves with an area of more than 1300 square meters. They are known as the fourmajor caves in China, together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Datong YungangGrottoes and Luoyang Longmen Grottoes. In terms of artistic features, Dunhuangfocuses on gorgeous murals, Yungang and Longmen are famous for their magnificentstone carvings, while Maiji Mountain is famous for its exquisite statues. As oursculptor Liu Kaiqu praised: Maijishan is "a large sculpture museum in Chinesehistory."

When you step into the plank road, you must pay attention to safety. Nowyou can see a group of carved statues chiseled by the cliff. There is a Buddhain the middle, which is 15 meters high. There are two Bodhisattvas standing infront of them, smiling and welcoming the tourists. This is also the largestBuddha statue in Maiji Mountain. Now what you can see is the most magnificentseven Buddha Pavilion in Cave 4. There are 42 statues of Bodhisattvas in theseven niches, which are solemn and amiable, gorgeous and not vulgar.

Now you come to Xiya grottoes, the largest of which are caves 133 and 127.No.133 stele cave is the most special cave in Maiji Mountain. In the cave, thereare not only many clay sculptures, but also 18 stone tablets, some of which arecovered with thousands of Buddha statues, so they are also called "ten thousandBuddha Hall". Among them, No. 10, No. 11 and No. 16 are the essence of numeroustablets. Cave 127 is even more wonderful. This statue, not to mention MaijiMountain, is a rare treasure in the world Buddhist art.

Lets enjoy the main scenic area of Maiji Mountain first. Thank you againfor your support for Xiaopans work! Welcome to Gansu and Maiji Mountainagain!

Thank you!

象鼻山英语导游词

象鼻山的山脚有石级小路通上山顶。山顶平展，绿树成荫，当年太平军在此架炮攻城。下面是第一范文网带来的象鼻山英语导游词，希望可以帮到大家。

篇一：象鼻山英语导游词

Dear visitors! Today Ill be your tour guide. Today, we can go to visit guilin, elephant trunk hill park.

Everyone to see! The SLATE the park door. All the above recorded by the ancient seen an elephant in the world.

Everyone went east. Visitors, this is a natural formation of the hole, "anus" is an elephant. Before this "anus" did you feel there is a scent wafts of wine. This is one of sambo guilin osmanthus wine fragrance.

We continue to go forward, that is the whole elephant trunk hill. You see, the lijiang river in the set up of the pillars and the elephant head connection, with four legs apart, plus the and like body together like tail, formed a lifelike elephant trunk hill.

The elephant trunk hill there is a touching legend, everyone to take a look by yourself:

The elephant trunk hill, this is the jade emperor is used to carry a drop the magic of a head of Aquarius. Once, the jade emperor go out and fell on the way, god like ill. The jade emperor in order to catch time to god, like to stay in guilin. Of guilin people found the only passion, cured, god like to repay, also in order to appreciate the beautiful scene, so I live in guilin. But not for long, it was made known to the jade emperor, he sent a god to except it. God and the god wars for ten days and ten nights, fully JiuJiuBaShiYi round, hasnt been a tie. God like a thirsty, drink water to lijiang, is god a sword to kill. God like into a mountain, to stay in guilin.

Ladies and gentlemen, to the east, thus ended the travel today, hope you can "visit" in guilin.

篇二：象鼻山英语导游词

Welcome to here! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you.

Elephant trunk hill, also known as xiangshan. Kong Yong Ming dynasty poet wrote: "trunk and clear drink YuHe zephyr, the west should a suction wave. Castle peak naturally RaoJi bone, the day and get more." The blue elephant trunk hill is located in the south of the city of the li river and peach blossom river confluence. Yamagata resembles a giant elephants, and elongation nose river water absorption, thus its name.

Between the trunk and like body hole, is the famous hidden holes. Fan Chengda said it "its shape is round, looking at the end of the whole, such as month". Hidden cave river flow, can be a boat, in the bright moon night, its reflection of "the bright moon floating underwater has the bright moon, water" "xiangshan shui" wonders, perpetual than all previous dynasties poet. Hole inside and outside the cliffs has more than 50 pieces of cultural relics, ancient stone carving in the song dynasty patriotic poet Zhang Xiaoxiang, Fan Chengda and lu yous work is the most famous. Although lu you havent been to guilin, but the odd hill xiushui here longing. His poems and letters sent to Ren Zhao states (now in guangxi guilin pingle county) Du Sigong satrap friends. Carved with cliffstone Du Sigong is "life work, communicate with the world".

Elephant trunk hill has a stair bottom of the path to the top of the mountain. The top flat, tree-lined, the taiping rebels in the gun siege. The eastern end of the Ming dynasty solid 2-foot-tall tower at the top of the mountain, because named as samantabhadra bodhisattva samantabhadra tower are embedded. Tower like round vase, and as a sword, and someone called bottle tower or the tower of the handle.

Elephant trunk hill in the south have converted to originate in recent years with the tang dynasty yunfeng temple, temple in the history of the taiping heavenly kingdom relics on display. In the west of the temple is a stupas, there had been a, fujiang here. Fifth dongdu Japan failure, distinguishing from the tang dynasty monk floated, hainan island after guilin, on our way to the north to live in, fujiang, presided over the ceremony, he said to pass on ones experience. But old temple early waste, leaving only the stupa narrative event of the year. Elephant trunk hill, the scenery, is the symbol of guilin landscape and symbol of the city of guilin, the most Chinese and foreign tourists love.

篇三：象鼻山英语的游记

"Ah, here to sing there and hey..." Also I heard someone in the song on the shore. The singing like sounds of nature.

"Hi, Im your guide. You just call me aunt huang." Aunt huang blossom opened a smile: "we had to know guilin landscape! We play there are a lot of limestone in the lijiang river, the limestone terrain around, make the guilin mountains mountain forest, such as folded brocade hill, elephant trunk hill, fubo hill. They are like a giant elephant, jade bamboo shoots, forms. From a distance, everywhere is scenery of guilin mountain, everywhere is to draw, the hills in the picture is sharp, less beautiful round. Today we are going to visit is the elephant trunk hill, the hill looks like a huge elephant stretching nasal suction the name."

"There was a giant elephant?" A little girl sound tender tender asked. "I dont know that." Aunt huang laugh more happy. "But I know a few of the elephant trunk hills legend!" "Tell us!" We shouted in chorus. "I said." The aunt. "The first story is this: the elephant is the jade emperors side a. One day, it quietly came to the earth, see the beautiful guilin, had forgotten to eat, sleep. Later, it became ill, local people care fed medicines. The elephant was ill after the kindness, help the guilin people dredge water, irrigation, fertile land and want to stay in the room. The jade emperor learned that flew into a rage, immediately sent tota Li Tianwang to seize. When the elephant is the lijiang river water, unfortunate shot to death by Li Tianwang, elephant trunk hill."

"This will it stabbed to death. The elephant into the elephant trunk hill, from then on, standing quietly in the side of the lijiang river, long nose draw water in water as if is in congjiang." "Elephant also attracted by the beautiful scenery of guilin to live." The little girl said again.

Aunt huang then introduce us to guilin. Elephant trunk hill mountain is hidden hole, she says, is like a body, and trunk naturally formed round hole, clear river water injection flow, float above the boat. Standing on the elephant trunk hill, the castle peak emerald green, bamboo to show small river boat leisurely, the shore of cigarette smoke.

"There will be many poets read poetry?!" She suddenly turn temper: "song ji north ChuShi and hidden hole rhyme poem:" the bottom has a bright moon, bright moon floating water. Current month, month to water flow. "Vividly depicts the scene; Ming dynasty poem Kong Yong have great way: clear drink YuHe trunk, westerly winds should a water wave, castle peak naturally RaoJi bone, can at more than one hundred days." "Looks like guilin fame good big!" The little boy cried sat behind me. "

The lijiang river like a jade belt winding, winding in the green mountain, swim the li river boat, yamagata, reflection, clear water, green hill, the shepherd boy, handsome, and ancient legends, the rural people, pure and fresh breath of of primitive simplicity, it is no wonder that scholars and the people, all with. Rock down into the water like a trunk the lijiang river water, scenic, let people couldnt help feeling the creations of nature.

There is a song called "often go home to have a look". There is a desire togo out and have a look. Welcome to the pure land of Fantian, Taoyuan andTongren. I am the tour guide of this trip to Fanjing Mountain. Next to me ismaster Wang, the driver of our trip to Fanjing Mountain. He has many years ofdriving experience. Guizhou not only has the reputation of "ecological island,song and dance Island, wine Island, culture island", but also "cave world,mountain kingdom". Next, Ill bring you the tour guide of Fanjing Mountain,hoping to help you.

Fanjing Mountain is located at the junction of Jiangkou, Yinjiang andSongtao counties in the east of Guizhou Province. Nature has created the magicalscenery of Fanjing Mountain. To use a poem to describe it, it is full of strangerocks and trees, exotic animals and rare birds. Therefore, it is also one of the26 world nature reserves that have joined the United Nations "man and biosphere"reserve network, known as the "ecological kingdom". The whole Fanjing Mountainis huge, about 21 kilometers wide from east to west, 37 kilometers long fromnorth to south, with a total area of 567 square kilometers. The whole scenicarea has magnificent mountains and streams.

Members of the group, what we see is the longzongchan temple, which is alsothe entrance of the scenic spot. Please take your belongings and come with me toenter this holy land. We are all lucky people. Since April 20__, the ropeway ofFanjing Mountain has been officially opened. Fanjing Mountain, a tourist resortwith 7897 stone steps, is no longer unattainable. Today, we can overlook FanjingMountain through the ropeway cable car. We can have a panoramic view of thebeautiful scenery of Fanjing Mountain. At the same time, we can also overlookall kinds of exotic flowers, trees and rare birds in the forest Animals, becausethere are many rare animals and plants in many countries, such as qiangoldenmonkey, a national first-class protected animal, he is known as "the only childin the world", as well as Davidia involucrata, Abies faxoniana and variousbirds. In fact, we travel to experience the nature and enjoy the excitement andsense of achievement brought by the nature, so its a good choice to walk tenthousand steps to the top of Fanjing Mountain. When we hike to the top ofFanjing Mountain, we will have the feeling of "seeing all the small mountains ata glance". The total length of the trail is 26 kilometers, and its constructionis based on rocks, pebbles, and some other uses The cement is filled withcement, which is carried by the local residents bag by bag. What they have donehas played a role in ensuring our safety. Look at the beautiful farm fieldsnearby, we really deserve to enjoy hiking and sightseeing.

Fanjing Mountain is a famous "ancient Buddha Taoist center". Chengen templeis the best witness. Covering an area of 1200 square meters, Chengen temple isthe main building of Fanjing peak temple group. It is also one of the fivefamous Buddhist mountains. It is also the only Maitreya Buddhist Taoist center,which is similar to Manjusri Bodhisattva Taoist center in Wutai Mountain ofShanxi Province, Puxian Bodhisattva Taoist center in Emei Mountain of SichuanProvince and Guanyin Bodhisattva Taoist center in Putuo Mountain of ZhejiangProvince Buddhist temples began in the Southern Song Dynasty, developedtortuously in the Yuan Dynasty, first flourished in the Yongle period of theMing Dynasty, and flourished in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It has ahistory of at least three or four hundred years. Since its opening, incense hasbeen extremely prosperous, and many people believe in worship

The Rhododendron corridor is the main attraction of Fanjing Mountain inspring, and it is worth visiting. As for Hongyun Jinding, it is a masterpiece ofFanjing Mountain. People pull the chain step by step to climb Hongyun Jinding,the second peak of Fanjing Mountain. For many people, it takes a lot of courageand a challenge. It rises from Fanjing Mountain and rises to the sky 100 metersabove the ground. It can be called "a pillar of heaven". On the top of it areMaitreya hall and Sakyamuni hall. It is said that the two Buddhists traveledhere together. When they saw the summit, they wanted to take it for themselves.Later, after mediation by the Jade Emperor, they took out a golden knife andsplit the golden roof in half. So the two Buddhists did not quarrel with eachother We share the fireworks in the world, so we have a wonderful work scissorsgorge and a classic ancient bridge Tianqiao. If we climb up the Jinding toworship, we will be happy like immortals. You need to refuel.

各位游客，大家好，现在我们的目的地是 ——西安碑林博物馆

西安碑林博物馆，位于西安市三学街孔庙遗址，是我国收藏古代碑石墓志时间最早，名碑最多，数量最大的一座艺术宝库，

孔庙遗址是西安碑林博物馆的重要组成部分，其建置历史可追溯到北宋末年，南门照壁上的“孔庙” 两字是由清代书画家刘晖书写的。现在的大门东西开，俗称“礼门”、“义路”。走进博物馆大门内，首先映入眼帘的是一座雕梁画栋的木牌枋，名叫“太和元气坊”。

西安碑林因碑石丛立如林而得名，它始建于公元1087年，距今已有900多年的历史，被誉为“石质书库”、“书法的故乡”。西安碑林是为保存唐代《石台孝经》、《开成石经》而建，经历代不断的整修充实，集中展出了汉魏至明清的碑石墓志1000多件。

游客朋友们，碑林博物馆的参观讲解就到这里，谢谢大家的配合，欢迎大家下次再来参观，谢谢大家!

My dear friends,

Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.

Confucius had a famous remark: “What a delight to have friends from afar.”Today I am very glad to have an opportunity of making new friends and to be yourtour guide. I wish to thank you for your cooperation and also ready to take yoursuggestions and advice regarding my service.

What we are going to visit now is the Confucius Temple. This temple iswhere sacrifices are offered to Confucius. Work on these structures began duringthe second year after Confucius’s death. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace’s construction. The layout is as follows: There are 5 halls, 1pavilion, 1 altar, and 3 ancestral temples. It is divided into 9 courtyards.Altogether there are 466 rooms, 54 gateways and over 1000 stone tablets andsteles. It covers an area of 21.8 hectares (equals to 327.5 mu) and is over 1kilometers long from north to south. It is magnificent and resplendent andirrespective of the angle from which you enjoy viewing the temple. It iscommensurate with influence and fame of Confucius. As such, it is very rareworld historical treasure.

The Confucius Temple’s first gateway is called Golden Sound and JadeVibration Gateway (金声玉振门), “Golden Sound ” and “Jade Vibration” symbolize thewhole process of playing music in

ancient time. The music starts with the beating of a drum and ends with thestriking of an inverted bell (磬). This means that Confucius’s thoughts are acomprehensiveexpressionssaints’ ideas.

Now we come to the Ling Star Gate. This gate was erected in Ming Dynastyand was rebuilt in 1754. The three characters were written by Emperor Qianlong.The legend has it that there are 28 constellations in the galaxy. The star incharge of culture is called“Ling Star” or “Wenqu Star”. People believe Confuciusis the Ling Star. So they show respect to Confucius is as important as to showrespect to Heaven.

Look at this stone stele on the temple gate’s eastern wall. It is writtenon the stele that “officials should dismount here.” In the past, the civil andmilitary officials and people in the street were required to get off from theirhorses or sedan chairs and walk on foot when they passed by the Temple to showtheir reverence for Confucius and his temple.

We are now entering the Dacheng Gate (大成门). The Temple of Confucius isdivided into three layouts from here. The middle gate is the Dacheng Gate; thetwo beside the Dacheng Gate are the Golden Sound Gate on the left and JadeVibration Gate on the right. The one on farther western side is the Qisheng Gate(启圣门) and the one on

farther eastern side is the Chengsheng Gate (承圣门).

This is the main hall of the Temple of Confucius. Dacheng Hall, togetherwith the Forbidden City’s Hall of Supreme Harmony and Daimiao Temple’s TiankuangHall (天贶殿) in Tai’an city (泰安) are called the three greatest halls in China or“the Three Greatest Halls in the East”. This hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78meters wide and 24.8 meters deep. It is surrounded by 28 dragon columns carvedout of whole blocks of stone. The 10 columns in front are deep relief sculpturesand the others are shallow ones. They are made with exquisite technique and aretreasures of the whole world. Carved on each column are two dragons twisting andflying. They are made true to life and are completely different from each other.The birthday of Confucius is on September 28th and grand commemorationactivities are held here in which people pay homage to Confucius. During thefestival, music and dancing are performed and visitors from home and abroadswarm to Qufu. Various cultural and tour activities are rich and colorful andyou’re welcome to attend this festival and enjoy yourselves in this world-famousevent.

Hello, everyone! Welcome to Henan. Im glad to be your guide today. My nameis sun. You can call me sun Dao.

Today we are visiting Yuntai Mountain, which is a national scenic spot, thefirst batch of 5A national tourist attractions and the first batch of globalgeoparks. Yuntai Mountain is located in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo City, HenanProvince, with a total area of 190 square kilometers. There are 11 scenic spots,including Hongshi gorge, tanpu gorge, quanpu gorge, Qinglong gorge, Fenglingorge, macaque Valley, Zhuyu peak, Diecai cave, Wanshan temple, Zifang lake,Baijiayan and so on. It is a comprehensive scenic spot with rift valleystructure and hydrodynamic effect, supplemented by natural ecology and culturallandscape Scenic Attraction.

Yuntai Mountain is famous for its mountains and water. In spring, it isfull of mountain flowers. In summer, it is full of waterfalls and springs. Inautumn, it is full of red leaves. In winter, it is covered with snow. It issuitable for all seasons. There are unique red stone gorge in the world,Yuntaishan waterfall, the highest drop in Asia, tanpu gorge, the most beautifulgorge in Central China, Zhuyu peak, a famous saying written by Wang Wei, a greatpoet of the Tang Dynasty, that "you are a stranger in a foreign land, and youmiss your relatives in every festival", and Baijiayan, which is praised as "alake in the world, with thousands of sceneries in it". Today we are on thescene, you tourists will be able to feast your eyes.

Now our car has been parked in Yuntai Mountain scenic area. After you getoff, you can enter various scenic spots according to the signs, and visit andtake photos at will. But pay attention to protect the environment of the scenicspot, do not litter. We are still gathering here at 4 p.m. for the return trip.Please observe the time.

Ladies and gentlemen, we are going to travel from Jingdezhen to Wuyuan, themost beautiful village in China, the last Shangri La in China. The driving timeis about 1 or 5 hours. Xiao Hua would like to ask you a question? Did you oftensee Wuyuan in newspapers or on the Internet five years ago? (smile) it should berare to see it? Yes, Wuyuan has been on the rise in recent years One day in20__, when our jiangshuji came to Wuyuan one day, he inadvertently told theentourage that I finally came to my hometown. At that time, the entourage wassurprised and said: "Chairman, your hometown is not from Jiangsu? How can itbecome a la from Jiangxi?" At that time, our General Secretary Jiang Mimi saidwith a smile: "you dont know, my grandfather came out of Jiangwan Town here,and I am also this person.". At that time, the general secretary wrote down: themost beautiful countryside in China! Then, Wuyuan officially vigorouslydeveloped the tourism industry in 20__, and the slogan at that time was the mostbeautiful countryside in China, the last Shangri La in China. Many photographershave come here to discover the beauty of this place. Especially in March everyyear, the golden rape flowers, the unique white wall, the Horsehead wall ofDaiwa and the Hui style buildings with flying eaves become the paradise forthose tourists who love photography, making them forget to return!

Now that we have entered Wuyuan, you can see that the buildings outside thewindow are all Huizhou style buildings. You may wonder why there are still Anhuistyle buildings in Jiangxi. In fact, before that, it was one of the sixprefectures and one county in Huizhou. During the period of the Republic ofChina, Mr. Jiang assigned it to Jiangxi in 1937 to suppress bandits, Beforeliberation, it returned to Jiangxi. 99% of the water in Wuyuan converged toPoyang Lake. It only took us two hours to drive from Tunxi in Anhui, and two tothree hours to drive from Quzhou in Zhejiang. Transportation is very convenient,but in ancient Wuyuan, because there are many mountains, transportation is veryinconvenient. To sum up with a sentence by Xiaohua, Wuyuan is "divided into halfmountains, half fields, half waterways and manors". This kind of environmentcaused people in ancient Wuyuan to understand that when they were poor, theywould think of change. Here is a sentence about the fate of the men here: "theywere born in Huizhou in the past, From this nursery rhyme, we can see that themen here were very bitter before. Because of the large mountains, small land andlarge population, they had to go out to do business. Many people in ancientWuyuan were engaged in tea business and timber business, and gradually formed agroup of Hui merchants. Speaking of merchants, we all know that there have beenthree very famous business schools in China since ancient times. The first oneis just Shanxi merchants, when it comes to Shanxi merchants, you should think ofthe scene of "Qiaos courtyard", which reflects the brilliant image of ageneration of Shanxi Merchants Qiao Zhiyong. The second business school is ourHui merchants, and the Hui merchants must think that Xiang Yang, the author ofChinese Taiwan, wrote a book "red top businessman Hu Xueyan". Hu Xueyan can be said tobe a model of businessmen at all times and in all over the world. He is a modelin both business and conduct. Therefore, if you often go to bookstores, you willfind books about him. For example, in the recent 100 forums, a famous professorin Taipei, Zeng Zhiqiang, wrote a book "Hu Xueyans Enlightenment". It can beseen that Hu Xueyan knew the talents, made great efforts to relieve WangYouling, a poor scholar, and finally became a famous businessman in the worldfrom a primary school apprentice to a rich one. It can be said that he was amodel in the business world! The third business road was the Jiangyou gang inJiangxi Province! Although the businessmen were very rich, they had a lot ofmoney There are three wives and six concubines in the house, but in fact, howhumble the status of merchants in ancient times is? In ancient times, theranking is officials, peasants, workers and merchants. The highest status isscholars, and everything is inferior. Only scholars are high, officials andscholars are the highest, followed by farmers, because they have land, thencraftsmen, and finally merchants. What is the status of merchants at that timeThey are humble, so they try to earn money, go back to their hometown to marry awife, build a big house, donate money to build ancestral temples, bridges androads, so as to improve their status and identity in their hometown. So you cantake a look at the house in Wuyuan, which is made into a horse head wall. From adistance, it looks like an ancient woman looking forward to her own mans earlyreturn!

When it comes to Wuyuan, this place is just like a womans Jasper, brightand elegant. You can see from his name that this place has something to do withwomen. Take a look at the word "Wu" in "Wuyuan". There is a girls "woman"below. This thin woman has a "spear" on her left shoulder. In ancient times,"spear" was a very sharp weapon, and his right shoulder is beside a palindrome,which means that you cant offend the women here? (laughter), although she isweak and small The women in Wuyuan are typical: they can get into the hall, getout of the kitchen, raise a son, and meet their parents daughter-in-law. Justnow we said that Wuyuan men have a hard life and will go out to do business atthe age of thirteen or fourteen. But who knows that Wuyuan women are also veryhard. To marry here or a businessman, we not only have to suffer from Acacia,but also learn to fight by ourselves When it comes to the relationship betweenmother-in-law and daughter-in-law, its a science, a great knowledge. As thesaying goes: "three women in a play, five women top five thousand ducks.". Sothis is also a compulsory course for women in Wuyuan. When women in Wuyuan getmarried, they have some interesting customs. For example, they have to cry ontheir wedding day. You must think its strange that they are very happy and itsnot lucky to cry. But people in Wuyuan must cry. The more you cry, the betteryoull get married! If you dont cry, the neighbors will joke that this womanshusband doesnt love her in the future! (smile) after Wuyuans womans crying,her husband will carry her from the ladys building to the sedan chair, andbring her wedding makeup to her husbands house. When we get to the door of myhusbands house, the new lady will get off the sedan chair and knock on the doorof my husbands house. This is that the future mother-in-law will open the doorto "greet", and this greeting will also give a big gift! What do you guess?First of all, Wuyuans mother-in-law is very fierce. As the saying goes: tenyears later, when her daughter-in-law becomes a mother-in-law, she must beruthless, or how to discipline her daughter-in-law in the future? (laughter)guess! Well, when her mother-in-law opens the door, she slaps her face loudly!Hehe, Wuyuans daughter-in-law doesnt cry or make noise, and her mother-in-lawbeats her What should she do? Wuyuan has been a "book town" since ancient times.Everything is very implicit. For example, Wuyuan peoples restroom is not calledrestroom, but called "Shuyuan". In ancient times, there were couplets inShuyuan, which said: "common peoples families often come here, and the emperoralso comes here!" lets say that the daughter-in-law was beaten, but at thistime, she waved calmly and asked people to carry the dowry into the house Letssee what the dowry is. First, a rice sieve, second, a pair of scissors, third,five well diggers, fourth, a contract to divide the land, fifth, a coffin,sixth, a secret weapon and two tea bags.

You may be surprised, what are these used for? Guess again? (the answers ofordinary guests make me faint) Hey hey! Tell you! First of all, rice sieve tellsmy mother-in-law that you dont have to beat me or scold me. I may have manyshortcomings before marriage, and I also have many advantages. Today I bringrice sieve, and I will screen my disadvantages and advantages every day Illcorrect the bad points by myself, and Ill keep the good ones, so you dont haveto beat me or scold me!

Secondly, a pair of scissors is to tell mother-in-law that if your sonchanges his heart one day, or our relationship is bad, we will deal with ouremotional problems by ourselves, and you dont have to talk about it. Son, yourdaughter-in-law cant do it. Repair her, right? We will deal with our feelings,just like taking this pair of scissors, and it will never be broken. Please restassured!

Third, five well diggers. People in Wuyuan used to drink well water, so mymothers family helped dig well. A field, and a coffin together means to tell mymother-in-law that although I married into your house today, the water I drankwas dug by my mother-in-laws family, and the rice I ate was planted in my ownfield, including that I didnt need your coffin when I died! So you beat me andscolded me, I didnt have to fight back! Haha! As for tea bags? (to know theanswer, please listen to the next analysis)!

Dear tourist friends: hello and welcome to Langya Mountain, a national keyscenic spot. Im the local tour guide. Of course, you can call me.. First ofall, on behalf of all the staff of Langya Mountain Scenic Area, I would like towelcome you. Next, I will lead you to enjoy the beauty and show of LangyaMountain. Do you know what Langya Mountain is famous for? Well, yes, in fact,Langya Mountain is famous for the book "drunken man Pavilion" written by OuyangXiu, a great literary scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, In the beginningof the story of the drunken man Pavilion, Langya Mountain was praised as "themost beautiful forest valley, the most magnificent and beautiful one, Langyaalso". In 20__, Langya Mountain was rated as the first batch of 4A scenic spotsapproved by the National Tourism Administration. Its main peaks are Dafengmountain, Xiaofeng mountain, Huashan Mountain, Fenghuang mountain, etc. itshighest peak is Huashan Mountain, with an altitude of 331 meters, and the othersare mostly between 200 and 300 meters. There are more than 50 springs in thescenic spot, with clear water Sweet, as well as Langya River, Shenxiu lake,Phoenix Lake and other streams and lakes, the scenery of lakes and mountains isshining. The arrival of tourists is really a kind of visual enjoyment. Now wesee the South Gate of Langya Mountain. Lets go in from here. Now we come to thefirst scenic spot of Langya Mountain - Langya ink garden, which is a kind ofgarden architecture, displayed in the grand view The white walls and blacktiles, cornices, pavilions, pavilions, small bridges and rockeries in front ofmy home reflect the style of Suzhou gardens. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties,many literati, such as Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi and Xin Qiji, have left alarge number of precious poems here. In order to better display these Langya inktreasures, the staff of the scenic spot collected and sorted out the informationabout Langya Mountain More than 200 poems and famous calligraphies and paintingsare engraved here, so it is called "Langya ink garden". You can see that thesecalligraphies and paintings are like flowing clouds and flowing water, whichshows the authors deep love for Langya Mountain Now we all walk along thismountain road and come to the most famous scenic spot of Langya Mountain,zuiwongting. In fact, zuiwongting was built in the fourth year of Qingli periodin the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, it was just a small pavilion fortourists to rest. However, because Ouyang Xiu wrote the famous poem "zuiwongtingJi" here, it has become famous all over the world. The current zuiwongtingcovers an area of about 5000 square meters, and was listed as "zuiwongting Ji"in 1956 As a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level, you cansee that the three words "zuiwang Pavilion" on the gate of the courtyard werewritten by Quanjiao people in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Afterwalking eastward through the patio, you will arrive at zuiwang Pavilion, whichis a kind of Xieshan architectural style. The cornice is tilted and 16 columnsare separated in four directions.

You can see the wooden railings around. This is the place where Ouyang Xiuused to drink wine and write poems with his guests. Visitors can stand here toexperience the artistic conception of the great literati at that time. Now wecome to the "Erxian hall", so its named Siyi. It was built in memory of thesages. Erxian hall was built in the Northern Song Dynasty to commemorate twoChuzhou prefects, Wang Yu and Ouyang Now we can see the photocopies of the songand Ming Dynasty edition of "zuiwengtingji" and Ouyang Xius handwriting. Now wewalk westward to "Bao song Zhai". Here we can see the stone tablets carved in"zuiwengtingji" written by Su Shi, Ouyang Xius proud disciple. Because OuyangXius prose and Su Shis calligraphy are the highest in the Northern SongDynasty Therefore, later generations call this monument "two unique steles".Now, if you go further, you can see the spring. This is the well-known rangspring. Around the rang spring now is a square pool made of stones. Look - thereis a stele inscribed "rang spring" by Mr. Wang cikui, governor of Chuzhou in20__ of Kangxi. The square pool is about three feet long and one foot deep. Thespring flows into the square pool first, and then flows northward into the glassmarsh. The water temperature of Fangchi has not changed much all the year round,and it has been kept at 17-18 ℃. The spring water contains a variety of traceelements beneficial to human body, which are sweet and clear. Dear tourists, wecome to Ouyang Xiu Memorial Hall. When we enter the inner hall, do you see thestatue of Ouyang Xiu? There are more than 30 murals that comprehensivelyintroduce Ouyang Xius life. The gallery is inlaid with Su Shi and Zhao Shi fromSong Dynasty Meng? And other great calligraphers wrote the story of the drunkenman Pavilion, which is amazing. Now we walk along the ancient Langya road forabout 400 meters and come to Langya temple, which was formerly known as BAOYINGtemple. It is said that before the temple was built, Li Youqing, the governor ofChuzhou, who was in charge of the construction of the temple, once drew apicture for emperor Zong of the Tang Dynasty. It happened that emperor Zong ofthe Tang Dynasty dreamt that there was a Temple deep in a mountain forest thenight before. The shape and scale of the temple were very similar to those onthe picture. He was very happy, so he was specially named "BAOYING Temple"."BAOYING Temple" has gone through many vicissitudes. Most of the buildings thattourists see now are rebuilt in the 30 years of the Qing Dynasty.

Langya temple was officially named after Langya temple in 1984. There aremore than 80 scenic spots in Langya temple. Now you can see the main building ofLangya temple, which is located in the center of the temple. The hall is 14meters high and 15.3 meters deep. Its shape is simple and elegant, and itsmomentum is majestic. There are vivid statues of Sakyamuni and the eighteenArhats in the hall. The body of the statues is covered with gold, the goldenlight is brilliant, and the expression is vivid. Now we walk to the right andcome to the Sutra Pavilion. Its original name is "Sutra Pavilion". The SutraPavilion we see today was rebuilt in 1919, with the four characters "Sanzangxuanshu" engraved on the forehead. It is said that there was a precious book ofBeiye scriptures in this building. There is a thousand Jade Buddha Halldownstairs, in which more than one thousand jade Buddhas from Myanmar aredisplayed. Listen, I really want to go in and have a look, but now itsgone.

Dear tourist friends, todays tour is coming to an end. Im very glad thatyou all support and cooperate with me very much. In this short time, I hope itwill become an eternal memory in your tour. I hope you will have the opportunityto serve you next time. I wish you happy and smooth every day in your futurelife. Goodbye!

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to the great wall of Tangshan. Im your guide.

The Great Wall winds 220 kilometers in Tangshan, with 29 famous passes.With its ups and downs and Pentium, it has gathered the essence of Ming theGreat Wall. Along the Great Wall, the folk customs are ancient and simple, andthere are many anecdotes and legends, which are the best tourism products ofTangshan.

Jiufengshan Great Wall in Zunhua, Panjiakou underwater Great Wall inQianxi, marble Great Wall in Qianan, qingshanguan, xifengkou, lengkouguan,prison building, seventy-two voucher building, shuimen, brick kiln of greatwall, horse breeding circle and so on are all the unique features of the GreatWall, which have produced more and more influence at home and abroad in recentyears. The Great Wall on Jiufeng Mountain is less than one foot high and lessthan three feet wide, because the officials who built the great wall are greedyfor silver and cut corners. It is a typical "tofu dregs Great Wall".

Qingshanguan city is one Zhang and four feet high, and sixteen Zhang andnine feet high on Saturday. It was built in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty.From a distance, it looks exquisite and antique. 72 coupons building is made upof 72 arches, which are very beautiful; the water gate is made of green bricks,which is still intact after hundreds of years of wind, rain and mountaintorrents. Zuosan kiln, known as the Great Wall kiln, is located in dalingzhai,Qianxi. It was discovered in 1985 and got its name because of the inscription"zuosan" on the bricks. In 1993, seven ancient Great Wall brick kilns wereexcavated, which is a complete brick material base along the Great Wall, andsolved the mystery of the origin of the great wall bricks. Qianan marble GreatWall is about 1.5 kilometers long, 10 meters high and 5 meters wide. The base ofthe city and the enemy tower are mostly made of marble, which is very rare inthe Great Wall.

Xifengkou, known as songtingguan in ancient times, is a famous ancientbattlefield in history. When the 29th Route Army resisted the Japanese invasionin China, the Dagao March was a household name, adding infinite charm toXifengkou Great Wall. Along the Great Wall, there are also a series of scenicspots, such as the headquarters of Ji Town, where Qi Jiguang, a national hero,led military affairs and defended the border for 16 years, the originator of theearths rocks identified by UNESCO, the granulite ancient rock of TAIPINGZHAI3.67 billion years ago, and the Paleolithic site of Zhaocun village inQianan.

Well, tourists, Tangshan ancient Great Wall is here for you. Thank you foryour support!

各位游客：

首先我们参观的是有壮阔气势的明城墙。我们眼前的城墙是明时的。明太祖朱元璋认为“如江山永固，非深沟高垒，内储外备，不能为安。”于是从明洪武三年(公元1370年)下诏修城开始动工，历时8年完工，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上，向东、向北各扩建了4分之1上修筑而成的，形成了今天的城墙。现在我们看到的西安城墙是一个东西长，南北短的长方形，周长13.79公里，面积11.5平方公里。是一个功能设计周密，形制宏伟的军事防御设施。下来我给大家分别将西安城墙各部分的建筑构造既城防作用一一作以介绍：

首先我们看见的是护城河，也叫“城壕”，它是阻止敌人进攻的第一道防线。横跨护城河上唯一的通道就是我们眼前的的吊桥。吊桥在过去由守护城门士兵掌管，他们听从“晨钟暮鼓”的指挥定时升降。一旦有战事来临，吊桥就被高高生起，整个城市就成为一个封闭的战斗堡垒。刚才有朋友问在那里控制吊桥，这也就是我们下面要来参观的城门，上面是闸楼，即控制吊桥升降之处。城门是防御设施相当重要的一个环节，那么现在请大家跟随我进入城门，来了解西安城墙的另外一个组成部分。

事实上完善的城门是由闸楼、箭楼、正楼组成。我们看到的最外面的就是有闸楼，它最主要的作用就是控制吊桥的升降，并且也具有夜间打更的作用。闸楼是两层悬山式结构，虽然形式十分简洁，但有着举足轻重的作用。这是城市的二道防线。

前面能看到的那座建筑是箭楼。箭楼共有箭窗66孔，形成了一个扇型的攻击面，士兵可凭窗居高临下杀伤敌人。

在闸楼与箭楼之间，形成的半月形的空间，我们叫做瓮城。它的作用在于如果敌人攻入城门后，进入瓮城，这时会受到瓮城上4面居高临下的攻击，犹如瓮中捉鳖。

我们所能看见对面的建筑是正楼，正楼是西安城墙最里层的建筑。正楼建筑形式为重檐歇山式，是主将战时坐镇指挥守城的指挥所。

高大的城门，城门是敌我双方交战的薄弱环节，也是统治者苦心经营的防御重点。明代修筑城墙时，十分重视城门的防御功能。其中他们有一个非常大的技术突破，打破了西汉开始沿用了1520xx年之久的“过梁式”城门，这种门最大的缺点是经不起火攻，所以就有了“城门失火，殃及迟鱼”的典故。明代城门采用的是券拱式的门洞，可以有效的抵御火攻，所以大大提高了城墙的防御能力。西安城墙门从上到下横箍着9道宽15厘米的铁条，上钉1800个蘑菇钉，加强了门扇的强度，使箭矢无法射入门中，从而加强了城门对抗进攻的能力。这是城墙的第三道防线。

我们可以见到城门上有永宁门几个字。在明西安城墙的东、西、南、北面各有一座城门。南门曰永宁门，意思是南方是火神所在地，就是向火神祷告，不起火灾，永保安宁。东门名长乐门，因明都城南京位于西安东面，“长乐”二字带有祈祝大明江山万年不衰，长久欢乐之愿望。西门为安定门，暗示西部边疆安泰康定。北门名安远门，意指北部边塞长远安定，不起战乱。

现在我们就登上城墙，来感受他壮阔的气势。城墙的最底层是用石灰、黄土、糯米汁搅拌夯打而成，干燥之后，坚硬如石。历史上对城墙曾多次维修，有两次最有名。第一次是在明隆庆二年(公元1568年)，当时的陕西巡抚张祉在城墙底顶面和外壁都包砌了青砖，使整个城墙显得壮阔和雄伟。清乾隆年间，当时的陕西巡抚毕沅又对城墙进行了大规模的维修、加固，将包砖增厚，铺设海墁，并增修排水系统。城墙顶上的这个平面就是海墁，它是城上调兵谴将的通道，用三合土垫底，上面铺有两层城砖而成，即可便利于城上交通，又可防止雨水下渗。海墁从外向内有5度的倾斜面，可将雨水迅速导入城内侧的排水槽，有效的保护了墙体不被水浸泡，起到了保护墙体的作用。城墙每相隔40—60米一个有排水槽，它们为砖石结构，附贴在城墙内侧，从墙顶直达墙下，与沟渠相通。西安城墙之所以保存至今，这套完整的排水系统起到了很大的作用。

为了保证士兵及车马在城上行走安全，在墙顶内沿建有宇墙。为了了望方便，在外沿上又筑有垛墙。在垛墙的底部的方孔，又叫悬眼是士兵可向外窥察、射击的地方。

沿城墙外侧有向外突出的实心墩台叫做敌台，俗称马面。在城墙上共有98座。各敌台相距120米，这个距离和过去的武器是有关系的，120米的中点是60米，恰是弓箭、飞钩、滚木等武器的有效射程，它的出现使士兵作战视野开阔，战术运用灵活。一旦敌人攻城，会受到来自城墙和左右敌台、敌楼三方面的射击。构成了一个立体交叉火力网，大大的提高了城墙的战斗力和防御功能。

在城墙的四个转角处有角楼。值得一提的是，除西南角为圆形角台外，其它三个角台均为方形，为何只有这一角台为圆形的呢?明城墙是在唐长安城基础上向东北扩建三分之一而成的，它的西南角，正好是唐皇城的一个城角，因唐皇城城角为圆形，所以就维持了原状。

以上就是我带大家参观的明代城墙，下面我们去了解一下另外的明代建筑，钟楼和鼓楼。钟和鼓是中国最早出现的打击乐器，两三千年前，钟和鼓是用来祭祀和宴享的礼器和乐器，到了汉代，尤其是五胡十六国和魏晋南北朝时期，钟和鼓被用做军旅指挥的信号和军乐。到了唐代的就有了报时的功能，正如文人墨客在诗中描述的“将则鸡人报晓时，尚疑方近翠云秋。“还有“六街鼓绝行人歇，九曲茫茫空有月。”描绘的就是人们闻钟声而起，闻鼓声而息的情况，这就是大家常说的“晨钟暮鼓”。钟楼和鼓楼上的钟和鼓都是明代，所以它们自然也都有报时的功能。钟楼和鼓楼建于明代，西安是明代的军事重镇，钟鼓楼无论从建筑特色、还是艺术价值，都居于同类建筑之冠。

朋友们，我们首先来钟楼。钟楼位于市中心东、西、南、北四条大街的交汇处，有“天下第一钟楼”之誉。要了解钟楼，就要从钟说起。真正钟楼上的钟是唐景云年间的“景云钟”，它是一口六吨重的铜钟。它是以钟乳来调节音律，声音洪亮悠扬，中央人民广播电台的新年钟声便是原来悬挂在钟楼上“景云钟”钟声的录音。当时钟楼的位置并不在现在的地方，那么它在哪儿呢?钟楼最初的位置在鼓楼以西的“迎祥观”内，安史之乱时，“迎祥观”和钟楼毁于一旦。公元1384年，明朝政府重新修建了一座钟楼，就是我们现在看到的这座钟楼。随着经济的发展，西安城不断的扩建，钟楼就偏于城西，不在居于城市中心了。在这种情况下，公元1582年明政府就将钟楼迁移至今天的位置。据碑文记载，“楼唯柱基外，一无改创”。也就是说，除了新筑楼基外，其他都是原件原样。大家可以想象一下，6万立方米的巨型建筑，要进行整体的拆迁复原，没有高超的组织安装，没有严密的工程组织是很难实现的。所以这也是我们16世纪建筑史上一次划时代的创举。钟楼也因此更加提升了它的艺术价值。大家回头看立柱上有一幅楹联，“钟号景云鸣彩凤，楼雄川口锁金鳌。”说的就是钟楼拆迁的一个神话传说，更给钟楼增添了神秘色彩。

不过钟楼拆迁后，钟就敲不响了，很多人说是神物有灵，其实是钟房有问题。它中间高，四周下倾，重檐覆盖，好象给钟戴了个帽子，戴翁以呼，声音当然不能传的很久远。后把钟就放到了屋外。最后以明成化年间所铸的一口铁钟取代，大家现在看到的这口钟是近年复修的，原钟现在收藏在西安碑林博物馆。当然我们今天敲钟已不在是为了报时，而是为了祈福，企求我们的生活平安如意，美满幸福。大家若有兴趣，不妨也敲几下。

好了朋友们，让我们回过头来欣赏钟楼的建筑吧。钟楼高36米，分别由基座、楼身、楼顶三部分组成，四面正对四个方向，开东西南北四个券洞。钟楼上下两层每一层都以“斗拱”作为装饰，它是中国古代木结构建筑上的一种特有的构件，一方面起到了装饰作用，一方面它可以根据力学原理，形成力的均匀负荷，“斗拱”用在屋檐下可以使屋顶的出檐加大，用在梁枋两端下面，则可以减小梁枋的跨度，加大梁枋的承受力。同时“斗拱”的数量还可以显示出这种建筑的规格和等级来。钟楼采用的四角攒尖式，对角线构筑，覆以琉璃瓦，屋角微微上翘，这种形制按文人的描述“如鸟思阁，如喙思飞”，就好比展翅飞翔的鸟。象钟楼这种出檐3层的，我们把它叫重檐三滴水，这种形制不但可以增加建筑的美观，还能减少雨水顺而下落时对建筑的冲击力。

钟楼不但整体气势恢弘，细部也十分精美。大家现在看到的格子门，门扉上都有木刻浮雕，内容有声动感人的民间传说、回味无穷的历史故事，楼上楼下加起来共有64幅，如我们熟悉的“八仙过海、踏雪寻梅、长生殿盟誓”等。

了解完了钟楼 ，下面我们将要参观的是与钟楼遥相呼应的鼓楼。

鼓楼距离钟楼只有250 米，它建于公元1380年，鼓楼要比钟楼大的多。鼓楼高34米，基座呈长方形，。现在它的南北两面还各开高为6米的十字型券洞，一直到今天还是交通要道。它的北面还有著名的小吃街。

鼓楼上曾用来报时的大鼓已不知去向，1996年西安市文物局投巨资制作了一面大鼓，就是我们大家现在看到的着面“闻天鼓”。这面大鼓的鼓面是用整张牛皮蒙制的，声音深厚洪亮，重棰之下，十里可闻，这面大鼓已经申报进入了世界基尼斯大全，所以今天来的朋友们都非常的幸运，因为大家看到了世界上最大的鼓。

鼓楼的南北两侧檐下，过去曾悬挂着两幅巨匾额，南面为“文武盛地”。文王、武王时期，天下和平安泰、国富民强，说明了西安古往今来的发达昌盛。北面匾文“声闻于天”，典故是《诗经》中“鹤鸣九皋、声闻于天”。两幅巨匾犹如画龙点睛，使鼓楼生气盎然，为这座古建筑增添了不少光彩，遗憾的是这两块巨匾，在十年浩劫中已被毁坏，现在的匾额按照原有历史资料恢复的。

以上就是我们今天参观的明城墙、钟鼓楼。这些建筑记录了西安沧海桑田的历史，也铭刻了西安人心中的悲怆与骄傲。他们作为历史古迹，就象陈年的老酒，使人心醉，让人回味。

Friends: I believe you are not unfamiliar with Tianmen Mountain. The worldaerobatics Grand Prix held in November 1999 completed the feat of human flyingthrough natural karst caves for the first time, and the name of Tianmen Mountainsuddenly entered the worlds vision. How many people hope to have a glimpse ofTianmen Mountain. Today, you finally get what you want!

Tianmen Mountain is about 8 kilometers away from the south of ZhangjiajieCity. The top of the mountain is 1.93 kilometers wide from north to South and1.96 kilometers long from east to west. It covers an area of 2.2 squarekilometers and has an altitude of 1518.6. It is different from Wulingyuanssandstone peak forest landscape by its well-developed karst landform. It is aplatform shaped isolated mountain surrounded by cliffs.

Tianmen Mountain was called Songliang mountain in the Han Dynasty. In theThree Kingdoms period, a door was opened on the wall of the mountain. Sun Xiu,king of Wu, regarded it as an auspicious omen and renamed it Tianmen Mountain.Tianmen Mountain is a masterpiece of nature. In the long geological history, ithas experienced marine sedimentation rising to continental sedimentation,forming a high mountain, and suffered hundreds of millions of years of wind andrain erosion, especially the Triassic Yanshan movement. At the end of theCretaceous, the large-scale Himalayan orogeny further uplifted the TianmenMountain, which was cut into isolated mountains by two fault canyons, resultingin a great height difference between the high mountains and the valley, with aheight difference of more than 1300 meters within a few kilometers, thuscreating the majestic momentum of the isolated peaks of the TianmenMountain.

Tianmen Mountain is a mysterious carrier of historical culture and Buddhismculture, and a perfect combination of natural landscape and human landscape.

In order to speed up the process of tourism development in Zhangjiajie,Tianmen Mountain is in the process of large-scale development and construction.Some scenic spots have not been officially opened; the worlds longest ropewayand Tianmenshan temple are under construction.

(Tianmen cave) on the 1264 meter high cliff of Tianmen Mountain, there is anatural gate cave from north to south. It is 131.5 meters from the bottom to thetop, 37 meters wide and 30 meters deep. On the top edge of the north side of thecave, there is an inverted dragon head bamboo with roots like dragon head andleaves like phoenix tail, so it is also called Phoenix Tail Bamboo. On the eastside is a trench more than 200 meters high, with spring water flowing from aboveand falling plum blossom rain. It is said that anyone who can open his mouth toreceive 48 drops of plum blossom rain can become an immortal. At the entrance ofTianmen cave, you can often see rock swallows flying and mountain Eaglescircling. With the change of weather, Tianmen cave sometimes breathes clouds,sometimes it is clear like a mirror, which forms a cyclic and ever-changingmeteorological landscape.

So, how did Tianmen cave form? Geologist Mr. Qin gongjiong thought that itwas the result of "funnel" dissolution. He thinks that the terrain on the eastside of Tianmen cave inclines slightly to the west, while the terrain on thewest side inclines slightly to the East, and the core of syncline is facingTianmen cave road. The East and west walls are cut by two joints with a strikeof about 320 degrees, and a joint with a strike of 40 degrees intersects withthem at Tianmen cave. Two karst funnels at the top of the cave also play animportant role in the karst process. After the rain falls, the surface waterflows along the slope to the funnel, and part of the water flowing into the soilflows down the interlayer cracks of the stratum towards the core of thesyncline. The long-term continuous dissolution process makes the local collapse,and finally makes the two groups of caves merge into one, forming the Tianmencave.

However, some people disagree with this: the Tianmen cave was formedaccording to this principle. Why is the base of the cave a huge platform? Canthese rocks "collapse" out of the cave? Therefore, the formation of Tianmen caveis still an unsolved mystery.

(Tianmenshan Temple) Tianmenshan temple was first built in the TangDynasty. It was called Yunbo temple, Lingquan courtyard and Songliang hall inancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, due to improper site selection, it wasrepeatedly destroyed by wind and often suffered from water shortage, soTianmenshan temple was moved from the eastern peak. It used to be a place withtowering ancient trees and thick shade. The lintel of the ancient temple isengraved with the four characters "Tianmen Xianshan". The couplet on both sidesof the gate is: "there is no night in the sky, and there is no mountain on themountain. It is said that Li Zicheng wrote a book by Ye Fu. The entrance is theGreat Buddha Hall, behind which is the Guanyin hall, with six bungalows on bothsides. The last one is the ancestral hall, which is of great scale. Folk can besummarized as "three into the hall, six ear room, brick wall, iron pot, such asKuang". The original architecture of the temple is very particular, withcornices and angles, carved dragons and painted phoenixes, and statues ofBuddhas and Bodhisattvas. There is also a big drum, a big bell, a seven levelstone tower and a Dahua money stove. According to the inscriptions, Tianmenshantemple was repaired seven times during the 163 years from the Qianlong period ofthe Qing Dynasty to the fifth year of the Republic of China. At that time, therewas an endless stream of believers from more than ten counties along the borderof Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. Now Tianmenshan Tourism Co., Ltd. isrepairing Tianmenshan temple on a large scale, and the former prosperity willreappear.

(longtouyan) its called longtouyan. In the past, there were stone tapsthat could be turned on the collapse. Longtou rock faces a cliff. It is saidthat in the past, many pilgrims, in order to show their sincerity in praying forGod and worshiping Buddha, held the dragons head in their hands and made acircle around the cliff. As long as they were sincere, they would guarantee younothing. Later, the dragon head was lifted off the cliff. Now we can only seethe stone pit where the dragon head was placed. Longtou rock is the best viewingplatform for sunrise. Li Jing, the magistrate of Yuezhou in the Ming Dynasty,wrote a poem praising Tianmen Mountain

The mountain reaches its peak, and the gate of heaven is within reach.

Looking up at Penglai under the red sun, looking forward to Lufu whiteclouds.

Cangya abrupt pine fir ancient, Qujing remote horse trace empty.

If you want to build the highest peak, flying must rely on the skywind.

(chisongfeng gold pool) this small pool is about 1.3 meters long, 0.6meters wide and only a few centimeters deep. No matter how dry it is, the waterwill not dry up all the year round. It is said that this is the gold pool ofchisongzi, the rain master of Shennong emperor in ancient times. Under thenorthern cliff, there is a peak like Danzao peak, which is called Danzao peak.At the top of the peak, there are clouds and mist, like the smoke rising fromthe stove. It is said that it is a stove used by red pine nuts for alchemy.There is a poem by predecessors: "in the past, there were immortal places. Therelics are left in Danzao, and they often come and go. " There are thunder caveand electricity cave under the peak of Danzao. It is said that in addition tousing the water from the golden pool, the red pine nut can reach a certaindegree of fire with the help of thunder and electricity.

There are many strange things in Tianmen Mountain, but the way is notclear. Among them, there are four ancient mysteries, which have been handed downfrom generation to generation. The first is the mystery of Tianmen opening, thesecond is the mystery of developing sweet potato millet, the third is themystery of turning water on the top of the mountain, and the fourth is themystery of wild Buddhas treasure. It is said that under the beech tree is thetreasure house of the wild Buddha. In the chapter "Tianmen Mountain" in thelocal records of Yongding County written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it issaid that "in the Ming Dynasty, the wild Buddha flew to this mountain fromJiashan temple. The wild Buddha was a bandit. After the incident, he cut off hishair and became a monk. He escaped from heaven. "

(ghost Valley cave) it is said that when Li Zicheng took Yefu up themountain, he took more than 100 people and horses and many gold and silvertreasures, hired nine wooden boats to sneak into Dayong secretly against the LiRiver, and went up Tianmen Mountain unconsciously. This time Yefu became a monk,he didnt really want to become a Buddha. Instead, he "sleeps" every day and"draws his sword to the altar" to "restore the Central Plains" and "wipe out thewhole world" one day. However, the situation took a sharp turn, the peasant armycollapsed, the Qing government was established, and Yefu finally died ofanxiety. It is said that before he died, he scattered all the treasures he hadbrought and hid them in several secret places in Tianmen Mountain. And poisonedall the migrant workers to death. For hundreds of years, I dont know how manybandits, pilgrims and mysterious monks of Tianmen Mountain have come to Tianmento worship. In fact, they have come back empty handed to peep at the terrain andsearch for treasure. Where the treasure is hidden is always a mystery.

Standing on the cliff 300 meters away, there is an inverted trapezoidalcave with trees at the entrance and waterfalls flying out of the cave. It issaid that Gui GuZi, a famous scholar in the Warring States period, once studiedthe book of changes in the cave wall, and devoted himself to practicing martialarts, creating the world-famous "ghost Valley magic skill". There is also asecret collection of Wulin, Tianmen 36 Tianchi, which is called Guigu cave bylater generations. Guiguzi was the founder of the Political Science in theWarring States period. His main work, maneuvering tactics, is known as awonderful book, which studies how to defeat each other by means of union ordivision in politics and diplomacy. Historians say that a history of the WarringStates period chaos is derived from Guigu cave, which shows that Guigu Zi isvery good. Luo Fuhai, a man of Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "ghost Valleycave": "peach blossom and flowing water go floating, smile into the clouds, andvisit the cave deeply. Hermit flow more buried surname Yu, vertical andhorizontal skills actually immortal. On the wall of the Dao script, sealcharacters are left, and lead is cremated in the furnace. I heard Jun playingmusic in my ears, and a waterfall fell to the top of ten thousand peaks. "Xixiping and guanliping at the foot of the mountain are famous places for hardQigong. Qigong master Zhao Jishu has visited many European countries withnational leaders and won honor for his motherland.

From the end of 1980s to the 1990s, Li Guangyu, a veteran of Chisongvillage at the southern foot of Tianmen Mountain, had been let down for sixtimes to investigate the cave. Once, when exploring the cave, he occasionallytook pictures of Guiguzis face studying the book of changes with his camera.This is a profile image with a five sense organ Gallery, which is clearlydistinguishable. It is similar to the picture of Guiguzi, which has been widelyspread so far. Whether the image of Guiguzi is so vivid is accidental orcoincidence, or Gods intentional arrangement, which has become a mystery ofTianmen Mountain.

(aerial garden) please note that there are many exposed stone buds andstone forests on both sides of the trail. They are high and low in differentshapes, like a line to welcome us. This is another remarkable feature of thekarst landform in Tianmen Mountain. There are many stone buds and stone forestson the top of the mountain, which are distributed in the middle of the denseforest, forming a unique and primitive air garden. They are like labyrinths oneby one, and they are also like the eight array pictures of Pushuos confusionand changes. Tourists travel through it with unlimited interest. Folk legend hasit that anyone who can successfully pass through these labyrinths will be ableto pass through the so-called forty-eight gates of all living beings. Myfriends, you may as well have a try now. I wish you a smooth life.