游览北京导游词【实用20篇】

北京是中华人民共和国首都是世界闻名的历史古城、文化名城。是全国的政治、经济、交通和文化中心。这里荟萃了中国灿烂的文化艺术，留下了许多名胜古迹和人文景观。北京是全国的政治、文化与国际交往中心，又是生机勃勃、充满活力的综合性产业城市。改革开放以后特别是""时期，中共北京市委、市政府提出了"首都经济"的概念。循着北京经济发展要立足北京、服务全国、面向世界的思路，对经济结构和布局进行调整，经济增长方式的加速转变，使全市国民经济持续快速健康增长，综合经济实力保持在全国前列。

北京具有丰富的旅游资源，对外开放的旅游景物达200多处，有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园、八达岭、慕田峪、司马台长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名胜古迹。全市共有文物古迹7309项，其中国家文物单位42个，市级文物保护单位222个。北京现有旅游定点饭店456座，其中星级饭店407座，客房8.4万间，旅行社456家，有21个主要语种的导游人员5000多人，形成了业务遍及全球市场。20xx年接待海外游客282.1万人次，旅游创汇27.7亿美元。北京市被国家旅游局评为"中国优秀旅游城市"。

就是这样一个城市，一个即使你一辈子都不曾离开，却依然对你有吸引力的城市，永远不会让你失望，永远不会让你寂寞!

古老而富有韵味之中又掺杂了现代都市繁华的庞大城区，向东南方铺展的广阔平原，加之逶迤蜿蜒、镇守城区西北的太行山脉和燕山山脉，成就了北京独特的魅力。园林遗迹，古刹皇陵，给北京城注入了深厚的人文底蕴;峻崖曲壑，丽泉飞瀑，为城郊挂上了一层神秘的面纱;而车水马龙的步行街和星罗棋布的商业区，则为这座古老的城市增添了时代的新生命力。北京，历史上曾经是几个朝代的都城，规模宏大的帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛、陵墓及其他古代建筑历经百年风雨仍井然有序、错落有致，俨然可见昔日皇城的威严。

北京的宫殿建筑首推故宫(又称紫禁城)，它是我国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿建筑群，原为明、清两代的皇宫，其建筑具有典型的中国古典风格，是我国最珍贵的文化和艺术宝库;颐和园兼有江南水乡的玲珑精致和北方园林的豪迈大气，园中山青水绿，景色怡人，在中外园林史上享有盛誉;天坛是我国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群，也是世界建筑艺术的宝贵遗产，它是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”和“祈谷”的地方，布局完整，环境优美;明十三陵是北京最大的古墓群，内有明代13个皇帝的陵墓，尤其以定陵规模最为浩大。

雄伟壮观的万里长城，是人类建筑史上罕见的古代军事防御工程，它以悠久的历史、浩大的工程、雄伟的气魄著称于世，被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”，为世界八大奇迹之一;北京的宗教建筑也久负盛名，有中国著名佛教胜地碧云寺、道教胜地白云观、喇嘛教胜地雍和宫以及伊斯兰教的牛街清真寺等;故宫前面的天安门广场能容纳100万人在此集会，是世界上最大的城市中心广场，建筑雄伟，气魄非凡。

北京作为我国文化中心，除拥有许多文化遗产如周口店的“北京人”遗迹、曹雪芹故居、石造联拱桥等，还有现代科技的结晶中关村。许多著名的学府如清华、北大等也汇聚于此，您尽可以漫步校园中想象朱自清、胡适等昔日大师在校任教时的情景。北京还有许多闻名遐尔的自然景观，如景色秀丽的香山公园、竹林遍地的紫竹院、环境幽雅的玉渊潭……

有着明显四季更迭变化的北京，将时刻为您带来美的感受。春的柔顺与明丽，夏的妩媚与多情，秋的成熟与风韵，冬的纯洁与晶莹。她丰富的地貌特征，让您穿林越谷，感受漂流与攀岩的刺激。在北京熙来攘往的城区之外，不出几十公里，便是一派田园风貌：数条河流纵情奔淌，千道峡谷雄奇幽深，崇山峻岭云雾缭绕，密林草甸空气清新，更有让人魂牵梦绕，永不厌倦的莽莽长城……娱乐项目更是花样翻新：登山探险、野炊宿营、驱车越野、徒步旅行、策马扬鞭、水中怡情等等，无论您是滑山(滑道)、滑水、滑冰、滑草亦或是滑雪，无论您想游水、游街、游空气(滑翔伞、蹦极)，总之，只要您是想不留下终身憾事，那就快来吧!北京的八个城区和十个远郊区县，时刻等待您的光临!

大家好，我是你们的_导。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首，又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫，是世界上现存最大，最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看，故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量，故宫有打大小院90多座，房屋980多座共8070间。

大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门，它高12米，可想而知，它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看，经过几百年的风吹雨打，它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶，当时，黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。

现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场，官员站的位置也很有讲究：文官站右，武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上，会看见精雕细琢的图案，它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走

现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾，龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳，是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧，那只黄龙居中，前爪作出环抱的样子，后足分撅海水，龙身弯曲，瞠目张颌，好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰，双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙，好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央，我也要!大家参观时不要摸，这样颜色会脱掉的，爱护文物，从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。

(玩了一会)

本次旅游到此结束，谢谢各位参观，再见!

各位游客大家好！欢迎来到北京天坛。我叫“汤采璇”，你们可以叫我“汤导游”。希望大家玩得开心，玩得愉快！

朋友们，现在到的地方就是北京天坛。大家往上看，有三个像似ufo的天坛。这么大，真是气魄雄伟！

天坛在原北京外城的东南部。位于故宫正南偏东的城南，正阳门外东侧。始建于明朝永乐十八年（1420年）。是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。总面积为273公顷，是明清两代用以“祭天祈谷“的建筑。天坛1961年，国务院公布天坛为”全国重点文物保护单位“。1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”。

天坛占地272万平方米，整个面积比紫禁城（故宫）还大些，有两重坦墙，形成内外坛，主要建筑祈年殿、皇穹宇、圜丘建造在南北纵轴。坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。圜丘坛在南，祈谷坛在北，二坛同在一条南北轴线上，中间有墙相隔。圜丘坛内主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇等，祈谷坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇朝乾殿、祈年门等。

“各位游客，今天的行程就到这里，欢迎大家有时间再来细细游赏。”

大家好!欢迎来北京旅游!我是您们的导游，大家可以叫我李导。今天，我们来到了什刹海，这里除了可以观赏美景外，主要是让大家见识一下这里的胡同。

胡同，其实就是我们南方说的巷子，也就是北京特有的一种古老小巷。据说，北京原有胡同六千多条，现在叫胡同的还有一千多条，其中什刹海的胡同有15条，虽然只是很小的一部分，但来北京看胡同不来这里就可惜了。

为什么呢?因为这里的胡同，曾经住过很多皇家的亲威、达官贵人，就连新中国的一些领导人都住在这里，如邓小平，宋庆龄......

大家逛胡同时，要注意观察胡同里那些大宅院的结构，单单是大宅院的门就非常有意思，我可以介绍一些：

很多大宅院门口两旁有门墩，门墩主要有两种，一种是方形的，一种是圆形的，方形代表主人是读书人出身，是文官;圆形像鼓，代表主人是武将出身，是武官。

那些大宅院的门槛也是有差异的，有的半尺高，有的一尺高。在古代，门槛体现主人的尊严和身份，门槛越高地位就越高。

还有一个很有意思的，就是有些王府上，门边有一条又窄又长的板凳，据说如果主人不愿意见客人，就叫仆人让他们在那边坐一会，板凳太窄不好坐，不管等多久，主人都不会接见。我们俗语说的“坐冷板凳”就是这样来的。

还有很多，我就不一一说了，你们呆会儿慢慢体会。我们有一个下午的时间，你们可以租辆三轮车逛逛胡同，有时间还可以去宋庆龄故居看看，或者到恭王府细细游赏一番，记住：下午五点半要在这里集合。好了，祝您们玩得愉快!

各位亲爱的游客朋友你们好！欢迎你们来到颐和园，我是小王，负责今天游览的导游词讲解。现在请跟随我的脚步，开启颐和园观光的旅程吧！

颐和园是世界上现存规模最大的皇家园林，始建于金代，占地面积290公顷，景区主要是昆明湖和万寿山两大部分，其中水域面积占了四分之三，大家今天可以饱览湖光山色了！

大家眼前的就是万寿山。这里是帝王们游猎的场所，山上建有行宫，供皇帝临时夜宿。清朝乾隆皇帝为了给母亲祝寿，将这里大兴土木改造，把这座山改名为“万寿山”。各位现在是否有神清气爽的感觉？没错，这就是昆明湖。这个名称也是乾隆皇帝所赐。昆明湖是为了日后训练水军之用，将万寿山下水域挖深，并且拓宽了湖面所形成。大家看，像不像一副绝美的山水之画？它的美妙很难用导游词去概括，请大家闭上眼睛感受一下清风拂面吧！

我们来到的这里是知春亭，是观赏颐和园全景最好的地方。往我手指的这边看，就是玉泉山。大家知道为什么叫玉泉山吗？这位朋友答对了，因为它盛产优质矿泉水，是专供皇帝妃子们饮用的。看那边，还有个小岛叫南湖岛，连接它与陆地的是十七孔桥。

好了，现在大家随我来。这就是玉澜堂了，是慈禧太后囚禁光绪皇帝的“监狱”。当年光绪帝支持变法，却遭到大臣们的反对，被限制了人身自由。大家看啊，皇帝未必是幸福的，有时还不如我们今天的各位，能够随心所欲地旅游。

大家自由活动一个小时后，颐和园的游览就完成了。大家对导游词还有什么需要了解的地方随时可以询问。非常感谢大家，祝您在北京有好心情！

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

龙庆峡风景区位于延庆县城东北10公里的古城村西北的古城河口，距北京城区85公里。龙庆峡古称“古城九曲”，其水源于海坨山东麓，经玉都山汇入古城水库。

该景区集南方山水的妩媚秀丽和北方山水的雄浑壮观于一体，峡谷曲折蜿蜒，河水幽长碧绿。两岸山崖险峻，森林茂密，裸露的石灰岩形成奇特造型，特别是长年被水浸蚀所形成的溶洞和洞中的石笋、石柱、石断层，与漓江山石极相似，只是当您抬头观望山峰时，才可感到北方峰崖的雄伟峻峭。

景区内的古城水库始建于1973年，历时8年竣工。库区面积119平方公里，可蓄水850万立方米。这一人工湖的建成，既解决了灌溉用水，也使景区更加绚丽多姿。最为壮观的是矗立于古城河口72米高的双曲拱坝，可谓京郊第一。大坝与仿古建筑“玉都山庄”构成美丽的景观。夏秋两季，游人乘船到峡谷游览，最为惬意。在峡区的几座山顶上，新建了30多座形如向日葵的彩色凉亭龙庆峡景区内有许多名胜佳迹：神仙院、玉皇顶、棋盘石、魔王树、天池、金刚寺以及附近的萧太后宫等。1991年，景区为向现代化旅游区发展，增设了一些游乐项目，如“魔幻世界”、“碰碰车”、“无幕影院”等。从一九八七年开始每到严冬时节，龙庆峡总要举办一年一度的冰灯艺术节。龙庆峡的冰灯，办出了自己的特色。

历年的冰灯有不同的主题，一组组冰灯、彩灯，既蕴含着人们丰富的智慧和创造力，又给游人带来美的享受。加上声、光、电的巧妙设计，更使龙庆峡的冰灯艺术充满魅力。历届冰灯节的主题尽管不同，但顺水库大坝飞流直下的冰瀑奇观，却年年保留，70米高的巨坝上垂下巨大冰瀑，下饰冰花、冰柱，形成一座飞流千尺晶莹剔透的冰雪乐园。美丽的龙庆峡冰灯艺术节，带给游人一片欢乐。

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

各位朋友大家好，我们将要游览的是中外闻名的故宫博物院。故宫位于北京市区中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。故宫又名紫禁城，它是中国保存最完整，规模最大的古代皇宫建筑群。首先我给大家介绍一下故宫的历史沿革。明朝的永乐皇帝通过“靖难之役”，从自己的侄子朱允炆手中夺得了皇位，定都南京。因南京朝臣大多数是朱允炆的旧臣，永乐皇帝惟恐这些朝臣对自己不服，再加上当时北方蒙古人经常南侵，于是永乐皇帝决定迁都北京。

明永乐四年即公元1406年，明成祖朱棣下诏，正式启动北京工程的建设，动用工匠23万，民夫百万，于永乐十八年即公元1420年工程竣工。永乐十九年元旦吉日，明成祖朱棣于奉天殿受朝贺，紫禁城正式启用。公元1644年清朝定都北京，继续沿用明朝的宫殿，并且对部分地区进行了较大规模的改造：如文渊阁、宁寿全宫、南三所、斋宫、毓庆宫等建筑。尤其是清廷特别重视防火，并且财务了多种措施：如改造了建筑中的防火结构、建立了专门的消防机构即火班、配备了消防器材等。明清时期紫禁城的主要作用是：自明成祖朱棣到思宗朱由检，共有14位皇帝，清朝自世祖福林到逊帝溥仪，共有10位皇帝，明清共有24位皇帝在此生活起居、治理国家。

清宣统三年（1911），末代皇帝溥仪推诿，根据民国政府所允“关于清帝逊位后优待条件”，清廷皇室成员仍可居住紫禁城内廷，民国十三年即公元1924年冯玉祥发动“北平政变”溥仪才搬出故宫。民国二年即公元1913年袁世凯在紫禁城举行了大总统就职典礼。1925年10月10日故宫博物院成立典礼，紫禁城正式对社会开放，解放以后我国政府曾花费巨资对紫禁城进行维护和修缮。1961年紫禁城成为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，1987年辈联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产保护名录。今日的紫禁城以它新的面貌展现在世人面前。故宫是世界上最著名的博物馆之一，其特点表现在三个方面，首先它是一座完整的皇宫遗址博物馆，其次它是一座包罗万象的综合艺术博物馆，第三它还是集中国古代建筑之大成的古代建筑博物馆。

故宫为什么又叫“紫禁城”呢？紫禁城的“紫”指的是紫微垣。古代天文学家将天体分为三垣四象二十八宿。三垣是指紫微垣、太微垣、天市垣，紫微垣居天体中央，共有恒星15颗，北极星又是紫微垣的中心，称为“紫宫”。这组恒星被认为是“运乎中央，临治四方”的天帝所居，人间的皇宫应天象而建，所以紫禁城是“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星拱之”的格局，与天宫相类。所以人间皇帝的居所冠以“紫”字；“禁”是指皇家禁地，万民莫入之意，所以北京皇宫名之为紫禁城。

紫禁城坐落在北京的中轴线上，其建筑布局突出了一条明显的中轴线，主要建筑都在其上，红砖墙，黄色琉璃瓦、青白石基座体现出了皇家的气势，突出了皇权的至高无上。紫禁城内由前朝、后廷两部分组成。紫禁城有四座门，分别是南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。紫禁城内以乾清门前的小广场为界，南面是前朝部分，北面是后廷部分。紫禁城背靠“镇山”，左为太庙，右为社稷坛，南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，共有宫殿房舍8704间，是1973年统计的数字，周围是10米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河拱卫着皇家的宫殿。紫禁城的四角有“九梁十八柱七十二脊”构成的精美的角楼。

下面我给大家介绍一下午门及午门前的广场。午门是紫禁城的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位即正南方，故称午门。由北向南鸟瞰午门平面呈“凹”形。午门城台正中建筑为重檐庑殿顶城楼，开间，通高35米，两观城台上建连檐通脊明廊各13间，明廊南北各有一座鎏金宝顶的四角攒尖崇楼与正中城楼连成一气，俗称“五凤楼”。皇帝亲祀坛庙出午门时鸣钟，祭享太庙时击鼓。午门面南，正面三间，两观下东西侧另开左掖门、右掖门，东西向。

午门南面正门三间，北面则为大门五间，人称这种规制叫“明三暗五”。

午门的出入规制是怎样的呢？在封建时期这里有着严格的等级制度。午门正门专供皇帝出入，皇后大婚时可以从这里进入，三品以上文武官员出入左（东）门，宗室王公出入右（西）门。左右掖门平时不开，只有上大朝时，三品以下文武百官分东西班次由掖门出入。殿试时贡士按名次单数走左掖门，双数走右掖门。举行传胪大典时贡士亦按名次分单双数，由鸿胪寺官员分左右掖门引人。大传胪后，进士中一甲进士状元、榜眼、探花可由午门正门出宫以示褒扬。明清两朝在午门前举行两类活动，一类是逢年过节与官民同乐的活动。

另一类是正式的典礼，清朝主要是凯旋献俘礼和颁朔礼。凯旋献俘礼是朝廷在重大军事行动中取得胜利后，为了安民心、振国威举行的庆典活动。届时皇帝会亲临午门。清乾隆年间为平定准噶尔等地的叛乱曾在这里举行过四次献俘礼。献俘礼在“五礼”中属于军礼范畴。再有一项正式的典礼也就是颁朔礼，颁朔礼就是皇帝颁布第二年历书的典礼。颁朔礼于孟冬一日在午门前举行。举行典礼之前钦天监的官员算出第二年的朔望日，规定每日宜忌事项，制成历书称“时历书”，清乾隆皇帝为避名讳将“时历书”改为“时宪书”，民间俗称黄历。时宪书通过午门前举行颁朔礼颁布天下遵照实行。明清两朝的时宪书也颁给蒙古、琉球、占城等周边的国家，显示出泱泱大国的天子国威。

午门广场是名朝实施“梃杖”的地方。梃杖就是对在朝廷上违逆了皇帝意志的大臣用棍子打的刑罚。明朝成化年以前，梃杖只是有象征性，并非真打，示辱而已。后来逐渐变成真打。处罚地点在午门外御路西墀下，即御路西边的空地。因五行中东主生，西主凶，故处罚地点在御路西墀下。其中有两次梃杖轰动朝野，一次是明武宗朱厚照南巡被大臣阻止，一次被打158人，打死15人；另一次是明世宗朱厚骢为了自己父母尊号的问题发生的“大礼仪”事件，梃杖134人，打死17人。而到了清朝就没有了这种制度。

下面我给大家介绍一下午门前的广场。午门前有两座值房，它是侍卫值班的地方。清朝时对皇宫的安全保卫工作十分重视，并且制定了严格的规章制度。其中有门禁制定、宿卫制度、门钥制度、合符制度等。午门的两阙南侧东西各有朝房3间，是王宫们的朝房，现在是故宫的售票处，朝房南侧东边是阙左门，它是皇帝去紫禁城东侧的太庙祭祀祖先时所走之门。朝房南侧西边是阙右门，它是皇帝去紫禁城西面的社稷坛祭祀土地神和五谷神时所走之门。再向南是连檐通脊朝房各42间，明清时期这里是六科廊，“六科”是古代官署名。

明代始设，即吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六科。每科置都给事中一人，除担任天子侍从外，还进谏言和监察六部之舞弊，办理上奏和调整赦令等事，其权颇重。现在这里的部分房舍被辟为展馆。六科廊南边东侧是太庙右门，西侧是社稷坛左门，广场的最南边是端门。端门是紫禁城的前导门，现在对公众开放，城楼上面不定期举办各种展览，游客可以登上城楼穿上古装拍照留念。

各位朋友，紫禁城的概况和午门前的广场我就给大家介绍到这里。谢谢大家。

1931到1937年是清华大学的蓬勃发展时期，当时梅贻琦任校长，开始广聘名师，实行名主治校，而且还建立起来了在我国工程教育史上有重要意义的清华工学院。这一时期被清华人称为“黄金时期”.

但是很不幸的是，1937年，抗日战争爆发，当时的北平非常不平静，很多大学开始南迁，清华大学首先南迁长沙，成立长沙临时大学，后来又迁到昆明，与北京大学、天津南开大学联合组成“国立西南联合大学”.抗日战争持续了8年，西南联大也坚持了8年

当时的条件非常艰苦，但是正是在这样的艰苦条件下，却是清华历史上出人才最多的时期之一，如最早获诺贝尔奖的物理学家杨政宁、李政道，中国“两弹元勋”邓稼先，都是毕业于西南联大时期;著名的民主人士闻一多、吴晗等，都在西南联大任教。当时西南联大的校训是“刚毅坚卓”,正是这四个字鼓励清华的学生们克服重重困难，不断进取。

抗日战争胜利后，1946年，清华大学才迁回清华园复校，当时只设了文、法、理、工、农等5个学院，共26个系。1952年，全国高校进行院系调整，清华大学响应国家发展工业的号召，调出文、法、理、农四个学院，其中文科基本上都并入了北京大学和人民大学，理科并入了北京大学，其他的院系则成立了一些新的学校，比如现在的北京农业大学

就是我们的农学院分出成立的，还有总理温__的母校中国地质大学，就是当时清华大学地质系分出后成立的，还有因为神州五号升空而名声大噪的北京航空航天大学，也是当时我们的航空航天系分出成立的。当时的清华大学，只留下了工学院，为国家培养了一大批工程技术人才，被称为“工程师的摇篮”.

1978年以来，清华大学进入了一个蓬勃发展的时期，逐步恢复了理科、文科、经济和管理类学科，并成立了研究生院和继续教育学院，1999年，原中央工艺美术学院并入，成立清华大学美术学院，20__年，在教育部批准下，我校成立了医学院，20__年4月成立新闻与传播学院，20__年5月18日，清华大学恢复了航空与航天系，并将他扩大为航空与航天学院，它的首任院长是神州五号的总设计师，清华大学1952级校友王永志先生。

清华大学发展到现在已经有了13个学院，53个系，成为了一所具有文、法、理、工、医、经济、管理、航空和艺术等学科的综合性大学。今天的清华大学面临着前所未有的历史机遇，全体师生员工的奋斗目标是：到20__年百年校庆之时，争取把清华大学建设成为具有中国特色的“综合性、研究型、开放式”的世界一流大学。

Known to the world, places of historic interest and scenic beauty arelocated in the bustling bustling old city of Shanghai on the West Bank ofHuangpu River, North Road by blessing Road, East Anren street, and Shanghai TownGods Temple and Yu Garden shopping mall in the West. It is a world-famoussouthern Shanghai classical garden. Yu Garden is a famous classical garden inthe south of the Yangtze River. Yu Garden was built in the Ming Jiajing period.It was built by Pan Yunduan, a cloth governor in Sichuan in the Ming Dynasty. Ithas a history of more than 400 years.

As soon as I entered Yu Garden, I felt as if I was at the time of the lateMing and early Qing Dynasty. With the stream of people, I gradually walked intoa small square that could hold more than a thousand people. Standing in thesquare, there was a fan exhibition in the center, and some paintings andcalligraphy on the fan side, some of them were undulating, some were gracefuland graceful, some were soft and strong.

Looking around, the top of the 8-story Tianyu Building is Ninghui building.People stand on the painted attic to enjoy the picturesque scenery. On the frontis Huabao building. Every Spring Festival, people like to sit here to watch thepavilion. Behind them is Heye building, also known as the snack square. On theeast side of the small square is Town Gods Temple, the annual "three inspectionday", that is, the days when the God of the city is on patrol. The residents inthe Shanghai city are nine rooms in the house. All the residents are at theChristmas palace of the City God (March twenty-eight). All the businessmen inShanghai and Town Gods Temple, including the nearby temple, are all decoratedwith lanterns and lanterns, celebrating Christmas for the God of the city. If ithappens to be a holiday, it will form a scene of tourists gathering, pedestriansweaving and popularity.

Antithetical couplet, a Shao Huaze couplet hung on the two pillars besidethe gate along with the stream of people, and the ancient city of Town GodsTemple, the God of Pan Gongming, cast the essence of the century. Shen Cityfavours the old temple and rebuilds the glory of the century.

At this time, I was already intoxicated in the beautiful scenery.Unconsciously, I came to the Jiuqu bridge. There were a lot of people on thebridge. Under the bridge, fish were flying to the bottom. The quiet lake wascovered with green lotus leaves, like a dense emerald fan, which covered thelake tightly. On the surface of the lake, there are many colors floating, likesomeone scattering a string of pearls below. When the breeze blows slowly, theripples on the surface of the lake are as beautiful as the wrinkles of a newsatin.

The wall in the garden is winding and undulating. The top of the wall isdecorated with a dragons head, and is made of tiles to form a Lin shape, whichsymbolizes the dragons body. A pile of walls, like a dragon swimming, is calledthe dragon wall. In ancient China, the dragon is the symbol of feudal emperors,which can not be used for decoration on buildings. Yu Garden was built at theend of the Qing Dynasty when the dragon wall was built, and the Dragon had onlythree or four claws to avoid the suspicion of "five claw Golden Dragon".Dianchuntang was the North command post of Shanghai Xiaodaohui uprising army in1853. Yulinglong is a 4-meter-high, exquisitely carved stone standing in frontof Yuhua hall. It is said to be a relic of huashigang in Song Dynasty. The mainbuilding of Sansui is the Sansui hall. The building is spacious. It was theplace where the host held a banquet. In addition, a pair of iron lions of theYuan Dynasty, an old vine of more than 300 years old and a Ginkgo biloba of morethan 400 years old are also worth watching in the garden.

Its ancient and long history, its folk style of color and flavor makesShanghai the most famous tourist attraction in Shanghai.

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是?万岁?，我是?万福?!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

大家好，我是莞英语行社的“小恺”导游，今天我们要去北京的八达岭长城参观。据《史记》记载，战国时期就在八达岭一带修建长城，后来明朝用了长达80多年的时间修好了长城。

现在我们上了长城，大家向远处望去，会不会发现长城很长呢?是的，长城一共有13000多里。

长城的路飞很宽，游客们，你们来说一下这个路可不可以五六匹马并行?对了，可以五六匹马并行。再说说长城的条石，也就是我们脚下的石头，一块条石有两三千斤重。你们应该会问当时没有起重机，他们是怎样把条石抬起来的?这都是劳动人民的智慧和血汗，凝结成这万里长城，比如长城非常坚固，是因为以前燕王为了保护国家，所以他命令农夫一年四季都要修筑城墙，当时没有石灰，所以石块、砖头都是用泥抹的。冬天和泥得用热水，所以农夫把大铁锅抬到工地上，用三块石头支起来，添柴烧开水。天长日久，大铁锅被烧出个大窟窿，一锅水将锅下的火浇灭了，可他们发现水洒在支锅的石头上，石头一下子就炸开了，炸出了许多白面面，有人用水和白面面，将它抹在砖下。第二天农夫们发现用白面面抹的砖都比泥抹的结实。他们得到了启发，从此就烧石灰来抹砖头。现在你们知道为什么长城很坚固了吧?!

好了，现在是自由活动时间，一小时后在这里集合，请将贵重的物品都拿好，谢谢大家!

欢迎各位游客加入阳光之旅行列。我是这里的小小导游，现在，我带领大家共同游览，希望各位遵守秩序，不要拥挤，禁止照相。祝愿你们快乐地度过这美好时光!

明清的两代皇宫，也叫紫禁城。它始建于142019年，距今已有62019年了。经过多个朝代的建造现在这故宫是目前保存最完好的故宫，也是规模最大的古代宫殿建筑群。

我说完历史，现在来说说它的布局吧。故宫南边是午门，北边是神武门，东边是东华门，西边是西华门，是结构精美的角样。多面的城墙有10米多高，护城河宽52米，长800米，既壮观有美丽。

文华殿是皇帝上早朝的地方。武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和会见大臣的地方。坤宁宫和乾清宫是皇帝、太后正式居住的地方，除了这些场所，还有后三宫和东西六宫。故宫在1961年被联合国教科文组织认为世界文化遗产。

我的介绍完了，我相信大家对故宫也有些了解了吧。祝大家玩得开心!

明朝建立于1368年，结束于1644年，统治时间长达277年，期间先后有16位皇帝在位，除第二位皇帝朱允文因‘靖难之役’战败，下落不明没有陵墓外，其他皇帝均有陵墓保存至今，经考古专家们的考证，明代帝陵共计6处18座，主要分布在湖北(湖北钟祥市--嘉靖皇帝父亲朱佑元兴献帝的显陵)、江苏(江苏南京钟山--明太祖朱元璋的孝陵，江苏盱眙--祖陵，朱元璋祖父朱初一的实葬地，曾祖父，高祖父的衣冠冢)、安徽(凤阳--朱元璋父母，兄嫂，侄子的明皇陵)、北京(景泰帝陵，明十三陵)四省市，下面来看一下我们今天参观的明十三陵。

明十三陵位于北京市昌平区天寿山脚下，领域面积120平方千米，四边群山环绕，由于山水的常年冲刷在这里形成了一个占地40平方千米的广袤盆地，山间明堂广大，风景秀丽，历代帝王大都认为帝业的兴衰多取于祖先墓地的好风水，所以十三陵的卜选历时2年的时间。明代的风水术士们，非常注重龙砂穴水向的相配关系，龙即指主山;砂是指由主山派生而出的其他山脉;水有界止龙气涛涛流逝的作用;所以又有‘大水横其前，小水夹左右’的说法。我们看到十三陵全景图上，温榆河的支流自西北直泻东南，每座皇陵前都有汉白玉的石桥，桥下流动的月牙河水即是小水，每座皇陵就掩映在这青山绿水中。1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中，专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20xx年7月，明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下：“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。

这十三座陵分别是长陵、献陵、景陵、裕陵、茂陵、泰陵、康陵、永陵、昭陵、定陵、庆陵、德陵、思陵。明十三陵的形成前后经历了235年，埋葬了明朝自永乐皇帝开始的13位皇帝和23位皇后，1位皇贵妃和数十位殉葬宫人，及7座妃子坟和1座太监陪葬墓。

十三陵是明成祖朱棣最早开始修建的。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，明朝初期，被封为燕王，镇守北平，朱元璋死后，其孙朱允文即位，朱棣打着清君侧的旗号发兵南下，史称‘靖难之役’，4年后攻占南京，并且从当时的皇帝朱允文手中夺得了皇位，改年号为永乐。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝，当了皇帝以后仍然为了巩固明朝的统治而连年征战，在他所统治明朝的20xx年里，国库充实，政局稳定，他下令迁都北京，营建故宫，修筑长城，编纂《永乐大典》，以及派郑和七下西洋，都是他的卓越政绩。最后死于征战途中，可以说还是一位比较贤明的皇帝，虽然也犯过错：靖难之役，设置东厂。他的贤内助徐皇后，也就是明朝开国元勋魏国公徐达的女儿，是一位有中国古典美的女性，她曾经编写了《内训》和《劝善》，40岁病逝。长陵始建于1420xx年，在1420xx年全部建成，是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。值得一提的是葬入长陵的第一个人并不是朱棣，而是徐皇后。

为什么在北京建陵呢?政治方面还有战略方面(清朝的时候对明陵的保护)见书96页(1)

长陵修建的时间过程 见书96页(3) 参考

长陵的布局：是十三陵中规模最大，营造时间最长，保存得也最好的一座陵。

“前方后圆”的形制。见书102页(1)

长陵裬恩殿，是明代诸陵中唯一一座保存至今的裬恩大殿，也是我国木构建筑的珍贵遗物和杰出代表。裬恩殿是谒陵祭祀的场所，总面积为 1956平方米，可与故宫的太和殿相媲美。裬恩殿的主体建筑是六十根不加粉饰的金丝楠木大柱，高约十三米，直径一米左右，承托着重檐庑殿顶。殿内所有木质构件均为金丝楠木，地面使用金砖铺地，使宏伟壮观的金丝楠木大殿呈现出神秘的色彩。殿内有楠木立柱60根，其中32根为金丝楠木明柱，最大的直径1.17米、高14.3米。梁、柱、檩、椽、斗供等构件，也用楠木制作。历经500余年，仍牢固如初。这样宏伟的楠木建筑物，在我国已绝无仅有。

故宫占地72万平方米，屋宇9999间半，建筑面积15。5万平方米为一长方形城池，四角矗立、风格绮丽的角楼，墙外有宽52米的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。”

一进故宫有四个大门，正门名为午门。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。

我调查了故宫的全景图，发现故宫宫殿的建筑布局有外朝、内廷之分。内廷与外朝的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。此外还有文华殿、武英殿、御花园等。

太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。建在高约5米高的汉白玉台基上。

保和殿也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。

乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。

交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含天地交合、安康美满之意。

故宫面积72万平方米，共有各式宫室8千余间，是世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。明清两代先后有24位皇帝居住在这里。1920xx年北京政变后，被废黜的清末代皇帝溥仪出宫，1920xx年成立了故宫博物院。解放后，故宫进行了大规模的修缮，成为我国最大的国家博物馆。

今天，我参观了故宫。我了解了祖国的文化，了解了历史。今我还要了解，了解一切一切。只有这样，我才能了解中国，长大为我的祖国做出最大的贡献!!

THE FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(Infront of the meridian gate)

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It isthe largest and most well reserved imperial residence inChinatoday. Under MingEmperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14 years to build theForbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter,it continued to be the residence of 23 successiveemperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizationrecognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, orZi Jin Cheng (Purple ForbiddenCity), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided theconstellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Starwas called the Constellation ofHeavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperorwas supposedly the son of the heavenly gods,his central and dominant positionwould be further highlighted the use of theword purple in the name of hisresidence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became ametaphor for auspicious events after apurple cloud was seen drifting eastwardimmediately before the arrival of anancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the HanghuPass. Here, purple isassociated with auspicious developments. The word jin(forbidden) isself-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded andoff-explanatoryas the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits toordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace wallsand roofs are also symbolic. Redrepresents happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earthon the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became animperial color during the Tang dynasty, whenonly members of the royal familywere allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden Cityis rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from northto south and 750meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roofarea 150,000square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter―high wallwhich enclosesthe complex. Octagon ―shaped turrets rest on the four corners ofthe wall.There are four entrances into the city: the MeridianGate to the south,the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, andthe Xihua Gate(Gateof military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )tothe west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) tothe east.

Manpower and materials throughout thecountry were used to build theForbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers wereemployed. Marble wasquarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County inHebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Pavingblockswere fired in kilns in Suzhou in southernChina. Bricksand scarletpigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southernregions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entranceto the forbidden City. It is also knowsas Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Mingemperorsheld lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of theChinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place forpunishingofficals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building toannounce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremonyfrom ban li(announcement ofcalendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )toavoid coincidentalassociation with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which wasconsidered a tabooat that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place tohold audience andfor other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperialarmy returnedvictoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperorpresided overthe ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate andstanding in front of the Five MarbleBridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Beforewe start our tour, I would liketo briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To completethis solemn, magnificent and palatial complex,a variety of buildings werearranged on a north-south axis, and8-kilometer-long invisible line that hasbecome an inseparable part of the Cityof Beijing. The Forbidden City coversroughly one ?third of this central axis. Most of the important building in theForbidden City weree arranged along this line. The designand arrangement of thepalaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal courtand rigidly ?stratifiedfeudal system.

The Forbidden Cityis divided into an outer and an inner count.We are nowstanding on the southern most part of the outer count. In front of us lies theGate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite andbiggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ballis said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one ofits foreclaws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperialsuccession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functionsbothas decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the riverrepresentthe five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness,rites,intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and thenorth-southaxis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled thecountryon behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden Cityconsists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yardcovers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and theGate of HeavenlyPurity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, CompleteHarmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking themin bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (ProminentScholars)and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on aspacious“H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of thetripleterrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marblebalustradescarved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stonestaircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is alsothetallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all ofChina.From thepalace of Heavenly Purith northward is what isknown as the inner court,which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are thePalaceof Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Unionand Peace and Palace of EarthlyTranquility, aplace where the Emperors lived with their families and attended tostateaffairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in whichconcubinesand princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within theinnercount, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. Aninner Golden Water Riverflows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook windsthrough three minorhalls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It isspanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble ?carvedbalustrades.

Most of thestructures within the Forbidden City haveyellow glazed tileroofs.

Aside from giving prominence to thenorth-south axis, other architecturalmethods were applied to make every groupof palatial structures unique in termsof terraces, roofs, mythical monstersperching on the roofs and colored, drawingpatterns. With these, the grandcontour and different hierarchic spectrum of thecomplex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradiseonly has 10,000 rooms, the Sonof Heaven on earth cut the number by half aroom. It is also rumoured that thishalf ?room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library).As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units,this half-room is nonexistent.The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si KuQuan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of SupremeHarmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall ofSupreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its kingin the Forbidden City. Thisstructure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know forits upturned,multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on atriple“H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8 meters high and linked by staircases.The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upperstairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burneddown three times and was severely damaged onceduring a mutiny. The existingarchitecture was built during the Qing Dynasty.On the corners of the eaves aline of animal-nails were usually fastened to thetiles. These animal-nails werelater replace with mythical animals to ward offevil spirits. There arealtogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded bythe ancients to be the largest numeral accessibleto man and to which only theemperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperorsduring the Ming and Qingdynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was alsoused for ceremonies whichmarked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice,The Chinese Lunar New Year,the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title ofempress, the announcement ofnew laws and policies, and dispatches of generalsto war .On such occasions, theEmperor would hold audience for his courtofficials and receive theirtributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers atotal of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, thisplace inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In themiddle of thesquare there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor.On both sides ofthe road the groud bricks were laid in a special way sevenlayers lengthwise andeight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all.The purpose of this wasto prevent anyone from tunneling his way into thepalace. In the count yard thereare iron vats for storing water to fight fires.In the whole complex there arealtogher 308 water vats. In winter time, charcoal was burned underneath the vatsto keep the water from freezing .

Why so vast asquare? It was designed to impress people with the hall` sgrandeur andvastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, theyellowglazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled withthecurling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony intoafairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed,crane-shapedcandleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pinebranches burntin front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beatenand musicalinstrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel knowinsubmission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three,His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, thesuddendrum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He wassoscared that he kept crying and shouting,"I don’t want to stay here."

北京九龙游乐园导游词范文

九龙游乐园在北京市游乐园行业中率先获得了国家旅游局颁布的AAAA级旅游景区等级证书，下面第一范文网小编为大家带来了北京九龙游乐园导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助!

北京九龙游乐园导游词

游客朋友：

你们好!欢迎您光临北京九龙游乐园。此时此刻，您已置身于山环水抱的优美画卷中，我将与您一起共度一段美好时光。

为了您更好地参观游览我园，我先向您简单介绍一下游乐园的建设初衷。北京九龙游乐园是十三陵水库综合开发公司与日本株式会社熊谷组于一九八五年合资兴建的，是中国第一家具有迪斯尼特色的综合型游乐园。也许您会觉得疑惑，为什么要将园址选在了十三陵水库呢?优雅的环境，得天独厚的水资源优势，远离都市的特殊地理位置也许就是对您最好的回答。或许您还会问，为什麽要称“九龙”呢?“九”做为中国最大的数字，代表着吉祥、如意;“龙”更是中华民族的精神象征，九龙游乐园正是依托龙文化理念而建，那么真正体现这一特色的游乐项目，当然要数文明遐迩的水下龙宫了，下面我们就去看一看传说中的东海世界吧。

水下龙宫是九龙游乐园的主题游乐项目，它真正建在水库的底部，最大水深可达20米，由此也可看出设计者的匠心独具了。水下龙宫全长600多米，可分为碧海下潜、浅海奇观、珊瑚丛林、深海奥秘、海底历险、水幕仙境、水族迎宾、水晶世界、龙宫宝殿和浪漫归程十大场景。碧海下潜中的旋转隧道是龙宫景观中惊险刺激的一幕，您会感觉到天旋地转，仿佛被巨大的旋涡所包围;水晶世界精彩迷人，既有美丽的珊瑚丛林，又有精灵剔透的小生灵;龙宫宝殿则富丽堂皇，东海龙王会用它特有的双重面孔和朗朗的笑声欢迎您;在回程中，你可尽情领略海底世界的神奇与美妙。不过，游客朋友们，无论您是心有恐惧还是乐而忘返，我都要提醒您这一切都不是真实的场景。水下龙宫汇集了中、日、美三国科技人员的智慧结晶，它借助于现代高科技的声、光、电手段，由计算机全程控制，将先进的游览设备、高水平的机器人制作技术与古老的中国神话传说相结合，才让您产生了如此与众不同的幻觉，我想您一定会不虚此行。为缓解一下您紧张的情绪，下面我带您去看一看水族馆。

水族馆是九龙游乐园的主要观赏项目之一，馆内面积20xx平方米，在展出大厅，环行围绕着巨型水族箱20个，总容水量近300立方米，有腔肠动物、节肢动物、鱼类、爬行动物及数十种水生植物。九龙游乐园的水族馆虽然规模不大，但展出的内容及形式独具特色，同时它也是青少年科普教育的基地，我们非常希望在参观完水族馆后您会认识更多的水族生物，了解更多的水族知识。一进展览馆大厅，您会一眼看到一幅世界地图模型，标有世界各种淡水、海水观赏鱼的分布情况，让您了解馆内鱼类的生活原址。水族馆展出的生物种类丰富多彩，有国家一级保护动物“娃娃鱼”、大型热带淡水鱼“巨骨舌鱼”、红色食人鲳鱼、素有珍稀活化石之称的雀鳝以及软骨鱼类的鲨鱼，还有举世罕见的活珊瑚、色彩斑斓的神仙鱼、“寄人篱下”的印鱼、呆头呆脑的海象鱼、泳姿飘逸的银龙鱼等近千种。如果您还想深入了解有关的水族知识，我们会有专业人员为您做精彩讲解。畅游水族世界之后，我们再去看一看五彩缤纷的蝴蝶展。

蝴蝶的出现可以追溯到2500万年以前，由低等单细胞的原生动物进化而来。自然界中大部分蝴蝶都是益虫，在它们三个月短暂的生命历程中，它们传播花粉、维持生态平衡，将我们的生活装点的多彩多姿。在九龙展出的1000多种蝴蝶标本中，收集了世界各地的珍品蝴蝶，极具观赏和收藏价值。这里有世界上最大的蝴蝶，翅展可达300mm，因此制成一只完美的标本极为不易;产于巴西的幸运“8”字蝶，是世界上唯一有4个“8”字的数字蝶;还有带动物图形的秘鲁猫头鹰蝶、美国猫脸蝶，色彩绚丽的巴西国蝶——天兰闪蝶、属国际濒危动物的皇喙凤蝶、金带喙凤蝶。看过美丽异常的水族世界和举世名蝶后，让我们再去感受一下动感电影带来的超常刺激。

特特乐科幻探险馆的全部设备由美国引进，是代表最新影视科技的蜗轮式动感影院。影院内有50套运动座椅，可供100位游人同时观看。所谓动感电影简言之就是整个系统在计算机的控制下，运动座椅随影片情节上下颠簸、左倾右摇、前扑后仰，逼真地再现飞机升降、水上冲浪、高山滑雪等高难动作，再配以超大银幕和强大的音响效果，使游人有一种身临其境的感觉。目前，正在放映全新动感巨片《冰川疾驰》，该片由美国引进，再现了极地冰川的壮丽风光和惊险滑翔。放松您的心情，让我们一起跨越时光的隧道，去看一看精彩的恐龙世界吧。

恐龙谷是我园近期新推出的大型观赏型游乐项目，它是北京地区首家集博物、科普、观赏、游乐、动感、参与于一体的一座现代新型恐龙乐园。进入恐龙谷内，可见绿树成荫，鸟语花香，人工湖与谷内其他建筑相映成辉，这里完全仿真恐龙生活时代的地貌，好象您已来到了中生代。一路走来，您可依次看到翼龙、沱江龙、恐爪龙、马门溪龙、三角龙、霸王龙等十几种恐龙，它们神态各异、形象逼真、声情并茂，充分再现了侏罗纪时代的恐龙世界。九龙游乐园除了以观赏和惊险项目而闻名外，水上项目更是丰富多彩，妙趣横生。

九龙游乐园游玩项目

九龙游乐园项目丰富多彩，适应不同年龄层次游客的需求。适合中老年的观赏型游乐项目有水下龙宫，用现代高科技再现了传说中的东海龙宫;五彩缤纷的水族馆，可观赏到140多科、200多种海水鱼、淡水鱼和其它水族生物;座落在十三陵水库中央的观音岛，登岛远眺，远山近水尽收眼底。具体如下：

水下龙宫：是九龙游乐园的主题游乐项目，它真正建在水库的底部，最大水深可达20米，由此也可看出设计者的匠心独具了。水下龙宫全长600多米，可分为碧海下潜、浅海奇观、珊瑚丛林、深海奥秘、海底历险、水幕仙境、水族迎宾、水晶世界、龙宫宝殿和浪漫归程十大场景。碧海下潜中的旋转隧道是龙宫景观中惊险刺激的一幕，游客会感觉到天旋地转，仿佛被巨大的漩涡所包围;水晶世界精彩迷人，既有美丽的珊瑚丛林，又有精灵剔透的小生灵;龙宫宝殿则富丽堂皇，东海龙王会用它特有的双重面孔和朗朗的笑声欢迎游客;在回程中，你可尽情领略海底世界的神奇与美妙。

水下龙宫汇集了中、日、美三国科技人员的智慧结晶，它借助于现代高科技的声、光、电手段，由计算机全程控制，将先进的游览设备、高水平的机器人制作技术与古老的中国神话传说相结合，才让游客产生了如此与众不同的幻觉。

水族馆：是九龙游乐园的主要观赏项目之一，馆内面积20xx平方米，在展出大厅，环行围绕着巨型水族箱20个，总容水量近300立方米，有腔肠动物、节肢动物、鱼类、爬行动物及数十种水生植物。九龙游乐园的水族馆虽然规模不大，但展出的内容及形式独具特色，同时它也是青少年科普教育的基地，我们非常希望在参观完水族馆后游客会认识更多的水族生物，了解更多的水族知识。一进展览馆大厅，游客会一眼看到一幅世界地图模型，标有世界各种淡水、海水观赏鱼的分布情况，让游客了解馆内鱼类的生活原址。水族馆展出的生物种类丰富多彩，有国家一级保护动物“娃娃鱼”、大型热带淡水鱼“巨骨舌鱼”、食人鲳鱼、素有珍稀活化石之称的雀鳝以及软骨鱼类的鲨鱼，还有举世罕见的活珊瑚、色彩斑斓的神仙鱼、“寄人篱下”的印鱼、呆头呆脑的海象鱼、泳姿飘逸的银龙鱼等。

蝴蝶展：在九龙展出的1000多种蝴蝶标本中，收集了世界各地的珍品蝴蝶，极具观赏和收藏价值。这里有世界上最大的蝴蝶，翅展可达300mm，因此制成一只完美的标本极为不易;产于巴西的幸运“8”字蝶，是世界上唯一有4个“8”字的数字蝶;还有带动物图形的秘鲁猫头鹰蝶、美国猫脸蝶，色彩绚丽的巴西国蝶——天兰闪蝶、属国际濒危动物的皇喙凤蝶、金带喙凤蝶。

特特乐科幻探险馆：特特乐科幻探险馆的全部设备由美国引进，是代表最新影视科技的蜗轮式动感影院。影院内有50套运动座椅，可供100位游人同时观看。所谓动感电影简言之就是整个系统在计算机的控制下，运动座椅随影片情节上下颠簸、左倾右摇、前扑后仰，逼真地再现飞机升降、水上冲浪、高山滑雪等高难动作，再配以超大银幕和强大的音响效果，使游人有一种身临其境的感觉。

恐龙谷：是北京地区首家集博物、科普、观赏、游乐、动感、参与于一体的一座现代新型恐龙乐园。进入恐龙谷内，可见绿树成荫，鸟语花香，人工湖与谷内其他建筑相映成辉，这里完全仿真恐龙生活时代的地貌，好象游客已来到了中生代。一路走来，游客可依次看到翼龙、沱江龙、恐爪龙、马门溪龙、三角龙、霸王龙等十几种恐龙，它们神态各异、形象逼真、声情并茂，充分再现了侏罗纪时代的恐龙世界。九龙游乐园除了以观赏和惊险项目而闻名外，水上项目更是丰富多彩，妙趣横生。

观音岛：在十三陵水库中央的湖心岛上建有龙宫殿，全高42.5米,为二层、三檐、攒尖顶塔式建筑，以其九边、九柱、九梁、九脊、九角的独特建筑形式闻名海内外。大殿内供奉着一尊多臂观世音菩萨，自1995年由青海活佛夏日冬开光后，殿内香火缭绕，无数善男信女前来参拜，游客也可以为游客的亲人、爱人和友人祝福祈祷。登上龙宫殿二层，可观赏到整个水库的美景，南瞰九龙游乐园临水餐厅的古典式建筑，西眺明代十三位帝王的皇陵，北望蟒山国家森林公园，东观十三陵水库纪念碑公园，会令游客心旷神怡。

急流漂筏：将带游客乘坐特制的筏子，在模拟建造的激流险滩、波涛峡谷、崎岖湍流、浪花飞溅等自然景物中航行，时而旋转冲浪，时而高台跌水，穿奔腾瀑布，过廊桥水幕，在有惊无险的旅程中，体验与大自然搏击的乐趣。

高空速降：来源自军事上的特种训练及登山运动员的救护手段之一。索道全长460米，全程滑行时间约50秒，最高时速可达36KM/小时。经检测，是北京地区最长的索道。从平台滑向风景宜人的龙宫岛，在惊心动魄的同时又可尽览库区风光，使游客流连忘返。

彩虹飞舟：是模仿乡间水车制造，造型新颖、独特，是国内首创的新型水车滑道类娱乐项目。它利用水车提升装置，在机械系统及水流的作用下，使游客切身感受到上升、平移、俯冲等动作。飞舟全程400米，最高落差15米，行程时间为8分钟。此项目集惊险、刺激、观赏、参与于一体，是游人感受惊险刺激的最佳选择。

陶然亭是清代名亭，现为中国的四大历史名亭之一。

清康熙三十四年(1695年)，工部郎中江藻奉命监理黑窑厂，他在慈悲庵西部构筑了一座小亭，并取白居易诗“更待菊黄家酿熟，与君一醉一陶然”句中的“陶然”二字为亭命名。陶然亭公园以及陶然亭地区名称就是以此得名的。这座小亭颇受文人墨客的青睐，被誉为“周侯藉卉之所，右军修禊之地”，更被全国各地来京的文人视为必游之地。清代200余年间，此亭享誉经久，长盛不衰，成为都中一胜。 陶然亭面阔三间，进深一间半，面积90平方米。亭上有苏式彩绘，屋内梁栋饰有山水花鸟彩画。两根大梁上绘《彩菊》、《八仙过海》、《太白醉酒》、《刘海戏金蟾》，亭上有三大匾，一是建亭人江藻亲笔提写，一是取齐白石《西江月·重上陶然亭望西山》词，还有一块是郭沫若题“陶然亭公园”门额中字，东向门柱上悬“似闻陶令开三径，来与弥陀共一龛”。此联是林则徐书写。旧联无存，现在的楹联是由当代书法家黄苗子重书。亭间分别悬挂“慧眼光中，开半亩红莲碧沼，烟花象外，坐一堂白月清风”。现在对联是现代书法家康雍书写。“烟藏古寺无人到，榻倚深堂有月来”，此联是翁方纲所撰，光绪年间慈悲庵的主持僧静明请光绪皇帝的老师翁同龢重写。

在亭的南北墙上有四方石刻，一是江藻撰写的《陶然吟》引并跋，二是江皋撰写的《陶然亭记》，三是谭嗣同著《城南思旧铭》并序，四是《陶然亭小集》，这是王昶写的《邀同竹君编修陶然亭小集》，诗中的竹君即朱筠。此诗是王昶作于乾隆四十年左右。 陶然亭建成后，江藻常邀请一些文人墨客、同僚好友到陶然亭上饮宴、赋诗，这里变成了文人墨客“红尘中清净世界也”。故陶然亭是文人雅集的地方，因此留下的诗文很多，秋瑾、龚自珍等都曾在陶然亭上留下的诗文。

陶然亭、慈悲庵三面临湖，东与中央岛揽翠亭对景，北与窑台隔湖相望，西与精巧的云绘楼、清音阁相望。湖面轻舟荡漾，莲花朵朵，微风拂面，令人神情陶然。

陶然亭周围，有许多著名的历史胜迹。西北有龙树寺，寺内有蒹葭簃、天倪阁、看山楼、抱冰堂等建筑，名流常于此游憩，其知名度在清道光之后，堪与陶然亭相匹。东南有黑龙潭、龙王亭、哪吒庙、刺梅园、祖园;西南有风氏园;正北有窑台;东北有香冢、鹦鹉冢，以及近代的醉郭墓、赛金花墓等。这些历史胜迹产生年代多早于陶然亭，有的甚至早于慈悲庵。它们都有文人墨客觞咏的历史，曾现过各领风骚的辉煌时期。

近代的陶然亭，有着光辉的历史篇章。“五·四”运动前后，中国共产党的创始人和领导人李大钊、毛泽东、周恩来曾先后来陶然亭进行革命活动。1920xx年1月18日，毛泽东与“辅社”在京成员，集会商讨驱逐湖南军阀张敬尧的斗争，会后在慈悲庵山门外大槐树前合影留念。1920xx年8月16日，天津“觉悟社”、北京“少年中国学会”等进步团体，在北厅讨论“五·四”以后革命斗争的方向以及各团体联合斗争的问题。1920xx年7、8月间，李大钊通过《少年中国学会》会员陈愚生，以其夫人金绮新葬于陶然亭畔守夫人墓为名，租赁慈悲庵南房两间，在此进行秘密活动，到1920xx年间，邓中夏、恽代英、高君宇等常来参加会议。 陶然亭也曾经是高君宇与石评梅爱情的见证者，两人后来合葬于此，“冰雪情谊”流传至今!

今天我和妈妈去参观周口店北京猿人遗址。

我们主要去参观了猿人博物馆。以前我们都是从书本上了解，认识到猿人的生活习性，这一次参观让我大开眼界。

走进博物馆有一个北京猿人头的雕像。在馆内展示的是猿人以前是如何找食物，自卫，烤食物，捕猎，捉鱼，以及制作武器……武器有的是捕鱼qiang，斧头，慧眼，木棒捶等……，那个时代男人在外捕猎，女人在家缝衣服。

猿人分为6种，有蓝田人，北京人，金牛山人，马坝人，山顶洞人，柳江人，其中北京人分布在山顶洞附近，北京猿人特别聪明，他们能用石器打猎，用火吓跑动物。

人们还发现了北京猿人的`化石，有完整的头骨，下颌骨，牙齿，锁骨，上臂骨，腕骨，股骨，还有头盖骨等，还有好多的人类奥秘等着我们去寻找。

这次参观让我增长了见识，感受到了北京猿人的聪明，不由得我为有这样的祖先而感到自豪。

各位领导，大家上午好!

欢迎来到“千年古刹”大觉寺参观游览。

(导游员自我介绍)

现在我们所在的位置是寺前广场，在进入寺院以前我先简单的介绍一下大觉寺。大觉寺原名普照寺，始建于唐贞观20xx年。明朝时避更名为大觉寺。1360多年来，大觉寺与海丰塔，默默见证了唐、宋、元、明、清的盛衰巨变。

据专家评定，大觉寺文物价值极高。仅从建筑上来说，大觉寺主体建筑气势恢宏，工艺精巧，随着历史的变迁，与清代学堂的其他建筑已经浑然一体。现在，在大觉寺的原址上，人们能领略到的不单是盛唐以来的佛教文明，而且还有清代至民国的官办学堂，建国后苏联风格的建筑，历史的足迹清晰可辨

简单的介绍完，下面咱们进入大觉寺参观。

首先咱们参观的第一殿就是天王殿，殿中供奉的是弥勒佛，弥勒佛又称弥勒，密宗称甘露王，是“西方极乐世界”的教主，能接引念佛人往生“西方净土”，故又称“接引佛”。佛经说此佛于过去世为菩萨时，名法藏，曾发四十八愿，长期修行而成佛。有十三个名号，后世所谓“念佛”，多指念此佛名号。两侧的四大护世天王，分别守护咱们老百姓说的风调雨顺。在我们当地有种说法：“拜大肚弥勒，笑口常开，烦恼无踪。”有兴趣的朋友不妨拜一下。

出了天王殿，咱们回头看一下弥勒佛身后站了一位武将，它就是宝刹的护法神韦驮菩萨。韦驮手执行法律器金刚杵，或以杵柱地，暗示这座寺院为非接待寺;或双手合十，将杵搁于肘间，暗示为接待寺。

现在咱们咱们继续参观， 天王殿东西两侧分别是钟楼和鼓楼。想必晨钟暮鼓这个词大家都不陌生，晨钟，一天劳作开始;暮鼓，一天劳作结束。钟鼓都是108响，俗称紧18，慢18，不紧不慢又18.。佛经中说：人有108种烦恼，听钟响鼓鸣108次，可除尽人间烦恼。

如果你想求得平安吉祥，就登上钟楼敲三下大钟，那么福禄寿就会永远地围绕在你的身边;如果你想求得心想事成万事如意，就登上鼓楼击鼓三声，那么你就会平步青云财源滚滚喜气盈门。

咱们眼前这座高大建筑就是大雄宝殿，“大雄宝殿”四个金光闪闪的大字是全国佛教协会会长赵朴初先生题写的。大殿立于两米高台之上，重檐歇山，斗拱翘角，下有回廊，是整座寺院最高大的建筑。

一对青石瑞兽麒麟护卫于两侧，姿态威猛而充满气势，为大觉寺增添了庄严峥嵘之势。咱们继续参观，大家小心脚下台阶，有兴趣的朋友不妨数一下脚下的台阶有多少级，小王先给您留个悬念，一会给您揭晓。

大雄宝殿中供奉的是三方佛和十八罗汉。殿内正中为娑婆世界教主释迦牟尼佛，右侧为西方极乐世界教主阿弥陀佛，左侧为东方净琉璃世界教主药师佛。对于释迦牟尼大家应该非常清楚了，刚才也和大家讲过弥勒佛了，下面就着重说一下药师佛，全称“药师琉璃光如来”，亦称“大医王佛”、“医王善逝”等，是“东方净琉璃世界”的教主。《药师经》中称他曾经发过十二大愿，要满足众生一切愿望，拔除众生一切痛苦。据说，如果人身染重病，死衰相现。他的家人能昼夜精心供养礼拜药师佛，诵读药师光如来本愿功德静四十九遍，燃灯四十九盏，造四十九天之物色彩幡，其人得以苏生续命。大殿四周供奉的是十八罗汉。(后面附了18罗汉的介绍，大家可以根据需要记忆)

好了，咱们继续参观。刚才咱们参观的都是20xx年重建的，下面咱们要参观的这三排建筑都是大觉寺遗留下来的古建筑。清代学堂的前、中、后课堂，现在依次修葺恢复成了藏经殿、功德殿和禅房。藏经殿内藏许多经籍和释教著作，都是非常具有文物保护价值的。

现在咱们去进功德殿。大家请看，正当中这座大型红木框架紫铜浮雕屏风“功德榜”，高2.3米，宽3.2米，正面为紫铜浮雕“佛”字和于长銮撰文、傅殿文碑上文字的《恢复大觉寺记》。这些字看上去像是雕在上面的，其实这些字和后面的铜板是一体的，是特意为重修大觉寺定制的。背面铜版为功德榜，刻有捐助资产500元以上者职员名册。这边是18个功德碑，框架材质均为红木，正面为捐助资产十万元以上单位或个人姓名、职务以及捐助资产一定的数目，背面为捐助资产单位或个人业绩简介。恰是行善性善，万古千秋，好事芳名，与寺同光。

第三排房子呢，现在陈列的是我县著名书画家的一些字画，咱们可以参观一下~~~

现在咱们看见的这座大型照壁叫“九龙壁”，是用优质青石镌刻而成。“九龙壁”高4.2米，长15米，重60吨，上部是石梁石瓦;下盘为清式须弥莲花座;中间“九龙壁”用十一块高2.2米，宽1.3米的青石精雕细凿拼接而成，十一块青石拼接，不露隙缝，看上去像是在一整块青石上镌刻而成。九条青龙腾云跨风、盘旋翻滚，神志各异、栩栩如生，有欲上青天之势，充实表现了中华人的共同体的龙文化。“九龙壁”背面刻有《重建大觉寺记》。

现在有的游客可能着急啦!小王啊，你刚才还给我们留谜来者，你是不是忘啦!笑忘没忘，咱们现在就去揭秘神奇。现在咱们看见的西边这座楼阁式舍利佛塔叫海丰塔，大家再数一数他有多少层， (游客数塔的时候讲)海丰塔是鲁北平原灿烂文化的重要标志，是千年古县无棣厚重历史人类社会形态文化的象征。与沧州狮子东光县的铁菩萨同等名望，被誉为冀鲁三胜。大家都数完啦吧，咱们的海丰塔也是十三层。和前面的台阶相互呼应，再佛教当中，十三是非常高贵的，只有像佛祖这种级别的高层才有资格享用。由此可见我们的大觉寺可以说是佛教圣地。

海丰塔往南50米是海丰塔的旧塔基，当时由于各种原因没有挖掘，至于地宫中会有怎样的发现呢?我们和您一样的期待。等以后时机成熟，我们竭诚欢迎您再来无棣，看一看沉睡1360多年的佛教圣物。

线面咱们再去看一看西偏殿地藏殿 这里供奉的是地藏王菩萨，因其“安忍不动犹如大地，静虑深密犹如地藏”，所以称“地藏王菩萨”，又因其“决心众生度尽方证菩提，地狱未空誓不成佛，”所以又称大愿菩萨。

东偏殿是观音殿 正中供奉的是观音菩萨，其左右两侧分别是龙女和善财童子。据传观音下凡前已成佛，名慈航大士，由于人间疾苦之声直达天庭，她大发慈悲之心，请求佛祖甘愿下界救苦救难，于是她投胎作了妙庄国王的三公主——妙善，后来便有了女身菩萨像。

至此，咱们已游逛完了大觉寺，下面是自由活动时间，您可以爬爬塔，照照相，敲敲钟，击击鼓，当然也可以听小王讲讲那些海丰塔的故事。30分钟后，咱们门口集合，去参观吴式芬故居。

(一)伏虎罗汉

佛教名称为“宾头卢尊者”。他修行出家的寺门外常闻到虎啸，认为这只猛虎肯定饿了，便将自己的饭食分一半喂它，久之久之，猛虎便被其驯服，并常来寺院和他玩耍，故称“伏虎罗汉”。

(二)看门罗汉

佛教名称为“注荼半托迦尊者”。他和探手罗汉是俩兄弟。据说，他化缘时常用拳头拍打布施者的屋门，后来佛祖便赐给他一根锡杖，叫其摇动锡杖后发出的声音来促使施主开门布施，故称“看门罗汉”。

(三)芭蕉罗汉

佛教名为“伐那婆斯尊者”。据说，他出生时天下着大雨，雨点打得芭蕉叶沙沙作响。因此，他对芭蕉产生了一定的感情。出家后常在芭蕉树下修行用功，故称“芭蕉罗汉”。

(四)挖耳罗汉

佛教名称为“那伽犀那尊者”。他是佛教中的理论家，对“六根”(即眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意六种感官及其功能)有较深的研究，他以阐述“耳根之论”闻名，因此他的塑像或画像多作挖耳状，故称“挖耳罗汉”。

(五)探手罗汉

佛教名称为“半托迦尊者”。其母为富家之长女，与家奴私通，被人发觉，逃往他地时在路边生下他，后出家修成正果。由于他在打坐完毕时，常举起双手，长呼一口气，故称“探手罗汉”。

(六)笑狮罗汉

佛教名称为“伐阇罗弗多罗尊者”。他原为古印度一狩猎者，出家后放下屠刀，专心修行得正果。二只小狮子感激他戒了杀生，特跑到他身边。此后，他便笑呵呵得将小狮子带在身边，故称“笑狮罗汉”。

(七)过江罗汉

佛教名称为“跋陀罗尊者”。他出生在跋陀罗树下，后皈依佛门，主管浴事。修成正果后，曾乘船去东印度群岛传播佛教，故称“过江罗汉”。

(八)托塔罗汉

佛教名称为“苏频陀尊者”。他出生于舍卫城一位长者家里，自幼聪慧过人，后皈依佛门，对佛的追求执着，手中时时托一宝塔，塔中藏有舍利，为佛的象征，故称“托塔罗汉”。

(九)喜庆罗汉

佛教名称为“迦诺迦伐蹉尊者”。他原为古印度的一位雄辩家，他初遇佛聆听说法便倾心。出家学道，后得罗汉果位，对“喜庆”有独到的见解，认为“由听觉、视觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉而感到的快乐称为喜;由眼、耳、鼻、舌、身而感到的快乐为庆”，故称 “喜庆罗汉”。

(东面从北至南)

(十)骑鹿罗汉

佛教名称为“宾度罗跋啰惰阇尊者”。他原为古印度拘舍弥城优陀延王宰相之子，自少聪明博闻，出家学道，后得罗汉果位，回乡度化亲属，优陀延王也因听其说法而得悟。据说他当时是骑鹿去拘舍弥王宫的，故称“骑鹿罗汉”。

(十一)举钵罗汉

佛教名称为“迦诺迦跋厘惰阇尊者”。他是一个感情易于冲动的人，性子急躁，在化缘时常常举起铁钵向人求乞，修成罗汉后，仍改不了这个习惯，故称“举钵罗汉”。

(十二)静坐罗汉

佛教名称为“诺讵罗尊者”。他原为古印度一名勇猛的战士，体格魁伟。出家后，佛祖为收敛他当时的那种拼杀性格，一直让他静坐，故称“静坐罗汉”。

(十三)骑象罗汉

佛教名称为“迦哩迦尊者”。他原为古印度的一位驯象师，后出家修成罗汉正果。由于象力大无穷，又能耐劳致远，是佛法的象征，故称“骑象罗汉”。

(十四)开心罗汉

佛教名称为“戌博迦尊者”。他原为中天竺太子，其弟想争夺王位作乱，他便揭开衣服表明心迹说“我心中只有佛，从未想当国王”。其弟果见他心中有一佛，便不再作乱，故称“开心罗汉”。

(十五)沉思罗汉

佛教名称为“罗睺罗尊者”。他是佛祖释迦牟尼的亲生子，后随父亲出家。相传他刚出家时调皮玩劣，常戏弄他人，后来受到父亲的严厉呵责和管束，才改过自新，并严守律戒，获罗汉正果，故称“沉思罗汉”。

(十六)布袋罗汉

佛教名称为“因揭陀尊者”。他原是古印度的捕蛇者，常携带一个布袋进山捕蛇，他捉住毒蛇后便拔掉毒牙将其放生，以免行人遭蛇咬。后以善心修得正果，故称“布袋罗汉”。

(十七)长眉罗汉

佛教名称为“阿氏多尊者”。据说，他出生时颇为奇妙，长着两条长长的白眉毛，这成了他生理上的一大特征，故修成罗汉后，便称其为“长眉罗汉”。

(十八)降龙罗汉

佛教名称为“庆友尊者”，即《法住记》的作者。他记载了16位罗汉的姓名和出处，使罗汉影响逐渐流传。传说，古印度有个叫波旬的恶魔，煽动人拆寺毁庙，杀害僧人，劫掠佛经。龙王激于义愤，用洪水讨伐波旬，并将佛经藏于龙宫。后庆友降伏龙王，取回佛经，故称“降龙罗汉”。

古代桑干河在过了怀来之后，从东北向折转东南，这一段弯流，水势湍急，河道游移不定，经常泛滥成灾，因此又叫“无定河”。面对如此恶劣的自然环境，先人在桥梁构工前确实费了不少心思，他们把桥梁的形状设计得跟一条船一样，船头朝着逆水的西向，一旦狂流来袭，可以利用“船头”的分水尖导引水的流向，这样可以减少直接到桥墩的冲击力。即使如此，他们还不放心，因为除了洪水外，春天还要预防从上游冲下来的浮冰的攻击，所以又在分水尖的尖端镶上三角铁柱，以锐角迎击浮冰。铁柱锐利无比，确实发挥了护桥的作用，因此，民间又称它为“斩龙剑”。但问题来了，由于分水尖伸出桥面达五米之多，桥的拱券只能压住桥墩的东半部，这样可能会因为压力失衡而造成桥梁倾斜的危险。为了解决这个问题，他们在分水尖的凤凰台上加了六层压面石，至于压面石为什么会是六层，是否经过科学的估算，我们不得而知，但这已经不重要了，因为根据最近勘察的结果，卢沟桥桥墩下陷最严重的东二号还不足十二公分，这个数据足可证明他们当初所做的全都对了。

提起卢沟桥，大家津津乐道的是桥上的石狮子。卢沟桥石狮的特色有二，一为“不一样”，一为“数不清”。照理说桥上一共281根望柱，每根望柱上一只狮子，不是挺好数的吗?事实上并不然，因为大狮子的身上还躲着、趴着、背着各式各样的小狮子，因此增加了把它数清的难度。十年前，有人将大小狮子挨个编号数了一遍，共得485只，最近又有人不服气，再数了一遍，这一数竟然数出498只来，看样子把卢沟桥的狮子数清还真不容易。

有人对卢沟桥每一只石狮子的长相不一样感到新奇，其实，这些狮子要长得一样才怪呢，因为它们不是一个模子翻出来的，而是一只只刻出来的，所以狮子的表情丰富，姿态百出便成为自然的事了。