丽江导游词英文介绍（精选20篇）

兴凯湖(Khanka Lake)位于黑龙江省东南部，距密山市35公里，是中俄界湖，北三分之一的面积为中国，南属俄罗斯，地理坐标为北纬45°20′东经132°40′。兴凯湖是由火山爆发地壳下陷形成的，唐代称循沦湖，金元时期称北琴海，17世纪后清政府改称兴凯湖。兴凯湖总面积4880平方公里，水面面积4380平方公里，岸线长度90公里，平均湖深7米，最大湖深10.6米，海拔69米，东西宽60公里，南北垂直纵距140公里。湖岸为细软沙滩，湖水清洁，无污染，湖水透明度1.5米至2.0米。大白鱼是兴凯湖特产，被列为中国四大淡水名鱼之一。兴凯湖是一座集防洪蓄水排涝、灌溉及旅游等多功能的天然水体，是国家(AAAA级)度假、养生、旅游胜地，素有“东方夏威夷”之美称。

兴凯湖位于黑龙江省鸡西市东部，距密山市35公里，是古代火山爆发后，因地势陷落积水而形成;为中俄界湖，北三分之一的面积为中国，南属俄罗斯，面积为4380公里，岸线长度90公里，湖面海拔69米，最深处达10米，东西宽60 公里，南北垂直纵距140公里,北纬45°20′东经132°40′。共有九条河流注入，湖水从东北方溢出，最后流入乌苏里江。兴凯湖原为中国内湖，1860年中俄《北京条约》签定后，变成了中俄界湖。

史书记载，兴凯湖在唐代称为湄沱湖，以盛产“湄沱之鲫”驰誉。又因湖形如“月琴”，故金代有“北琴海”之称，清代改为兴凯湖。"兴凯"是满语,意为"水从高处往低处流"之意。

兴凯湖景色优美，物产丰富。而且还有大面积的湿地。

大兴凯湖由6500万年前的火山喷发造成地壳陷落而形成。小兴凯湖在大湖20万年以后变迁过程中湖水退缩形成。

又称兴开湖，是当地赫哲语肯卡的偕音，意为水从高处向低处流。“兴凯”是满语，“兴凯”的意思为“水耗子”，说明当时兴凯湖中水鼠很多。兴凯湖北面有小兴凯湖，又名达巴库湖，满语意为“水从高处往低处流”。

兴凯湖图册(3)兴凯湖作为满族的龙兴之地，清初曾被“禁封”200多年。清末解禁后，陆续有垦荒者来到这里。20世纪50年代，王震将军率领十万官兵在此开发北大荒。时至如日，因为地处边境，人烟稀少，加之保护力度的不断提高，兴凯湖保持了较为原始的自然生态。

九华山英文导游词

九华山是中国佛教四大名山之一，首批国家重点风景名胜区。它为皖南斜列的三大山系(黄山、九华山、天目山——白际山系)之一。位于安徽省池州市东南境，西北隔长江与天柱山相望，东南越太平湖与黄山同辉，是安徽”两山一湖”(黄山、九华山、太平湖)黄金旅游区的北部主入口、主景区。下面是第一范文网带来的九华山英文的导游词，欢迎欣赏。

九华山英文导游词一：

Good morning! Ladies and gentlemen! Today, with such great joy, on behalf of Anhui Travel Agency. I’d like to extend our warm welcome to all of you, our distinguished guest from the other side of the Pacific. Please allow me to introduce myself. My name is Li Xin and I work for Anhui Travel Agency .During your short stay in jiuhuashan, I’ll be your local guide. It’s my honor to be of your service. If you have any request, go ahead! I’ll try my best to help you and make your stay comfortable!

It’s my honor to be of your service. If you have any special interest, please let me know, and I highly appreciate your understanding and cooperation.

Ok, now we are heading for Mt.Jiuhua, which is known as one of the four Buddhist Mountains in China. It’s about 30 minutes’ bus ride. On the way you can enjoy the beautiful scenery and I’d like to give you a brief introduction about Mt.Jiuhua.

Mt.Jiuhua was originally known as Jiuzi (Nine-Peak) Mount. Li Bai, a famous Chinese poet over 1300 years ago wrote of the mountain: ”sailing on the Yangtze River, watching Mt.Jiuhua from after, green water falls from the sky, nine lotuses appear in the air.” This expresses the poet’s great admiration for Mt.Jiuhua. From then on, the mountain was renamed as Mt.Jiuhua.

Mt.Jiuhua covers more than 100 square kilometers in area, which has been known to have 99 peaks, and the main peak of the Shiwang Peak is 1342m above sea level. Mt.Jiuhua is full of waterfalls, streams, exotic-looking boulders, ancient caves, old pines and exuberant bamboo. With the richly variegated landscape, the ancient temples are tucked away amid the dense woods and the air reverberates with the tolling of the bells at dawn and dusk. Mt.Jiuhua is usually known as the No.1 Mountain of the southeast.

Ok, I have said too much about the Mt.Jiuhua, and I expect you have got a general idea about it. Seeing is Beliving. I’m sure you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and Buddhism after the visit, and you will also be impressed deeply by the wonderful scenery. Let’s get off the bus and bring your camera. I’ll show you around the scenic areas.

Look! So many monks, why? Yes, that’s it! Because Mt.Jiuhua is a Buddhist mountain. Especially on July 30th of Chinese Lunar is the birthday of Earch Buddha, and a great Buddhist ceremony is held on this day. Around that day every year, the mountain is the site of a temple fair. A large number of monks, nuns, pilgrims and visitors come to burn incense, chant and sacrifice food. The activities of each year are different. Though today is not the festival, we can also enjoy the beautiful scenery. They are: Sunrise at Tiantai Platform, Evening bell of Huacheng Temple, Sitting on East Stone with pleasure, Fairy mark of Tianzhu, Taoyan waterfall, clouds around lotus peak and Phoenix Pine.

Ok, here we are, this is Huacheng Temple of Jiuhua Street. It was the first and oldest of all the temples of Mt.Jiuhua. Over 1500 years ago, Monk Beidu built a simple temple here. Then after 300 years it was reconstructed and named Huacheng Temple.

You see it lies a round plaza. Look at the center! What do you see? Yeah! It is a crescent shaped lotus pond named “Crescent Moon Pond” you can go towards it, what do you see? It is believed that Monk Jin Qiaojue used to free captive fish. Ok, now I say some brief introduction about it and then you can go around it. We’ll gather here after one hour, ok? The temple consists of four parts: the lobby, the grand hall, the back hall and the Scripture Tower. The ground slopes up with each part and the whole layout is natural. The doors, windows, brackets, beams, columns, steps and the cornerstone are carved with exquisite designs. In the hall are preserved horizontal boards inscribed by emperor in ancient time.

Ok! Is everyone here? 1, 2, 3… Ok, now, let’s go to see the Phoenix Pine, in Minyuan Scenic Area. Phoenix Pine is over 1400 years old, and is one of the four decorative trees in Anhui Province.

After seeing Phoenix Pine, we’ll finish our travel, and on behalf of my company, my Chinese colleagues and myself, I’d like to take this opportunity to express my thanks for your consideration, understanding, tolerance and cooperation.

九华山英文导游词二：

Mount Jiuhua is one of the four sacred mountains of Chinese Buddhism. It is located in Qingyang County in Anhui province and is famous for its rich landscape and ancient temples.

Many of the mountain’s shrines and temples are dedicated to Ksitigarbha (known in Chinese as Dìzàng, Traditional Chinese: 地藏), who is a bodhisattva and protector of souls in hell according to Mahayana Buddhist tradition. Pious Buddhists often come to this popular attraction in Anhui to climb to Greater Tiantai peak, which is regarded as Jiuhuashan’s most important peak, although it is not the tallest.

History of Jiuhua Mountain

Jiuhu Mountain, known as a Buddhist wonderland and famous for its large number of temples and beautiful scenery, has been a resplendent pearl of Chinese cultural heritage.

Jiuhua Mountain was formed in the late Cenozoic Era, and Buddhism began in the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589) at the mountain. According to historical records, a monk named Fuhu built Fuhu Convent in 503; Monk Tanhao practised Buddhism here in 713; During 713-755, Jin Qiaojue, a Korean aristocrat, came to Jiuhua Mountain and lived in a stone cave at Dongya Peak. His hard practice moved the local people, and they contributed money to build a temple for him. In 781 the local official Zhang Yan presented a memorial to the emperor for the horizontal inscribed board "Huacheng". Upon Jin Qiaojue’s nirvana, it was said that the mountain roared, birds and monkeys cried, and the earth gave out fire and light. His body kept lively three years later, so he was respected as the Earth Buddha, wrapped with earth and has been preserved to present. Roushen Pagoda was built to revere him, and thus Jiuhua Mountain has become the place where Earth Buddhist rites are performed.

The history of Buddhism at Jiuhua Mountain can be divided into five periods: founded in the middle of Tang Dynasty ; decayed from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties; slowly developed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties; and greatly developed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, the emperors granted money to rebuild Huacheng Temple for three times and two emperors bestowed inscriptions. The number of temples and nunneries was over a hundred, and many monks and nuns came. It was listed as one of the four famous Buddhist mountains, besides Wutai Mountain, Emei Mountain, and Putuo Mountain.

“ 定远”舰景区，位于 山东省风光旖旎的 海滨城市 威海市的城区繁华地带，主体景观为按原貌复制再现的清末北洋海军旗舰“定远”号。 历史上的“定远”舰，是19世纪工业文明的产物，因为武备强大、防护完善，一度被誉为“亚洲第一巨舰”、“遍地球一等之铁甲舰”，见证象征了中国海洋上一段辉煌的往事。这艘军舰又因浓浓的 甲午风云， 和在甲午海战中的不屈表现，赢得了“永不沉没的‘定远’”之称，成为国人心目中的一座海上图腾。

定远舰是清政府花费近170万两 白银向德国订造的一艘战舰，是当时世界海军中罕见的大型铁甲舰，其装甲厚，吨位大，炮火重，利于防御，号称“第一铁舰”。该舰由德国伏尔锵造船厂制造，1883年11月28日下水。

1894年9月17日，以“定远”、“ 镇远”为首的北洋水师主力在 黄海大东沟海域与 日本海军联合舰队主力进行了一场决战。“定远”舰中弹159发，“镇远”舰中弹220发，“定”、“镇”二舰的装甲和炮塔护甲上的弹坑没有超过102毫米的，显示出二舰的顽强生命力。

1895年2月5日凌晨，“定远”舰在威海保卫战中，遭日本海军鱼雷艇袭击， 丁汝昌下令趁军舰尚未沉没前驶往刘公岛南面搁浅，利用舰炮，增强东口的防御力量。丁汝昌被迫撤离“定远”，移驻“镇远”指挥。10日下午，丁汝昌、刘步蟾命令用水雷将搁浅的“定远”炸毁。

复制的“定远”号纪念舰，主要由岸上与舰上两大部分组成，军舰本身，完全依据历史资料按1：1比例进行复制建造，最大程度再现了历史原舰的风采。舰上各种武器装备一一复制，齐全逼真，许多著名的历史场景也都纷纷还原再现，如临其境。军舰内部，围绕“定远”舰、甲午海战布置了2层主题展馆，并有选择的复原再现了一批“定远”舰内历史生活场景。景区内还设有北洋海军历史陈列、三维环幕影院、模拟互动海战游戏等参观、游览项目，合力营造了一座能切身感受历史，走进百年前铁甲巨舰生活的独特人文景观。

登上这艘战舰，恍若跨越时空，百年往事历历在目，甲午英雄的故事、铁甲巨舰的雄风、黄海大战的惨烈、亚洲第一的强国梦都将在这里与您相会.昂首静泊在威海湾畔，与刘公岛隔海相望的“定远”，龙旗猎猎、身未动威先行，仿佛蓄势待发，将要继续那未尽的航程。北洋海军“定远”号铁甲舰，欢迎您来参与感受历史!

北陵又称清昭陵，是清朝第二代开国君主，太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后的陵墓，占地面积18万平方米，位于沈阳古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。

昭陵由南至北，依次为分前、中、后三个部分组成。

前部在缭墙外。参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，是由青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。

中部，从正红门到方城，正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，造形生动，引人注目。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称“昭陵神、功圣德碑”。

后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼，到达宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

陵园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，种植了近200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。

北陵还拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。

北陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

沈阳北陵(昭陵)古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观，成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地。

各位游客大家好，欢迎来到真佛山。真佛山位于福善镇境内的七里峡山脉中段，是一座集古庙、林海、秀峰、溶洞、湖水于一体，人文景观、自然景观交相辉映的省级风景名胜区。我们今天的游览路线是沿着山路一路向上，依次经过寺门、玉皇殿、天子殿最后到达大雄宝殿。另外，因为真佛山山势比较陡峭，请大家一定要注意安全。

真佛山寺庙群最初是关帝庙。清朝嘉庆十五年，也就是1820_年，僧人蒋德化仿照佛寺对关帝庙进行了大规模的改造，取名为“德化寺”。十五年后的道光六年，达州知府孙益廷捐资扩建德化寺并亲自题名“真佛山”。因为真佛山儒释道三教合一，因而有三教圣地的美誉。说到这真佛山的得名啊，还有一个小故事。道光年间的达州知府孙益廷年过半百而膝下无子，特意上山求助于德化寺的和尚，法师赠给知府夫人一个桃子，不久，夫人就喜得贵子，孙知府便深信这是佛祖显灵，称颂德化寺的和尚是尊“真佛”，并且大笔一挥题名“真佛山”。后人评价真佛山是一座儒释道三教融合的圣地，尤其是德化寺的三大殿，是目前川东北保存最完整、规模最大的建筑群，堪称建筑艺术宝库。

看过了前面的寺门、玉皇殿，现在就到了天子殿。既然来到天子殿，拜过了十殿阎王，那我就顺便来给大家讲一讲咱们中国传统文化中的阎罗王。远古时代，先民们对于梦和死亡难以理解，于是就产生了对鬼神的崇拜，他们认为生命是由魂魄主宰的，古人有云，“魄者，心识，有灵用而无行者;魄者，有形体而为心识之依处者”大体意思就是，魂是人的精神、魄呢就差不多相当于人的肉体。人死之后，魄随着肉体消亡了，但魂就好比人睡着了之后做梦一样飘飘忽忽地就离开了肉体，成为了鬼魂。人们相信，鬼魂在阴间所得到的好坏对待是由当初在人间的德行表现所决定的。再说阎罗王，阎罗王本来是古代印度神话中管理阴间的王，佛教把他发展成了地狱的主人。阎罗王所掌管的就是人们非常熟悉的十八层地狱。按照佛经的说法，在人间作恶多端、罪孽深重的人死后都要进十八层地域受尽无限的刑罚痛苦。这本来是佛教为了宣传“因果报应”的理论编造的，但它却在民间得到了广泛的信仰。咱们天子殿这里供奉的十殿阎君就是地狱的统治者。十殿阎君要解决的问题主要在于人死后所面临的审判问题。按照要求，所有人在世间的行为，都要在冥冥地府中得到一次严格公正的裁决。善者就能投生净土，作恶的就要打入地狱受尽磨难。在十殿冥府中，亡灵每七天过一个殿，受一位阎君的审判。当然了，身为阴曹地府的主宰，阎罗王不能什么事都是自己来，于是就有了他手下的判官(手势)和小鬼。大家看这里，这就是牛头马面，负责地狱的巡逻和缉拿逃跑的罪人。这尊是鬼夜叉，负责在地狱中施行刑罚。这两位就是黑白无常，负责到人间索命勾魂。这样呢，一个由阎罗王、判官、小鬼、牛头马面、鬼夜叉、黑白无常等构成的地狱任务系统就出来了。

话说回来啊，地狱还有阎王小鬼这些说法是人类想象出来的，并没有科学依据。那咱们天子殿内这么多的塑像，而且一尊尊都塑造的面目狰狞。其实它的作用就是提醒大家善有善报，恶有恶报，劝大家积极行善，不做恶事。

好，现在请大家这边走，我们去参观下一个殿——大雄宝殿。

Tourists friends, hello, welcome you to the three gorges tourism. Seven hundred in the three gorges, the grand risk, pull beautiful beautiful, four seasons beautiful scene different style. Winter, spring pool, green west, blame BaiLingFeng, flying waterfall suspended; The summer water rises, the river surging; Your autumn the chill cold, ape cry. Into the three gorges somebody else, tasting the golden orange; On the three gorges dam, majestic momentum. Affectionate three gorges scenery, the peoples enthusiasm, welcome you often swim here. I hope you happy in this trip, a nice day.

TanZiLing scenic spot is a national first batch AAAA level scenic area, is the earliest development of the three gorges dam scenic area, in 1997, the official start of the reception foreign tourists due to its observation deck at the top like a named overturned jars, the scenic spot is located for the dam construction surveying points, elevation 262.48 meters, is the best place to watch the panoramic view of three gorges project, not only can enjoy the three gorges dam on the powerful ZhuangWei, still can watch stand bolt upright a precipice "Yangtze river gorge" fourth two-way five locks.

TanZiLing scenic spot is the commanding heights of the three gorges site, is the best place to watch the panoramic view of three gorges project. TanZiLing for inverting image outside a jar. Scenic area of about 100000 square meters of the whole scenic spots including the observation deck, anaglyph big book, iron and steel group, one hundred million Jiang Shi model room and green belts, and so on, showed the long-standing three gorges culture comprehensive, expressed the people hydration and water as a distinct theme, man can conquer nature.

TanZiLing because its shape looks like a mountain of sichuan people make kimchi named buckle the jar at the top of the hill, elevation 262.48 meters, the three gorges dam is 15.28 square kilometers land within the scope of the commanding heights above sea level, on the top of the TanZiLing observation deck, overlooking the three gorges dam construction, get a good view of the xiling cattle rocks beautiful scenery and the prospect of new county zigui.

Legend has it that dayu harnessing of 3 a house but not into, in god cow help through KuiMen, pushed open the channel in 400, familiar people gratitude, with a huge boat carrying 24 pig head and a large altar wine to treat. To the accomplishment, but see that god cattle smoke cloud, only left a video in the high mountain, after the people called scalpers rock. The dayu also track god cattle travel, left over from a statue of stone as a souvenir. Touched by people for a long time refused to leave, make huge boat in the river on the waiting, the giant ship into a small island - being built at zhongbaodao island. The ships pig into the river, will be 24 in rocks, and the altar wine is on the left bank, unreal TanZiLing and popular. Buddha, it is said that on sunny weather, the breeze peak to peak in the river, wine consumption binge, also really ecstatic.

The entire park in a highly increasing from top to bottom is divided into three layers, showrooms, mainly by the model ten thousand a recently stone, river closure, the three gorges dam foundation, silver version gobbledygook and TanZiLing landscape, such as the observation deck and spectacular fountains and beautiful waterfalls, winding streams, green lawn, this process, in a static dynamic, moving in the static, as if place oneself in the beautiful paradise.

这里可算是一个微型园林。木府是古城的一部分，也有小‘桥流水，但又别具一格。这里曲径回廊，雕栏玉柱，有着南方园林的小巧别致，又有古柏森森的狮子山和巍峨殿宇，颇具北方园林的雄浑大气。石碑上是纳西族学者郭大烈撰写的《重修木府记》，写尽了木府春秋。这里是重修木府时发现的一处遗址，从汉白玉铺地和考究的石柱础上，可以遥想木府当年的辉煌。

家院到了。这里是木氏土司的生活区，一进三院，有的房间已辟为陈列室。这棵观音柳已有600多岁，原已干枯，1996年的丽江七级地震后却奇迹般地枯木逢春，到现在不过五六年光景，已是枝叶婆娑，生意盎然，五六月份还会开出红色的小花。树旁是石虎，老虎是纳西族的门神，据说这家院也曾有虎守门，后来才换成这石虎守门。

这里陈列的是古代一个中等收入家庭给女儿的嫁妆，其中最有特色的是七星羊皮和铜器。那箱子上是七星羊皮，跟现代不同的是肩部钉有两个象征日月的锦锈大布盘，所以才有纳西妇女“肩挑13月，背负七星”之说，显示纳西妇女披星戴月的辛勤劳动。纳西族还有陪嫁铜器的习俗。丽江历史上产铜，铜器制作闻名遐迩，有铜锁、铜瓢、铜桶、铜盆、铜壶等等。这些铜器，红的热烈，黄的灿烂，经久耐用，让人喜爱，茶马古道时期还远销藏区。右边这是文把事的值班室，大家看这二进院中的铺地，用砖瓦和鹅卵石，中间铺的是个寿字，四角是四只蝙蝠，这叫四福(蝠)闹寿，这种铺地，旱不灰，雨不泥，通地气，增湿度，又吉祥如意，对脚底还有按摩作用。

这里是小姐的卧室，与民间女子不同，小姐们长大后要嫁往门当户对的土司官宦人家，所以要通文墨，能理家。右边这是丫环的值班室，一天二十四小时值班伺候小姐，不得有丝毫的懈怠，所以不设床榻。木缸是小姐用来洗澡的。

这第三进院中的铺地，中间是个福字，周围是暗八仙，是由八仙过海的传说演变而来，图案中就用这八位神仙所持的宝，物来暗指八仙，所以叫暗八仙。这八件宝物是：铁拐李的葫芦、吕洞宾的拂尘、汉钟离的芭蕉扇、曹国舅的御板、张果老的竹筒、蓝采和的花篮、何仙姑的荷花和韩湘子的箫。请大家顺时针方向走一圈，祝大家有福有寿，事业上如八仙过海，事事通达。

Hunan province is located in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, the majority of areas in the south of dongting lake, the name of hunan. Within the territory of the xiangjiang river runs through north and south, and hunan for short. Allegedly, the xiangjiang river basin in the past more than planting lotus, the tang dynasty poet Tan Yongzhi have "autumn wind wan li furong country" of words, so it is called the "lotus" of hunan. Sichuan hunan jiangxi province in the east, west, south which the guangdong, hubei province in the north.

The dongting lake plain is located in the north of hubei province. East range Mimi, yueyang, west to LinLi, changde, taoyuan, yiyang, Joe, XiangYin mouth, south to the north to the south of jingjiang reach of hubei province. Covers an area of 12690 square kilometers (hunan province). At an altitude of 30-50 meters. Long-term deposition of dongting lake, lake of exposed the fluvial alluvial plain. The dongting lake plain and south-central es on the plain of jianghan plain, hubei province, is one of the three great plains is an important part of the Yangtze river plain.

River in hunan province, do so more than 5 km river in 5341, the total length of 90000 km, the basin area in more than 5000 square kilometers of the river article 17. Except a few of the pearl river water system and the gan river in the province, mainly in hunan, endowment, yuan and li four water and its tributaries, along the terrain into dongting lake from the south to the north, the city ling angeles into the Yangtze river and dongting lake water system formed a relatively complete. The largest rivers in the xiangjiang river in hunan province, is also one of the seven major Yangtze river tributaries. Dongting lakes largest lakes in the province. The lake across hunan and hubei provinces. In 1644-1825 in dongting lake area of 6270 square kilometers. In 1937, covering 1937 square kilometers. 1983 measurements, dongting lake water is only 2691 square kilometers, less than half in 1825. Due to the increasing lake sediment loads, 28 years, from 1949 to 1977 in dongting lake shrink 85500 mu per year on average.

Hunan is a minority more provinces, are back, tujia, miao, zhuang, manchu, dong, yao, Mongolian, uygur, yi, Tibetan, Korean, etc. 26 ethnic minorities.

Changsha in hunan province is located in the eastern north of hunan province, the xiangjiang river downstream, jing railway line, the east and jiangxi tonggu, over load, yichun, pingxiang border, south to xiangtan and zhuzhou city, west and loudi and yiyang region adjacent, north borders on yueyang area. Changsha is the provinces political, economic, cultural and transportation center, one is one of the famous historical and cultural city by the state council. About seven thousand years ago, changsha has the original ancestors reproduced here. The name of changsha began in the western zhou dynasty. Dynasty period to the southern town of chu, qingyang, the qin dynasty unified the rear changsha county, the early western han dynasty set up changsha kingdom, han, jin and southern dynasties, changsha as the slag in the county, sui xingsha, tang for tam states, the five dynasties and ten states for capital, and chu yuan to tam state road, and another day in the road, the Ming and qing dynasties for changsha office, set up in 1933 in changsha city. Since the qing dynasty, changsha calendar for hunan. On August 4, 1949, changsha peaceful liberation.

After the founding of new China, this economic development soon, has now formed by mechanical, textile, light industry, chemical industry, building materials, food and other industrial comprehensive industrial system, the main products are cotton, cigarettes, industrial pump, blower, coal, steel, cement, etc., traditional industrial products, changsha, hunan embroidery, liuyang grass cloth, firecrackers, chrysanthemum stone, copper officer, pottery, etc. Agricultural and sideline products is given priority to with rice, pig, fish, tea, citrus, tea oil, rapeseed and other also.

Hunan province rich in mineral resources, is the national important mineral base, known as "the hometown of nonferrous metals," said, nearly is known as "the hometown of non-metallic" again.

A lot of places of interest in hunan, yueyang tower, dongting lake, yuelu academy, writing, as pavilion, orange chau, shaoshan MAO zedongs former residence, xinmin society, water pool revolutionary memorial hall, self-study university site, site of liuyang Wen Gu city meet site, comrade liu shaoqis former residence, residence of comrade Yang Kaihui, lei feng memorial hall, etc., and hengshan, zhangjiajie national forest park, etc.

各位游客大家好，首先我代表--旅行社欢迎大家参加本次的旅游，

我是来自阳光旅行社的一名导游，我叫---，大家可以叫我--，这位是司机-师傅，有着多年的驾驶经验，今天就有我和-师傅一同为大家服务。今天我们要游览的地方是被誉为“华北第一宅”的石家大院，如果大家在游览过程中有任何问题，请向我提出来，我将竭尽全力为大家解决，也希望大家能支持配合我的工作。最后预祝大家旅途顺利，玩的愉快。

我们现在正行驶在去往石家大院的路上，在到达景区之前，我先给大家做一个简单的介绍。 石家大院坐落在千年古镇杨柳青，始建于清光绪年初，是一座距今有着130多年的历史的大型清代民宅。其建筑结构独特，砖、木、石雕精美，气势宏浩典雅，是我国北方最大的民宅。石家祖籍山东，明代时以漕运为业，盈利渐丰，后在杨柳青落户后便广置田产，至明末清初已经发展成为拥有4万多亩土地的大地主了。在清嘉庆4年时，乾隆皇帝的宠臣和珅获罪赐死，有一使女携珠宝外逃，后被石万程停泊在通州的粮船收留，至此，石家财富骤增。至清道光3年，石家共分4大门户，长门福善堂、二门正廉堂、三门天赐堂、四门尊美堂，其中尤以四门尊美堂最为治家有方、财丁兴旺，不断扩建为津西第一家，世人俗称“石家大院”。而我们今天要参观的石家大院其实就是尊美堂大院。

好了，我们的车已经到景区停车场了，大家携带好随身物品，随我下车参观游览。 进入石家大院，首先映入我们眼帘的就是这座影壁。它是中国传统建筑特有的部分，影壁除了能给庭院增加气氛，祈福吉祥之外，也起到一种是外界难以窥视园内活动的隔离作用。在影壁的四角及中间，有五只雕刻精美的蝙蝠，寓意“五福临门”，而影壁的前方，摆放着一只用玉石雕刻的白菜，在这里谐音“百财”，也是纳福纳财之意。 大家先来随我看看沙盘展示，了解一下石家大院的整体布局。我们可以看到，石府的建筑布局采用轴线对称式，全院由南至北有一条甬道为中轴线，贯穿四座门楼，东面为过去主人居住的地方，西面为为石府主体建筑。大院两侧又分别设有东西跨院。石家大院占地总面积约8300多平方米，建筑面积3000多平方米，共有18个大小院落，历经10余年才得以建成，仅戏楼和客厅主体建筑就耗银30万两。1991年时，石府被天津市政府批准为市级文物保护单位，20--年又被国务院批准为国家级文物保护单位，同年被国家旅游局评定为国家4A级景区。 下面大家请随我，仔细的参观这座吉祥的大院。 现在我们走的这条长长的甬道就是整座大院的中轴线，由南到北地势不断升高，有步步高升之意。此外，甬道上门楼为三座，门前台阶又为三级，暗喻为连升三级。 跨过左手边的这道小门，我们现在来到的就是花厅。花厅是石家男主人接待宾客、商议大事的地方。大家看，中堂悬挂有“尊美堂”匾额，为光绪皇帝的老师翁同赫所题。客厅正中的这尊石雕，所刻的是白菜和两只小狗，象征着“人财两旺”。客厅中隔断上的八扇屏是保存下来的珍品，雕刻公益非常精细，表现的是四季花鸟，其特点是从玻璃两侧看图案完全一致，看似八扇，实则十六面。大家过这边来看一下，这里有一块地转被移开了，我们可以看到里面纵横交错的烟道，类似于现在的地暖，是石家从当年的皇宫学来的，只供花厅和戏楼取暖之用。

从花厅出来，我们现在走的这条长廊专供人们在雨雪天行走方便，当年石氏宴请亲朋或丧诞之日，所请亲朋都经于此。左侧是石府的花园，占地约1100平方米，以环廊，奇石，碧水，曲径，方亭，翠草，娇花巧妙装点，宛如身处苏州园林。鹅卵石路上有一个古钱币的图案，上有吉祥如意四个字，预示着“生财有道、财运亨通”。我们走的这条长廊共计32个自然间，可环绕花园一周，

在四角亭旁边的这棵枣树已生长了200多年，据说“吃了此树枣长生不老，搂搂枣树腰百病全没了”。长廊白墙之上还有8块杨柳青年画题材的石雕什锦窗和由9块方砖拼在一起的万福如意砖雕1副。花园的山水称为“石泉”，其石头是北山石，有着横、棱、硬、峥的特点，这与江南太湖石的皱、瘦、透、漏截然不同。古时候钱币称作泉，“石泉”看似石家的泉，却暗含着十全十美，财源滚滚都是钱之意。一个小小的石府花园，基本上集中了我国廊式建筑的所有建造模式。石府花园以杨柳青特色与南国园林结合彰显出石氏家族特有的品位与风韵。

大家看长廊的右边，这就是地炉灶口，入炭二百斤燃烧一昼夜，然后热气顺烟道穿过，烧热地面，而后顺着东北角处暗藏的烟道，从屋顶排出。

戏楼历来是皇室、王府、官宦之家的专利。石府戏楼是北方民宅中最大的戏楼，下面我们就一起步人戏楼。石府戏楼位于整个大院的中间，与花厅仅一墙之隔。戏楼大部分为木质结构，是一处集南北建筑风格为一体的厅殿。戏楼的顶子设计巧妙，外面用铁皮封上，再用铜铆钉铆成一个寿字。由于屋顶为长方形，“寿”字则尤显细长，所以又表达长寿之意。楼内共设有120个座位，整体建筑采用抬梁式，左右各有6根立柱，立柱为通天式，上圆下方，取其天圆地方之意。我们看到，在立柱上方还悬设立一圈回廊，称为“走马廊”，就是当年石府的家丁护院警卫时站的地方。这个戏楼还有一个特点就是冬暖夏凉、音质好。戏楼采用盝定式屋顶，采光甚佳，通过屋檐的巧妙设计与太阳高度角的变动来调节光照于气温，再加上冬天脚下有地炉，和夏天青石砖发潮吸热的特性，所以冬暖夏凉。戏楼建筑用砖均是三座马蹄窑指定专人特殊烧制，经专用工具打磨以后干摆叠砌，用元宵面打浆糊白灰膏粘合，墙成一体，加上北高南低回声不撞，北面隔扇门能放音，拢音效果极佳，偌大戏楼不用扩音器，不仅在角落听得清楚，即使院内也听得明白无误。因此，石府戏楼堪称“民宅一绝”。

从戏楼出来，左手边的这个跨院是当年石府的家丁护院所在的地方。眼前的这块大石头就是当时考核家丁所用，上写着“独占鳌头”四个大字，重150公斤。如果能轻松举起的话，就顺利过关通过考核，成为石府的家丁。如今这里是杨柳青水局的陈列馆。

穿过水局陈列厅，我们现在看到左手边的这所屋子里是杨柳青年画二十四孝。正对着我们的这间房子就是当年石府的家学堂。旁边这个院落是佛堂，是石氏供奉神佛偶像之处。光绪十年，1884年，家庙竣工，将神像等移至三门天锡堂内供奉，此处改为小家祠。家祠正中供奉，观世音菩萨及石氏宝字辈以下的木主，逢年过节，壁间悬挂已故家主影，每逢长辈祭辰，在此院诵经追荐。佛堂建筑为典型的抬梁式框架结构，四梁八柱，在中间最高房梁上有当年保存下来的上梁诗：上联是“盂堂金马家声汨”，下联是“画栋雕梁气象新”，意思是石宅兴建豪华美丽的家院，一改旧的面貌，到处是装饰精美的房屋，一派新的气象。这种民宅结构非常坚固，也是人们常说的培倒房不塌。

现在我们回身看到的这座门就是垂花门，垂花门属典制式建筑，是宫廷传统建筑中的绝活，图案为莲花倒垂所以称垂花门。这样的垂花门在石府总共有3座，根据荷花的三个花期雕刻成三种不同形态的图案，分别取名为“含苞待放”、“花蕊吐絮”、“籽满蓬莲”。眼前佛堂所对的这座门就是石家的第一座垂花门，含苞待放。

好了，下面的时间交给大家，大家可以拍拍照，也可以去东面的展厅和陈列馆参观一下婚俗，灯箱画，砖雕等民间艺术。大家注意在三点前到我们刚来的停车场集合，记着我们的车是橘红色大金龙，大伙千万不要迟到，延误咱们回去的时间。

游客朋友们，一天的行程结束了，感谢大家对我工作的支持和配合，也非常的舍不得大家，这次我们的游览非常的圆满顺利，如果大家对我的工作有什么意见或建议，请大家向我提出来，我会努力改正。最后，预祝大家归途愉快，一路平安。

各位游客朋友们：

大家好!非常欢迎大家来到野三坡民族园度假村游览。我是民族园区内的导游员，今天由我来为大家做导游服务，希望我的导游能给大家带来一份好的心情，并预祝大家玩得开心，愉快。

首先，我把野三坡给大家做个简要介绍：

野三坡地处河北省涞水县境内，总面积600平方公里，距北京中心仅120余公里，是距首都北京最近的国家级风景名胜区，被首都市民形象地称为“北京的后花园”。这里不仅风光秀丽，而且交通条件也非常便利。京原铁路在野三坡有三座中间站，分别是野三坡站、苟各庄站和福山口站。其中前两站分别位于拒马河和百里峡的两个重点景区。108国道及省道纵横交错，四通八达，东可至北京、天津;南可到保定、石家庄;西可去太原;北可去门头沟、张家口和呼和浩特等。所以说野三坡是太行山北段的重要交通枢纽，可谓是“条条大路通三坡”。

野三坡自古就有“世外桃园”之称，那“三坡”之名是怎么来的呢?原来这里的地势由南向北逐渐增高，分为上、中、下三坡，上坡和下坡的气候相差半月有余，山下的核桃已结果，山上的核桃树才开花，可见三坡之名是由地势变化，气候不同而产生的。那么“野”字是怎么回事呢?据《涿洲志》载，明初燕王朱棣兴师扫北行至野三坡境内的奴才岭时，见一只松鼠在那里捧食松果，燕王以为在对他拱手施礼，就对左右曰：“兽且如此，况人民乎!”于颁恩诏免除丁粮。三坡人民也免除了一场灾难。“松鼠讨封”的故事至今在三坡广为流传。时至清兵入关推翻明朝后，清政府对三坡地区实行重赋，不许三坡人民加入科举考试的行列，还经常骚扰三坡人民。三坡人民就组织了家道殷实，素孚众望的“老人官”来管理坡内的一切事务。这也许就是有记载的中国最早的民主选举制度。后来康熙皇帝上五台山寻父路经三坡，三坡人民奋力抵抗。康熙皇帝称三坡人民为“穷山恶水，野夫刁民”强给三坡人民加个“野”字，这就是野三坡的来历。

野三坡由七大风景区组成，分别是百里峡自然风景游览区、佛洞塔奇泉怪洞游览区、龙门峡长城文物保护区、金华山寻奇狩猎游览区、百草畔原始森林开发区、拒马河避暑疗养游乐区以及新开发的三皇山景区。在这七大景区内分布着数百个风景点，是山水泉洞、林木花草、鸟兽鱼虫、文物名胜无所不包、无所不奇的综合性自然美整体。

现在请大家随着我由前寨门去民族园内了解一下六个民族的风土人情和民族文化。民族园的前身是野三坡度假村。于1986年对外开放接待游客。为落实全国政协22位少数民族委员关于在北京周边兴建56个少数民族村寨的提案。于1992年在度假村建成了北方地区最大的少数民族村寨—苗寨。1995年又进行升级改造，形成了吃、住、行、游、购、娱于一体的少数民族文化村寨。为了丰富民族文化，今年春天，旅游集团公司又改建了侗寨、摩梭寨，并新建了傈僳寨、独龙寨、爱伲寨，组成六个少数民族村寨，形成“民族园”。

前面这个木质牌楼式建筑便是苗族“寨门”了。说起苗族，它是一个具有历史悠久的跨境民族，主要分布在数十多个国家和地区。我国是苗族的发祥地，其悠久的历史造就了该民族独具特色的建筑、饮食、服装、文化艺术。.请大家继续看一下这个寨门，虽叫寨门却无门板，不能关闭，在真正的苗乡，有时用两棵翠竹的顶端拧在一起来作为“寨门”。在苗族同胞看来寨门的防卫作用是信念上的，不在乎它的实际安全功能，只是用来作为寨子内外的一种标志而已。寨门是苗族同胞们迎来送往宾客的公共场所，遇到宾客进寨，男女老少便群集在门外设置拦路酒，而两侧的苗家的姑娘小伙们一边吹着芦笙，一边唱着拦路歌，一边跳着欢快的舞蹈，隆重地为宾客举行欢迎仪式，表现了苗族同胞的热情好客。

寨前坡后的这些郁郁葱葱的树木是保寨树，它象征着苗族同胞的生生不息，深受着苗族同胞的垂青。在苗族同胞的心目中，不管是人工种植的还是天然生成的，只要被视为能使其风调雨顺、寨泰民安的“保寨树”一概不能砍伐，甚至枯枝败叶都不能带回家烧，如果哪家淘气的孩子，不小心折了一棵，母亲便会带上孩子来到这棵树前焚香祷告，祈求老天的饶恕。苗族同胞如此敬重树木，可能是经历了滥砍乱伐，生态平衡被破坏而造成灾难的过程，他们不懂得环境保护的科学道理便以树木有灵作解释了。

大家看到的这些吊脚楼便是苗族同胞的民居了。度假村苗居是根据贵州苗居修建成的，它的吊脚楼的基本特点是楼角不在同一水平面上造成一种高低错落，虚实相同的艺术效果，而民居的建筑特点是在二楼宽敞明亮的走廊上设置的这种“美人靠”，美人靠是苗族姑娘做针线活和梳妆打扮的地方，据说在“美人靠”上靠一靠会越来越年轻漂亮，您不防也来试试看，看是否真的越靠越漂亮呢?

苗族的服装多为自纺、自织、自染、自绣的，款式多过一百余种，头饰以银饰为主。每到演出时间，苗家姑娘会身着盛装出场，重点推出“上刀梯”、“下火海”等扣人心弦的精彩节目。

现在映入我们眼帘的是苗侗茶园，到了这里您可以品尝到来自苗乡侗寨独特的苦丁茶。苦丁茶是一种生长在我国云贵高原的乔木，树高七、八米，枝叶茂盛。用它的叶子加工成茶，其味道相当独特。泡出来的茶色淡黄、柔和，品其味道不但有咖啡的苦香，又有薄荷的清凉，且有甘草的香甜，若在炎炎夏日品上一道苦丁茶，会使您顿感全身凉爽、精神百倍，品其茶，思其道。一杯苦丁茶，却蕴含着人生大道理——先苦后甜，真是其味无穷。

品完了苦丁茶再带您到侗族民居展厅···

侗族主要分布在贵州、湖南和广西三省交界区，人口共28万，语言属汉藏语系布水语支。他们的村寨沿口而建，依山傍水而居，居住的是木板吊脚楼，建筑上最具代表的是鼓楼和风雨桥。侗族又分为南侗和北侗两大方言区和文化区，侗族的文化艺术主要以南侗为主。是一个民俗众多的古老民族，礼仪习俗更是形形色色，这里的人个个能歌善舞，热情好客，人们称赞她们为“诗人的故乡”、“歌的海洋”。侗族的文化更是丰富多彩、色彩斑斓，服装款式别具一格，乐器造型独特，声音奇异。最擅长的乐器是牛脚琴，琵琶和芦笙。舞蹈古朴而豪放，最典型的是多耶舞。侗族多耶舞是团结友爱的意思，也是侗族地区传统节目必须举行的集体性舞蹈，由一个人领唱，姑娘、小伙儿身着盛装，在月光下的篝火旁手牵手同歌共舞，老人小孩和宾朋也随后加入，优美的歌曲伴着轻柔的舞姿给人一种美的享受。侗族的板鞋舞幽默风趣，等表演时大家可以去积极参与。另外，还有节奏明快竹杆舞，在侗族的原始部落中，人们常以竹棍为武器，驱赶牲畜。每当狩猎胜利归来，人们常以竹杆棍棒相互敲打，以之欢庆，无意中发现敲打时，能发生清脆的响声，于是人们在生产过程中不断加工整理，发展成了今天的侗族竹杆舞。侗族的节日特别多，最大、最热闹的节日主要是正月十五的歌堂令。二月十八的山歌令，三月三的花炮节，六月的粽粑节以及九月九的芦笙节等。今年的民族园要在九月九举办此节，请各位有兴趣的前来参加。而侗族的风俗场面最大的恐怕要数接亲了。男方在接亲时必须以歌赢得对方，否则以酒相罚，喝酒时还有一个特点，那就是侗族小姑娘边唱歌边揪对方的耳朵把酒喝下以示尊重客人，好比咱们见了客人面首先要握手一样。在接亲途中如遇到桥，新郎必须背新娘过桥，途中不许休息、不许摔下桥，否则婚姻不成。到男方家后，拜天地交换接亲之物，然后新娘当日返回娘家，住3个月后再被接回才算正式结束，男女双方才能生活在一起。

前面是摩梭寨，摩梭人属于纳西族的一个支系，主要居住在金沙江东部的云南省宁蒗县以及四川盐源，木里等县，人口约四万余人。摩梭人喜欢依山而居，房屋是用木材垒盖起来的，当地称“木楞房”。摩梭人的传统节日有春节、端午节、朝山节、祭祖节等。其中以春节、朝山节最为隆重。朝山节是每年农历七月二十五日，永宁的摩梭人都要举行朝拜格姆山的活动，这叫转女神山。传说在远古以前，永宁村有一位美丽漂亮的姑娘叫格姆，她不仅有出众的容貌，还能吹奏悦耳的竹笛，她的美名远扬，九村十八寨的小伙子们都慕名前来向她求婚，不料天上的一位男神看中了她，便用一阵旋风将格姆卷上了天。整个寨子里的人都倾寨而出齐声呼叫追赶，男神在慌乱中失了手，格姆则重重地摔在地上，她死了之后，身体化成了一座山，灵魂却变成了一个女神。常常骑着一匹白马，巡游在永宁上空，主管着当地摩梭妇女的生育和疾病，并能保佑当地人畜繁衍，谷物丰产，风调雨顺。大家为了纪念格姆，于是每年的农历七月二十五日都要举行盛大的朝山活动，今年我们也将增设这个节日，欢迎大家来参予我们的活动。摩梭人在13岁以前，不论男女都穿长衫，少男剃光头，少女留小辫，直到13岁时，家人要为之举行成年礼，女孩叫“穿裙礼”男孩叫“穿裤礼”。成年礼在农历正月初一清晨举行，举行成年礼后，便开始改变服饰。

摩梭人的婚姻与家庭习俗非常与众不同，现行的婚姻形态主要是阿夏异居婚。“阿夏”是摩梭语，意为亲密的伴侣。所谓“阿夏”异居婚就是男不娶妻，女不嫁人，男女双方各居母家，男子只是夜晚到女阿夏家居住，清晨返回母亲家里参加生产、劳动，这叫“走婚”。阿夏异居婚子女，属女方家庭成员，姓氏随母，由女方家共同承担抚养义务，生父与子女不在一个家庭生活，男方没有法定的抚养子女的义务。男女双方一生可结交多个阿夏，但不可同时结交两个，只有跟一个终止了阿夏关系后，才能结交另一个。男女双方建立阿夏关系完全以情爱作基础，不受家庭，地位的影响，所以从未发生过情杀、自杀，更不会牵涉到家庭和社会的纷争。另一咱婚姻形态是阿夏同居婚，这种婚姻形态是在阿夏异居婚的基础上发展起来的。男女双方不再各居母家，而是同居一家，或者男到女家，或者女到男家，共同生产，养育子女。这种婚姻是在男女双方经过长期异居走婚，感情较为牢靠，且年纪已近中年后组合的。除了上述的两种婚姻形式外，还有一部分人实行一夫一妻制。

摩梭人的家族多属母系大家庭，一般都在一二十人左右。在家族饮食上，不论男女老幼都是平等的，他们以大米、玉米为主食，分菜时先敬长辈，后给晚辈，以示礼貌。摩梭人能歌善舞，较为流行的是“甲磋舞”俗称“打跳”，“甲”为美好之意，“磋”为跳舞的意思，即为美好时辰而舞蹈，“打跳”不受时间、空间限制，男女老少均可参加。旧时“打跳”据传说有72种，可惜相传至今只有13个调了。

出了摩梭寨，我们现在看到的这座楼是爱伲保健楼，爱伲人是哈尼族的一个支系，在西双版纳分布很广，她们的房子主要居住在半山坡上。在爱伲保健楼上，爱伲小姑娘会用她们祖传的“捏手背法”为旅途劳累的客人消除疲劳。捏手捏背是每个爱伲小姑娘长到十岁以后，请教长辈传授得来的，这也是尊重老人的一种美德。成年以后的爱伲小姑娘的“捏手捏背”也是生产劳动中不可缺少的一项活动，它可以使人解除疲劳，增强体质，活血养颜。我建议未婚的男士一定要娶一位温柔娴慧的爱伲姑娘来做您的新娘。另外，勤劳朴实的爱伲人总是赤脚上山劳动(爱伲习俗)，但他们都拥有健康的体质，为什么呢?原来爱伲人有一种神奇的中草药足疗法，从医学角度分析，足是判断一个人衰老程度的标志，运用西双版纳特有的姜黄、防蜂、穿心莲、金银花等数十种名贵草药足疗可起到活血化淤、消炎止痛、消除疲劳、提高人体免疫力、促进气血通畅，从而延缓衰老的功效。休闲之余，劝您不防上去泡泡脚，感受一下云南中草药其独特的中医疗效。

爱伲人不仅善良、热情而且好客，不管谁家来了客人，进门先要干三碗酒，酒是爱伲人的生命，上至老人，下至儿童，对酒都情有独钟。他们的酒都是自制的玉米酒，香而烈，酒精度相当于白酒的50度。爱伲人的生活习俗是富有诗意的，婚姻习俗又是爱伲人历史文化遗产的一部分，这里的青年男女享有充分的社会自由，实行的是一夫一妻制，并且严禁近亲通婚。“抢亲”和“大嫂当家”是爱伲人婚恋习俗的主要表现形式。这里的“抢亲”不是真抢，只是一种形式和风俗。通过种种形式的接触和交往，彼此情投意合，男方就备彩礼到女方家求婚，女方父母故意提出异国异议，由此引起抢亲，在此事前双方父母经过密谋策划，在约定的时间和路口小伙子带领村寨的男青年一拥而出，挟持姑娘，把姑娘抢走后的第二天再次去女家说亲，女方父母见生米煮成熟饭，不宜再干涉，只得表示同意，正式举行婚礼。“大嫂当家”是氏族大家庭的生产由父亲和大儿子管理，生活由母亲和大儿媳管理.实际上大儿媳在大家庭中负担最重，因为婆婆年纪大了，全家人吃、穿、用全由大儿媳管理，起到了婆婆的作用。爱伲人的家族，实际上是大嫂当家。

在服饰上爱伲人喜欢用自己染织的藏青色土布做衣服。未婚的女孩儿极爱打扮，衣服上经常镶着许许多多圆形和扁形的银饰品，这种服饰一直保持到壮年。进入晚年后衣服和帽子上的圆形和扁形的银饰品逐渐减少，甚至完全去掉，穿一身毫无饰品的黑色衣裙。爱伲人信仰“万物有灵”，主要祭祀活动有祭天、祭山和祭龙。

在这里，我们看到的这个绘着图案的大门，这便是爱伲人的寨门了。她们的寨门也是区分寨子内外的一种标志。大家仔细看会看见两只展翅欲飞的鹰。鹰是爱伲族的象征，牛则是祖先们崇敬的一种动物，一直留传至今，所以在寨门上看见牛就不足为奇了。再看两根立柱上各有一人头图像，男左女右，象征着爱伲的婚姻是一夫一妻制，更代表着家庭合合美美。寨门的名称是根据地形、地貌和环境而定的。

前面我们便看到了由爱伲人让营的爱伲餐厅，餐厅菜的特点聚集了南北方的传统风味，使大家不但能尝到云南地区独特风味的烧烤，还能吃到北方的特色菜。在爱伲餐厅用餐，在您品尝着美味佳肴的同时，还能欣赏到爱伲小姑娘精彩的的歌舞表演。餐厅还有一个展示功能，在爱伲餐厅的墙壁上，挂着爱伲人的生产、生活用具和自织的民族服装，这也是他们民族文化发展的一个象征。来到了爱伲餐厅，您不仅可吃到具有爱伲风味的可口饭菜，还可喝到爱伲小姑娘敬的玉米酒，同时还能了解到爱伲丰富的民族文化，真是一举数得，真诚的欢迎各位朋友在爱伲餐厅用餐。独特风味的饭菜、赏心悦目的表演一定会让您留恋忘返。

继续往上走，便看见了两幢爱伲民居楼，民居的特点是石板、砖木混合结构。在西双版纳的爱伲寨其上层住人，下层则储粮或栓牲畜，每幢居民楼都有两个楼梯，正门走男子和客人，女子走侧门，并且女子不能和客人同餐。

大家在半山腰看到的这尊塑像是葫芦妈祖像，葫芦妈祖是爱伲人的祖先。传说在远古时有一对母女俩种了一颗葫芦，这个葫芦越长越大，十余人都围不过来。有一天发洪水，母女俩从葫芦上挖了个洞躲在了里面，一直到洪水退后才出来，结果发现所有的人都葬生在了这场洪水中。她们知道人类不能就此灭绝，于是向上天祷告，想要老天来帮助她们能繁衍后代。在她们诚意的感召下，天上刮来一阵巨风，身上顿时奇痒难忍，一会儿的功夫，她们身上的汗毛变成许多小孩及飞禽走兽，大家有兴趣的话可以到妈祖像前祭拜妈祖，留影留念。

前面的少数民族村寨是独龙寨。“独龙”一词因独龙江而命名，是该民族的自称。居住区位于缅旬北部和中国云南、西藏以四川交界，总人口近万人，是人口最少的一个少数民族。语言属汉藏语系、藏缅语族。历史上称独龙族为“俅人”。独龙族历史上也没有本民族文字。独龙族习惯选择较高难行的山坡上造屋，由于地势条件限制，发展非常缓慢，原来的男女服饰只披一块麻布遮羞。独龙族信仰世间万物皆有灵魂，所以灵魂观念、鬼的观念、天的观念一直是独龙族原始信仰的核心。灵魂观念的具体表现形式即妇女的纹面，独龙族人认为，人死后其灵魂会变成一种色彩艳丽的蝴蝶，所以就在整个脸盘上纹一只似张开翅膀的蝴蝶。独龙族一年一度的传统节为“卡雀娃”，时间一般在腊月。十二月二十九日为除夕，三十日为岁首。节日期间，要举行射猎大、祭山神，最为隆重的就是传统的剽牛祭天，以求同福，剽牛祭天是典型的原始遗风。剽牛前，妇女把珠链挂在牛角上，为牛披上美丽的独龙毯之后，由主持年祭的家族长把牛拴在广场当中的木桩上。祭司点然松明，念诵祝词，祈求天神为独龙人带来好年景。人们围成圆圈，敲起铜锣，跳起牛锅桩舞。此时，勇敢的猎手持锋利竹矛剽牛，牛被剽倒后，倒卧及牛舌吐出的方向，成为祭司占卜的祈年的重要依据，看过牛舌后，祭司说：“吉”。剽牛的猎手便开始豪迈的饮酒，牛的主人背着割下的牛头，和全村人一起跳牛锅庄舞。凡参加聚会的大人、小孩，每人分一份牛肉，当场烧食、歌舞欢庆、通霄达旦，祈祷来年粮食丰收，人丁发达，六畜兴旺。

在爱伲餐厅的对面是傈僳展厅。傈僳族人口有57.8万。大部分聚居在滇西北怒江傈僳族自治州境内。傈僳族多居高山缓坡地带，村寨之间相距较远，住房以木楞房和木板房为主。傈僳族纯朴善良，素有“路不拾遗，夜不闭户”的美誉。傈僳族历史悠久，从语言系属和地理分布考察，可推断是古代羌族群的后裔。傈僳语属汉藏语系、藏缅语族葬语支。傈僳族过去信仰原始宗教，相信万物有灵，凡丧葬、节庆、疾痛都要请巫师“尼扒”杀牲祭鬼，尊神卜卦。

傈僳族婚姻实行一夫一妻制，婚前恋爱自由，但在过去恋爱往往由父母包办。解放后，傈僳族的婚俗逐步得到了改变，包办婚姻，买卖婚姻逐渐减少。各地的结婚仪式大同小异，结婚那天女方备好酒肉，带上女儿穿的衣服和织麻布用的工具，请亲友将女儿送到男家，伴送的人越多越好。新娘到男方家时，新郎站在门前，由守门司把门推开，支客司即端来两碗酒堵在门口，新娘和新郎必须各碗喝一口，人们送新娘进屋后即算正式成婚，没有拜天地习俗。傈僳族的传统节日有阔时节和赶山节等，“阔时”意为新伴，且为傈僳族一年中最隆重的喜庆节日。每年的农历十二月二十日举行。赶山节是在每年的农历五月初五端午节这天，是傈僳人登高聚会的日子。傈僳族能歌善舞，舞蹈动作主要在脚上，基本步伐有“单脚跳、双脚跳、踏步、蹲步”等，时而激烈，时而悠缓，形成山区民族特有的舞蹈风格。

顺着这条通路往下走，我们又看到了民族园内的又一个餐厅——十八怪餐厅。它是一个具有云南民族风味的餐厅。一听“十八怪”这个名字觉得就很有意思。那“十八怪”都有哪十八怪呢?1、竹桷当烟袋，2、草帽当锅盖，3、这边下雨那边晒，4、四季服装同穿戴，5、火车没有汽车快，6、不通国内通国外，7、老奶上山比猴快，8、鞋子后面多一块，9、脚趾四季露在外，10、鸡蛋拴着卖，11、粘粑叫饵块，12、小和尚谈恋爱，13、花生蚕豆数着卖，14、三个蚊子一盘菜，15、四个竹鼠一麻袋，16、少妇比小姑娘可爱，17、姑娘叫老太，18、背着娃谈恋爱。现在您明白什么是云南十八怪了吧!它不仅仅名字起的怪，里边的特色菜也是一流的。最有名的是云南的过桥米线和汽锅鸡。里边的工作人员也是少数民族演员兼职的。用餐的同时，你可欣赏到傈僳、摩梭演员精心为您准备的一台带有民族特色的表演、以及体验到傈僳、摩梭姑娘独特的敬酒方式。由为介绍的是傈僳族的同心酒，主客两人共捧一大碗酒，互相搂着脖子或肩膀，手拉手，脸贴脸，同时共饮，表示两人同心之意，这就是傈僳人民待客最高的祠节。

现在映入视线的舞台，每天上午、下午、晚上三场表演都将在这里举行，由其是晚上的民族大联欢，各个民族都会拿出“绝活”来登台献艺，再配上先进灯光设备及音响一定让您大饱眼神福。

从民族园后寨门出来，我们顺着公路往下走，会看到一条与青山相绕，游路交错的河流，叫拒马河，也是我们的七大景区之一。下面我们就把七大景区给大家作个简要介绍。

据《涿州志》载，公元前320xx年到公元前320xx年，羯族将领石勒率十万大军从太行山北段攻入河北境内晋朝大将刘琨在这个山河险要之地抗拒入侵兵马，顾此称为拒马河。拒马河起源于涞源县，汇入海河，拒马河流经野三坡70余华里，在每年七、八月份，拒马河的平均水温在20度到22度。拒马河水水质优良。清澈见底，常年不干枯，冬天不结冰，成了人们消夏避署，休闲度假的旅游圣地。

佛洞塔景区：佛洞塔是一座山峰的名字，因山形似塔，峰上有洞，洞中有佛而得名。远在辽金以前，峰顶就有大量的寺庙建筑，后来在战乱中被毁，在佛洞塔山麓，有一被列为河北省“八大怪泉”之一的鱼古洞泉，怪就怪在此泉每年的农历谷雨时节前后都要往外喷一种鱼，这种鱼黑脊白肚皮，鱼香肉美，鱼骨坚硬，最多时可达两千余斤，当地人称它为“石口鱼”，学名“多磷矿颌鱼”，每到捕鱼季节。这里的老乡便会携筐背篓，前去捕捞，热闹非凡，此泉被列为世界奇泉。在距鱼古洞泉300米处，有一天然溶洞，洞中有类似石人石马的钟乳石像和石幔组成，里面分为龙王洞、龙女洞和仙女洞，在那里可以听到许多富有传奇色彩的动人故事。

龙门峡景区：位于野三坡的西北，与涿鹿交界，由大龙门城堡、龙门峡摩崖石刻、蔡树庵长城三部分组成。这三处均被列为河北省重点文物保护单位。龙门峡是古时通往塞外的交通要道，自古就是兵家必争之地，大龙门城堡便成了这一咽喉要道上的重要关隘。明、清曾有许多将土在这里守边，在距离城堡西北一华里的峡谷一侧的石壁上，曾有历代守关将士的20余处石刻，有的描写山河壮美，有的描写地势险要，抒发了将士的爱国之情，最大的一幅高为2.15米，这些石刻运笔自如，笔力遒劲，是难得的书法珍品，许多文人墨客都形象的称龙门峡为“文化长廊。”

金华山景区：有一望无际的林海，而最出名的就要属拉拉湖瀑布了。这种瀑布在景区内随外可见，很是壮观，在该景区内，还有被称为“活化石”的千年银杏，以及古建生辉的清禅寺，寺内壁画栩栩如生，画技和工艺都堪称一绝，据说金华山顶每六十年还会发出闪闪放光的景象。

白草畔景区：白草畔是野三坡的至高峰，主峰海拔1983米，是京西四大高峰之一，这里动植物资源非常丰富，据专家调查，仅脊椎动物多达184种，列为国家重点保护的就有15种。而植物资源就多达92种，713种。白草畔被有关人士称为太行山的“绿色明珠”。

百里峡景区：百里峡全长105华里(52.5公里)。故此称为白里峡。百里峡由3条峡谷组成，分别是蝎子沟，海堂峪，十悬峡，这三条峡谷形如鹿角，迂回曲折。蝎子沟全长12.5公里，因沟内遍布蝎子草而得名。主要景点有“摩耳崖”“铁索崖”等。十悬峡全长22.5公里，是由峡谷内分布着数十个造型各异的悬崖而得名。里面的景点由“抻牛湖”、“灵芝洞”、“不见天”等组成。海棠峪全长17.5公里，是由沟内生长一种海棠花而得名，说起海棠花还留传着海棠女大义救父的故事。著名的景点有：“老虎嘴”、“一线天”、“回首观音”、“天桥”等，是精华中的精华。

三皇山景区：是一处新开发的景区，总面积9.9平方公里，是一处集田园风光，人文古迹于一体的自然风景区。三皇山由天皇、地皇、人皇三皇组成，还有著名的“珍珠庵”据说贵妃沈珍珠曾在这里带发出过家。

现在展现在我们面前这座仿古建筑——“祭坛”是《三国演艺》的一个外景基地。“刘备登基”及大多数祭祀活动场景都是在此拍摄的，祭坛的下面，是一处酒吧娱乐城。对面这位神态安祥的老夫子是祖籍涞水县南朝著名数学家祖冲之，他在当时把圆周率精确到小数点后七位，比欧州整整早了1100多年，而且他在天文、历法、机械制造等方面都有杰出的贡献，深受人们的敬仰。大家再抬头看一下，对面的这座山峰叫如意岭，顾名思义是因为它的形状像一块玉如意，才起的这么好听的名字。

半天来，我带大家游览了整个民族园度假村，我的导游服务即将要结束了，真诚的感谢大家在我工作中给予的帮助和支持，我们的民族园度假村是一个年轻的企业，属集团公司的一个分公司，并且今年秋季我们打算还要在民族园招商、投资多个项目，其中准备兴建一座三星级的酒店，集吃、住、娱乐、会议于一体，总床位达到四百多个。再有是准备与北京的投资商合作开发拒马娱乐广场，准备投入资金一千万元兴建拒马娱乐城，还有准备到明年开春时，扩建民族园达数十个少数民族。

我谨代表野三坡族游集团公司真诚的欢迎有识之士来三坡投资置业、旅游观光，有时间再来野三坡民族园做客。谢谢合作!

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

“仁者爱山，智者爱水。”大自然的山水不仅被仁者、智者所喜爱，还有许许多多的人也喜爱，我就特别喜欢山水，而宝峰湖的山水就给我留下了深刻的印象。

宝峰湖位于风景秀丽的张家界，那里的山水融合在一起，就是 一幅“山中有水，水中有山”的画卷，宝峰湖就是这画卷中最显眼的一处。

走进宝峰湖，首先映入眼帘的是四面环合的山。最高的山中有一条瀑布从中喷泄出来，像一把快剑似的飞泄而下，溅起朵朵白莲般的浪花。再接近瀑布，你会发现，瀑布的水声非常大，震耳欲聋，气势非常强，仿佛锐不可挡、无懈可击。再往下看，那瀑布飞泄下来的水呈反射状流向四周，就像一条条连接在一起的水道。

顺着水道的方向往上走，是一条无尽的路和一条无尽的溪流。在这漫长的路中，只听得到潺潺的流水声和一些游客的说话声，偶尔能听到从山中发出的各种鸟的叫声，荡漾在耳畔，清脆悦耳。这情景就像一幅和谐的画卷，有山，有水，有鸟，有人。

但是这幅画卷很快就被打破了。我们以随着小溪走完了这段漫长的路。接下来，我们踏上了石阶，又走上了另一段崎岖的路。那石阶一上一下，忽左忽右，绕了很久才到达湖水那儿，不过在这路途中，有青山和鸟鸣陪伴着我们，也不觉得孤独了。

再往前走，我们终于见到了宝峰湖的真面目。那里四面青山环合，有一些柳宗元笔下的小石潭的韵味，但它没有小石潭那么凄清、幽邃，它充满了生机与活力。在这一群簇拥的山上，树木葱茏，有花有草，还有各种婉转动听的鸟鸣。在这群青山的中间，是一片碧绿的湖。

湖水真的很绿，很清澈，但无法见到底，因为它深达100米。青山也非常高峻，这也许就是“山有多高，水有多深”吧。它的影子倒映在湖面上，和湖水原有的绿叠在一起，，是湖水显得更绿，就像一块翡翠，也像一块晶莹剔透的绿宝石。

我们乘船游览整个宝峰湖，这才发现这个湖真的是很大，无边无际，无法想像。我独自沉醉在这碧绿的画卷之中，不禁为它赞叹。阳光越来越明媚，那碧绿的湖水中倒映出一座座青山的轮廓，也似乎倒映出许许多多关于宝峰湖的传说。宝峰湖，自古以来就有爱情圣湖的美誉，被称为中国“情之湖”。传说很久以前，在神秘的大湘西有一对恋人深深的相爱了。他们跨越世俗的爱情遭到了“族规”的惩戒，俊朗的阿哥被巫蛊变成了宝峰湖里的一只青蛙，永世不得为人。阿妹得知只需深情一吻便可令阿哥重化为人，但代价是以自己的性命做为交换。阿妹毫不犹豫地来到宝峰湖，阿哥却无论如何不允许阿妹牺牲自己。阿妹等待着阿哥的回心转意，阿哥希望阿妹能早日去寻找自己的幸福……就这样，他们为了彼此，相守千年……

灵渠位于桂林北部57公里处的“中国十大魅力古镇”——兴安县境内，全长37.4公里，建成于秦始皇33年(公元前220xx年)，是现存世界上最完整的古代水利工程，最古老的运河之一，与四川都江堰、陕西郑国渠齐名。当代著名学者郭沫若先生称之为“与长城南北相呼应，同为世界之奇观。”

灵渠由铧嘴、大小天平、南渠、北渠、泄水天平和陡门组成，设计科学，建筑精巧，铧嘴将湘江水三七分流，其中三分水向南流入漓江，七分水向北汇入湘江，沟通了长江、珠江两大水系，成为秦代以来中原与岭南的交通枢纽，为秦始皇统一中国起了重要作用。

灵渠两岸风景优美，文物古迹众多，尤其是水街的亭台楼榭、小桥流水、市井风情都鲜活地再现着千年历史文化，灵渠水街景区现已成为桂林著名的旅游胜地，是大桂林旅游圈中一颗璀璨的明珠。

三仙山指的是古代神话传说中“蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲”三座仙山，景区内的各种宏伟辉煌的“仙宫殿阁”也正是按传说中的仙境所仿建，是个非常适合拍照的地方。景区内有导游会作免费讲解，可以了解不少典故。景区不大，且基本都是人工建筑景观，整个游览下来约需两个多小时。

进入景区最先来到和气大殿，殿中供奉孔子、老子、释迦牟尼像，其中释迦牟尼佛像是用缅甸水白玉精雕而成，孔子像、老子像分别用紫铜镀金彩绘而成，神态庄严。接着参观园中的主体建筑蓬莱仙岛、方壶胜境、瀛洲仙境，均是建造在人工湖之中的巍峨建筑，登上高阁可俯瞰园内全景。

玉佛寺是园内的祈福之地，里面供奉着“镇园之宝”：一尊世界上最大的缅甸水白玉冰种释迦牟尼卧佛像。这尊重达108吨的佛像是由一整块玉精雕而成的，佛身镶嵌24K金，并装饰有三千多颗红、蓝宝石和翡翠，堪称稀世珍宝。寺旁的观音阁内则供奉着一尊9.9米高的十一面玉观音像，上面镶嵌有一万多颗宝石、翡翠、玛瑙，端庄华贵。

园内的珍宝馆则展示着众多珍贵的艺术收藏品：一楼大厅展出有两亿年历史的众多树化玉，二楼可以欣赏历代名人墨宝，三楼陈列着精美的扬州漆器、玉雕、木雕等艺术珍品。另外，园内还建有木雕馆、楠木馆，都珍藏着珍贵的木质工艺品，值得一看。

Contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all . But how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. All in all ,it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.

Looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. Here you are in Heaven.

(Costume-Changing Terrace)

the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or CostumeChanging Terrace. It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .IT has marble Slab balustrades. The day before the service ,officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. After the service, the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)

this structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest. We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ,the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest, though the colonnade of the Gate. A gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls ,the Huanqian (Imperial heaven) Long corridor, Heaven Kitchen, slaughterhouse, etc.

the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ,to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .This unique building ,38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the sky .Underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. The base of the structure is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace. At a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .

Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.

(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

The base of the hall is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ,covering a space of 4,000 square meters. Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix designs. To set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. In southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.

(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)

climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall ,a masterpiece of ancient China. Looking up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. In and out , the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.

Without the use of steel ,cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams, the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and rafters. The four central pillars, called the dragon-Well Pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers, representing the four season. There are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night .Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year. The pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.

The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. Interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.

The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfeng ruled .In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven. On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. Each tablet is fronted by an altar. A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ,including soup, wine, assorted cereals, and a calf.

The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year. Because it was still dark, candles, lanterns and torches were lit. This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ,helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.

By the time the service began,207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. The emperor, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest. With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven. The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .However, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.

(On the Long Corridor)

From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest, we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. Consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouse. Heaven Kitchen, and the main hall ,It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.

Well ,that is all for this tour. Thank you for your attention. I look forward to your next visit. Good luck and bon voyage.

Hello, ladies and gentlemen! Welcome to our beautiful Colorful Yunnan. Itsa great honor to meet you. Im Xiao Pu, our tour guide. Next to me is my littlefriend Xiao Li. We are very honored to be your tour guide. The place we aregoing to today is the ancient city of Lijiang, which is known as "Gusu on theplateau" and "Venice in the East". Perhaps you may think, how could Xiao Puboast so much about Lijiang? In fact, I dont exaggerate at all. The ancientcity of Lijiang is just because the Yuquan water runs through the whole city,which is divided into the West River, the middle river and the East River. Inthe ancient city, it is divided into more tributaries, walking through streetsand alleys, walls and houses. Street layout is free, not neat. The main streetis near the river, the alley is near the canal, and the clear spring flowsthrough the street, the town and the house. The poem "every family flows withwater, and every family hangs with Yang" is a true portrayal of this city, soalthough it is a small town on the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, it has thecharacteristics of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River.

Dayan town

Next, let me tell you about the history of Lijiang. The ancient city ofLijiang is located at the foot of Yulong Snow Mountain. Surrounded by greenmountains, the city is like a big Jasper inkstone. In ancient times, "inkstone"and "Yan" were interlinked. Therefore, the chieftain of Ming Dynasty renamed theancient city "Dayan", which means prosperous culture and outstanding people.

Maybe before Lijiang in the future, everyone has heard that Lijiang ancientcity has one characteristic, that is, it is the only ancient city without citywalls in Chinas famous historical and cultural city. Why is there no citywalls? It is said that the hereditary rulers of Lijiang all have the surname ofmu, so building a city is bound to be like adding a frame with the word"trapped". The chieftain of Mu family did not set up a city wall because oftaboo.

The ancient city was built in the late Southern Song Dynasty with a historyof about 800 years. It has been a political, economic and military town inNorthwest Yunnan and a hub for the economic and cultural exchanges among Naxi,Khan, Tibet and other ethnic groups. Xu Xiake, a famous Chinese traveler in MingDynasty, once wrote that "the beauty of the palace is determined by the king",which is also the important town of the ancient tea horse road in history. Thecity covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers, with a permanent population of30000 and 16900 Naxi people.

Lijiang ancient city was listed as a national historical and cultural cityby the State Council in 1986, and as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in1997. So what should we visit in Lijiang?

1、 Climbing the range rover, you can see the form of the ancient city. Theancient city skillfully used the terrain, with lion mountain in the west,Xiangshan Mountain and Jinhong mountain in the north. It was moved from thenorthwest to the southeast, avoiding the cold wind of snow mountain, leading tothe warm wind in the southeast and occupying the convenient place.

2、 The ancient city makes full use of the spring water. The Yuhe River inthe city is divided into three parts, three parts into nine parts, and thendivided into countless canals, clean and full of aura. [by [finishing]

3、 Walking along the street, you can see the buildings of the ancient city.The buildings in the ancient city are all simple courtyard residents. Thebuildings are simple and crude. The courtyard layout and the internal buildingsare rich and delicate, which constitute a harmonious relationship between manand nature.

4、 If you enter the city and cross the bridge, you can see the layout ofthe whole city. The layout of the ancient city is free and flexible. Stonebridges, wooden bridges, flowers, birds, fish and insects, musical instruments,chess, calligraphy and painting, and folk customs make the ancient cityunique.

Entrance to the ancient city

We have come to the entrance of the ancient city. Some people say its amother and sons water wheel, while others say its a couples water wheel. Howcan we not see the gate? In fact, you cant see it. Its also a wonder ofLijiang ancient city, that is, you cant see the city gate or the city wall,because there is no city wall or the city gate in the ancient city, because thehead of Naxi nationalitys surname is "Mu". If the city wall and the city gateare built, it will become "trapped". So there is no city wall or the city gatein the ancient city. Please see, this is the screen wall of President JiangZemins inscription "the ancient city of Lijiang, a world cultural heritage". Itis dignified and beautiful. "Three squares and one Zhaobi" is the architecturalfeature of Naxi folk houses. To the right is the water column. It reflects theimportance of fire prevention in civil structure buildings of ancient city atthat time, which is also the wisdom of Naxi ancestors. This is a world heritagemonument. The symbol is connected by a circle and a box, indicating the harmonybetween man and nature. Next, lets visit the ancient city!

Layout of ancient city

Ladies and gentlemen, there must be such a question in mind. There are manyancient cities like this in China. Why is this remote ancient city on theplateau chosen? If you want to get the answer, please follow Xiao Li. A lane, afamily, a careless you stand in a hundred years of history, this feeling, on theroad, in various courtyards, you can feel everywhere. Therefore, this ancientcity is not built for filming or mystery. Its a real and living ancient city.If you look at it, you will feel that its much smoother than the road you justwalked. The stone slabs with five flowers seem to have a lot of gravel in them.However, its a kind of lejiaoyan unique to Lijiang. Its collected from thesurrounding mountains. Because of its colorful colors, the local people call itfive flowers Stone, pedestrian horse tread, after hundreds of years, polishedsmooth and transparent, first-class rain, poetic at your feet, this street iscalled Xinhua street. On both sides of the street, you can occasionally seecouplets of different colors pasted on the doors of some peoples houses. SomeNaxi people have died, and they all have to commemorate three years. The firstyear is white couplet with black characters, the second year is green coupletwith black characters, and the third year is couplet pasted. This is thenostalgia of Naxi people for their dead relatives. After some forest likepavements, clear river water, small bridges and weeping willows, it is printedin your eyes, but you dont see it Passing by such a clear river, I can see rowsof tables and chairs and bursts of music coming into my ears. This is what theguests call "Foreigner Street". However, the shops on this street are not run byforeigners. The bars there are bookish, rebellious and pure business. Everyonecan get what they want. The convenient place for people in the city to"recharge" in Lijiang is

The bar looks for feeling, especially for foreigners. There are friends,there are bridges, water, as long as not drunk, life can find a moment ofcarefree. After passing the bar street, you can see a small stone bridge, whichis called pea bridge because it sold peas there earlier. The small gate buildingon the west of the bridge is Kegong square. Kegong square is named in the alleybehind the square. In the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there were twobrothers of the Yang family in the alley, and in the Daoguang period, theiryounger brother was elected again. This is a matter of pride for Lijiang people.In order to praise the Yang family and encourage them, the government praisedthem This is a special place.

Standing there, looking to the East, you can see an open area. This is thecentral Sifang street. Sifang street is the central guangachang of the ancientcity, covering an area of about five mu. There are two main reasons why it iscalled Sifang street. One reason is that the shape of the square is very similarto the square magistrates seal. It is named Sifang street by the chieftain,which means "Quan Zhen Sifang". Some people say that the road there leads toSifang Fang is the distribution center of people and logistics in alldirections, so it is called Sifang street. Why is Sifang street so famous? If wesay that the silk road is another world-famous trade channel in the north ofChina, there is also a trade channel in the south of China known as the "teahorse ancient road". It is a trade channel for the horses, fur, Tibetan medicineand other specialties in the Tibetan area and Lijiang, and tea, silk, jewelryand other commodities in the south. Lijiang ancient city is an important town onthe tea horse ancient road, and Sifang street is the important one Since ancienttimes, Sifang street, the trade center of the town, has been an open-air fairwith a history of 300 years. It is necessary to realize the mystery of Sifangstreet. In the early morning, people who get up early begin to buy breakfast,which is a hazy Sifang street. In the afternoon, traders who buy copper,mountain goods and snacks form a prosperous market. This is the reason Sifangstreet is full of vigor and vitality; its just dark when businessmen go home,and after a time of friction, there are still people and sunshine left. The oldpeople basking in the sun at the bridge head are replaced by children playing,and the bars on both sides show the oily light of night, which is the makeup ofSifang street. At about two oclock in the morning, Sifang street people go toempty streets, and the alleys are deep and unpredictable, only the sound ofrunning water rises and falls, which is the reason Its Lijiang with a plainface. meet

Come down, let my little friend Xiao Li, continue to show you how tobrowse!

Ancient city dwellings

Next, lets go to "Naxi Siheyuan" for a visit! The folk in the ancient cityabsorbed the architectural culture of Han, Bai, Tibetan and other nationalities,but also integrated the national architectural culture and aestheticconsciousness, forming a lot of Naxi style of "three squares and one wall, fourin five patio". The architectural form of the front and rear courtyard, thesetting of the gatehouse and the front building, the patio paving, the six doorand its decorative lights constitute a strong local color and nationalcharacteristics. Speaking of this, lets go in and have a look. The "four infive patios" there are four houses in the southeast and northwest. There is asmall patio between each two neighboring houses, and there are five patios inthe middle. So its called "four in five patios". Four blocks of housing areupstairs and downstairs are imaginative, so it is also called "zouma cornerbuilding".

Friends may ask, which part of Naxi residence has the most Naxicharacteristics? That is Liuhe door and the window core on Liuhe door - "fourseasons Bogu". "Four seasons" is Nash, which means "four seasons". Reflectingthe high expectations of the Naxi people for life, this six door can beinstalled or removed, convenient and flexible. When it is opened, it is thedoor, and when it is closed, it is the window. At ordinary times, only the twoin the middle are opened. When there are red and white events, and there aremany guests, the six doors can be removed. In the composition of the windowcore, the famous flowers and different flowers, auspicious birds and animals,and perfect allusions are used to express the perfect wishes of Naxi people forfour auspicious seasons, happiness of fortune and longevity, and farming andreading.

Mufu

Dear friends, have you ever seen the TV series "Mufu Fengyun"? "MufuFengyun" is shot in Mufu. While enjoying the plot, you must be intoxicated withthe beautiful scenery and local customs of Lijiang. Now lets go to Mufu to havea look!

We visited the ancient city and Sifang street. If Sifang street is thecenter of the ancient city, Mufu is the heart of the ancient city and the "GrandView Garden" of Lijiang ancient city culture. The chieftain of Naxi surnamed Muonce ruled Lijiang for 470 years. After three dynasties of yuan, Ming and Qing,a total of 23 dynasties were continued, and this wooden mansion, known asLijiang Forbidden City, was built. Mus chieftain is loyal to the imperial courtand has been praised by the emperor for many times. This Zhongyi square wasapproved by the Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty. It is called "famous Three PagodaTemple in Dali and famous stone archway in Lijiang".

Please see, there is Mufu. The overall structure of Mufu, from east towest, is the Zhongyi square that we have just seen, followed by the front gate,Zhaobi, conference hall, wanjuan building, Dharma protection hall, guojielou,Guangbi building, Yuyin building and Sanqing hall.

The Mufu we see now was built after the earthquake of magnitude 7 in 1996.This is the assembly hall. The assembly hall is dignified, spacious andmagnificent. It is the place where the chieftains summon their guests. Look,there are three plaques on the door beam of the assembly hall, all of which arewritten with the words "serve the country sincerely". They are the commendationsof the three emperors Hongwu, Yongle and Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. So why didthe imperial court rely so much on the Mu family? This is because the Naxipeople live in the hinterland of Jiangwan in the upper reaches of Jinsha River,with Tubo in the north and Nanzhao Dali in the south. These two local forcesoften became the unstable factors in the southwest frontier of the centraldynasty, so the Naxi nationality played an important role.

This is wanjuan building. Wanjuan building has three floors. Look, thereare no windows on the second floor. You cant see the second floor from thebottom of the building, so there are many precious books in it. To put itsimply, the wanjuan building is a place full of books, with books on the firstfloor, books on the second floor and books on the third floor. Now you can go inand visit yourself. Please abide by the order in the museum. Books can be readbut not touched! Behind the wanjuan tower is the Dharma hall. It is the house ofchieftains to discuss family affairs. In addition to the memorial tablets ofMus ancestors, there are benches, sticks and other tools for corporalpunishment. You can see that it is the place where Master Mu uses family rulesand family laws to discipline his children. It looks like the ancestral hall weusually call.

After passing the Dharma protection hall, we walk through an ancientoverpass. This overpass can be regarded as a creation of the chieftain of Mufamily, which is based on the local conditions and the people. In this way, thegovernment and the people are at peace and do not interfere with each other.Lets go up to the Guangbi building of Mufu. This is a 1:300 model of theancient city, where you can clearly see the whole picture of the ancient cityand Mufu. This is the Yulong bridge, the north entrance of the ancient city.This is the West River, the middle river and the East River. Who lost his way inthe ancient city, then, upstream must be able to walk to the Yulong bridge.These pictures show the rich history and culture and magnificent natural sceneryof Lijiang, please browse.

If you go further, this is the Yuyin building. On the first floor and infront of the building are the places where the chieftains sing, dance and feast.On the second floor are the places where the Fengzhao and Heshu are worshipped.There are copies of white sand murals in the hall. Baisha mural is a nationalkey cultural relic. It integrates Han Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Taoism intoone picture, and makes three religions live in one room. This practice ofintegrating the three religions is rare in other places. In Lijiang, because theNaxi represented by Mus chieftain is an open nation, they are culturallyinclusive.

After yuyinlou, we come to the final building on the axis of Mufu, Sanqinghall. From there, we can have a birds-eye view of the ancient city and Mufu,and we can see the ancient city described by Xu Xiake as "Julu pianji, lingeringin the slope and valley", and Mufus "beauty of palace is like the king".

Mufu is a splendid garden of architectural art, which fully reflects theelegant demeanor of the Central Plains architecture in the Ming Dynasty, whileretaining the simplicity and ruggedness of the Central Plains architecture inthe Tang and Song dynasties.

When you visit Lijiang ancient city, you should not miss Naxi ancientmusic. Naxi ancient music, which is called "lost music in all parts of China",consists of two parts: Baisha Xiyue and Lijiang Dongjing music. After hundredsof years of development and changes, Naxi ancient music has formed a uniquestyle of integration of Han and Naxi Music, which has a strong national and folkcolor. Living in Lijiang ancient city, the most perfect arrangement at night isto listen to Naxi ancient music.

OK, when you get there, youll have a good view of the ancient city. Ourjourney is coming to an end. During this happy time, we visited Lijiang ancientcity, which is famous both at home and abroad and has the reputation of "Veniceof China" and "Gusu of Plateau". Thank you for your understanding, support andcooperation with Xiao Pu and me along the way. We are deeply impressed by yourenthusiasm. At the same time, we hope that our service can leave you someperfect memories. Finally, I send my best wishes to you, and I sincerely hope wecan meet again. Thank you!

克孜勒苏介绍导游词

克孜勒苏位于新疆维吾尔自治区西南部，素有“无花果之乡”的美称，地处天山南麓，塔里木盆地的西缘。东邻阿合奇、柯坪两县、南接巴楚伽师、疏付三县，西止乌恰县，北与吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国为界。边境线长128公里。东西宽，南北狭窄，地势北高南低。最高海拔4562.3米，最低海拔1260.1米。北部为山区，南部为平原和谷地。市境地处中纬度欧亚大陆腹地，属暖温带大陆性干旱气候。其主要气候特征是四季分明，日照充足，干旱少雨，无霜期长，气温日振幅大。

阿图什市历史悠久，源远流长，是克孜勒苏·柯尔克孜自治州首府所在地。公元前60年（汉宣帝神爵三年）阿图什市境正式列入汉朝版图。曾是西域三十六国之一的蔬勒国的国都。二千多年来，市境的属辖历经变更，但始终是中国神圣领土不可分割的一部分。1938年，新疆省政府批准设立阿图什设治局，辖4镇6乡。1943年1月正式设置阿图什县，隶属新疆第二行政区。1949年9月阿图什县和平解放。1950年3月建立县人民政府。1954年7月克孜勒苏·柯尔克孜自治州成立后，划归其管理，并成为州府所在地。 1986年6月，国务院批准撤销阿图什县设立阿图什市。

阿图什市境内资源丰富。矿产资源和野生动植物资源较为丰富。水资源主要用于农业灌溉，博古孜河和恰克马克河是两大主要水系。金属矿有：铁、钛、钒、铜、金、铅、锌等十多种，非金属矿有湖盐、煤、磷、石灰石、大理石、云母、水晶石、石膏、莹石等。野生动物既有飞禽走兽，也有水中游鱼，种类繁多，分布广阔共有60余种，目前列入国家重点保护范围的有棕熊、仙鹤、猞猁、雪豹、长尾雉、天鹅、青羊、盘羊、狼獾、扫雪等。野生药用植物有党参、掌参、车前、青兰、独活、甘草、麻黄、野红花、黄连等。

阿图什市是一块尚待开发的宝地，历史和现实为今后的发展积累了宝贵而丰富的经验。市委和市人民政府依据阿图什市实际，制定出了“1995—20xx”年阿图什社会和经济发展远景规划，为全市各族人民绘出了蓝图，提出“以农业为本，发展园艺，种草养畜，矿业先行，启动工业，商贸兴市”的经济发展战略。阿图什市各族人民必将使这颗帕米尔高原的明珠焕发出更加璀璨的光彩，创造出一个光辉灿烂的明天。

各位朋友：大家好，我是张家界康泰国际旅行社的导游，为大家讲解张家界旅游、凤凰古城、长沙、韶山等地的景点及民俗风情; 袁家界位于张家界森林公园北部，是镶嵌在武陵源核心景区的一颗明珠。袁家界名称相传来源于后唐时期，黄巢起义失败后，朝庭为彻底肃清乱党，四处张榜，捉拿反贼。当时黄巢手下有一名将士，姓袁，为躲避追捕，便来到了这远离人世的深山野岭——青岩山隐居，他在这里结庐为舍，垦荒种粮，并以自己的姓氏为这里命名，起名“袁家界”。 袁家界面积约1200公顷，平均海拔1074米，它东邻金鞭溪、远眺鹞子寨;南望黄石寨，连接天波府;西通天子山;北距索溪峪。从山下往袁家界有两条通道，一是走“金鞭溪”中段上“乱窜坡”到“后花园”;另一条则是乘“世界第一梯”——百龙天梯至下坪，乘电梯上山只需3分钟时间，既轻松又安全，不仅这壮观的电梯工程奇观令人惊叹，更令人叫绝是当电梯驰出竖井的那一瞬间，一幅神奇的画卷直入眼帘，那列队森严，高大威猛的“天兵聚会”，就像是一支整齐、雄壮的仪仗队，正等待着您的“检阅”呢;电梯到达山顶，走出站房，举目远望，一幅清新自然的田园山水画凌空突出，如海市蜃楼般悄然而至，这便是大家向往已久的“空中田园”。 袁家界风景以雄、奇、险、峻著称，在十多华里的环山游道上，沿途景色美不胜数。山上居住着一个村庄，几十家土家族人世世代代居住在这青山绿水之间，他们勤劳善良，与世无争。在居户外面的墙壁上，挂满了一串串火红的辣椒，一串串红薯、土豆;屋内的火炕上，琳琅满目的挂满了腊肉、腊鱼、腊肠、腊豆腐等等。如有幸在他们家里做客，您将会享受一种从未有过的一种尊贵和殊荣，那令人唾涎欲滴的十大碗，那透着诱人醇香的土家米酒，会使您梦回故里，永世不忘! 从百龙电梯乘环保车前往“后花园”约需十分钟车程，沿途峰峦连绵，绿树成荫，中途会经过一片尚未开发的景区，山的名字叫“松子岗”。这里只有本地农民和少量的写生者曾涉足此地，但究其景观并不比其他景点逊色，整个“松子岗”灌木葱茏，山蕨遍野，沿一条幽径小路到达后山一山凹处，眼前豁然开朗：只见千峰嶂叠，万石窜空，婉如仙境，即似是而非;细观眼前，一石婷婷玉立，丹眼、娥眉、巧鼻、小嘴、盘发，秀丽的脸蛋，清晰的面容，这不是大家心目中的“梦中情人”吗?当地人都称她为“美女峰”。左边的石崖下，常年放置着几只筒状蜂箱，因为这里没有任何污染，蜜蜂采摘的都是原始花粉，天然水分，这种蜂蜜营养丰富，含钙极高，其中又有大量对人体有利的微量元素，对美容养颜，延年益寿，增长智力都具有极好的作用，特别是还具有防癌和治癌的功效，品一口这特殊的蜂蜜，会使您沁甜入脾，回味无穷。 下车后小走几步，便是上山游道，再沿着左边的台阶下行50米，便可见一椭圆的石门，请大家屏住呼吸，不要出声：请看在门前的左上角，有一石突出，像一只凶猛的动物，但此时却特别安静，你看它四肢伏地，抿嘴翘鼻，闭目养神，感觉中似乎伴有轻轻的“鼾”声。大家没有想到吧，它可就是镇守后花园的雄狮啊?大家千万别吵醒它。透过石门往里看，这里真是别有洞天啊，您看那生意盎然的“盆景”，那似是而非的“假山”;那栉次枇邻的“屏风”、“壁画”、“雕刻”;那形状逼真的石桌、石椅;还有那川流不断的“小桥流水”这是谁的“大宅院”呢?不是，这是大自然的鬼斧神工造就了如此精美秀丽的“后花园”。进“后花园”往右走，在一石崖下有一条栈道，要猫着腰、低着头，方能过去，站在中间向对面大叫一声：“我爱你——”，将会有经久不息的回声从中传出，爱——你——,爱——你——,爱——你这种释放会使您有一种从未有过的轻松和快感。 在“后花园”的对面，是一座巍峨的山峦，山上古木参天，遮天蔽日。森林中常有野山羊出没，夜深人静之际，常能听到野羊羔“咩洋”地叫声，因此被称作“羊寨”。民国时期，此地曾为土匪占领，直到现地，山上还残留有卡门、暗堡、断壕、屋场、水井、碓臼、磨坊等残迹。粗大的松树上还留有土匪当年留下的“V”字型标志。站在“山寨”上，举目眺望，可看见金鞭溪

全景，只见一条美丽的溪水从数百座石林中缓缓穿过，显得是那样的幽静、和谐。从“后花园”向前步行约100米，便是袁家界又一处绝世奇观——迷魂台，走上迷魂台，只见上百座山峦拔地而起，峰涌而至，它们姿态万千、气势非凡;有的似“天狗望月”，有的像“海螺出水”;有的像“将军列队”，有的如“一柱擎天”。几道山坳和屏障将这些山峦有序的分开，使这些石峰更显得层次分明，井然有序，在万道霞光的点缀下，显得蔚为壮观，不同凡响。这更像是一幅画家笔下的水墨丹青，“迷魂台”揽胜，真宛如仙境神游啊。

大家好，我是“心随快乐”旅行社的导游，我叫杨宸旭，大家可以叫我小杨。今天将由我来带领大家游览神奇而美丽的丽江古城，希望带给大家一个愉快舒心的旅程。

现在在车上，我先给大家简单的介绍一下我们今天的游览景区——丽江古城，丽江古城，是云南自治县的中心，是纳西族的故乡。古城位于县境中部，海拔约2400余米，是一座历史悠久，文化灿烂的名城。到古城里后，我们会感到一种古典的没，一种远离城市喧嚣的宁静，一种惬意的感觉会由心而生。

现在，我们已经来到了我们的目的地——丽江古城。大家可以瞧瞧脚下走的路，你会发现，古城的路都是由青石板铺成的，很是别具一格。此时，我们走的是丽江古城中最古老的一条路。它不知经历了多少风风雨雨，路面已被磨光如镜了。从中，充分体现了丽江古城的悠久历史和古老的躯体。

这里的路边会有很多身着民族服装的人们在叫卖，买的都是当地各种各样的土特产。大家可以在周边买东西。但是，要注意，不可以随地乱扔垃圾，古城的美，需要我们每一个人来保护。

大雁塔高64.7米，呈方锥形。塔底层边长25米，每层四面各有一个砖券拱门。整座塔造型简洁，气势雄伟，是我国佛教建筑艺术的杰作。唐末以后，寺院屡遭兵火，殿宇焚毁，只有大雁塔巍然独存。塔内有楼梯，可以盘旋而上。站在塔上凭栏远眺，长安风貌尽收眼底。等一会儿，有兴趣的朋友可以登塔游览。

{走近大雁塔，西侧门楣上雕刻有唐代建筑图案和佛像等线刻画，传为唐代大画家阎立本的手笔。塔南门两侧的砖龛内，嵌有李世民、李治分别撰写的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》和《述三藏圣教序记碑》，称颂玄奘法师献身佛教事业的伟大精神，由唐初四大书法家之一的褚遂良所书，是价值极高的艺术珍品。}

“雁塔题名”也是大雁塔独有的一道风景。自唐中宗神虎年间，进士张莒登塔题名，后文人们竞相效仿，相沿成习。唐代士子考取进士后，都要登上雁塔赋诗并将姓名、籍贯、及第时间用墨笔题留于雁塔墙壁之上。日后升为卿相的还要用朱笔改写。“雁塔题名”被视为人生一大荣耀之事。白居易在考中进士、登上雁塔时就作诗说：“慈恩塔下题名处，十七人中最少年。”反映了他少年得志的喜悦心情。

游客朋友，绕过大雁塔向北，我们前往玄奘三藏院门。大门前修了一座长20多米，高2米多的汉白玉照壁，照壁南面是集褚遂良字刻的“法门领袖”四个字，北面是赵朴初题写的“民族脊梁”四个字。玄奘三藏院是一组仿唐风格的建筑群，由中院大遍觉堂、东院般若堂、西院桃明堂三部分组成，其中大遍觉堂供奉的玄奘法师的顶骨舍利是本寺的镇馆之宝。玄奘的其它灵骨舍利已广布世界各地，象征和传播着玄奘精神将与日月同辉，与天地同在。

好了，各位朋友。大慈恩寺和大雁塔的参观就到这里，现在我们一起去看一看大雁塔北广场吧。大雁塔北广场位于著名的大雁塔脚下，东西宽480米，南北长350米，占地252亩，由近2万平方米的音乐喷泉广场和文化广场、园林景观、文化长廊、旅游商贸等设施组成。

这里的音乐喷泉是亚洲最大的喷泉广场，每天中午12：30都会准时开放，到时大家可以前来观赏。广场南北高差9米，分成9级，每个踏步为5级，意蕴“九五之尊”。由北向南逐步拾级，形成对大雁塔的膜拜，将古都风韵与现代风采的完美结合。20__年12月31日建成开放，它是全中国唯一的一座唐文化广场，目前已成为西安的“城市会客厅”和“城市名片”。大家如果喜欢这里，就可以经常来我们西安的客厅里来坐一坐。

大雁塔景区的讲解到这里就结束了.下午我们将去参观大唐芙蓉园和曲江海洋馆等景点.大唐芙蓉园是在唐代芙蓉园遗址上修建的，完全仿照了唐代皇家园林的建筑形式，于20__年建成并对游人开放，占地面积1000亩，总投资13亿元人民币。内有紫云楼、凤鸣九天歌剧院、陆羽茶社、仕女馆等等许多的仿唐建筑群，拥有全球最大的水幕电影，是我国第一个全方位展示大唐文化与风貌的主题公园，被誉为“盛唐主题天下第一园”。

尊敬的各位嘉宾，现在我们要游览的是中国第一爱情名园林-----沈园。

沈园是江南著名的私家园林，因为南宋伟大的爱国诗人陆游和他的结发妻子唐婉之间一段凄婉的爱情故事而名闻天下。沈园之所以叫沈园，是因为园的主人姓沈，当然一千多年后的今天我们已经不知道他名什么了，只知道他是当时绍兴的一位富商。买下了这个在战地面积达70多亩、景致怡人的园林，所以人们将这个园林称为“沈氏园”也就是沈园。

大家都知道，南方的气候比较的潮湿多雨，而古建筑又大多以木结构为主，所以在绍兴古建筑所保存的时间也比较短，宋代沈园的建筑早已经不复存在了。1963年沈园被列为浙江省重点文物保护单位。1985年，在浙江省考古所的主持下，绍兴的文物部门对沈园的遗址进行了考古探测，出了不少的六朝、唐、宋、明、清时期的遗物和遗迹，查实了原先沈园的布局和范围。我们结合沈氏后人所提供的清代沈园平面图，精心设计了修复方案。经过1987和1994年的两次扩建，沈园由原来残存的4.6亩扩展到了18.5亩，并恢复了宋代园林建筑。20xx年启动了沈园的三期扩建程，使沈园的面积扩展到了57亩。

沈园距今有800多年的历史了?为什么沈园历经820xx年而不衰呢?下面请各位嘉宾带着这个问题，跟我一起参观这个越中的仿宋园林，整个景区由三大部分组成：沈园古迹区、东苑、南苑。

在"古迹区"有个园子，叫“诗境园”，是为了纪念诗人陆游所建，其中在这个园子里有一块形状奇怪的太湖石，取名为“诗境石”。上面的“诗境”两字便取自陆游的手迹。诗境-----从这一刻开始，我们就步入了诗情画意之中。

在另一边,有一座仿宋建筑，形状古朴，取名“问梅槛”，这三个字是由绍兴书法协会会长沈定庵老先生所写的。“问”是询问探求的意思;“梅”是指陆游生平最喜爱的梅花，而我们沈园内种植最多的植物也是梅花，冬天的沈园梅香满园，尤其是到了下雪天更是沈园最美丽的时候。据说，陆游是中国历史上留下诗文最多的作家之一，至今保存下来的有9300多首。其中描写梅花的就有20xx年重游沈园时，触景生情，在沈园《二绝》中有这样一句“伤心桥下春波绿，曾是惊鸿照影来”。 走过伤心桥我们现在来到的是六朝井亭，亭中的这口井是在1985年考古发掘时所发现的，井身是用绳纹平砖错缝砌成的，从井内出土的汉至六朝的陶瓷器残片可以确定它属于六朝的遗物。这六朝分别为：三国的吴、东晋、南朝的宋、齐、梁、陈，所以这个亭称为“六朝井亭”。但是由于取土困难，为防止井身坍塌，整个发掘深度仅只有1米。缌的游客可能会发现这个亭子的顶有一个六角形的缺口，这个缺口一共有三个作用，有哪三个作用，大家不防猜一下：这第一个作用就是方便取水，因为在古代的时候，人产提水都用竹竿，大家都知道竹竿比较的长，所以开了一个孔后竹不可以从上面伸出去而方便取水;第二个作用是利用太阳光的紫外线可以杀菌而防止水的腐朽;第三是赏朋和集水，在每朋的农历十五晚上，到沈园散散步，看看月亮，会让你的心情更加舒畅。

沈园的建筑布局是以“孤鹤轩”为中心，这三个字是由著名画家谢稚柳和金右学家康殷所分别题写的。为什么取名为孤鹤轩呢?大家都知道陆游是南宋时期伟大的爱国诗人，字务观，号放翁。越州山阴(浙江绍兴)人，出身于“书香门弟”，出生后不久，北宋便灭亡了，由于金兵南侵，使他从小经历了一段逃难生涯。陆游12岁的时候就能诗文，国家垂危的现实，使他20岁就立下了“上马击狂胡，下马草军书”的壮志。22岁那年，到临安参加乡士考试，因为当时名列奸臣秦桧的孙子之前，又因为他不忘记国耻，主张北征，收复失地，受到了秦桧的忌恨，竟在复试时把陆游的名字给除掉了，直到秦桧死后，他才被录用。但因为他力主抗战，多次受到投降派的排挤打击，命运坎坷不平，几次罢职回快乡。由于在朝庭里没有志同道合的朋友，被一些人排次，在晚年过着闭支野般的生活，并在82岁时写有《城南》诗一首，在诗中，诗人以”孤鹤“自喻，所以，我们就把这处建筑取名为”孤鹤轩“，以纪念这位伟大的爱国诗人。在轩中还有一幅对联”宫墙柳一片柔情付与东风飞白絮，六曲栏几多倚思频抛细雨送黄昏“。由上海诗人萧挺(原华东师范大学副校长、党委副书记)撰文，著名金石学家钱君陶手书。其中的“宫墙柳”和“雨送黄昏”分别取自陆游和唐婉的《钗头凤》的一句词。下面的这块石头也是一块太湖石，1985年考古发掘得，经考证是明朝的遗物。

位于台北市士林外双溪，原为“中山博物院”，于1965年孙中山诞辰纪念日落成。整座建筑仿北京故宫样式设计的宫殿式建筑。外观壮严宏伟，是中国收藏文物艺术精华所在。

博物院建筑分为四层，正院的平面图采梅花形，分成五个大厅。第一层分别是讲演厅、办公室、图书馆;第二层是展览室、大厅及画廊，用来展示书画。四周共有八间展览室，陈列铜器、瓷器、侯家庄基园模型及墓中出土物;第三层则陈列书画及玉器、法器、雕刻及图书、文献、碑帖及织绣等;第四层则为各种专题研究室。

故宫博物院收藏之富举世公认，典藏品数量近70万件。由于不断接受捐赠与购藏，，藏品每年都在不断增多，其中以陶瓷、书画、青铜器最为完整。此外，尚有玉器、漆器、多宝格珐琅器、文具、雕刻、织绣、缮本图书及满蒙档案文献，品类众多且精致。三楼的翠玉白菜、肉形石和二楼的瓷器最受游客瞩目。来中国台湾旅游的游客，大多都会到此一游。

各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。现在，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即“后寝”。