登岳阳楼（通用20篇）

改进建议：1、走出去、请进来，多学习别人的优点。

2、努力钻研教材、用好教材，掌握先进的教育、教学理论。

3、多反思自己，在反思中进步、在反思中感悟、在反思中成长、在反思中提升。

从技能和策略的运用上评价：

优点：注重了对学生的各种技能的培养和提高。比如：朗读技能的培养(放朗读带、进行指导);自主学习、合作学习的技能的培养;(问题由学生找、问题由学生解决、教师归纳)让学生收集有关背景资料、与课文有关的资料;(学生收集、教师补充)引导学生重点品味语言的能力;(学生讨论、教师总结)增强了对语言的感悟能力;比较阅读的能力等。这篇课文教学策略的运用也比较恰当合理。以诵读和探究式、自主讨论式为主，当然，我还会根据课堂的变化随时做出合理的调整，还充分利用现代教育技术手段，或打印、或投影、或放朗读带、或用多媒体中音频、视频、图片，在增加学生积累的同时，也教会学生积累的方法，从而提高学生阅读文言文的能力。发挥教师组织者、引导者的作用，放飞学生的思维，让它发挥最大的才能与创造力，为学生创设了良好的学习情境、以及和谐、融洽的课堂气氛。

在上课时，我首先让学生进行质疑，我们班一向走神的疗国欣站起来就问：“柳暗花明又一村”是什么意思?我让学生分解字来解释，“柳暗”柳是指什么?学生回答：“柳树”，“暗”呢?“就是柳树很多，很荫深。”“花明”，学生对这个没有能理解，我引导说春天的鲜花开得怎样，“鲜花一丛丛，颜色很鲜艳”。谁能把这句话连起来说?梁乐儒拿起书：“这句诗是说陆游骑着驴走在山间，山一座又一座，水一条又一条，陆游怀疑前面没有路了，忽然他发现柳树荫深，鲜花鲜艳，不远处看到了一个村庄。”

我一听，骑驴，就知道他是从看插图知道的，我立即传递给学生另一种学习诗歌的办法，看插图。借助机会，我顺势让学生找找，“这句诗中写了哪些景?”学生异口同声地回答：“山、水、柳树、花。”我指着诗句轻声地问：“只写了景物吗?有写心情的吗?”学生受到了挑战，悄悄地诵读了诗句，“有，疑字，诗人看到重重山，怀疑没有路了。”我激动地说：“好，读得真认真，再看看，还有吗?”另一个学生说：“老师还有，又字，我体会到了陆游当时看到村庄他很高兴。”“能把高兴换一个词吗?”“惊奇”接近了，又高兴又惊奇，可以说“惊喜”，在我的引导下，学生体会到了诗人心情的转变过程，我告诉学生这种写法就是“情景交融”。学生听得特别的认真。

平时问题最多的蒙哲平站起来问：“张老师，这句话说诗人去山西村的路上，为什么放在后面写?是不是弄错了。”这下引起了我的注意，我故意说;“是啊，是诗人弄错了吧?同意吗?”学生若有所思地进入了思考，有个同学说：“我不同意，诗人没有写错，他是把他在路上遇到的事情回忆说给山西村的村民听。”说得对啊，其实这是一种倒叙的写法，这样更加的突出了最后两句，我这样一说学生，就联系到上个学期学习的《燕子专列》也是采用了这种写法。

现在耸立在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。楼顶悬挂的“岳阳楼”三字横匾，是1961年毛泽东主席提议，请离沫若先生题写的。岳阳楼高21.35米，为四柱，三层，飞檐，盔顶，纯木结构。中间的本根楠木大柱从地到顶承载大部分重力，再用12根“金柱”作为内围，支撑二楼，外围绕以20根檐柱，彼此牵制成为整体，飞檐与屋顶用伞形架传载荷重。三楼用如意斗拱层叠相衬，拱托楼顶。全楼没用一块砖石，全都用木料构成门缝对榫，结构严整，工艺精巧，造型庄重。飞檐和楼顶，都是盖的黄色琉璃筒瓦。各层檐面都有四条脊，第一层脊上饰以荷花、莲蓬，翘首为凤凰;第二层为昂首的龙头;第三层饰以卷草，翘首为回纹形如意祥云。整个楼阁重檐鳌突，藻井锁窗，雕梁画栋，丹柱彩楹，金碧辉煌，庄严壮丽。特别是三楼楼顶，很像古代将军的头盔，被称为盔顶，这在这国古代建筑中是相当罕见的。整个岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学、工艺学方面都有惊人的成就，因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。

大家不禁要问，既然是天下名楼，为什么只建了三层呢?据说当时修建者是取天时、地利、人和之意。岳阳楼的前身是三国东吴大将鲁肃的阅军楼。在一千七百多年前的东汉建安二十年，东吴的孙权为了和刘务争夺荆州，派鲁肃率领万名将士，驻守战略要地巴丘，也就是今天的岳阳。鲁肃在洞庭湖操练水军，并在城西依山傍水的地方，修筑坚固的城池，建造了指挥和检阅水军的阅军楼，这就是岳阳楼的前身。唐朝时阅军楼扩建，它基本原有了建筑艺术和历史风貌。好，现在请大家随我进岳楼内参观。

各位游客，这里首先映入我们眼帘的便是在神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，它由12块紫檀木组成。前面我们说到，岳阳楼这一名称是在唐朝时才启用的。这时期，李白、杜甫、刘禹锡、李商隐等才华横溢的风流名士，或是落拓不羁的迁客骚人相继接踵而来。他们登楼远眺，泛舟洞庭，奋笔书怀。

但是，岳阳楼真正名扬天下，还是在北宋滕子京重修，范仲淹做《岳阳楼记》以后。庆历四年，遭人诬告的滕子京被贬为岳州知府，他上任后便筹办三件大事：一是在岳阳楼湖下修筑偃虹堤，以便防御洞庭湖的波涛;二是兴办郡学，造就人才;三是重修岳阳楼。重修后的岳阳楼规模宏大壮观。滕子京是个文武兼备的人，他认为“楼观非不文字称记者不为久”。这样一座楼阁，必需要有一篇名记记述，才能流芳千古。于是，他想到与自己同中进士的好友范仲淹。便写了一封《求记书》，介绍岳阳楼修葺后的结构和气势，倾吐了请求范仲淹作记的迫切心情，并请人画了一幅《洞庭秋晚图》，抄录了历代名士吟咏岳阳楼的诗词歌赋，派人日夜兼程，送往范仲淹当时被贬的住河南邓州。范仲淹是北宋著名政治家、文学家、军事家，他和滕子京一样，因为主张革新政治，受到排斥和攻击，被贬到邓州。他接到滕子京的信件后，反复阅读，精心构思，终于写出了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》。这篇文章全文虽然仅有368个字，但是内容博大，哲理精深，气势磅礴，语言铿锵，其中“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”成为传世名句。其实，《岳阳楼记》之所以能历代传颂，主要是由于它把一个重大的思想命题，极其巧妙而生动简洁地融入对优美景物的描写之中。它启迪人们：“不以物喜，不以已悲”，昭示了“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这一崇高的人生哲理。作者那高尚的情操和宽阔的胸怀，不能不令人扼腕浩叹。先忧后乐，掷地有声，它激励着一代又一代的人想人生，思荣辱，知使命。作为一种中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的积淀，《岳阳楼记》以其至高至上的思想内容和艺术魅力，流传千古而不朽，滋养着人们的心灵。从那以后，岳阳楼的名声大震，传扬中外，这就是人们所说的“文以楼存，楼以文名”。据说滕子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后，喜出望外，当即就请大书法家苏舜钦书写，并请著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是，楼、记、书法、雕刻全称“四绝”。可惜我们现在看到的并不是“四绝匾”。它早宋神宗年间便已经毁于大火之中。我们所见到的这幅雕屏是清代乾隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。

现在，让我们再注意一下一楼厅内的四根楠木大柱。这四根大柱自楼底直贯楼顶，支撑着整座楼的全部重量，再以12根柱代内圈，支撑二楼，周围绕以20根木柱，彼此牵制闩缝对榫，结为整体。整个岳阳楼为纯木结构，找不到一颗铁钉。各位还可以看到，在楼的四壁，悬挂着许多木刻匾对，这些都是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。挂在楼堂正中的这副楹联，是清代大书法家何绍基写的，是岳阳楼最长的一副。这副对联是：

一楼何奇?杜少陵五言绝唱，范希文两字关情，滕子京百废俱兴，吕纯阳三过必醉。诗耶?儒耶?吏耶?仙耶?前不古人，使我怆然涕下。

请君试看：洞庭湖南极潇汀，扬子江北通巫峡，巴陵山西来爽气，岳州城东道岩疆。潴者，流者，峙者，镇者。此中有真意，问谁领会得来。

上联以“一楼何奇”起首，列兴了诗圣、名儒、贤吏、酒仙在岳阳楼所留下的诗文政绩和传统，抒发了作者吊古伤今的感慨;下联介绍了巴陵的名山、大川、雄关、险邑。如果您记下了这了这副对联，那么您对岳阳楼便有了大致的了解。

(在岳阳楼二楼)

一来到二楼，大家马上就发现在二楼也悬挂了一副《岳阳楼记》雕屏。这是为什么呢?这里面淬着一个真实的故事。清道光年间，岳阳来了个姓吴的知县，他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手，花了十七个月时间精心临摹，秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后，吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机，偷梁换柱，携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹，在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久，风雨大作，船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段，雕屏也随波逐流，因是紫檀木制成，全部沉入了水中。后来，湖水干浅，《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时，不慎将第八块屏上的“歌互”二字和第十块上的“乐”字损坏。当地文士吴敏树闻讯后，用120纹银从渔民手中将雕屏买回，花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹，才补上被损坏的三个字。各位现在可以看到，雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹。又过将近120xx年，岳阳楼再度整修时，地方官员用120块大洋从吴氏后代后中将屏赎回，挂在岳阳楼二楼，这才“完壁归赵”。至于一楼那副，虽是赝品，也有120xx年历史了，当然是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假，正像一张功罪表，昭示后代子孙，值得我们深思。

(上三楼)

现在我们登上了岳阳楼的三楼，楼堂正中悬挂着毛泽东主席手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》诗的木刻雕屏，杜诗为：“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一定，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。”其书法笔意奔放，布局严谨，雄健挺拔，形神兼备，笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。这是1964年秋天，毛主席从长沙乘火车返回北京途经岳阳时，在列车上即兴而书的。在雕屏两侧，挂有岳阳楼最短的一副对联，仅仅八个字。上联为“水天一色”，下联是“风月无边”。落款为“长庚李白”。当我们站在三娄凭窗远眺时，看到的洞庭湖水天相接，浑然一色;清风朗月，无边无际，山色湖光荟萃于楼时，得到的感觉正是“水天一色，风月无边”吗?最后，请各位再抬头看楼顶。楼顶彩富有民族地方特色的如意斗拱层叠相衬，荷重承力，拱托楼顶，用伞形架传载负荷，和盔顶结构一样，这在我们现存的古建筑中也是罕见的。

为了深化名楼内涵，丰富景区内容，岳阳楼正在加快景区建设，并已作出规划。岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里，欢迎下次再到岳阳来。祝各位旅途愉快，一路顺风!

《秋天的图画》是二年级上册第一组教材的第一篇课文，作者运用比拟的手法，表现秋天丰收的美好景象，表达了作者对秋天的喜爱与赞美。

在本课教学中，我从学生的兴趣入手，尊重学生是学习的主体这一原则每个环节都注意激发学生学习兴趣。

1、 多种形式认识字，培养识字能力

本课要认识8个字，会写8个生字，在教学过程中，先引导学生自主识字，分析字形，利用学过的识字方法，加一加，减一减，形声字，顺口溜这些方式识记，这些方法趣味性强，调动了学生的识字兴趣。

2、 注重朗读能力的培养

“阅读是一种个性化行为”，在指导学生朗读时，教师可依据语言文字，引导学生展开想象，领悟其中的感情。在本课教学中，我抓住“梨树挂起金黄的灯笼，苹果露出红红的脸颊，稻海翻起金色的波浪，高粱举起燃烧的火把”这个句子引导学生体会感悟秋天的美。首先我让学生自由读，然后闭眼想象：你好象看到了什么?听到了什么?闻到了什么?然后把自己的感受通过朗读表现出来呢。

但是，在朗读感悟过程中，课堂气氛不够活跃，我让学生喜欢哪句读哪句，并想想为什么喜欢。大部分学生都喜欢“梨树挂起金黄的灯笼，苹果露出红红的脸颊，稻海翻起金色的波浪，高粱举起燃烧的火把。”至于为什么喜欢，孩子们却说不出来，这是我没有预料到的。接下来就要靠教师的引导了，可是我只是抓住了描写颜色的词语，让学生去感受秋天的色彩，没能通过多媒体辅助教学。那么在我这节课当中，就可以这样设计：先让学生自由读，然后想象：你好象看到了什么?听到了什么?闻到了什么?学生的脑海中闪现出一幅幅形象的画面，然后根据学生的回答，在恰当的时候运用多媒体出示一些与文章内容相关的图片，这样学生就能感受到丰收的喜悦。通过梨与灯笼，苹果与脸颊，稻子与大海，高粱与火把的对比感受秋天的美丽，体会语言文字的生动形象，让学生在不知不觉中领悟语言文字的美。接下来再让孩子们读，孩子们一定能读出自己的感受了。当孩子们理解了这美丽的丰收的热闹情景时，以“谁使秋天这样美丽?”将丰收的景象转到丰收的原因，这样孩子们对勤劳的人们的赞美之情也会油然而生了，还可以让学生说说你想对这些勤劳的人们的话，由此加深了孩子们对劳动者的敬佩之情。这样学生自然就能读出对劳动人们的赞美之情了。

岳阳楼坐西朝东，构造古朴独特，

岳阳楼的各种图片(22张)

岳阳楼台基以花岗岩围砌而成，台基宽度17.24米，进14.54米，高度为0.65米。岳阳楼高度19米，在建筑风格上，前人将其归纳为木制、三层、四柱、飞檐、斗拱、盔顶。岳阳楼是纯本结构，整座建筑没用一钉一铆，仅靠木制构件的彼此勾连。

“四柱”指的是岳阳楼的基本构架，首先承重的主柱是四根楠木，被称为“通天柱”从一楼直抵三楼。除四根通天柱外，其余的柱子都是四的倍数。其中廊柱有12根;檐柱是32根。这些木柱彼此牵制，结为整体，既增加了楼的美感，又使整个建筑更加坚固。

斗拱是中国建筑中特有的结构，由于古代中国建筑中房檐挑出很长，斗拱的基本功能就是对挑出的屋檐进行承托。这种方木块叫做“斗”，托着斗的木条叫做“拱”，二者合称斗拱。岳阳楼的斗拱结构复杂，工艺精美，几非人力所能为，当地人传说是鲁班亲手制造的。斗拱承托的就是岳阳楼的飞檐，岳阳楼三层建筑均有飞檐。

岳阳楼的楼顶为层叠相衬的“如意斗拱”托举而成的盔顶式，这种拱而复翘的古代将军头盔式的顶式结构在古代中国建筑史上是独一无二的。这顶就是岳阳楼最突出的特点——盔顶结构。据考证，岳阳楼是中国仅存的盔顶结构的古建筑。

岳阳楼采用纯木结构，其造型因露明的木梁柱、构件、装修具有线条优美的表现力，显示出中国古建筑的独特的民族风格。

课文通过记叙两个日常生活中的小故事来启示人们在生活中要学会将心比心，尊重老人，关爱孩子，让人与人之间多一些宽容和理解。课文内容浅显易懂，在教学的过程中采用自读自悟的方法进行课文学习，达到了意想不到的效果。

拿到课文后读了几遍，脑海中开始思考这节课的教学思路。这是一篇略读课文，文章描述的都是日常生活中的平常事情，备课时是这样设计的：学生读熟课文后解决几个问题，谈谈对这篇课文的理解。以往大多数课堂上的大部分时间都是我在滔滔不绝的讲着，台下一双双小眼睛聚精会神的看着我，小耳朵竖着在认真听，孩子们发言的时间很少。语文课上总觉得时间过的很快，时间不够用，每每听到下课铃声响起总觉得还有很多东西没讲到，感觉意犹未尽还想继续下去，这时候却没有考虑到学生们的感受。很多时候忽略了他们的想法，导致课堂效果不理想。这节略读课文让他们自己去学习看看效果怎样。

一上课，我先放课文录音，让学生们跟读课文，目的是为了纠正生字的字音，模仿如何能讲课文读的有声有色也就是有感情的朗读课文，进而了解课文内容。跟读一遍课文后，学生再分段朗读再继续了解课文。读完课文老师抛出问题让学生思考，这时学生再一次快速浏览课文寻找答案。在这反复的阅读中渐渐的熟悉了课文内容对老师抛出的问题自然应对自如。在交流问题时大家的表现很是让我吃惊，平时课上几乎不举手的庞硕同学这节课举了好几次手，叫起他来回答的还很好，我想他读懂文章了，有自信了，有勇气在课堂上展示自己了，很替他高兴。课堂上你一言我一语，大家发言都很积极，说出了自己的见解，还有的学生结合实际生活给大家讲了一些例子来说明将心比心的意义。大家在对待老人和孩子方面也都提了不少建议，他们的建议都是发自内心的想法，很真诚，很温暖。看到大家这样的表现我很高兴，自己想要的不就是这样的课堂吗?

很多时候我们觉得学生自己做不好，可我们给他们机会尝试来吗?教学中我们应该大胆放手让学生自己去探索文学殿堂中的奥秘，让学生们的自主合作能力得到提升;其次，要注重阅读能力的培养，在阅读中领悟文章主旨。

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famousbuildings in Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower is one of the national key cultural relicsprotection units and the first batch of 4A grade tourist areas. The landscapefeatures of Yueyang Tower can be summarized in four aspects. First, it has along history. Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, wasbuilt in the 19th year of Jianan (220__ AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, andbecame Yueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan (759 AD) of emperor suzong ofTang Dynasty. Among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver, Yueyang Tower has the longest history. Second, it has unique scenery. Thescenery of Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake, mountain and city. "Balingis like a victory, holding Yuanshan in a lake in Dongting, swallowing theYangtze River. Its boundless, bright and gloomy, and has a magnificentatmosphere.". Third, it has a profound culture. Yueyang Towers poetrycollection contains more than a thousand masterpieces, as well as a large numberof couplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions. Most of them are permeatedwith the sense of hardship of famous Chinese people. For example, Du Fus"climbing Yueyang Tower" expresses his concern for the country and the people,and Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" brings this excellent tradition into fullplay. Su Dongpos philosophy of not being happy with things and not being sadfor himself, his sense of anxiety and happiness after the worlds worries, andhis spirit of integration made Su Dongpo express his emotion that "although itis not easy for sages to rise again"; Fourth, cultural relics are precious.Among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only YueyangTower is a state-level historical relic with historical, artistic and scientificvalue. Now we can see that Yueyang Tower is a pure wood structure, which wasoverhauled in 1983 according to the principle of "keeping the old as it is". Thewhole building is made of wood without a brick or a nail. The door seam ismortise and tenon, and the technology is very skillful. Well, friends, now infront of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters "Yueyang Tower" on thehorizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo and have been included in thebook "Chinese famous plaque". You see, the whole building is supported by fourbig nanmu columns, which run from the bottom of the building to the top of thebuilding, and then the second floor is supported by 12 gold columns as the innerring, surrounded by 20 wooden columns, which are connected as a whole byrestraining the door joints and tenons. Yueyang Tower has three floors and threeeaves, with a helmet top wooden structure and yellow glazed tiles. Helmet top isthe outstanding feature of Yueyang Tower. You see, it looks like the helmet ofan ancient general. Its powerful and majestic. Its equipped with cornices. Ithas smooth curves and gives people a sense of power. If you look at the RuyiDougong under the helmet top, it looks like a honeycomb. It is layered andmatched. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenix head and cloud head. It notonly supports the gravity of the helmet top, but also makes the whole buildingmore exquisite, solemn and harmonious. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has made amazingachievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology. When youenter the main building, the first thing you can see is the carved screen ofYueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Yueyang Towerreally became famous in the world. It was after Teng Zijing rebuilt YueyangTower in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. In thefourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted to the magistrate ofYuezhou. After he took office, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower and invited his friendFan Zhongyan Zhong Yan wrote down the famous article Yueyang Tower. Although thefull text of this article is only 368 words, it has broad content, profoundphilosophy, magnificent momentum and sonorous language, which has become thebest song for thousands of years. And "worry about the world first, and enjoythe world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation togeneration, and has become the accumulation of the noble personality culture ofthe excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower,with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm, has been handed downfor thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peoples hearts. The coupletsof Yueyang Tower sung by ancient and modern masters on the first floor. Standinghere on the third floor of the top floor of Yueyang Tower, we can enjoy themajestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains and swallowing the YangtzeRiver" and the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. You can see that thewater and sky of Dongting Lake are united, the wind is clear, the moon isboundless, the mountains are beautiful, and the lake is full of light. Dont youget the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, the wind and the moonare boundless"? In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower writtenby Du Fu in Mao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has strict layout,bold and unrestrained brushwork, strong and straight, which is deeply rooted inthe legacy of huaisus wild grass and has its own style This is really a rareart treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on the cake.Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Tower to you. Welcome to come hereagain. Thank you

在学完《小柳树和小枣树》一课后，我问孩子们：“你喜欢谁?为什么?”教室里一阵七嘴八舌之后，小手高高举起来了：

何博文说：我喜欢小枣树，小枣树听了小柳树挖苦她难看，她一句话都没说，也没有反过来去挖苦小柳树，他对朋友这么宽容，让我觉得小枣树并不难看。

逯子琪：小枣树在最美丽的时候也不取笑小柳树不结果，她有一颗宽容别人的心，小枣树在我眼里很美。

少康：对!我也喜欢小枣树，她在自己最美丽的时候，不得意忘形，还说出小柳树的许多长处来安慰小柳树。

听了孩子们的回答，我不禁暗暗欣喜，因为这节课在我的设计下进行的非常顺利，孩子们正好说出了我要对他们进行的思想教育。正在我松了一口气，打算结束这堂课时，“老师，我喜欢小柳树，我觉得她很美。”教室里突然冒出了这样一句，我始料未及，是不理睬他，绕开他的问题，继续按我的设计教学吗?稍微迟疑后，我决定改变教学设计，让这个孩子谈谈自己的看法。因为我觉得，课堂应该是允许学生质疑和发表不同观点的地方，学生思想碰撞后得出的认识，可能比按部就班地由教师传授、学生被动接受的收益要好得多。

好了，请大家看门前这副“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”的楹联，其下句为“谁为天下士，饮酒楼上头。”今天各位就来当一当天下士，以洞庭为酒，开怀畅饮，一起品位博大精深的岳阳楼文化和岳阳的壮丽山川吧!兴许您也会像诗仙李白一样“醉煞洞庭秋”!

登上巴陵古城墙，穿过“南极潇湘”、“北通巫峡”的牌坊，进入眼帘的就是江南三大名楼之冠的岳阳楼。为什么说岳阳楼是江南三大名楼之冠了，有哪位朋友知道吗?好的，就请大家听小X慢慢道来吧!一，历史悠久。大家看看眼前这楼是不是有一种历史的沧桑感?岳阳楼创建的具体时间已不可考，只知在公元220xx年前后，距今已有1700多年历史，其前身相传为三国时期东吴大将鲁肃的“阅军楼”，西晋南北朝时称“巴陵城楼”，初唐时，称为“南楼”，中唐李白赋诗之后，始称“岳阳楼”。所以说咱这岳阳楼面子可不小哦!要由我们的诗仙李白来亲自命名!大家看看横匾“岳阳楼”，这三字是由郭沫若先生题写的，现以编入《中国名匾》一书!

大家再仔细看看这楼，有没有发现其特别之处?这位朋友好棒哦!居然小X知道想说什么。对了，岳阳楼第二个特点就是文物珍贵。在江南三大名楼中唯有岳阳楼是保持其原址、原貌，具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物!咱们这岳阳楼楼高21.35米，可以用十个字来概括其建筑特点：“四柱、三层、飞檐、盔顶、纯木”!大家可看清楚了?咱这岳阳楼可是未用一砖一瓦，一颗铁钉的!在建筑上是不是一个奇迹啊?说到这，小X就想和大家说一故事：相传在建楼时，人们怎么也无法把楼层很好地建成，这时来了一七旬老者，手拿一尺，对大伙说，让我试试看吧?大家别无它法，只好让老者试试，不曾想老者三两下就把大家一直解决不了的问题给轻松地解决了!大家正想酬谢，却只见地上一把尺，不见老者的踪影，拾起尺子一看，居然写着“鲁班尺”，所以在我们岳阳一带有“鲁班助楼”的传说!再看看这“飞檐”可是咱老祖宗聪明才智的体现!其便于采光，减少笨拙感，同时节约了用料!大家看看这屋顶像不像古代将军的头盔?对了，这就是“盔顶”，这种建筑方式并不多见，据说是现在仅存的啦!威武雄壮的“盔顶”，配以飞檐，曲线流畅，给人势欲凌空之感!再看“盔顶”下的如意斗拱，它形似蜂窝，层叠相衬，饰以龙头、凤头、云头纹饰，既承托盔顶重力，又使整个建筑更精美、庄重、和谐。屋面的宝顶、脊饰、翘首等构件都是清代中叶遗留下来的陶制精品。因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有惊人的成就!因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。

大家不禁要问，既然是天下名楼，为什么只建了三层呢?有朋友说，在古代三层就为高楼了，话是如此，但更重要的是封建迷信，据说当时修建者是为取天时、地利、人和之意!

古代建筑都与风水学有着说不清，道不明的关系。大家看看这四根通天金柱。这四根楠木大柱自楼底直贯楼顶，代表的就是一年四季，作为内圈的12根大柱就象征着一年的12个月。大家再数数看，在这周围有多少柱子啊?这位朋友数的可真快，一下子就数出来是20根了，这20根柱子有什么含义吗?大家想想，可以参照小X刚刚的讲法!

大家来看看这幅雕屏，哇!是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏的哦!其由12块紫檀木组成，黑底绿字!当年滕公子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后，喜出望外，请大书法家苏子美书写，著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是，楼、记、书法、雕刻合称“四绝”。可惜雕刻毁于宋神宗年间大火中。我们无缘得见啦!现在的雕屏是由清干隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。干隆称其为“王羲之之后的第一人”，其字字型方正、笔力雄浑、技法多变、独具匠心，为传世精品!但请大家张大眼睛瞧仔细了，待会到二楼，我们还将看到另一副雕屏，其中一真一假，哪副才是咱们张大人的真迹了?请大家自个瞧仔细呢!

大家可记下了这幅雕屏?好了，我们一起去二楼看看另一幅吧!

各位朋友，请看这中堂的雕屏，与一楼的有什么不同吗?仔细瞧瞧!对了，一楼是黑底绿字，而这幅是金字!为什么在同一栋楼里会同时存有两块一样的雕屏呢?就让小X给大家讲一个真实的故事：清道光年间，岳阳来了个姓吴的知县，他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手，花了十七个月时间精心临摹，秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后，吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机，偷梁换柱，携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹，在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久，风雨大作，船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段，雕屏也随波逐流，因是紫檀木制成，全部沈入了水中。后来，湖水干浅，《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时，不慎损坏了三个字，当地一文士吴敏树花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹才补上。各位现在可以看到，这雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹，所以我们现在看见的这幅才是张大人的真迹!至于一楼那副，虽是赝品，其也有100多年的历史了，也是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假，正像一张功罪表，昭示着后代子孙!

大家请随小X一起登楼，同看那范公笔下的“巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯;朝晖夕阴，气象万千”的洞庭湖。呵呵!我们的这位朋友好聪明哦!知道小张接下来要给大家讲岳阳楼为三大名楼之冠的第三个原因了，那就是风景独特。岳阳楼的胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。有诗云：“楼前十分风景好，一分山色九分湖”，就是对岳阳楼地理形胜的绝妙赞美，岳阳楼是得水而壮，得山而妍，形胜江南!世人只知范公的《岳阳楼记》，不知滕公子京也为骚客，其有词，云：“湖水连天，天连水，秋来分澄清。君山自是小蓬瀛，气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。帝子有灵能鼓瑟，凄然依旧伤情。微闻兰芷动芳馨，曲终人不见，江上数峰青。”短短59个字写景抒情，却很有气势!

“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一字，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。”这是幅木刻雕屏是毛主席手书的杜甫的《登岳阳楼》，其书法笔意奔放，布局严谨，雄健挺拔，形神兼备，笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。在雕屏两侧的楹联“水天一色，风月无边。” 落款为“长庚李白”，也就是我们的诗仙李白了，一楼同存诗仙、诗圣和和主席的真迹实在是不简单啊!由此可以看出咱岳阳楼的深厚文化!这就是小张要说的第四点了，岳阳楼文化的深厚!古往今来，多少文人骚客在此留下了足、笔，而真正使岳阳楼闻名天下的是北宋范仲淹作的《岳阳楼记》，这篇文章全文虽只寥寥368字，但其内容之博大，哲理之精深，气势之磅礴，语言之铿锵，真可谓匠心独道，字字珠玑，千秋之绝唱也!而"先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐"则成为传世名句，成为中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的沉淀!

请大家放下心中杂念，凭轩远眺，看着那浩淼的八百里洞庭，是否会与范公产生共鸣?当年范公未曾登临这“天下楼”，却作了不朽的《岳阳楼记》;今日你我同登这千古名楼，可有一种超脱世俗之感?

时间不早了，我们的游览马上就要结束了!转过身，让我们再摸摸四根楠木大柱，您想到了什么?四根金柱为我中华民族撑起了“先忧后乐”、百折不挠的民族脊梁千年!

“天下楼”的登临就要结束了，大家还有什么问题吗?噢!对了，小X还没告诉大家那20根柱子的含义。聪明的朋友可能已经知道答案了，对了，就是20加4，24，中国的24节气，您可猜出?现在行程结束请大家跟小X一起上车返程休息!

课开始，我就以课后孔子的名言导入，课末又以孔子名言结课。

老师，第一次给大家来上课，带来了一份见面礼——四句名人名言，谁愿意来读一读你知道这是谁说的吗

孔子每天跟着老子学习。当他学到了新的知识，他一定会觉得怎么样所以他才会说——学而时习之，不亦悦乎

在学习过程中，如果遇到不懂的呢他会怎么做(他知道，在学习上应坚持老老实实的态度，懂就是懂，不懂就是不懂，不能不懂装懂。)所以孔子曾说过——知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。

这样，前后呼应，浑然一体，学生整节课均浸润在孔子深厚的思想文化氛围中。阅读，不再只是单纯的课文言语的分析讲解，还被深深根植于祖国文化背景的宏大时空之中。我认为，这样的阅读，便是润泽的阅读;这样的课堂，方是工具性与人文性和谐统一的课堂。

这堂课下来，如预先所料，我拖了几分钟。课堂中还需要我去斟酌的地方很多，比如，教学内容的容量较多;对课堂上学生的生成如何引导;教育机智不够，这与我自身的素质修养有很大的关系，需要我进一步提高。

第三单元的语文可真应景!当秋天踩着落叶诗意地走进我的视野时，课文里也开始秋意飘飞。

南方的四季并不分明，可是—入秋，阳光的颜色都变了——变得金黄金黄，十分悦目，恩……像个和善的老头儿。在上班时，我时常闭上眼细心地聆听秋叶"唰啦啦"飘落的声音。没想到这一习惯竟不知不觉被学生学了去……

看来自然是最好的老师，窗外已有满眼秋色，又何须我苍白的语言……

下课了，还有许多孩子围着我讲秋天……突然，念小婷很认真地问我:"老师，秋天为什么不和我们玩儿一下再走呢"她大概还在想课上的那个"秋天为何匆匆而来，匆匆而去"的问题吧!我笑了一下说:"她已经和你玩过了。只不过你没注意……比如它呼地一下摸了你的脸，唰地一下又碰了你的耳朵。"小婷开心地笑了。

回到办公室，念小婷的话在我的脑中反复盘旋，挥之不去。"为何不和我说一下再走"她大概是没时间玩耍吧!我突然一下子理解了这个上课爱吹泡泡的女生。也许，下课了，放学了，她又要被推进作业的漩涡里，根本没有时间玩……

嘿!我的孩子们自己已经找到了良方。下课了，孩子们放下笔记本，来到走廊上，闭着眼，"哇我听到了风声!""我听到云跑步的声音。"

听着听着，我哈哈大笑起来……

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildingsin Jiangnan.

Yueyang Tower is a national key cultural relic protection unit and one ofthe first batch of national 4A tourist areas. The landscape characteristics ofYueyang Tower can be summarized into four aspects. First, it has a long history.Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, was built in the19th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 220__) and was namedYueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan in the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 759). It hasthe longest history among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver.

Second, the scenery is unique. Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake,mountain and city. "Baling Sheng shape, a trace in the Dongting, the title ofthe distant mountains, swallow the Yangtze River, vast, boundless horizontal,morning and evening Yin, magnificent." The poet Du QinYong said: "the vast snowwaves with smoke, the sky and the West back painting, the building is verybeautiful scenery, a mountain nine lake." Yueyang Tower is a marvelous praisefor its geographical shape. It is strong with water, beautiful with mountainsand better than Jiangnan in shape. Third, it has a profound culture. YueyangTower poetry anthology contains more than a few famous works, a large number ofcouplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions, most of which are permeated withthe "sense of hardship" of the Chinese nation. _In Du Fus "climbing the YueyangTower", he said, "I heard the Dongting water in the past, but now Im going tothe Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth float dayand night. Family and friends have no word, old and sick have their own boat.The army passes the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow Hisconcern for the prison and the people is beyond expression. Fan Zhongyans"Yueyang Tower" is the development of this excellent tradition to the peak. Thephilosophy of "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with yourself", Atthat time, Su Dongpo expressed his emotion that "although it is not easy for asage to rise again", which Liu Shaoqi introduced as the criterion for thecultivation of Communist Party members, Hu Yaobang praised as thecrystallization of traditional Chinese virtues. It is indeed the most preciouscultural relics of Chinese spiritual civilization. Among the three famousbuildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only Yueyang Tower is a nationalcultural relic with historical, artistic and scientific value. The Yueyang Towernow seen is a pure wood structure. It was overhauled in 1983 according to theprinciple of "keeping the old as it is". It has four columns, three floors,cornices and helmet top. The whole building is made of wood without a brick or anail. The door joints are mortise and tenon. The workmanship is very exquisite.In history, Yueyang Tower has been destroyed and repaired for more than 50times. Friends, this couplet in front of the door, "Dongting Tianxia water,Yueyang Tianxia tower", is extracted from the five character quatrains of WeiYunzhen, a poet of the Ming Dynasty. The last two sentences of this poem are"who is the scholar in the world, drinking on the top of the building." Today,you are going to be the corporal of the day. Lets enjoy the profound YueyangTower culture and the magnificent mountains and rivers of Yueyang with Dongtingas the wine. Maybe you will be as drunk as Li Bai.

On the wall of Baling ancient city, the "Xiaoxiang archway in the SouthPole" and the "Wuxia archway in the north" were built in the Qing Dynasty. Thecouplets of chanting scenery in the two places are all written by famousartists. In the north of the ancient times, he Shaoji, a great calligrapher ofthe Qing Dynasty, wrote couplets, and Li duo, a famous calligrapher of thecontemporary era. In the south, Zhang Zhao, who wrote Yueyang Tower in the QingDynasty, and Liu Haisu, a contemporary master of calligraphy and painting, wrotethe couplet. From then on, we can see that Yueyang Tower was loved by literatiof all ages.

Now in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters of "YueyangTower" on the horizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo, and now it hasbeen compiled into the book named plaque of Zhongjun. Yueyang Tower is 2135mhigh, 1724m wide and 14.56m deep. Three story three eaves, helmet top type woodstructure, covered with yellow glazed tiles. The helmet top is a prominentfeature of Yueyang Tower. You can see that it looks like the helmet of anancient general. It is powerful and majestic. With cornices, it has smoothcurves and gives people a sense of power. Looking at the Ruyi Dougong under thehelmet top, it looks like a beehive. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenixhead and cloud head. It not only supports the gravity of the helmet top, butalso makes the whole building more exquisite, solemn and harmonious. The top ofthe roof, ridge ornaments, head up and other components are all ceramic productsleft over from the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has madeamazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology.

When you enter the main building, the first thing you see is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Asmentioned above, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty. Atthat time, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talented personagesand poets came one after another. They look out from the cantharidin tower, goboating in Dongting, and write hard. In his poem "climbing Yueyang Tower withXia 12", Li Bai described it as follows: "the tower views Yueyang as far aspossible, and the Sichuan Dongting opens. The wild goose leads the sorrowfulheart to go, the mountain holds the good month to come. Even stay in the clouds,the sky line cup. After getting drunk, the cool wind blows and the people danceLi Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote the poem Yueyang Tower:"if you want to get rid of your worries, you can go to Yueyang Tower on DongtingLake. Its a pity that thousands of Li can take advantage of the prosperity.Its a dragons solution to the shipwreck. " The Yueyang Tower became more andmore famous because of these new words.

However, it was after Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyanwrote Yueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Ying Zijing wasdemoted to be the governor of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organized threemajor events: first, building a rainbow dike under the Yueyang Tower to defendthe waves of Dongting Lake; second, setting up a county school to cultivatetalents; third, rebuilding the Yueyang tower. Teng Zijing has both literarytalent and military strategy. He thinks that "it is not long for Louguan to becalled a reporter by writing, and the writing is not written by those who aretalented and powerful.". So he thought of his friend Fan Zhongyan, who was aJinshi in the same middle school. He wrote a Book of Qiuji, which introduced thestructure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after it was revised. He poured out hiseagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record. He also asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which copied the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by famous scholars of all ages. He sent people to FanZhongyans demoted residence day and night It is located in Dengzhou. FanZhongyan was a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Wei Zijing, he was rejected and attacked because he advocated theinnovation of politics. After receiving the letter from Teng Zijing, he read itrepeatedly and thought about it carefully, and finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article is only 368 words, it hasbroad content, profound philosophy, majestic momentum, sonorous language andpearly words. It has become a masterpiece for thousands of years. However, thesaying "first worry about the world, and then joy about the world" has become afamous saying handed down from generation to generation, and has become theaccumulation of the noble personality culture of the outstanding knowledge ofthe Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme content andartistic charm, has been handed down for thousands of years and nourishedpeoples hearts. After receiving Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower, Teng Zijing wasoverjoyed. He immediately asked Su Zimei, a great calligrapher, to write it andShao Songhui, a famous sculptor, to engrave it on a wooden plaque. As a result,Lou, Ji, calligraphy and sculpture are collectively known as the "four wonders".Unfortunately, the sculpture was destroyed in the fire during the reign ofemperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. The screen we see now is written by ZhangZhao, a famous calligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in theQianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

The whole building is supported by four big nanmu columns. It runs from thebottom of the building to the top of the building, and then uses 12 gold pillarsas the inner ring to support the second floor. Around it, 20 wooden pillars areused to control the door joints and tenons, and connect them as a whole. Thewhole Yueyang Tower is of pure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. Onthe first floor, there are couplets chanting Yueyang Tower by ancient and modernmasters. The one in the middle of the hall is the longest of the couplets. Thefirst couplet begins with "whats strange on the first floor", listing theachievements and legends of poets, famous Confucians, virtuous officials andwine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authors regret for thepast and the present; the second couplet introduces the famous mountains andrivers, the magnificent and dangerous city of baling. If you write down thiscouplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

A carved screen of Yueyang Tower is hung on the front of the second floor.There is a story circulating here. During the reign of Daoguang in the QingDynasty, a magistrate surnamed Wu came to Yueyang. He took a fancy to the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, and bribed a master of folk art carving with a largesum of money to make another carved screen. Taking advantage of the opportunityof being transferred out of Yueyang, Wuzhi county took advantage of theopportunity to steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy nightwith the carved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. The boat was overturned in thejiumazui section of Dongting Lake by wind and waves, and the carved screen sankto the bottom of the lake. It was salvaged by local fishermen and collected byWu Minshu, a local scholar. After 120 silver from the hands of Wus descendantswill screen back. During the cultural revolution, the red guards wanted to smashthe feudal carved screen. In order to protect it, the workers covered thewriting with plaster and wrote Chairman Maos poems. In this way, the carvedscreen escaped another disaster. This one and the one on the first floor areboth true and false, just like the list of merits and demerits.

The third floor is the top floor of Yueyang Tower. Looking from the window,you can appreciate the majestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains andswallowing the Yangtze River" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of lakes andmountains, which is "the same color of water and sky, boundless wind and moon".Signed "Changgeng libaishu". When we stand on the third floor and look out fromthe window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are united, theclear wind and the moon are boundless, and the mountains and lakes are all onthe first floor. Isnt the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, thewind and the moon are boundless"?

In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower written by Du Fu inMao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has rigorous layout, bold andunrestrained brushwork, iron and silver hook, vigorous and straight, which isdeeply rooted in huaisus wild grass style, and has its own style. This is arare art treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on thecake.

Out of the Yueyang Tower is the three drunk Pavilion, which is the place toworship Lu Xian. Lu Dongbin used medicine to save people and did good deeds. Hewas deeply respected by the people. In addition, he was named "Fuyou emperor" bythe emperor of Yuan Dynasty. He was one of the five northern ancestors ofTaoism. Yueyang Tower was built with yellow glazed tiles specially used by theemperors in feudal times as the place where LV Xian stopped. Why is Lu Xian soprominent in Yueyang? It turns out that there are anecdotes about Lu Xian in theannals of Yueyangs prefectures and counties, saying that he had drunk with TengZijing, played chess with Wang Taishou, the national chess player, and stoppedQiao Taishous sedan chair when he was drunk. In particular, Zhizhou Li Guan notonly records the origin of LV Xiantings story, but also includes two poems byLV Xian. At that time, they were carved in front of Yueyang Tower with hugestones. One of them is "when you travel to the north, the dusk of Cangwu, thecourage of the green snake in your sleeve, when you are drunk in Yueyang, youcant recognize it, and you can fly over Dongting Lake with langyin." The nameof sanzui Pavilion comes from this poem.

Finally, visit Yueyang Tower culture and Art Center. There are not only thecarved screen of Yueyang Tower written by the famous calligraphers Mi Fu, ZhuYunming, Dong Qichang and Zhang Zhao, but also the image display of theconcentrated landscape of Yueyang Tower in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.There are also a large number of works of art and crafts with Yueyang Towerculture as the theme, as well as various books and periodicals about YueyangTower. Besides enjoying, you can choose your favorite souvenirs forcommemoration.

《风娃娃》是新课程语文第三册第四单元的第四篇课文。本单元教材是围绕“怎样看问题，想问题。”这个主题安排了一些给人启迪的成语和故事，让学生在阅读中识字，在阅读中感悟生活的哲理。

课文中的风娃娃是怎样的呢?欣赏一下课文的插图，你就会看到风娃娃是一个可爱的孩子，胖乎乎的脸、圆溜溜的大眼睛，仔细读课文觉得风娃娃其实就在孩子们的中间。他既可爱有时又有些可气。

教学课文时，我先让学生自读课文，找出课文中风娃娃做了哪些事情，通过阅读课文，学生能很快找出风娃娃做的事情有：吹风车、吹帆船、吹风筝、吹衣服、吹小树等。让学生整体的了解课文。接着又问：其中哪些是好的，哪些是不好的事情呢?这个问题也难不倒学生。

接着又请学生读课文，提出你在阅读时，哪些地方你不懂?学生提出了好多问题，“断断续续、纤夫、船帆是什么意思。”等问题。有些问题其他同学知道的，我就请其他同学来解答，有些比较难的，离现实生活比较远的问题，就由我来讲解。学生能自己提出问题，说明他在阅读时动了一翻脑筋，在原有的知识结构中寻找答案，但还是不明白。就好象让孩子摘桃子，没摘到，就差跳起来这一步。教师在这时助学生一臂之力，学生主动地听讲，记忆就非常深刻。

学习不能脱离实际生活，还应和生活相联系。风娃娃还做了哪些事，你知道吗?联系实际生活让学生来说说看。学生踊跃发言。风娃娃会给干活干得很累出汗的人们擦汗，带来凉爽;风娃娃会关窗，有时把玻璃也打碎;大风有时会把房子吹倒等。学生的想象力是丰富的，感情是细腻的，他们说出了风的许多好处和坏处。其实风娃娃一心想做好事，为什么会做坏事呢?我们小朋友中间是不是也有这样的情况呢?其实也有，你好心帮别人，人家不领情。不但不感谢你，反而埋怨你。你能举举其中的例子吗?通过事例，让学生明白其实你有时候也像风娃娃好心办了坏事，启发学生做事是不能一厢情愿，不能只从自己的角度出发，还要全面地考虑问题，从别人的角度来考虑问题，认真动脑，少做傻事，快快长大。

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan.Today, I will introduce Yueyang Tower to you as a super tour guide. My name isLuo Ganquan. You can call me Luo Dao or Xiao Luo.

Yueyang Tower is located on the Bank of Dongting Lake with beautifulscenery and long history. Fan Cuyan of Song Dynasty once wrote Yueyang Tower topraise Yueyang Tower.

Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns and three floors. Itis a pure wood structure without a brick. There are four ridges on the eaves ofeach layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus pods, andthe head up is Phoenix; the second layer is the head up tap; the third layer isdecorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen Ruyi Xiangyun. The roofof Yueyang Tower, especially the helmet of ancient generals, is called helmettop. Because helmet top is very rare in ancient Chinese architecture, it is oneof the important factors that makes Yueyang Tower famous. The whole YueyangTower has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, architecture and technology,so it has enjoyed the reputation of "Yueyang World Tower" since ancienttimes.

In fact, Yueyang Tower is really famous in the world when fan Cuyan wroteYueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted tobe the magistrate of Yuezhou for being framed. As soon as he took office, he didthree major things: first, he built Yanhong dike to prevent the waves ofDongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivate talents; third, herebuilt Yueyang Tower. The scale of the rebuilt Yueyang Tower was verymagnificent, but Teng Zijing knew that it was not enough to rely on its grandeuralone. Teng Zijing immediately thought of Fan Zhongyan, who was the same as TengZijing. Fan Cuyan, like Teng Zijing, was demoted as the magistrate of Dengzhoubecause he was framed. Teng Ziren drew a picture of the autumn evening inDongting and wrote a letter of Qiuji to introduce the momentum and structure ofYueyang Tower. After reading it, Fan Zhongyan finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower, in which "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"has become a famous sentence of reincarnation, inspiring generations of futuregenerations to work hard.

All right, everybody can go into the building now. Ladies and gentlemen,the first thing you can see here is Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12pieces of red sandalwood. It is said that Teng Zijing was overjoyed when hereceived Yueyang Tower. He immediately asked Su Shunqin, the great calligrapherat that time, to write it and Shao song, the famous sculptor, to carve it on awooden plaque. As a result, "Lou, Ji, calligraphy, sculpture" is known as thefour unique. Its a pity that what we see now is not the "four unique plaque".It was destroyed in the fire as early as the reign of emperor Shenzong of theSong Dynasty. The Yueyang Tower here was written by Zhang Zhao, a greatcalligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in the Qianlong periodof the Qing Dynasty.

Thats all for me. Ill give you 15 minutes to take photos.

首先说说开课。俗话说：良好的开端是成功的一半。为了让学生较快的进入课堂学习，配合老师的教学工作，达到良好的教学效果，所以，开课很重要。为了达到这个目的，我采用故事激趣导入，一方面吸引学生学习的兴趣，另一方面为学习课文打下铺垫。在教学中，我采用和学生比赛讲故事的方式，提高学生学习积极性，同时也让学生初步知道什么叫做评价，并用老师教会的方法来展开下面的学习。

接着说说课文学习。有了前面的铺垫，学生通过和老师讲故事比赛，不仅训练了语言表述能力，同时也把课文通读了一遍，并加上了自己的理解。通过回忆课文主人公，对这些人物进行正确的评价，朗读评价这些人物品质的语句，这样做目的有：让学生学会抓住课文中的重点词句理解课文内容，培养学习能力。对人物进行评价的时候，既训练了学生语言表达能力，思维能力，用“老师引路”教会学生怎样进行评价，培养学生树立正确的人生观，价值观。可谓是一举多得。

再说说“收课”。为了让学生知道《九色鹿》相关的知识，我在课文讲解结束的时候，告诉学生这个美丽的神话故事的来源，并激发学生热爱祖国，热爱祖国灿烂文化的情感。

今天，我上的是一篇略读课主，怎么算是略，很难把握。我觉得我还是领得很牢，设计上我是从课文的提示语出发，围绕商人丢失的骆驼有哪些特点?老人是怎么知道骆驼的这些特点的?这两个问题展开讨论。而这篇课文内容来讲非常清楚，语言上以对话为主，文章前半部分不急着讲老人是根据什么知道骆驼特点的，而是写老人十分详细描述骆驼特点，让人产生阅读的欲望。

通过多种形式的朗读来达到读正确、读流利的目的。以老师的示范和指导来读出人物的证据，商人的关键、高兴、生气抓关键词语自读感悟，划一划等方式找出骆驼的特点以及老如何知道这些物点的原因，分析板书进行引导。

随机指导字音，作为略读课文，没有字词上的具体要求，根据学生学习过程中的问题来指正，词语的一些意思通过像演一演、找近义词、换词的方法来理解。

课文的朗读以自读、同桌合作、齐读这几种朗读方式进行。

教学后有几个地方觉得另有想法。

初读完课文没有全部将学生的问题解答，对于课文的整体把握存在问题。直接提出问题讲骆驼的特点前后联系不大，或者产生另外的思路与想法。

谁找骆驼——找到了吗——怎么样找的。

谁找骆驼——为什么找骆驼——骆驼的样子——怎样找-结果，当学生的回答与自己的预设存在偏差，我要如何不慌不忙的引导。

今天从问题角度来说，回答的面还是比较广的，回答的质量也可以，回答的指导上我也尽量使他完整回答，对说好话，写好文，有一定的帮助。

评价语上一开始比较有把握，但慢慢走到后面就不知如何是好。

思绪有点乱，还要好好整理与思考。

1.教学思路非常清晰，紧紧扣住课文的层次结构和思想内容。指导学生找出对方的论点和论据，通过对比敌方的论据和我方的论据，直观、形象地让学生领悟到对方的观点是错误的，我方的观点是正确的，我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。先破后立，既破又立，破立结合，这是驳论文显著的特点，也是其常用的写作手法。最得意之处就是精心设计了板书，提纲挈领地帮助学生把握了文章的学习重点。课后很多老师私下和我交流，他们都说听了我这堂课知道以后该如何执教驳论文了。我想主要原因可能就是我抓住了驳论文的核心——批驳对方的错误观点进而树立作者正确的观点。鲁迅先生写这篇杂文就是为了批驳当时笼罩在中国各个领域的那种悲观亡国论调，鼓舞民族自信心。这应该是他写这篇文章的主要目的。

2.精读重点语段，以此品味文章的思想内涵以及作者遣词造句的技巧，体味作者语言犀利、力透纸背的语言特色。化繁为简，抓住关键语句来品读。如对国民党及社会名流“求国联”“求神佛”举动的深层理解，引导学生读课文下的注解，有意识地把课文注释整合成背景资料，并要求学生结合注解理解文章，不全面的地方我稍作补充。引导学生个别读，集体读，把难懂的课文容易化，降低了学生的学习困难，同时也激发学生想要学习文本的兴趣。

对文中个别字的注释，本来是易掌握的，只要课上老师讲解，学生做笔记或参考文中的注解，再课下自习，完全可以自行解决。可是，学生根本不自觉学习，不注重文中的注解，没有很好地去理会，对知识的掌握就不牢固，离开了课本就无法给解释。今后应让学生自主学习，要求多看看文中所做的注解，首先弄懂个别字的注解，接下来是句子的翻译。教师可以在习题上让学生多练。

第一课时非常重要的环节就是梳理课文大意，文言文教学学生最感枯燥的往往是疏通文意环节，对于基础相对较弱的学生更甚。若老师指定学生翻译，要么哑口无言，要么不动脑筋拿着参考书照念;若以老师串讲为主，学生便无所事事，亦不愿主动记笔记。对于这一问题，在教学中，可以以小组为单位，结合课下注释翻译，然后各小组在质疑相关的字词句，教师加以点拨，设置此环节的目的就是充分调动学生学习积极性。最好要求把重点翻译的句子抄写，加深印象。如：①自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。②清荣峻茂，良多趣味。等…… 反思四、回答问题。本文从不同的季节对“三峡”雄奇险拔、清幽秀丽景象做了描写。

理会文章先写山，后写水，写水分，着重让学生体会“夏水暴涨，湍急”“春冬水落潭清，风景秀丽”“秋寒猿啸，气氛凄凉萧杀”的奇异景象;不同季节应多读成诵，只有多读才能理解深刻，光靠老师传授，没有多少个学生能记忆犹新，到复习时还是要依靠老师 。我觉得传授他们知识的同时更应该教会他们怎样去学习，只有对文言文有了学习上的眉目，才能产生兴趣，学习上也轻松，不至于很快忘却，复习时候甚是陌生，难度自然加大。教好学复好习和考好试密切相关，只要师生配合，把握好每一个环节，教和学都能达到效果。

我们不得不承认在很多时候老师低估了学生的潜力，固而不给学生尝试的机会。学生潜在的创新思维就被我们这种“好心”给抹杀了。“说内容”给学生自由，给学生空间，给学生期待。让学生畅所欲言在自主活动中感受成功，收获惊喜。

从“谈方法”可以看出，学生的思维被激活了，教师到位而又不越位的点拨示范，打开了学生思维的闸门，让学生找到了感觉，尝到了好滋味。

交谈的形式，真正实现了新课标提倡的与文本对话与作者对话能开启学生的心灵，放飞学生的情愫，使学生茅塞顿开，豁然开朗，自然收到好的效果。但老师的适时点拨示范也是必不可少的。

在《猜猜我是谁》的教学中，我大胆尝试新的教学方式，体现新课程的理念，主要有以下几个方面：

一、培养学生自主、探究、合作的学习方式。我有意识地给学生渗透自主、合作、探究的学习意识。教会学生怎样学习是学生掌握终身学习方法的良好开端。学生间通过互相交流，互相帮助。学生学习得快，掌握得好。在检测时，发现学生个个都能准确地读出读音。在自主合作学习中，学生的主体性，能动性得到提高。

二、利用游戏形式，激发学生学习兴趣。兴趣是激发学生从事学习的动力。游戏是学生喜闻乐见的形式。爱玩，爱活动是孩子的天性，学生是活泼好动的，在课堂中，为调节学生的学习，再度激发学生的学习兴趣，我分别与学生进行了两个小游戏：“猜猜我是谁”和“找朋友”。老师张嘴仅做动作，不发出声音，让学生猜，学生脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容……在玩中，学生巩固所学的知识，学得比较扎实。学生学得高兴，乐于学习，使课堂变成学习的乐园，学生在课堂中感受到乐趣，对学习会更感兴趣。

当然，在教学中，我还存在很多的不足之处，如：课堂时间设计不太合理，致使巩固环节显得仓促，在学生进行小组学习的时候没进行有效的指导，课堂有点乱。这些，都是需要我在今后的教学中不断学习，不断反思，不断提高，努力改正的地方。