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北京导游攻略实用20篇

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篇1:北京什刹海的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 4447 字

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各位旅客朋友们:大家好!

俗话说“先有什刹海,后有北京城”,又被称为“后海”的北京什刹海历来是老北京人休闲娱乐的好去处。因其环境优美,且民俗风韵十足,两百余年来吸引了众多的官宦、名家甚至方外之人来此或修府第,或建庙宇,更为什刹海增添了深厚的文化底蕴。

现而今,北京的都市味越来越浓了,能看到老北京旧时民风的地方也越来越少了,可就在这什刹海,依然能够听到秋日里清脆的虫鸣,依然能能看见老北京四合院建筑群的缩影,依然能够咀嚼京味文化旅游节就要在这里开幕了。“游什刹海,看老北京”,品茗、荡舟、游王府、逛胡同,更有那纯正的京腔京韵,使什刹海大放异彩。

宋庆龄故居

醇亲王府醇亲王府位于后海北岸,府邸分为正院、住院、花园及马圈四部分。另外在府后建有醇贤亲祠堂一所,占地共约八十余亩。特别是府内的西花园有着相当悠久的历史。国家名誉主席宋庆龄先生故居就建在醇亲王府的西花园,她在这里工作、生活了20__年,给这座古色古香的园林留下了许多痕迹,增添了不少亮色。

康熙年间,明珠的府邸花园正是坐落于此。园中假山、竹林、小桥错落有致,南楼前临水有“明开夜合”树七株,其中两株二百余年前的古木,据说是明珠长子纳兰性德亲手所植。年轻的纳兰性德常常邀集北京的文人名士相聚于此吟诗填词,今日立身树下,思古之情油然而生,眼前仿佛人影依稀,耳畔边似回响着当年的唱吟之声,“阶前双叶合,枝叶敷华荣”。后来明珠获罪,这府花园又被和坤所占,嘉庆即位后,花园和附近的府邸一起被赐予成亲王,并特许成亲王引后海水入园。现在我们看到的“恩波亭”就是成亲王时修建的,平安石上“岁岁平安”四字便出自成亲王之手。光绪年间,这座府邸又赐给了“光绪”的生父醇亲王,其在成亲王府的基础上添改修缮,建成醇亲王府。

今天,醇亲王府已经成为什刹海边的一道风景线,众多的游人慕名前来,只为心中那一份对历史的眷恋和对古迹的景仰。

梅兰芳故居

梅兰芳先生一生中的最后20__年是在什刹海西北隅护国寺街9号度过的,这是一座典型的北京四合院,占地716平方米。如今已成为人们缅怀大师的观光景地。

这是一座两进的北京小四合院。共有房屋37间。现有馆藏文件3万余件。正院保存故居原貌,会客厅、书房、卧室和起居室内的各项陈设均按梅兰芳生前生活原状陈列。

郭沫若纪念馆

千竿胡同往北大约30来米,前海西街18号,这里便是一代文化名人郭沫若晚年居住过的地方。1963年秋天,郭沫若迁居此处,在什刹海西畔这座古朴的北京四合院里走完了人生最后14个年头。

走进纪念馆,草地上,郭沫若的铜像安坐在藤萝架前,双手轻轻放在膝头、目光平静而坦然。驻足绿荫下,闹市里久违的鸟鸣声,不绝于耳。

院内最为显眼的当数郭沫若夫妇亲手种植的银杏和牡丹,那些曾经与主人朝夕相处的一草一木,浸润在主人真诚与博大的情感世界中。人垂花门进四合院,东西两厢已辟为陈列室,以图片和实物展示着诗人、学者兼战士不平凡的一生。正房的客厅、办公室、卧室依旧是主人在世时的陈列。暖郎环绕小小的月季园,通向最北面的房间,正中的一间是郭沫若夫妇研磨书法的地方。伟人已去,故园依旧。一卷卷书稿,一幅幅书法佳作,保留着他的神韵。

广化寺

衣冠杂沓,车马骈阗的什刹海,历来是扎根皇城的佛教僧侣弘法结缘的首选之地。皆因梵刹林立,故名什刹海。什刹之一,饱经720__年沧桑的佛门古刹广化寺,坐落在鼓楼后西侧后海北岸的鸦儿胡同31号。广化寺坐北朝南,东临银锭桥,西傍宋庆龄故居,占地1.38万平方米,拥有殿宇329间,分中、东、西三大院落。整座寺院建筑严谨,僧房毗连,形成院中有院的建筑特色。寺内古柏苍翠,花草溢香,曲径通幽。

广化寺始建于元代,后经明清三次修建,清宣统元年(1909)曾在此筹建京师图书馆,鲁迅先生曾在此任职。1920__年8月对外开放。1982年北京佛教协会成立并将会址设在此寺。1986年,北京佛教协会在广化寺西路祖堂内肇建了北京佛教音乐团,弘扬中国传统音乐文化,演奏“京音乐”即佛教音乐,并培养后继者。如今,广化寺不仅是信徒们礼佛的地方,佛教音乐、礼佛仪式等也已作为一种文化,成为什刹海民俗文化景区的重要组成部分。

古刹品禅宗敬祠忆先贤

汇通祠

汇通祠也就是现在的郭守敬纪念馆,位于北京市西城区什刹海西海(积水谭)北沿的汇通河畔。元朝时期,这里水面辽阔,风景秀丽,独特的地理位置使它成为元大都城内、京杭大运河最北码头,漕运船只可直达这里。汇通祠坐朝南,有山门一间,歇山调脊灰筒瓦顶,石券门,棋盘木门两扇,前殿及东西配殿各三间,均为硬山调大脊灰筒瓦顶。后院有二层后罩楼,祠后原有一暗红色的巨石一块,通体花纹如云,叩之如铜。巨石纹路中隐约似有一鸡一狮,人们俗称:“鸡狮石”。

1988年9月27日汇通祠竣工。占地1100平方米的汇通祠按原建筑形式恢复修建。内有石狮、石亭、剑碑,假山叠石,错落有致,曲径路道,别具匠心,石壁洞岫,宛自天开。一座小岛重现人间,清水绕岛而过,随着湖水的流逝,仿佛又回到了久远而灿烂辉煌的历史。

什刹海景点分布

恭王府

恭王府位于什刹海西北角,是一处典型的王府花园,既有中轴线,也有对称手法。始建于十八世纪末,是北京保存最完整的清代王府,堪称“什刹海的明珠”。曾属乾隆后期大学士和珅的宅邸,后改赐为恭亲王奕忻的王府。府后有一独具特色的花园,名萃锦园,占地约三万平方米。花园东、南、西三面被马蹄形的土山环抱,园中景物别致精巧,是国家级重点文物保护单位。前部的府宅原为中国艺术研究院红楼梦研究所的工作场所,单位迁出后经重修现已对游客开放;恭王府的一部分现作为郭沫若故居也对游人开放。

庆王府

庆王府是北京现存王府中的一座。第一代庆王永璘为清乾隆皇帝第十七子,嘉庆皇帝的同母胞弟。老庆王府在前海西街路北,即和珅府的一部分。道光三十年庆王永璘的后人奕劻袭辅国将军。咸丰元年皇帝命奕劻由老王府迁至定阜大街原大学士琦善的宅第,按王府规制进行了大规模的改建,始称王府。这时的奕劻又在府内大兴土木,修建了万字楼和戏楼等处,府内建筑宏伟,面积广阔,分为五个大院,大小楼房近千间,朱红大门,高大的宫殿,只是屋顶为泥瓦而不是琉璃瓦,成为当时京城最华丽的王府之一。民国后为部队机关所征用。

钟鼓楼

钟鼓楼每到定更的时候是“先击鼓,后敲钟”;二更到五更的时候则“只撞钟不击鼓”;到了亮更时是“先击鼓后敲钟”。击鼓的方法是先快击18响,再慢击18响,共击6次,共108响。撞钟也是一样。

关岳庙

关岳庙在西城区鼓楼西大街149号。这里原是道光帝的第七子醇贤亲王庙。醇贤亲王庙于光绪十七年修建,至光绪二十五年建成。庙坐北朝南,分三进院落,其中中院又有东西跨院。中轴线依次为琉璃照壁,中门,外为八字墙,两旁各有一座琉璃门;中院内东有焚帛炉,西有祭器亭;正殿7间,殿前有月台一座,东西配殿各5间;后寝祠5间。建筑面积约3000多平方米。民国3年北洋政府在后寝祠塑关羽、岳飞像,并祀关岳,称关岳庙。

广化寺

广化寺位于什刹海北边的鸦儿胡同31号,是一座大型佛教寺院。广化寺始建于元代,传说是一高僧托钵化缘、筹措布施所建,寺亦因此得名。

银锭桥

银锭桥位于后海与前海之间,烟袋斜街南端的南北向的单孔石拱桥,因形似银锭而得名。天气好的时候,站在银锭桥上可以观赏到西山的美景。1920__年汪精卫在此谋刺摄政王载沣。这是北京最早的桥。

汇通祠

汇通祠位于德胜门西大街甲60号。明永乐年间由姚广孝建,名法华寺,又名镇水观音庵。清乾隆二十六年(1761年)重修,赐名汇通祠。祠建在什刹海西海的一个小土山上,四面环水,北为水关。祠坐北朝南。依次有山门一间,前殿三间及东西配殿各三间,后楼三间前抱厦一间及左右耳房各三间,东西配殿各三间,匾曰“潮音普觉”和“功兼利济”。祠内有清乾隆二十六年(1761年)立石的乾隆皇帝御制诗碑。

棍贝子府

棍贝子府位于新街口东街北侧,又称诚亲王(允祉)新府。《啸亭杂录》载:“诚亲王新府在蒋家房。”诚亲王旧府位于官园,因改赐慎郡王,故于蒋家房(新街口东街)建新府。雍正十年允祉卒后,其第七子弘暻继为府主。弘暻于雍正八年被封贝子,故此府又称固山贝子弘暻府(《宸垣识略》),清末至民国年间,此府被称棍贝子府。此府民国时期犹存。20世纪50年代改建北京积水潭医院,原有建筑绝大部分拆除,仅存三间卷棚歇山筒瓦顶的花厅,二幢硬山过垄脊的重楼,以及湖与假山。1989年8月1日,棍贝子府花园被列为西城区文物保护单位。

涛贝勒府

涛贝勒府在西城区柳荫街27号,西城区重点保护文物。这里原是康熙第十五子愉郡王王允嵎居住的愉王府,同治七年此府赐贝勒载滢,后载滢获罪,迁出此府光绪二十八年,醇贤亲王奕譞的第七子载涛过继给钟郡王奕詥为嗣,承袭贝勒爵,迁居于愉王府,作为贝勒府,称涛贝勒府。现存古建筑约1000平方米。坐北朝南,有门东向。分中路和东路及西路。中路有四进院落,东路亦有四进院,后三进院为三合院。西路只有前后3排房子,西为戏楼。南为花园,有长廊、亭、花厅、假山等。1920__年6月辅仁大学及附中设于涛贝勒府,原马圈及花园前空地建成辅仁大学主楼。涛贝勒府府邸改作原辅仁大学附中男生部校舍,1952年辅仁男中改为北京市第十三中学。

醇亲王府

醇亲王府位于后海北沿,前身是清初大学士明珠的宅第。乾隆五十四年封其十一子永理为成亲王,并将明珠府赐永理。随即按王府规制改建。此府传至毓橚时,被赐予醇亲王奕譞。奕譞的原王府在西城区太平湖东里(今中央音乐学院)。因光绪帝生于此府,成为潜邸,故光绪继位后醇王必须迁出。为区别,醇王原在太平湖的王府称南府,后海北沿的新王府称北府。北府坐北朝南。西部为王府花园,1949年后,进行了整治,是宋庆龄在京的住所(见宋庆龄故居)。东部是王府本身,分为东、中、西三路。中路是其主体建筑,自南而北,街门5间。1920__年汪精卫等在此附近策划炸摄政王,一时轰动全国。醇王府的一部分现为宋庆龄故居。

烟袋斜街

烟袋斜街在地安门以北,鼓楼前脸儿,有一条北京城最老的斜街,名叫烟袋斜街。这条街东北西南走向,大概有三百米长。当年,住在北城一带的旗人大都有抽旱烟或水烟的嗜好,于是城里的烟叶行业就发展起来了。

梅兰芳故居

梅兰芳故居位于西城区护国寺街9号的梅兰芳故居,原为庆亲王府的一部分。

郭沫若故居

郭沫若故居位于什刹海西岸前海西街18号,原是恭王府的马号,郭沫若于1963年至1978年逝世前在这里居住了20__年。这里是一处环境非常好的四合院,在名人故居中除了宋庆龄故居外,是比较好的一处四合院。[15]

宋庆龄故居

宋庆龄故居原是清醇亲王载沣的府邸花园,位于北京西城区后海北沿46号。这是一处典型的中国式庭院,幽静的园内假山叠翠,花木成荫,清澈的湖水,曲折环绕。新中国成立后,党和政府原计划为宋庆龄在北京专门修建一座住宅,但她却以国事百废待兴,一再逊谢。最后在周总理的亲自过问下,才借此王府花园,葺旧更新。宋庆龄于1963年迁居于此,在这里工作、学习和生活了近20__年直至1981年7月29日逝世。

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篇2:关于北京西山大觉寺导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 833 字

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现在咱们看见的这座大型照壁叫“九龙壁”,是用优质青石镌刻而成。“九龙壁”高4.2米,长15米,重60吨,上部是石梁石瓦;下盘为清式须弥莲花座;中间“九龙壁”用十一块高2.2米,宽1.3米的青石精雕细凿拼接而成,十一块青石拼接,不露隙缝,看上去像是在一整块青石上镌刻而成。九条青龙腾云跨风、盘旋翻滚,神志各异、栩栩如生,有欲上青天之势,充实表现了中华人的共同体的龙文化。“九龙壁”背面刻有《重建大觉寺记》。

现在有的游客可能着急啦!小王啊,你刚才还给我们留谜来者,你是不是忘啦!笑忘没忘,咱们现在就去揭秘神奇。现在咱们看见的西边这座楼阁式舍利佛塔叫海丰塔,大家再数一数他有多少层,(游客数塔的时候讲)海丰塔是鲁北平原灿烂文化的重要标志,是千年古县无棣厚重历史人类社会形态文化的象征。与沧州狮子东光县的铁菩萨同等名望,被誉为冀鲁三胜。大家都数完啦吧,咱们的海丰塔也是十三层。和前面的台阶相互呼应,再佛教当中,十三是非常高贵的,只有像佛祖这种级别的高层才有资格享用。由此可见我们的大觉寺可以说是佛教圣地。

海丰塔往南50米是海丰塔的旧塔基,当时由于各种原因没有挖掘,至于地宫中会有怎样的发现呢?我们和您一样的期待。等以后时机成熟,我们竭诚欢迎您再来无棣,看一看沉睡1360多年的佛教圣物。

线面咱们再去看一看西偏殿地藏殿这里供奉的是地藏王菩萨,因其“安忍不动犹如大地,静虑深密犹如地藏”,所以称“地藏王菩萨”,又因其“决心众生度尽方证菩提,地狱未空誓不成佛,”所以又称大愿菩萨。

东偏殿是观音殿正中供奉的是观音菩萨,其左右两侧分别是龙女和善财童子。据传观音下凡前已成佛,名慈航大士,由于人间疾苦之声直达天庭,她大发慈悲之心,请求佛祖甘愿下界救苦救难,于是她投胎作了妙庄国王的三公主——妙善,后来便有了女身菩萨像。

至此,咱们已游逛完了大觉寺,下面是自由活动时间,您可以爬爬塔,照照相,敲敲钟,击击鼓,当然也可以听小王讲讲那些海丰塔的故事。30分钟后,咱们门口集合,去参观吴式芬故居。

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篇3:北京故宫简介导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 670 字

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各位同学大家好,我是今天的小导游,我将陪伴大家共同游览北京故宫名胜景区,希望通过我的讲解,能够使您对北京故宫留下美好的印象,好,现在我们就开始今天的游览吧。

故宫过去叫紫禁城,它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(1420xx年)永乐十八年建成,占地面积72万多平方米,距今已有620xx年的历史。整个建筑群气势宏伟豪华,布局开阔对称,内外装饰壮丽辉煌,是我国古代建筑艺术的精华。1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿,称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子,就是天帝的儿子,他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”,这是其一,其二呢,皇帝居住的宫院,对寻常老百姓来说,是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来,所以就叫“紫禁城”。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统,共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过,统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半,实际上是8700多间,是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。在这些宫殿还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道,这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中

精心挑选出来的,在那些文物的背后,在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事,足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话,您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫,就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

这些年来,故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外,又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆,并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。

好了,我今天的讲解至此为此,谢谢大家的耐心倾听!

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篇4:北京周口店人遗址导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 411 字

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大家好,我是这次旅游的导游,我姓x,大家可以叫我x导!

现在快到目的地--北京天坛,所以我先给大家将一些注意事项:“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点,记得哦!

乘客们,旅游景点已到,请大家有秩序的下车!现在我们来到了天坛的正门,这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在,就让我一一地为大家介绍吧! 天坛,1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端,是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠,也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米,南北宽1600米,种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛,围墙分内外两层,呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形,南围墙与东西墙成直角相交,为方形。这种南方北圆,,通称“天地墙”,象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。

以上就是天坛的故事,时间不早了,现在,大家自由参观拍照吧!--转眼间,我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了,大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!

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篇5:北京明十三陵导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1633 字

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明朝建立于1368年,结束于1644年,统治时间长达277年,期间先后有16位皇帝在位,除第二位皇帝朱允文因‘靖难之役’战败,下落不明没有陵墓外,其他皇帝均有陵墓保存至今,经考古专家们的考证,明代帝陵共计6处18座,主要分布在湖北(湖北钟祥市--嘉靖皇帝父亲朱佑元兴献帝的显陵)、江苏(江苏南京钟山--明太祖朱元璋的孝陵,江苏盱眙--祖陵,朱元璋祖父朱初一的实葬地,曾祖父,高祖父的衣冠冢)、安徽(凤阳--朱元璋父母,兄嫂,侄子的明皇陵)、北京(景泰帝陵,明十三陵)四省市,下面来看一下我们今天参观的明十三陵。

明十三陵位于北京市昌平区天寿山脚下,领域面积120平方千米,四边群山环绕,由于山水的常年冲刷在这里形成了一个占地40平方千米的广袤盆地,山间明堂广大,风景秀丽,历代帝王大都认为帝业的兴衰多取于祖先墓地的好风水,所以十三陵的卜选历时2年的时间。明代的风水术士们,非常注重龙砂穴水向的相配关系,龙即指主山;砂是指由主山派生而出的其他山脉;水有界止龙气涛涛流逝的作用;所以又有‘大水横其前,小水夹左右’的说法。我们看到十三陵全景图上,温榆河的支流自西北直泻东南,每座皇陵前都有汉白玉的石桥,桥下流动的月牙河水即是小水,每座皇陵就掩映在这青山绿水中。1992年,在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中,专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20xx年7月,明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下:“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论,精心选址,将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物,体现了传统的建筑装饰思想,阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。

这十三座陵分别是长陵、献陵、景陵、裕陵、茂陵、泰陵、康陵、永陵、昭陵、定陵、庆陵、德陵、思陵。明十三陵的形成前后经历了235年,埋葬了明朝自永乐皇帝开始的13位皇帝和23位皇后,1位皇贵妃和数十位殉葬宫人,及7座妃子坟和1座太监陪葬墓。

十三陵是明成祖朱棣最早开始修建的。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子,明朝初期,被封为燕王,镇守北平,朱元璋死后,其孙朱允文即位,朱棣打着清君侧的旗号发兵南下,史称‘靖难之役’,4年后攻占南京,并且从当时的皇帝朱允文手中夺得了皇位,改年号为永乐。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝,当了皇帝以后仍然为了巩固明朝的统治而连年征战,在他所统治明朝的20xx年里,国库充实,政局稳定,他下令迁都北京,营建故宫,修筑长城,编纂《永乐大典》,以及派郑和七下西洋,都是他的卓越政绩。最后死于征战途中,可以说还是一位比较贤明的皇帝,虽然也犯过错:靖难之役,设置东厂。他的贤内助徐皇后,也就是明朝开国元勋魏国公徐达的女儿,是一位有中国古典美的女性,她曾经编写了《内训》和《劝善》,40岁病逝。长陵始建于1420xx年,在1420xx年全部建成,是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。值得一提的是葬入长陵的第一个人并不是朱棣,而是徐皇后。

为什么在北京建陵呢?政治方面还有战略方面(清朝的时候对明陵的保护)见书96页(1)

长陵修建的时间过程 见书96页(3) 参考

长陵的布局:是十三陵中规模最大,营造时间最长,保存得也最好的一座陵。

“前方后圆”的形制。见书102页(1)

长陵裬恩殿,是明代诸陵中唯一一座保存至今的裬恩大殿,也是我国木构建筑的珍贵遗物和杰出代表。裬恩殿是谒陵祭祀的场所,总面积为 1956平方米,可与故宫的太和殿相媲美。裬恩殿的主体建筑是六十根不加粉饰的金丝楠木大柱,高约十三米,直径一米左右,承托着重檐庑殿顶。殿内所有木质构件均为金丝楠木,地面使用金砖铺地,使宏伟壮观的金丝楠木大殿呈现出神秘的色彩。殿内有楠木立柱60根,其中32根为金丝楠木明柱,最大的直径1.17米、高14.3米。梁、柱、檩、椽、斗供等构件,也用楠木制作。历经500余年,仍牢固如初。这样宏伟的楠木建筑物,在我国已绝无仅有。

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篇6:2024年北京故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 688 字

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各位游客:

大家好!我是陈家烁,大家可以叫我陈导,也可以叫我小存。今天我领大家浏览的景点是北京故宫。现在,我为大家介绍一下北京故宫。

故宫位于北京市城区中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模最大,建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城,它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品9000个房间的庞大建筑群,成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。

各位朋友,我们接着往前走。瞧!这就是故宫的正门——午门,象征着正午的太阳光芒四射。大家请看!我们面前的是五座用汉白玉修成的石桥,它们象征着仁、义、礼、智、信五德,是皇帝集美好品质为一身的意思。

好!大家请往这边走。你们知道这个金碧辉煌的宫殿叫什么名字吗?答对了,这个宫殿就叫太和殿,这座大殿和其它建筑不同哦,太和殿是整座故宫里级别最高的建筑,它只有在皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用。因此,大家进入时要注意,不能踩门坎,男士左脚跨过,女士右脚跨过,进来的游客请继续听我讲解。太和殿高35米,东西长64米,总面积有2377平方米,有40多个教室那么大。大家请往上看,殿顶形式是最高等级的重檐庑殿顶,装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和凤凰,就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的。大家可以环顾一下四周,太和殿里的每样物品几乎都是“第一”。

游完了太和殿,我再带大家去参观保和殿。

这座保和殿是清代的国宴厅及科举考场。自从乾隆皇帝上任之后,这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。大家都知道,乾隆身边有一位大臣叫刘镛,他就是在这个保和殿考上状元呢!

故宫的浏览就到这里,大家对我的工作还满意吗?如果大家对我有什么建议的话,可以提出来,我会努力改进的。再见!

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篇7:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 445 字

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亲爱的旅客朋友们,你们好!我是这次旅程的导游,我姓张,你们可以叫我张导,今天我们要去的地方是北京故宫

现在我们在的位置是在故宫的门口,故宫位于北京市中心,也称紫禁城。这里曾居住过二十四个皇帝,是明清两代的皇宫,现为故宫博物院。

现在请大家顺着我的右手往这边走,这里是故宫的宫殿建筑。你们知道吗?故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大的.最完整的古建筑群,总面积达九万多平方米,有殿宇宫室9999间半,被称为殿宇之海。这建筑群气魄宏伟,富丽堂皇,极为壮观,无论是平面布局还是立体效果,都是无与伦比的。现在大家可以在这里休息一下,拍下照片,过个30分钟再走。

好了,大家跟着我继续向前走。故宫由一条中轴贯通南北,这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿.后三宫.御花园都位于这条中轴线上,现在我们所在的位置是故宫的角楼,角楼建造精巧美观。角楼周围环绕着高10米,长3400米的宫墙,墙外有52米宽的护城河。大家仔细地看看。

朋友们,因为时间仓促,这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

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篇8:北京景点的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2269 字

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"季节轮回,难耐我们回归自然之心。”不知您在这里听了这句话是否感到亲切。愿大家此时把工作的疲劳和生活的烦恼抛到九霄云外,同我一起沐浴大自然的慷慨与激情。今天由我为大家做沿途解说,首先我代表幽谷神潭的全体员工欢迎各位的到来,如果大家在游玩过程中有什么不解的问题,请向我提出,我会尽全力给您一个满意的答复。

首先展现在我们面前的是一个巨大的游泳池,池中水是流动的春天然矿泉水,此水全部是由山顶流下来的,山上长满了许多珍贵的野生药材,比如柴胡、山姜、百合、白芍……因此水中溶入了许多药材的汁液,所以在此游泳清凉自在、身上爽滑,且有祛病健身等功效。

各位朋友,不知当您进入峡谷,是否感觉清爽之气扑面而来,当您漫步在石筑的小路上,举头仰望两岸高岩壁立,郁郁苍苍,山石由近而远,加上谷中纵横的溪流,淙淙作响,是否让您的精神为之大振呢?

现在引入您眼帘的是一块巨大的石头架在两石之上形成一个拱门,上书“通天门”,巧妙地把人文精神融化在大自然地鬼斧神工之中。顺着我地手往上看,巨大的岩壁酷似一张山神的脸,长长的鼻梁、紧闭着的嘴、双眼一开一闭着,张开的眼关切着进入幽谷神潭的人们,守护着您的安全,闭着的眼告诉人们它并不在意您扰了山神的清净。

这条峡谷共有2.5公里的路程,涧中处处有水,而且山有多高水便有多高,有水就有鱼,让您感到大自然那充满灵动的神韵。

为了您在登山过程中,不感到疲劳和空虚,除了能感受大自然的神韵外,也能欣赏到人为艺术,所以我们请了各地有名的石匠在此雕刻了一些书法篆刻和古代岩画。这一组“渐入佳境”不正是在督促您向上走,里面的景色会更美。

在您的周围,有各式各样的石头,形象万千,独具特色,比如趴在消息里的那只小龟,正做正向上攀登的动作,传说它从谷里被冲下来,至今已有数万年之久了,悠闲自在的趴在那里,究竟是什么原因导致它被冲到这里能?请您随我一起祛寻找答案。

人有“三分长相,七分打扮”一言,那么景也就有“三分象,七分想”一说,大家请回头随我手指的方向看“卧虎岭”好似真的一只头向西的大老虎在那趴着,传说是玉皇大帝派遣在这里的“守山之王”。

这里有一块巨大的“探头石”,形成了一个天然的屋檐,由于夏天雨水过多,所以将这个圆柱立在了下面,让游客在此歇脚时有一定的安全感。

朋友们,想尝试一下“高空飞人”的感觉吗?我们景区一九九八年八月份开发了这项人工娱乐设施——“高空速滑”,其娱乐性、刺激性强,但有惊无险,如果朋友们有兴趣的话可以亲身体验一下。

在大家眼前的是一个深约3米,宽约2米的深沟,沟里长着一些绿色的苔藓,不时从石缝里流出一股清泉。传说这里曾经是鲶鱼精的洞穴,它经常危害方圆百姓,兴风作浪,引起玉皇大帝的愤怒,于是下令雷公捕杀它,为百姓除害,鲶鱼精受了伤躲进洞穴,至今血还残留在洞穴里,那股清泉冲刷到现在,也不能冲去它的罪恶。

面前者谭不及其清澈见底,忠心希望人余人直间底情谊就象这“情深似水”潭,至于这个名字的由来请大家随我往前走,顺着我手指的方向看,听我讲一个感人而又悲伤的故事,这只大龟在努力向上爬的同时头却朝向谷口,而在它的保护下,她的孩子横卧着,将头藏在妈妈的脖子下,原本山下谷口那只小龟也应在妈妈身旁,只因在雷公捕杀鲶鱼精的时候,当晚雷鸣电闪、风雨交加,吓坏了母龟和它的两个孩子,为了躲避这场灾难,母龟便托住小龟,往山顶跑,突然,在它身边的一只小龟不留神踩到一块散的石头,便掉了下来,又随着汹涌的河水被冲到了谷底。大龟的头就这样一直冲谷口望去,望她那失散多年的孩子,眼泪掉了一遍又一遍,积成了一个潭,人们为之感动,起名为“情深似水”潭,潭里的眼泪流向谷底,冲到小龟的身体,也寄托了母亲的思念,真可谓“儿行千里母担忧,母行千里儿不愁”。

在往前走又一块大石头挡住了我们的视线,“换了人间”四个大字刻在其上,绕过此石到清凉谷,请大家暂时溶入这自然之中,尽情享受人家最美的境界。走到这儿我们暂停脚步,这里树木茂盛且凉爽,由此梯而上,是一巨大平台,周围树荫遮掩、清风吹拂,坐在上面,望着满谷的秀美,心都醉了。

现在展现在大家眼前的就是幽谷神潭的奇景之一的“飞瀑”。高百尺,上下两叠,上叠侧峰壁立之间,奔腾的山泉如蛟龙出谷,协风带雾,杂在下叠的花岗岩上,浪花飞溅,满谷轰鸣,而后由慢撒在鳞片状的崖壁上,形成一副书迷宽的水帘,飘飘洒洒一泻数丈,形成飞瀑奇观,其中最深处在3.4米,虽然没有李白那“飞流只下三千里,疑是银河落九天”之壮观,但其秀美也乐在其中了。

俗话说“不到长城非好汉”,那么在这里我要对大家说的是“不到神潭更遗憾”。走过这一关便是“神潭”,登天梯乐趣无穷,有惊无险,当您站在天梯顶转头向谷底了望,两侧的山峰耸立,中间那条小路就像一条卧龙向上蠕动,冲着谷口大声喊,会让您的心情更加舒畅。

现在大家看到的便是著名的“神潭”。潭方百尺,最深处达8米多,上接飞瀑,下引清流,远观上下两条瀑布如双龙含珠,更为神奇的是自上而下为一整块灰白色的天然花岗岩冲击而成的,但何以能冲成这么深的一个潭,也是令人不解的。在潭水静时,虽然有8米深,确清澈见底,潭底一闪一闪的是硬币,每一枚都代表了游客的一个心愿,潭中小鱼悠哉游哉,潭口阔而潭底小,象脸盆状,水质很高,属纯天然矿泉水。

传说这里有只神龟,是专管人间阴晴雨雪之事,所以当地百姓敬潭如神,有祈雨的仪式流传至今。在大旱时方圆几十里百姓到神潭旁的“祈雨神庙”中祈雨,人员为男性,光着上身,扛两只羊,提着一个铜酒壶,祭祀完毕,从神潭汲半壶水,这水不能动,待下雨后再把水倒回潭中,据说及其灵验,常常在归途中便有大雨。

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篇9:北京景山公园的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 488 字

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景山公园北京有名的风景区之一,很多游客去北京旅游,都会去参观景山公园。以下是第一范文网小编整理的北京景山公园景区导游词,欢迎参考,更多详细内容请点击第一范文网查看。

跨入景山公园的大门,“蝴蝶展”,这三个字立刻吸引了我的眼球,我拉着爸爸妈妈走进了蝴蝶展的展区。五颜六色的蝴蝶在展区里飞舞,犹如一个个美丽的仙子正在欢迎游客们的到来。有的蝴蝶在进食,有的蝴蝶在休息,还有的蝴蝶在采蜜,快乐极了!

我们沿着弯弯曲曲的小路,来到了一片荷花池。荷花池里的荷叶像是一把把翠绿色的雨伞。给池塘里的小鱼遮阳,一朵朵粉红色的荷花亭亭玉立,一阵风吹过,荷花还会随风舞动,宛如一位婀娜多姿的舞者,尽情享受着舞蹈带给它的乐趣。

我们继续向前走,来到了一片茂密的树林,笔直的树就像训练有素的战士一样,守卫着这美丽的景高山公园,你瞧!一只小鸟正在一棵树上休息,人们的耳边还不时传来几声鸟叫,鸟叫时而快,时而慢,时而欢快,时而低沉,仿佛是一首感情鲜明的交响曲。向人们的到来表示欢呼、欢迎。

时间一分一秒地过去了,傍晚的晚霞渐渐露出了它的笑脸,我们依依不舍地离开了景山公园,回想着那些美丽的情景,真是让人意犹味尽。

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篇10:北京旅游点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:旅游,导游,全文共 2280 字

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尊敬的各位考官!您好!我是考生_X,我已经准备好了,可以开始了么!

各位游客朋友,大家好!欢迎大家来到颐和园参观游览。我是此次颐和园之行的导游员小赵,我很荣幸陪同大家一起参观游览,下面将由我来为大家讲解颐和园。

我们现在正在去往颐和园的路上,利用这一段时间,我向大家简短的介绍一下颐和园的历史以及现在的状况。

最早在辽金时代的时候,皇帝就已经开始在北京修建皇家园林了。当时在今天的万寿山昆明湖一带修建了金山行宫,将这里称为金山、金山泊。到了元朝,有将这改名为翁山、翁山泊。而明代初期则改称西湖并修建了园静寺,命名为好山园。到了万历是十六年,也就是1588年,这里已经具有一定的园林规模,享有“十里山行画里,双飞白鸟似江南”的称誉。然而让这里真正成为一处皇家园林的是清代。在康熙年间就曾在此修建行宫,到了乾隆十四年到二十九年,也就是1749-1764年,就在原来的基础上修建了清漪园,扩湖,推山,将湖称为昆明湖,山叫做万寿山。而且这里还成了著名的三山五园之一。和我国古代的大多数皇家建筑一样,这里也没能躲过入侵者的践踏,在1860年这里被英法联军抢掠并且烧毁了。过了一些年,慈禧太后挪用了海军经费对这里进行了重建,而且光绪皇帝下昭将这里改名为颐和园。可是在1900年的时候,颐和园又再次遭到了八国联军的严重破坏。从此之后对这里所进行的重修,因为财力不足,所以后山部分长期都没有修复。到了1912年,依照清室的优待条件,颐和园仍然掌握在逊帝溥仪手中。过了两年,这里曾作为他的私人财产一度开放,但是因为交通不便票价昂贵等原因,没什么人来。在1924年溥仪被逐出颐和园后,北洋政府将这里正式改为对外开放的公园。1948 年12月,人民政府接受这里后,经过综合治理,仍然保持着其皇家园林的风貌。而且这里还成为了世界上造景丰富、建筑集中、保存最完整的皇家园林。

我们即将所看到的颐和园共占地290公顷,其中陆地四分之一,水面达到了四分之三。根据皇家园林建园的用途和特点,可将颐和园景区分为政治活动区,帝后生活区和风景游览区三个部分。

我们面前这座雄伟的建筑就是仁寿殿。其实在乾隆年间的时候,规定凡是当朝的大殿就要叫做“勤政殿”,意思是游园不要忘了勤理政务。到了颐和园的时候,便将这里改为仁寿殿,取自孔子论语中的“仁者寿”,意思是施仁政的人可以长寿。现在,仁寿殿的陈设和原状是基本一致的。殿内的地平床上有九龙宝座。它后面还设有紫檀木九龙屏风,屏风以紫檀木为框架,雕有九条闹龙,中心是玻璃镜,镜面上写有226个不同写法的寿字。在宝座四周,还设有掌扇,角端等。其中角端是传说中异兽,实际用处其实就是香炉。而殿内两侧的暖阁,是慈禧光绪还有王宫大臣休息的地方,当中有一幅百蝠图的缂丝工艺品,中间还有一个慈禧亲笔写的寿字,因为蝠与福同音,所以这幅工艺品也被称为百福捧寿。这个玻璃风景台屏是用翠鸟的羽毛粘制而成的,大家可以看到,这个乾隆年间的作品虽然历经二百多年可是还是色彩依旧。

接着往前走,我们就来到了乐寿堂。乐寿是出自《论语》中“智者乐,仁者寿”,意思是说,这里就是仁者智者居住的地方。乐寿堂是生活区里的主要建筑,在乾隆年间,这里是乾隆母亲纽钴禄氏居住在这里,光绪年间,慈禧太后就住在这里。通过了水木自亲,也就是乐寿堂的正门,我们也就进入了庭院。可以看到在庭院中陈设了很多的东西。铜鹿、铜鹤、铜花瓶,分别借鹿、鹤、瓶的谐音,取意“六合太平”,意思是天下太平。园内还种植有玉兰、海棠、牡丹,取意“玉堂富贵”。中间的这块太湖石,因为形状像灵芝,所以叫做“青芝岫”。其实它还有个名字叫做败家石,这是因为在明朝有个人非常喜欢石头的人叫米万钟,在房山看中了这块石头,要将它放入海淀的勺园当中,可是在因为种.种不利因素,推托说耗尽财力,将它丢在了路边,后来,乾隆皇帝在从清西陵返回京城的途中看到了这块石头,所以将它运到乐寿堂。在乐寿堂殿内有以玻璃镜子为中心的紫檀木屏风,上边还镶嵌有贝雕饰物。镏金九桃大熏炉是用来焚烧檀香的,起到调节室内空气的作用。桌子上的两个青花大瓷盘是清代青花瓷的代表作,用来盛放水果供慈禧观赏和闻香气。在殿内东西两侧还有百鸟朝凤,孔雀开屏两副坐屏,都是粤绣精品。殿顶悬挂的五彩玻璃吊灯,是1903年从德国进口的,它是我国早期的电灯之一,发电机安装在文昌阁附近。在慈禧太后吃点心和品茶的时候,还可以观赏鱼桌,它是以金星紫檀木坐框架,镶有玻璃台面,桌子里边还镶嵌着用珍贵材料镂空雕琢的山水人物和亭台楼阁,密封性良好,可以养金鱼。殿内“慈晖懿祉”的匾额意思是:受母后之深恩,托母后之洪福。

从这里出来,我们就走上了连接万寿山与昆明湖的长廊。它东起邀月门,西止石丈亭,全长728米,共273间。由于长廊的地基是随着万寿山地势高低而起伏的,所以廊身的走向是以昆明湖北岸的弯曲而变化的,在地势高低和变向的连接点上,还建有四个亭子代表春夏秋冬,分别是留佳寄澜秋水和清遥,设计十分的巧妙。长廊是我国园林中最长的游廊,也有画廊之称。这是因为在廊中共有苏式彩绘1.4万多幅,而且很少重复。其中有关于西湖风光的546幅,是乾隆十五年建造长廊时,命人到杭州临摹回来画上的。人物画多采用了我国古典文学名著,比如《西游记》、《三国演义》、《红楼梦》等等,所设计的内容时间跨度非常大,从三皇五帝到清朝,上下五千年,可以说的上是我国文化史的一个缩影,在1900年的时候,这里被《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》评为全球画廊之冠。

关于颐和园的介绍就为大家讲到这里,现在大家可以自由参观一下,按照计划的时间回到这里,祝大家玩得愉快。

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篇11:北京天坛导游词怎么写

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 562 字

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大家好,我就是大家今天的导游,大家可以叫我“小夏”或“夏导”。今天能成为你们的向导,我感到莫大的荣幸。希望大家玩的开心。今天我们去天坛游赏。天坛是古代皇帝的祭台。在每年的春天,皇帝会在这里祈求风调雨顺,五谷丰登;每年冬天,皇帝会在这里举行祭祖仪式;如果遇上旱季,皇帝还会来这里求雨。天坛的主要建筑是祈年殿。祈年殿是一个雄伟的建筑,高38.2米,直径24.2米。游客们,让我们走进祈年殿细细观赏吧!祈年殿分为三层,越向上越窄。每一层都有着碧蓝碧蓝的琉璃瓦,三层密密麻麻的琉璃瓦闪着耀眼的蓝光,从而体现出了天的至高无上。三层琉璃瓦下面是分布在四面八方的一扇扇深红色做工精细的门和一根根笔直笔直的红柱子。祈年殿的地基是用建筑中最好的玉---汉白玉一刀一刀地雕刻出来的。汉白玉上,还有一个个精美绝伦、活灵活现的龙头。远远望去,整座底基就好像一朵洁白无瑕的白云,美丽极了。

游客们,请往这边看。现在我们的周围是不是有一圈强?知道它是什么吗?它就是有趣的回音壁。回音壁墙体光滑,是声波的良好反射体。而且圆周率精确,所以声波可沿着墙面连续反射,向前传播。如果对着回音壁喊一声,然后将耳朵紧贴着墙壁,就可以听见一声一声的回音。游客们,让我们去感受一下回音壁的乐趣吧!

今天的天坛风光游览我们就要说再见了。如果还要去别的地方游览,可一定要找我呀!

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篇12:导游词北京故宫

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3584 字

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女士们、先生们:

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了14年的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高

9.9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五凤楼。明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节日,都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于“推出午门斩首”的说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有的在午门廷杖,当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

现在我们已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大的面积上,集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群,不但没有纷杂现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉,最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红,这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正,前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子,威严,凶悍,成了门前桥头的守卫者,象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子,门前的狮子自然最精美,最高大了。东边立的为雄狮,前爪下有一只幼狮,象征皇权永存,千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河,叫金水河,起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓,中轴线就是箭,这表明皇帝受命于天,代天帝治理国家。

(在太和门前)

故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”,以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿,左右对称,形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上,殿基高8米,分为三层,每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕,三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿,是故宫最高大的一座建筑物,也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”,建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫,交泰殿、坤宁宫,是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所,东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外,河上有白玉石桥,沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆,形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶,在阳光下金碧辉煌,庄严美观。

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外,还用了各种手法,使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理,殿顶的形式,吻兽和垂脊兽的数目,彩绘图案的规制等等。这样,不仅使主要建筑更显得高大,壮观,而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半,

说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间,地上的皇帝自称“天子”,不敢与其同数,所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间,所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间,面积虽小,仅能容纳一个楼梯,但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方,为了照顾布局上的美观,所以把西头一间建造的格外小。

(经过太和门之后)

女士们、先生们,前面的大殿叫太和殿,俗称金銮殿,是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米,重檐庑殿顶,是殿宇中最高等级,为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上,由汉白玉雕成,离地8余米,下层台阶21级,中,上层各9级。

太和殿始建于公元1406年,经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏,现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物,原来是钉子,用来固定瓦片用的,后来换成了神话传说中的动物,据说可以辟邪,而且数量越多,表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个,9是阳之极数,依次为7、5、3、1,平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。

明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基,宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等,皇帝都要在这里举行仪式,接受文武百官朝贺。

这个广场是太和殿广场,面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木,空旷宁静,给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路,左右地面铺的砖横七竖八,共15层,以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸,是做什么用的呢?在故宫里一共有308个大缸,是用来储水防炎的,缸下可烧炭加温,防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去:蓝天之下,黄瓦生辉。层层石台,如同白云,加上香烟缭绕,整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时,殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛,香亭、香炉烧檀香,露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝,殿前两侧香烟缭绕,全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时,鼓乐齐鸣,文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场,仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁,以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。

清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时,年仅3岁,由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差,突然鼓乐齐鸣,吓得小皇帝哭闹不止,嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗,只好哄着小皇帝说:“别哭,别哭,快完了,快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥,说来也巧,3年后清朝果真就灭亡了,从而结束了我国20xx多年的封建统治。

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篇13:介绍北京的英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 18564 字

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he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

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篇14:最新的北京孔庙导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 740 字

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各位游客们,大家好!我叫张小新,是带领大家参观孔庙导游。大家可以叫我张导,也可以直接喊我的名字。孔子有句名言:“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。”今天,我有幸为各位担任导游,十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务,不足之处,请批评指正。

另外,为了避免发生意外,给大家提几点要求:一要守时,不要让大家等你自己;二要注意安全,小心地滑;三要讲究卫生,爱护环境;三要注意保护文物,不要乱涂乱画。好,下面就请大家跟我游览孔庙。

孔庙是我国历代封建王朝祭祀孔子的庙宇,位于曲阜城中央。它是一组具有东方建筑特色、规模宏大、气势雄伟的古代建筑群。与故宫和避暑山庄并称为中国三大古建筑群。

孔庙又名“至圣庙”,这是对孔子最高的称呼。

请大家跟我进入“圣时门”,这是孔庙的正门。圣时,比喻孔子的思想是适合时代的。

大家请看前面三架拱桥,因“壅水环绕如璧”,故名“璧水桥”。故宫有金水桥,此有璧水桥。

我们经过弘道门、大中门、同文门就到了奎文阁。奎文阁是孔庙的主体建筑之一,以藏书丰富,建筑独特而驰名。现在这里是个小书店,喜欢读书的朋友可以去买书。现在自由活动十分钟,然后我们去大成殿。

现在我们看到的就是大成殿。大成殿重檐九脊,黄瓦飞甍,雕梁画栋,气势雄伟。大成殿四周廊下环立着28根石雕龙柱。最为引人瞩目的是前檐的10根深浮雕龙柱,每柱二龙对翔,盘绕升腾,中刻宝珠,雕刻玲珑剔透,龙姿栩栩如生,无一雷同,堪称我国石刻艺术中的瑰宝,充分显示了我国劳动人民的聪明才智。大成殿内金碧辉煌,有大型神龛9座,17座塑像,居中的一座即是孔子。大成殿前露台过去是祭孔时舞蹈奏乐的地方。大成殿是孔庙的主殿,和故宫太和殿、岱庙宋天贶殿并称东方三大殿。

好了,孔庙就参观到这里,朋友们可以拍照留念,然后去参观孔府。欢迎朋友们再来!再见!

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篇15:北京恭王府英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1121 字

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葆光室与锡晋斋之间有垂花门,上悬天香庭院匾额。垂花门南有竹圃,北有西府海棠两棵。锡晋斋是恭王府西路院落最北端的正房。锡普斋原名庆颐堂,俗称楠木房。有东西配房各五间,东房名为乐古斋,西房名为尔尔斋。庆颐堂据说缘起于乾隆所赐“庆颐良辅”匾额。和坤修建庆颐堂时模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫,面阔7间,前有庑廊,后出抱厦5间,平面呈凸字形。正中厅内东西北三面为两层暗楼,楼内的碧纱橱槛窗、栏杆等捕木装修,雕饰精美细致。其外檐柱的鼓形柱础,与承德普宁寺大乘阁的形制相同。嘉庆皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时,和坤罪状第十三款中的“所盖捕木房屋,僭侈逾制,隔断式样皆仿宁寿宫制度”,即指此而言。恭亲王入住后把这里作为书房和文物收藏处所。而锡晋斋这个名称,一说是恭亲王奕?得到晋朝陆机的《平复帖》后所起;另一说是小恭王溥伟所起。这是王府府邸最精美的建筑。走到西路的最北端了,下面我们要到这王府府邸的后罩楼去看看。

后罩楼位于府邸和花园的衔接处,50多间房屋连成一排,达160多米长。这座朱楼是国内王府类建筑中最长的楼,被形容为“99间半房子”。后罩楼东部为瞻霁楼,西部为宝约楼。西端的5间房俗称“小迷宫”,这里有国内惟一的室内园林景观,两个楼层之间去除楼板,将亭台楼阁和假山溪流等搬进屋里。这几间室内花园将楼上楼下通连在一起,山石叠砌,可上可下,瀑布飞泻,亭台楼阁和小桥流水都非常精致。

此楼前檐出廊,后檐墙上每间上各开一窗,上层为形式各异的什锦窗,窗口砖雕精细,楼梯原为木假山形。楼中间偏西一间的下层有过道门,通向府后的花园。那么现在就让我们去王府后花园领略一番吧。

站在府邸与花园间的箭道上,远望王府后罩楼,是不是格外有气势呢?那么接下来,您将要游览的就是被称为“人间仙府”的恭王府花园。

60年代,周总理和红学专家周汝昌先生来到恭王府视察,走到景色迷人的种有一大片丝竹的潇湘院时,周先生提出潇湘院是不是红楼梦原型的说法。总理一看这个院子这么好,当时就产生了修缮开放的想法,目的是让人民了解中国古代的历史和文化。在当时文化部谷牧先生的主持下,恭王府花园部分在上世纪80年代时就正式开放了。

恭王府花园又称“萃锦园”,位于什刹海西侧的柳荫街,是北京城内数十座王府花园中规模最大、保存最好的,也是目前北京惟一一处以花园的名义对公众开放的王府。花园南北长约150米,东西宽170余米,占地约2.8万平方米,有古建筑30余处。此园后来的主人恭亲王奕忻为了重建花园曾调集百名能工巧匠,融江南园林风格与北方建筑格局为一体,汇中西建筑元素于一园,使之成为京师数十座王府之冠,可以称之“人间神仙府,什刹海的明珠”。恭王府花园布局精巧,景色宜人,有学者说它是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》中大观园的原型。

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篇16:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 325 字

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各位游客,大家好。希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间,进深5间,外有廊柱,殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米,殿内净空高达14米,宽63米,面积2377平方米,为全国最大的木构大殿。

我再给大家介绍介绍其它的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿,是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处,由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。

现在大家可以自由参观,可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。

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篇17:2024年北京景点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 440 字

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各位游客们:

大家好!我叫张豪乾,大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我张导就行了,很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。 北京故宫位于北京市中心,是明清两代的皇宫,故宫有称为“紫禁城”。

故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大,西东宽750米,南北长960米,占地72万平方米,建筑积15万多平方米,有房屋1000多间,是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门,你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥为什么是五座,而不是七座、八座,甚至十座呢?原来,古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点,所以才是五座石桥的。

桥上有上百根石柱,柱子上刻着无数的小狮子,那么多的小狮子,有的颔首低眉,好像是忧闷而不开心的样子,有的张牙武爪,好像是展示自己的威武。 故宫的御花园,原名宫后椀,占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心,园林建筑采用石砖来修建,左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭,每年重阳节,皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会,休息一下,你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点,注意卫生和安全。

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篇18:北京天坛导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 345 字

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今天我苏彪,带你们来游览一下我国著名的天坛

我国天坛建于公元15世纪上半叶,坐落在皇家园林当中,四周杏松环保,是保存完好的坛庙建筑群,无论再整体布局还是单一建筑群上,到反映出天地之间的关系,而这一关系在中国古代宇宙观中占着核心位置。同是,这些建筑还体现出帝王将相在这一关系中所起的独特作用。

天坛位于北京市崇文区永定门内大街左侧,是明清两代帝王祭天祈谷、夏至祈雨、冬至祭雪的圣地。

天坛主要建筑均位于内坛,从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南呈圆形,以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构,都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰收的场所,是一座三重檐的圆形大殿,高38米,直径32.72米,蓝色琉璃瓦屋顶,全砖木结构,没有大梁长檩,全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑,在造型上具有高度的艺术价格。

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篇19:最新的北京孔庙导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 9551 字

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Beijing AnDingMen article in guozijian street, also known as cheng Yin street. The street is a total of four originalre building a type of coloured drawing or pattern, in the qing dynasty is the arched most preserved street in Beijing. Locust trees on both side of the street, blotting out the sun shade, sophora japonica fragrance. Beijing Confucian temple is situated at the eastern end of the street.

Confucius temple is sacrifice famous thinker, educator, Confucius temple world culture celebrities, has a long history.

Beijing Confucian temple was built in the yuan, a teacher for six years (1302 AD), yuan, a teacher for ten years (1306 AD) built, begun to take shape. Ming jiajing nine years (1530 AD) built the footprints temple, dedicated to Confucius five generations of ancestors. Qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) the expansion of the dacheng hall, Confucius into todays scale. The entire Confucius temple watching operas.it comprises three courtyards, covers an area of about 220xx square meters, the main body construction along the central axis, bilateral symmetry of the traditional Chinese architectural layout. In the long history of more than 700 years, it became a yuan, Ming and qing three generations of rulers Kong Chongru, promoting education, the main context of the holy land, has become many aim at of intellectuals worship hall of fame. This group is old than the imperial palace imperial buildings concentrated the essence of Confucian culture in one thousand, frozen for a period of hundreds of years of imperial examination. In a hall with high ceiling of the chung chi towering cooper, stone forest, Confucius temple, from the noise of the city, touch the pulse of the history, culture, with quiet indifferent heart to feel an extensive and profound Chinese traditional culture, it is a activity.

Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation. The Confucius temple building scientific layout, scale, highlights the royal style.

Past the door (also called lingxingmeng door) is the Confucius temple gate, width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door.

Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation of the 8th century BC Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics of print, resembles that of words and profound poetic only knowledgeable Confucius was able to fully understand. First into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.

The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade six years (AD 1302), was destroyed by fire, after the Ming yongle nine years (AD 1411) reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) to the temple from 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, inside the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the tallest building in feudalism society of China, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. "Dacheng temple consecrate Confucius holy king wen xuan" whore, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet. A god lead the case on set, respect, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are qing qianlong drive makes the real thing. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor of the book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.

The third into the yards most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Building the Ming jiajing nine years (AD 1530), the qing qianlong emperor two years (AD 1737) rebuilt, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.

Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.

Confucius temple after 700 years of history culture, precious cultural relics of a legacy, become a important historical research of ancient Chinese imperial examinations and Confucius Confucianism and in-kind.

In Confucius temple first into the yard on both sides of the imperial way is divided into four parts with 198 tall title jinshi stone, three of the yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, 77, 118 in the qing dynasty. The title jinshi stone engraved on the yuan, Ming and qing three generations of names, native places, imperial jinshi in all the subjects, a total of 51624 people. In numerous jinshi we know celebrities such as Ming dynasty etiquette of zhang juzheng, patriotic star Yu Qian, Yuan Chonghuan, scientists present YanSong rape, to learn in the qing dynasty outstanding yu ji xiaolan, liu2 yong and modern celebrity Liu Chunlin, shen junru and so on. Shuttle in the time span for hundreds of years in the forest of steles, stroke want mottled itself, look up at BeiMian has been vague on the handwriting, not let a person a "jiangshan generation have fell out, all the excellences for hundreds of years".

Between the Confucian temple and guozijian ancient royal (university) in the way, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi an forest of steles forest of steles. Ho-shen, wangjie legend emperor qianlong emperor nominees for President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, highly praised by emperor qian long, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in ones hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces.

On the west side of central courtyard okimichi have seen through. Composed of green petals Wells, stone well. Because is located on the waterline okm, stable door area, the well water often overflow to the mouth of the well, water quality pure palate, legend has it the highest for people after greeting Confucius after all want to drink the water in the well, it is said that after drinking can be inspired, flair, write a good article. With well water ink, 4 excessive, write the word mo xiang pen smoothly. So the qianlong emperor "name inkstone lake. Although now borehole water level is low, there is no one to drink, but the name of the well refined atmosphere and moving legends, added a bit of Confucius literary grace.

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篇20:经典北京导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 449 字

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在阜成门外,东临钓鱼台,西到三环路,东西长约1.7公里,占地面积 137公顷,其中一半为水面,湖水荡漾。绿树成荫。为北京近郊较大公园之一。《明一统志》载:“玉渊潭在府西,元时郡人丁氏故池,柳堤环抱,景气萧爽,沙禽水鸟多翔集其间,为游赏佳丽之所。”由于这里地势低洼,西山一带山水汇积于此。清乾隆三十八年(1773年)浚治成湖,以受香山新开引河上水。又在下口建闸,俾资蓄泄湖水,合引河水由三里河达阜成门之护城河。东部建有行宫。后湖淤塞,杂草丛生。解放后,配合永定河引水工程,在旧湖南边挖了一个约10公顷的新湖,状如葫芦,名八一湖。下游建有实验水电站一座。新旧二湖东西两端相联,既可引水,又能蓄水.1960年密云水库修建后,引水工程南端,由昆明湖到玉渊潭的引水渠,在罗道庄与永定河引水渠相汇,同经玉渊潭流入护城河。近年来大力建设公园,修了环湖路,在园内还建了游廊点景建筑,逐步丰富园容。玉渊潭不仅是景色宜人,环境清幽,树木茂密,为西郊盛暑纳凉、游泳、划船的场所;而且在北京水利工程上起着引水、调洪的作用。

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