英文导游词的创作与讲解【20篇】

In the year 1893, James Hilton described an eternally peaceful and quiet place among mountains in the East—— "Shangri-La" in one of his novels for the first time. In the novel "Lost Horizon", an English diplomat Conway and his brother Gorge scattered the English citizens and helped them leave the dangerous region. On their way home,their plane washijackedand fell down into the mountain in the an region. Some lucky survivors were taken to Shangri-la where Conway found lots of fantastic things in such a state founded nearly 200 years ago, in which the local people lived up to more than one hundred years old and lived peacefully and harmoniously with the other people, animals and everything here. The place was called "Shangri-La" by the local folks。

James Hilton located "Shangri-La" in a mysterious valley which was surrounded by snowcapped mountains; near where there were snow-clad peaks, blue lakes, broad grassy marshlands, and lamaseries, Buddhist nunneries, mosques, Catholic Church, the human beings and the nature were in perfect harmony, several religions and varies of nationalities exited at the same time; the temples looked splendid in green and golden; though people contacted the outer world by caravan for a long time, many foreign experts and scholars had come here to investigate and remained much relics……

Obviously, that is not only a beautiful scenery, but also a kind of artistic conception.

With the novel and the film coming out, Shangri-La became very famous in western countries. Later, a Chinese named Guo Huonian used the name of this place and set up "Shangri-La" Hotel Group which has become one of the most successful hotel group in the world.

At the same time, people didn’t give up looking for the legendary Shangri-La. Up to the end of this century, they finally have found——

After inspecting and proving on many aspects, people found that Diqing Prefecture, the only an region in Yunnan, China, has striking similarity with what’s described in the tale regarding either on natural scenery or people’s way of living. Therefore, the name of "Diqing?ǎShangri-La" spreads worldwide.

请大家跟我一起离开宾阳三洞拾级而上，现在我们看到的就是万佛洞。万佛洞的形状是方形平顶，顶上雕一莲花藻井，因洞内刻有15000尊佛像，又叫“万佛洞”。该洞主尊名阿弥陀佛，有圆光和身光，结跏跌坐在印覆莲束腰须弥座上，一手贴身斜举胸前，一手抚膝。原洞外除浮雕的二力士之外，还有两尊石狮，即龙门唐代浮雕的精品，在30年代被盗。现存于美国波士顿艺术博物馆和堪萨斯城纳威尔逊艺术博物馆内。

请大家跟我继续前行，现在我们来到了莲花洞。这里为什么叫“莲花洞”呢?这是因为洞顶雕有大型飞天环绕的大莲花藻井图案而得名。莲花是佛教象征的名物，意为出淤泥而不染。因此，佛教石窟顶藻井多以莲花为饰，但像这样大型的莲花，雕刻的如此精美，在龙门石窟中这不多见。此洞开凿于北魏孝昌年间即公元526—528年前后，属于北魏后期作品。此洞高6.10米，深6.15米，主尊释迦高6米(为立佛)。两侧为胁侍菩萨，佛与菩萨之间，为侍立的伽叶、阿难二弟子。

朋友们，再登几十步台阶就到奉先寺了，龙门石窟最大的佛像就在这个寺内，奉先即奉供祖先之意。奉先寺是龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精、气势最磅礴、最具有代表性的重要洞窟。

奉先寺东西深约40米，南北宽约36米，其建造时间，据有关资料和专家推测，约始建于武则天被立为皇后的永微六年，就是公元655年之后。完工于上元二年，即公元675年乙亥十二月三十日，费时约21年左右。

The city of Leshan is less than one hours ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt. Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world .You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.

The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddhas ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a piic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.

This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddhas presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen .Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving. Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,d rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,The official shouted in anger,gouge your eye out now!Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.

The monks behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly. Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his lifes work .However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders. The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river. Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.

As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion . It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty. Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.

The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages. It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead .The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.

It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.

Today, my parents took me to Xiaoling scenic spot. Xiaoling of Ming Dynastyis the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty. Here is not onlybeautiful scenery, but also some historical knowledge, so every holiday, willgather many tourists.

Entering the gate of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the first thing that comes tomind is 2 sacred Dao. One is the stone road of the East and the west, and theother is 615 meters long. In the order of the road, six stone animals are lions,tiers, camels, elephants, Kirin and horses. The other is the Weng Chong Road,the Shinto road in the north and south direction, 250 meters long, two pairs ofWen _ and two pairs of Wen Chen on the pillar. The top of the column iscylindrical, and its body is carved with dragon patterns. The dignified anddignified generals are the loyal guardians of the mausoleum. Shinto is flankedby lush towering trees, each tree has a red canna. Twigs and leaves of the treetwists and turns into a Green Avenue.

At the Xiaoling Museum of the Ming Dynasty, I visited some unearthedcultural relics of the Ming Dynasty, including jades and ceramics. I also knewthat there were 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, three of whom had theircapitals in Nanjing for 53 years.

A stone turtle carries a large stone tablet on its back, which is engravedwith "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasties". This is the famous tablet hall. This isEmperor Kangxis praise for Zhu Yuanzhangs ruling the country more than that ofTang and Song dynasties. On both sides of the times are the imperial steles ofEmperor Qianlongs physical skills.

The hall of enjoyment is one of the main buildings in Xiaoling Mausoleum ofMing Dynasty, which is used to worship Zhu Yuanzhang, Empress and concubines.There are three floors, and there are stone dragons in four corners of eachfloor.

On the way home, the beautiful scenery of Ming Xiaoling isunforgettable.

女士们，先生们大家好!现在我们就来到了陕西历史博物馆参观游览。

这座博物馆于1991年6月20日正式建成对外开放。它是目前我国规模庞大、设施先进的历史博物馆。它占地约7万平方米，建筑面积56000平方米，用于展览的面积为11000平方米，馆内现有收藏品37万件。这座博物馆是遵照周恩来总理生前遗愿建造的。那是1973年，周恩来总理来陕西视察时，有感于陕西丰富的地上、地下文物资源和已有博物馆小而简陋的状况，提出应该在陕西建一座新的博物馆的指示。

后来由国家计委和陕西省政府共同投资1.44亿人民币，建成了这座艺术殿堂。这座博物馆的设计是由中国建筑学界的泰斗——梁思成先生的关门弟子张锦秋女士担任的。建筑的外观为仿唐风格，着意突出了盛唐风采，反映了一个辉煌时代的风貌。布局上借鉴了中国传统建筑“轴线对称，主从有序，中央殿堂，四隅重楼”的结构特点，突出了古朴凝重。并创造出一种帝宫与传统园林相结合的氛围，象征着中国悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。

陕西历史博物馆的陈列可分为基本陈列，专题陈列和临时展览三大部分。今天我们将要参观的是基本陈列，也就是常设陈列。为陕西古代史。系统的展现了陕西自蓝田猿人至战争的发展过程，突出了周、秦、汉、唐等封建社会的盛世和陕西在中国历史上的重要地位。

现在我们就来到了序言大厅。这里的序言不是文字，而是三副巨型照片：奔腾咆哮的黄河和绵亘无垠的黄土高原，既有古代陕西人赖以生存的自然环境，也是陕西历史文化孕育、产生和不断发展的前提和基础。这两幅照片的背后，陈列着中华民族的人文初祖轩辕皇帝陵墓的巨照，标志着陕西古代文明、中华文明的开端。

这些用照片构成的无言之序，通过宽广浑厚的场面，象征着陕西历史文化的博大精深，绵延久远，以及具有世界影响的人文传统精神。大家现在看到厅中央的这尊巨狮，它原来位于唐代女皇武则天的母亲杨氏的顺陵前。我们可看到它雕刻精美，造型雄伟，堪称“东方狮”。中国古代狮子及石狮的艺术是从阿富汗传入的。因此，这座石狮不但是陕西历史文化的反映，也是东西方文化交融的产物。

陕西古代史的个段落是史前史，时间范围是距今约115万年前至公元前21世纪。这一时期的每一段落都有重大发现，文化高峰迭起年、并首尾相连，在全国突出地位。首先大家所看到的就是蓝田猿人的头像。她是1964年在蓝田县公王岭发现的，是一位年纪约30多岁的女性。蓝田猿人距今约115万年，是迄今所知亚洲北部早的直立人。

在距今约20万年左右人类就已经发展到了智人阶段。陕西地区的大荔人便是其中的一个代表，在距今约8000年左右，人类就已经进入了新石器时代。老官台文化是陕西境内已知早的新石器时代的文化遗存。新旧石器时代区别主要有三个重要标志：一是学会了制造陶器;二已经定居并有了原始农业;三是出现了磨制石器。仰韶文化是新石器时代发展的一个阶段。这类文化遗存由于是1921年首次发现于河南渑池县仰韶村，因此得名。

又因为在这类文化遗存中发现了大量的彩陶，所以叫“彩陶文化”。半坡遗址是仰韶文化的一个重要组成部分，也是母系氏族公社时期的繁荣阶段。后来，随着社会经济的发展，男子取代女子，在社会中处于支配地位。人类就进入了父系社会时期。龙山文化就是父系氏族公社时期的典型文化。这类文化由于是在1928年首次发现于山东省章丘县的龙山镇，因此得名。

又因为发现了大量的灰陶，因此龙山文化也被称为“灰陶文化”或“黑陶文化”。龙山文化之后，我国历史进入了传说时代，也就是历史上所说的“军事民主制时期”。黄帝就是这个时期一位杰出的领袖，他被尊为中华民族的祖先。每年清明，海内外的炎黄子孙来到黄帝陵寻根问祖，认同中华文化，爱国之情在这里升华，从而产生一种强大的凝聚力和向心力。在黄帝之后，人类历史上又出现了三位杰出的领袖，他们是尧、舜、禹。后来，大禹的儿子启建立了夏朝。于此，中国便进入了奴隶制王朝的统治时期。夏王朝的政治中心在河南，陕西境内主要是周族的发生、发展与兴盛。周族实际上经历了周民族、周方国、西周王朝三个不同的发展阶段。

现在我们所看到的这个文物叫做“鼎”，它是奴隶制王朝鼎盛时期西周的一个青铜器。青铜是指铜和锡的合金，因颜色青灰而得名。而鼎呢，它本来是一种炊具，即煮肉的锅，后来随着礼乐制度的强化，鼎也逐渐成为一种权利和等级的象征。传说夏禹曾制九鼎，代表天下九州，作为政权的象征。以后就把取得天下叫做“定鼎”。春秋时，五霸之一的楚庄王就曾遣使询问周朝九鼎的大小轻重，以后“问鼎”就成为企图篡夺政权的代名词。

我们现在所说的成语“逐鹿中原”，“鹿死谁手”，“孰人敢来问鼎”等都与这件文物有关。鼎，一般可分为圆顶和方顶。圆顶一般为鼓腹，双耳，三足，整个造型给人以稳定、威武的感觉。所以，人们用狮胸虎足来形容它。而成语中的“大名鼎鼎”，“三足鼎立”，则是从另一方面反映了它的造型特征。青铜器上的纹饰是研究青铜艺术的重要内容，也成为中国艺术史的一个重要组成部分，在一定程度上反映了当时人们的思想观念。青铜器上的纹饰可分为两大类，即：动物纹和几何纹。总的特点是神秘怪诞，很难看懂。这是因为作器者本意是为了用它祭祀天、地、鬼神和祖宗。一般人看不懂正说明他构思成功。在陕西境内迄今发现的西周青铜器达3000余件。就一个有限的地理范围而言实属罕见。

随着周幽王“烽火戏诸侯”，公元前771年犬戎族入侵，使西周走向灭亡。周平王迁都洛邑，东周开始。但周王朝实际上已名存实亡了。中原大地上先后出现了“战国七雄”：齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦。七国的战争持续了200多年。公元前221年，中国历史上位皇帝——秦王嬴政“扫六合而荡天下”，建立了统一的中央集权制的封建国家。秦始皇统一六国后，为了维护其统治，采取了一系列措施，在全国范围内统一了文字、货币、法律、车轨和度量衡等。

我们现在看到的这个货币就是秦统一六国之后的通行货币——秦半两。上面的这些货币就是统一前六国的货币。货币的不统一大大地阻碍了经济的发展。于是，方孔圆形的半两钱便应运而生。古人讲“天园地方”，并且是天包地，所以秦半两就意味着“圆以象天，方以则地”。这种精神为以后两千多年的封建统治者所接受，并一直保持到清末。古书上也因此把钱称为“孔方兄”。

秦半两的制作很科学，中间有小孔，可用绳子穿起来便于携带;外围为圆形，则不易产生磨损。中国古代有三大货币，除秦代的货币秦半两外，还有汉代的五铢钱和唐代的通宝钱。秦始皇号称“千古一帝”，但同时他也是历史上一位有名的暴君，残暴的统治终于激起了人们的反抗。陈胜、吴广领导的大泽乡起义爆发了。随后四年的“楚汉相争”推翻了秦王朝的统治。公元前202年，汉高祖刘邦登基，汉王朝就正式登上了历史舞台。

汉朝是一个十分重要的历史朝代，它的各项发展对中国历史上以后各朝代的发展奠定了基础，并产生了深远的影响。构成中华民族主体的汉族也是在这个时候正式形成。中国懂得方块字也是从这一时期起被称为“汉字”。汉王朝成了当时世界强盛的一个国家。所以，今天世界上许多国家还把“汉”作为中国和中国人的代称。现在请大家看这副“丝绸之路”示意图。它中国古老的一条贸易通道，也是横贯欧亚大陆的一条贸易通道。它为东西文化交流、通商提供了有利的条件。

沟通欧亚大陆的这条举世闻名的丝绸之路是由西汉武帝时期的张骞开通的。张骞是我们陕西城固人，他于公元前138年应政府招募出使西域。经历了十年时间和种.种磨难，熟悉了西域的政治、军事、地理、风俗民情。沟通了汉与西域各国的关系。因此史书上把张骞的这次出使、也称为“凿空”。公元前119年，汉武帝又先后两次派遣张骞出使西域。“丝绸之路”全长7000多公里，在中国境内4000多公里。

“丝绸之路”开通后，商队往来不断，经济贸易十分活跃。促进了农业和科学技术交流，为中西文化开创了新纪元。由于这条路先主要过往做丝绸生意的商人，所以把这条通道也称为“丝绸之路”。通过这条道路，我国的丝绸不断输出。在当时的罗马，中国的丝绸与黄金等价。因此，丝绸又被称为“软黄金”。从此，西域的葡萄、苜蓿、石榴了、黄瓜、蚕豆、核桃、芝麻、菠菜、黑米、猕猴桃等物产传入我国。我国的种茶、凿井、冶炼等生产技术也传入西域。“丝绸之路”就好像一条绚丽而坚韧的纽带沟通了亚欧大陆，也使世界上出现了两颗明珠。从此，世界上就有了“东有长安，西有罗马”之说。

汉王朝不仅有发达的经济贸易活动，军事力量也非常强大。1965年，从咸阳杨家湾的一座汉墓中出土了大批兵马俑。这座汉墓属于汉高祖刘邦长陵的陪葬墓。据同出的“银镂玉衣”推测，墓主人可能是汉初名将周勃或其子周亚夫。在杨家湾出土的俑群中，有骑兵俑583件，各种人俑1965件。这些汉兵马俑大的身高48.5厘米，小的身高44.5厘米。大多数做武士打扮，个别做跳舞、奏乐、指挥等姿势。拿这批汉兵马俑与秦兵马俑相比较，秦俑虎背熊腰，是赳赳武士的形象，时刻准备着出发去打仗。

汉俑仅有秦俑的三分之一大，但灵气十足，愉悦欢畅。也从一个侧面表明了当时国富民强、和平安定和人民的悠然自乐。在秦俑里，我们从外形看不出有指挥官，但在汉俑里则可以看出;另一方面，军阵形式也发生了变化。秦兵马俑以步兵为前锋，战车为突击力量，骑兵甚少。而汉兵马俑中骑兵所占的比例却大的多。汉王朝也正是凭借着这支强大的骑兵才战胜了不可一世的游牧民族——匈奴。这也是世界历史上农业民族次大规模的战胜游牧民族。

经过四年的楚汉相争，国力大大削弱。汉初“天子不能俱纯驷，而将相或乘牛车”。意思是说，在汉朝初年马匹很少，以至于找不到四匹颜色相同的马为皇帝拉辇。而一般将相的车辆只能用牛羊拉了。但是汉王朝励精图治，养马业得到了高度发展，使汉代骑兵的马源充足，所以汉代骑兵业得到了发展。杨家湾的汉三千彩绘兵马俑就是一个有力的印证。

汉朝灭亡后，我国历史进入了魏晋南北朝时期。这一时期从公元220年北魏建立开始，到公元589年隋统一结束，历时369年。这一时期政权更迭，战乱频繁，可以说是中国历史和陕西历史上依次伟大的大融合时期。公元581年，北周大将杨坚建立了隋朝。隋炀帝杨广也是历史上以为有名的暴君。公元618年，太原留守李渊起兵反隋，夺取了政权，建立了唐朝。隋唐两代是我国封建社会的鼎盛时期，也是陕西历史文化的黄金时代，现代的海外华人自称“唐人”，他们居住的地方称为“唐人街”，反映了唐代对后世子孙产生的影响。

在唐时，人们的生活比较安定，就有更多的时间从事各种娱乐活动。打马球便是其中的娱乐项目之一。现在就请大家看这幅《打马球图》。这是从章怀太子墓中出土的。马球，也叫波罗球，球似拳头大小，朱红色，皮革制成，是由波斯，即今天的伊朗传入我国的。这幅图画形象生动的描绘出了唐代马球运动的精彩场面。画面上有骑马人物二十多个，他们足蹬黑靴，身穿窄袖长袍。前五个手拉缰绳，右手持月芽形球杖，有的驱马抡球，有的反身击球，姿态矫健，得心应手。其它骑手也姿态各异。场面生动，围绕着滚动的小球展开了激烈的争夺。画家巧妙的抓住了马球运动的瞬间场面，使比赛的紧张气氛溢于画外

在唐朝的时候，上至宫延皇帝，下至文武百官，甚至连妇女都爱打马球。尤其是许多皇帝，都是马球运动的爱好者,甚至成为马球健将。据史料记载:唐中宗景虎年间,吐蕃派使者迎接金城公主,提出要与汉人比赛马球,经中宗同意后,双方展开较量。回合以汉人失败而告终。这时一旁观看的临淄王,即后来的唐玄宗李隆基,亲自率领球队进行比赛。终于以精湛的球技转败为胜,一时在京城传为佳话。唐代的皇宫禁苑大多筑有马球场,有的贵族官僚还有自己的马球场.唐代以后,马球队运动就开始流行全国,直到明朝末年才开始逐渐衰败。近几年来,在西安东郊也开展过。这幅画的表现技法相当讲究，极富真实感和立体感。可见这幅马球图达到的不止是惟妙惟肖的境界，而且也从一个侧面再现了大唐时期国泰民安、繁荣昌盛的社会情况，再现了大唐雄风。

唐王朝的外交活动也是非常活跃的。我们现在看到的就是从章怀太子墓中出土的另一幅壁画《迎宾图》。画面上的前面几个人是热情的朝廷官员，后面三个人是外国和我国古代少数民族的使臣。经考证，三人中个是印度人，第二个是朝鲜人，第三个是突厥人。这幅画形象的再现了唐代官员接待外国使臣的场面。反映了唐王朝活跃的外交活动以及同外国和我国少数民族友好往来的实况。大家请注意看，在这幅画面的下角有一位个子比较矮的唐代朝廷官员，这就反映了唐代对人才是非常渴求的。只要你有才能，不管长得个高或个矮，都会被重用。反映了唐朝“不拘一格降人才”的社会风貌。

隋唐两代都把长安作为其都城。隋时称为大兴城，唐时称为长安城。规模宏大的都城长安可以说是那个伟大时代的明亮窗口。透过它，可以窥见当时世界强国的各个方面。隋大兴城是少数民族建筑大师宇文恺设计并主持营建的。唐长安城是在隋大兴城的基础上，进一步修葺完善起来的。从这幅唐长安城的平面布局图中我们就可以看出：它气势宏伟，整齐划一。全城共分为宫城，皇城和外郭城三大部分。城内以朱雀大街为中轴线，由十一条纵向的大街和十四条横向的大街，把整个长安城划分为108个小区域，称为坊。

正如唐朝大诗人白居易的诗中所写：“百千家似为棋局，十二街如种菜畦”。这种布局对以后各个朝代产生了深远的影响，也为亚洲一些国家如日本、朝鲜等规划都城时所效仿。唐长安城的一个突出特点就是规模宏大。它总面积为84.1平方公里，人口超过一百万。其面积是汉代长安城的2.4倍，东罗马首都拜占庭的7倍，阿拉伯首都巴格达的6倍，明代长安城的9.3倍。

它可以说是我国古代，也是世界古代规模的一座都城。城中的中轴线朱雀大街宽155米，而横贯皇城自承天门至长乐门之间的横街竟宽达440米，这也是中外所有都城中绝无仅有的。中华民族成长壮大到了唐代，充满了开拓进取精神。因此对长安城的修筑不仅仅只着眼于实用功能的需要，还有着积极的精神追求。唐王朝也正是以其宏大的气魄和泱泱大国的气势屹立于世界民族之林，吸引了各个国家的人们来到长安。当时居住在长安城的外国人和少数民族人数约5万人。同时长安吸收融汇了来自世界各地的文化，创造了博大精深、辉煌璀灿、当时世界文化峰的唐文化。 I$ X Zz51

唐代的手工业也是非常发达，唐三彩便是其中之一。它起源于西汉武帝时期。唐三彩并不专指三种颜色而是指多彩，因在唐代风行一时而得名。唐三彩是用黄、绿、赭。

蓝等多种彩釉组合装饰成的一种铅铀陶器。它的制作过程是把高岭土经过挑选、冲打、淘洗、沉淀、冶炼等工艺后，捏制成形，经修饰晒干后放入窑内。经过1000度左右烧制，待冷却后饰以配制好的彩色釉料，再入窑中烧至900度后完成。西安是唐三彩的故乡。在西安附近的唐墓中出土了不少唐三彩器皿。从这里我们可以看出，唐三彩首先是一种冥器，慢慢地才发展成为一种日用品和工艺品。唐三彩之所以闻名于世，主要有两大特点：一是以造型取胜。

三彩中无论是生活用品或是房屋庭院乃至人物动物造型，都塑造的非常精美，用写实的手法反映了唐代的社会生活，在艺术上达到了令人赞叹不已的程度;二是以色彩赢人。三彩釉色虽简单，但它经烧制过程中不同色彩的釉斑向下流动，互相浸润后自然漫延，呈现出一种千变万化，班驳淋漓，彼此交融，没有明显界限的装饰艺术效果。优美、流畅，具有一种和谐的古朴之美。正如杜甫名句所言“动人春色不在多”。有限的釉色构成了丰富的艺术语汇，使唐三彩成了世界闻名的古代工艺品。

公元960年，宋代赵匡胤皇袍加身定都开封。元、明、清分别建都南京和北京。陕西从此失去了京都地位，但仍然是封建王朝控制西北、西南的军事重镇。又由于周、秦、汉、唐的灿烂文化形成一种巨大的惯性，所以这一时期陕西的经济文化仍然保持了一定的水准和发展势头。

黄山方圆1200平方公里，从南到北四十公里长，从东到西三十公里宽，面积虽然很大，但开发出来的仅仅是其中的一小部分，只有154个平方公里。这154个平方公里就是我们平常所说的黄山风景区。黄山风景区在1985年就被评为中国十大风景名胜区，1990年又被联合国世界教科文组织收录为世界自然与文化遗产名录，我国虽然有三十处世界遗产，但是双遗产的只有四处，2019年二月又成为世界地质公圆，黄山是我国唯一一处头顶三顶桂冠的风景区。

黄山在秦朝以前叫三天子都，由于他的三大主峰海拔都在1800米以上，当时的居民都认为这座山只有神仙才能上的去，平民百姓是上不去的，所以叫三天子都。到秦以后改称黟山，“黟”是左边一个黑，右边一个多，读音和一二三四的“一”是一样的，因为黄山的山体大多由花岗岩组成，花岗岩的表面都有一层苔藓，这苔藓经过日晒雨淋之后远远望去是黑乎乎的一片，所以叫黑多山。黄山这个名字是到唐朝以后才改的，是不是到唐朝以后就由黑变黄了呢，那倒不是。而是在唐朝时这里广泛流传了一个传说，这个传说说的是我们的祖先轩辕黄帝在统一中原以后感觉自己是大业以成，所以就想寻求一种长生不老之药，使自己能得道成仙，就带领他的两位臣子，一个容成子，一个浮丘公，他们三个遍访了全国各地的名山大川，最后选中了黄山，在这里采药炼丹，最后服下仙丹乘龙升天了。由于唐明皇比较相信道教，也就非常崇信这样一个传说，于是在公元747年，也就是唐天宝六年，亲自下旨将黟山改为黄山。山名就由此而来，并不是黄颜色的山。

那到黄山来看什么呢，说起来很简单，就八个字，也就是我们平常所说的黄山的四绝，奇松、怪石、云海和温泉。

其中黄山松位列黄山四绝之首，也是我们安徽省的省树。它属于高山树种，一般生长在海拔800米以上的山地，也曾经叫中国台湾松，由油松转化而来。和马尾松相比有着一些明显的特征，它的树冠大多呈扁平状，而且层次分明，松针较短，也比较粗，颜色呈墨绿色。它的这些特征是和它的生长环境有关系的，一般高山上常年的风力都比较大，象我们黄山年平均风力为6-7级，如果它山下的马尾松那样长的高高大大，密不透风，大风刮过来的时候形成的阻力也就非常大，很容易将树头吹断，所以它的树冠为扁平状且层次分明就是便于滤风而保护树冠的。松针的颜色较深也是适应环境的，我们都知道海拔每上升100米，大气压强要下降，气温也要下降。

大气压强越低也就意味着空气越稀薄，而大气层对阳光中的紫外线能起到一定的过滤作用。那空气越稀薄紫外线也就越强，而紫外线对生物的细胞有着很强的杀伤力，这个我想大家都曾感受过，在太阳底下暴晒一天会有什么结果?一般会火辣辣的疼，严重的会脱皮，这就是紫外线对我们人体细胞的杀伤。那松树也是一样的，为了抵抗紫外线的入侵，所以颜色长的较深，同时也起到增加热能的作用，我们都知道深色物体比浅色物体接收热能的能力要强的多，所以它又有防寒的作用。

据史书记载黄山最低温度达到零下28摄氏度，在这种低温下能正常生长就在于它的松针能够吸收大量的热能。这是我们很容易就能发觉的特征，黄山松还有一个非常明显的特征，不过需要我们仔细去观察，它的根系非常庞大，一般比主干长15倍到20倍左右。为什么有这样庞大的根系呢?这也是和它的生长环境分不开的，我们黄山有这样一句俗语：黄山是无山不石，无石不松，无松不奇。

这些松树不是生长在土壤里，而是长在花岗岩上。那我们都知道花岗岩上养料很少，这就需要一个庞大的根系去到处收罗养料。其实这庞大的根系还有更重要的作用，因为植物的跟在作呼吸作用的时候会呼出二氧化碳，那根系越庞大呼出的二氧化碳也就越多，而花岗岩的主要成分除了硅酸盐之外大多是碳酸盐，这些不可溶性的碳酸盐遇到二氧化碳和水之后就形成了可溶性的碳酸氢盐，所以根系越发达溶解花岗岩的能力就越强，从而使它的根能深深的扎入岩石里头，我们所以才能在电视风光片里看到黄山的这些松树在悬崖绝壁之上顶风傲雪，大风刮不倒，大雪也压不垮。如果这些根仅仅生长在岩石表面，那大风一吹就倒了，大雪一压也就垮了。虽然黄山松有这样庞大的根系去到处收罗养料，但是它的养料来源还是远远不足，我们都知道，花岗岩中虽然有着丰富的矿物质，但是缺少一种元素，那就是氮元素，而氮元素是生命构成的基本元素，没有氮，氨基酸合成不了，生命也形成不了。

那它的氮元素从哪里来呢?主要来自于夏季的雷雨天气，每当打雷下雨的时候，都会产生强电流和高电压，这时候电流可达到几千万安培，电压也可以达到几亿伏，在这种强电流和高电压的作用下，空气中游离的氧和氮就形成了氮化物——亚硝基，松树通过它的表皮吸收亚硝基来补充氮元素的不足。从这里我们可以看的出来，黄山松的养料来源非常少，所以它长得也非常慢，但我们千万别小瞧这些小松树，虽然它很小，但它的年纪却很老。有一部电影年纪稍微大一点都看过，刘晓庆和陈冲主演的《小花》，其中有一段刘晓庆跪在台阶上抬担架的戏就在我们黄山的百步云梯上拍的，我们今天就要走过那段台阶，看过这部电影的应该还有印象，在台阶的旁边有一片小树林，这部电影是拍于1979年，到现在已经二十多年了，如果在山下这片小树林早已长成参天大树了，可是我们今天过去看看，它们依然还那么高，这就是它们生长环境非常恶劣所造成的结果。

第二绝就是怪石，黄山是奇峰林立，怪石成群，但有名称的并不多，大约一百八十处左右。这些名称都是以前的游人根据自己的想象取了一些好听的名字，比如什么仙女绣花，武松打虎之类的，但这些只能说三分形象，七分靠大家想象，因为它们毕竟是大自然风化所形成，并非人工刻意去雕刻的。所以我们上去以后也可以尽情发挥自己的想象力，不必非得局限于前人的眼光，因为所处的地域不同，所处的时代不同，审美观是不同的，看待同一事物所得的结果也是不同的，比方象西安来客人可以把某些石头看成兵马俑，象我们这些非西安的人会往兵马俑去想吗，可能性不大。再加上这几年黄山新的道路不断开通，景区不断扩大，前人不能到达的地方我们现在可以到了，前人不能欣赏的角度我们现在可以欣赏了，比如我们在去迎客松之前就有一块石头，形状就很象现在的通讯工具—手机，所以我们都叫它手机石，在没有手机之前是无论如何也不会想到这上面来的，对不对。

黄山的第三绝是云海，黄山自古云成海，所以又有黄海之称。在黄山观云海的最佳季节是在冬季，一般在十一月份以后到第二年的五月初之前。为什么在这段时间呢?因为到十一月份以后黄山开始进入冬季，气温逐渐下降，随着气温的降低空气的体积逐渐缩小，高空的云层也开始往下落，而且气温降低后空气的对流速度也逐渐减慢，云层相对来说也比较薄，一般稳定在海拔1200—1600米之间，当我们登上海拔高于1600米以上的山峰的时候就可以看到自己脚下是茫茫一片的白云，而且每当风起的时候云层会象大海一样波涛汹涌，看起来十分的壮观，所以称作黄山的第三绝。但到五月份以后随着气温的升高云层也开始升高，随着空气对流速度的加快云层也开始逐渐增厚，一般从海拔800米到两三千米都是云，这时我们就不要奢望能看到云海了，这时不但云海看不见，就连奇松和怪石也看不见了，因为这时整个黄山都被云层所笼罩，就不是云而是雾了，能见度好的时候大约能看到百米开外，差的时候只有三到五米，那我们能看到什么呢?只有头顶的茫茫大雾，脚下的台阶路以及身边的几棵小树，我们导游中有这样一段顺口溜：抬头看雾，低头看路，左右看树，不如回家睡床铺。

在黄山累了一两天，回去别人问你黄山怎么样，不知道，还不如在家睡在床上舒服。而且我们黄山这样的天气还挺多，大约占到全年的三分之二，一年大约有两百八十天左右是雨雾天气。而这恶劣的天气却给黄山的经济建设带来了很大的好处，很多人是来了一次来两次，来了两次来三次的，运气不好的来四五都没看见也可能。所以大家不要以为来黄山碰到大雾是运气不好，其实这是黄山的正常天气，晴空万里才是不正常的天气呢。而且有时候往往是最恶劣的天气才伴有最美的景，我们有这样一句话;山以云为衣，云以山为体，只有有山有云的时候才有那种意境，才有仙山的感觉。晴空万里仅仅是把黄山一览无余，没有太多的回味，也缺乏韵味。对我来说偏爱黄山的冬景，那茫茫的云海，皑皑的白雪，苍翠的松树，俨然国画中的仙境，黄山四季皆胜景，唯有腊冬景更佳。

那黄山的第四绝就是温泉了，我们黄山的温泉是名副其实的温泉，在出水口的温度为42度，这种温度洗浴既不会凉，也不会烫，因为我们人发烧最高也就这温度。而且是含重碳酸盐不含硫元素的矿泉，不仅可以洗浴还可以直接拿来饮用的。传说当年轩辕黄帝在服下仙丹后即将乘龙升天，但对着镜子一看，发现自己已是满头白发，满脸皱纹，这副容颜即使做了神仙也不好看，于是就跳进温泉，沐浴汤泉是三天三夜，最后须发尽黑，颜面如孩童，乘龙升天了。当然能把白头发泡黑，这功效是肯定没有的，除非您和轩辕黄帝一样吃了仙丹差不多。但要把皱纹泡没了还是可以的，不要说三天三夜了，估计一天一夜就差不多了，不相信的可以试试看。不过黄山要看的主要还是松、石、云，温泉只是走累了泡一泡用来消除疲劳的。好了黄山的简单情况就说这么多，具体景点我们到了山上再一一欣赏。

在睡觉的游客们可以醒一醒了，我知道大家都累了，经过机几个小时的长途颠簸，现在咱们终于是到了咱们今天的目的地了——九华山。大家下车，开始咱们的九华山之旅，大家跟着我，不要掉队，现在咱们顺着蜿蜒曲折的山路，沿着山阶拾级而上，就能到天下第一千年古松——凤凰松。大家可以看一下，它就像一只展翅欲飞的凤凰，似乎在欢迎咱们的到来。二期这一路上，相信大家一而听到了鸟鸣啾啾，山泉淙淙，再加上咱们呢游客朋友们的笑声，是不会真应了“空山不见人，但闻人语响”的古句。

现在咱们爬到了半山腰，在咱们面前的就是观音峰，大家可以看到这座观音石惟妙惟肖，身披大红袍，山风一吹，红袍微微飘动着，真有如观音降临人间一般。再往上，就是宽阔的古拜经台了，大家能看见当年地藏王菩萨禅修时在花岗岩上留下的足迹，它比正常人的脚印要大2。9倍呢!有兴趣的朋友们可以脱了鞋站在地藏王菩萨的脚印里去看看，是不是咱们的脚的脚只及它的三分之一!

好啦，现在终于到了终点站——天台寺。天台寺又名地藏寺，坐落在海拔1306米的天台峰顶，相传唐时新罗高僧在此神居，留有“金仙洞”的遗迹。站在峰顶，只觉得心里的郁气忽然没了，心中舒畅无比。九华山虽没泰山雄伟，也没黄山奇险，但它的灵秀却是中外驰名!

Welcome to Yunnan, Welcome to Tengchong! It’s my honor to be your guide.Today we are going to visit the volcanoes and hot springs in Tengchong, whichare the most famous here.

As we will get there in a few minutes, first allow me to give you a briefintoduction of Tengchong. Tengchong is located in the southwest of China andoccupies an area of 5800 square kilometers. There are 23 nationalities here,such as 汉、傣、回、白 nationalities and so on. When we mentioned Tengchong, threethings will come into mind, which are: the volcanoes and hot springs having10,000 years, the border city having 1,000 years and the fair of jade having 100years.

Later we will get to the volcanoes and the hot spring, so now I can tellyou something about the latter two ones. They all can reflect the long historyTengchong has. Tengchong is a city on boarder. And because of its location, ithas been an important place for military reasons. And that’s a part of itshistory. It’s also regarded as the county of manners, and it is the hometown ofso many famous people. And another part of its history is that Tengchong is onetrade center of jade between China and Burma. So don’t forget to get a round tothe jade fair. I think you will feel interested.

OK, everyone, here is the Library of the Volcanoes. Now let’s have a lookat .The volcanoes in Tengchong are famous in China, and it’s one of the fourgroups of volcanoes in China. The strong extravasations are the cause of thelandform of Tengchong. There is a lieder in Tengchong saying that:” Such a placeTengchong, nine in ten mountains have no peaks.” It’s very vivid, from that youcan see so many volcanoes are in Tengchong. There are 97 volcanoes in Tengchongnow with high value of tourism and scientific research.

黄山英文的导游词

Each of the four seasons on Mt. Huangshan has their respective beauty but even this can vary from day to day thanks to variations in the weather, light and shade as clouds pass overhead and even around you at the higher reaches. This endless changing adds an emphasis to the wonder of the landscape and to know the mountain thoroughly, you would need to visit Mt. Huangshan in all the different seasons.

Spring

Mt. Huangshan in spring is like a maiden - all is new, fresh and tender. Spring comes in April but its onset is delayed by three days for every 100 meters as you climb the mountain. Therefore, when wild flowers are brilliant and seedlings are shooting up at its foot, the plants half way up the mountain will be just awakening from their winter sleep and will not exhibit their beauty until a week later. The sound of birdsong is most pleasant in this quietness while you will be enchanted by the color changes as you climb your way up. Spring is probably the most propitious season for visiting Mt. Huangshan and is certainly the best time to view the many waterfalls due to the abundant precipitation.

Summer

It is hard to resist the charm of the cool green mountain sides in summer when an exuberance of plant life covers the valleys and peaks with a green blanket. The green trees and ivy mingle to form natural pavilions where you can sit and refresh yourself while enjoying the beautiful scenery with a cooling breeze to sooth you.

Dawn in summer is most splendid as the rising sun lights the sky and the peaks and the plants and the whole world takes on a brilliant glow. After a storm, Mt. Huangshan becomes a world of water. Numerous streams and waterfalls compose an exciting and vigorous symphony. The Sea of Clouds during this season is not as vast as during autumn or winter but it revels in its brightness. If you are really lucky you will see a vivid rainbow flying over two peaks. Sunset is no less enchanting than sunrise. Mt. Huangshan in summer is the best resort in which to escape high temperatures of southern China.

Tips:

1. July and August are among the peak seasons therefore reservation is a must.

2. It is wise to bring a rainproof jacket with you as the strong wind on the mountain renders an umbrella all but useless and even dangerous.

3. Do not climb the mountain during thunderstorm.

Autumn

Autumn on the mountain is colorful due to the blue sky, white clouds, red maples and yellow fruits. At this time of the year the scenery can be compared with that of spring but with a mature beauty. If spring is like a bud ready to bloom, autumn is a flower showing its last significance before withering. Such is the beauty of the autumn scenery of Mt. Huangshan that it can be seen in many famous Chinese paintings.

Tips:

1.Besides the Golden Week of the National Day (Oct 1st to 7th), September and October are also peak seasons of Mt. Huangshan.

2. Bring with you warm clothes so as not to catch a chill as the temperature variation is significant.

Winter

Snowy Mt. Huangshan is like a crystal palace. Though winter lasts a long time in Huangshan, it is not as cold as you might expect. A poem has it that Mt. Huangshan is beautiful all year round but with the winter scenery being the best. The Sea of Clouds, one of the four wonders of Mt. Huangshan, appears more often in winter than in any other season. The spectacle of rimed trees sparkling in the sun is the privilege of winter alone for it is then that you may find yourself in a silver world with icy peaks, clusters of frosty corals suffused with a plentiful supply of the freshest of oxygen rich fresh air.

Travel tips:

1. Winter is the most economical time for visiting Mt Huangshan as the prices for hotels and the entry fee are lowered by 15% to 40% compared to those of the peak season. However, Spring Festival is an exception, during which the price is the same as normal seasons.

2. The hotels are centrally heated so you don’t have to worry about the cold.

3. Anti-skid shoes are provided as well as heavy coats in most hotels.

火车穿过老岭的盘山隧道飞驰而下，边境小城集安就会映入你们眼帘。从左侧车窗远远望去，在龙山脚下，耸立着巨大的方坛阶梯式的古墓，这就是闻名中外的将军坟。它规模宏大，造型颇象古埃及法老的陵墓，故被誉为“东方金字塔”。将军墓正在龙山脚下，地热优越，环境秀美。

据考证，将军坟应是一座高句丽王陵，当在4世纪末到5世纪初建筑。高句丽王朝始建于公元前37年，到这时已传到十九代王好太王和二十代王长寿王。好太王已有陵墓。将军坟距好好太王陵不远，且墓道朝向太王陵。国内有关学专家学者认为，此应是高句丽第二十代王长寿王的陵墓。“将军坟”之称是清末当地老百姓的，一直流传至今。昔有《别金相登将军坟》一诗，曰：“将军坟墓几千秋，坟外年年江水流。桂酒椒浆伤往事，荒烟蔓草赋闲游。三辅霸业今何在，百济名邦早已休。独有英雄埋骨处，峨峨高峙龙山头。”万余座高句丽古墓群中，有20余座绘有精美的壁画，其题村广泛，技艺娴熟，绚丽多彩，飘逸流畅，距今虽已千余年，色彩仍鲜艳如初，由此可见当时的绘画艺术已达到了相当的水平。当地的文物保护单位临摹了大部分古墓壁画置于博物馆内供人参观。著名的壁画墓有角抵墓、舞踊墓、三宝墓、四神墓、五盔坟等。

长白山余脉老岭山区腹地的五女峰国家森林公园，集中展现当地独特的动值物资源和瑰丽的自然景观。园内有5座峻峭挺拨的山峰——玉女峰、少女峰、参女峰、春女峰和秀女峰;还有幽谷银瀑、高句丽采石场、天工神韵、望峰台、仙人台、藏心洞、怀古亭、洞天皓月、空中悬佛、抗联遗址等38处人文自然景观，既美艳多姿，又雄奇壮观。幽谷银瀑是一条数百米长的大峡谷，谷底流泉淙淙，有人工，天然瀑布两处，巨树和古藤形成的华盖守护着古老的秘密，峡谷两侧陡峭的山岩怪石嶙峋，苔藓遍布，身临此境仿佛回到了盘古开天的洪荒年代。

洞天皓月景观更为神奇，两座20多米高的石岩，中间是一条刀劈斧削般的等宽缝隙，是谓“一线天”。站在“一线天”中间上仰望，“空中悬佛”正好夹在石壁上面横空也世：一大一小两块椭圆型花岗岩石形成悬佛的头、身，悬佛五官分明，鼻子上的皱纹清晰可辨，神态十分逼真传神，其表情恰似在用力挤开石壁，附视着芸芸众生从下面通过。造物主的神工鬼斧又制造了一个千古之谜。来到藏心洞，虽是一处横穿山岩的石洞，但奇在洞中卧有一块心型巨石，石体比两边洞口都大，不可能从外面移进，那是天然形成?令人百思不解

好了游客朋友们。我们的集安一日游就这样结束了，在这次旅游中若有不周之处还请提出宝贵意见，今后以便更好的为您服务。离别之即，没有好送给大家的，祝大家在今后的日子里快乐，再见。

Yuanmingyuan was first given the emperor kangxi emperor four children zhen(namely later became the yongzheng emperor) garden. After kangxi reign in 1707,1957 namely the garden has already begun to take shape. In November, emperorkangxi had visit yuanmingyuan touring. Yongzheng emperor throne in 1723 years,expand the original give groves and co-using in park south the legitimate templeand the often main hall and cabinet, six, be the value, royal to "avoid room ofanti-smoking activists". Baiken Emperor qianlong of yuanmingyuan in 60 years,all day, right, fix China heaped FeiYin million move stone, water. He inaddition to local building, rebuilding yuanmingyuan outside, and in tight eastneighbour new-built changchun garden, in southeast adjacent into adas springpark. To qianlong thirty-five years namely 1770, the pattern of three parks yuanMing basically formed. For the main jiaqing programme for repairs and adasspring park, make it become one of the main YuanJu places. Light toward, statedeclines, insufficient resources, but rather WanShou, fragrant hill, YuQuanwithdrawal "three mountain" display, summer and jehol ", still not to abandonthe mulan hunting three yuan Ming rebuilding and decoration. Garden.

Yuanmingyuan is artificially created the magnificent, at a scale of largegarden scenery. Daniel flat rockery garden buildings, water, refined wide planttrees flower. Hill, twists and turns in staccato water and sung, curve gallery,chau island, bridge, will be broad levees space divided into size more than 100landscape encircle, interest in different scenery group. Park surface accountedfor about three garden area, in four tenths of a flat-surface artificiallydigging by water, medium and the flow of periodical entangles for a completeseries of river water lakes. Park and compose fold have greatly small 250, andcould be combined with water, water for water turn, mountain mountain live,constitute the mountain after water transfer, folds of garden space. Make wholegarden like the jiangnan YanShui blurred, it was really a feast: is for thepeople do, wan since opening day.

Yuanmingyuan reflected ancient Chinese gardening art essence, was the mostoutstanding a large garden. The emperor said it: "real dead mecca of spirit,emperor and land area, without more than this to swim." But in world garden inarchitectural history also occupies an important position. Its fame spread toEurope, known as "million the garden of." garden France the maisonde Victor Hugoin 1861) have such assessment: "you just imagine that is an makes popularfeeling appealing, as the moon as buildings, castle fertilizing (refers toyuanmingyuan) is such a building." People often say: Greece have pat farmingtemple, Egypt have pyramids, Rome had a Summer Palace, Oriental collosieum. ""this is a stunning incomparable masterpiece".

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing.Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors canenjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperialpalace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancientbuildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scalecomprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongleemperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruledthe country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, whatkill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, wecan see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can seethe Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the placewhere the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenlypurity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthlytranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, totake these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the gardenscenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across thesestones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to theForbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to giveup?

现在我们已来到剑门的标性建筑仿古关楼前了。这座关楼自1983年-1990年先后邀请重庆建工学院，南京工学院，省建设局三次选址五套方案。最后于1992年9月1日动工，次年6月28日建成，当时张中伟副省长在鞭炮声中剪断了彩绸。这座仿古关楼是原关楼平线东移80米，中轴线北偏东20度。其基础隐在12米深的地下，经过仿砾岩工艺处理，使之与周围环境浑然一体，不露人造痕迹。关楼主体，两层一底，楼高17.1米，底层用长80厘米，宽高各30厘米的细清石条一丁一顺，水泥座浆，错缝修筑，构成四面墙体。墙外用黄泥勾缝，泥中混合草籽，待到山花烂漫时，其绿草如茵，旧貌依稀，俨然久经风霜，石砌拱券门洞，拱高4.5米，宽3.06米，进深14米，南北贯通。上用三国时官方通用汉隶书体刻，“剑阁”二字(因诸葛亮在此修30里阁道，故称为剑阁，古之剑阁即今之剑门)。南向门联是流沙河先生一九九七年题写的“剑铸耕铧，戾气低沉祥气起;门迎览客，杀声远去笑声来”。二层横匾为沙孟海先生题写的“剑门天险”顶层由邑人题写的“眼底长安”。北向门联是古关楼遗联：首当要地，是为双剑之门;体若大邦，或应三刀夜梦。二层横匾是丹阳吴文华题的“天下雄关”、顶层横匾是邵宇题的“雄关天成”。关楼东侧

制高点，筑7.8米高的烽火台，四周有堞垛射孔，平战两用：平时可登台瞭望，观山赏景：战时可燃狼烟烽火，乃古代敌情联络信号，台与楼之间以城墙相连，有断有续，石级踏道，通达其间，成为关楼、城墙、烽火台、梯道为一体的古建筑群，总面积443.56平方米，整个建筑采用了“残、断、缺、旧”的仿古手法，使之新建如旧，断墙、残垣，为人们留下了对历史深沉的回顾，1966年4月20日中科院院长郭沫若游览剑门时，当时既无古关楼，也无今古关楼，只有108国道穿关而过(路比关楼低7米)，所以郭老题写了地名碑后赋诗说：剑门天失险，如砥坦途通......。

“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖，神女应无恙，当惊世界殊。”

要说三峡大坝，不能不先说长江三峡。长江三峡位于长江上游渝鄂川界处，跨重庆市的奉节、巫山和湖北省的巴东、秭归、宜昌五县和宜昌市。西起奉节县白帝城，东至湖北省宜昌市南津关，全长192千米。两岸因燕山运动褶皱隆升的巫山、黄陵庙和八面山山地，由于长江强烈切穿，形成瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡三段大峡及大宁河宽谷、香溪宽谷，总称为长江三峡。

三峡工程在旅游观光中更有其独特的魅力。坛子岭观景台是三峡大坝工程旅游观光的制高点，登上坛子岭，极目远眺，三峡大坝工程的景观可一览无余，尽收眼底。正在建设中的三峡大坝工程的工地上，滚滚的涛声，鼎沸的人声和轰鸣的机器声，声声入耳，汇成了一首热火朝天，汹涌澎湃的劳动交响曲。

三峡大坝建成后，将形成从宜昌到重庆绵延650公里的人工湖，到那时，碧水连天，烟波浩淼，“高峡出平湖”的壮观景象将展现在世人面前。三峡大坝则宛如一条出海的蛟龙腾飞江中，又如一架美丽的彩虹横卧江上。两岸群山叠翠，绿水环绕，小岛星罗棋布，溪流蜿蜒曲折，峡谷纵横交错，秀美的自然风光必将令人们如游画廊，心旷神怡。

Lanzhou is the only city in the Yellow River basin where the Yellow Riverpasses through the city. The city is close to mountains and rivers, and themountains are still, forming a unique urban landscape. In order to highlight thecharacteristics of a city with mountains and waters, the comprehensivedevelopment project of the north and South Mountains environmental greening andthe Yellow River style tourism line is being accelerated. The construction ofroads and bridges on both sides of the urban section of the Yellow River, theconstruction and reinforcement of river embankments, the dredging of shippingrivers, the development of tourist attractions, the style of urban architectureand the greening, beautification and lighting are integrated, and the Silk Roadculture, the Yellow River culture and the national culture are integrated Its acollection.

The Yellow River not only nurtures the people of Lanzhou, but also bringsrich specialties here. Melons and fruits such as brandy melon, soft pear,Dongguo pear and peach are well-known for a long time. Local products such aslily, black melon seeds, rose, bracken and hookah are well-known at home andabroad, making Lanzhou a famous melon and fruit city at home and abroad.

Lanzhou is an important town on the ancient Silk Road. As early as 5000years ago, human beings lived here. In the Western Han Dynasty, the countygovernment was established, which was named Jincheng by the meaning of "JinchengTangchi". At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, it was changed into the generalmanagers office of Lanzhou, which was called Lanzhou. The ancient Silk Road hasalso left many places of interest and splendid culture here, attracting a largenumber of Chinese and foreign tourists to come for sightseeing and tourism,making Lanzhou the center of the Silk Road grand tourist area, which spans 20__kilometers and connects Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Tianshui Maiji Mountain,Yongjing Bingling temple, Xiahe Labrang temple and other famous scenicspots.

大家好!我是故宫旅游业的颜剑大家可以叫我小颜导游，我今天要和大家一起去北京有名的景点：故宫。我们今天要去的地方有：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。

Everybody is good! I am Forbidden City tourism YanJian you can call me xiaoyan tour guide, I want to go with you today Beijing famous scenic spots: the Forbidden City. We went there today: taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace.

我先主要介绍一下故宫：北京故宫，是世界上规模最大、保存最完好的古代皇宫建筑群，是中国古代建筑最高水平的体现。北京故宫，始建于明朝永乐四年(1406)，建成于永乐十八年(1420)，是明清两朝的皇宫，其时称紫禁城，1920xx年始称故宫。从1420xx年明成祖迁都北京，到1920xx年辛亥革命推翻清政府，将末代皇帝溥仪赶出故宫，结束中国历史上封建王朝的统治，故宫一直是中国统治阶级的政治和文化中心，先后经历了24位皇帝。

I mainly introduce the palace first: Beijings Forbidden City, is one of the worlds largest and best preserved ancient palace complex, is the highest level of ancient Chinese architecture. Beijing the imperial palace, the Ming dynasty yongle four years (1406), was built in the eighteenth year (1420), is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, the timely according to the Forbidden City, beginning in 1925, according to the Forbidden City. Ancestor cheng, Beijing from 1421 to 1911 revolution to overthrow the qing government, the last emperor pu yi out of the palace, to end the rule of feudal dynasty in Chinese history, the palace has been the ruling class of the political and cultural center of China, has experienced the 24 emperors.

故宫占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，现有建筑980余座，有屋8700余间，故宫四周绕以10米高的城墙，外有50多米宽的护城河。明清故宫建于北京城的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想，故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，城城包围，显示了森严的等级制度。

The Palace Museum covers an area of 720xx0 square meters, construction area of 150000 square meters, the existing buildings of more than 980, have house more than 8700, around the Forbidden City around 10 meters high walls, and there are more than 50 meters wide moat. The middle of the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace was built in the city, to the north and the south central axis, faces south, which fully reflect the supreme imperial power of the feudal rule, outside the Forbidden City is emperor city, outside the imperial city and Beijing city, the city surrounded by city, shows the guarded hierarchy.

历史上，故宫因火灾和其它原因曾多次重建，但基本格局没有改变，整个皇宫建筑分为南部前朝和北部后廷两部分。前朝有太和、中和、保和三大殿，这三大殿是故宫中最高大的建筑物，也是皇帝举行重大典礼的地方，是封建皇权的象征。后廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，左右东西六宫为翼，是皇帝、皇后、嫔、妃居住的地方。前朝后廷，界限分明，不可随便逾越，体现了中国古代传统的等级分明，内外有别的伦理观念。中国的建筑匠师们将如此大规模的建筑规划得井井有条，利用重重得墙门和庭院把故宫有序地组合成壮丽的建筑群。

In history, the Forbidden City has repeatedly reconstruction for fire and other reasons, but the basic pattern has not changed, the entire palace after the building is divided into north and south power at the two parts. Power with taihe, neutralization, and three main halls, are the three main halls in the Forbidden Citys tallest building, it is the place where the emperor held a major ceremony, is the symbol of the feudal imperial power. Back to the palace of heavenly purity, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility of delivery as the center, around something natural to wing, is the emperor, empress, wives, princess lived. Power after the katyn, clear-cut, cannot overstep casually, embodies the ancient Chinese traditional hierarchical, both inside and outside have other ethics. Craftsman will such a large scale of Chinese architecture planning in order to use heavy doors and courtyard to the imperial palace and orderly combination into the magnificent buildings.

明清故宫的规划和建筑，不仅继承了中国古代建筑的传统，而且有所发展创新，是中国古代文化和中国古代建筑艺术成就的集大成者。其室内外建筑空间的组合、建筑体量大小的搭配、材料的运用、小品的陈设、装饰的制作、色彩的选择都达到了很高的水平，产生了激动人心的艺术效果。

The Forbidden City planning and construction of the Ming and qing dynasty, not only inherited the tradition of ancient Chinese architecture, the development and innovation, is the ancient Chinese culture and the achievements of the ancient Chinese architectural art. Its indoor and outdoor architectural space combination, the collocation of cubic construction size, the use of materials, the sketch of the display, decoration, the choice of the color are reached the high level, the exciting art effect.

Ladies and gentlemen

Now we come to Famen Temple, which is known as "the ancestor of GuanzhongPagoda Temple"

This is the gate square of Famen temple cultural scenic spot. It is locatedin Famen Town, 10 kilometers north of Fufeng County, 120 kilometers east ofXian city and 96 kilometers west of Baoji City.

In recent years, the Shaanxi government has devoted itself to buildingFamen Temple into a veritable Buddha capital of the world, making it the "secondcultural symbol of Shaanxi" after the terracotta warriors and horses. The Famentemple cultural scenic spot is composed of Shanmen square, Foguang Avenue, FamenTemple, Heshi relic tower, numerous artistic Buddha statues and gardensculptures. It comprehensively displays the achievements of Buddhist culture inphilosophy, politics and art, and highlights the splendid history and culture ofthe Chinese nation. Now in front of us is the Mountain Gate of Famen Temple,which is also known as the "three gates". You can see this

The three doors are big in the middle and small on both sides. The emptydoor is in the middle, and the Wuzuo door and Wuxiang door are on both sides. Wegenerally refer to becoming a monk as stepping into the empty door, probablyfrom this.

Famen Temple is famous for its placement of Sakyamunis Buddha finger relicsince ancient times

The gate temple is also built because of the relic and becomes a templebecause of the pagoda. In 485 BC, Sakyamuni Miedu, King Ashoka of the PeacockDynasty of Indias mogatuo state unified India. In order to promote Buddhism, heordered people to divide the Buddha bones into 84000 parts, which were stored invarious parts of the world, and built 84000 sitting towers. In China, there are19 Buddha finger relic towers, the fifth of which is Famen Temple envoy. It hasa history of more than 1700 years. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was calledasokang temple. In the Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Chengbao temple. In the TangDynasty, Li Yuan was renamed Famen Temple. During the 200 years of the TangDynasty, eight emperors successively opened the Underground Palace seven times,welcomed and sent off the Buddhas finger relic six times. Each time theywelcomed and sent off the Buddhas finger relic, they made a great impact on thegovernment and the public, and the emperor worshiped them. There was no otheremperor of high rank. During the reign of emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty, thepagoda of Famen Temple was regarded as the "real body pagoda" to protect thecountry. This shows how prosperous Famen Temple was in the Tang Dynasty. Butafter the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Famen Temple gradually declined.

During the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty, after hundreds of years ofhistory, the four level wooden tower of the Tang Dynasty collapsed. Later, localgentlemen donated money to repair the tower. After 30 years, a 13 level bricktower with eight edges was built. However, in the Qing Dynasty, it was tiltedand cracked because of the earthquake. In 1939, under the leadership of Mr. Zhuziqiao, a patriot, the largest repair was completed in the late Ming Dynasty.But in 1981, the tower collapsed in half. In 1985, the local government preparedto rebuild it. In 1987, the underground palace was discovered by accident whileclearing the foundation of the tower. After the silence of 1113 years, 2999pieces of national treasures of the Tang Dynasty, surrounded by Buddhas realfinger bones, returned to the world. The rare treasures unearthed in theunderground palace are of great value in the study of Chinese social andpolitical history, cultural history, science and technology history, Chinese andforeign exchange history, art history and other aspects. Now lets go to theunderground palace to see the Buddha finger relic. The underground palace ofFamen Temple is the oldest, largest and highest level pagoda underground palacein the world. The Buddha finger relic unearthed from the underground palace isthe real body relic of Sakyamuni Buddha, which has been found in the world andconfirmed by documents and inscriptions. It is the highest sacred object in theBuddhist world. There are four Buddha finger relic, of which the third one isspirit bone, and the other three are shadow bone. Spirit bone is Sakyamunisreal Buddha finger, and the other three are imitated by Tang emperor in order toprotect spirit bone. Among more than 27000 coins unearthed from the undergroundpalace, 13 tortoiseshell Kaiyuan Tongbao coins are the earliest and uniquetortoiseshell coins found in the world. The 13 pieces of palace secret colorporcelain unearthed from the underground palace are the earliest in the worldand confirmed by inscriptions. Secret color porcelain is a kind of celadon,which is specially made for the royal family. Due to its complex process andsecret formula, it is called secret color porcelain. The double wheel 12 ringsunearthed from the underground palace

The big stick is the earliest, the largest, the highest grade and the mostexquisite Buddhist weapon found in the world. Then, some of the rare treasures Ijust mentioned have been looked at by you just now, and others are treasured inthe Famen Temple Museum nearby. Lets go and have a look.

Coming out of the underground palace, in front of it is the Hexi relictower of Famen Temple. It took three years to build. The tower is 148 metershigh. You can see that the shape of the tower is like the hands of Hexi. Doesthe hollow out part in the middle look like a traditional tower of the TangDynasty? The broad road we just walked is the Foguang Avenue. With a totallength of 1230 meters, a width of 108 meters and an area of about 140000 squaremeters, Foguang Avenue is not only a way to become a Buddha, but also the mainlandscape axis of the scenic spot. The two ends of Foguang Avenue are connectedwith Shanmen square and pilgrimage square, which can accommodate 100000 people.We compare the mountain gate to this shore, which is the present world. Theavenue of Buddhas light leads all living beings to the other shore, which meansthe ten stupas.

Now we come to the Famen Temple Museum, which consists of four exhibitionrooms: the historical exhibition of Famen Temple, the Buddhist cultureexhibition of Famen Temple, the mandala culture exhibition of Famen Temple andthe treasure exhibition of Famen Temple.

The historical display tube of Famen Temple mainly shows people thehistorical cause of the construction of Famen Temple and the historical objectsof the construction of Famen Temple in various historical dynasties

There are 44 national treasure level cultural relics and 99 first-classcultural relics in the Famen Temple Museum of Tang Dynasty treasures. It is thelargest proportion of Chinas treasure level cultural relics among the 88museums in Shaanxi Province. You can see the secret color porcelain I justmentioned here, and you can also see the treasures of Tang Dynasty silkproducts: gold cluster embroidery, which refers to the pattern of flowers formedby gold silk plate fixed to silk The top of the silk. Silk is not easy topreserve, many of them are weathered. The first thing that makes gold clusterembroidery valuable is that it is as well preserved as new. The second thing isits production technology. Now there are 20 gold threads in Japan and 70 inChina, but in the ancient Tang Dynasty, this drawing technology has reached6.

Next, lets visit the treasure Pavilion. One of them is the king of thefour drums and twelve rings. The so-called staff, in fact, is not made of tin,but when you shake it, it will make a sound. This staff is made of 2 taels ofgold and 58 taels of silver, which represents the highest mana in Buddhism.

Well, out of the treasure Pavilion, our trip to Famen Temple is coming toan end. I hope my explanation will leave you a good memory.

Dear tourists

Hello, everyone. Im No.3 tour guide. My name is Tian Yihan.

Welcome to Mount Tai. Its a great honor for me to show you the beautifulscenery of Mount Tai. I hope you can have a good time and have a good time.Please remember my contact number, 5383028.

Mount Tai, known as the "Five Sacred Mountains", is located in the centralpart of Shandong Province. of great momentum. With a total area of more than 420square kilometers and an altitude of 1545 meters, it ranks the third afterHuashan and Hengshan. It has a solemn and dignified momentum, attractingcountless tourists to visit here.

Now, Ill show you how to climb and watch. There are many places ofinterest in Mount Tai. The first one is Dai Temple. Cultural relics areconcentrated here. It is a palace like building complex. Chinese calligraphy artis concentrated here.

We are now in front of the main building of Dai Temple, which is 223 metershigh and 48 meters long. 7 meters, 19 wide. 79 meters. Hall a total of 9,Diaolianghuadong, yellow tile cover top, resplendent.

Yuhuangding is the highest peak of Mount Tai. We can see the sea of clouds,the sunrise, the strange peaks and the Yellow River there. Its sobeautiful!

Let me introduce you here first. Please follow me and have a good time. Ihope you can have a good time in the past few days in Mount Tai and become yourbest memory in the past few days.

各位游客朋友大家好，首先我代表我们__旅游社对大家的到来表示热烈欢迎，欢迎大家在这个秋高气爽的季节里来到焦作参观旅游。我是本次旅行的导游员小王。在旅行中，大家如果有什么意见或者建议，都可以向我们提出来，我们会虚心接受。我希望大家能够互相关心、爱护，为本次旅程留下一段圆满而美好的回忆。

我们将要游览的是云台山，云台山是国家五A级景区，景区面积190平方公里，包含泉瀑峡、潭瀑峡、红石峡、子房湖、百家岩、万善寺、仙苑、圣顶、叠彩峡、青龙峡等十大景点。

好了，游客朋友我们现在来到了云台山的第一大景点——红石峡。红石峡是云台山的精华。被风景园林专家称赞“自然山水精品廊。”游览需要一个半小时左右，请大家带好随身物品，注意安全。

首先，我们从红石峡的大门往里走，会看到形状各异的石头，现在是陡峭的山路，会让大家心惊胆战，请大家不要害怕。过了一线天桥，是由陡又窄的山路，再往前走，就到了黑龙洞，这个洞长三十米，洞内只有几盏小灯，会让我们觉得阴森森的，在洞内能听见水声哗哗的响，但只闻其声，不见其水。

红石峡的最大特点就是石头是红色的，这一点还有一个传说：相传从前红石峡住着九条龙，主要以黑、白两个龙王为首，一次两个龙王下棋，白龙输了，它不服气，黑龙大怒，便和白龙打了起来，龙血将满山的石头都染成了红色，那个棋盘就变成了棋盘石。这只是一个神话般的传说，而红石峡的石头是红色的，真正的原因是让我们体验了14亿年前震旦地壳运动所造成的遗迹。

好了，今天我就给大家介绍到这里，明天我将继续带领大家游览云台山的其它景点。接下来的时间，大家可以拍照留念，给自己留下永恒的回忆吧!

Dear visitors:

Everybody is good! Everybody call me weeks. Today, I take you to visit the Great Wall of world-famous. During the visit, please protect the cultural heritage, the wall graffito of the scribble not, not disorderly garbage.

Chairman MAO once said: "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall." As a Chinese people why dont we go visit? Right! Now we will go when men, mounted the former see head, after the end of the Great Wall. There is a touching legend about the Great Wall: intelligent and hardworking meng jiangnu, in order to find the officers and soldiers to catch to built the Great Walls husband, all the way to the Great Wall. After more than doubling about, but learned that her husband is alive dead tired! The news like a bolt from the blue, meng jiangnu cry for three days and three nights at the foot of the Great Wall, "bang" 1, the Great Wall in 800.

Now we are standing on the badaling Great Wall, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall. Tourists, look at the countless stone, a two or three one thousand catties, at that time there were no trains, cars, no crane, rely on countless countless hands, shoulders step by step, carry on the steep mountains. Look at these, you can think of the Great Wall is perhaps the epitome of many working people sweat and wisdom.

The beauty of the Great Wall, also dont say dont say it now, please walk to enjoy!

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Lushan. My name is Qiu. You can call me Qiuguide. Its a great honor to be your guide. Let me show you the charm of LushanMountain.

Lushan Mountain is located in the south of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Provincein Central China, bordering on the Yangtze River and Panyang Lake in the north.The total area of the whole mountain forest is 302 square kilometers. It is longfrom north to South and narrow from east to west. There are more than 90 peaksin the whole mountain. The highest peak is dahanyang peak, 14734 meters abovesea level. There are many valleys, caves and streams scattered among the peaks,and the topography is complex. Lushan Mountain is famous for its wonderful,beautiful, dangerous and majestic scenery in the world. It has 12 scenic spots,37 scenic spots and 230 scenic spots. Lushan has long been a legend of the landof immortals.

Lushan Mountain is a famous mountain for thousands of years, whichintegrates Hill scenery, Wei Hua, religion, education and politics. It is thecradle of Chinese landscape poetry. Since ancient times, countless scholars havevisited Lushan Mountain, leaving more than 4000 poems and songs for them. Whenwe come to Donglin temple, I begin to introduce: Huiyuan, a famous monk of PudaiDynasty (334-416 A.D.), established Donglin temple in the mountains, created thePure Land Sect in Buddhism, and made Lushan an an important religious resort infeudal China. Bailudong academy, which remains today, is the central institutionof education in ancient China. The Mount Lu also features architecturalmasterpieces of various styles, including the Rome style and brothers stylechurches, the Byzantine architecture that combines the eastern and Western artforms, and the Japanese architecture and Islamic temple. Lushan Mountain notonly has beautiful natural scenery, but also has rich and splendid culturalconnotation. Then we swam the hero slope, the plant circle`

Tourists, todays tour is over. Thank you for visiting the worldheritage.