英文导游词的创作与讲解【实用20篇】

I walk in the road, the following hatosy park will take in everything in a glance. Clear hatosy seems endless, little small boats gliding slowly moving on the surface of the lake, like only cute little ducks play in the water. My temper is very urgent, generally to hatosy. Can see hatosy water green, LanYingYing, pieces of the leaves fall in the river, dressed beautiful hatosy already more appealing. The only fish in the water happily, watching it all, seem to see the ancient official - bao zheng. Bao handle affairs justice, integrity, remain uncorrupted, never accept a little wealth.

We move on. I walked, while watching the river. In the backdrop of the sun, hatosy like put on a studded gold piece silver piece of coat, still shining! On one side of the weeping willows the river as a mirror, carefully washed with jade hand wash and dress her long hair, the whole hatosy look more beautiful in the park.

Of course, to hatosy park, rowing is indispensable. Its not my uncle had just paid the deposit, I cant wait to climb on the ship. Im sitting in the drivers position, a hand wheel, one hand on the door, blowing straight cool wind, simply means defect! "Click" sound, uncle, my hatosy and willow left aside.

This trip to hatosy park, let my life aftertaste!

Hello everyone! First of all, on behalf of the travel agency, I would liketo welcome you to Chaohu for sightseeing and sightseeing. I am your guide. Todaywe run this arrangement, the first in the morning tour of Hutian Shengjingtemple, on Laoshan Island, on the way to swim Lake Avenue, Chaohu, Kameyama; WeiLi in Chinese restaurant, afternoon tour silver Ping Shan Scenic Area, theconcept of the Millennium - p.suffruticosa, fairy cave, Spa Resort back rest. WeChaohu city is named for Chaohu, it covers an area of 9423 square kilometers,the total population of 4 million 500 thousand, under the jurisdiction ofLujiang County, Wuwei County County, Hanshan County, as well as the Juchaodistrict boundary between Hefei and Wuhu in two cities, Hefei, Chuzhou, and thesurrounding Luan, Anqing City, bordering the river, Wuhu, and TonglingMaanshan City, the three look relatively. Chaohu in the Shang and Zhou Jian NanChao, the spring and Autumn period to nest in Qin and Han Dynasties set JuchaoTang home, Chaozhou, later called the county, 84 years instead of Chaoxian,Chaohu City, in the 99 year the State Council withdrew the county of ChaohuCity, the establishment of the prefecture level city of Chaohu.

Our Chaohu cultural landscape and the natural landscape is very rich, it isknown as the garden of Anhui, Chaohu specialty is also very much, such as ChaohuChaohu honey, Sophora japonica, fireworks, etc.. Now our car is driving on theLake Road, the Lake Avenue is a set of tourism, flood control, traffic in one,in the 91 years after the flood that began to build up, a total length of 53meters, then you can see the left is our Chaohu lake water, 800 squarekilometers, lake the 23 towns are surrounded by three County District, andLujiang County, Feidong County, Feixi county and Juchao district. We Chaohu andDongting Lake, Hongze lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu and are known as the five largestfreshwater lakes, and we Chaohu in the five largest freshwater lakes are thesmallest. Chaohu, also known as the coke lake. It is said that in ancient timesof Chaohu, a small white dragon without rainfall except sweat, sweat, madetiantiao, was the emperor censureddescends to earth, when coke Laoshan saved,the small white dragon at the focal Laoshan life-saving grace, so he told theemperor to trap nest the matter, and inform all the neighbors in Laoshan cokeso, all the neighbors to Mian victims, however, but when the coke basking byneighbor delay the chance to escape flooded, the daughter also lost a pair ofshoes in a hurry to run and was flooded, and later people to commemorate thefocal basking spirit, will be in the lake called coke lake. The coke is made ofa mu Laoshan, daughter turned into a mountain, one of her shoes into the shoehill.

Of course, this is just a myth of Chaohu. The real Chaohu formation is ofcourse the result of the movement of the earths crust. The three treasure ofour Chaohu is silvery fish, white rice prawns and crabs. Chaohu lake basin ismainly Yuxi River and Yangtze River flows through their cattle Tunhe. Laoshanisland covers an area of 0.86 square kilometers, 105 meters above sea level. Thetower that we see now is the Wenfeng tower. There was a sharp peak aroundLaoshan, Luzhou champion. In order to verify the Ergui Luzhou Fu Yan Song, inthe Ming Dynasty for four years (1631) built four storey tower, after thepeasant uprising and stop work, to the four years of the Qing Dynasty (1878)Foreign Affairs Minister Li Hongzhang and Juan, built three storey tower, thetower has seven floors, eight horns, 51 meters high, 133. The tower post carved802 Buddha statues, stone tablets 25 questions. There is a poem in Guo RuomusPoems: yaokan Chaohu Kingnet, love aunt hair like oil, namely, second auntbasking.

大家好，欢迎来到丽江，我是你们的导游黄思祺，今天我们将要游览的是丽江古城，大家跟我一起出发吧！

丽江古城位于中国西南部云南省丽江市，丽江古城又名大研镇，坐落在丽江坝中部，丽江古城是一座没有城墙的古城，光滑洁净的青石板路，完全手工建造的土木房屋，无处不在的小桥流水。丽江古城是一座具有人文气息的小城，明亮的阳光下总会有步履缓慢上了年纪的纳西族老人悠闲踱步他们对身后的目光视而不见，不屑一顾，。丽江古城的街道依山傍水修建，铺的大多都是红色的砾岩，雨季不会泥泞，旱季不会飞灰，石上的花纹自然雅致。

大家看，现在出现在我们眼前的是木府。木府是古城内的古代建筑，原为明代丽江土

司衙门的府邸，是当时丽江地区政治，文化中心。“北有故宫，南有木府。”跨过清水汨汨的

流水小桥，突见一座木碑坊赫然立于土木瓦顶居民之间，跨进朱红的木府大门眼前豁然开朗，一片开阔的地面上巍然耸立一座金碧辉煌的宫殿，汉白玉基座雕刻精美。

丽江，一个悠闲自在的城市，我们可以在长着青苔的石板路上走走停停，看老房子檐上挂的红灯笼，我们可以在小院里的长椅上晒一个下午的太阳，一米阳光，一湾春水，一片青瓦，恢宏的气势，使人恍若置身于皇宫之内。

大家好好地享受吧！

There are words that: the sight of the sea water, the body to penglai is a fairy; Fairyland sea wonderland cannot find, find the fairy.

Distinguished visitors, hello, and welcome to the known as "paradise on earth," said the penglai pavilion to visit tourist. Im the tour guide to service for you, I... .

Penglai pavilion is located in yantai penglai city. Penglais charm lies not only in its heavy historical and cultural accumulation and the diffused scenery, also is that it has a beautiful myths and legends. Shanhaijing and I book the penglai, yingzhou, the abbot three graphically depicts the sacred. Then the king sent explorers were all at sea for mountain; Qin shihuang east tour for medicine; The emperor USES fangxian, etc. According to historical records, penglai to often appear a north sea, the scattered gas, get together and forming, elusive and unpredictable. Those good things to the alchemist in a fantasy magic deduce the legend of three mountain sea mountain, lifelike picture a desirable fairy world, added a few minutes to penglai. Later "ensemble" also to join here, more vivid and attractive, referred to as the "wonderland" is worthy of the name.

Now penglai pavilion scenic area centered on danya mountain, penglai shuicheng hotan hengshan as two wings, is a natural scenery and human landscape and be in harmony an organic whole of sites of scenic spot. Penglai pavilion was built in the northern song dynasty jia on six years (AD 1061), after the song, Ming and qing three generations of constant expansion and renovation, the size of the form now.

Penglai pavilion stands Yu Danya mountain, sea of clouds light wave surrounded by mountains, sea and mountain scenery emerge in endlessly. The grand buildings from the penglai pavilion, the queen of heaven, dragon palace, Lv Zudian, cliffs, MiTuo temple six monomer and its affiliated construction, covers an area of 1.89 square kilometers. Because of penglai pavilion magical sights and grand scale, and the yellow crane tower, yueyang tower, tengwang pavilion and referred to as the "four famous towers in China". Pavilion literati in calligraphy, couplets and inscriptions, abound. Published in 1982 by the state council as the national key cultural relics protection unit. On December 24, 20xx penglai pavilion scenic area as the first national 5 a-class tourist scenic spot.

Said ok, we have to penglai pavilion, now, let us together along the old imperial fairy found footprints, walk into fairyland to meetthe you immortal!

We have now come to the front of penglai pavilion, look at "the world penglai", this is the four pillars to the type of single eaves coloured drawing or pattern, frontal subject "human penglai" four characters, and for the script of su dongpo. Inside and outside the pillar were inscribed on both sides of the artist liu haisu topic "penglai pavilion, amazing spectacular momentum XiongJun danya mountain" and bother me inscribed "danya Joan pavilion is at large, blue fairy if mind leap" couplets, reveal the arched gate of fairyland, visitors can start immortal tour.

See next is MiTuo temple, was built in the tang dynasty, this is the only buddhist temples to penglai pavilion scenic. Inside the main hall of worship is three SAN eighteen arhats in the west. Is in the middle of amitabha, the left is the avalokitesvara, is on the right is a general trend to bodhisattva.

What we see now is "danya wonderland" fang, fang forehead "danya wonderland" four word was written by dong to mention. Into the wonderland of natural psychic ability, now you see visions. Manifestations of the gate we went west to the dragon palace. Dragon palace QianDian inside to worship the dragon king of the two generals gatekeepers, east to dinghai, general west for general jing hai. Walked into the dragon kings throne room, sitting among the east China sea dragon king AoGuang. The east stand were patrolling the sea hag, clairvoyance, tripterygium wilfordii and electricity. On the west side of the catch fish lang, clairaudient, wind and the rain god.

To move forward, we have entered the temple QianDian, first of all, you can see on the wall there is a word, you know not to know what a word is this? , "shou" word, just the life of word and ordinary life of words is different, it is by the five dynasties bodhi old zu Chen tuan book, it is made up of three words, are "rich", "Mr", "Lin" form a "shou" word, means to tell us: to be rich, if you want to live longer, have to a variety of trees.

Further on we came to the throne room, you can see, in the middle of sacrifice this is days empress, she in fujian and Chinese Taiwan area was known as the "mazu", her name is called Lin Mo, fujian putian person, wont cry when it is said that she had just been born, so her parents gave her a name called Lin Monian, she is very smart, at the age of five will chant, at the age of twelve to maritime induction very efficacious, so she often helps fishermen had at the seaside again and again to the perils of the sea, unfortunately she was twenty-eight years old that year were lost at sea, in memory of her people, by the sea built temples to worship her. It is said that she was very efficacious, soft touch, so this is the place where the penglai pavilion, incense is the most exuberant.

To move forward in our left hand side is the "blue sea steps" sharpening. "Educational spirit of the" four word is written by Mr Feng yuxiang. So why did he write down here "educational spirit of the" four word? It is said that after the 918 incident in 1931, Japan began to large-scale invasion, Chiang kai-shek, not only not advocating anti-japanese, but also the civil war, feng yuxiang is compelling, Chiang kai-shek cant take part in the anti-japanese, mood is very low. Another patriotic general in the kuomintang Li Liejun feng yuxiang in 1934 May invite to visit penglai, discuss the anti-japanese, then wrote a couplet Li Liejun, top allied is: if our stone, the same steps helped himself; Allied is: jiangshan picturesque, all by hand to hand, holding things around. Feng yuxiang let out a horizontal batch, the feng yuxiang then start to write down the "blue sea steps" these four words, later generations to commemorate him, just four words engraved on it to here.

We look this way again, this is the main body construction "penglai pavilion", it with the yueyang tower, yellow crane tower and tengwang pavilion And called Chinas four famous towers. It was built Song Jiayou six years, "penglai pavilion" three word above is by the qing dynasty calligrapher TieBao book. Now on the first floor is some penglai scenery photo exhibition, the second floor of the eight immortals drunk wax.

Through the penglai pavilion, come back.

Shelter pavilion, formerly known as a pavilion, built in zhengde eight years (1513) magistrate yan t l. application building. Pavilion wall engraved stone 25 square, one of the Ming dynasty yuan can force the concept of a poem, dong qichang allograph, warm jade sharpening, motorcycling, as into a quiet said. Another ShiRunZhang, Kong Jisu script in the qing dynasty, is a very precious calligraphy. But I want to say the magic blurred was not here, but the shelter pavilion buildings stand on a mountain, facing the sea, but no matter what kind of wind blowing, you in the booth in the lighting a candle, the flame will still. Friend, dont you think its mysterious?

Now let me tell you the secret, from the north side of the pavilion is a brick walls, the walls to halfway up the pavilion, the walls of the city and an arc. So when the north wind blow to the curved walls, formed a strong airflow, rising sharply. Flying over the roof, to the south, booth in then there is no wind. Plus what pavilion south three sides is a wall, only the north have doors and Windows, air convection. So, despite the wind roar, doors and Windows wide open, booth in silk still, but wind candles not jing.

Continue to go to the east is lie on display. It is su shi "a poem today", "book after wu daoxuan painting" banner named tablet. The front of the monument is cursive "book after wu daoxuan painting", is a regular script on the back of the projects the poem ". Small at the back of the words in front of the inscriptions is big, we all know that su shi is like drinking poems, tribute wine when it is becoming more and more bold. After experts identified this is su shis original. Side and the qing dynasty Gong Bao antithetical couplet of "mirage mirage, loyal son namely fairy" that is the fairy wonderland is unreal unreal, only faithful to the country, the man is really a filial daughter of the gods.

To move forward we came to the su gong tie is the temple, to commemorate su dongpo su gong tie is shrine was built. This is su dongpo among image sharpening calligraphy, the original six let temple in guangzhou. He has worked in in 5 year. But save in this short five days made two good thing for the people of penglai. One is to build coastal defence, the other is reduction the salt tax of the people. In penglai folk have circulated su gong tie is "knowledge in five days, one thousand temple" 美谈.

This is called bing, floor, say again your back floor, stair climb, vision, and make a great place for the sunrise. The dance epic "the east is red" big history, has been chosen as a background, the film at the beginning of the picture of the sunrise is taken here.

Landmark is beside penglai pavilion shining floor, we saw from the mountain is the highest building in it. In the past is indicates the lighthouse beacon.

Standing here we see the penglai shuicheng, another name for city. Is the first port in ancient China, the portal of the east. Since the han dynasty was listed as a military town. Song Qingli for two years, when driving a ship called water-forces "saury ships", the walled city is called "saury village". Ming hongwu nine years, the Ming government in order to prevent the enemys attack, as saury village built on the basis of the wharf, formed the shuicheng prototype today. City have two doors, the north is called the watergate, is the throat of in and out of the sea. South gate called powersun door, and land are interlinked. This is also where practice qi jiguang wenhuan.

Now the house is in front of us is Lv Zudian, Lv Zu is lu dongbin, pavilion with lu dongbin like stone. Go ahead cliffs, enshrined in Taoism, is considered the father of the three, they are pure spi Buddha, too clear moral Buddha, jade qing yuan Buddha.

Further on, we came to the last penglai pavilion scenic spot - the cloud palace. Legend has it baiyun palace is a place where they have himself. In "goddess marriage", they have a lyrics, "my family live in penglai village". Hand-woven cloth in penglai village, of course, is dedicated in Asgard, so, out of the clouds of palace, even if returned to the earth.

Ok, above is the penglai pavilion are the main attractions, you can now take pictures photos, after 15 minutes, in this collection we get in the car and went to the next attraction.

颐和园英文导游词【最全】

颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区十五公里，占地约二百九十公顷，与圆明园毗邻。它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。下面是由小编为大家带来的关于颐和园英文导游词，希望能够帮到您！

颐和园英文导游词

the tour will take 4-6 hours. the route is as follows:

out side the east gate-side the east gate –in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity- in front of garden of virtuous harmony-in front of the grand theater building- a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall o jade ripples- in front of the o jade ripples- in front of the yiyunguan (chamber of mortal being)-hall of happiness and longevity- in front of the yaoyue (chamber of mortal beings)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon ) gate of the long corridor- strolling along the long corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the hall of dispelling clouds- inside the hall of dispelling clouds- atop the tower of buddhist incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense- inside the garden of harmonious interest –outside the south gate to suzhou shopping street- atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the kunming lake-leaving out through the east gate.

(out side the east gate)

ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .

during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.

the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750. at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories. the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong. with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements. in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan (garden of perfection and brightness) by angol-french allied forces. in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace). characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world. this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a chinese inscription which means garden of nurtured harmony” , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu. the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. all others used the side doors.

(inside the east gate)

the summer palace can be divided into two parts: longevity hill and kunming lake .the whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .this imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. the layout of the summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. entering the east gate we will come the the office quarters. entering the east gate we will come to the office quarters. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty. this is the gate of benevolence and longevity. above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both chinese and manchurian characters. the gigantic rock in the foreground is known as taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden. on the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as qilin or xuanni . it was said to the one of the nine sons of dragon king. a point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin. it was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity. this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was built in 1750 , and was known as the hall of industrious government. emperor qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them . after the rebuilding of the summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs. in the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons. on either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire. the small chambers on eight side were where the emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions. on the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions. they are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs. also on the veranda are tai ping (peace) bronze water vats made during the reign of emperor qianlong. as a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuous harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with beijing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smiles. the grand theater building known as the cradle of beijing opera” was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. on september 10, 1984, the garden of virtuous harmony opened its doors to visitors. there are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here. the staff here put up court dresses of qing dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages. all of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top. a well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage. there are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface. the underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible .of the three main theater building of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and the largest. the other two are changyin (fluent voice ) pavilion in chengde, an imperial summer resort. the building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of beijing opera: since the completion of the grand theater building, many performances were held in it in honor of the empress dowager cixi.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolent and longevity. it appears that there` s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is a application of a specific style of chinese gardening. not far away in the lake there is a islet. it is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery. the pavilion on the islet is called zhichun (understanding spring) pavilion and is chardcterized by four- edged, multiple eaved roofs.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the hall of jade ripples. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. it was also where emperor guangxu of the late qing dynasty was kept under house arrest. this hall is a hallmark of the reform movement of 1898, emperor guanxu was empress dowager cixi` s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, empress dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes. when emperor guanxu was 19 years old ,empress dowager cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see.. dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see. (in front of yiyunguan (chamber of mortal beings) this was where empress and empress dowager of china` s feudal system. however, emperor guanxu was not the last emperor of the qing dynasty. the last in the line was emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married . in 1912, he was forced to abdicate. during the short reign of emperor puyi. empress longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of empress dowager. in 1911, a revolution led by dr. sun yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, empress longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of china.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

the aged empress dowager cixi was so fond of the summer palace that she decided to live here from april through october of every year. this group of buildings served as her residence. this group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side .the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting . with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. no wonder one of empress dowager cixi` s pleasure boat. on the pier there is a tall lantern post. flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace. the interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle. at mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and empress dowager cixi would dine on 128 courses. because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals. on the east side of the living room is the cloak room. the bedroom in on its west. in front of the yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate of the long corridor the famed long corridor is ahead. facing kunming lake and in the foreground of longevity hill, the long corridor stretches from yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate to shizhang (stony old man) pavilion. it is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions. in 1990 ,it was listed in guinness book of world records.

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace .since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions (beauty-retaining pavilion, enjoy-the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion and clarity distance pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation. thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex. this corridor can also be called a corridor of paintings ”: there are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams. some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the west lake in hangzhou, zhejian province. others present scenes from literary classics. the majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of emperor qianlong, who preperred the scenery of south china.

(by the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)

this group of temple-shaped structures are known as qinghua (clarified china) hall ,also known as arhat hall during the reign of emperor qianlong. the original hall burned down in 1860. after it was reconstructed, it was renamed. qinghua hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the summer palace. the hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn. among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade assemblages from the ming and qing dynasties, and rare and paintings. there is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width. it bears the handwritten inscriptions of emperor qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the xinjiang region. only this slab survived when the angle-french allied forces set fire to the summer palace.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the hall of dispelling clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to empress dowager cixi. it was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls. in the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges . starting from the lakeside, there lies in succession a memorial archway, the gate of dispelling clouds, the hall of dispelling clouds and the tower of buddhist incense. all of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor. this was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the tower of buddhist incense, which was a symbol of imperial power. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.

(inside the hall of dispelling clouds)

the original buildings on this site were burned down by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. a new set of structures was built during the reign of emperor guanxu, and was called the hall of dispelling clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland. the hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room. inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans. on a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods. at the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers. the 10th day of lunar october was ,empress dowager cixi` s birthday. on that day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts. now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the summer palace- the tower of buddhist incense. what we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height. it has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years. so, let` s go !

(in the front of the tower of buddhist incense)

an octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the tower of buddhist incense is the very center of the summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient chinese architecture. the tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs. with its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the tower of buddhist incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it .the tower overlooks kunming lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers .on the west side of the tower stands baoyunge (precious cloud pavilion). it is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight. it resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail. it is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in china. lamas prayed here during the reign of emperor qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families. at the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad. in 1992 an american company bought the windows and returned them intact to china.

(on a hilltop leading from the back door of tower of buddhist incense)

now we can see the long and snaking western causeway and a shorter dike that divides kunming lake into three areas that contain south lake island, seaweed-viewing island and circle city island. the three island represent three mountain in ancient chinese mythology, i. e. penglai, fangzhang and yingzhou. this peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of emperor wudi of the han dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity. as the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands. using artificial building techniques, the ancient chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.

(inside the garden of harmonious interest)

setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of china traditional architectural styles. the garden of harmonious interest serves as a fine example of this. this garden was built under the order of emperor qianlong and modeled after the jichang garden (garden of ease of mind )at the foot of mount huishan, jiansu province. it was renamed by his son emperor jiaqing in 1811. the existing garden was rebuilt by emperor or guangxu. empress dowager cixi used to go fishing here. the garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries with all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the garden of harmonious interest is basically a garden of waterscape. spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others. the most famous of them is the bridge known as knowing –the fishing-bridge.” it is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the warring states period, two philosophere named zhuang zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond. zhang said, ”fish swim to and fro in the water. what happy fish!” hui asked , ”you are not a fish. how do you know they are happy? ” zhuang replied, you are not me .how do you know i don’t know? ” hui signed, i am not you ,therefore, i don’t know you . and you are not a fish ,so how do you know that fish are happy? ” zhang said, you ask me how i know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?” although the garden of harmonious interest was designed after jichang garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it .

(outside the south entrance to suzhou shopping street)

now lets have a look at longevity hill. on the back slope of the hill stands a group of architectures. the centerpiece of structures there are known as the four continents and are dedicated to buddhism. this group was laid out and arranged in accordance with buddhist cosmology. aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the four continents, there are eight towers representing minor continents. the shrine is surrounded by four lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon. the qing authority attached great importance to buddhism. to further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both han and tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples. further north at the foot of the four major continent lies the suzhou shopping street. built along the back lake of the summer palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores. it includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses. in order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style chinese coins for use here. storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments. the commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.

(atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street)

visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in south china. as a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in suhzhou. originally known as emperor` s shopping street, it was built during the reign of emperor qianlong. after making several inspection tours to south china and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity, emperor qianlong ordered the construction of this street. the imperial shopping street was burnt down by anglo-french allied forces in 1860. the site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began. it was opened to the public in september 1990. with commercial culture as its hallmark, the suzhou shopping street is a vivid representation of china` s traditional cultures.

(on the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)

this is the hall of pines. from it to the west we can walk to the marble boat. the path we aree taking stretches between longevity hill and back lake. monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it .hence it was named central imperial path. along this path you will see lilacs all around. hence, this road is also known as the path of lilac.

(in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring)

quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor qianlong, among which the garden of complete spring was one of the most famous. the ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored. this group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels. all of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases. with its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the garden of complete spring serves as a fine model for other gardens. emperor qianlong frequently visited this compound.

(along the lakeside by the marble boat)

now we have returned from the back of longevity hill to the front. there is the famous marble boat. this structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble. on top of it is a two storeyed structure. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks. the drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads. according to a book written by emperor qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the qing dynasty. halfway up the slope there stands the hall for listening to orioles . the ancient chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts. it is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to beijing. more than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late premier zhou enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests. (sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat. those who do not can go abroad right away. those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the long corridor to the outside of the east gate). (boating on kunmin lake) we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat. as a main part of the summer palace, kunming lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort. this natural lake is more than 3500 years old. this lake was originally called wengshan lake. in 1749 emperor qianlong ordered the construction of qingyi garden, the predecessor of the summer palace. involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for beijing. from 1990 to 1991, the beijing municipal government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years .involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the japanese during the anti-japanese war were removed. the summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat. there used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the kunming merry dragon” was the most famous. it was destroyed by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. to make the tour of the summer palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat tai he ” (supreme harmony )was built. this double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high. it can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour. small pleasure boats are also available to tourist. another major spot of interest on the western causeway is jingming (bright view ) hall. both its front and rear face the lake. this structure also features three two- storeyed halls of varying heights. our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore. today we only visited the major scenic areas of the summer palace. i have left other spot of interest for your next visit. i will show you out through the east gate. i hope you enjoyed today` s tour. thank you .good-bye and good luck.

Hello, tourists! My name is Wang Xiangyu. Im your tour guide. Just call meXiao Wang. Welcome to Jiuhua Mountain. Lets first introduce the generalsituation of Jiuhua Mountain. Jiuhua Mountain is located in Chizhou City, AnhuiProvince. It is the main scenic spot of the "two mountains and one lake" goldentourist area in Anhui Province. It has beautiful scenery and numerous ancienttemples. It is also known as the four famous Buddhist mountains in China withMount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Wutai in Shanxi and Mount Putuo in Zhejiang.

Jiuhua Mountain was not originally called Jiuhua Mountain, but Jiuzimountain in the Tang Dynasty. Because of its beautiful peaks, there are ninepeaks above the clouds, so there are nine Jiuzi mountains. During the reign ofTang Tianbao, Li Bai, an immortal poet, had been there twice

Next, we first enter the Jiuhua Street scenic spot, and the first thing wesee is a stone gate square. It is carved out of marble, 9 meters high, and is animitation of the Hui style architecture of the Qing Dynasty. The banner isengraved with the four characters "Jiuhua Shengjing" written by Emperor Kangxi.There are stone lions carved under the two pillars of the middle gate. The gateis dignified and elegant. After passing the gate, you can see Yingxian bridge.This bridge was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. It is a single holestone arch bridge. Please follow me to this ancient bridge and step into thefairyland!

Well, after visiting Zhiyuan temple, we are now at the center of Jiuhuastreet. What you can see is Huacheng temple, the kaishanzu Temple of JiuhuaMountain. Under the stone steps of Huacheng temple, there are a pair of stonelions in Song Dynasty, one female and one male, which are ancient and clumsy.Huacheng Temple gradually rises according to the terrain, with rigorousstructure, simple and elegant, basically preserving the original style ofkaishanzu temple.

Well, our tour of Jiuhua Mountain has come to an end. Thank you for yoursupport and cooperation in Xiao Wangs work. I hope we will continue to serveyou in the future. Have a good trip! Thank you!

10月13日，我和爸爸妈妈来到了珠海的圆明新园。圆明新园是仿照北京圆明园的原貌建设的。去年，我和妈妈去过北京的圆明园，所以一进圆明新园就知道是仿照的。刚进到圆明新园就看到了‘正大光明’殿，然后我们坐了观光车来到黄山的‘飞来石’，车停下来我们照了一张相片。‘飞来石’上面写着一个大大的红色的‘佛’字，‘佛’字的旁边还有一排排小经筒。随后我们到了‘琼华楼’，在这里有宫廷乐器和歌舞表演。舞台上有‘编钟’、琵琶、古筝和笛子，音乐非常优美，我听的如痴如醉，都忘鼓掌了。她们的歌舞很不错，配合的很好。车又把我们送到了‘西洋楼’。在这里我看到了著名的十二生肖，它们是‘兽头人身’。

按照鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇……顺序先右后左排列的，右边第一个是鼠，左边第一个是牛。它们会按照十二个时辰轮流喷水，起到报时的作用。然后，我们去‘万花阵’走迷宫。我和爸爸走同一条路进阵，妈妈走另一条进阵。我很快走出了迷宫，到迷宫中央的观花亭休息，听说，在夜晚，古代的皇帝和皇后都喜欢在‘观花亭’上观看举灯笼的宫女和太监走迷宫。穿过‘御花园’和水上乐园，我们来到了儿童乐园，坐了一会儿秋千。随后，我们又去坐了观景缆车，缆车把我们送到了山顶。我们在山顶上可以观赏到珠海的全景和澳门，还看见‘分界河’。最后我们又沿着福海走了一周，就回宾馆了。

今天好开心!

Ladies and gentlemen, this time we are going to visit the famous PingyaoCounty. Pingyao County is one of the cultural heritages of the world heritagelist. Please keep the floor clean during the tour. If you have any questions,you can ask me.

We first came to the first tourist spot: South Street. The composition ofPingyao County is crisscrossed four streets, eight small streets, seventy-twowinding streets, and now we come to the South Street of four Avenue. You see, onboth sides of the street, old and famous shops are flourishing traditionalcommercial streets. During the Qing Dynasty, South Street controlled more thanfifty percent of the financial institutions in the country.

West Street is known as "the first street of Finance in Qing Dynasty", andit is a main street directly connected with East Street. And the East AvenueNorth and South Street intersection, North Street is to the west centralstreet.

Eight small streets and seventy-two lanes are named in the nearby buildingsor marked signs; some are named in the temple temple; some are named in a cityin the city; and some streets and lanes have been unable to explore the sourceof the name.

There are many beautiful legends in Pingyao County, such as sleeping auntsand drug wives, and burning Town Gods Temple. Please take a good tour of thisbeautiful ancient city.

Chaohu is a tourist resort in Anhui Province with rich tourist resources and numerous cultural landscapes. There are mountains, water, islands, springs and holes in the territory. Jiang Tao, lake, hot springs, Chaohu "three water". The Yangtze River flows through the city 182 kilometers, Jiang Tao shore, of great momentum; eight hundred Chaohu sails waves, the scenery million. The five essence of the landscape is more famous.

One is "one of the treasures" - Chaohu. Chaohu is one of Chinas five largest freshwater lake in the vast waters, lake mountain lake island stands, abrupt, a landscape of lakes and mountains, pavilions. The two is the "two gems" -- Laoshan Island, Tianmenshan Mountain island. The two islands are like two jewels, embedded in Chaohu and the North Bank of the Yangtze River. Three is the three "string of pearls" -- Bantang pool, three hot springs, xiangquan. The four is "four pieces of jade" - four Forest Park of Taihu mountain, mountain courtyard, Jilongshan, yefushan national. The five is the "Five Dragon Temple" -- Wang Qiaodong, Ziwei cave, fairy cave, cave, cave Bo yang. Chaohu has a long history and a rich culture. Here is the Yangtze River Basin "human ancestors Hexian man" and "screen man" thrive where is "put in Nan Chao Shang Tang Jie", "Wu Guo Zhaoguan", "overlord Wujiang suicide" memorial, Ding Ruchang, Feng Yuxiang, Zhang Zhizhong is a celebrity, Li Kenong, Dai Alans hometown, the history of many famous the statesman, military strategist and men of literature and writing here left a large number of brilliant poetry and places of historic interest and scenic beauty, and is a landscape of lakes and mountains to overflow subgroups, making a unique landscape.

Chaohu City Jin Jiang lake, Anhui province is one of the key areas of opening up. It is located in the hinterland of Hefei, Wuhu and Nanjing "Golden Triangle", with superior location and convenient traffic. We can rely on three airports and Wuhu foreign trade wharf to go to all parts of the world. Along with the interlaced railway network in the district and the telecommunication and television network all over the urban and rural areas, the distance between Chaohu and the world is very close.

Dear tourists

Hello everyone! Welcome to Xian.

Xian, a famous historical and cultural city, is located in the middle ofWeishui plain on the West Bank of the Yellow River. There is fertile land, avast expanse of eight hundred Li Qinchuan, natural treasures, outstandingpeople. On the land of China, this dazzling pearl inlaid in the southern end ofthe Loess Plateau, once had a world-famous, extremely brilliant history andculture, but also had green waters and mountains, extremely beautiful naturallandscape.

In the East and west of Xian, the Qinling Mountains, known as the"Oriental Alps", are crisscrossed and meandering. On this beautiful scenic line,there are Huashan Mountain, which is known as the first of the five mountains,Lishan Mountain in Lintong, which is famous for its hot spring soup pools,Zhongnan mountain, which is green in all seasons and rare in its interior, andTaibai Mountain, which is called a wonder for its snow cover in June. They forma natural and unique scenery group. In ancient Changan, there were eightrivers, Wei River, Chan River, Ba River, Lao river, Feng River, Mao River, ZaoRiver and Yu River, which were surrounded by blue waves.

This thousand year old capital at the foot of the Qinling Mountains and onthe Bank of the Weihe River has Tongguan in the East and Sanguan in the West. Inthe north, the chidao, which was built in the Qin Dynasty, is a thoroughfare forfighting against Xiongnu and supplying supplies. In the south, Ziwu Road,TangLuo Road, Baoxie road and Chencang road can cross Hanzhong to Bashu. In thesoutheast, Wuguan road in Shangluo Mountain is the throat leading to Chu. Inancient times, Changan had convenient transportation, both land and water,dangerous terrain, easy to defend and difficult to attack. It has always been aplace for military strategists and emperors to make contributions.

Xian is an important birthplace of Chinese history and culture, and alsoone of the earliest developed areas of human civilization. In the thousands ofyears of history of the Chinese nation, perhaps no city can enjoy such a loftystatus and incomparable brilliance as Xian: it is the capital of 13 dynastiessince the Western Zhou Dynasty and the epitome of the first half of Chinesefeudal society.

Since Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Xian has been in the center of politics,economy and culture for a long time with its unique historical position. In the11th century B.C., the Zhou people grew stronger and stronger in Qishan andFufeng areas in the western part of Guanzhong, and finally established theircountry after destroying the Shang Dynasty, and established their capitals inFengjing and Haojing. Qin people successively established capitals in Yongcheng,Liyang and Xianyang, and went out of Hangu in the east to destroy the six statesand establish an unprecedented unified Qin Empire. The capital of Qin Dynasty isstill Xianyang, which is near the water on the tableland. After the destructionof Qin Dynasty by Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, he took a fancy to theeight hundred Li Qinchuan River, which is a vast expanse of fertile land, andchose to establish the capital on the South Bank of Weihe River, which is justacross from qinxianyang. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mangusurped the Han Dynasty and established a new dynasty, inheriting the capitaland system of the Han family. When the Huangjin army rose, Dong Zhuo burned allthe palaces in Luoyang, and the princes of the 18th route begged for Zhuo.Therefore, Dong Zhuo forced Emperor Xian to move westward to Changan. TheEastern Han Dynasty had six years here.

The scenic Fenghe river is full of a large number of cultural treasuresfrom the Western Zhou Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is a magical and attractiveplace. Emperor min of the Western Jin Dynasty was the emperor in Changan, andhe was destroyed in only three years. The former Zhao, the former Qin, the laterQin, the Western Wei and the Northern Zhou established their capitals here.Changan city experienced a long period of war and shortage of soldiers afterthe Han Dynasty. In 581 ad, Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, unifiedChina again. Later, in the southeast of Changan City in the Han Dynasty, YuWenkai, a famous architect, designed and supervised the construction of DaxingCity, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. The scale, layout and scientificfacilities of Daxing City obviously exceeded that of Changan City in HanDynasty, which laid the foundation of Changan City in Tang Dynasty. TangDynasty is the heyday of Chinese history, and Changan city is also anincomparable brilliant model in the history of Chinese capital. Changan is notonly the political, economic and cultural center of the Tang Empire, but alsothe largest international city in the east of the world.

"The ancient imperial state in the middle of Qin Dynasty". History choseXian and Xian enriched history. Today, whenever people talk about the formerChangan in Xian, they are full of national pride and admiration for the richand incomparable ancient courtesy of China for thousands of years.

If history chose Xian as the capital of emperors, making it the centralstage of Chinas politics, economy and culture for more than a thousand years,then the emperors who once made great achievements in Xian chose Guanzhongsprofound and extensive loess land as their final destination. As a result, thedense and grand mausoleums of emperors spread all over Guanzhong with thearrogance of the past and the present, becoming one of the most unique culturallandscapes in Xian.

The imperial mausoleum in Shaanxi can be traced back to the mausoleum ofthe Yellow Emperor more than 5000 years ago. It is the mausoleum of XuanyuanYellow Emperor, the forefather of the Chinese nation. It is on the top ofQiaoshan mountain in Huangling County, north of Xian. Ever since ancient timesand every year, countless Chinese and Miao descendants have come here to payhomage to the mausoleum, find their roots, ask their ancestors, and remembertheir saints. In addition to the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, more than 70emperors were also buried in Guanzhong during the 20__ years from the WesternZhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Ancient Changan was not only the political and economic center of Chinafor a long time, but also the center of religious culture. In the Tang Dynasty,with political stability and economic development, the religious culture ofChangan reached its peak. At this time, not only the native Taoist culture inChina was widely spread, but also the foreign Buddhist culture was in aprominent position in social life.

Since the introduction of Buddhism into China in the Han Dynasty, it hasbecome the ideology of the gentry through the southern and Northern Dynasties.In the Tang Dynasty, it became a common practice to respect and worshipBuddhism. As the eastern end of the "Silk Road" and a cosmopolitan metropolis,Changan has gathered eminent monks and missionaries from all over the world.Inside and outside the city of Changan in the Tang Dynasty, there are manypagodas and temples, and there are many people who preach and listen to theDharma. According to historical records, there are 122 monasteries and 31nunnery monasteries in Changan city. Emperors and court dignitaries are proudto build monasteries and spend time with monks. The scale of these monasteriesis also amazing. For example, Cien Temple, which is called "Chonglou Fudian,Yunge Dongfang, more than ten monasteries, has a total of 1896, covering 342mu.". In the enlightened and open Tang Dynasty, not only the various sects ofBuddhist temples and Taoism as the national religion were very active, butNestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam also spread to China one after another,making an indelible contribution to the prosperity of Chinese and foreigncultures.

Today, there are still many religious and cultural relics inside andoutside Changan city. The towering big wild goose pagoda of Cien Temple andthe beautiful small wild goose pagoda of Jianfu temple have become the symbol ofXian, a famous historical and cultural city. Famen Temple has become a Buddhistholy land again because of the excavation of four Buddhist finger relicscollected in the Tang Dynasty. Daxingshan temple, Qinglong temple, Xiangjitemple and other famous temples have also become symbols of friendly exchangesand tourist attractions between China and foreign countries. The famous TaoistLouguantai, Baxian palace and Huajue Lane Muslim temple in the city areimportant places for the spread of Taoist and Islamic culture.

In history, the ancient city of Xian provided a broad and bright stage forChina to show its great and brilliant posture to the world, and made immortalcontributions to the survival, improvement and development of the Chinesenation. Perhaps it is just out of the reward for Xian that history generouslypresented this magical land with numerous historical relics and cultural relics.It is an invaluable treasure. It not only makes every Chinese proud and feel theresponsibility of history, but also as one of the cream of human culturalheritage, let people from all over the world comprehend the clear trajectory ofsocial courtesy development and the endless creativity of human beings.

The historical relics in Xian and Guanzhong area have the integrity ofrare historical sequence. This outstanding advantage is determined by thelong-span characteristics of Xians long history, which is difficult for manyhistorical cities to match. There, the Paleolithic artifacts of the Lantian apeman 1.15 million years ago and the painted pottery basin of the mud illusion ofthe matriarchal clan settlement in Banpo 6000 years ago jointly outline thecontext and footprints of the survival, reproduction and development of theprimitive ancestors; the deep, dignified, mysterious and treacherous bronzes ofthe Shang and Zhou dynasties represent the living atmosphere of the aristocratsin the slave society; The magnificent terracotta warriors and horses andexquisite stone portraits of the Qin and Han Dynasties are wrapped with thepolitical situation and flames of war in the early feudal society; the gorgeousmurals and colorful gold and silver wares of the Sui and Tang Dynasties recordthe glorious chapter of the golden age; and the steles, porcelain products,calligraphy and paintings of the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are thewitness of the continued development of politeness in Xian after the loss ofthe prosperity of the imperial capital It is no exaggeration to say that it isno different to read a condensed general history of China to search the culturalrelics of Xian in chronological order.

Xian and its surrounding areas are rich in cultural heritage materials andcomplete categories, which is another major advantage. Not to mention thelarge-scale sites such as FengHao of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xianyang palaceof the Qin Dynasty, Changan city of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the ancientbuildings, temples, and grottoes of Meilun and meimian, the number of movablecultural relics alone has reached more than 600000 pieces (groups) according topreliminary statistics. Including ceramics, bronzes, jade, gold and silver,murals, stone and brick carvings, inscribed steles, seals and other categories.In this sense, the ancient city of Xian itself is a natural history museum, apalace of cultural art.

The natural landscape of Xian is also unique. In and around Xian, thereare Xiyue Huashan, which is known as "the most dangerous place in the world",Zhongnan mountain, which is cultivated by Wang Chongyang, the founder ofQuanzhen school, Taibai Mountain, which is known as "natural geological museum",Lishan Mountain, which is known as "Nuwa Butian", Louguantai, which is the mostblessed place in Dongtian, and Wangchuan, the hometown of Chinese landscape "Thehometown of ape man" -- Lantian cave and other scenic spots. The gardens inXian are full of royal style. Huaqing Palace tells the story of "song ofeverlasting regret" with its first hot spring in the world, warm and romanticlove story; Xingqing palace describes the eternal story of "Li Bai drunk"; asong "the sunset is infinite, just near dusk" makes leyouyuans dusk a charminglandscape. "Last year and today in this gate, peoples faces and peach blossomswere red. People do not know where to go, peach blossom still smile springbreeze If you have a chance to go to Weiqu, you must be able to feel true loveunder the peach tree with the dream of "human face peach blossom". There are 11forest parks in Xian, which constitute the natural oxygen bar of the ancientcity.

The combination of humanity and landscape constitutes the unique charm ofancient Xian.

As the first ancient capital of China, Xian, after more than 3000 years ofdevelopment, shoulders numerous glorious and glorious dreams of the Chinesenation, and is firmly marching towards the future.

In 1949, after the founding of the peoples Republic of China, the ancientcity of Xian opened a new chapter in its own development history. Since the1980s, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, 6.18 millionpeople in Xian have seized the opportunity of the times, guided by science andtechnology, tourism, commerce and trade, and made great efforts to build Xianinto a socialist export-oriented city. A thriving and dynamic Xian city isstanding in the world. Today, Xian is an important base for scientific andtechnological research and development in contemporary China. There are morethan 3000 scientific research institutions in the city, including not only thescientific research institutions of machinery, electric power, electronics,aviation, aerospace, geology, chemical industry, textile, instruments, metersand nuclear industry, but also the only watch industry research institute inChina and the satellite measurement and control center, the central nerve ofaerospace measurement and control network.

Today, Xian is an important base of Chinas higher education. There are 42institutions of higher learning, more than 10 mobile stations for postdoctoralresearch, about 100 doctoral degree awarding points and more than 300 mastersdegree awarding points in the city. Every year, the city trains a large numberof modern talents for the country, becoming a veritable "cradle of talents".

Today, Xian is a world famous tourist hot spot city. The long and vasthistorical and cultural heritages, the beautiful and magnificent natural sceneryof Northwest China, and the various and magical traditional folk customsconstitute the unique tourism resources in Xian, attracting countless touristsfrom home and abroad to explore. With the development of tourism, tourismfacilities and municipal engineering have been further improved. With Xian asthe center, high-grade highways are interwoven in all directions. The connectionof Eurasian Continental Bridge and the completion of Xian XianyangInternational Airport make the connection between Xian and other countries morefrequent and close. A large number of star hotels and modern entertainmentfacilities and places have sprung up, which not only provides a guarantee forthe development of tourism, but also adds style and charm to the appearance ofthe ancient city.

In order to enrich the cultural and entertainment life of tourists and meetthe needs of leisure and vacation, Xian has built more than 3700 cultural andentertainment facilities in various forms, such as tangle palace, gudu GrandTheater, Tanghua song and dance theater, shange Grand Theater, Ginza nightclub,Taoyuan Lake Bowling Club, etc; It has launched such artistic programs as TangChangan music and dance, imitating Tang music and dance, soul of Qin terracottawarriors, and folk music and dance in Northern Shaanxi, which have won praisefrom tourists at home and abroad.

Xians tourism commodity production has strong local characteristics.There are abundant folk arts and crafts, such as terracotta figurines, antiquebronzes, Qin embroidery, jade, silk, craft porcelain, Huxian farmers paintings,Tang Sancai, porcelain plate paintings, landscape tables, straw paintings,Guanzhong paper-cut, etc. There are 26 designated foreign tourism shops in thecity, which can meet the different levels of shopping needs of tourists. At thesame time, the catering industry in Xian can provide tourists with uniqueShaanxi cuisine, such as imitation Tang cuisine, Dumpling Banquet, muttonsteamed bun and famous local snacks.

Today, Xian is still an open international metropolis. After summing upthe rise and fall of history and understanding the perfect future, the people ofXian have deeply realized that opening the door to the world and letting Xiango to the world is the only way for the development and prosperity of todaysancient city.

History has treated Xian well in the past, and Xian will live up tohistory!

The whole commentary of Zhaozhou Bridge includes three parts:

Part one: Introduction

The Zhaozhou Bridge is also known as the safe crossing bridge and the GreatStone Bridge. It crosses the Xiao River in Zhao County. It is named after thenearby Zhao County, which is known as Zhao Zhou in history.

Zhaozhou Bridge is designed and built by LiChun from 605 to 616 during theSui Dynasty, has stood the tests of earthquakes, floods and traffic for morethan 1400 years. It is the world’s oldest single-arch stone bridge still in usetoday and with the reputation as one of the Four Treasures of North China.

Part two: Creative construction.

Characteristics:

1) It has only one main arch and this arch has a span of more than 37meters, which is a great creation in the world history.

2) The bridge has two small side arches on either of the main arch, theyserve two important functions: First, they reduce the total weight of the bridgeand save the structural materials. Second, in time of flood, they cooperate withthe main one allowing water to pass through, thus weaken the flood’s impact onthe body of the bridge itself.

3) This design also improve the general look of the bridge, contributes toits beauty, so people compared the bridge to a new moon rising above the clouds”and “a long rainbow hanging on a mountain waterfall”.

Part three: Beautiful stories and famous folk song

There are many legends about the design of this bridge.

According to one legend, the bridge was built by LuBan, who is a excellentarchitect, he managed the sheep turn into stones and built the bridge in osingle night.

In another story, the bridge was put to the test by two immortals whocrossed it at the same time. One is ZhangGuolao, he rode his lovely donkey withthe sun and moon in his bag, and the other is ChaiWangye, who crossed the bridgewith the Five Famous Mountains. LuBan was worried and saved the bridge byplunging into the water and supporting the structure.

A folk song: Xiao Fang Niu

(Ask the tourists if there is anybody would like to sing the song, theguide should teach the visitor to sing the typical and beautiful folk song,which can exert an outstanding effect on and response from the tourists)

Lama Temple is located in Beijing north two ring road near the ConfucianTemple in the west, and the Imperial College, covers an area of about 66000square metres, it is Beijing s largest existing a Tibetan Gelug royal temple,Lama Temple was the emperor Qian Long was born, he not only has the royal templestyle, now more profound Buddhist culture attracts the world tourists from allover, so now we can see a lot of blonde foreigner come to visit, and there arealso many stars also come to worship.

We now see the Lama Temple area in the Ming Dynasty called the Gestapostreet, here was the Ming Dynasty eunuchs of the secretary. To the Qing Dynastyemperor Kangxi here Herod gave his imperial four Yin Zhen Yin Zhen is best,because Prince Yong, so here is also known as Yong palace. In the Yin Zhensuccessor, Yong palace became Hyphalosaurus Di, Yong Zheng intended to buildYong palace the palace, and given the name Lama Temple.

In the palace period, the Lama Temple is a stick rod, it is one of thesecret service. The inside of the stick rod. Each stunt, Wu Yi high, designedfor the Yong Zheng arrest dissident, killing enemies.

Although Yong Zheng kill many, but in his history he was a wise king.During his reign, dispel the Manchu nobility many privileges, but also too muchslaughter, even killed his own son ( Hongshi ), so in the later added somenotoriety is can hardly be avoided. Also because of Yong Zhengs killing was tooheavy, so his son Qian Long succeeded to the throne after the emperor, afterconsultation with the Tibet Zhangjia living Buddha, then Lama Temple toShamanism ( sect ) of the temple, may borrow up to merit salvation Temple Houseis the spirit of the deceased father.

Here to mention the famous Zhangjia living Buddha, Zhangjia living Buddhalife frequency has the legendary color, and his spirit Kangxi and Qianlongplayed an indelible meritorious service. In our country the Mongolian andTibetan areas were four living Buddha, they are the Panchen Lama, Darai incharge, after former reservoir reservoir; Zhangjia living Buddha in Qinghai;there is a living Buddha in Mongolia. The Buddha to reincarnation reincarnationand handed down from generation to generation, the Zhangjia living Buddhareincarnation Nishi Akiyoshi was Emperor Yong Zheng teacher, while in the oldchapter, after the death of Mio Akiyoshi, his reincarnation in Qinghai Guo grandtemple was identified, but the Mio Akiyoshi Little Buddha at the age of seven,because he presided over the temple attended the rebellion against the QingDynasty and was the encirclement, Little Buddha were several near acolyteprotection to hide into a nearby cave, Emperor Yong Zheng after learning thatorders the Little Buddha find and escort to beijing. The joint purpose after andput up a notice, timed to surrender the Little Buddha, otherwise it will destroythe village temple. Hear this news, to hide in a cave of the monks criedtogether, thought that no matter the downhill, coming down from the mountain isonly one death, in this case, the Little Buddha refused to implicate others,step forward bravely, decided to go down the mountain. And see the answerfluently without fear, this caused the Qing general surprise, but also very muchlike the little buddha. They will be little Buddha escort to Beijing, Yong Zhengthe emperor summoned him, see the Little Buddha refined and courteous, veryinnocent and lovely, but the Little Buddha in the arms of her.

The emperor Yong Zheng to the Little Buddha many special reward, mostnotably life little Buddha and his fourth sons ( the later emperor Qian Long )learn together. Because of Zhangjia living Buddha and the emperor Qian Long wasclassmates, who established a pure, deep friendship, so in their adulthood,their respective boarded the politics, teach high, is life-long cooperation,cooperate tacit understanding. Zhangjia living Buddha life involved in solvingthe many ethnic, religious problems, often recieves orders at jeopardy when, inhis identity and efforts, at the time of the Qing Dynasty appeared theunprecedented unity situation, this also is today unity pattern madedistinctions won in battle.

City at the people of Zhangjia living Buddha of Chongxin also to anastonishing degree, historical records, when people saw Zhangjia living Buddhacarriage over, are scrambling to put the handkerchief on the ground, allowingthe wheels to roll from above, as the fortune.

We now see the Lama Temples main building is: -- -- Zhao s chariot arches-- copper beast -- -- -- -- the kings temple Pavilion Xumishan -- Lama Temple-- Yongyou Temple -- Falun hall -- wanvog.

In the past, Lama Temple building divided into East and West threeroad.

In the east of Southern called even real, Lama is a student monks livingresidence. In the North East College, is simple and elegant landscapearchitecture, according to legend East College within the well chamber is theemperor Qian Long s birthplace.

While the West was Lama Temple Buddhist dharma Guandi temple. You maywonder, Lord Guan is the God of wealth, how to become Buddha Dharma, in fact, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms " in the chapter " Yuquan Hill Guan visions ",tell the antecedents and consequences : it says that Guan Yu is Sun Quan generalLvmeng alive, Sun Quan to surrender, but his hands under the counselor can notbe said, said to Cao Mengde three a five a small feast banquet, Guan Yu is not awin glory in battle and go? Sun Quan heard this, he ordered Guan Yu to bebeheaded and the head hanging tower to destroy the morale. But after the deathof Guan Yu and a soul does not come loose, soul swing float to the JingmenYuquan mountain, Yamakami Yuichi monk, Farmington Prolene net, is important inwater the town of temple abbot, Guan Yu had five passes, in Si water almostkilled, it was the Prolene net elders elders for rescue, later saves Guan Yu andrefuge. The world, to the mountains of Yuquan, knot grass hut, daily and otheracts lecture on. One day in the middle of the night, the elders are nunnery inmeditation, suddenly he heard someone screaming air, also my head! My head!Filters & his watch, see only soul wanders in guan. In the hands of Fochenpoint cloud in: Changan. Guan Gong recognize elders, said to be saved, beeverlastingly grateful: this off of a disaster, when death is willing to seekadvice, education, lost. Filters & said: This is a past, all Xiu,consequences of antecedents, each other. This general Lvmeng victims, so myhead, but Liang Yan, Wen Chou, five will be six all of the head, and to whomSawyer? So the public see light suddenly, Jishou to become Buddhist law ofgod.

Henan, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River incentral and eastern China, is called Henan because most of the area is locatedin the south of the Yellow River. In ancient times, in the middle and lowerreaches of the Yellow River, there were many rivers, dense forests and wildelephants. Henan was vividly described as the place where people led elephants.This is the origin of the pictograph "Yu" and the origin of Henan abbreviated as"Yu". Yugong, the book of history, divides the world into nine states. Yuzhou isone of the nine states in the world, so it is called central plains andZhongzhou.

famous scenery

There are three world cultural heritages in Henan: Longmen Grottoes, YinRuins and historical buildings in heaven and earth. There are 8 National 5Atourist attractions, including Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Yuntai Mountainqingtianhe Shennong mountain, Qingming Shanghe garden, Yinxu, Baiyun Mountain,Yaoshan mountain Zhongyuan Buddha, Laojun Mountain Jiguan cave. There are fourworld geoparks: Songshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Wangwu mountain Daimeimountain and Funiu Mountain. 15 national key scenic spots: Songshan Mountain,Luoyang Longmen Mountain, Jigong Mountain, Wangwu mountain, Yuntai Mountain,Yaoshan mountain, Linwu mountain, qingtianhe River, Shennong mountain, Tongbaimountain Huaiyuan, Zhengzhou Yellow River scenic spot.

Best travel time

Henan has a warm temperate subtropical and humid semi humid monsoonclimate. Generally, it is characterized by cold winter, less rain and snow,drought in spring, more sandstorm, hot summer, abundant rain and sufficientsunshine in autumn. The best time to travel is autumn.

regional distribution

Henan Province governs 18 provincial cities, including 17 prefecture levelcities, 1 city directly under the provincial government, 50 municipal districts,20 county-level cities and 88 counties.

History and culture

Henan, known as the Central Plains in ancient times, is the birthplace ofChinese civilization and the Chinese nation. It is the core area of Chinesehistory before Yuan Dynasty. Luoyang (the ancient capital of fifteen dynasties),Kaifeng (the ancient capital of seven dynasties), Shangqiu (the ancient capitalof Six Dynasties), Zhengzhou (the ancient capital of Five Dynasties) and Anyang(the ancient capital of two dynasties) are all famous ancient capitals forthousands of years. The Xia Dynasty successively established its capital nearXiayi (now Shangqiu), Erlitou (now Luoyang) and Yangcheng (now Zhengzhou). TheShang Dynasty established its capital in Bo (todays Shangqiu) and later movedto "Yin" (todays Anyang). During the 4000 years from Xia to Jin, there weremore than 10 dynasties, and more than 200 emperors established or moved theircapitals in Henan for more than 3200 years. During the period of civil strife inChina, Henan was the place where the heroes "fought for the Central Plains". Thename of "China" came from the country whose center was located in the CentralPlains.

shaolin temple is chinas famous temple, and chan sect. it is located atthe foot of shaoshi mountain and got its name from its location. shaolin templehas a reputation for its zen buddhism and shaolin gongfu, which is the mainattraction of the scenery spot. shaolin temple was built for indian monk patuoin 495 or 19 of the yaihe year in the northern wei dynasty by xiaowenemperor.

shaolin was built against the hills. in the period of its great prosperity,seven buildings lined the central line of the temple, but in the war amongwarlords in the period of kuomingtang, some main buildings were burnt byshisanyou, including the hall of heavenly king, the abbots room and the hallfor preaching the buddhist doctrines and the bell tower and many preciousbuddhist sutras pugilism charts were destroyed as well. in the late 20thcentury, shaolin temple was rebuilt to the old system.

the stone tablets in shaolin temple are also well known, which are mainlyin the ciyun hall, or the tablet passage. about 120 pieces of handwriting worksare stored here, dating from the northern qi dynasty. many famous masters, suchas caijing, mipei, zhao meng fu and dong qichang, ever left their handwritinghere.

tower forest is where the monks were buried. the one in shaolin temple isthe biggest in china, 232 all together. it is of great value in the study ofbuddhism scriptures, buildings and zen buddhism.

besides, some other famous places include the buddhist convent, built inmemory of damo buddhist meditating facing the wall; damo cave and the sweet dewtower, where batuo ,the founder for the shaolin temple, translated thesutras.

in addition to the visit to the historic buildings, shaolin would giveperformance of shaolin gongfu, which will broaden your outlook and let you havea taste of the charm of shaolin martial arts.

chinese kungfu: chinese is a general designation of chinese wushu andgongfu, a culture developed from the long practice in life and the knowledge ofthe body. its a traditional precious heritage, and at the same time a specialsport of great value.

with chinas reform, chinese gongfu has spread over the world. to promoteits development worldwide, the olympic committee has included chinese wushu inthe events of the __ sydney olymipcs.

女士们、先生们：

今天，我带领大家去故宫参观游览。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。 历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作 紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6 根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人 在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。如一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1。5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。厉害!

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，下面给大家2小时自由参观的时间，请大家不要在墙上乱涂乱画，保护文化遗产，希望大家玩的愉快。

各位朋友，现在大家左手边的就是潜溪寺，它是我们进入龙门西山北端第一个大石窟。潜溪寺洞高、宽9米多，进深近7米，建于唐代初期，距今约1300多年的历史，因在凿洞时地下有源源不断流出的溪流而得名。窟内洞顶雕刻了一朵大莲花，洞内所供主像为阿弥陀佛，佛身高7.38米，面额丰满，胸部隆起、衣纹斜垂座前，身体各部比例匀称。神情睿智，整个姿态给人以静穆慈祥之感。两侧为二弟子、二菩萨、二天王。特别是南壁的大势至菩萨，造型丰满敦厚，仪态文静，与主佛造像为龙门石窟唐代石雕中最优美的两尊。洞内前侧两壁各雕一护法天王，高颧大目、体魄雄壮、孔武有力、身披销甲，是唐代高级武将的形象。踩在脚下的夜叉，也塑造的十分生动传神。

请大家跟我向前走，路旁右侧并排坐西向东的这三座石窟，即宾阳三洞(中洞、北洞、南洞的俗称)。以中洞为代表，中洞在北魏时称灵岩寺，明清以后才改称宾阳洞，传说是根据道教八仙之一吕洞宾之字(洞宾)和号(纯阳)的末两字相加而命名的。此洞从北魏宣武帝景明元年，就是公元5__年开始雕凿到正光四年，即公元523年6月完工，历时达24年之久。宾阳中洞是一座三世佛窟。北魏由于受“法华经”影响较大，除了信仰释迦、多宝外，还信仰的对象便是三世佛了。在龙门石窟仅此一例。正面是以释迦牟尼佛像为主的五尊雕像。释迦身着褒衣博带式袈裟，通高8.4米，面部清秀、神情饱满、高鼻大目、微露笑意。释迦左右侍立着二弟子、二菩萨(左文殊、右普贤)。二菩萨含睬若笑、温雅敦厚，给人以亲切感。窟顶做琼隆形，中央雕刻着重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖。

The Sky Pond of Changbai Mountain

The Sky Pond of Changbai Mountain, the largest crater lake, is the boundary lake between China and North Korea, as well as the source of Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. It is elliptical. Its height is 21.4k㎡, with the surface area of 9.82 square kilometers, surface perimeter 13.17 km. The depth is 373 meters, with an average water depth of 204 meters. The total storage capacity is 2.04 billion cubic meters. The average evaporation is 450 mm, average annual precipitation 1333 mm. The average annual temperature here is -7.3 degrees. it is a huge natural reservoir. In 20xx, it won the Guinness world record----the volcanic lake with the highest elevation.

现在我们来到入口处，大家看到右边山岩上耸立着“智者大师隐修处”石碑。天湖风景区曾是智者大师隐修处。智者法名智陈、隋时的高僧。生于公元538年，卒于597年，俗姓陈，字德安。祖籍河南许昌。其父为梁时大官。智者十八岁出家，陈太建七年(575年)，即智者37岁那年，来到天台山，在天湖景区首建草庵。智者大师在天台山弘法历时九年。隋开皇十一年(591年)，应晋王杨广之请到扬州被授予“智者”的称号，成为天台宗的创始人，世称“天台大师”“智者大师“。智者生前造大寺35处，度僧4000多人，传业弟子32人。大家看左边就是天台宗的九祖塔林。智者大师是汉化佛教第一宗天台宗的真正创始人。

各位来宾：这一景称为“龙游曲涧”，各位请往右边看，山岩上刻着“龙游”二字，这是宋代顶尖的书法家之一，他与苏东坡、黄庭坚、蔡襄等四人合称为“宋代四大书法家”前面一景被称为“飞瀑迎宾”，这也是天湖景区水景最具动感之处。晴天形成珍珠瀑，大雨天一泓瀑布飞流而下，如蛟龙出海，奔腾欢跃。人们在参观山水景观时，有这样一句话有道是：有水无山单调，有山无水枯燥，有水有山美妙，在这山青水秀之处，人们不妨驻足观赏，留下美好回忆!

看罢飞瀑，便来到下天湖景区，这是一处观赏型湖畔，其自然的生态景观，十分古朴、原始，令人不禁想起古人‘采菊东篱下，悠然风南山“的意境

游客们：这天湖景区，除了游山，还有玩水，山为根，乃大地之根基，水为魂，是高山之灵魂。而玩水又各有千秋，下天湖古朴，适宜观赏;中天湖悠闲，可作垂钓;上天湖开阔，兼具游湖和休闲两大功能。可以说三个湖定位不同，但歉收并蓄，将“玩水”的游赏价值发挥到了极致。

葆光室与锡晋斋之间有垂花门，上悬天香庭院匾额。垂花门南有竹圃，北有西府海棠两棵。锡晋斋是恭王府西路院落最北端的正房。锡普斋原名庆颐堂，俗称楠木房。有东西配房各五间，东房名为乐古斋，西房名为尔尔斋。庆颐堂据说缘起于乾隆所赐“庆颐良辅”匾额。和坤修建庆颐堂时模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫，面阔7间，前有庑廊，后出抱厦5间，平面呈凸字形。正中厅内东西北三面为两层暗楼，楼内的碧纱橱槛窗、栏杆等捕木装修，雕饰精美细致。其外檐柱的鼓形柱础，与承德普宁寺大乘阁的形制相同。嘉庆皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，和坤罪状第十三款中的“所盖捕木房屋，僭侈逾制，隔断式样皆仿宁寿宫制度”，即指此而言。恭亲王入住后把这里作为书房和文物收藏处所。而锡晋斋这个名称，一说是恭亲王奕?得到晋朝陆机的《平复帖》后所起;另一说是小恭王溥伟所起。这是王府府邸最精美的建筑。走到西路的最北端了，下面我们要到这王府府邸的后罩楼去看看。

后罩楼位于府邸和花园的衔接处，50多间房屋连成一排，达160多米长。这座朱楼是国内王府类建筑中最长的楼，被形容为“99间半房子”。后罩楼东部为瞻霁楼，西部为宝约楼。西端的5间房俗称“小迷宫”，这里有国内惟一的室内园林景观，两个楼层之间去除楼板，将亭台楼阁和假山溪流等搬进屋里。这几间室内花园将楼上楼下通连在一起，山石叠砌，可上可下，瀑布飞泻，亭台楼阁和小桥流水都非常精致。

此楼前檐出廊，后檐墙上每间上各开一窗，上层为形式各异的什锦窗，窗口砖雕精细，楼梯原为木假山形。楼中间偏西一间的下层有过道门，通向府后的花园。那么现在就让我们去王府后花园领略一番吧。

站在府邸与花园间的箭道上，远望王府后罩楼，是不是格外有气势呢?那么接下来，您将要游览的就是被称为“人间仙府”的恭王府花园。

60年代，周总理和红学专家周汝昌先生来到恭王府视察，走到景色迷人的种有一大片丝竹的潇湘院时，周先生提出潇湘院是不是红楼梦原型的说法。总理一看这个院子这么好，当时就产生了修缮开放的想法，目的是让人民了解中国古代的历史和文化。在当时文化部谷牧先生的主持下，恭王府花园部分在上世纪80年代时就正式开放了。

恭王府花园又称“萃锦园”，位于什刹海西侧的柳荫街，是北京城内数十座王府花园中规模最大、保存最好的，也是目前北京惟一一处以花园的名义对公众开放的王府。花园南北长约150米，东西宽170余米，占地约2.8万平方米，有古建筑30余处。此园后来的主人恭亲王奕忻为了重建花园曾调集百名能工巧匠，融江南园林风格与北方建筑格局为一体，汇中西建筑元素于一园，使之成为京师数十座王府之冠，可以称之“人间神仙府，什刹海的明珠”。恭王府花园布局精巧，景色宜人，有学者说它是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》中大观园的原型。

我的家乡在敦化，位于吉林省东部山区，长白山腹地，是吉林省区域面积最大的县级市。敦化素有“千年古都百年县”之称，敦化市的历史较为悠久，原名敖东城，取《四书中庸》中“小德川流，大德敦化”之句，寄“敦风化俗”之意，定名为敦化。含有“以德治理”之意。

这是座美丽的城市，有着五城之说：中国卫生城市;中国文明城市;中国绿化城市;中国园林城市;中国旅游城市。

敦化秉长白之灵气，纳圣地之精华，享有“长白山立体宝库”之美誉，森林、草场、水利、矿产、药材、旅游等资源。

敦化市工业生产基本上形成了以木材加工、中成药、建材、造纸等为主的综合加工体系。科技、教育、文化、体育也有新的发展。同时，这里还是吉林省实行开边通海战略的重要交通接汇处河客货集散地。近几年来，这里正形成前所未有的投资热潮，现已确立比较完整的工业体系，第三产业迅速发展，城市建设日新月异，基础设施日趋完备。

敦化市自然资源十分丰富，是国家重点林区之一。主要树种有红松、白松、落叶松、水曲柳、紫椴等，林产工业是工业生产的基础，有纤维板、胶合板、木制家具等骨干工厂。敦化市野生动物品种繁多，主要珍稀动物有东北虎、梅花鹿、紫貂、黑熊、水獭等。野生植物中珍贵药用、食用植物主要有山参、党参、五味子、木耳、灵芝等行销国内外市场，其中鹿茸产量居全国之首。

敦化市是一座风景秀丽的古城，文物古迹甚多。主要有六顶山渤海古墓群、敖东遗址、二十四块石、抗日烈士陈翰章之墓，这些灿烂的文明，吸引了众多的考古专家和游人纷纷来此考察、观光。六鼎山风景区位于敦化市区南，是国家5A级景区，依山傍水，群峰环绕。有亚洲最大的尼众道场——正觉寺。敦化金鼎大佛成为世界最高的释迦牟尼青铜坐佛。雁鸣湖风景旅游区位于敦化市雁鸣湖镇境内，坐落在鹤大公路沿线，属国家级自然保护区，其四周湖区，峰峦叠障，山水相连，风景如画。这些独特的景观都令人心驰神往，留连往返。

敦化这座美丽的城市，我为我是敦化人，我骄傲，我自豪!现在我一定要加倍努力学习，长大后建设更加美丽的敦化。

Huangyaguan Great Wall :

Located in the mountainous area of Tianjins northern Ji County, theHuangyaguan Great Wall was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550 -557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the Ming Dynasty (1368 -1644). When appointed as the chief commanding officer in the Ji Garrison (one ofthe eleven garrisons of the Ming Dynasty), Qi Jiguang added watch towers andother defensive works.

The Huangyaguan Great Wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites inTianjin. It is considered to be a miniature of the Great Wall. The entiresection is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. Being endowed with both naturalbeauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot anda summer resort. The major scenic area is composed of Huangyaguan Pass andTaiping Mountain Stronghold.

Huangyaguan Pass: In 1984, the people of Tianjin spent three yearsrepairing 3,308 yards of the main wall from Banlagang Mountain in the east toWangmaoding Mountain in the west. They restored 20 terraces, the HuangyaguanWater Gate, and the Bagua Castle (the Eight Diagrams Castle). The defensivesystem of the wall is complete. Watch towers, frontier cities, drain holes,emplacements, barracks and other indispensable military facilities are arrangedorderly along the wall. Besides, the stele forests of the Great Wall, BeijiTemple, the exhibition hall of famous couplets, the Great Wall Museum (the firstmuseum along the Great Wall) and the Phoenix Fortress have been newly builtwithin the area.

Taipingzhai Great Wall :

Six miles southeast of Huangyaguan Pass is the Taipingzhai Great Wall,another important mountain stronghold of the wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644). It is also called Taipinganzhai, meaning "a village of peace andprosperity". Starting from Banlagang Mountain in the east and arriving at GuafuTower (Widow Tower) in the west, it winds through the precipitous mountains forabout 955 yards.

The wall is an important component of Huangyaguan Great Wall. There are sixwatch towers, one battlement, and one shortcut leading to the wall. Thearchitectural styles of the military towers vary considerably. There are square,round, solid and hollow towers, with some inside and others outside the wall.Beside the shortcut, there is a small citadel where an 8.5-meter statue of QiJiguang, the chief commanding officer of Ji Garrison (one of the elevengarrisons in the Ming Dynasty) is located. The local people built this statue inorder to commemorate his great contribution to frontier peace and stability inthat period. To the west of the citadel, a section of the wall extends 33 yardsout to where a sentry post was situated.

At the western end of the wall is a square stone tower called Guafu Tower,"Widow Tower" in English, built by twelve wives whose husbands died during theconstruction of the wall in the Ming Dynasty. The widows erected this tower tocommemorate their husbands notable exploits. The tower has two levels andmeasures 13-meters (14-yards) high. Arched arrow windows are on the four sidesof the tower.

Besides these cultural points of interest, Taipingzhai Great Wall is alsofamous for its amazingly impressive scenery. Zigzagging along the mountain ridgefor over 984 yards, the wall looks very much like a giant dragon flying throughclouds.

Mt. Panshan Scenic Area :

Covering an area of 106 square kilometers (about 26193 acres), Mt. PanshanScenic Area is located in Jixian County, 110 kilometers (68.4 miles) away fromTianjin, 88 kilometers (54.7 miles) away from Beijing. As the name suggests, thescenic area is mainly Mt Panshan–oriented. Endowed with natural beauty and ahistorical heritage, Mt Panshan is known as The First Mountain East of Beijingand is listed as one of the top fifteen mountains in China.

The mountain acquired its present name, early in the Eastern Han (25-220).Taizong , the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), was prodigal of hispraise of its scenery on his chance visit when he led the army in a campaign.Seventy-two temples, thirteen pagodas and numerous Xanadus and towers were builton the mountain in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911). Qianlong, a brilliant and wise Qing Dynasty emperor was soimpressed that he made thirty or so visits and wrote 1366 poems to express hisadmiration of the area. In the first half of the twentieth century, the wholeresort all fell to ruin due to hostilities and neglect. It has undergone aprocess of restoration since the 1990s and is now regaining its fame.

It is famous for jade pine trees, strange and astonishing peaks, clearwaters, grotesquely shaped rocks and clusters of ancient temples. On themountaintop, numerous pines hide the sky from view and block out the sunshine.Rugged rocks in a variety of shapes, some of which resemble a toad, a general ora boa, will greet you in the middle of the mountain. At its foot, clear watersplashes on the rocks. The mountain consists of five peaks, with the main one,Guayue (Moon Hanging) Peak. Although Guayue Peak is only 857 meters (2811.7feet) above sea level, to the north it is possible to see a section of the GreatWall while to the west Mt Taihang can be seen.

From the Wei State during the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280) onwards,emperors enthusiastically commissioned the building of temples, towers andXanadus resulting in over 160 such sites. There are four main temples: TianchengTemple (God Proposing Temple), Yunzhao Temple (Cloud-Hiding Temple), WanfoTemple (Ten Thousand-Buddha Temple) and Wansong Temple (Ten Thousand-PineTemple). Tiancheng Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, was enlarged and repairedin the Ming and the Qing dynasties. To the east of this temple stands theAncient Dagoba. As the biggest tower in this mountain, it has thirteen floors.The roof of the Yunzhao Temple was a golden yellow, a color that normally wasonly allowed to be used on imperial buildings. By granting permission for this,Emperor Qianlong demonstrated his approval and admiration of the mountain. WanfoTemple (Ten Thousand-Buddha Temple) has 10,960 small Buddhas statues.