硕博连读英语翻译（通用20篇）

to introduce myself(介绍我自己) hello,every one!(大家好)my name is __ . (我叫____)im a 15 years old boy. (我是一个15岁的男孩)(具体情况自己改) i live in the beautiful city ofrizhao.(我住在美丽的rizhao城)(你可以把rizhao

改成自己家乡的城市的名称的拼音)im an active ,lovely and clever boy.(我是一个活跃的可爱的聪明的男孩) inthe school , my favourite subject is maths . (在学校，我最喜欢数学) perhaps someone thinksits difficult to study well .(也许有些人认为这很难学)

but i like it.(但我喜欢他)i belive that if you try your best, everything can bedone well.(我相信每件

事付出努力就会有害结果)

i also like sports very much.(我也很喜欢运动) such as,running,volleyball and soon. (像跑步、排球等等)im kind-hearted.(我很热心)i hope we can be good friends!(我希望我们能成为好朋友)ok.this is me .a sunny boy.(好了，这就是我，一个阳光男孩) 首先要看你写信的性质。是官方而正式的书信?还是朋友间的通信?无论是哪一种，基本的英文书信格式应包括四大部分：日期，称呼，正文，和落款

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告

how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation

i. purpose and significance

with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.

ii. literature review

long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.

i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.

another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.

i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.

in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

iii. feasibility analysis

this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.

2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.

6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.

iv. problems of the research and solutions

1. problems

despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. solutions

(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.

(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

v. necessary conditions

1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.

3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

vi. outline

i. introduction

a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation

b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis

c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation

1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english

2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure

ii. the principles of ellipsis

a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works

b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test

c. omitted words which are self-evident

ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis

a. the coherence of the meaning of expression

b. the coincidence of the manner of expression

1. ellipsis of articles

a. ellipsis of definite articles

b. ellipsis of indefinite articles

2. ellipsis of prepositions

3. ellipsis of pronouns

a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns

b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns

c. ellipsis of relative pronouns

4. ellipsis of conjunctions

a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions

b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions

5. ellipsis of rhetoric

a. ellipsis of repeated words

b. ellipsis of synonyms

老师您好，各位同学你们好，很荣幸能和大家认识，我的名字叫王佳妮，生在大连这座美丽的海滨城市，能和你们在一座城市一所学校相遇我很高兴.让我们一起学习，一起进步，互相支持，共同努力，来向我们的目标奋进.也相信我们在这宁厦成为一生的朋友

Hello ladies and gentlemen. Hello my classmates. I am so glad to see you guys today. My name is Jiani Wang. I am a native of Dalian， the beautiful sea-side city. I feel happy and lucky to know you guys and study together. I hope that we can learn from each other， support each other and fight for our goals together. I also hope that we can become life-time friends here in Ningxia

dear mr. / ms,

we are pleased to introduce mr. wang you, our import manager of textiles department. mr. wang is spending three weeks in your city to develop our business with chief manufactures and to make purchases of decorative fabrics for the coming season.

we shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need.

yours faithfully,

yang ning

亲爱的先生/女士,

我们很高兴向您介绍我们纺织部的进口经理王先生。王先生在你们的城市花了三周的时间来发展我们的业务和主要的生产厂家，并为即将到来的季节购买装饰面料。

如果你能把他介绍给可靠的制造商，并给他任何可能需要的帮助或建议，我们将不胜感激。

你忠实的,

杨宁

Beijing, formerly known as Peking, was the capital of the Yuan Dynasty asearly as 1271. Hundreds of years later, Beijing, as the imperial capital, is nowmore prosperous.

People who come to Beijing for the first time by train will feel that therailway station is very busy and the bus is very convenient. It is said that thebus in Beijing has the longest bus length and the most bus routes in China. Butbecause traffic jams are frequent, it is not the best choice to travel inBeijing by bus. Beijings subway line through the city underground, as many as adozen, there is no traffic jam, is the preferred way of travel for the vastmajority of people.

In Beijing, the most worry is playing. There are many scenic spots inBeijing, such as Tiananmen Square, the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, thesummer palace, Xiangshan, Happy Valley, the zoo, Yonghe palace, Prince Gongsmansion, the temple of heaven, the temple of earth, Lugou Bridge, the ChinaWorld Monument, the new site of CCTV, and so on. When I come to Beijing for thefirst time, it is estimated that it will take me a month to enjoy all thesescenic spots. In other cities, it may cost a lot of money to visit places ofinterest, but in Beijing, its not expensive. For example, in the peak season ofBadaling, its 45 yuan, in the zoo, its 50 yuan, and half price for students.Tiananmen Square, China Century Monument and other attractions are free ofcharge. Although admission fees for scenic spots are not high, accommodation inBeijing is very expensive. Generally, the price of a small hotel is tens of yuana night, that of a slightly larger hotel is more than 100 yuan, and that of astandard room in a medium-sized hotel is about 200-300 yuan. If you want to stayin Beijing for a few more days, youd better go together and rent a short-termsuite in advance, which can save a lot of money.

北京原名北平，早在公元1271年，元朝就定都于此，几百年过去了，身为帝都的北京如今更加的繁华。

坐火车初次来来北京的人，都会觉得火车站很热闹，公交很便捷。据说北京的公交是我国城市公交车车长最长的，公交线路最多的，但因为堵车是时经常的事，所以在北京出行坐公交并不是最佳的选择。北京的地铁线贯通城市地下，多达十几条，还没有堵车的困扰，是绝大多数人首选的出行方式。

在北京，最不愁的就是玩。北京的景点很多，如天安门、长城、故宫、颐和园、香山、欢乐谷、动物园、雍和宫、恭王府、天坛、地坛、卢沟桥、中华世界坛、中央电视台新址，等等。初次来到北京，要想把这些景点都尽兴的游览一遍，估计需要一个月的时间。游览名胜古迹，在其他的城市门票可能是笔不小的花费，但在北京门票并不算贵，像八达岭门票旺季45元，动物园50元，学生半价;天安门、中华世纪坛等景点还是免费进入的。景点门票虽然收费不高，但寸土寸金的北京住宿却很贵。一般的小旅社价格要几十元一晚，稍微大一点的宾馆价格要一百多元，中等酒店宾馆的标准间价格要在二百到三百元左右。建议去北京游玩的人们，如果想多留几天最好结伴而行，事先租好短期租用的套房，这样可以省下不少钱。

Hello，every one!(大家好)

My name is 。 (我叫)

Im a 15 years old boy。 (我是一个15岁的男孩)(具体状况自我改)

I live in the beautiful city of Rizhao。(我住在美丽的Rizhao城)(你能够把Rizhao改成自我家乡的城市的名称的拼音)

Im an active ，lovely and clever boy。(我是一个活跃的可爱的聪明的男孩)

In the school ， my favourite subject is maths 。 (在学校，我最喜欢数学)

Perhaps someone thinks its difficult to study well 。(也许有些人认为这很难学)

But I like it。(但我喜欢他)

I belive that if you try your best， everything can be done well。(我相信每件事付出努力就会有害结果)

I also like sports very much。(我也很喜欢运动)

Such as，running，volleyball and so on。 (像跑步、排球等等)

Im kind-hearted。(我很热心)

If you need help ，please e to me 。(如果你需要帮忙，就来找我)

I hope we can be good friends!(我期望我们能成为好朋友)

OK。This is me 。A sunny boy。(好了，这就是我，一个阳光男孩)

性格开朗，工作认真负责，细心，有很强的责任心和进取心,头脑灵活，不怕吃苦，接受能力强，能够很好的处理同事的关系，具有强烈的团队合作精神，并能承担一定的工作压力。

Cheerful, serious and responsible, careful, have a strong sense of responsibility and initiative, a quick mind, not afraid of hardship, and ability to accept, able to handle the relationship between colleagues, with a strong team spirit, and to assume certain working pressure

I am a girl named yan-qing sun. On the fourth grade this year. But I am tall, now is 156 cm. Every time to dining room dozen rice when other people ask: "you is sixth grade!" "I am the fourth grade. I will tell them calmly. I have a pair of big eyes, a small and a big nose, a small mouth.

I have many hobbies: reading, painting, writing, lover, friend... You may not know my personality. My character is very cheerful. The whole class are my good friend.

Im a bit of a fierce, the boys gave me up a nickname: "tiger." On one occasion, Ma Tao let out a cry: "tigress, the big bad Wolf." I know he want to fool me again. My voice is very high, I let out a cry. "You go - to - I - - -! My voice is too loud, the whole could be heard through the building. Ma Tao scared to shout loudly 1:" tiger angry! "Say that finish it off and ran away.

Listen to my introduction, you want to make friends with me?

我是一个女孩，名叫孙彦清。今年上四年级了。可是我的个子很高，现在已经是156厘米了。每次到食堂打饭的时候别人都会问：“你是六年级的吧!”“我是四年级的。”我会冷静地告诉他们。我有一双水灵灵的大眼睛，一个不大也不小的鼻子，一张小小的嘴儿。

我有很多的爱好：看书、画画、写作、交好朋友……你们可能还不知道我的性格。我的性格很开朗。全班同学都是我的好朋友。

我有一点凶，男生们给我起了一个外号：“母老虎。”有一次，马涛叫了一声：“母老虎，大坏蛋。”我知道他又要耍我了。我的嗓门很高是，我大叫一声。“你——给——我——走——开——!我的声音真是太响了，整幛教学楼都能听到。马涛吓得大叫一声：“母老虎发怒了!”说完便一溜烟跑掉了。

听了我的介绍，你想和我做朋友吗?

第一次来到翻译是面试，试译不能查手机，加上对自己的能力不够自信，心里满是紧张忐忑不安的念头。但是还记得应该是李培姐端来一杯水，不但缓解了我远途而来的干渴，更让我充分有了被尊重的感觉，让我觉得这所公司与别的公司不一样，于细节处见人文关怀。在这里，是同伴间的真诚相待、是团队各司其职尽职尽责、也是员工生日时上的汉堡薯条小龙虾串串香，让我觉得自己十分幸运，也认为自己眼光不错，选择了翻译。

在学校的时候，英汉互译做过一些练习，老师布置的，自己找的，但是所关注的领域和工作中所遇到的全然不同。学习中，老师想的更多是提高学生们的语言水平和翻译技巧，工作中面临的问题绝不仅仅囿于翻译本身，更多的是对综合能力的考察，细心、效率、格式、计算机操作、排版等。

一开始要做各种证件，真的像是打开了新天地的大门。做证件，能翻译姓名性别等信息只是起步，重要的是在信息准确无误的前提下保证排版简洁明了，尽量与原件看齐，这种任务对于我来说是从未体验过的。慢慢地，才发现表格的强大功能，才舍得抛弃惯用的文本框，才发现准确无误地复刻一组数据不是随随便便就能做到的，精神高度集中才不容易出错，做完后更不能就扔到一边，仔细检查才能发现此前忽略的问题。

此外，Trados的大名早有耳闻，自己也曾尝试下载过，为此电脑还安装了一堆莫名其妙的软件，但由于缺乏语料库，后来就作罢了。在这里幸得农老师悉心教导，学会了用Trados来处理银行流水等重复性较高的文件。自己本身就很喜欢学习操作各种软件，在使用Trados过程中，直观地感觉到翻译软件的神奇之处，人工处理流水效率低下，计算机辅助翻译大大地解放了人工且提高了工作效率。机翻取代人工翻译的言论甚嚣尘上，然而翻译软件同人工翻译并不是两个互不融合的对立面，二者的关系并非要谁取代谁，而是要互帮互助。人之所以长于其他生灵，就是因为能较好地利用工具。译员能够长于其他人除了较高翻译水平外应该也是因为译员能够比他人更熟练地操纵翻译工具。前面也曾说过，翻译任务其实不仅仅是翻译本身的行为，其背后的文化因素、审美因素都使得机器翻译不可能单独承载翻译任务。

除了翻译证件和银行流水，有时还会翻译各种证明以及论文。各领域的文件让我感到专业课老师挂在嘴边的那句“Know something about everything”绝非空谈。加强自身的储备，对各种事物保持旺盛的好奇心才能够走得更远。

翻译过程中要对文件中不熟悉的词汇要进行查证，要对模糊的印章证件进行考证，这个过程有时很快就能完成，有时却抓耳挠腮也找不到合适的信息，搜商对于译员来说是一项必备基本素质，如何能快速有效地搜集到想要的信息并对信息进行有效甄别是一项永远都需要学习研究的课题。听了很多前辈的事迹，尤其是于大神与在线医生交流的故事，让我觉得自己在这方面做的很是不足。其一就是整理机打数字时，如果首位数字距离前面的文字距离较近或有重叠部分时，容易漏看第一位数字;其二是对于连笔字体辨别能力不强，此前没有练过连笔字体，所以对连笔字的识别能力亟待提高。

每一件任务都是考验任务接受者的个人素质，仅凭翻译水平绝不能决定任务完成水平。就像李培姐谆谆教诲，工作任务就像木桶，你的粗心就是你的短板，无论翻译水平多高，你的总体水平总是局限在那块板子上。建议非常实际诚恳，我很幸运能收到这样的建议。

翻译的各种文件中，出现了不同的问题。

数字是错误之首，重中之重。数字从来没有像现在这样禁锢住我，以前数学学习上会有不仔细，但问题从未像现在这样大规模地密集地爆发出来。做文件时，各类证件号码安安然躺在冒号后面，似在嘲讽我的没用，在翻译文件时冷不丁伸一脚出来，让我栽一个甚至是数个跟头，甚至栽得鼻青脸肿还在栽。我心底里感谢我的老板同事，因为在我栽跟头时，他们会告诉我怎样去避免栽跟头，他们始终对我抱有期望没有直接放弃我。今后在处理数字问题时，要做到首先做文件时全神贯注专心致志，争取第一遍不要出错，其次要加强检查，检查中着重看数字的对错，每一处都要一一对应。

中英标点问题说实话工作以前从来没有人对我强调过，如果不是从事与文字相关的工作的人，估计很难注意到这二者的区别。但是对这小小标点的执著，正体现了公司的专业精神以及职业素养，是对文字的负责、对客户的负责、也是对自己的负责。得益于在公司中英文标点的训练，在撰写毕业论文时对标点多检查了几遍，导师还有说我论文里中英标点几乎没有什么问题，不像其他同学那样泛滥。在中英文字都存在的文件中，除了翻译文件时要留意标点问题，翻译后对标点进行统一替换有时也可以检查出难以发现的问题。

译文要保持前后一致这点对于译文质量来说也非常重要。就像老板说的：“错也要错的一样，这样有利于你整体改正。”尤其是采用术语的情况下，更不可以只顾自己的翻译习惯，要联系模板或是先前的文件内容，对同一名词(包括但不局限于专有名词)的译法在一批文件里要统一。

进入公司一心想要为公司创造价值不成，却发现自己的错误有可能会给公司造成损失，给他人造成麻烦。别人的时间也是时间，即便是一个错误也会造成不必要的时间、经济和名誉上的浪费损失。这样的译员绝不是一个成熟的专业的译员。翻译能力要提高，工作素养也要提高，想做一个敬业的译员不可以舍弃其中的任何一个。

短时间内没能好好检查文件必然导致后续的时间成本流失，错误的改正是需要时间的。一次性完成既避免了不必要的麻烦，也省去了之后与客户沟通修改的时间。优秀的侦探小说家智商总要比笔下的侦探人物智商要高，译员永远不知道客户能有多仔细认真，所以译员能做的就是在做文件时要比客户更要认真仔细。虽然话说起来容易做起来难，但仍要不断向这个目标努力靠近，改正自己的性格中的缺陷。

错误是我的一个较为失败的开局，但不能让它成为我的影子。即便粗心现在化作标签，也不能让它长久地在我额头上粘下去。问题暴露出来，就要解决问题，迎头而上才不会一辈子都处在问题的阴影之下。以后要多做这一类型的文件，补齐自己的短板，数字暂时处理不好，就多向李培姐索要有关数字的任务;对户口本有心理阴影，就多翻译校对户口本，向农老师学习，多查多看多总结。

过去一个多月里无疑是我一生中最重要的时间段，从学校大门走出来面临着地点与身份的转变，门前门后是不同的世界，很开心能走到翻译的门前。

我从正式开始学习翻译到现在，不过两年时间。作为一个年轻的翻译爱好者，我对翻译这门让人时而绝望时而又充满希望的艺术，有着自己最真实的经历与感悟。在此想借本文与所有翻译新手共勉。

关于英汉互译的研究著作可谓汗牛充栋，各种派别观点层出不穷，让后来者眼花缭乱，却又无从选择。其实从英译汉的角度来说，究其本质，过程无非就两个步骤：1、准确理解英文原文;2、用地道的中文表达原文的含义。

如何准确理解英文原文

我们先来谈谈第一个步骤，如何准确理解英文原文——这一点说白了就是考验译者的阅读理解能力。如果说在阅读中遇到不认识的单词或词组，译者尚且能够通过查阅字典的方式解决的话，那么英语中繁复多样的句式往往就不是一本字典可以打发的了。尤其在阅读文学性较强的英语作品时，作者行云流水般的笔触通常都是借助丰富多变的句型来表现的。这些英语作品与我们日常教科书本中选取的文章相比，往往来得更为艰深难懂。怎么办?惟一的办法就是从头做起：

1、确保自己在学校中或是培训班上接触到的一切阅读材料都能够完全透彻地理解。

千万不要小瞧学校老师为你选择的阅读教材，或许它们所触及的话题不是非常新鲜前卫，或许它们涵盖的内容与你的兴趣爱好相悖。但是，它们却能在不经意间为你打下阅读基础的坚实栋梁。

2、在学有余力的基础上，可以选择一些英语课外读物来扩充自己的阅读量。

对具体英语读物的选择其实还是有些讲究的。比如，有些学生对文学类作品很感兴趣，但并不意味着他们在一开始就该选择那些厚得像砖块一样的原版名著来阅读，因为这样做无异于“自杀”。究其原因，仅其中的生词就足以使阅读者信心全无。那么，那些有中英文对照的版本是否能称为上佳之选呢?答案依然为否。因为这极易激发读者的惰性，尤其对阅读量有限的读者来说更是如此。

对此我的建议是，选择那些名著的缩写本，并且是配有详细注释的版本。在阅读过程中，读者往往很难定位陌生的词组或表达。比如说有这样一句话：HesaidthatIwaswayoutofthatgirl’sleague.初次见到这个表达的人可能以为只要查到league的中文意思问题就解决了，他们无法立刻意识到，AbeoutofB’sleague是一个完整的词组表达式，其含义是：A君配不上B君;而句中的way一词，也不是我们以前学过的“道路”或者“方式、方法”的意思，而应解释为“远远地”或是“过于”。所以，全句的正确理解应为：他说我压根儿就配不上那个女孩子。如果读者选择读物的时候能够找到有类似这样配以注释的版本，阅读起来就既不会因为生词过多而灰心，同时又能够逐渐培养定位词组的语感了。

3、将新鲜或新学的词组记录在笔记本上，并连同该词组出现的句子一起写下，以供随时重温。

有时候，仅写下词组对我们的记忆来说是一项很大的挑战，因为我们可能很快就会忘记其含义。即使当初在一旁写下了中文意思，时间一长就会忘记应如何使用它了。这时如果为该词组提供背景环境，不但能够加深我们对它的记忆，也可以为日后模仿成句提供现成例子。

对英语原文的准确理解是英译汉的第一步。形象说来，这一步就像是“踩点”，一定要踩得准、踩得到位，只有这样才能为下一步转换成中文打好基础。

如何使行文变得“地道”

英译汉的第二步是用地道的中文表达原文的含义。这对译者的中文功底是一个十足的考验。这里的“地道”指的是，译文不会让人感觉到有英语原文的痕迹，就好像它原来就是一篇中文作品一样。

很多时候，译者对原文的理解没有问题，但是要将这粗糙、原始、零碎的理解升华为通顺、精致、具整体性的另一种语言，并用符合该语言习惯用法的表达转述出来，往往就不是那么容易了。尤其当原文是以精确简约著称的英语，而目标语言是惯于华美繁复的汉语时，我们往往就得花费更多的工夫去打磨译文，才能弥合两种语言之间的沟壑。那么我们如何培养出这种“地道”的翻译呢?

再拿前文提到过的一个句子为例：HesaidthatIwaswayoutofthatgirl’sleague.句中way一词若单独解释，则可以理解为“过于”或“远远地”等含义，但是如果直接放置到句中，其译文则成为：他说我过于配不上那个女孩子;他说我远远配不上那个女孩子;与我们给出的译文“他说我压根儿就配不上那个女孩子”相比，“过于”和“远远”显然都不如“压根儿”来得地道，虽然从本质上讲，这三个词的含义都很相近。你一定想问：我怎么就想不到“压根儿”这个词呢?那是因为你没有成功进行角色的变换。

什么叫做角色的变换?

当我们做到上文所讲的第一步“准确理解英文原文的含义”后，我们的思维会在不经意间嵌入英文语言的模式。这时，只有成功脱离该模式，进入换位思考的状态，才有可能在最大程度上激活自身的汉语表达能力。面对这种情况，我们应该将原文的含义提取出来，暂存在大脑中，想想作为一个中国人，他会怎样来表达这层意思;或者回想自己有没有亲历过类似的情况，自己当时又是如何表达的呢?如此这般，较为地道的用语就能信手拈来了。

又如这么一个句子：Butthesameadvantagewouldapplytoallspecies,andyetwealonecomposesymphoniesandcrosswordpuzzles,carvestoneintostatues,maptimeandspace.原文理解起来并不困难，但若跳不出英语的思维模式、不考虑中文惯用表达、逐字翻译，其结果就是：但是同样的优势将会出现在所有的物种身上，然而惟独我们谱写出交响曲和字谜游戏，将石头刻成雕像，划分时间和空间。

这样的翻译不能说有错，但是中文的美感全无。翻译界前辈总结的“信达雅”是以信达为基础，以雅为目标的三步翻译标准，其中最难把握的也就是这第三步“雅”的境界。下面我们来具体分析一下这个句子的各个部分。

首先要注意的词是第一个分句中的would，这个词可不是随便用的，它除了在过去将来时中会出现以外，还会出现在虚拟语气里。在此我们可大致判断，第一个分句其实是一个省略虚拟句式，即省略的非真实条件句，而被省略的部分就是该非真实条件复合句中的条件部分，而我们看到的只是结果部分。所以有必要将条件部分还原为：如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力，那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。

第二个小分句andyetwealonecomposesymphoniesandcrosswordpuzzles,carvestoneintostatues,maptimeandspace中，值得注意的地方可不少：

(1)整个句子的结构：andyetwealone如同一个统领的标志,后面的compose,carve,map分别是其下的三个并列动宾词组。如何翻译此类句子?

在这里我们可以采用类似数学中合并同类项的做法——将andyetwealone先提取出来总述，然后将后面的三个动宾词组作为分述，译文为：然而，惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头：我们谱写交响曲

(2)动词compose后面跟的两个宾语symphonies和crosswordpuzzles该如何处理?虽然原文里只用了一个动词，但是在中文里面却很难找到这样一个动词能够同时搭配交响曲和字谜游戏，所以在翻译过程中，应将一个compose拆分为两个中文动词，与两个宾语分别搭配，译文为：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏;

(3)那么carvestoneintostatues,maptimeandspace这两个动宾结构又该如何处理呢?在这里可以延续前面的主语“我们”：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏，刻石头成雕像，划分时间空间，但是，这样的译本就看似平淡，没有层次感。如果我们根据意群对该分句进行二度划分，就能把划分符放在carve之前，将后两个动宾词组合为一组，与前文分开。同时，采用主宾对换的方式使得句式结构富于变换，即不再使用“我们”作为动宾结构的主语，而是让原本处于宾语地位的stone和timeandspace翻身作主人，这一切变换措施只需要借助一个小小的地点状语即可实现：在我们的手中，顽石诞生为雕像，时空归依为坐标。全句翻译如下：如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力，那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。然而，惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏;在我们的手中，顽石诞生为雕像，时空归依为坐标。这样一来，整句中的小结构里又透出工整对仗之意，大结构上又十分富有层次感，也不失变化;读来全无英文的痕迹，而又忠于原文，这才是令人颇为满意的好译文。

综上所述，翻译两部曲中的第二步是“成品”的关键所在。译者在此既要有跳出原文束缚的能力，又不能一蹦三丈远——完全脱离原文内容实质、凭空创造;也就是说，译者还得有将译文“靠”回原文的本领。翻译之路如此漫漫，大家还需不断“上下而求索”，希望我的这篇文章能够在此给大家“抛砖引玉”。

Dear Sir，

I am very glad to recommend Mr. LIN to your graduate study at your school.

Mr. LIN has been a research assistant in the financial crisis of science commission since nine month， and his main responsibilities include collecting information， analyzing and translating.He is a young man full of enthusiasm and progress， with great potential.LIN teachers are not only good at learning， they are good at solving problems， and have logical thinking， which can effectively analyze difficulties.All the work handed to him was consummated.In fact， he was so reliable that I assigned him a heavy responsibility.With his help， I can spend more time writing research papers.I really think Im lucky to have such an able assistant.

I am sure that his diligence， coupled with good ability and pleasant personality， will enable him to achieve academic success in future academic pursuits.I highly recommend his admission without any reservations.

Best regards.

亲爱的先生:

我很高兴向你推荐先生在你学校的研究生学习。

自**年**月以来，先生一直是*科学委员会金融危机的研究助理，他的主要职责包括收集信息、分析和翻译。他是一个充满热情和进步的年轻人，有着极高的潜力。**老师不仅善于学习，善于解决难题，而且有逻辑思维，能有效地分析困难。所有交给他的工作都圆满完成了。事实上，他是如此的可靠，我给他分配了沉重的责任。在他的帮助下，我可以花更多的时间来写研究论文。我真的认为我很幸运有这样一位能干的助手。

我确信他的勤奋，加上良好的能力和令人愉快的个性，将使他在以后的学术追求中获得学术成就。我强烈推荐他的入学，没有任何保留。

谨致问候。

Hello， everybody，

大家好，

Im glad to meet all of you。

很高兴与大家相会，

Let me tell you a little bit about myself。

请允许我介绍一下自我，

Be patient with me， Im a little bit nervous。

我有点紧张， 期望大家多包涵。

My name is Louis。 Im reaIly excited to have the chance

我的名字叫路易斯， 有机会加入到李阳疯狂 英语的团队

to join the team here at Li Yang Crazy English。

我感到十分激动。

Im looking forward to getting to know all of you。

我热切地盼望着认识大 家。

I recently graduated from Harvard with a degree

我刚从哈佛大学毕业，

in political science。 My hobbies are watching TV

获得了政治学学位， 我的嗜好是看电视

and painting watercolors。 My favorite sport is volleyball。

和画水彩画。 我最喜欢的运动是排球。

Being the new guy here makes me feel a little bit out of place。

在那里我是个新手， 有点无所适从。

Im trying to remember everybodys name

我会尽力记住每个人的 名字，

so I wont embarrass myself by calling Mr。 Lee by someone elses

不至于张冠李戴而闹笑 话。

name。 If I do make a mistake， please forgive me。

如果真出了错， 敬请原谅。

Ive studied the reports of past meetings，

我学习了以往的会议记 录，

and Ive asked Mr。 Lee for his guidance。

也请教过李先生。

I hope that I can make a worthwhile contribution to the pany。

我期望我能为公司做出 卓有成效的贡献。

Thank you for your warm wele。

感谢各位的热情欢迎。

One possible version:

June 8, 20xx Dear Sir, Im sorry to tell you that I cant go to school today, Ive caught a cold because I swam in the schools swimming pool yesterday. This morning I had a headache. After taking my temperature, my mother found that I had a high fever, immediately she took me to see a doctor, who advised me to stay in bed for 2 days. Now I am writing to you to ask for 2 days sick leave. With best wishes.

Your student,

Tom

Hello! (sir / madam / ladies and gentleman)

My names (中文名字)， and you can call me (英文名字).

Im eleven years old.I study in the……Primary School，and Im in Class 5，Grade 5.Therere three people in my family，theyre……my mother is a (职业)……my father is a (职业)……I do love my happy warm family!In addition，Im sunny boy with lots of hobbies， for instance，stamp-collecting， swimming，reading， etc.But I prefer……because……and I have learned since I was……years old.Soon I will graduate from primary school， and I sincerely hope that I can continue to study at this school.Thanks for your attention!

Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction

Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.

The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.

The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Dianmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Dianmenwere demolished after the founding of the peoples Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.

北京是有着三千年历史的国家历史文化名城。北京在历史上曾为六朝都城，在从燕国起的20__多年里，建造了许多宏伟壮丽的宫廷建筑，使北京成为中国拥有帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛和陵墓数量最多，内容最丰富的城市。其中北京故宫，明朝时叫大内宫城，清朝时叫紫禁城，这里原为明、清两代的皇宫，住过24个皇帝，建筑宏伟壮观，完美地体现了中国传统的古典风格和东方格调，是中国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。天坛以其布局合理、构筑精妙而扬名中外，是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”

四合院是以正房、倒座房、东西厢房围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的北方传统住宅的统称。北京四合院源于元代院落式民居，是老北京城最主要的民居建筑。一座座青瓦灰砖的四合院之间形成的窄巷，就是著名的老北京胡同。

北京的宗教寺庙遍布京城，现存著名的有：佛教的法源寺、潭柘寺、戒台寺、云居寺、八大处等。道教的白云观等。伊斯兰教的北京牛街礼拜寺等。藏传佛教(喇嘛教)的雍和宫等，天主教西什库天主堂、王府井天主堂等。基督_的缸瓦市教堂、崇文门教堂等。

北京中轴线是指元、明、清时的北京城的中轴线，北京的城市规划具有以宫城为中心左右对称的特点。北京的中轴线南起永定门，北至钟鼓楼，长约7.8公里。从南往北依次为，永定门，前门箭楼，正阳门，中华门，天安门，端门，午门，紫禁城，神武门，景山，地安门，后门桥，鼓楼和钟楼。从这条中轴线的南端永定门起，就有天坛、先农坛;太庙、社稷坛;东华门、西华门;安定门，德胜门以中轴线为轴对称分布。中国著名建筑大师梁思成先生曾经说：“北京的独有的壮美秩序就由这条中轴线的建立而产生。”永定门、中华门、地安门都在中华人民共和国成立后被拆毁，而近年来又重新修建了永定门城楼。

Hello everybody。 My name is Stone。 I e from Guangdong province in China。;

嗨，大家好。 我的名字叫石头，我来自 中国广东。

I am very happy to e here to study with you。;我很高兴来那里和你们一 起念书。

When I arrived at this school three days ago， I fell in love with it。;

当我三天前来到这个 学校时，我就喜欢上它了

It is so beautiful and exciting here， and everyone is kind to me especially Kim。;

那里是那么美丽，那么振 奋人心，那里的每个人都 对我很亲切，

个性是Kim 老师。

This class feels just like one big family to me。;

而这个班群众对我来说就 像一个大家庭。

Im interested in sports， music and mountain climbing。;

我对运动、音乐和爬 山很有兴趣。

I hope I can bee your friend soon。 Thank you very much。;

最后，我期望我能很 快成为你们的朋友，多谢。

Good morning! My name is libinbin. I’m a quite girl. I’m 8. I’m in class2, grade3 of taishan school.

I’m good at reading and writing. And I like English very much. All of my classmates like to play with me. So I’m a happy girl now!

That’s all. Thank you!

招聘启事

招聘岗位：英语翻译

学历要求：大专及以上

工作年限：不限，可接收应届生

薪资待遇：底薪+个人提成+团队提成

岗位职责：

1、对客户来往邮件的翻译、在线交流的翻译;

2、负责日常英语业务的翻译;

3、翻译资料的整理收集，与翻译团队成员沟通协作;

4、待遇形式采取补贴加提成形式计算，多劳多得，有员工生日假期等;

5、参加部门内开展的专业培训与交流，提高翻译的专业水平。

任职资格：

1、专科及以上学历，非英语专业CET-6或者英语专业TEM-4及以上;

2、性格开朗，勤奋努力，善于表达，工作认真细致，思维敏捷，沟通能力强;

3、有较强的责任心，具备良好的职业道德与职业素养。

工作时间：

夏季：8:30-12:00 13:30-18:00

冬季：8:30-12:00 13:00-17:30

联系方式：

联系地址：

Hello, everyone! My name is JooZone. I am x years old. I am from China.I can speak Chinese and a little English. My favorite subject is English, because I think it is very interesting. I like going to the movies, playing sports and reading books. I like summer best, because it is very relaxing and we have a long hollday. I love my life. I think I am a happy girl. Do you want to make friends with me?

翻译

大家好!我是作文地带。我x岁。我来自中国。我会说中文和一点英文。我最喜欢的科目是英语，因为我认为它非常有趣。我喜欢看电影，做运动和看书。我最喜欢夏天，因为他非常轻松并且我们有一个长的假期。我爱我的生活。我认为我是一个快乐的女孩。你想和我做好朋友么?

经过一个学期的学习，我们即将结束《英汉翻译教程》的学习。通过学习，我又掌握了一门新的英语学习技能，也初步了解了英汉翻译的基本要求与要领。简而言之，就是获益匪浅。

英汉翻译是一门建立在综合能力基础之上的学科，囊括了全方位的知识以及中西文化的差异。不管是对个人能力以及日常积累都有较高的要求。前我一直有一种误区：认为只要掌握大量的词汇，翻译起来就会很容易，认为翻译只不过是把大量的词汇拼接连接在一起。可是当我真正接触到这门课程时惊觉自己原来的思维是有多么的狭隘。当翻译一句话时，我根本不知道该怎么组合。勉强组合在一块时不是错误百出，就是很Chinglish.

首先，英汉翻译应遵循“忠实，通顺”的标准。所谓忠实，就是忠实于原文的内容。由于中西文化之间存在的巨大差异，一句英文在欧美人看起来顺理成章，而在我们中国人看起来就会极其别扭。我们就会在翻译过程中不自觉的用上自己的思维，因而改变了原文的意思破坏了原文的风格。通顺就是指原文语言必须通俗易懂，符合规范。译文必须通顺，避免死译，硬译，符合规范。把原文的内容适当的表达出来，既不能改变扭曲，也不能增加或删减。如“Heisseriouslyill”.就译为：“他病得很厉害”。有人为了追求汉语的“漂亮”译为“他苟延残喘”，这就得不偿失了。

其次，翻译分为三个阶段：理解，表达，和校核。准确理解原文所要表达的意思，注意上下文的关系在翻译过程中是至关重要的。在翻译时采取直译或者意译两种方式。有时在翻译过程中我们也可以直译和意译结合起来使用。主要取决与具体的情景。校核也是一个非常重要的过程，不可忽视。即在翻译时要经过反复的推敲，已到达最好效果的翻译。

翻译不是一朝一夕就能做到做好的事。我们在日常学习中必须注重积累有关英译汉方面的知识以及基本方法。了解基本英汉语言对比(词法和句法)。通过对比，掌握两种语言各自的特点，以及所对应的意思，在翻译的时候才能得心应手的运用。避免造成错用，误用，闹出笑话。需要注意的是随着语言的发展，很多英语单词已经不再紧紧局限于其原有的意思，更有了扩展。这就要求我们积极扩充自己的积累。同时，我还学习掌握了英译汉时常用的方法和技巧。如：增词法，重复法，省略法，以及词义的转义等等。还有关于各种不同句型的不同翻译方式。如定语从句，被动语态，状语从句等等，这些在书本上都有系统的介绍。我们在日常练习的时候也要避免为了做题而做题，要在过程中学会理解，应用这些方法。

我还体会到理解和翻译并不是一回事，几个人的理解相同，翻译成的文字风格可以是不同的。通过学习，我了解到可以直译的就直译，只要把词序调整一下，保证通顺，不致引起误解就好。如果不能直译，可凭借各种翻译技巧，在不偏离原文意思的前提下，对句子的结构作一些变动。方法也好，技巧也好，都是为忠实、通顺地再现原作这个目的服务的，其功效自不待言，但并非万应灵药。任何方法在应用中都有其限度，过犹不及。如果一味死搬教条，盲目遵照翻译的规则，过分依赖这些翻译的技巧，最终只会落得个邯郸学步的结果。优秀的翻译者会在在实践中经常数法并用，因人因文而异，并无一定之规，主要靠自己不断实践、不断总结经验和不断提高理论水平，才能最终达到得心应手、曲尽其妙的境界。

经过学习，我确实获得了不少的进步以及在本学期的翻译学习中，我们获得了翻译专业应具备的一项技能，也对下学期的汉英翻译学习有了初步的计划和想法，以后学起来的时候亦不会无从下手。我相信我在今后的翻译道路更加宽阔平坦，我会再今后的学习中，不断总结经验技巧，是这些宝贵经验成为翻译学习的宝贵财富，力争做一名合格的英语人。

我也知道只是经过这学期的学习，我还有很多缺失以及不足的对地方。像中西文化这方面我就做的不是很好，经常在翻译时会弄不清具体的背景知识而做出错误的译文。翻译的时候也会出现措辞不当的现象。我还需要继续的加深关于这方面的知识。翻译不像我想象中的那么简单，但是也不是高不可攀。最重要的是要保持一颗积极学习进取的心，无论何时何地不能失去对翻译的热情。只有这样，才能在日后的学习中遇到困难时有勇气克服它。翻译本就是一个需要不断探索，积累，应运的过程。我有信心在未来的学习中会越走越远，越做越好!!!

Name is Wang Rongyao, ten years old this year, people studying Chinese.

I have a frame, and a mouth very will talk. My nose on a pair of glasses.

At school, I showed a stable side, let my teachers and classmates think Im quite confident, in fact I am a coward. At home, just as it had been shut my mouth water above on, so the mother call I "twitter".

I am very caring, when I saw a small animals were injured, Ill take it home. Friends said I like a vet.

My weakness is I was too careless. On one occasion, I give wrong the simple subject, so the somewhat by the teacher. I am that one short of a percentage. But, now I say goodbye to careless gradually.

I will study hard, to make a contribution to society.

的名字叫王荣耀，今年十岁，就读民万华小。

我有一张瓜子脸，和一张很会说话的嘴巴。我的鼻梁上架着一副眼镜。

在学校，我表现出沉稳的一面，让老师和同学们觉得我很有自信，其实我是个胆小鬼。在家里，我的嘴巴就像没有关紧的水喉在叽叽喳喳地说个不停，所以妈妈都叫我“叽喳公”。

我很有爱心，每当我看见有小动物受伤时，我就会马上带它回家治疗。朋友都说我像一位兽医。

我的缺点是我太粗心大意了。有一次，我把简单的题目给弄错了，所以被老师扣了几分。我还差那一题就一百分了。但是，我现在渐渐地跟粗心大意说再见。