硕博连读英语翻译推荐20篇

老师您好，各位同学你们好，很荣幸能和大家认识，我的名字叫王佳妮，生在大连这座美丽的海滨城市，能和你们在一座城市一所学校相遇我很高兴.让我们一起学习，一起进步，互相支持，共同努力，来向我们的目标奋进.也相信我们在这宁厦成为一生的朋友

Hello ladies and gentlemen. Hello my classmates. I am so glad to see you guys today. My name is Jiani Wang. I am a native of Dalian， the beautiful sea-side city. I feel happy and lucky to know you guys and study together. I hope that we can learn from each other， support each other and fight for our goals together. I also hope that we can become life-time friends here in Ningxia

大家好，我叫...，来自钦州，我很高兴能在这里与大家认识，我是纺织工业学校的一名学生，我的专业是针织，我很荣幸能参加集训营，我参加集训营是因为我喜欢英语，我希望在集训营里学到的用在我以后的工作中，并开始我的职业生涯。因为我坚信将在很多领域都需要英语。 我的英语很差这就是我为什么在这里和大家一起学习，我知道我拿下英语将是一个巨大的挑战，但我坚信，“宝剑锋从磨出，梅花香自苦寒来”，坚持就是胜利，希望就在今后的学习中请大家多多指教，谢谢!

Hello everyone! My is......, from Qinzhou. I’m so glad to meet you, and I’m currently a student at Guangxi Textile Industrial School. my major is knitting. It’s my pleasure to join the CHAMPION training camp, because I love English and I hope I can learn something in the training for my future work. As we all know English is very useful in every field.My English is limited that’s why I’m here. I know it’s a huge challenge for me to conquer English, but I believe that “No pains, no gains, success belongs to the persevering”, I hope I can learn more from you, Thank you!

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告

how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation

i. purpose and significance

with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.

ii. literature review

long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.

i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.

another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.

i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.

in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

iii. feasibility analysis

this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.

2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.

6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.

iv. problems of the research and solutions

1. problems

despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. solutions

(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.

(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

v. necessary conditions

1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.

3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

vi. outline

i. introduction

a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation

b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis

c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation

1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english

2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure

ii. the principles of ellipsis

a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works

b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test

c. omitted words which are self-evident

ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis

a. the coherence of the meaning of expression

b. the coincidence of the manner of expression

1. ellipsis of articles

a. ellipsis of definite articles

b. ellipsis of indefinite articles

2. ellipsis of prepositions

3. ellipsis of pronouns

a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns

b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns

c. ellipsis of relative pronouns

4. ellipsis of conjunctions

a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions

b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions

5. ellipsis of rhetoric

a. ellipsis of repeated words

b. ellipsis of synonyms

One possible version:

June 8, 20xx Dear Sir, Im sorry to tell you that I cant go to school today, Ive caught a cold because I swam in the schools swimming pool yesterday. This morning I had a headache. After taking my temperature, my mother found that I had a high fever, immediately she took me to see a doctor, who advised me to stay in bed for 2 days. Now I am writing to you to ask for 2 days sick leave. With best wishes.

Your student,

Tom

亲友生病或是受了伤，或由于火灾、水灾、被盗等一些不幸的事件而蒙受了损失，就应该写一封慰问信表示关怀和慰问。慰问信要写得很真诚，要注意措辞。写慰问信时，一定要围绕一个中心，那就是使收信人从中得到安慰和鼓舞。

Dear Mrs. Corbin,

I was so sorry to learn of your illness. You must hurry and get well!Everybody in the neighborhood misses you, and we’re all hoping you’ll be back soon.

Mr. Burke joins me in sending best wishes for your speed recovery.

Sincerely yours,

Mary Burke

[译文]

亲爱的科宾夫人：

听说您病了，我非常难过。您一定要尽快地恢复健康，因为邻居们都很想念您，大家都希望您早日出院归来。

伯克先生和我共祝您很快康复。

您真挚的

玛丽 伯克

dear mr. / ms.,

this is to introduce mr. frank jones, our new marketing

specialist who will be in london from april 5 to mid april on business.

we shall appreciate any help you can give mr. jones and will always be happy to reciprocate.

yours faithfully,

亲爱的先生/女士,

这是介绍弗兰克琼斯先生，我们的新市场

专家将于4月5日至4月中旬在伦敦出差。

我们将感激你给琼斯先生的任何帮助，并将永远乐于报答。

你忠实的,

Dear Mr. madam:

I am writing this letter to introduce my high school classmate in Beijing. He is now working for tech company. He will be transferred to the branch of your city next month.

Because this is his first time to work abroad， he may face many problems， especially housing.He wants you to help him find a suitable apartment.You have lived there for more than ten years， and you must be very familiar with it.I would appreciate it if you could help him find accommodation.

Thank you for your attention to this letter and hope to receive your reply as soon as possible.I am very grateful for the trouble.

亲爱的夫人：

我写这封信是为了介绍我在北京的高中同学，他现在**科技公司工作，下个月他将被调到您所在城市的分部工作。

因为这是他第一次到国外工作，所以他可能会面临很多问题，尤其是住房问题。他希望您能帮他参谋并找到一个合适的公寓。您在那里已经生活了十多年，对那里一定非常熟悉。如果您能帮他找到住处，我将非常感谢。

谢谢您对本信给予的关注，希望能尽快收到您的回复。烦劳之处，万分感激。

回想自己大学这四年的经历，做过团支书，做过院学生会副主席，做过党支部书记，丰富的工作经历给予我一份精彩的体验和回忆。我从中得到的是成长，是进步，是成熟。记得自己在刚进大学时，觉得在这个天地很开阔，这个环境很新鲜，带着对未知事物的新奇，我希望一一经历所有以前未曾经历的东西，尝试着改变自己，做不一样的自己。怀着这样的心情，我积极得去做自己想做的事，军训期间的中秋晚会，第一次班委选举，学生会招新，社团招新，新生辩论赛，新生演讲赛，我都一一参加过，后来大一期间，在班级中担任团支书，担任院学生会记者团委员，也是凭着自己的热情和干劲，努力做着自己喜欢的事，一年里经历过心酸和失落，但更多的是收获了一种成熟的处理问题的方式和面对困难的勇气，学会如何先做人再做事，

这期间我很庆幸得到了自我提升与完善，比如能够勇敢不胆怯地在公开场合讲话，比如语言组织能力得以加强，比如学会如何与人相处，比如表达能力有一定提升……其实虽然自己各方面有所提升，但是我觉得最重要的是这些刻骨铭心的经历，会伴随我一辈子。

曾经有人问过我，这些工作对我来说，最重要的收获是什么，我想我得到的或许是自信，或者是锻炼，或许是友谊，再或许......的确，大学之前的自己，就连在很多人面前讲话，都会很紧张，而如今，我想不论面对多少人，我都可以做到从容自信，这算是自己一个很大的提升吧。说到锻炼，我从身边的很多人身上学到了太多东西，学会思考，学会表达，学会组织，学会号召。最重要的一点是，我学会了如何挑战自我，勇敢地做自己从前不敢做的事情，四年前的自己或许不敢想象，今天的我，能够站在这里，面对这么多的人，给大家做这样的报告。曾经我遇到过很多瓶颈，每一次在我觉得自己可能做不到，要打退堂鼓的时候，我都会告诉自己，一定要去尝试，过了这一次，以后就不会怕了。所以，就这样，我不断克服自己的弱点，总结自己的不足，一点一点在进步着。

在我看来，这些工作带给我最大的收获是一种心情，是面对工作油然而生的热情，责任与动力，这样的心情带给我满满的充实感，让我感受自己一点一滴的成长。

Hello， everybody，

大家好，

Im glad to meet all of you。

很高兴与大家相会，

Let me tell you a little bit about myself。

请允许我介绍一下自我，

Be patient with me， Im a little bit nervous。

我有点紧张， 期望大家多包涵。

My name is Louis。 Im reaIly excited to have the chance

我的名字叫路易斯， 有机会加入到李阳疯狂 英语的团队

to join the team here at Li Yang Crazy English。

我感到十分激动。

Im looking forward to getting to know all of you。

我热切地盼望着认识大 家。

I recently graduated from Harvard with a degree

我刚从哈佛大学毕业，

in political science。 My hobbies are watching TV

获得了政治学学位， 我的嗜好是看电视

and painting watercolors。 My favorite sport is volleyball。

和画水彩画。 我最喜欢的运动是排球。

Being the new guy here makes me feel a little bit out of place。

在那里我是个新手， 有点无所适从。

Im trying to remember everybodys name

我会尽力记住每个人的 名字，

so I wont embarrass myself by calling Mr。 Lee by someone elses

不至于张冠李戴而闹笑 话。

name。 If I do make a mistake， please forgive me。

如果真出了错， 敬请原谅。

Ive studied the reports of past meetings，

我学习了以往的会议记 录，

and Ive asked Mr。 Lee for his guidance。

也请教过李先生。

I hope that I can make a worthwhile contribution to the pany。

我期望我能为公司做出 卓有成效的贡献。

Thank you for your warm wele。

感谢各位的热情欢迎。

Hello, everyone.My name is Zhang Wenxin, fourteen years old this year.

大家好,我叫张温馨。今年14岁。

Im studying in Xiamen PE and Sports School, a member of free combat team.

就读于厦门市体育运动学校，是散打队的一名队员。

I am an active, bright, friendly and humorous girl.

我是一个性格活泼开朗，热情幽默的女生。

So happy to stand here and introduce myself to you.

很高兴可以站在这里向大家介绍我自己。

Next, Id like to sing an English song. Its name is

接下来呢我要表演的才艺是一首英文歌 名字叫……

Good morning !

早上好!

It is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,

这真是我的荣幸有这个机会参加面试,

I hope i can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed.

我希望我能成为一个好今天的表现。我相信我能成功。

Now i will introduce myself briefly

现在我将简要介绍一下我自己

I am 26 years old,born in shandong province .

我26岁,出生在山东省。

I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic. and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 20xx.

我毕业于青岛大学。我的专业是电子。我毕业后,我得到了我的学士学位在20xx年。

I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.

我花大部分时间在学习上,我已经通过了CET4/6。我对我的专业的基础知识有了在我的学校的时间。

In July 20xx, I begin work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city. Because Im capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.

20xx年7月,我开始工作一小型私人企业作为技术支持工程师在青岛城市。因为我有能力担负起更多的责任,所以我决定改变我的工作。

And in August 20xx,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer. Because I want to change my working environment, Id like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position.

20xx年8月,我离开青岛到北京,为外国企业工作作为一个自动化软件测试工程师。因为我想改变工作环境,我想找一个更具挑战性的工作。分别摩托罗拉是一个全球性的公司,所以我觉得我可以获得最多的工作在这种公司ennvironment。这就是为什么我来这里竞争这个职位。

I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.

我认为我是一个良好的团队合作精神,我一个人的伟大的诚实给别人。我能在巨大压力下工作。

That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.

这是所有。谢谢你给我这个机会。

尊敬的考官：

上午好!

本人毕业于_医学院临床医学专业，获得医学学士学位。

本人工作方面：做事勤奋诚恳，自信上进，喜欢交往，致学以用。在学习方面：专业基础扎实，虚心，好学钻研，努力提高自身素质，善于接受新鲜事物，善于学习新兴技术和新的方法。心理方面：自我调节能力较好，有耐受。个人亲和力较好，善于沟通和交流。

对于医学，我有着深厚的感情。学医五年，我被这一门学科深深地迷住了，细读医理，不禁酣畅雀跃，精研医案，往往拍案叫绝，掩卷沉思，常感豁然开朗之妙，临床印证，时有立竿见影之功。

在追求知识的同时，我努力完善自己人格。在别人眼中，我工作勤恳，为人坦诚，思想活跃，吃苦耐劳，维护集体利益，有敬业精神，与人为善，尊重他人。我深深懂得有高尚的道德观和完美人格的重要性，我也深信自己能做得更好。

临床医学是一个高尚的专业，需要我们加倍努力去探索和发展，我深知：只有拥有一技之长，精通自己的专业技能，才能在社会立足。在大学里我全身心的投入对这个专业的学习中。真诚的希望贵单位能给我一个施展自己才华的舞台，我将继续努力，全身心的投入到工作中，让自己在实践中不断成长，为临床医学事业的发展添砖加瓦!

我的自我介绍完毕，谢谢!

Hello!(注意打招呼，并且注意称呼：sir / madam / ladies and gentleman)My name‘s (中文名字)， and you can call me (英文名字)。

您好。(注意打招呼，并且注意称呼：先生/小姐/女士和绅士)我的名字是(中文名字)，你可以叫我(英文名字)。

I‘m eleven years old. I study in… Primary School， and I‘m in Class 5， Grade 6.

我十一岁了。我在……小学学习，我在6年级5班。

There‘re three people in my family， they‘re … my mother is a (职业)… my father is a (职业)…I do love my happy warm family!

我的家庭有三个人，他们是我的妈妈是一个……(职业)……我的父亲是一个(职业)……我爱我幸福温暖的家庭!

In addition， I‘m sunny boy with lots of hobbies， for instance， stamp-collecting， swimming， reading， etc. But I prefer … because…and I have learned since I was … years old.

此外，我是一个阳光男孩有很多爱好，比如，集邮，游泳，看书，等。但我更喜欢……因为……从我……岁我已经学会了……。

Soon I will graduate from primary school， and I sincerely hope that I can continue to study at this school.

我很快就要小学毕业了，我希望我可以继续在这所学校学习。

Thanks for your attention!

感谢您的关注!

毕业论文格式标准范文：基于关联理论的英语广告语的翻译策略分析

摘要：随着商业贸易和经济全球化的发展，广告翻译在国际交流中的重要作用日益凸显。作为翻译学中的一个分支，广告翻译有着它内在的规律，需要对它进行系统研究。论文试运用关联理论来分析英语广告语的翻译，目的是探索英语广告语翻译的实质，并且试图构建基于关联理论的翻译模式，来指导译者进行英语广告语汉译时灵活地选择翻译策略。

经过研究，本文认为英语广告语的汉译实质是语际间对广告语原文的明示推理阐释的过程，译者在广告语翻译中具有极其重要的作用，在翻译过程中负责两个推理过程:首先在原文语境中对广告主的交际意图进行推理并做出正确的理解;其次是通过对目的语读者的认知环境进行推理，而后将广告语原文转化为目的语文本。最后，本文提出了基于关联理论的翻译模式，将认知语境置于中心位置，指出译者在该模式指导下可以灵活地选择直译、意译或改译等翻译策略。

关键词：英语广告;广告翻译;关联理论;认知语境

引言

经济全球化的发展使得广告的作用日益显现，各企业必须依靠广告才能把他们的产品打入国际市场，因此广告翻译的作用也不言而喻。英语作为国际通行的主要语言，英语广告语的翻译显得更为重要。

翻译是一件复杂而有趣的工作，理查德说过：翻译或许是宇宙历史上最复杂的事情。①而广告语的翻译作为翻译学的一个分支，也是一件极其复杂的工作，并且有广告语的翻译也不同于其他文本的翻译。彼特纽马克认为英语广告语属于呼唤性文本的范畴，具有不同于其他文本的文体特征和文本功能(newmark,)。②叶长缨认为广告语具有不同的形式和功能，因此其翻译过程也是不同的。③它们不仅要求达到吸引读者的目的，而且还要激励和促使他们去购买商品。从这种意义上说，进行英语广告语翻译的深入研究是及时和必要的。国内外许多学者对英语广告语的翻译进行了大量的研究而且取得了一些成就。

中国的传统翻译强调基于严复“信达雅”和鲁迅的“宁信而不顺”理论的“信”，这些理论对于翻译有一定的指导作用，但它们主要适用于非文学作品的翻译，对于英语广告语的翻译并不适用。卡特福德的“文本对等”和奈达的“动态对等”理论对于指导翻译并未取得理想效果。另外，功能主义者所倡导的方法也未能对译者在翻译过程中的创造性翻译给出合理的解释。

上述学者的研究主要侧重于英语广告语翻译的策略和理论研究，很少有人关注英语广告语翻译的本质和过程。尽管有很多理论和技巧来技巧来指导广告语的翻译，但是这些理论和技巧并不完全适合于英语广告语的翻译。于是，探讨英语广告语的汉译是一项紧迫的任务。

因此需要一个更确切的理论来指导广告语的翻译。由斯波尔和威尔逊提出的“关联理论”顺应了这一要求。本文尝试以关联理论为指导来探讨英语广告语的翻译，试图发现英语广告翻译的实质，并且试图构建基于关联理论的翻译模式，来指导译者进行英语广告汉译时灵活地选择翻译策略。

广告及广告语

广告,简言之即是广而告之。一般可分为商业、社会和公共三类。我国《广告法》中指出广告是指商品经营者或服务提供者承担费用,通过一定媒介或形式直接或间接地介绍自己所推销的商品或所提供的服务的商业广告(commercial advertising)。④

广告语(slogans)也叫广告标语,广告口号等。它是为了加强消费者对企业,产品或服务的印象而在广告中唱起,反复使用的简洁,口号性的语句。它只在广大消费者中建立一种思想观念,引导和指引消费,同时它也是公司发展的号角。⑤

在国际市场中，广告语有着极其重要的作用。作为一种要被广泛使用,认同的语言表达方式,广告语与语用学(pragmatics)的关系显然是密不可分的,因为语用学是“study of language in use and linguistic communication”(胡壮麟,1988)。⑥换言之,在特定情景中的特定话语(何自然, 1988),⑦尤其是指在不同的语言交际环境下如何理解及使用语言。关联理论作为语用含义的内容之一,既可以很好地解释这种交际中的各种问题,又可以促使交际中隐含信息的成功传递。

关联理论与翻译

关联理论认为语言交际是一个认知过程，这个过程是靠明示推理来进行的，并受关联原则的支配。在交际每个交际行为都传递有最佳关联的假设，即说话者总是通过话语提供具有最佳关联的假设，话语理解则是一个通过处理话语找出最佳关联解释的推理过程。⑧

gutt发展了关联理论并将应用于翻译。gutt认为，翻译本质上是一种交际过程，这种交际涉及到原语交际者的意图和目的语读者的期望值。翻译的终极目标是译文与原文本的相关性。相关的原则是最大可能地使原语中交际者的意图与目的语的读者的期望值相匹配。⑨

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第一次来到翻译是面试，试译不能查手机，加上对自己的能力不够自信，心里满是紧张忐忑不安的念头。但是还记得应该是李培姐端来一杯水，不但缓解了我远途而来的干渴，更让我充分有了被尊重的感觉，让我觉得这所公司与别的公司不一样，于细节处见人文关怀。在这里，是同伴间的真诚相待、是团队各司其职尽职尽责、也是员工生日时上的汉堡薯条小龙虾串串香，让我觉得自己十分幸运，也认为自己眼光不错，选择了翻译。

在学校的时候，英汉互译做过一些练习，老师布置的，自己找的，但是所关注的领域和工作中所遇到的全然不同。学习中，老师想的更多是提高学生们的语言水平和翻译技巧，工作中面临的问题绝不仅仅囿于翻译本身，更多的是对综合能力的考察，细心、效率、格式、计算机操作、排版等。

一开始要做各种证件，真的像是打开了新天地的大门。做证件，能翻译姓名性别等信息只是起步，重要的是在信息准确无误的前提下保证排版简洁明了，尽量与原件看齐，这种任务对于我来说是从未体验过的。慢慢地，才发现表格的强大功能，才舍得抛弃惯用的文本框，才发现准确无误地复刻一组数据不是随随便便就能做到的，精神高度集中才不容易出错，做完后更不能就扔到一边，仔细检查才能发现此前忽略的问题。

此外，Trados的大名早有耳闻，自己也曾尝试下载过，为此电脑还安装了一堆莫名其妙的软件，但由于缺乏语料库，后来就作罢了。在这里幸得农老师悉心教导，学会了用Trados来处理银行流水等重复性较高的文件。自己本身就很喜欢学习操作各种软件，在使用Trados过程中，直观地感觉到翻译软件的神奇之处，人工处理流水效率低下，计算机辅助翻译大大地解放了人工且提高了工作效率。机翻取代人工翻译的言论甚嚣尘上，然而翻译软件同人工翻译并不是两个互不融合的对立面，二者的关系并非要谁取代谁，而是要互帮互助。人之所以长于其他生灵，就是因为能较好地利用工具。译员能够长于其他人除了较高翻译水平外应该也是因为译员能够比他人更熟练地操纵翻译工具。前面也曾说过，翻译任务其实不仅仅是翻译本身的行为，其背后的文化因素、审美因素都使得机器翻译不可能单独承载翻译任务。

除了翻译证件和银行流水，有时还会翻译各种证明以及论文。各领域的文件让我感到专业课老师挂在嘴边的那句“Know something about everything”绝非空谈。加强自身的储备，对各种事物保持旺盛的好奇心才能够走得更远。

翻译过程中要对文件中不熟悉的词汇要进行查证，要对模糊的印章证件进行考证，这个过程有时很快就能完成，有时却抓耳挠腮也找不到合适的信息，搜商对于译员来说是一项必备基本素质，如何能快速有效地搜集到想要的信息并对信息进行有效甄别是一项永远都需要学习研究的课题。听了很多前辈的事迹，尤其是于大神与在线医生交流的故事，让我觉得自己在这方面做的很是不足。其一就是整理机打数字时，如果首位数字距离前面的文字距离较近或有重叠部分时，容易漏看第一位数字;其二是对于连笔字体辨别能力不强，此前没有练过连笔字体，所以对连笔字的识别能力亟待提高。

每一件任务都是考验任务接受者的个人素质，仅凭翻译水平绝不能决定任务完成水平。就像李培姐谆谆教诲，工作任务就像木桶，你的粗心就是你的短板，无论翻译水平多高，你的总体水平总是局限在那块板子上。建议非常实际诚恳，我很幸运能收到这样的建议。

翻译的各种文件中，出现了不同的问题。

数字是错误之首，重中之重。数字从来没有像现在这样禁锢住我，以前数学学习上会有不仔细，但问题从未像现在这样大规模地密集地爆发出来。做文件时，各类证件号码安安然躺在冒号后面，似在嘲讽我的没用，在翻译文件时冷不丁伸一脚出来，让我栽一个甚至是数个跟头，甚至栽得鼻青脸肿还在栽。我心底里感谢我的老板同事，因为在我栽跟头时，他们会告诉我怎样去避免栽跟头，他们始终对我抱有期望没有直接放弃我。今后在处理数字问题时，要做到首先做文件时全神贯注专心致志，争取第一遍不要出错，其次要加强检查，检查中着重看数字的对错，每一处都要一一对应。

中英标点问题说实话工作以前从来没有人对我强调过，如果不是从事与文字相关的工作的人，估计很难注意到这二者的区别。但是对这小小标点的执著，正体现了公司的专业精神以及职业素养，是对文字的负责、对客户的负责、也是对自己的负责。得益于在公司中英文标点的训练，在撰写毕业论文时对标点多检查了几遍，导师还有说我论文里中英标点几乎没有什么问题，不像其他同学那样泛滥。在中英文字都存在的文件中，除了翻译文件时要留意标点问题，翻译后对标点进行统一替换有时也可以检查出难以发现的问题。

译文要保持前后一致这点对于译文质量来说也非常重要。就像老板说的：“错也要错的一样，这样有利于你整体改正。”尤其是采用术语的情况下，更不可以只顾自己的翻译习惯，要联系模板或是先前的文件内容，对同一名词(包括但不局限于专有名词)的译法在一批文件里要统一。

进入公司一心想要为公司创造价值不成，却发现自己的错误有可能会给公司造成损失，给他人造成麻烦。别人的时间也是时间，即便是一个错误也会造成不必要的时间、经济和名誉上的浪费损失。这样的译员绝不是一个成熟的专业的译员。翻译能力要提高，工作素养也要提高，想做一个敬业的译员不可以舍弃其中的任何一个。

短时间内没能好好检查文件必然导致后续的时间成本流失，错误的改正是需要时间的。一次性完成既避免了不必要的麻烦，也省去了之后与客户沟通修改的时间。优秀的侦探小说家智商总要比笔下的侦探人物智商要高，译员永远不知道客户能有多仔细认真，所以译员能做的就是在做文件时要比客户更要认真仔细。虽然话说起来容易做起来难，但仍要不断向这个目标努力靠近，改正自己的性格中的缺陷。

错误是我的一个较为失败的开局，但不能让它成为我的影子。即便粗心现在化作标签，也不能让它长久地在我额头上粘下去。问题暴露出来，就要解决问题，迎头而上才不会一辈子都处在问题的阴影之下。以后要多做这一类型的文件，补齐自己的短板，数字暂时处理不好，就多向李培姐索要有关数字的任务;对户口本有心理阴影，就多翻译校对户口本，向农老师学习，多查多看多总结。

过去一个多月里无疑是我一生中最重要的时间段，从学校大门走出来面临着地点与身份的转变，门前门后是不同的世界，很开心能走到翻译的门前。

Good morning! My name is libinbin. I’m a quite girl. I’m 8. I’m in class2, grade3 of taishan school.

I’m good at reading and writing. And I like English very much. All of my classmates like to play with me. So I’m a happy girl now!

That’s all. Thank you!

英语自我介绍范文带翻译：

I am very happy to introduce myself here。I was born in Liaoning Province。I graduated from Nankai University and majored in International Trade。 I like music and reaing books，especially economical books。 It is my honor to apply this job。 I hope I can realise my dream in our pany。Please give me a chance。Thank you very much

it is my great pleasure to introduce myself。i was born in LIAONING。 My major is international trade。 I was graduated in Nankai University。 My hobby lies in the music and reading， especially like economics。

i am glad that i can take part in this interview and i am sincerely hope that i can join this pany to realize my dream。 please give my a chance。 Thank you。

很高兴做自我介绍，我出生在辽宁，专业是国际贸易，毕业于南开大学，我的兴趣是音乐，读书，尤其是经济类的书。

很荣幸应聘贵公司，期望能在贵公司实现我的梦想，期望能给我一次机会，多谢。

Dear Mr.,

Im sorry to tell you that I caught a cold and Im not feeling well now.I am adviced to stay in bed for two days and cant go to school then.But I think Ill get well soon and be back the day after tomorrow.

Yours sincerely,

Beijing, the ancient capital of Six Dynasties in China, has a long historyand a relatively complete architectural pattern. Beijing, the capital of thepeoples Republic of China, is the center of Chinas politics, culture andinternational exchanges. Therefore, Beijing has a rich and colorful ancient andmodern cultural landscape and profound cultural heritage.

Beijing covers an area of 16807.8 square kilometers, with Jundu mountain inthe north and Xishan Mountain in the West. Dongling Mountain at the junction ofHebei Province is 2303 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Beijing.There are Miyun reservoir, Huairou reservoir and Ming Tombs Reservoir in theterritory; there are five other rivers, namely Chaobai River, Beiyunhe River,Yongding River, Juma River and Tanghe River.

Beijings climate is temperate continental monsoon climate with distinctseasons: a little sandstorm in spring and low temperature. Summer is hot withshowers. In autumn, the weather is sunny, mild and crisp, which is the goldenseason for tourism; but in late autumn, it is cooler in the morning and evening,and hot at noon. In winter, the climate is dry and cold with less snow.

When you come to Beijing for sightseeing, you cant miss the snacks withBeijing characteristics and the famous food with a long history. Famous dishesinclude Beijing roast duck, instant boiled mutton and court dishes.

Beijings specialties are: Wang Mazi scissors, Angong Niuhuang Pill, Qiulipaste, preserved fruit, Poria cocos cake, Liubiju pickles. Local products are:Jingbai pear, Gaishi, Liangxiang chestnut, hawthorn, walnut, Miyun jujube,apricot.

北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。

北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。

北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。

来北京观光旅游不能错过具有北京特色的风味小吃和悠久历史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鸭、涮羊肉、宫廷菜。

北京的特产有:王麻子刀剪、安宫牛黄丸、秋梨膏、果脯蜜饯、茯苓夹饼、六必居酱菜。土产有:京白梨、盖柿、良乡板栗、山楂、核桃、密云小枣、杏。

各位评委各位同学大家晚上好!

首先做一下简单的自我介绍，我叫~~-~，来自信电~~班，(举例名字叫杨少峰，胡杨树的杨，代表我有胡杨树一样坚韧的品格，少年的少，代表我身上充满的少年的阳刚之气和活力，山峰的峰代表我渴望登上成功的顶峰)，我的直觉告诉我，像我这样的名字在不久的将来可能会出现在福布斯排行榜上。我平时比较喜欢打篮球我的人生格言：激-情成就梦想

我的创业口号是:employ yourself, enlighten your life——激-情创业，点燃梦想!

今天我演讲的题目是《激-情创业，点燃梦想》

我很佩服三种人，第一种是不甘平庸，不沉于安逸，一心想做出一番大事业并且不断为之而奋斗的人，如果你是这种人请举起一下手，我佩服的第二种人就是有激-情，有毅力无论遇到什么样的事都不会轻易放弃的人，我佩服的第三种人，就是有自信自己可以为自己鼓掌的人，如果您是这样的人，请为自己鼓一下掌。

好了，也许这三种人你都是，那么恭喜你，因为你一定可以成为一个成功的创业者

许多人都在问为什么工作这么难找?为什么现在大学毕业生就业如此困难?那么我可以告诉是因为中国缺少老板! 因为中国大学生中缺少创业者!因为中国大学生缺少创业的熏陶! 因为我们都想着努力去找工作而很少有人想着努力去为别人创造工作! 如果我们大学生都

只想着毕业以后努力去找工作而都不愿意去为别人创造工作，那又哪里来的那么的岗位呢?

也许将来的你找到一个好的工作，为了结婚你借款买了房，从此便开始了漫长的还贷人生。当机会来敲门时，也许你不在家，于是机会走了：也许你在家，但是一套沉重的房子压得你喘不过气来，结果机会还是走了.一套房子消灭一个梦想 ，这不是我想要的生活，我相信这也不是你们想要的生活。

俞敏洪曾经说过一个年轻人在三年之内没有想法，那么他这一辈子也就是这样子。的确对于有些人来说三年真的很快，但是对于一个创业者来说，在三年的光阴中，你会有巅峰和谷底，你会品尝到更多的酸甜苦辣，你的生命会更加有意义机会是自己创造的，成功总是属于那么一小撮人，为了成为这一小撮人，投身创业，开拓人生，让自己成为这一小撮人中的一分子。

要创业总得有个目标吧，下面简单介绍一下我的创业梦想。

当今世界能源十分紧缺，而我国的能源形势更是不容乐观，因此开发可再生性能源是一个很好的项目。可再生性能源开发与销售公司，这也是我的初步梦想，作为信电学院的一名学生我人为自己的创业方向还是比较符合自己的专业，我真的希望将来能有一天，信电的孩子们可以走进我的公司信电的孩子们不用再为了找工作而发愁。

1、政策支持，学校鼓励。近几年，国家实行了创新工程，进行了体制创新和技术创新。教育部门出台了政策和措施，支持和鼓励在校大学生休学励志创业，欢迎出国留学生回国励志创业。从去年起，高考也放宽了入学年龄和婚否的限制，许多大学也陆续实行了学分制，一些高校相继开展大学生励志创业活动，具备励志创业计划大赛，这些举措都为大学生投身励志创业创造了前所未有的有利条件。

2、知识密集，技术先进。大学生群体励志创业者文化程度高，所学专业技术与励志创业紧密结合，能够学以致用，在技术创新上独树一帜。被媒体称为“中国励志创业第一人”的杨锦方是第一个将励志创业计划大赛引入清华圆、引入中国的人，他注册和创办了“视美乐”公司用所学的计算机知识，为公司发展做出了贡献。

3、社会实践、奠定基础。很多大学生参加勤工俭学、到高新技术企业实习或打工活动，在实践中积累了初步经验，为大学生励志创业奠定了良好的基础。各高校经常举办的励志创业计划大赛、课外科技发明大赛等为大学生励志创业活动的开展注入了生机和活力。

性格开朗，工作认真负责，细心，有很强的责任心和进取心,头脑灵活，不怕吃苦，接受能力强，能够很好的处理同事的关系，具有强烈的团队合作精神，并能承担一定的工作压力。

Cheerful, serious and responsible, careful, have a strong sense of responsibility and initiative, a quick mind, not afraid of hardship, and ability to accept, able to handle the relationship between colleagues, with a strong team spirit, and to assume certain working pressure