故宫故宫导游词(汇总20篇)

亲爱的旅客朋友们，你们好！我是这次旅程的导游，我姓张，你们可以叫我张导，今天我们要去的地方是北京故宫。

现在我们在的位置是在故宫的门口，故宫位于北京市中心，也称‘紫禁城’。这里曾居住过二十四个皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，现为‘故宫博物院’。

现在请大家顺着我的右手往这边走，这里是故宫的宫殿建筑。你们知道吗？故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大的。最完整的古建筑群，总面积达九万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，被称为‘殿宇之海’。

这建筑群气魄宏伟，富丽堂皇，极为壮观，无论是平面布局还是立体效果，都是无与伦比的。现在大家可以在这里休息一下，拍下照片，过个30分钟再走。

好了，大家跟着我继续向前走。故宫由一条中轴贯通南北，这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿。后三宫。御花园都位于这条中轴线上，现在我们所在的位置是故宫的角楼，角楼建造精巧美观。角楼周围环绕着高10米，长3400米的宫墙，墙外有52米宽的护城河。大家仔细地看看。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作！

我常在梦中瞥见那群迷雾中的宫殿——红墙耸峙，飞楷泣雨，庭院深深，雾锁重门.着实，那只是头脑的碎片在梦中缥缈而过留下的影子罢了.越是云云，越让我憧憬那梦中楼台.

立秋事后，一个朝晨，我确乎又梦见那座弃宫—沈阳故宫，蓦然醒来，耳边回荡着它的呼叫，我好像想起了什么，又好像忘却了什么，跑下楼去，很快来到它的身边.跨进高高的大清门，便来到另一个天下.沈阳故宫主轴第一殿是崇政殿，这里是400多年前清帝人关前上朝理政的处所.沿着青石路绕已往，就来到崔见的风凰楼前，它和清宁官、四妃寝宫一并落在4米高的高台上，附近红堵相围.风凰楼是昔时盛京最高的构筑，飞檐间挂着未逝的晓月，其下的横匾上是200多年前乾隆东巡时的御笔亲题:“紫气东来.”此刻，当代文明的履痕正摧毁着汗青的残骸，凤凰楼也因此成为禁步之处，不能登临.看不到凤凰晓月，其实痛惜，只好凭栏凝娣.旧日珠帘罗幕、献筹交织已惨淡，玉楼笙歌也早已声断，大概尘封的窗里，一卷史书的残页正在晨风中哆嗦.

看过殿楼的巍峨，又感想后宫的平安.衍庆宫的案几上放着古琴，好像淑妃弄弦的韵律还历历可闻.庄妃宫罗慢里挂着小小的摇篮，大概那儿就是清世祖降生之地.

下了凤凰楼台基，踏着青石铺就的小径，我的情慷又完全溶入后苑的器量.曲径通幽处，寥寂梧桐低低地映在莲花池中，花落时节，鸟鸣院更幽;四序递嫂，青石板的裂隙中青草丛生，湮没了古道.

向东走，到了东院.远眺望去，大政殿好像近在面前，可盘龙飞檐，金奕宝座却又像影子似的含糊.沿着正中的御道，我朝着大政殿蹈蹈独行，脚下每一块青石板似乎都深刻着它们漫长的光阴，密密匝匝地写着它们无字的诗文和感民气弦的故事. 昨夜风疏雨骤，留下一片淋漓，尽量太阳的光热会把这些水雾蒸腾，尔后再化作甘霖润泽着脚下这片土地，把四个多世纪前如梦如烟的旧事渗人大地更深一层，然而我将同样看到这残断的影象，感觉着汗青的沉淀.

此日夜里，我又梦见迷雾中的宫殿，依然的红墙耸峙，飞格泣雨，依然的庭院深深，雾锁重门，依然的肃静而不行触及——大概，这即是它的永恒

Dear visitors:

Hello everyone! Im your guide. My name is Xu Ying, and Ill call me a little bit. Now I will lead you to visit the Imperial Palace and appreciate the cultural heritage of our country.

The Imperial Palace is the imperial palace of two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasty in China, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient building group in existence. So we should not throw rubbish or touch things when we visit, so that we can enjoy the the Imperial Palace with a historic atmosphere. (reminding the places that visitors should pay attention to)

Entering the gate of the temple of Taihe, it is a magnificent palace that shows in front of you. The largest wooden building in front of the building, it is very striking, that is the temple of Taihe. It is the symbol of the imperial power, and whenever there is a great event, the emperor holds it here. Behind a row of beautiful decoration embarrassing palace and temple, there are. (in accordance with the order of sightseeing)

After swimming the splendid hall of Taihe, we can walk north, and we can feel the breath of life here. All the living things here are first class at that time, and the outdoors in the back of the palace are the Imperial Garden. Its pattern and layout are compact, antique and ornament with flowers and trees. The pavilions, terraces and open halls. It is a good place to be elegant and enjoyable. All along, the east of the Imperial Palace towers and other three towers from afar. Their peculiar shape, and form a perfect exquisite beyond compare, pictures of the surrounding environment.

How many working peoples sweaty and wisdom has been condensed by this magnificent project! In fact, the Imperial Palace was successful in December 1987, and since then it has become a tourist attraction of cultural heritage.

This is the end of this journey, and I wish you all a good time. Thank you

亲爱的游客朋友：

今天，由我带领大家来游览故宫。

故宫位于北京市中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的142019年至1420年。北京故宫为世界五大宫殿之首，其它四殿分别是法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫和美国白宫。 故宫南北长961米，东西宽753米，面积约为725，000平方米。建筑面积15。5万平方米。故宫够大吧!

相传故宫有9999。5间房，有人做过形象比喻：如果有人从刚出生就开始住，要住到27岁才可以住完。实际据1973专家现场测量故宫的房间有8704间。

故宫有四个门，正门名为午门。午门有五个洞。其平面为凹形，宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼，角楼高27。5米，十字屋脊，三重檐迭出，四面亮山，多角交错，是结构奇丽的建筑。

后门“神武门”，明朝时为“玄武门”，玄武为古代四神兽之一，从方位上讲，左青龙，右白虎，前朱雀，后玄武，玄武主北方，所以帝王宫殿的北宫门多取名“玄武”。清康熙年间因避讳改称“神武门”。神武门也是一座城门楼形式，用的最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶，但它的大殿只有五开间加围廊，没有左右向前伸展的两翼，所以在形制上要比午门低一个等级。神武门是宫内日常出入的门禁。现神武门为故宫博物院正门。

东华门与西华门遥相对应，门外设有下马碑石，门内金水河南北流向，上架石桥1座，桥北为三座门。东华门与西华门形制相同，平面矩形，红色城台，白玉须弥座，当中辟3座券门，券洞外方内圆。城台上建有城楼，黄琉璃瓦重檐庑殿顶，城楼面阔5间，进深3间，四周出廊。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

好了，大家可以自由活动了，游玩时注意安全，注意保持景点卫生，祝大家玩得愉快。

各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游，希望大家通过我的介绍，对北京故宫留下美好的印象，谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心，又称“紫禁城”，这里曾居住过24位皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积在12万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门，宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙，墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，也称“金銮殿”。是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，御座设在殿内高2米的台上，后面有精雕细刻的围屏，整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束，美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临，谢谢!

各位朋友，先自我介绍一下……。今日我将带大家参观故宫博物院，此刻我先为大家作个简单介绍。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模、建筑雄伟、保存完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国礼貌无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

故宫座北朝南，开有四条门。各位朋友，那里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上头看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。

各位朋友，此刻我们已经进入故宫。那里是故宫进院落，首先出此刻我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集完美的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，那里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

好，下头请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。此刻我们来到了故宫中重要的院落--太和殿及其广场，那里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。好!那里能够拍下远处太和殿的全景，各位能够在此留个影，过一会儿，我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。

各位朋友，我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别的建筑，仅有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。之后，该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间，进深5间，规模为紫禁城内大殿之。装饰用的彩绘为等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前的，总之处处显示，那是皇帝认为“老子天下”思想的体现。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下头，请大家跟我来一齐参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。

各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场，自乾隆皇帝以后，那里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束，此刻请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息，我们10分钟后集合，多谢大家!

各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。此刻，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即“后寝”。

各位朋友，此刻我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到那里，此刻请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是期望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，此刻我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，那里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家能够在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

好啦，各位朋友，故宫中路的讲解到此结束。

各位朋友：

今天我们将要游览的是一处独具特色的旅游景点，它位于北京城的中心，殿宇千门万户，楼阁巍峨庄严，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌，素有金色的宫殿之海的美称。您一定猜到了，这就是驰名中外的故宫博物院。

故宫是明、清两面三刀代的皇宫，在这里有明清两代24个帝王登基坐殿，统治中国长达500多年。故宫含金量颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在北京城的中心，是全城风景最美的一处景观。故宫的西北面有湖光塔景的北海公园;西面是碧波粼粼的中南海;东面有著名的商业街王府井;北面的景山为故宫的屏障。站在景山万春亭上，可以俯瞰故宫的全貌。故宫南面是特殊意义的国门，即天安门广场，它是新中国的象征，第一面五星红旗在此冉冉升起。

故宫是世界著名的旅游景观，被世界教科文组织列为世界文化遗产，它闪烁着东方文明的光辉。

故宫南北长960米，东西宽750米，面积木2万平方米，其中建筑面积15万平方米，有房屋9000余间。很多人都听说故宫有房9999间半的传说，这是因为按《易经〉中讲九是阳极之数，发九为尊，故宫是皇帝的住处自然要作到头了。故宫四周有高10米的城墙。城有四门，南面是正门午门，北为神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。四角各有一座结构精巧别致的被称作“九梁十八柱七十二条脊“的角楼。城外有长3800米，宽52米的护城河，使故宫自成防御体系，有城中之城的美称。而其护城河长度，也已列入世界之最。

故宫从明代开始作为统治中心，但它的初建者却不是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋而是他的四儿子明成祖朱棣。故宫建在北京城南起永定门北至鼓楼长16华里的中轴线上，南北为主，左右对称，建造中遵循《周礼。考工记》中“前朝后室，左祖右社”的建造原则。故宫在建造手法上突出皇权，其基本做法是突出以前三殿和后三宫为主的中轴线，其他建筑拱卫中央。故宫的建造可以说是集全国的人力物力，木材砖瓦取自全国各地，耗费极其巨大。宫殿内墁地的砖被称作“金砖”，制作工艺极为复杂，从取土到成泥要6道工序，到成砖则需17道工序，最后还要把砖放到桐油里浸泡处理。这种砖铺在地上越磨越亮，由于制作复杂，价格昂贵，在当时一砖合一石米。年以有“金砖”之称。可以说故宫每座宫殿都浸透着人民的血汗它集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，充分反映了我国劳动人民的高度智慧和创造才能。故宫是我国保存到现在最完整，最辉煌的一组皇家建筑群，而今成为著名的旅游景点。

现在展现在我们眼前的这座红墙黄瓦，飞檐宏丽的建筑就是故宫的正门——午门。它平面呈“凹“形，上有崇楼五座，正楼是9开间的重檐庑殿顶大殿，东西是四座重檐四角攒尖顶方形亭楼，各以廊庑相连，辅翼正楼。整个建筑气势巍峨，充分体现了皇帝的威严。午门全部建筑，高下错落，左右映对，势若朱鸟展翅，翱翔天空，故又常被人称作五凤楼。正楼设有宝座，左右设有钟鼓楼，过去皇帝在太和殿举行大典时，钟鼓齐鸣，肃穆森严。

一提起午门，常令人想起“推出午门斩首示众”这句话。其实午门前并未斩过人。因为明朝行刑在西市9今西四)，清代在菜市口，但在这里却打死过人。明代有一种罚刑——廷杖，就在午门下举行。如果大臣触怒皇帝就要被批“逆鳞”。被子批“逆鳞”的大臣被子打掉乌纱帽穿上囚衣推出午门，行刑就在这御路东侧。起初只是象征性的打，主要在于对大臣的羞辱，但到后来则打人至死。正德十四年正德皇帝朱厚照要到江南选美，群臣阻谏。荒淫无度的正德皇帝不但不听，还将舒芬，黄巩等130位大臣廷仗，打死11人。这听起来确实非常残忍，不过要到传统佳节元宵节，这晨却是另一番景象，悬灯结彩赐宴百官，喜气洋洋。

进入午门就开始了宫内的游览，您看前面的河叫金水河，上面五座汉白玉石桥叫内金水桥。五座桥各有用处：正中的叫御路桥，供皇帝走，望宗室亲王走;再外面是品级桥，供文武大臣走。引金水河流过这里，除美观外还有防火作用。一方面故宫内多是木建筑，一旦失火可以用河水扑救;另一方面与我国的五行说相关，南方属火故以水克之，这种例子很多，讲解中将随时介绍给大家。由此可见，故宫不仅是集建筑艺术之大成，也是集中国传统文化之大成。前面这座门叫太和门，门前这对铜狮您能猜出雌雄吗?您猜得不错，东面的是雄狮，前脚踩一绣球，象征权力也象征统一寰宇;西面是雌狮，前脚抚弄一小乳狮，象征子嗣昌盛。门旁所立的图是故宫平面图。大家请看，故宫是由前朝和内廷两部分组成的，前朝以三大殿为主，是皇帝发布政令和举行大典的地方。三大殿后是内廷，有乾清宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，御花园及东西六宫等，这里是皇帝处理政务，居住享乐的地方。现在故宫的陈列体系分宫廷历史遗迹陈列，东六宫，外东路及三大殿两庑等为古代文化艺术陈列。在故宫这座艺术宝库中收藏有近百万件珍贵文物，占全国700座博物馆藏品总数的六分之一，成为驰名中外的最大的博物馆。这里闪烁着中华民族5000年文化艺术的光辉。昔日的皇宫禁地今天成为人们参观游览的旅游名胜。

现在展现在我们面前的就是规模宏大，气宇轩昂的三大殿。大殿坐落在三层汉白玉石台基上。中国建筑主体是木结构，受材料限制，本身不可能很高，聪明的古代人民采用高大的石台基将大殿托起以增强气势。大家还注意到如此大的广场前没有一棵树，其原因也是为烘托三大殿的高大，故意制造一开阔的空间;另一个原因就是五行相克的体现，金木水土火五行学说中，土居中，树为木，而木克土，如果种树恐怕不利于中央统治。古人在建造故宫时可谓用心良苦。殿前三层汉白玉台阶上有铜鼎18个。露台上分列两旁的铜龟铜鹤寓意龟鹤延年。东面的日晷是古代的计时器，西面的嘉量是中国古代的标准量器，放在这里象征皇帝公正平允。殿前左右各有一对镏金铜缸，是清乾隆年间铸造成的，每缸重约2吨，也称门海，放在这里用于防火，取意缸置于土上，土生金，缸中贮水，金生水，而以水克火。正中的大殿是太和殿，就是人们常说的金銮宝殿。明朝叫奉天殿，皇极殿，清顺治二年改叫太和殿。大殿面宽11间约64米，进深5间约38米，高26。92米，加上台基高度，通高35。03米，大殿面积2377平方米，是我国现存最大的木结构建筑物。殿内宝座四周的6根大柱为蟠龙金漆大柱，金光灿灿，因为这里是宫内最神圣的地方，所以殿顶，彩绘等都采用官式建筑中最高等级。殿内金漆大柱当中就是皇帝的宝座。设在地平床上。宝座左右有对称的形容词象，仙鹤，香筒等陈设，这些都是铜胎嵌丝珐琅制品。座旁有孔雀做的扇。各位抬头请看，宝座上方是金漆蟠龙藻井，藻井为覆斗式，井中有盘龙，龙头下的圆球叫轩辕镜。相传轩辕镜为轩辕氏黄帝所造，将它悬于宝座上象征江山正统，但现在宝座与轩辕镜并不上下相对，据说是复辟皇帝袁世凯登上宝座，抬头见轩辕镜悬在头顶，怕球掉下来将他砸死，于是将宝座后移。轩辕镜下紫宸台上就是楠木金漆雕龙宝座，它是皇权的象征。太和殿内外装饰壮丽豪华，但皇帝并不是天天在这里，只有元旦，冬至，万寿节(皇帝生日)及重大庆典如册立皇后，派大将出征等日子，才来此登临宝座以示尊严。

转过太和殿，眼前这座单檐四角攒尖镏金宝顶的方形殿宇叫中和殿，明朝叫华盖殿，中极殿，顺治二年改名中和殿。大殿深广均为5间，长宽均为24。15米。皇帝到太和殿举行大典前，先在此小憩，接受内阁大臣等官员朝拜，然后再去太和殿。皇帝到天，地，日，月坛，祭祀的前一天要来此看祭文，到农家坛亲耕要先来此阅视种子，农具。清朝皇帝每10年修一次玉牒，要在此举行隆重的仪式，殿内陈列着乾隆年间的两顶肩舆，就是轿，也就是人们俗称的八抬大轿。中和殿后是保各殿，面宽9间，进兴5间。它的功用有很多，其中最值得一提的是就是殿试。这是封建科举制度中最高一级考试。被录取的进进士，前三名称鼎甲三元即状元，榜眼，探花，其他称“进士出身”或“同进士出身”能参加殿试是很不容易的，要经过童试，乡试，会试三级考试录取后才是殿试。如果一个文人在各级考试中都是第一名叫连中三元，那是很了不起的事情。我国自随代开始的科举制度一直延续到本世纪，最后一次科举在1904年就是光绪三十年举行，最后一们状元叫刘春霖，自称是第一人中的最后一人。保和殿后位于丹陛御路上的大云龙石雕，是故宫内乃至全国最大的一块石雕塑，长16。57米，宽3。07米，厚1。7米。重约250吨。产自北京郊区房山。如此大的石板在当时没有现代机械设备情况下运输极为困难，当时人们采用在路上泼水冻冰用滚木等方法进行运输。

现在我们所在的这个东西横向的广场叫乾清门广场，它是前朝与内廷的分界地带。内廷是皇帝的居住区，这座门叫乾清门，清康熙皇帝曾在此御门听政。乾清门内就是总称后三宫的乾清宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫。乾清，坤宁象征天地乾坤。乾清宫东西两面的日精门，月华门象征日月。围墙外东西六宫象征十二星辰。后面众多建筑象征众星。这些象征日月星辰的建筑均拱卫皇帝居住的象征天的乾清宫，以显示一辈子受命于天皇帝尊严。这后宫就是民间所说的三宫六院七十二妃三千佳丽所居住的皇宫内院，现面我们到里面细看。

乾清门内的这第一座大殿就是乾清宫，面宽9间，是皇帝的寝宫和日常活动的地方，一直到雍正皇帝以后才将寝宫移到养心殿。这儿是皇帝的寝宫，也是夺权斗争最激烈的地方，明代的壬寅宫变，红丸案，移宫案等宫闱大案都有发生在此。各位抬头请看宫内高悬的“正大光明”匾就是宫内斗争的产物。匾后是藏秘密立储匣的地方。有人说正大光明匾一点也不正大光明，就是因为雍正皇帝上台后有传闻，说他是串通隆科多等人篡改遗诏当皇帝的。此事真假不用深考，不过秘密立储确是由雍正朝开始。雍正上台后深感其父康熙皇帝在立储问题上几废几立，造成诸皇子明争暗斗朝臣互相倾轧，对中央统治不利，于是改为秘密方式立储。方法是事先写两份遗诏，一份带在身上，一份藏于“正大光明”匾后，皇帝晏驾后，将两份遗诏校对后再宣布继位者。乾隆等皇帝都是这样继位的。

乾清宫后是交泰国殿，它的形制与中和殿相同，这里是皇后在冬至，元旦，千秋节受贺的地方。现在这里存有玉玺25块，放置25块的寓意是从《周易》“天数二十有五”之说而来的，而且1。3。5。7。9这五个阳数之各也是25，殿内高悬的“无为”二是康熙亲笔所写，取意“无为而治”。殿内的内宫不可干政的铁牌也是康熙皇帝鉴于明亡的教训而立的，只可惜到清末依然出了安德海，李莲英等太监弄权误国。交泰殿后的坤宁宫原来是皇后的寝宫，后来皇帝移居养心殿，皇后移居体顺堂，这里成为祭神的地方。请大家到东面来，透过玻璃可以看到东暖阁内有龙凤喜床，床有有象征多子多福的百子帐，这里是皇帝大婚的洞房，一派喜气景象。

出坤宁宫我们现在来到御花园，这里是皇帝皇后休息游玩的地方。当中的大殿叫钦安殿，这是宫内惟一的道教建筑。道貌岸然家认为北方属水，所驼个殿内供的是道貌岸然教北方之神玄武大帝。这座御花园面积1。2万平方米，东西130米，南北90多米，以主建筑欠安殿为中心，左右对称，前后呼应，分布着10余座亭台楼阁曲池水榭。位于园子四角的象征春夏秋冬的万春亭，浮碧亭，千秋亭，澄瑞亭，同是亭子但形态各异还有收藏《四库全书荟要》的离藻堂，堆秀山上的御景亭等。其音点缀着苍松翠柏奇花异石，是皇家园林中的典范。规整中见变化：规整是指布局上四平八稳，变化指建筑风格变化多样，在一万多平方米范围内容纳十几种风格不同的建筑，各们倘佯其间才能细细品味。

我们现在走出的这座高大城门叫神武门，是故宫的后门，至此宫内的游览结束了，但是紫禁城的建筑并未结束，您看对面高43米的景山，它是紫禁城的屏障，与前面的金水河遥相呼应，构成中国建筑背山面水的传统格局，我们乘着游兴登上山项万春亭俯瞰故宫。看看这金碧辉煌的世界奇观。

各位游客们： 大家好!我叫张豪乾，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我张导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。 北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。

故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。

桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。

故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。 好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

各位游客大家好，

我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家4A级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢，我们一齐来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。

沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年。先后经过三次大规模建设，构成了东、中、西三路格局。东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期，主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期，主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢，建于清乾隆年间，主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋，它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢，沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应，却又有着截然不一样的建筑风格。此刻呢我们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。

首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门，它俗称午门，也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方，也是清太宗皇太极理解群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清，皇宫的正门就是国门，所以称为大清门。还有一个传说，这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称，只是叫做大门。之后，皇太极改国号为大清，听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门，于是为了体现针锋相对，就将此门命名为大清门。

我们穿过大清门，此刻正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。

我们能够看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦，有去过北京故宫的朋友必须会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的，而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。

我们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷，和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。我们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸，那么大家明白它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧，他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”，是皇宫中重要的防火设施，象征缸中水多似海，能够镇火灾。

我们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文，我们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍，两边都是刺，加上圈和点，就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左，汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左，满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。

我们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额，是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下方呢是皇帝的宝座，据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙，再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子，正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。此刻崇政殿呢，我们就游览到那里。

眼前的雄伟建筑呢，就是凤凰楼。它建在3。8米高的青砖台基上，为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢，是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅仅是当时后宫的正门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓日”之称，并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就能够看到抚顺城呢。

穿过凤凰楼呢我们来到了一处院落，此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。我们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。我们能够看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋，所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室，各有火炕又称龙床。1643年，皇太极就在那里‘端坐无疾而终’，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢，设有两口大锅，它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下，这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵，如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动，则表示神灵不满意，则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头，满族人认为此时的猪已经通神，成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净，切成大块，放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟，那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用，然后再分给参加祭祀的人们，称为“吃福肉”，满族人相信吃了福肉，福气就会降临到每个人的身上。

那么我们此刻来到西一侧的房间，西侧呢三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，称为“万字炕”，那里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处，也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。

清宁宫与汉族建筑不一样的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后，而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会我们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房，万字炕，烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。

我们出了清宁宫呢，大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是：关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们下方逐一参观。

关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女，永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁，但皇太极却对海兰珠有着很深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝，终日郁郁寡欢，在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年，皇太极也去世了，据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。

这是衍庆宫，是皇太极淑妃的寝宫，其女，被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻

这是麟趾宫，是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫，其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。

我们最之后看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响，庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃，被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女，关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能，辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年，庄妃病逝，享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。

大家看，在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆，木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问，为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时，曾绝望的躺在地上，这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地，认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的，就这样满族的祖先得救了。之后满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德，开始供奉乌鸦，祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。

此刻呢，我们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱，也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?……对一共有十一层，我告诉大家在十一层上方还有三块砖。那么这怎样讲哪?问大家一个小问题：清朝有多少位皇帝，又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。

好了，朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到那里，期望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。此刻大家能够自由活动30分钟，30分钟之后，我们在正门集合。

亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好。欢迎你们来故宫游玩。我叫李依璋，大家可以叫我李导或小李。今天由我带领大家一起探索世界遗产——故宫。

我们先来了解一下故宫吧！故宫位于北京中心，旧称紫禁城。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。

现在我们在故宫内庭最前面的是乾清宫。乾清宫是内庭正殿，高20米。殿的正中央是宝座，内有“正大光明”匾。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫，清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官史和召见臣下。

现在我们来到了坤宁宫，在故宫中间的是坤宁宫，雍正后，西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚洞房，康熙同治、光绪二帝，均在此举行婚礼。还有许多殿比如：东六宫、交泰殿、西六宫……

好啦，我的介绍就先到这里，请大家慢欣赏游玩。还有大家记住哦！在浏览时不乱扔垃圾，不触摸物品，不踩踏一草一木，这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。祝大家玩得开心，玩得尽兴。

Hello,everyone!Please allow me to express a warm welcome on behalf of Shenyang citizens.Im with great pleasure to be your tourist guide and from now on I will show you around Shenyang Imperial Palace,shere the founder of Qing Dynasty Nuerhachi and his son Huangtaiji lived.Shenyang Imperial Palace ,Fuling tomb and Zhaoling Tomb made in the early period of Qing Dynasty are the three famous historical sites in Shenyang .

Shenyang Imperial Palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of Nuerhachi and HuangTaiji. After them four emperors of Qing Dynasty had come back from Beijing to this palace for 10 times and enlarged its area and added its buildings.They were Emperor Kangxi,Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang.Therefore,until 1783 the palace was finally finished.

Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two royal palaces well kept in China.The other one is Forbidden City in Beijing.Shenyang Imperial Palace was entitled "Historic Culture Relics Preserved Buildings" in 1961 by the State Council.This palace is an emperor museum combining the architectual styles of the minorities of Man,Han and Mongolia.

This palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters,comprising over 20 courtyards,300 houses and 70 buildings.The whole construction is divided into three sections: the east, middle and west.

First lets pay a visit to the buildings in the buildings in the middle section.The layout of middle section is similar to a Chinese compound with three courtyards.The first courtyard is the office area.It starts from the Grand Qing Gate on the south and ends at Holy Administration Hall.From Phoenix Tower to Purity and Tranquility Hall is the residential area.They all lay out on the same line.

The main entrance to the palace is the Grand Qing Gate,also called Meridian Gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of Heaven and the palace should be the center of universe .The Grand Qing Gate was bulilt in 1632 and is was the place where the civilian offcials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily .The special feature of the gate is the tile color.They are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders.Yellow synbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains.The combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.

The building to the east of Grand Qing Gate is called Ancestor Temple(Taimiao)with yellow tile roof,where Nuerhachis descendants offeredsacrifices to their ancestors for blessings.So Ancestor Temple is the most important.

Please follow me into the gate.This path in the middle links the gate to Holy Administration Hall with Flying Dragon Pavilion (Feilongge) and Flying Phoenix Pavilion(Xiangfengge) on each side.The Hall of Holy Administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military,administrative affairs in eatly Qing Dynasty and had witnessed many national ceremories.Flying Dragon and Flying Phoenix Pavilions were for storing music instruments.

Holy Administration Hall was Emperor Huangtaijis office.In front of the hall are Rigui and Jiangliang,which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.

In accient construction,office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear.Since we have visted the place where the Emperors worked and now well pay a visite tothe place where empress and concubines lived.Here is the Phoenis Tower.It served as an entrances to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of Huangtaiji and his concubines,and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally.The tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall.It was the tallest building in Shenyang at that time .It is amazing watching sunrise in the morning on the tower and Phoenix Sunrise is one of the famous Eight fascinating Scenes in Shenyang.

Look upward ,we will see a board hanging up on Phoenix Tower ,on which Emperor Qianlong inscribed "Ziqidonglai",which meant the Qing Dynasty in Beijing immigrated fron Shengjing,the old name for Shenyang to the east .There are 24staircases leading to Phoenix Tower representing 24 seasonal divisions points in chinese lunar calendar.In Shenyang Imperial palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in Forbidden city in Beijing.

Walking through the tower are the rear chambers.The one on the north in the middle was called Purity and Tranquility Hall,which was prepared for emperor and empress.The other four lying on both sides were fo concubines .Purity and Tranquility Hall has five rooms and the First from the east was where Huangraiji passed away here at the age of 52 without any disease.His throne passed to his ninth son,Fulin.In early Qing Dynasty,the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house,zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground.The main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door was opende in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag.The zigzag beds,made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called"kang"in Chinese.In order to get heat and keep room warm in winter,tunnels was made under the ground of Purity and Tranquility Hall to put fire and smoke through .Now notice the pole standing on the ground for smoke through.Now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard.This red pole is called Suolun pole,or Holy Pole.Its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.It was said that Nuerhachi was savedby crows.Crows are considered sacred in Manchurian culture though in Chinese culture crows are regarded as birds bringing bad luck.

Emperor Huangtaiji had four concubines.Among the four concubines Chen was loved best by Huangtaiji and Concubine Zhuang was the wisest and the mother of the next emperor,Fulin.Therefore ,she had a special status among the concubines.

The only chimney was built on the rear of Purity and Tranquility hall from the ground with 11 layers ,representing the 11 emperors from Emperor Huangtaiji to the last emperor Puyi.This chimney was the highest one at that time.In Chinese ,the sound of chimeny"tong" is the same as that of unity.

To the north further is rear courtyard called Yuhua Garden.

After visiting the middle section of the palace ,we come to the eastern section.Its representative building is the Great Administration Hall,flanked by Ten Princes Pavilions.This part was built in 1625,and they were the earliest building in Shenyang Imperial Palace.Great Administration Hall is the place ceremonies and handled state affairs.

Great Administration Hall was built with eight sides representing the style of military tent and also Eight Banner military system.Now please look at the ten pavilions,five on each side,which were the offices of the commanders at that time.Here I will give you an introduction to the military system of early Manchurian Period .Nuerhachi divided his troops in four parts and each part was identified by the color of its banner .There sere then four kinds of banner:red,blue,white and yellow banner.As the troops expanded quickly ,another four parts were added and therefore another four kinds of banner were needed .By then there were altogether eight kinds of banner.This army was therefore well known for Eight Banner Army .

The last part of Shenyang Imperial Palace is the western section,built from 1782 to 1783 and during Emperor Qianlongs reign.Its main construction is Book Source Pavilion (Wensuge) with Theater Platform and Good Descendant-benefiting Hall(Jiayintang) in front,Prosperity Administration Stydy (Yangxizhai) and Nine Halls behind.Book Souurce Pavilion(wensuge) was specially designed for storing the encyclopedia compiled at that time,Si Ku Quan Shu.This encyclopedia collected most of the books in Chinese history .Its complication started in 1773.This set of history books is composed of seven sections,more than 36,000 volumes.It took educated persons over 10 years to finish is.When finished,the sholeeyclopedia was duplicated in seven pavilions across China.The other six copies were either damaged during wars or lost.This set is the only one well kept.But the real copy is no longer here and now is restored in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Gansu province library.We can see that Book Source Pavilion covered with black tiles.In Chinese philosophy,black refers water.The pavilion was built for storing books and its biggest threat was fire.So black tiles hinting water covering it on the top as a way of protection .Good Proserty Admiration Study was for Emperor reading while Descendant-benefiting Hall and the Theater Platform consisting of a couryard for Emperor ,his empress and concubines watching plays.

Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the cultural relics in China and it is the symbol of this city .It is a good combination of diferent nationalities as well as a tourist attraction.And now we have to end our visiting ,I hope you all enjoy it and thank you for your cooperation,goodbye.

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

女士们、先生们：

在这里，我将为您们介绍我国古代文化的瑰宝，位于北京的故宫博物院。

紫禁城建筑原则是前朝后市，左祖右社。左祖右社就是故宫东南的太庙和西南的社稷坛。前朝就是故宫内上朝行礼的宫殿。以前神武门和景山之间曾经有市场，就是后市。

故宫内部宫殿又分为外朝、内廷，以乾清门广场为界，南边是外朝，举行大典的场所，以三大殿——太和、中和、保和为中心，东面文华殿、西面武英殿为两翼。武英殿清朝多尔衮曾经在此摄政，之后改为修书处，修出的书称为“殿本”。文华殿曾为太子居所，后来文渊阁成为藏书处。北边是内廷，中心是乾清宫、坤宁宫，为帝后寝宫，但清朝皇后不住坤宁宫，坤宁宫用于祭祀和皇帝举行大婚典礼的地方。乾清宫清朝雍正以后不再住人，而是接见大臣、举行内廷典礼、皇帝死后停灵所用。后三宫两边有东西六宫，是嫔妃的住所。乾清宫西面养心殿是雍正以后皇帝的居所，处理政事也在这里。

这是故宫比较靠中间的重要部分，此外还有西路慈宁宫、慈宁花园，太后住处，没有开放，我也不太清楚。外东路宁寿全宫，乾隆准备当太上皇时建的，但没有住过。

现在还有流传以前关于紫禁城建筑时的传说，。据说，当初刘伯温修建北京城皇宫的时候，皇上和他的儿子燕王打算把宫殿修盖得间量多点儿、大点儿，总觉得皇上住的地方应当特别华贵，不然就显不出天子的尊严。这天，皇上正要传旨宣刘伯温，就在这个节骨眼儿上，刘伯温来了。刘伯温一见皇上就说：“启奏万岁，臣昨天夜里做了一个梦，梦见玉皇大帝把臣召到凌霄殿上对臣说：‘你朝皇帝要修盖皇宫，你告诉他！天宫宝殿是一千间，凡间宫殿万不可超过天宫。你还要告诉他，要请三十六金刚、七十二地煞去保护凡间皇城，才能够风调雨顺国泰民安，你要牢牢记住’。玉皇大帝说完这些话，就扑过来一阵白茫茫的香雾，一下就把臣吓醒啦！”皇上听了觉着很怪，想了想，就下旨叫刘伯温去监造不到一千间，可还得跟天宫差不多间量的皇宫，并去请金刚、地煞来保护皇官。刘伯温领旨就办去了，这事儿一下子就在北京城传开了，老百姓都等着要看刘伯温怎样修盖皇宫，怎样去请三十六金刚、七十二地煞这些神仙来保护皇宫过了些日子，刘伯温就把事儿全都办好了。皇上一看那宫殿盖得甭提有多华贵了，间量还真是不到一万间，再看宫院里金光闪闪，好像有神仙镇守。皇上愈看愈高兴，当时传旨，给刘怕温加封晋爵，还赏赐了很多珠宝。外邦听说刘伯温请了天神三十六金刚、七十二地煞保护皇城，也就不敢兴兵作乱了。后来人们才知道，原来故宫里的宫殿是九百九十九间半；天神三十六金刚就是宫殿门口摆着的三十六口包金大缸；七十二地煞就是故宫里的七十二条地沟。

故宫里面的宏伟建筑代表了我国五千年文化的精髓。标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。难道这不是作为一个中国人，作为一个炎黄子孙最值得骄傲的地方吗？

游客朋友们大家好，首先欢迎大家的到来，我叫王格申，是你们的导游，大家能够叫我王导，年长的游客们也能够直接称呼我小王，好了，先给大家讲讲我们的行程，我们第一个要去的地方就是我们的沈阳故宫。

说道故宫，大家肯低昂想到的都是北京故宫，启示不用到北京也能看到故宫的，没错那就是沈阳故宫，沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一，另外一个不用我多说大家就应都明白是哪一个了吧，沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，宫内建筑物保存完好。

此刻大家就在沈阳故宫的门口，大家都看到了它的规模比占地72万平方米的北京故宫要小得多，但是，它在建筑上有自我的特色，这些就需要有颗朋友们自我去体会品味了，那里此刻是沈阳最重要的游览点。

沈阳故宫建于1625年，是后金第一代汗努尔哈赤开始修筑。努尔哈赤死后，第二代汗皇太极继续修建成功。沈阳故宫的建筑布局能够分为三路。东路为清太祖努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗皇太极时期续建的大中阙，包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、启福宫等。西路则是乾隆时期增建的文溯阁、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等。乾隆时皇宫已在北京，但他有时也“东巡”回沈阳看看。

此刻我们来到了沈阳故宫的东路，那里是很有特色的。大政殿居中，两旁分列十个亭子，称为十王亭。大政殿是一座八角重檐亭子建筑，正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿是用来举行大典，如颁布诏书，宣布军队出征，迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等的地方。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，但是它的体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此，称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的十座亭子。其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿。这十一座亭子，就是十一座帐篷的化身。帐篷是能够流动、迁移的，而亭子就固定起来了。这也显示了少数民族文化的一个发展。崇政殿是沈阳故宫最重要的建筑，在中路，是皇太极日常临朝的地方。崇政殿北有一凤凰楼，三层，是当时盛京城内最高的建筑物。沈阳故宫博物馆所陈列的多半是旧皇宫遗留下来的宫廷文物。如努尔哈赤用过的剑，皇太极用过的腰刀和鹿角椅等。沈阳故宫博物馆陈列的艺术品也很丰富。在绘画陈列室里，有明、清两代一些大师的作品如清李鳟、金农、明文征明书画精品、陶瓷、雕刻、织乡、漆器等工艺品。

我的讲解就差不多，此刻给大家一点时光自我去观赏一下，半个小时候我们在那里集合，多谢大家的配合。

各位朋友，先自我介绍一下……今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院，现在我先为大家作个简单介绍。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

各位朋友，现在我们已经进入故宫。这里是故宫第一进院落，首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

好，下面请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场，这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。好！这里可以拍下远处太和殿的全景，各位可以在此留个影，过一会儿，我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。

太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间，进深5间，规模为紫禁城内大殿之最。装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示"第一",那是皇帝认为"老子天下第一"思想的体现。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看！中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。

各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场，自乾隆皇帝以后，这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。

好啦！故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束，现在请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息，我们10分钟后集合，谢谢大家！

各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即"前朝"和"后寝"."前朝"是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。"后寝"是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。现在，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即"后寝".

各位朋友，现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块"正大光明"匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有"无为"二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

好啦，各位朋友，故宫中路的讲解到此结束。

首先我来介绍故宫的概况。

故宫过去叫紫禁城，它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(14XX年)永乐十八年建成，占地面积72万多平方米，距今已有6XX年的历史。在这里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学非常发达的国家，早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中，人们发现，有一颗星的位置是不变的，始终居于天空的正中，它是紫微星，也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿，称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子，就是天帝的儿子，他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”，这是其一，其二呢，皇帝居住的宫院，对寻常老百姓来说，是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来，所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣，也就是永乐皇帝在14XX年开始营建的，用了XX年的时间才全部建成，1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统，共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过，统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半，实际上是8700多间，是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿沿中轴线排列，并向两边展开，左右对称，格局严正，气魄雄伟，极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时，不仅仅可以亲身接触到它的一砖一瓦，还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道，这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的，您定会爱不够，也看不够。再者说，在那些文物的背后，在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事，足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话，您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫，就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”，因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧藏文物的基础上，建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可能会问了，那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢?不要着急，这还要从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。19xx年，辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治，19xx年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说，这座宫殿应该收归国有。可是，按照当时的规定，溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分，长达十几年。

在1924年冬季的一天，冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟，将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫，同时成立“清室善后委员会”，接管故宫，并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备，1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天，为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝，许多人拥向故宫，北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞，这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天，到底接待了多少游客，我们不知道。可这几年，每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的，算起来，每天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了，在这么长的时间，尤其是新中国成立后，故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面，取得了巨大的进步。您知道吗?目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件，占全国文物馆藏总量的十分之一，其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢?那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢?这150多万件文物种类齐全，包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器，以及大量帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来，故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外，又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆，并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。另外，你还可以到故宫的网站上看看，网址是：. (d是英文digital 数字的意思;pm是palace museum，故宫的意思。中文意思就是数字故宫。

城池

午门 是皇宫的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝，它的地位非常重要，许多重大仪式都是在这里举行的。比如：每年农历十月，皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一年的历书。另外，打完仗，将士得胜回朝后，要在午门前举行隆重的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月十五的元宵节，这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天，而且允许平民百姓来赏灯游玩，显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而，说到这午门，大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实，这句话纯属误传，北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎么传出来的呢?过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政，经常出现意见不和的情况。在明朝时，皇帝就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子，它是一种碗口粗的毛竹，里面还要灌上水银，据说是为了加大杀伤力，几杖下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间，就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门 故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外，还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口大钟，每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。这里说的更，是过去人们对夜间的计时方法，一更约为两个小时，一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天1点，正是三更的时候，所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每天夜幕降临后，在击鼓报初更之前，先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静，紫禁城里的人们，都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门 是整个明代皇宫的东门，与西华门一东一西，遥相对应。东华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为，而是处于靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门，门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。这个门的职能与东华门相同，是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地，或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故，大多数朝臣一般进出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼 在紫禁城高高的城墙上，有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。它们像四颗明珠，镶嵌在高大的城墙上，它们不仅是我国，也是世界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂，它一共有三层檐。关于这角楼的建造，还有一个故事呢，我来说说吧。 相传，明朝的永乐皇帝在修建皇宫时，特意指定要在紫禁城的死角，各建造一座“九梁十八柱七十二脊”的角楼，并且限期100天，盖不好要杀头。谁也没有见过这么复杂的建筑阿，这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要到了，工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是，来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。他那蝈蝈笼子非常精致漂亮，大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸，“一根梁，两根梁…..”一数，一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎，这部正式咱们要盖的角楼吗!大家非常兴奋，突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿，可一看，老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说，这是鲁班爷显灵，来救我们了。于是，工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河 紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米，深6米的护城河，河岸陡直，由条石砌成，俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间，戒备森严。护城河水的源头是京西的玉泉山，玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥，流到市中心的后海，然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流，经景山西门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕，农历七月，荷花盛开，十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外，剩余的拿到市场上卖，所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河，一条是内金水河，一条是外金水河。外金水河在天安门前，其水系来自护城河西边的河段，护城河河水到达宫墙西南角后，进入地道，在从织女桥流出，绕过社稷坛，从外金水桥流过，经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸，流出皇城。内金水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水，河水沿内廷西区供电墙外向南流，在慈宁花园墙外向东南转，蜿蜒经武英殿，在太和门前广场形成一个优美的拱形渠，然后转向北流经文渊阁，在銮驾库的西边流出皇宫。整条内金水河在皇宫里绵延多米，河上共有大大小小21座桥，还有10多处涵洞。内金水河除有排泄雨水、方便宫中取水、消防等实际功能之外，增加精致也是其中不可忽视的因素。

太和门和三大殿

太和门 朋友们，到了皇宫，您一定想知道皇帝上早朝的地方吧，太和门，就是明朝“御门听证”的地方。所谓御门听证，就是大家所说的上早朝，由皇帝和大臣们讨论、处理国家大事。 在人们的印象中，皇帝上朝都是在威严的大殿里，其实不然。每天清晨，皇帝从后宫出来，坐在这太和门种种摆放的龙椅上。王公大臣们按照文东武西的顺序，站在门下的广场上，向皇帝奏事。皇帝身边站着当班的内阁学士，负责记录皇帝的意见，退朝后再稍加整理，颁行天下，这就是我们常说的“圣旨”或“上谕”，国家的日常事务就在这太和门商量决定了。说到这里，也许您会想到：在露天的门外办公，万一刮风下雨怎么办呢?其实别说刮风下雨，就是平常这里也不打舒服。但按当时的规定：皇帝和大臣们每天都要上早朝。不过，制度是死的，人是活的。封建社会每个朝代的头一两个皇帝一般都还比较勤奋，后代的皇帝就贪图享乐，把祖父辈打江山时的艰辛和治天下短裤新都抛到脑后了。明朝也不例外，中后期的万历皇帝竟长达24年不临朝。历史学家曾说过“明之亡，则亡于神宗”就是说明朝的灭亡正是从这位明神宗开始的。到清朝的时候，将御门听证改在故宫的乾清门。

金水桥 在太和殿前面有五座精致的汉白玉石桥，这就是著名的金水桥。您知道它为什么叫“金水桥”吗?我先说桥下这条河的水，它来自京城西面的玉泉山，从紫禁城的西北进入，东南流出。而古人推崇阴阳五行学说，就是金木水火土这五种物质，认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金，所以取名“金水河”，那上面的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了，我们都知道，天安门外也有金水桥，那是外金水桥，而我们眼前的是内金水桥，这金水河不光起到了装饰庭院的作用，也是紫禁城里重要的消防水源和排水渠道，故宫中的水源是很少的，一旦宫殿着火，金水河里的水就非常珍贵了。

太和殿 在宽阔的太和门广场上，广场中间有一条青白石铺成的御道，这条御道当年只有皇帝才能走。从太和门广场北望，在那高大、漂亮的汉白玉台基上，有座雄伟的建筑叫太和殿，也就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。这汉白玉台基高达8米，比现在的两层楼还要高。修建这么高的台基，为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。咱们国家古建筑的主体是木结构，而木材本身又不可能很高大，于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起，以增强气势。 在紫禁城所有宫殿中，以这座金銮殿最受尊崇，当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在这里举行。比如说，皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后，还有在发生战争时派将出征，都要在太和殿举行非常隆重地典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典，皇帝要这里接受百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆，也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节，皇帝也要在这里举行盛大的宴会。其实这个元旦不是咱们现在的新年，而是农历的大年初一_—春节。冬至是一年当日光照时间最短的一天，古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子，值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天，次日在太和殿接受王公大臣的朝贺，而万寿节则是当朝皇帝自己的生日。您可能在电视剧中看到过举行大典的场景把，这广场的两要布置雄壮的仪仗队，文武百官就跪在这御道的两旁。而皇帝是坐在太和殿内的宝座上，接受官员们的叩拜大礼的。既然太和殿的地位这么重要，在建筑规格上自然就是最高、最大的了。它的建筑面积是2377平方米。不仅在紫禁城内，就是从全国范围看，也是现存最大的木结构宫殿。从它的屋脊到地面，高达35米，比现在的10层楼房还要高。讲到这里，不知您是否注意到这么一个问题。您看，这么大的一个广场，怎么连一颗树也没有?原来，这是为了突出三大殿的壮观和皇帝的尊严。您想一想，如果这里松柏参天，三大殿掩映在树荫之中，那还能有现在这种气势马?再者说，这里是举行重大典礼的地方，要求格外庄严肃穆。如果有了树木，仪仗和百官的站位都会受到影响，将有损于典礼的严肃性。如此说来，是这些宫殿建筑的功能，决定了这里不能种树。 在太和殿的汉白玉台基上，有许多青铜鼎，其实那时香炉，因为它们是模仿周朝的鼎造的，所以叫鼎式炉。三层石台上共有18个香炉，象征着清朝的18个行省。每当大典时，就在香炉腹部装上香料，然后将香料点燃，18个香炉就一起散出缕缕青烟，使太和殿显得更加神秘庄严。 太和殿外面两边平台的两个角落，各有一件汉白玉雕凿的器具。在一块圆石板上，中间插一根铁针，周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时，铁针的投影指向哪个时刻，就表示是什么时辰了。它叫日晷，是古代的一种计时工具。与日晷对称的位置，是一座石头亭子，它叫嘉量。在嘉量的里面石斛(hu)、斗、升、合(ge)、龠(yue)五种计量器具，一直到近代，人们还常用斗和升来称量东西。为什么要把这两件器具摆放在这儿呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。在中国古代，时间和度量衡是非超重要的，它代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间，只有天子才能代表上天，行使规定时间和计量的权力，它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的统龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的，但还有一定的寓意。我们都知道，龟、鹤是长寿的动物，在太和殿的两边摆放上龟、鹤，象征着国运永昌。 我们都知道故宫有8700多间房子，而这太和殿，就有55间，这是怎么回事呢?因为在古代，我们把四根柱子之间算一间屋子，而太和殿是横11间、纵5间，就是55间了。所以说，整个故宫也只是由几百座宫殿。 摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅，就是民间俗称的金銮宝座。它是用紫檀木制成，从明朝到清朝一直是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度，给人一种非常稳定的感觉，象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。大殿里的柱子，靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子，他表面贴的是金箔，6根金柱拱卫着那巨大的龙椅，把皇帝衬托得更加尊贵、庄严。此外还有66根朱红色的柱子。这些柱子都是用才子东北长白山的红松制成的，每根高12米，直径1米多，两个人都抱不过来。当年没有显得的大型运输工具，要采伐、运输这么的木材，实在是一件非常艰难的事情。 在太和殿的天花板上，有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称，就是指天花板中间镂孔雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙，就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下面，吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球，它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究，您听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝，而咱们现代人都是它们的后代，所以中国人都说自己是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”，而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜，表示自己三正统黄帝，而且有轩辕氏的保佑。 太和殿地面上铺的是一种亮亮的方砖。您听说过紫禁城“金砖墁地”吗?指的就是这种“金砖”。这种砖并不是拿黄金制成的，那它为什么会叫金砖呢?这种砖是在今天苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的，所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人发“京”这个字音时，听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之，这京砖被叫成金砖了。虽说这砖不是用黄金制成，可是由于它的制作方法独特，工艺复杂，它的质地更像大理石一样细密、坚固，尽管经历了几百年的摩擦，依然光亮如镜，再加上烧制、铺墁这种砖的费用也是很高的，所以，冠以“金砖”的美名，也是名副其实。

中和殿 太和殿后面有一座四四方方、象亭子一样的建筑，是中和殿。它是黄帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前，皇帝从后宫出来，在中和殿稍作停留。当太和殿所有的仪式都准备好后，有专门的人来导引着皇帝，沿中间的御道，从太和殿的后门走近去。当皇帝一落座，就要焚香、奏乐、响鞭，整个大典便开始了。由于这里是皇帝大典之前做准备工作的地方，所以他在后来逐渐成为举行各种祭祀、典礼时的准备场所。在各种祭祀活动中，有一项很特殊，那就是每年春天的祭农。每年春分，皇帝要到先农坛，那里有一块皇帝的“自留地”，就是咱们俗称的“一亩三分地”。平常有专门的官员管理，但到了春分那天，皇帝要亲自到这块田地上，扶扶犁，锄锄地，这叫行“亲耕礼”，祈求五谷丰登。皇帝在去先农坛之前，要在中和殿举行一个仪式，看一看他要用的农具，这也反映皇帝对农业的重视。当然了，中和殿还有其他用途。比如皇帝要在这里阅视家谱。皇族和老百姓一样，也有自己的家谱，皇帝的家谱叫“玉牒”。玉是玉器的玉，牒是通牒的牒，每隔十年重修一次。这里要说明一句，皇帝的家谱虽名为玉牒，但并不是用玉制成的，也是用纸张书写，只是为了强调皇帝家谱的高贵，才称为玉牒。中和殿的另一个用途，是皇帝在这里为皇太后上徽号。皇帝为了表示孝道，要在寿庆和节日给皇太后上一些吉祥的称号，叫做徽号。像我们熟悉的“慈禧”“慈安”就是徽号。

保和殿是一座非常著名的宫殿，在明清两朝，这里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日，皇帝都要在这里宴请文武百官，以示庆贺。一些少数民俗的领袖，像西藏的高僧，蒙古王公来皇宫，皇帝也要在这里设宴款待，以示笼络。公主出嫁，皇帝也要在这里宴请亲家，表示对他们的尊重。然而，保和殿在读书人的心目中，地位是最高的，因为从清朝乾隆年间开始，保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能，成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元，就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎，暮登天子堂。将相本无种，男儿当自强!您听过这首童谣吗?它的前两句是说一个青年早上还在为地主放牛，晚上就到天子堂来考试了。而“天子堂”，指的就是这保和殿。这里形容读书人的一步登天，其实当年可不是这样的。在当年，能够到这座大殿内参加考试，就应经是非常非常不容易了。因为来到这里的考生，都是从全国众多学子中，经过从地方到京城层层考试选出来的。一个读书人，熟读“四书五经”之后，首先要中秀才。中了秀才就是读书人，到县衙大堂，见县官就不用跪了。秀才要去省会城市考试考“乡试”，考中为举人，举人就可以做县令之类的小官了，社会地位也会得到很大的提升。您还记得吗，在电视剧《铁齿痛牙纪晓岚》里就有秀才参加乡试，考官们徇私舞弊的情节。其实，中举对于科举之路来说，只是万里长征走完了第一步。举人们还要到京城的国子监去考“会试”。然后才有资格到这座宫殿参加考试，所以叫“殿试”。“殿”就是保和殿的“殿”。殿试每三年举行一次，由皇帝亲自主考。从早上考到晚上，整整一天。阅卷工作全部结束，皇帝要在太和殿进行一个隆重的发榜仪式，称之为“金殿传胪”。所有参加殿试的贡生们都云集在太和广场，皇帝亲自在大典上宣读前三名的名字。考中第一名的称为状元，第二，第三名称为榜眼和探花。这三个人可以很荣耀的从午门正中的门洞走出紫禁城，这是皇帝对他们的恩宠。

云龙石雕 故宫中，在许多宫殿的前台都有石雕，用浮雕的手法刻出游龙、翔凤等图案。这些石雕主要为了装饰，显示皇家的威严和气派。在这些大大小小的石雕中，保和殿后也就是台阶中间的云龙石雕是最大的一块。石雕的图案，从上到下，刻着九条形态各异、栩栩如生的游龙，嬉戏于云海之中，非常生动、精美。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的，现在长16.57米，宽3.07米，平均厚度1.70米，重量达200多吨。这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村，距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前，没有任何现代化运输工具的情况下，是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢?这是一个非常有趣的话题。简单地说，就是借助冰，是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。工匠们从紫禁城到大石窝村，每隔一里地打一口井。到了严冬季节，从井里把水提上来，泼在路面上，就这样波一条100多华里的冰道。我们知道，饼面上的摩擦力小的多。就是这种能够情况下，仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马，用了近一个月时间，耗银11万两，才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里，其艰难程度可想而知。每个人站在它面前，都不得不从心底叹服古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

铜缸 故宫里有许多大缸，您想这些大缸是做什么用的呢?这些缸是储水防火用的，故宫里现在总共有308口铜缸或铁缸，分散在各个宫殿附近。故宫的缸都有一个特点，缸底的石基都留有一个方口。因为北京的冬天很冷，户外的水很容易结冰，所以入冬以后，专门有太监来管理这些缸。在缸的外面套上棉套，上面盖上缸盖，低下烧上炭火，一直烧到惊蛰时节气温回升了才撤火，基座下的方口就是烧炭的炭口。这些缸大部分都是用青铜铸成的，缸外面是镏金的，一口缸要用黄金约3公斤。金灿灿的镏金铜缸衬着红墙，十分华贵气派。可是，如果我们走到前朝宫殿旁边，会发现那里的缸表面只留下了斑斑的黄迹。这是怎么回事呢?说道这儿，我要讲一段令人心酸的历史了。100多年前，也就是公元19xx年，八国联军以镇压义和团的名义，侵略北京。当他们进入紫禁城后，对宫廷物品进行了大肆劫掠，抢走了数不清的玉器、玛瑙、佛像，许多珍贵图书、档案也被破坏。这些大缸表面，金灿灿的黄金夜难逃此劫。贪婪的侵略者用刺刀把缸表面的镏金一点点刮去，留下横七竖八的刀痕，引起我们痛苦的回忆，提醒我们要勿忘国耻，自强不息!

横街

在保和殿和乾清门之间有条狭长的广场，是紫禁城内的一条分界线，称“横街”，又叫乾清门广场。横街以南是外朝，是举行重大典礼的场所。横街以北是皇帝后妃们居住的地方。从这里向北的一片金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是紫禁城的内廷。在内廷紫禁城的中轴线上有三座宫殿，依次是乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫，称为后三宫，再往北是御花园。两侧各有六座规制相同的院落，就是妃嫔们居住的东六宫和西六宫。东六宫的东侧，有皇帝供奉祖先的奉献殿和乾隆打算养老的宁寿全宫。在内廷中轴线的西面，有一大片宫殿，是供太后、太妃们居住的慈宁宫、寿康宫。另外，还有一座很高的建筑，与周围其他殿堂有很大差异。那是外西路的一处佛堂，叫雨花阁，是故宫中最大的一处佛堂。这座阁楼的形制与其他宫殿明显不同，它的四个屋脊各雕有一条铜铸镏金的龙，四条游龙栩栩如生，呼之欲出。

军机处 在乾清门西高墙边，有排又矮又小的房子，比起紫禁城里那些高大的宫殿，它们实在是太不起眼了。可是正像俗话所说的“人不可貌相”一样，这几间小房子也非比寻常，因为这就是鼎鼎大名的“军机处”所在地。您在各种文学、影视作品中所看到的“军机大臣”，就在这里值班。清朝为什么要把军机处那样一个非常重要的机构，放在这么一个不起眼的地方呢?就是因为这排房子的一墙之隔就是皇帝居住的养心殿。雍正初年，西北地区放生大规模的武装叛乱，军情紧急，雍正皇帝经常在养心殿昼夜不停的和大臣们商量如何评定叛乱。为了随时召见这些大臣，雍正便将养心殿外这排平房作为大臣们休息和等候的地方。这样一来，既节省了时间，又有利于保密。于是，军机处成为正式的国家机关，国家的军政大事都在这里决断，而本来掌握朝政大权的内阁变成空架子。军机大臣的人选要皇帝亲自在大学士、尚书、侍郎等大臣中选任。这样军机处就完全置于皇帝的直接控制之下了。而军机大臣确实有一定权势。要是没有过人的才能，还是不可能成为军机大臣的。一位大臣初入军机处，叫学习“行走”，他每天的工作就是誊写诗片。皇帝每天口诵所制诗文，这位大臣只能肃立静听，然后回到军机处根据记忆将皇帝的诗文誊些出来，也能做到准确无误了，才能参加撰写皇帝的谕旨。皇帝的谕旨，有时一天好几次，有时一说就是几百句话，听了以后，仅凭记忆，要能写的完全符合皇帝的本意才行。您说，这活儿容易吗?

景运门 在明朝时期可是戒备森严，没有皇帝的诏令，就是王公大臣也不能进入。因为，这是进入皇宫内院的必经之门。在景运门西面，有一个和它正对着的门，叫隆宗门，隆宗门的作用及管理办法，和景运门完全一样的。

后三宫

乾清门，它和南面的太和门有异曲同工之处。太和门是明朝“御门听证”的场所，清朝则改在这里。清代的许多重大国事比如平定吴三桂等人的叛乱、抗击沙皇俄国的侵略、出兵收复中国台湾等。都是在这里讨论决策的。乾清门内是一个不大的院子，周围有一些看上去很普通的长廊式房屋，您可千万别小看这些没有气派的平房，中国历史上许多重大历史事件就发生在这里。您听说过康熙智擒鳌拜的故事吗?这历史上真实的一幕，就发生在乾清门西侧的叫南书房的屋子里。康熙做皇帝的时候只有8岁，又鳌拜登四名大臣辅政，鳌拜居功自傲，专横跋扈。有很大野心。他通过大肆结党营私，迫害异己逐渐总揽了朝廷大权，干了许多坏事。康熙14岁时，名义上正式亲政，可实际上鳌拜仍然控制着朝廷，把康熙置于傀儡地位。有一次，鳌拜和一个大臣发生争执，鳌拜在朝堂上，就和皇帝大吵大闹，后来竟然撸起袖子、伸出拳头，胁迫康熙。康熙只好暂时忍耐。从那以后，康熙决心除掉这块绊脚石。然而鳌拜是满族贵族中有名的“勇士”武功极好，又手握大权，在朝中有一大帮党羽，要扳倒鳌拜也不是件容易的事。康熙决定智取，假装迷上了摔跤，他让人找了十几个身体强壮并和自己年龄相仿的少年，天天在一起玩摔跤。有时鳌拜进宫办事，看到小皇帝这样贪玩，认为不会有什么作为，就更加不把皇帝放在心上，做着独揽大权的美梦。经过一年多的训练，康熙认为时机已经成熟，便在康熙八年五月的一天，召鳌拜来南书房讲书，当时这里是康熙读书的地方。当鳌拜像往常一样趾高气扬的走进去时，突然拥上一帮少年，连拉带绊把他按倒在地，鳌拜还以为这帮孩子在跟他开玩笑。当他被捆绑住后，康熙严厉的列举了鳌拜的30条罪状。考虑到鳌拜毕竟为清朝立下过汗马功劳，宣布将他终生监禁。不可一世的鳌拜后来死在狱中。这一年康熙皇帝才16岁。

乾清宫 是皇帝的寝宫，明朝的14位皇帝和清朝的顺治，康熙两位皇帝都曾在这里居住，并在这里批阅奏章、召见官员、接见外国使节。从清朝第五代皇帝雍正开始，将寝宫移到了养心殿。宫殿里宝座的上方，悬挂着一块牌匾，上面写着“正大光明”四个大字。这块匾是康熙皇帝临摹顺治皇帝的笔迹写成的，在学多电视剧中出现过，可以说它是紫禁城中最重要的一块匾，为什么这么说呢，有两个理由：首先“正大光明”这四个字是清朝皇帝标榜的祖训格言，制成扁悬挂在这里，作为立身、齐家、治国、平天下的基本准则。再者，它和清朝雍正皇帝创立的秘密建储制度有关。储是储存的储，建储业叫立储，就是确立皇位继承人。我国历代王朝，大都采取公开建储的方式，立为太子的多是嫡长子，也就是皇后生的第一个儿子。可是皇帝的儿子一般都很少，不少皇子都做着皇帝梦，他们为此往往拉帮结伙、勾心斗角，甚至发展为同胞骨肉互相残杀，您看过电视剧《康熙王朝》吗?剧中的康熙皇帝就因为建储而遇到问题：他曾两次立嫡长子胤礽为太子，又两次把他废掉。此后康熙便不再提太子的人选，直到他临死之前，才下诏书，让四子胤祯继承皇位，这就是雍正皇帝。由于康熙朝的太子长期不定，而雍正即位又比较突然，所以民间就盛传雍正是偷改了康熙皇帝的遗诏而登上皇帝宝座的。据说，康熙写的是“传位十四子”，雍正勾结负责传召的故名大臣隆科多将“十”字上面加一横，下面加意钩，改称了了“于”字，成为“传位于四子”。事实果真如此吗?据清史专家考证，这种传说是靠不住的，因为清代这种传位诏书要用满汉两种文字书写。这样看来，雍正并不是靠篡改诏书登上皇位的。雍正皇帝即位后，吸取历史教训，决定将公开立太子的制度，该为秘密建储。秘密建储的做法是，皇帝在位时不公开确立太子，通过对皇子们的全面考查，选定皇位接班人，并秘密的将这个皇子的名字写在两份诏书上，一份由混各地随身带着，另一份装在一个小盒子里，密封好后，就放在这块“正大光明”匾背后。当皇帝病危时或去世后，由朝廷重臣和王公贵族，一起把这两份诏书取出来，对照无异后，即按照上面的名字公布下一任皇帝。这种方法确实减少了皇子之间的争斗。雍正皇帝设立了这种秘密建储制度后，他的儿子乾隆皇帝就是以这种方式登上皇位的。

交泰殿 是以做四方的亭式建筑。这座宫殿上的彩画图案和其他宫殿的是有区别的。所绘彩画是一对对飞翔凤凰，而其他宫殿基本上都是一对对游龙。在封建社会，龙是皇帝的象征，而凤凰是皇后的象征。皇后头上戴的是凤冠，穿的是凤头鞋，住的是凤楼。说到这儿您是不是已经想到了交泰殿的用途，原来这交泰殿是宫内专门为皇后准备的正殿。在皇宫中，皇后的地位也是非常尊贵的。每年的一些重要节日，如元旦，还有千秋节，也就是皇后的生日，皇后就会端坐在交泰殿内的宝座上，接受宫内嫔妃以及一些高级官员大夫人的朝拜。殿内正上方悬挂的那张匾写有“无为”二字。这两个字很是耐人寻味，无为是古代的一种政治思想，讲究清静无为、清心寡欲，其实就是不要有太多的作为，凡是要顺其自然。交泰殿虽然不大，里面的陈设却非常丰富。宝座两旁有一些蒙着布的方架子颇引人注目。当年这些架子上放置着象征皇权的大印，一共有25方，习惯上称为二十五宝，这些都是乾隆皇帝亲自选出来的。在殿的两侧，还有两件大型计时器，东边的叫“铜壶滴漏”，西边的叫“大自铭钟”。铜壶滴漏是中国古代传统的计时器，大自铭钟是吸收西方近代科学仿造的钟表。

坤宁宫 是后三宫的最后一宫。我们知道后三宫中最前面的是乾清宫，从名字上看，按照中国传统文化的解释，这“坤宁”二字同乾清宫的“乾清”二字是非常对应的，“乾”指天，象征着阳;“坤”指地，象征着阴。“清”“宁”都是表示安定、和谐的意思。您该猜到坤宁宫的作用了吧!乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，那坤宁宫自然是皇后的寝宫了。在明朝，除了个别失宠的皇后外，其他皇后都住在这座宫殿内。清代，顺治和康熙时期，皇后依然住在坤宁宫里。到了雍正皇帝时，由于皇帝搬出乾清宫，皇后也就不再住坤宁宫了，于是对坤宁宫作了改建。从此，这座古老的宫殿在结构和功能上，都发生了有趣的变化。首先说，这座宫殿的正门不居中，而是偏向东边，这是东北地区满族的建筑特色，再者说，坤宁宫的窗户纸都糊在窗棂的外面，过去人们说东北三大怪，其中就有这“窗户纸糊在外”。在风沙大地区，这种把窗户纸糊在密集的窗棂外面的方法，既可以使窗户纸不易被风刮破，还可以使窗棂上不落灰尘。屋内的陈设，就更有特色了。大殿的西半部分较大，是萨满教举行祭神的场地。萨满教是满足的民族宗教，在东北地区非常流行，它是一个多神教，佛教中的释迦牟尼、观音菩萨，汉族民间祭拜的关云长，以及山里的虎、鹿、猪、熊，路边的石头、树林等都是萨满教的祭祀对象。坤宁宫东侧是皇帝皇后大婚的洞房。按照礼仪，帝、后新婚，要这这里住满三天。三天之后，皇帝搬到养心殿，而皇后在东西六宫中中选择一宫居住。洞房中的陈列室末代皇帝溥仪和他的“皇后”婉容大婚的原状。洞房的墙上涂着红漆，地上铺着红地毯，到处都是红色，在洞房的门口和东侧过道的木影壁上，各有一个大红底金色双喜字，寓意着“开门见喜”。靠窗户的大炕，是皇帝和皇后因交杯酒、唱交祝歌的地方。屋内靠西北墙的地方摆有皇帝和皇后的龙凤喜床。

坤宁门 是御花园的入口。到了这里，古柏老槐扑面而来，有一种神清气爽的感觉。御花园的面积并不大，它东西长130多米，南北宽90米，总面积不超过1XX平方米。但古代的工匠们就利用这一方小小得天地，安排了各类建筑20多座、古树160株，还有两座假山、两方水池及散布其间的大量奇花异石，使御花园显得格外典雅、幽静，幽赏起来，美不胜收。

御花园

钦安殿 走进天一门，在钦安殿的前面，您能看到两棵长的很奇特的柏树。这两棵树的根和主干彼此独立，但从树杈上就相依相偎，难分彼此了。人们称它为“连理树”、“连理枝”。古代人把这种连理枝又叫“合欢树”、“夫妻树”。其实它们不是天然形成的，在它们很小的时候，园艺工匠就将它们拧到了一起，最后长成了这个样子。您知道吗，钦安殿是整个故宫中最古老的建筑，它是从明代保存下来的，距现在已经有580多年的历史了。明清两朝都在这里供奉玄武大帝。玄武大帝也叫真武大帝，是水神。皇宫都是木结构的房子，非常怕火，过去由于没有避雷针，曾多次着火。特别是太和殿，因为最高大，更容易遭受雷击，自明初建成以来，曾经发生五次较大的火灾。所以封建帝王们特意在宫中专门找一个宫殿供奉水神，祈求保佑皇宫的安全。而且，这连理枝前的门叫天一门，门的名字也跟水有关系。《易经》上说“天一生水”，水是灭火的，于是起这个名字，用水镇火，图个吉利。我们都知道，浙江宁波有一座明代的藏书楼叫“天一阁”，也是取这个意思。当然，这些都是一种心理上的安慰罢了。

养性斋 是座凹字形的两层楼阁式建筑。它的外墙倚着御花园的墙壁，海棠树、太湖石环绕周围，环境很优雅，在这儿居住一定很舒服。谁在这儿住过呢?他就是末代皇帝溥仪的英文老师。这位英文老师是苏格兰人，中文名字叫庄士敦。他是一个中国通，中国话也讲的非常流利。在电影《末代皇帝》中，就有这位英文教师的镜头。溥仪在《我的前半生》中写道，自己念书厌烦的时候，庄士敦能循循善诱，“讲些山南海北、古今中外的掌故。”他称赞庄士敦是自己的又一个灵魂。因此，溥仪特意把这养性斋，赏赐给庄士敦当书房兼卧室。当然，溥仪学习英文就业在这里了。

堆秀山，它是用江苏太湖流域的“太湖石”人工堆砌成的。太湖石是在太湖里被湖水多次冲刷而形成的奇形怪状的石头。要细算起来，这堆秀山“太湖石”的历史比整个皇宫都古老，听我们讲讲吧。在北宋的都城开封，过去由一座山叫“艮岳”，就是用太湖石堆成的。可是建好后不久，北宋就被金朝灭亡了，艮岳山也毁了。等到明朝初年修建紫禁城时，就把这些石头运到这儿，堆成了我们眼前的堆秀山。所以这些太湖石有近10XX年的历史了。在山脚下，正中有一个门洞，在门洞的东西两侧各有一座人工喷泉。那时候故宫里没有自来水管道，这喷泉是怎么设计的呢?工匠们在半山腰两侧各设一口蓄水的大缸，通过水道，产生压力，使水从下面的龙嘴里喷出。而喷泉造型是用石头雕刻的一条蛟龙，盘踞在石座上面。喷泉整体造型和谐美观，使皇帝的游玩别有情趣。堆秀山山上有一座小亭子“御景亭”。那儿是御花园的最高点，每年农历八月十五中秋节、九九重阳节，皇帝会带着后妃们，在亭内登高赏月、饮酒作诗。

絳雪轩 为5间房的建筑。这个“絳”字是红色的意思。可我们都知道，雪是白的，那么，絳雪岂不成了红色的雪吗?其实，当年这里种着5棵海棠树。一阵微风吹来，白中透红的海棠花瓣纷纷飘落，地面上就像下了一层红色的雪，乾隆皇帝为此作诗“暇日高轩成小立，东风絳雪未酣霏”，来赞美当时的景色，所以取名叫絳雪轩。絳雪轩对面的花坛，竖着一块枯木。但您仔细想想，如果这是块木头，常年的风吹日晒雨淋，早就腐烂了。其实，这是一块木头的化石，叫木变石。这木变石是怎么形成的呢?据记载，东北的松木沉入松花江，经常年累月，变成石头，就是木变石了。一般的木变石都比较小，可是我们看这块石头，有一米多高，就十分难得了。这块石头是黑龙江的一个大将军，进献给乾隆皇帝的，乾隆得到石头后，非常高兴，诗兴大发，题诗一首，刻在石头上。

延晖阁 为二层阁楼。您可千万不要小看这阁楼，清朝的选秀女就是在这里进行的，每三年选一次，满、蒙、汉八旗官员的女儿凡是13岁到17岁的都要参选，只有到17岁仍未被选上的才可以自由婚嫁。选秀女的时候，候选的女孩子们先由太监从神武门领到这御花园北门外等候。选时一到，再将那些女孩子引到这延晖阁前站好，让坐在阁里的皇帝、皇太后挑选。被选中的秀女，或成为皇帝的嫔妃，或指配给皇子皇孙和皇家宗室的子弟。您知道吗?慈禧就是17岁时在这里被选入宫的。好，延晖阁讲到这里。我现在问您一个问题，您看过电视剧《还珠格格》吗?那里面的格格门住的地方叫什么来着?没错，淑芳斋!在延晖阁西北边有一个小屋檐，倚着红墙，那里面就是淑芳斋了。它位于西六宫最北处，目前还没有公开开放。我所以要讲一家，是为了消除一个误会，实际上这淑芳斋并不是拍《还珠格格》时的场景，也不是格格居住的地方，电视剧只是借用了这个名字。在清朝的时候，淑芳斋是皇帝和后妃们看戏的场所。紫禁城内共有5个戏台，淑芳斋里就有两个，梅兰芳、杨小楼等人都在这里演过戏。

Double cease day, mom and dad is going to take my children to play in the park in yichang, I was very happy.

Today, we all got up early. Wash and dress up, ate breakfast, and set off. My mom and dad to sit for an hour of car, finally arrived yichang, my parents and I got off the bus saw the wide parking lot and parked inside the large and small car, walked to the parking lot outside, I see the broad road, the road with beautiful flowers, neat, sidewalk no garbage, clean.

We came to childrens park gate, the center of the park with lots of the flowers, colorful, very beautiful; Carries out my name on both sides of the trees, grown very lush, lush.

Walk to the park, I saw pigeons at a glance, with white, black, pink... Looking at a lot of children in there to feed the pigeons, I also. Dad met, bought a bag of corn and gave it to my, I took a few, from corn bag in hand, a few dove coming towards me, with a sharp beak pecking at the corn son, I feel itchy, this is fun.

After feeding pigeons, we walked forward, suddenly, I saw a tall and big ferris wheel, I told mom and dad said: "I want to go to the ferris wheel, you can accompany me to play?"

"Yes!" father said.

Mother bought three tickets, before we go to the ferris wheel, have the staff took us to the trunk, we sat in the trunk, trunk up slowly, I looked in the window, "good high!" I called to get up, and I looked down on, see the lawn, a lot of people play on the lawn, trunk up to the highest, I cant look down, heart all quick to drop out, I grabbed my dads hand tightly, afraid to fall, also good, trunk and slowly down, we walked out of the trunk, I could hardly stand, dizzy, but I think a lot of fun. I think: if again, I will also play the ferris wheel.

We also played sand painting, a balloon, bumper car... The park there are a lot of a lot of fun!

A day passed quickly, in the evening, I reluctantly left the park.

Today is a happy day.

欢迎你来到北京故宫!这里又称紫禁城，是明朝两代的皇宫，为我国现在最大最富贵的古建筑群，面积达15500平方米，房屋9000多间。故宫四周围有10米高的城墙，墙外四角各有一座华丽奇特的角楼。

Welcome you to Beijings Forbidden City! Also called the Forbidden City, here are two generations of the Ming dynasty in the imperial palace, for our country is now the largest and most prosperous of ancient architectural complexes, an area of 15500 square meters, more than 9000 houses. Around the Forbidden City has 10 meters high walls, corners of the wall have a magnificent strange watchtower.

从午门进入紫禁城，然后沿着中轴线依次参观内金水桥，太和门，太和殿，中和殿，乾明宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，御花园。参观完御花园，可以通过御花园左侧的门进入东六宫依次参观储秀宫，翎坤宫，永寿宫，咸福宫，长寿宫，太极殿，然后出内右门回到乾明广场，东行进入内左门，可依次参观延禧宫，永和宫，景阳宫，乘乾宫。参观完东六宫可沿东长庆门，然后再进入皇极门，可以参观皇极殿，宁寿宫，扮戏楼，畅音阁，养性殿，乾隆花园，贞妃井，最后出贞顺门西行出神武门就可以离开故宫了。

From the meridian gate to enter the Forbidden City, and then along the central axis, in turn, to visit the jinshui bridge, the gate, taihe palace, zhonghe palace, Ming palace, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility, the imperial garden. Visiting the imperial garden, can pass to the left of the garden door into the east sixth in turn to visit the palace of gathering excellence, yi kun palace, YongShou palace, salty fu palace, longevity palace, tai chi temple, and then the right door to dry bright square, east into the inside the left door, can, in turn, to visit the jubilee palace, yonghe palace, palace, sunell group by the palace. Visiting the east sixth changqing gate along the east, and then enter the emperor extremely door, can visit Huangji Palace, tranquility and palace, actors floor, chang pavilion, temple raises a gender, the qianlong garden, zhen princess well, finally a zhen shun the west door the creature can leave the palace door.

今天我能给你们当导游我感到非常荣幸，我跟着大家一起游览了美丽的北京故宫，高兴的度过了一天。希望你们再来北京故宫的时候再请我当导游，我会更好地讲解美丽的故宫的。

Today I can give you when I feel very honored to guide, I followed all of you to visit the beautiful Beijing the imperial palace, spent a happy day. I hope you come back to Beijing the imperial palace please when I when the tour guide, I can better explain the beautiful palace.

大家好，我叫庞煜剑，也可以叫我庞导，下面我为大家当导游吧

大家看，我们现在来到的是故宫，故宫有两个名字除了故宫以外还叫紫禁城它位于北京市中心东西宽750米南北长960米面积达72万平方米是世界上规模最大的宫殿建筑物咱们数一数故宫的一共有多少间你一定数不过来吧故宫一共有9999间半的房间呢

故宫有许多的殿比如太和殿、中和殿、乾清门、养心殿等。这里是保和殿，大家向上看，保和殿为重檐歇山顶面阔九间。在原来是举行册立皇后、皇太子等大典时皇上更衣的地方。

大家一定看到我的手指的那一座楼吧？那就是坤宁宫。在明朝，坤宁宫是皇后住的地方。清朝满族的习俗，将其改为祭神的场所，把冬暖阁作为皇上大婚的洞房。

出坤宁宫北行，我们来到的是御花园。它的门于东西六宫相通。这御花园规模宏大，长130米，宽90米。主要建筑钦安殿正处在中轴线上。明朝时。这里秋季大享及祭祀的场所，清代改为了寺庙。这里的大石堆是叠山堆秀，在那时是帝后嫔妃重阳登高的地方。与御花园是以建筑为的宫廷花园，山石树木安排有序，奇花异草争奇斗艳。

参观完了故宫，大家一定留下了很深刻的印象吧！让我一起保护它吧！

女士们、先生们：

我叫王?占危?蠹医形倚⊥蹙托辛恕=裉煊行遗阃?蠹乙坏啦喂郏?腋械胶芨咝恕U饫锞褪俏琶?澜绲墓使?┪锕荩?虺莆?使褪俏羧盏幕始夜?睢

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，又称为“紫禁城”(历代宫殿都象“象天立宫”，以表示君权“受命于天”)。由于君为天子，天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的“紫宫”禁地，故名“紫禁城”。故宫始建于明永乐四年(1406年)，永乐十八年(1420年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑面积15万多平方米，有房屋9999间，是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威，故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线，在这条中轴线上，按照“前朝后寝”的古制，布置着帝王发施令，象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北)，左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿—宁春宫，和以太妃居住的宫殿—慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要，这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙，四周有角楼，外有护城河。

故宫御花园，原名宫后苑，今俗称御花园，占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅，左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山，为太湖石叠砌而成，上筑御景亭，每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织，评定为“世界文化遗产”，是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

各位游客大家好，很高兴成为你们的导游，我叫陈子安，大家叫我陈导或小安都可以，我会尽自己全力为你们服务。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

北京故宫有很多古老的殿，有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿……

现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--——太和殿及其广场，这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。太和殿象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。后来，该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”，那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现。

好！这里可以拍远处太和殿的全景，各位可以在此留个影。

各位朋友，北京故宫到处都有美丽的景色说也说不尽，希望你们细细游赏、拍照。但是要注意不要乱扔垃圾那些，祝你们玩得开心！