故宫故宫导游词(推荐20篇)

(东路)沿着后花园主路东行。从后门进入东路。在门前有一处影壁墙，又称照壁。个位仔细看墙上的图案。大家会发现上面所雕绘的图案为仙鹤，而非我们在电视中常见的北京故宫中的龙图案。这也是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的区别之四。步入沈阳故宫的东路。映入我们眼帘的是一座气势恢宏广场建筑群。其主要建筑有大正殿，十王亭，銮驾库，奏乐亭构成。我们先来看看广场正面的大正殿。远观大正殿形如一座亭子。他的建筑学名称是：八角重檐攒尖顶大木架结构建筑，清代俗称为“八角殿”。它既是整个宫殿群中最先完成的建筑，也是装饰艺术和使用制度方面最具特色者之一。殿顶最高处是五彩琉璃宝顶，由宝瓶、相轮、火焰宝珠等几个主要部分构成，并装饰着浮雕云龙，色彩斑斓，美丽吉祥，是吸收了佛塔塔刹的艺术特色而精心设计的。同样精彩的是。紧贴宝顶下部的八条垂脊上，各立有一个彩色琉璃烧制的胡人力士，深目高鼻、紧衣小帽，虽然姿态各异，但都好像是在用力牵引绳索加固宝顶，构思巧妙，仪态生动，十分精彩。大政殿的两层殿顶都用琉璃瓦覆盖，装饰在殿顶垂脊部位的行龙脊兽、檐下的斗拱彩画，也都以其富丽和别致的风格，烘托出这座大殿的庄严神圣。大政殿外观共有内外两圈三十二根红柱，最引人注目的是南侧殿门外两柱上的金龙，昂首探爪仿佛正欲争攫中间的火焰宝珠，形态栩栩如生，具有极强的装饰效果。在殿柱顶端的外侧，各有相貌威猛、非狮非牛的兽面。据说这是藏传佛教传说中的一种神兽，把它装饰在建筑上，既能带来吉祥又可体现统治者的威严。大政殿内檐柱间的八面，各装有六扇隔扇门而并无砖墙，门的上半部是“斧头眼”式的棂格，下部裙板中间则各镶有木雕的金漆团龙图案，更增添了殿体周围的美感。夏天时将门卸下形如凉亭，通风效果极佳。冬天时内生火盆市内温暖如夏。大政殿建筑在须弥座台基上。四面都设有石阶踏跺，正南殿门前的一组中间是石雕云龙陛路，是皇帝出入大殿的御路。这里的石雕栏板、望柱、抱鼓、石狮等，都带有明末清初东北地区民间的风格，朴实生动，清新自然，具有很高的艺术价值。大正殿共有八面，四处台基，寓意大金国四平八稳。

我们走上大正殿参观。大政殿内是不设天棚的“彻上露明造”装修。八根十余米高的彩绘金龙大柱直插殿顶。穹顶正中是圆形的木雕金漆降龙藻井，周围的天花彩画，靠里侧的是万福万寿万禄万喜八个篆书汉字图案。外侧的一圈则分为八组，每组由一个梵文字图案和四个龙凤图案构成。这些精美别致的天花装饰，既具有富贵祥和的气氛，又带有神圣的宗教色彩。与之相呼应的，还有殿内各个方向姿态各异的云龙和兽面、莲花、如意等木雕装饰，成为融合多民族艺术风格的壮美景观。在殿内挂有康熙皇帝手书的对联“神圣相承恍睹开国宏猷一心一德;子孙是守长怀绍庭永祚卜世卜年。”

大正殿在建成之初叫做“大衙门”。因为早期满语中并没有与“殿”相应的词，而是用从汉文中音译的“衙门”一词来形容它，所以把“大殿”称为“大衙门”。皇帝地就在大正殿内处理政务。在大正殿的两侧分别排列有十座小亭。这就是有名的“大正殿十王亭”。大政殿和十王亭不仅体现了当时满族国家的政治特色，在建筑布局和风格上还具有浓厚的民族特色。史书中记载，努尔哈赤、皇太极率领八旗军队外出驻扎时搭设的蒙古包式帷幄，有时就是皇帝用大一些的“黄幄”，而八旗贝勒大臣们则分别用排列在其前两侧的八座“青幄”，大政殿和十王亭的排布、瓦色、造型都与之十分接近。因此，人们也把这“一殿十亭”叫做“帐殿式”布局，视为带有游牧狩猎民族特点的宫殿建筑的典范。

亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好。欢迎你们来故宫游玩。我叫李依璋，大家可以叫我李导或小李。今天由我带领大家一起探索世界遗产——故宫。

Dear friends, hello. You are welcome to visit the Forbidden City. My name is Li Yizhang, you can call me lee or xiao li. Led by me today everybody together to explore the world heritage - the Forbidden City.

我们先来了解一下故宫吧!故宫位于北京中心，旧称紫禁城。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。

We first to know about the Palace Museum! The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, used to be called the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City palace buildings are wood, yellow glazed tile roof, green white stone base, decorated with resplendent and magnificent painting.

现在我们在故宫内庭最前面的是乾清宫。乾清宫是内庭正殿，高20米。殿的正中央是宝座，内有“正大光明”匾。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫，清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官史和召见臣下。

Now we are in the front Chambers of the imperial palace is the palace of heavenly purity. Palace of heavenly purity is the main hall, the main of which was 20 metres high. The center of the temple is the throne, there are "legitimate" plaque. Palace of heavenly purity is the living quarters for the feudal emperor, the qing emperor kangxi to the emperor lived here before and dealing with affairs. After the qing yongzheng emperors moved to yangxin dian, but still played in the reviews, history and summoned liegeman appointed officer.

现在我们来到了坤宁宫，在故宫中间的是坤宁宫，雍正后，西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚洞房，康熙同治、光绪二帝，均在此举行婚礼。还有许多殿比如：东六宫、交泰殿、西六宫……

Now we came to the palace of earthly tranquility, in the Forbidden City is in the middle of the palace of earthly tranquility, yongzheng, west NuanGe for the sacrifice of the shaman. Its Middle East NuanGe for wedding bridal chamber, the emperor kangxi managment, two emperor, were held in the wedding. House there are many such as: east sixth, hand over tai temple, west sixth...

好啦，我的介绍就先到这里，请大家慢欣赏游玩。还有大家记住哦!在浏览时不乱扔垃圾，不触摸物品，不踩踏一草一木，这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。祝大家玩得开心，玩得尽兴。

Ok, I will first come here, please slowly appreciate. And you remember oh! When browsing dont litter, dont touch items, dont trample objects, so you can see the air has a history of the Forbidden City. I wish you all have fun and play.

各位游客们：

大家好!我叫杨昊杰，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我杨导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥，是因为古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。

好了，大家可以在这里休息一会，大家也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

The tourists, everyone! We want to visit is the world-famous ancient buildings - the Forbidden City

The Palace Museum is located in the centre of Beijing, is one of the five palace in the world, also known as "the Forbidden City." Here the emperor had more than twenty, emperor zhu di of the Ming dynasty, was the first one is the last emperor pu yi.

The imperial palace is the most complete ancient building in China, there is a central axis, well versed in the entire palace, palace, after the three main halls, imperial garden in the central axis. Three main halls are taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, they are in the palace ahead.

The hall of supreme harmony commonly known as during, the area is about 2380 square meters, is the area is one of the largest palaces in the Forbidden City. The back of the hall of supreme harmony is zhonghe palace, zhonghe palace there are 29 meters high, inside is a square. Baohe Palace is located in the hall of supreme harmony with zhonghe palace, Baohe Palace 27 meters high, inside is a rectangle, the qianlong era, here is a test area.

Three palace is the palace of heavenly purity, respectively, after the Thai temple and palace of earthly tranquility. Palace of heavenly purity is the place where the emperor lived, palace of earthly tranquility is where the queen lives. This house is not to live, it is also a palace, just and dry cleaning, palace of earthly tranquility together, so called after three palace.

Imperial garden is very big, covering an area of 120xx square meters, accounting for a quarter of the Forbidden City, it near CiNing palace garden, built the garden and tranquility. In this garden, the garden is the biggest of all.

The imperial palace is very beautiful, but visitors will put the food in the bag or other rubbish is thrown to the ground, make the environment of the Forbidden City is poor, we should well protect the beautiful ancient buildings.

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓宋，我刚做导游不久，所以请大家见谅我手里拿着导游词哈，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫50万人，我记得是100万人，肯定是导游词出错了，不好意思，我们继续，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。

故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的，布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制：前朝后寝，左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分，南半部位前朝，北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心，外东路、外西路的建筑为主，是皇帝处理日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的：在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙，西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。

按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体，所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中，成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。现在在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线，被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线，全长8.5公里，南起永定门，北到钟楼，其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉，线上的景山是内城的中心点，也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。

女士们、先生们:

进了故宫，大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢?因为明朝永乐年间，一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿，非常有名，每天都有数万名游客来这里观光。

故宫的面积约是天-安-门广场的两倍，比凡尔赛宫殿还大，是日本平安神宫的十倍左右。故宫的历史开始于570年前，请大家把思绪拉回到570年前来游览故宫吧!

这个建筑是故宫朝南的正门，叫作午门。午是正晌午时的午，是位于正中的意思。午门的下面，有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两侧的门;地方上的诸候只能使用最两端的小门。这些都是根据身份，等级来严格规定的。过去，只有皇后在结婚的时候，才能从午门进入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午门。当然现在是谁都可以进啦。过去对皇帝的心腹都是这样严厉，一般百姓就更不用提啦。连靠近故宫都不行。所以，这个故宫又被称作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。过去有天帝之子，老子住的地方当然也得是紫色的宫殿才中!于是，用了个紫字。禁就是禁止入内的禁字，也就是禁止随便进放的意思。

这正中的路是皇帝专用的。这条但是故宫的中轴线，也是整个北京城的中轴线。北京的主要建筑大多都沿着这个中轴线而建，两边的建筑也多是对称的。皇帝的宫殿位于这中轴线的中间，显示着”普天之下，唯我独尊”。这条路是用大理石铺成的。请看，这大理石路比两边的路高出一块儿来。当皇帝将走这段路时，还要在上面铺上地毯之类的东西，这样就高了。所以纵然皇帝身材短小，在这上面一走，也显得高大伟岸!

皇帝是了不起的”爷们儿”，这中间的门也是了不起的”爷门儿”。每当皇帝经过这中间的门时，都要敲响大钟、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就这样迈着步子:咚咚---咚咚咚咚---咚---咚真戳威严无比!皇帝打心眼儿里感觉到:看!还是老子伟大!下面，我们大家也假装当回皇帝，体会一下皇帝走路的感觉吧!

(在太和门前)这个建筑叫太和门，是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这个大门的前面，放有一对狮子，这是明代用青铜的。狮子强悍，吼声震天，使百兽惧怕，放在这里，代表着皇帝的威严。那里有个石头做的像邮筒似的东西，那是大臣，诸候求皇帝时，要写申请书放在里边，由皇帝的仆人转达给皇帝:”万岁，此人求见，可以吗?””好。””是，遵命。”就可以有进了。如果皇帝狱:”不行!”那求见的人就会被撵走。和它相对称的那边，还有一个石头做成的东西，它的形状像一个大印，象征着皇帝的权力。也就是说:老子的权力坚如磐石，不管世间有何变动，老子的权力永远不变!

(经过太和门之后)前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物。皇帝下令:任何人的房子也不能高出老子的房子。所以京城只好建了平房，北京过去曾被称为”平房之都”，下边的广场是太和殿广场，为什么要建这么大的广场呢?如果不建这个广场或是建个小广场，那么，人们就不会感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。只有建这么大的广场，站在这里向对面看去:蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。再加上下面白色的石台，给人以豪华绚烂之感。举行大典的时候，皇帝坐在太和殿正中的御座;文武百官跪伏在广常那时还要往石台上的大鼎里放入绿叶松枝燃烧，弄得烟雾缭绕，太和殿直就像云中楼阁一样，文武百官仰望着云中楼阁呼万岁，坐在御座上的皇帝感觉是多么良好，就可想而知啦。

(在太和殿广场)尽管故宫周围有十米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，皇帝还是担心有人挖地道钻进故宫暗杀他，吓得睡不好觉，，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，就是把广场用十五层砖横、竖交叉地铺严实了，才终于放下心来。从这件事也可以看出，当时的权力斗争是何等激烈!当然在大典时，文武百官三呼万岁，但皇帝还是怀有戒心:这里面，这家伙，那家伙，说不定哪个家伙想暗杀老子，不注意哪行!这广场的砖层大约有三、四米深。

(在太和殿的石台上)这个由石头做成的东西叫嘉量，嘉量是当时的标准度量衡，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤，谁八两，心里自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的东西，叫作日晷。发音和日记一样，但不是日记，是用来看时间的石头表。皇帝的意思是:重量和时间的基准都在老子这里。

那边有鹤和龟，”千年仙鹤，万年龟”，是长寿的象征。不过，中国和日本不同，是颠倒过来说的，叫作”万年仙鹤，千年龟”。为什么说法不一样呢?大概是过去日本的留学生在中国学了词句之后，乘船归国途中，由于船的颠簸使头脑产生混乱，记颠倒了。还有许多例子，如:日本讲良妻贤母，中国讲贤妻良母;日本讲平和，中国讲和平;日本讲-法政大学，而在中国叫作政法大学。文章的意思完全一样，但只是顺序不同，大概就是乘船颠簸所致。那鹤和龟不单是一种装饰物，也是一种香炉。它们的背都盖着盖儿，每当大典时，就把盖掀起来，放入檀香燃烧，那烟就从它们的嘴里缓缓溢出，就好像它们都在吞云吐雾一样。

请大家从石台上回头看广常我们进了故宫之后还没有看见过树。为什么在这么宽阔的地方连一树都不种呢?……不是为了防止暗杀，而是为了制造气氛。如果种了树，郁郁葱葱一片绿，鸟儿在上面又唱又叫的，就会呈现出生活的气息。如果不种绎，就会产生庄严的气氛。我们来想像一下:过去大臣、诸候要见皇帝时，全都得从天-安-门走着进来，走在宽阔的路上看着高大的建筑，在庄严肃穆的气氛中，大臣、诸候就会越走越感到压力沉重，当走到皇帝面前时，就会自然地双腿打着哆嗦跪下来了。

中国历史上最后一个皇帝---爱新觉罗.溥仪三岁时当上皇帝的，他即位时的御座就在太和殿的正中。现在开始五分钟自由活动，五分钟后在那凉快的地方集合。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

各位游客大家好!今天我们游览的是北京故宫。我是导游诗雨，大家叫我小诗就行了。希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

故宫，又称紫禁城，是中国明清两代的皇宫。它是世界上现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始于明永乐四年(公元1420xx年)，历时20xx年才完工。共有24位皇帝先后在此登基执政，统治中国长达500余年。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿故宫了。大家看，这四面墙就是宫墙了，而且宫墙四面者建有高大的城门，南为午武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，宫墙四门的角楼都是风格独特，造型绮丽的。现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官，发号施令，举行庆典的地方。全殿有11间房，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外净空高达14米，宽达63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。

保和殿，是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。

我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。朝清宫是明、清皇帝住的地方。大家知道吗?《还珠格格》这部电视剧就是故宫拍的。

规划严整，气魄雄伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐都属于无与论比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

各位游客，我们今天的浏览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家度过这段美好时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处，请您指正。祝大家玩得愉快!谢谢。

大家好!我是小吴，今天由我来带领大家游览沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年(1625年)，建成于清崇德元年(1636年)，是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用过的宫殿。清世祖福临也曾在这里继位，改元“顺治”、并于当年入关，统治全中国。沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，全部建筑计300多间，共组成20多个院落。按其布局，可分为东路、中路和西路三大部分。我们计划游用三个小时的时间去游览，现在我们已将到了，大家下车，先听我说几句。

首先，我告诉大家，注意的事项。第一，大家要紧跟我身后，不要走丢了。第二，要在规定的时间内集合，如果找不到了，请拨打我的手机。第三，不要乱扔东西，讲卫生。第四，保持安静，不要大喊大叫。好了，出发了。

沈阳故宫是中国现存仅次于北京故宫的最完整的皇宫建筑。在建筑艺术上承袭了中国古代建筑的传统，集汉、满、蒙族艺术为一体，具有很高的历史和艺术价值。

大家看，这座占地六万平方米的古建筑群始建于625年，建成于1636年，全部建筑90余所，300余间。清朝进关后对盛京皇宫又进行了保护和扩建，到乾隆时基本形成今日规模。

大家看，沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的太政殿、崇政殿，排如雁行的十王亭、万宇炕口袋房的清宁宫，古朴典雅的文朔阁，以及凤凰楼等高台建筑。在中国宫殿建筑史上，绝无仅有;那机富满族情调的“宫高殿低”的建筑风格，更是“别无分号”。

沈阳老城内的大街号“井”字形，故宫就设在“井”字形大街的中心，占地6万平方米，现有古建筑114座。主要建筑有大政殿，十王亭、大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫、文溯阁等。 大政殿是用来举行诸如颁布诏书、军队出征、迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等大典的地方。十王亭则是左右翼王和八旗大臣办事的地方。这种君臣合署办事于宫廷的现象，体现了创业初期君臣平等的历史，也是从打天下到坐天下的君臣平等的延续。到了入关后，从北京故宫开始，这种平等被逐渐打破，最终形成了高高在上的君王。

中间高耸的建筑是沈阳故宫里唯一的烟囱。故宫里每一个房间的炕火都从地下的通道汇聚到这个烟囱里，这是他们一统天下的思想的象征。这个烟囱共有11级，最上面一级只有三块砖构成。导游说，这个一统天下的烟囱反而成了清朝的谶语：清朝共有11位皇帝，最后的宣统帝只做了三年江山，就是那三块砖的预示。想当年努尔哈赤在修建这个一统天下烟囱的时候，如果早知如此，肯定会加多几层吧?!

下面，请大家自由参观。三个小时后在这里准时集合。

各位游客们，大家好!，在繁华的沈阳古城中心，有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。这里就是我们今天的目的地――沈阳故宫。

依建筑时间和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。今天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1625年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

大政殿两侧南向，十王亭呈燕翅排列。错落有致，如众星拱月，南宽北狭，似无穷无尽，象征兵多将广，万世绵延。十王亭是清朝入关前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宫内办公的地方。它们与大政殿构成了一组亭子式的院落建筑，反映了满族独特的军政体制――八旗制度，这在中国的历史上堪称独步天下。远在努尔哈赤立国之初，凡遇军国大事都由汗王与八旗贝勒大臣共同讨论决定。努尔哈赤定都沈阳后，在修建宫殿时便将这种“君臣合署办公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表现了八旗制度和“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的政体及军事民主的思想。因而形成了大政殿、十五亭这组独特的建筑，为中国宫殿建筑史写下了空前的一页。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了中路。从1626年皇太极继承汗位，即续建皇宫，形成沈阳故宫的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清门，后至清宁宫，院落三进，独成一体。大清门是沈阳故宫的正门，为皇帝临朝前，文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边，既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念，又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而形成了区别北京故宫的一个特点――宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。穿过大清门，北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。1635年，皇太极下令将族名‘女真”改为“满洲”。1636年皇太极在崇政殿登基称帝，上尊号“宽温仁圣”，将国号“金”改为“清”年号“天聪”改为“崇德”。

各位朋友，古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿，请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。穿过崇政殿两侧的左右翊门，举目可见位于3.8米高台之上的凤凰楼。楼后为帝后寝居的后宫――台上五宫。与崇政殿对比又形成了沈阳故宫不同于北京故宫的特点――“宫高殿低”。而北京故宫则恰恰相反，是“殿高官低”。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所，是当年沈阳城的最高建筑，诗称“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周，万般景物尽收眼底，可饱览盛京全景，也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。凤凰楼门洞上方悬有“紫气东来”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔。而乾隆皇帝则是借用这个典故寓意大清的国运兴起于东方。

各位朋友，穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后，我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。

现在请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫――清宁宫。清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”，是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室，二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九，皇太极在暖阁内驾崩，终年52岁，后葬于沈阳昭陵，即北陵。

清宁东次间开门，是典型的满族民居――口袋房，西四门南西北三面都设火炕，称“万字炕”。与汉族有所不同的是，满族人将烟囱建在屋后，而且从地面向上垒起。这种“口袋房，万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上”的建筑特点具有浓郁的满族风格了。

各位朋友，现在请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年，主要包括：戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。说起文溯阁，我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要，乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书，历经十余年时间编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部，所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后，抄录七部，在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏，沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。提起宫殿建筑，我们很容易想起“红墙绿瓦”、“金壁辉煌’这类词汇。而文溯阁却与众不同，屋顶用黑琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，整个建筑以黑绿两色为主色调，这与它的用途是分不开的。文溯阁藏书忌火，依据五行字说立色配饰，装修取《易经》“北方壬癸水”其色属黑，因此屋顶用黑色琉璃瓦，寓意水从天降，消灭火灾。文溯阁外观为两层，内部实为三层，书架上的木盒称函匣，用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到这里，我们今天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的，布局却是一气呵成，完整和谐。特别是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”，从总体来看，沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起――兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位游客，我们今天的参观就要结束了，希望故宫之行能给您留下美好的回忆。

各位朋友：

过一会儿我们将参观故宫博物馆，现在我先为大家简单介绍。

故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群，故宫又叫紫禁城。“紫”是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，那么人间的帝王当然要与“紫”字沾边。“禁”是指当时那里守卫森严，不要说是普通百姓，即使是高官大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城，否则就会引来杀身之祸，是皇家“禁”地，所以又称为紫禁城，整座城池建成于1420年，位于天安门广场北侧。故宫平面呈长方形，南北长960米，东西宽750米，全面积72万平方米。整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕，城墙高10米，可谓是“城高池宽”。在故宫城楼的四周各有一座被称为九梁十八柱七十二条脊的精美角楼。

故宫开四门，坐北朝南，南门为午门，即正门，北门为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外，故宫内还有很多其它各式各样、用途不一的大小宫殿。

据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半，够多吧!打个比方说吧，如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不同的房间，等他住遍所有房间后已经是一个27岁的年轻人啦!如此规模的建筑群，所用的人力、物力、财力是可想而知的，故宫自1407年开始筹建，至1420年完工，历时十余年。

施工中征集全国著名工匠10万多

大家好!我是你们的导游——杨逸洲。今天，我将带你们去闻名中外的紫禁城(故宫)游览，请大家不要掉队。上车吧，祝大家旅途愉快!

大家看见那一排排的宫殿了吗?那就是紫禁城。紫禁城建于明永乐四年，也就是1420xx年，永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。至今已有600多年的历史。紫禁城东西宽750米，南北长960米，总面积约72万多平方米，现存宫殿8700多间。

让我们进入紫禁城吧。看见了吗?那是午门，是用于举行重要典礼的场所：战争凯旋时，在此举行受俘礼;清代每年十月初一，在此举行朔典礼，向全国颁发次年的历年;立春之日，京师大兴、宛平两县的县令，将象征春耕的春牛、春山进献给当朝皇帝。午门的那三个主门洞，中间的门洞是专供皇帝出入的御门洞。旁边两个门洞是由文武大臣、宗室王公出入的。

穿过午门，那几座建在内金水河上的汉白玉石桥，都看见了吧?那便是金水桥，桥上雕刻着几十条生动的蟠龙。和午门的道理一样，中间的桥叫作御路桥，也是专供皇帝通过的。正前方，便是太和门。看见太和门前陈放着的两只青铜狮子了吗?不错，此为明代遗物，也是中国现存最大的青铜狮子。它们成双成对，左雄右雌，雄狮踏绣球，象征权利，代表寰宇一统;雌狮逗小狮，寓意子孙昌盛。

好了，让我们继续向前参观。瞧，那就是太和殿。它总占地面积达2377平方米，总高度35.05米。看到太和殿的正脊两端了吗?都装饰有仿神兽的龙形大吻。它张口吞脊，尾部上卷，背插露出剑柄的宝剑，然后锁以铁链。古代建筑师将它安置在屋上正脊处，的确降低了大殿遭遇雷击的机率。当然这不是神物显灵，而是因为锁着金属链条，几乎与现代避雷针存在异曲同工之妙!

大家好!我是本次的导游，您可以称呼我为小王。一会儿，我们就要到闻名全国、并被誉为世界五大宫之首的北京故宫了。

大家注意了，大家如果不想让垃圾包围故宫，那就别乱扔垃圾。有孩子的旅客也要照顾好小朋友。

首先我要向您介绍一下它的历史：北京故宫，又名紫禁城。今天，人们把它称为故宫，意思便是过去皇上住的皇宫了，它还是现存世界上最大、也是最完整的古代建筑。故宫面积约是723，600 平方米。相传故宫共有9999间房。故宫宫殿的建筑则是清一色的木结构、黄色琉璃以及青白石底座和金碧辉煌的彩画。

来自世界各地的游客们：

你们好!

欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自河北的袁导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1406年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变成富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

我们说完了北京故宫的历史，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门，四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

各位来自世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自南昌的导游甜心_公主，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是此刻说的1406年至1420年，之后经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的十分的富丽堂皇，但仍持续着原先的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，此刻该说说外观和排列顺序了把!这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。听完了一以上那些，你就应对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不明白把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

请大家跟着我的脚步，我们面前的就是著名的故宫博物院。好，跨进这个大门，我们就来到故宫到廷三大殿中最大的一殿——太和殿，民间俗称“金銮殿”。

它建于明永乐十八年也就是1420xx年，清康熙三十四年就是1695年重建，大家猜猜太和殿高多少，面积多少呢?没错，它高35米左右，面积有2377平方米，差不多有55间教室那么大，由72根大柱支撑着全部重量，是故宫中最高大建筑。你们瞧!里面装饰得金碧辉煌，正中间一个有宝座，宝座并置于6根盘龙金柱之间，以突出帝王唯我独尊的地位。九龙宝座用楠木雕龙涂金而成，可精致了!

故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫，就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。

故宫始建于1420xx年，1420xx年竣工。这片堪称世界最宏伟的宫殿建筑群，南北长961米，东西宽753米，建筑面积有15.5万平方米，内有大小院落九十多座，房屋980间。都是用上等木材、琉璃瓦顶、青白的石座与各种金碧辉煌的彩画交相辉映，尽显出故宫的富贵荣华。故宫很大，它的庞大往往超出了人们的想象范畴。东华门，午门、西华门、神武门分守故宫东南西北4个方向。故宫内部可分为“外朝“与“内廷“两部分。外朝以太宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是皇帝与后妃的住所。后人不远千里迢迢来到这座红色城池前瞻仰、游览、触摸、感怀!

北京故宫，旧称紫禁城，是中国明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫。是无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，也是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群。 故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。被誉为世界五大宫之一(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫)。

故宫的建筑沿着一条南北向中轴线排列并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分，以乾清门为界，乾清门以南为外朝，以北为内廷。外朝、内廷的建筑气氛迥然不同。 故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。面对北门神武门，有用土、石筑成的景山，满山松柏成林。 外朝以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心，其中三大殿中的"太和殿”俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行朝会 的地方，也称为“前朝”。是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。此外两翼东有文华殿、文渊阁、上驷院、南三所;西有武英殿、内务府等建筑。

建筑造型宏伟壮丽，庭院明朗开阔，象征封建政权至高无上。 内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，两翼为养心殿、东六宫、西六宫、斋宫、毓庆宫，后有御花园。是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。内廷东部的宁寿宫是当年乾隆皇帝退位后养老而修建。内廷西部有慈宁宫、寿安宫等。此外还有重华宫，北五所等建筑。庭院深邃，建筑紧凑，自成一体，秩序井然。

各位游客，大家好。我是东厦旅行社的导游，名字叫余旭芸，大家叫我余导游就行了。今天，我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿--北京故宫。

北京故宫始建于1420xx年，建成于1420xx年，是明清两朝的皇宫，又名紫禁城。故宫占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，屋子有9999间半。故宫四周饶10米高的城墙，外有50多米宽的护河城。现在，我们已经来到了北京故宫门前。各位游客们，你们看，这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼。现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方。它们主要有三大殿:太和殿。中和殿。保和殿。现在，我们已经来到了太和殿，它是三大殿中最为高大的，它金碧辉煌，非常好看。看，这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏，称为望柱，柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画。非常显目且好看。我们出出进进都有四个门:南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。其中午门为正门。

Everybody is good! I am Forbidden City tourism YanJian you can call me xiaoyan tour guide, I want to go with you today Beijing famous scenic spots: the Forbidden City. We went there today: taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace.

I mainly introduce the palace first: Beijings Forbidden City, is one of the worlds largest and best preserved ancient palace complex, is the highest level of ancient Chinese architecture. Beijing the imperial palace, the Ming dynasty yongle four years (1406), was built in the eighteenth year (1420), is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, the timely according to the Forbidden City, beginning in 1925, according to the Forbidden City. Ancestor cheng, Beijing from 1421 to 1911 revolution to overthrow the qing government, the last emperor pu yi out of the palace, to end the rule of feudal dynasty in Chinese history, the palace has been the ruling class of the political and cultural center of China, has experienced the 24 emperors.

The Palace Museum covers an area of 720xx0 square meters, construction area of 150000 square meters, the existing buildings of more than 980, have house more than 8700, around the Forbidden City around 10 meters high walls, and there are more than 50 meters wide moat. The middle of the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace was built in the city, to the north and the south central axis, faces south, which fully reflect the supreme imperial power of the feudal rule, outside the Forbidden City is emperor city, outside the imperial city and Beijing city, the city surrounded by city, shows the guarded hierarchy. In history, the Forbidden City has repeatedly reconstruction for fire and other reasons, but the basic pattern has not changed, the entire palace after the building is divided into north and south power at the two parts. Power with taihe, neutralization, and three main halls, are the three main halls in the Forbidden Citys tallest building, it is the place where the emperor held a major ceremony, is the symbol of the feudal imperial power.

Back to the palace of heavenly purity, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility of delivery as the center, around something natural to wing, is the emperor, empress, wives, princess lived. Power after the katyn, clear-cut, cannot overstep casually, embodies the ancient Chinese traditional hierarchical, both inside and outside have other ethics. Craftsman will such a large scale of Chinese architecture planning in order to use heavy doors and courtyard to the imperial palace and orderly combination into the magnificent buildings. The Forbidden City planning and construction of the Ming and qing dynasty, not only inherited the tradition of ancient Chinese architecture, the development and innovation, is the ancient Chinese culture and the achievements of the ancient Chinese architectural art. Its indoor and outdoor architectural space combination, the collocation of cubic construction size, the use of materials, the sketch of the display, decoration, the choice of the color are reached the high level, the exciting art effect.

今天我们游览的是沈阳故宫。 沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一，沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米，有古建筑114座，500多间，至今保存完好，是一处包含着丰富历史文化内涵的古代遗址。 沈阳故宫初建时叫“盛京宫阙”，清迁都北京后又称“陪都宫殿”、“留都宫殿”，并被誉为“国初圣迹”。它始建于1625年(后金天命十年)建成于1636年(清崇德元年)，是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用的宫殿，1643年清世祖福临当年也是在这里即位称帝，改元“顺治”。所以沈阳也可以说是“一朝发祥地，三代帝王都”。

沈阳故宫占地面积6万多平方米，全部建筑100余所，500多间，按其布局可分为东路、中路和西路三部分。

东路就是我们面前所看到的这部分建筑，它是努尔哈赤时期所建，具有浓郁的满族特色。东路的建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭，大家看到广场中间的那个八角殿就是大政殿，大政殿又叫“大衙门”、“笃恭殿”，是努尔哈赤听政办公的地方。

大政殿外高18米，下有1.5米高须弥座式台基，周围绕以雕刻精美的青石围栏。是一座八角重檐攒尖顶亭子式建筑，殿顶是黄琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，正中为宝瓶火焰珠攒尖顶，(宝瓶为佛教法器，被视为神圣之物，火焰珠为如意珠，据说得此珠者可以满足各种欲望。)重檐上下各有八条五彩琉璃垂脊，垂脊上各站着一个蒙古力士，面侧对宝顶，腿略弯曲，侧身牵引，象征着“八方归一”。

两旁分列的10个亭子就是十王亭，从整体建筑布局上看，大正殿居中。两旁分列10个亭子，从北向南，呈八字形展开，在视觉上使大正殿更为深远，这种空间处理方式在中国宫殿建筑中仅此一例。十王亭又称“八旗亭”，有的游客可能会想八旗亭(东边为左翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、正白旗亭、镶白旗亭、正蓝旗亭。西边为右翼王婷、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭)该有八个亭子，那另外两个是什么亭子呢?在临近大正殿的左右两端的亭子分别是左翼王亭和右翼王亭，是左右两翼王爷办公的地方，八旗亭是八旗旗主办公的地方。

这种把汗王听证的大殿与八旗王公大臣候朝议事的亭子建在一起的格局，正是努尔哈赤崛起之初实行军政合一的八旗制度所决定的。反映了努尔哈赤晚年一汗独尊，八和硕贝勒共治国政的历史风貌。

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大家往西走来到的就是沈阳故宫的中路，中路的建筑主要是皇太极时期所建，在这里上演了很多的历史故事。沈阳故宫中路建筑自成体系，共有三进院落。由南向北依次是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫，他们都排列在一条中轴线上，两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门就是沈阳故宫的正门，俗称午门，我们刚刚就是从那进到故宫里面的，(大清门为五间硬山式建筑)，在当时大清门是不可以像现在一样随便进出的。大清门不仅是当时文武群臣候朝的地方。也是皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。当年，明朝著名将领洪承畴、祖大寿等降清后，就是跪在大清门前谢罪请降，候旨传召，受到皇太极的接见的。而当官员升迁或是获罪恩免时也都要在这里遥向北门“崇政殿”叩谢天恩。

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大家看我们面前的这座庄严的大殿就是崇政殿，崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。崇政殿为五间九凛硬山式建筑，最引人注目的地方是殿顶的黄琉璃瓦绿剪边，墀头、搏风、鸱吻、山顶、殿脊的五彩琉璃构件，以及浮雕的各色行龙和奇花瑞兽，使得整个大殿更显高贵、肃穆，非常壮观。崇政殿另一个匠心之处就是前后的2根外檐柱上端的抱头梁部位做成龙形，龙首从柱头探出，龙身则穿过廊间直通殿内，两两相对，姿态生动，仿佛群龙从大殿飞腾而出，具有结构和装饰双重功能，设计的十分巧妙。

绕过崇政殿我们看到的这座高大建筑就是凤凰楼，凤凰楼的前庭处于“前朝后寝”的中间，是一个过渡性的院落，凤凰楼建在3.8米高的青砖台基上，台基共有24个台阶象征着24节气，每过24节气即过一年，皇帝每天都踩着这24节台基，寓意着大清的江山能历经千秋万代，凤凰楼是一座三层歇山式建筑，全高18.31米，原名叫“凤翔楼”，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。1743年(乾隆八年)改成今名，凤凰楼正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”金字横匾，是乾隆皇帝御笔，意思是大清朝国力强盛的福气是从东方的盛京来的，表达了清代帝王对祖先创业之地的顶礼膜拜。凤凰楼既是后宫的大门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓月”、“凤楼观塔”的传称，并被列为盛京八景之一。

穿过凤凰楼，我们现在所处的就是皇太极的后宫，是皇太极和后妃们的住所，后宫的整体建筑都高于前朝的宫殿，这种“宫高殿低”的特色反映了满族的则高而居的传统生活习惯。

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对于后宫的特色建筑流行这样一句话：口袋房，万字炕，烟囱落在地面上。

什么是口袋房呢?大家看我们面前的这座五间硬山前后廊式建筑就是清宁宫，大家看清宁宫一共有五间，而门并不是开在中间一间，而是设在东二间的南面，形如口袋。清宁宫原叫“正宫”，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后(博尔济吉特氏)的寝宫，(称暖阁)1643年(崇德八年)皇太极就端坐在南炕无疾而终。后葬于昭陵。

万字炕又是怎么一回事呢?大家看清宁宫的西三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，形如“万”字，所以人们就俗称为“万字炕”，那“烟囱落在地面上”又是怎么一回事呢?清宁宫的烟囱在清宁宫的后面，是从地面上垒起的，略低于房脊，一会我们可以绕过去看看。

在当时是有这样一种禁令，所有百姓家的烟囱是不允许高过皇宫的烟囱的，寓意着大清王朝“一统天下”，

清宁宫两侧的东西配宫，(东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫，西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫)是妃子们所居住的地方，其中最为著名的是庄妃居住的永福宫，因为1638年(崇德三年)清世祖福临就出生在永福宫。

(刚刚有游客问清宁宫庭院正门的南端的那根很高杆子是干什么的，那是索伦杆，满族人称它为“神杆”是满族人用来祭天的。祭天时在顶端的锡斗里放上五谷杂粮和猪的杂碎，已敬乌鸦，这反映了满族萨满教的灵禽崇拜观念，据说也和乌鸦救主的传说相关。)

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接下来我们来到的是沈阳故宫西路，西路建筑是为了适应皇帝东巡的需求而增建的，建于乾隆年间，主要建筑有文溯阁，戏台、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等，套院相接，多尔不乱，是文化气息较浓之处。

文溯阁建于1781年(乾隆46年)至1783年(乾隆48年)，为西路建筑中的主体建筑，是仿照明代浙江宁波的大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”修建的，专门收藏乾隆时期编撰的大型图书《四库全书》，也是全国存放《四库全书》的著名七阁之一，阁名是乾隆帝钦定的，因其位于祖宗的发祥地“盛京”，所以取之“溯源求本”之意命名“文溯阁”。(《四库全书》分经、史、子、集四大部分，结构严谨，是我国古代文献中的珍贵遗产，对于弘扬和传播民族文化具有重要意义。)《四库全书》共撰写七部，其中一部就藏在文溯阁，1966年10月，基于战备考虑，辽宁省将《四库全书》秘密运至兰州，后移交到甘肃省图书馆。

文溯阁是硬山式建筑，面阔6间，外面看是重檐2层，在里面看则是3层，带有明显的江南建筑风格样式。与沈阳故宫其他建筑不同，文溯阁顶盖上用的是黑琉璃瓦绿剪边，这在沈阳故宫建筑中是独一无二的。根据五行八卦之说，黑是代表水，书最忌火，以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。

文溯阁东方有方形碑亭一座，内立石碑一块。正面刻有乾隆帝撰写的《御制文溯阁碑记》，背面刻有乾隆撰写的《宋孝宗论》。碑文详细记录了建阁经过和《四库全书》的收藏情况。

文溯阁后为养媳在，是皇帝读书之所，阁前宫门外有嘉荫堂，左右有出廊，南面还有戏台，是乾隆、嘉庆时期皇帝东巡赏戏的场所。

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各位游客朋友们，我的讲解到此结束，接下来大家可以自由活动，但是请大家一定要注意人身及财物安全，请大家谨记我们的集合时间和地点，谢谢大家!