故宫故宫导游词（热门20篇）

大家好，我是你们的导游。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首，又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫，是世界上现存最大，最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看，故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量，故宫有打大小院90多座，房屋980多座共8070间。

大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门，它高12米，可想而知，它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看，经过几百年的风吹雨打，它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶，当时，黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。

现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场，官员站的位置也很有讲究：文官站右，武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上，会看见精雕细琢的图案，它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走

现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾，龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳，是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧，那只黄龙居中，前爪作出环抱的样子，后足分撅海水，龙身弯曲，瞠目张颌，好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰，双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙，好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央，我也要!大家参观时不要摸，这样颜色会脱掉的，爱护文物，从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。

(玩了一会)

本次旅游到此结束，谢谢各位参观，再见!

现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。我们到了，大家请下车。您看，这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙，都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，金碧辉煌的彩画，。第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

各位游客，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”——北京故宫。今天能当大家的导游我感到十分荣幸，我将竭诚为大家服务，让大家度过美好的故宫之旅。

各位朋友，这里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420xx年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。

故宫第一进院落，就在我们面前，是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

听完了一以上那些介绍，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

游客们，我谢谢你们来到故宫，故宫是中国的，也是全人类的，让我们共同爱惜她，享受她，一睹她雄伟壮丽的景色!

太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑、只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用、象征皇权的至高无上、太和殿俗称金銮殿、是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作、太和殿始建于1420年、当时叫奉天殿、后来、改叫皇极殿、清顺治皇帝登基后、重修三大殿、并将皇极殿改为太和殿、意思是、宇宙间的一切关系都可以得到协调的意思、后来康熙年间又重修第二次、才有今天的规模、它是紫禁城内大殿之最、装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺、殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶、就连大殿上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的、总之出处显示“第一”、那是“老子天下第一”思想的体现、

大殿内的陈设简单而又富丽堂皇、地上是“金砖漫地”、皇帝的九龙宝座位于二米高的楠木高台上、皇帝升座后、颇有居庙堂之高、君临天下之威风、宝座前陈设有宝象、仙鹤、香亭等物品、都取其美好的寓意、

在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只乌龟和仙鹤、取之龟鹤延年之意、江山社稷万代相传、此外、还有日晷、嘉量、是古代的计时工具和计量器具、象征皇帝公正无私、对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的、

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场。

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

大家现在看到的是坤宁宫、坤宁宫是在紫禁城内居住的地方、坤宁即是像大地一样宁静、安忍不动、意思是说皇后是后宫之主、母仪天下、应该有大地一样安忍不动的胸怀、后来、自雍正皇帝开始坤宁宫西部改成了萨满教的祭祀场所、东部改为皇帝大婚的洞房。

大家好欢迎来到世界遗产长城，我是钟鑫雨大家能够叫我小钟。长城是世界的遗产，它无比的长，像一条长龙盘旋在山腰，长城是古代劳动人民建筑的，只要想到有很多人死在那里，情绪就无比的沉重。

那是没有举重机等一切有用的工具，机器，只靠无数双手无数肩膀，不怕严寒酷暑，付出多少人民的鲜血才凝结成这前不见头后不见尾的万里长城。所以请游客们保护好我们的万里长城。小朋友们请紧跟着大家走，以免走丢，也不要在洁白的墙砖上乱涂乱画，这是对古代劳动人民的不尊重。

长城有很多的景点，说也说不完看也看不够。此刻请大家尽情的去欣赏长城的美景吧!也请大家在游玩的时候不要乱丢果皮纸屑等一切垃圾，否则我们美丽的长城就变成垃圾厂了，如果乱丢果皮，别人踩到就会滑倒，为了游客们的安全问题，请不要到危险的地方去玩耍拍照。长城的美景等待着你们，快去参观吧!下午三点在那里集合，祝大家玩的愉快!

各位游客们： 大家好!我叫张豪乾，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我张导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。 北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。

故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。

桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。

故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。 好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

各位来自世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自南昌的导游甜心X公主，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了把!这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

家好!我是本次导游赵虹杰，大家必须都明白北京的故宫吧没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧……

由天安门进入，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼，穿过午门，有广阔的大庭院，在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中，有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门，就进入了故宫的“外朝”，故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，也称为“前朝”。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事，听说它被天火焚毁过三次，也修好过三次，并且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫，绕过内廷，我们最之后到了御花园，御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来，会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。

游览故宫，能够从天安门进，也能够由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力，想要知识更广，大家就再细细去游赏吧!

故宫位于北京市中心，也称“紫禁城”。这里曾居住过24个皇帝，是明清两代(公元1368～1920xx年)的皇宫，现辟为“故宫博物院”。故宫的整个建筑金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，被誉为世界五大宫之一(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫)，并被联合国科教文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。 故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积达72万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，被称为“殿宇之海”，气魄宏伟，极为壮观。无论是平面布局，立体效果，还是形式上的雄伟堂皇，都堪称无与伦比的杰作。 一条中轴贯通着整个故宫，这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿两旁，还对称分布着许多殿宇，也都宏伟华丽。这些宫殿可分为外朝和内廷两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英殿为两翼。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，东西六宫为两翼，布局严谨有序。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼，建造精巧美观。宫城周围环绕着高10米，长3400米的宫墙，墙外有52米宽的护城河。 现在，故宫的一些宫殿中设立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、玩物馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等，收藏有大量古代艺术珍品，据统计共达1052653件，占中国文物总数的六分之一，是中国收藏文物最丰富的博物馆，也是世界著名的古代文化艺术博物馆，其中很多文物是绝无仅有的无价国宝。

故宫建筑形式

故宫严格地按《周礼·考工记》中“前朝后寝，左祖右社”的帝都营建原则建造。整个故宫，在建筑布置上，用形体变化、高低起伏的手法，组合成一个整体。在功能上符合封建社会的等级制度。同时达到左右均衡和形体变化的艺术效果。中国建筑的屋顶形式是丰富多彩的，在故宫建筑中，不同形式的屋顶就有10种以上。以3大殿为例，屋顶各不相同。故宫建筑屋顶满铺各色琉璃瓦件。主要殿座以黄色为主。绿色用于皇子居住区的建筑。其它蓝、紫、黑、翠以及孔雀绿、宝石蓝等五色缤纷的琉璃，多用在花园或琉璃壁上。太和殿屋顶当中正脊的两端各有琉璃吻兽，稳重有力地吞住大脊。吻兽造型优美，是构件又是装饰物。一部分瓦件塑造出龙凤、狮子、海马等立体动物形象，象征吉祥和威严，这些构件在建筑上起了装饰作用。

故宫前部宫殿，当时建筑造型要求宏伟壮丽，庭院明朗开阔，象征封建政权至高无上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心，四角上各有十只吉祥瑞兽，生动形象，栩栩如生。故宫的设计者认为这样以显示皇帝的威严，震慑天下。后部内廷却要求庭院深邃，建筑紧凑，因此东西六宫都自成一体，各有宫门宫墙，相对排列，秩序井然，再配以宫灯联对，绣榻几床，都是体现适应豪华生活需要的布置。内廷之后是宫后苑。后苑里有岁寒不雕的苍松翠柏，有秀石迭砌的玲珑假山，楼、阁、亭、榭掩映其间，幽美而恬静。

故宫宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。

故宫是几百年前劳动人民智能和血汗的结晶。初建时被奴役的劳动者有工匠十万，夫役百万。在当时社会生产条件下，能建造这样宏伟高大的建筑群，充分反映了中国古代劳动人民的高度智能和创造才能。同时，为了修建故宫，如所需的木材，在明代时，大多采自四川、广西、广东、云南、贵州等地，无数劳动人民被迫在崇山峻岭中的原始森林里，伐运木材。所用石料多采自北京远郊和距京郊二三百里的山区。每块石料往往重达几吨甚至几十、几百吨，如现在保和殿后檐的台阶，有一块云龙雕石重约250吨。

建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。它标志着中国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

站在高山上看故宫，根本看不到一个窗户，是为了防止刺客找路。大门前有两个铁缸，是防火的，里面盛满了水。

故宫四门

故宫有四个大门，正门名为午门。其平面为凹形，宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼，角楼高27.5米，十字屋脊，三重檐迭出，四面亮山，多角交错，是结构奇丽的建筑。

故宫的正门叫“午门”，俗称五凤楼。东西北三面以12米高的城台相连，环抱一个方形广场。有1组建筑。正中有重楼，是9间面宽的大殿，重檐庑殿顶，在左右伸出两阙城墙上，建有联檐通脊的楼阁四座，明廊相连，两翼各有13间的殿屋向南伸出，四隅各有高大的角亭，辅翼着正殿。这种形状的门楼称为“阙门”，是中国古代大门中最高级的形式。这组城上的建筑，形势巍峨壮丽，是故宫宫殿群中第一高峰。午门是皇帝下诏书、下令出征的地方。每遇宣读皇帝圣旨，颁发年历书，文武百官都要齐集午门前广场听旨。午门当中的正门平时只有皇帝才可以出入，皇帝大婚时皇后进一次，殿试考中状元、榜眼、探花的三人可以从此门走出一次。文武大臣进出东侧门，宗室王公出入西侧门。

后门“神武门”，明朝时为“玄武门”，玄武为古代四神兽之一，从方位上讲，左青龙，右白虎，前朱雀，后玄武，玄武主北方，所以帝王宫殿的北宫门多取名“玄武”。清康熙年间因避讳改称“神武门”。神武门也是一座城门楼形式，用的最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶，但它的大殿只有五开间加围廊，没有左右向前伸展的两翼，所以在形制上要比午门低一个等级。神武门是宫内日常出入的门禁。现神武门为故宫博物院正门。

东华门与西华门遥相对应，门外设有下马碑石，门内金水河南北流向，上架石桥1座，桥北为三座门。东华门与西华门形制相同，平面矩形，红色城台，白玉须弥座，当中辟3座券门，券洞外方内圆。城台上建有城楼，黄琉璃瓦重檐庑殿顶，城楼面阔5间，进深3间，四周出廊。

在午门以内，有广阔的大庭院，当中有弧形的内金水河横亘东西，北面就是外朝宫殿大门——太和门，左右各有朝房 廊庑。金水河上有5座桥梁，装有白色汉白玉栏杆，随河宛转，形似玉带。

三大殿

太和门内，在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中，是外朝的中心：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，统称三大殿(明朝称：奉天殿、华盖殿、谨身殿，嘉靖时改名：皇极殿、中极殿、建极殿。现名为清朝时名称)。这3座大殿是故宫中的主要建筑，它们高矮造型不同，屋顶形式也不同，显得丰富多样而不呆板。

太和殿和中和殿、保和殿都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的工字形基台上，太和在前，中和居中，保和在后。远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。基台三层重迭，每层台上边缘都装饰有汉白玉雕刻的栏板、望柱和龙头，三台当中有三层石阶雕有蟠龙，衬托以海浪和流云的“御路”。在25000平方米的台面上有透雕栏板1415块，雕刻云龙翔凤的望柱1460个，龙头1138个。用这样多的汉白玉装饰的三台，造型重迭起伏，这是中国古代建筑上具有独特风格的装饰艺术。而这种装饰在结构功能上，又是台面的排水管道。在栏板地栿石下，刻有小洞口;在望柱下伸出的龙头也刻出小洞口。每到雨季，3台雨水逐层由各小洞口下泄，水由龙头流出，千龙喷水，蔚为壮观。这是科学而又艺术的设计。

太和殿

太和殿(明朝称奉天殿、皇极殿)，俗称“金銮殿”，太和殿高35.05米，东西63米，南北35米，面积约2380多平方米。长宽之比为9：5，寓意为之尊。面积是紫禁城诸殿中最大的一座，而且形制也是最高规格，最富丽堂皇的建筑。太和殿是五脊四坡大殿，从东到西有一条长脊，前后各有斜行垂脊两条，这样就构成五脊四坡的屋面，建筑术语上叫庑殿式。檐角有10个走兽(分别为 龙、凤、狮子、天马、海马、狻猊、押鱼、獬豸、斗牛、行什)，为中国古建筑之特例。大约从14世纪明代起，重檐庑殿是封建王朝宫殿等级最高的形式。太和殿有直径达1米的大柱72根，其中6根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。殿内有沥粉金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井，殿中间是封建皇权的象征——金漆雕龙宝座，设在殿内高2米的台上，安放着金漆雕龙宝座，御座前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，背后是雕龙屏。太和殿是故宫中最大的木结构建筑，是故宫最壮观的建筑，也是中国最大的木构殿宇。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。太和殿是皇帝举行重大典礼的地方。即皇帝即位、生日、婚礼、元旦等都在这里庆祝。

中和殿

中和殿(明朝称华盖殿、中极殿)是故宫三大殿之一，位于太和殿后。中和殿高27米，平面呈正方形，面阔、进深各为3间，四面出廊，金砖铺地，建筑面积580㎡。黄琉璃瓦单檐四角攒尖顶，正中有鎏金宝顶。四脊顶端聚成尖状，上安铜胎鎏金球形的宝顶，建筑术语上叫四角攒尖式。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。皇帝在去太和殿之前先在此稍作停留，接受内阁大臣和礼部官员行礼，然后进太和殿举行仪式。另外，皇帝祭祀天地和太庙之前，也要先在这里审阅一下写有祭文的“祝版”;在到中南海演耕前，也要在这里审视一下耕具。

保和殿

保和殿(明朝称谨身殿、建极殿)也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。保和殿高29米，平面呈长方形，面阔9间，进深5间，建筑面积1240㎡。黄琉璃瓦重檐歇山式屋顶。屋顶正中有一条正脊，前后各有2条垂脊，在各条垂脊下部再斜出一条岔脊，连同正脊、垂脊、岔脊共9条，建筑术语上叫歇山式。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。保和殿也是科举考试举行殿试的地方。

内廷

故宫建筑的后半部叫内廷，内廷宫殿的大门——乾清门，左右有琉璃照壁，门里是后三宫。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，东西两翼有东六宫和西六宫，是皇帝处理日常政务之处也是皇帝与后妃居住生活的地方。后半部在建筑风格上同于前半部。前半部建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟，以象征皇帝的至高无上。后半部内廷则富有生活气息，建筑多是自成院落，有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。

清代在隆宗门曾发生过一场激烈的战斗。嘉庆十八年(1820xx年)，中原一带发生“天理教”农民起义，农民领袖林清策划并领导京畿一支队伍直接攻打紫禁城。九月十四日，起义军乔装打扮，兵分两路，计划从东、西华门进入宫城。西华门一支在内应太监刘得才、刘金等人引领下迅速攻打到隆宗门，并在此展开激战。此次紫禁城之变，“酿成汉、唐、宋、明未有之事”，嘉庆皇帝破例向天下发了“罪己诏”。至今隆宗门匾额上留有箭头，相传即这次战斗的遗迹。箭头位于匾额的左下侧。

乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。乾清宫是内廷正殿，高20米。重檐庑殿顶。殿的正中有宝座，内有“正大光明”匾。两头有暖阁。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。

坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”最后面。重檐庑殿顶。坤宁宫是明朝及清朝雍正帝之前的皇后寝宫，两头有暖阁。清代改为祭神场所。雍正后，西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、同治、光绪三帝，均在此举行婚礼。

交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含“天地交合、安康美满”之意。其建于明代，清嘉庆三年(公元1798年)重修，是座四角攒尖，镀金宝顶，龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时，该殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。清代皇后所谓亲蚕典礼，需至此检查祭典仪式的准备情况。清代的“宝玺”(印章)也收藏在这里。

清朝自雍正之后养心殿成为皇帝在故宫内的实际居所。清同治年间慈禧、慈安二太后垂帘听政就在养心殿东暖阁。

在后三宫东西庑，还有为皇帝存储冠、袍、带、履的端凝殿，放置图书翰墨的懋勤殿。南庑有皇子读书的上书房，有翰林学士承值的南书房，以及管理宫廷日常生活的处所。此外还有左右对称的日精门、月华门、龙光门、凤彩门、基化门、端则门、隆福门、景和门，通妃子居住的东西六宫。这种左右对称的平面布局，也是中国古代建筑的特征之一。

内廷东侧的宁寿宫是当年乾隆皇帝宣布退位后当太上皇养老皇宫，花费一百一十万两银修建。

在坤宁宫北面的是御花园。御花园里有高耸的松柏、珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。御花园原名宫后苑，占地11000多平方米，有建筑20余处。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅、左右对称的格局，布局紧凑、古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山，为太湖石迭砌而成，上筑御景亭，名为万春亭和千秋亭的两座亭子，可以说是目前保存的古亭中最为华丽的。

东六宫

故宫的东西六宫都是皇帝后妃和子嗣居住的地方。东六宫包含指景仁宫、延禧宫、承干宫、永和宫、钟粹宫、景阳宫，东六宫建于明永乐年间。

东六宫包括钟翠宫，承乾宫，景仁宫，景阳宫，永和宫，延禧宫。其中，东太后慈安就住在钟翠宫。另外，延禧宫也非常有名，因为紫禁城中唯一的一座西洋建筑就在延禧宫内，他就是民间广为流传的水晶宫。延禧宫在道光年间曾遭雷击而毁坏，于是宣统年间清朝统治者决定造一座不怕火的宫殿，于是一座以汉白玉，玻璃为主要材料的宫殿就开始动工了。但当工程进行到一半时，清朝灭亡了，整个工程也被迫停了下来。目前延禧宫现在还没有对外开放。

现在东六宫大都改为古代艺术品陈列馆，其中有明清工艺美术馆、陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、钟表馆、绘画馆、珍宝馆。以参观珍宝馆和钟表馆的人数最多，钟表馆设在奉先殿，珍宝馆设在故宫东北角的养性殿、乐寿堂、颐和轩这在座堂里。玩具陈列馆设在坤宁宫以东的联房叫东板房里。

故宫谜团

冷宫何处

“冷宫”在哪里，要先谈“三宫六院”。故宫中路乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫称为“三宫”。六院分别指东路六宫：斋宫、景仁宫、承乾宫、钟粹宫、景阳宫及永和宫。封建帝王有着“至高无上”的权力，可以随心所欲地挑选妃子。皇帝的妻妾众多。至于选到宫中的女子，一旦失宠，便在宫中禁室里等死，更为悲惨。

故宫的“冷宫”并无定所，但历来有两种说法，一说即是乾清宫、长春宫;一说“冷宫”无固定地址，关禁王妃、皇子的地方，便俗称“冷宫”。查遍所见明、清史料，冷宫并不是某一处宫室的正式命名。根据一些文献记载，明、清时代被作为“冷宫”的地方有好几处。

明末天启皇帝时，成妃李氏得罪了权势赫赫的太监魏忠贤，被由长春宫赶到御花园西面的乾西，一住四年。先后被幽居乾西的，还有定妃、恪嫔等人。这个“冷宫”在紫禁城内之西。

光绪皇帝的珍妃被慈禧落井之前，据说关在景祺阁北边北三所(现坍毁)，这地方就在今天珍妃井西边的山门里。如果这一出自太监之口的传闻属实，则此地也算得一处“冷宫”。

故宫设计者

故宫这样宏伟的建筑，如果浩大的工程，由谁负责设计?又是谁主持施工的?这的确是个历史谜团，难倒不少老北京人。因为故宫的建筑上没有如现代建筑那样明确地刻上此建筑物建于何年，由何人设计等字样。目前大多数人都认为故宫是明代一位杰出的匠师，姓蒯名祥，人称蒯鲁班的人设计的。

故宫博物院古建部高级工程师于倬云先生提出了不同意见：曾经参加建造南京宫殿的蒯祥是故宫的设计者这个说法不确切，其实，蒯祥只是故宫的施工主持人，故宫真正的设计人应该是名不见经传的蔡信。永乐20xx年紫禁城宫殿开始进入大规模施工高潮时，蒯祥才随朱棣从南京来到北京，开始主持宫殿的施工，而在此之前，蔡信已主持故宫和北京城的规划、设计和建造了。

皇帝上朝的地点

现在很多人都认为太和殿平时是用于上朝的，其实不是这样的。太和殿其实是用来举行各种典礼的场所，实际使用次数很少，纵观明清，皇帝上朝的地方主要在：太和门、乾清门(为御门听政)、乾清宫(有大事或重要的事情时皇帝召见大臣所在地)、还有养心殿(垂帘听政，清朝后期)的，并不是平时所说的太和殿。

故宫为何“龙”多

紫禁城是龙的世界，龙的造型千姿百态，栩栩如生。在我国封建社会里，皇帝被称做“真龙天子”，是大地的主宰。紫禁城是明、清两朝的皇宫，因此，宫中的殿堂、桥梁、丹陛、石雕以及帝后宝玺、服饰御用品等无不以龙作为纹饰。那么，故宫里到底有多少龙?恐怕谁也说不清。有人粗算过，故宫号称有宫殿8000多间，仅以每殿有6条龙计算，就有龙近4万条，如果加上所有建筑装饰和一切御用品上的龙，那就数不胜数了。

有人做了一个统计，即，太和殿顶屋脊及瓦当、滴水等共有龙纹2632条，外檐额枋及门窗彩绘包括饰件共有龙纹5732条，殿内檐及殿内梁枋天花上共有龙纹4037条，殿中金柱、藻井、宝座、屏风及陈设上共有龙纹609条，殿内墙壁及暖阁门罩等共有龙纹542条。这是个尚不完全的统计，太和殿内外的龙纹、龙雕等各种形式的龙就有13 844条之多。这种万龙朝圣的装潢设计，构成了一种威严神秘的氛围，以获得神化皇帝、恫吓臣民的效果。

三大殿院内为何不种树

有人撰文提出三大殿院内不种树，主要是出自烘托意境的需要。太和殿、中和殿、保殿并称外朝三大殿，是皇帝举行盛典的地方，从位置上说居整个外宫建筑的中心，也是整个北京城的中心。为了突出这组宫殿的威严气势，建筑上采取了许多手法，其一便是院内不植树，从皇城正门天安门起，经端门、午门、太和门，这之间的一系列庭院内都无树木(现在端门前后的树是辛亥革命以后种植的)。当时人们去朝见天子，进入天安门，经过漫长御道，在层层起伏变化的建筑空间中行进，会感到一种无形的，不断增长的精神压力，最后进入太和门，看到宽阔的广场与高耸在三重台基上的巍峨大殿，这种精神压力达到顶点。宽阔的广场、蓝蓝的天空，把三大殿映衬得更加威严壮观。而这正是至高无上的天子对自己臣民所要求的。如果在这些庭院内都种上树，绿荫宜人，小鸟鸣叫，那将会破坏朝廷的威严氛围。

それでは、故宮博物院をご案内いたします。

天安門をくぐり、300メートル進むと、古い建築群があります。これこそ世界に有名な「故宮博物院」です。故宮は今まですでに600年近くの歴史があります。明代の永楽4年(1406年)に工事にかかり、14年間を費やして永楽18年(1420年)にできあがったのです。主な三大殿は初めのうち奉天殿(ほうてんでん)、華蓋殿(かがいでん)、謹身殿(きんしんでん)と名づけられましたが、清代の嘉靖11年(1562年)皇極殿(こうきょくでん)、中極殿(ちゅうきょくでん)と建極殿(けんきょくでん)と改名されました。

現在の太和(たいわ)、中和(ちゅうわ)、保和(ほうわ)という名は清代の順治年間(1645年)から使われてきたものです。600年に渡る長い歴史の中で故宮は地震や雷による災害などで、何度も破壊され、そのつど修復や立て直しが行われましたが、今もだいたい明代の風格をたもっています。14年の歳月と20万人の労働力によって1420年に完成して以来、最後の皇帝溥儀(ふぎ)まで、明と清の両時代の皇帝24人の居城となり、宮廷が置かれていて、紫禁城とも呼ばれています。紫(むらさき)というのは紫宮(しきゅう)ということですが、紫宮とは天の中央にある星で、天の神のいるところと昔の中国の人は思っていました(実は北極星を指しています)。それで皇帝が自分の宮殿に紫禁城(しきんじょう)と名づけたのも、皇帝は天の神のいるところに生きているという意味なのです。「禁」は一般の人が近寄ることを禁止する意味です。

紫禁城の敷地(しきち)面積は712ヘクタール、南北の奥行きは960メートル、東西の幅は750メートルで、周囲は高さ10メートルの城壁で囲まれています。城壁の外側には幅52メートルの堀があり、俗に「筒子河(トンズホ)」と呼ばれています。つまり筒(つつ)のように丸く一周する堀という意味です。建築面積は16.5万平方メートル、700あまりの建築物と約9000の部屋があります。これは柱と柱の間を1間(ひとま)と数えています。我が国では現在完全に保存されている最大の古い建築物です。

故宮は主に「前朝(ぜんちょう)」と「内廷(ないてい)」に分かれています。歴代の皇帝が儀式や祝典など対外的な政務を取り仕切ったところが前朝で、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿の三殿を中心とした公(おおやけ)の場です。「内廷」は乾清宮(けんせいきゅう)、交泰殿(こうたいでん)、坤寧宮(こんねいきゅう)及び御花園(ぎょかえん)を中心として両側に東西六宮などの宮殿が立ち並んでいます。皇帝と皇后、妃、王子(おうじ)たちの日常生活の場所でした。伝統劇の中での「三宮六院」(さんきゅうろくいん)という言葉はこの内廷に由来しています。

故宮で開放されている地域は5つの見学コースに分けられます。それは「中路見学コース」、「外東路見学コース」、「東路見学コース」、「内西路見学コース」、「外西路見学コース」です。

「中路見学コース」とは故宮の中軸線に沿って「午門」(ごもん)からずっと「神武門」(じんぶもん)までの見学コースで、有名な「前三殿(ぜんさんでん)」つまり、前の部分にある太和殿、中和殿、保和殿の3つ宮殿と、「後三宮(ごさんきゅう)」後ろの部分に位置する乾清宮、交泰宮、坤寧宮がこの見学コースにあります、いずれも当時の紫禁城の最も重要で、豊かな歴史文化の意義を持つ建築です、従ってこの「中路見学コース」は、今日の故宮見学の中でも主なコースとなっています。

「外東路見学コース」、「東路見学コース」、「西路見学コース」は故宮の中軸線の両側を歩くコースで、それぞれ「西六宮」、「東六宮」などが見学できます、これらの建物の中では、当時の妃、嬪(ひん)(妃よりも地位の低い宮女)らが生活しており、興味深い数多くの後宮(こうきゅう)物語がこれらの建物とともに広く伝えられています。

これから見学しながら少しずつご紹介します。まず一番重要な中路見学コースです。

大家好，今天由我来为大家当一次导游，向你们介绍北京故宫。希望大家做一个文明的参观者，也祝大家参观愉快!

北京故宫，位于北京市中心，是明清两朝皇帝的宫殿。从明朝永乐五年，公元142019年起，明成祖朱棣集全国匠师，征用二、三十万民工、军工，经过2019年的时间，建成了这组东方最大的宫殿群。故宫规模巨大，总面积72万平方米，共有大小房屋9999间，先后有27位皇帝住在这里。

游客们，故宫南边的第一道门就是闻名遐迩的天安门。朱红的墙面，同样鲜红的琉璃瓦双层屋顶，还有墙下的五扇拱形门以及墙上毛主席那英姿勃发的头像，构成了天安门的大概外貌。这里不仅是故宫的南大门，还是新中国成立过了天安门，我们便可以远远望见一条大河。幽清的河，弯弯曲，一眼望不到头，好似一条极长的青丝带。这条河叫金水河，是人工开凿的，据说是为了防御进攻的敌人，类似于一座城的护城河。金水河上有五座用大理石砌成的桥，叫五龙桥。踏着桥面的条砖，扶着桥边的栏杆，似乎能感觉到那时的时代气息。

过了金水河、五龙桥，再通过太和门，然后走上一小会路，我们就来到了皇帝讨论国家大事，召见群臣的太和殿。太和殿有两层顶，都用黄色的琉璃瓦铺好，在阳光的照耀下熠熠生辉。屋檐下，有十几根红柱支撑，再往下就上一个高大洁白的汉白玉台基。太和殿进深37.2米，宽63.9米，高26.9米，汉白玉台基高8.1米。在殿前开阔的台基上，依次整齐地陈列着日晷、嘉量、铜龟、铜鹤等。大殿正上方，有一块金边蓝匾，上书“太和殿”三个金光闪闪、苍劲有力的大字。殿内排有18根金柱，每一根金柱上都雕有千姿百态、栩栩如生、活灵活现的金龙，那架势，似乎要一跃而起，飞向苍穹。还有那闪着光彩夺目的龙椅，真是富丽堂皇。太和殿后面，还有皇帝上朝前休息的中和殿与举行最高级别科举考试的保和殿。再往后过了乾清门，我们就来到了内廷，就是宫人们的生活区。主要有皇帝住的乾清宫，皇后住的坤宁宫，太上皇住的宁寿宫、皇太后住的慈宁宫以及妃嫔们住的东六宫与西六宫等等。

我们再往后走，就到了故宫最北的地方，叫御花园，园中有钦安殿。这里有苍松翠柏，名花异卉，怪石伏立、泉水喷珠，是故宫内最亲切自然之处。

出了最北的地安门，也就结束了这故宫的参观。我祝大家参观愉快!谢谢大家!

大家好，欢迎大家来到故宫，很高兴能为大家服务，我是本次大家旅程的李子昂，大家叫我李导就行，今今天有我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

故宫建于1420xx年，1420xx年基本竣工，是明朝皇帝朱棣时建，现在请大家跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看。这里是明朝皇帝召见白宫发号施令举行庆典的地方，全殿面阔间，进深五间，外有廊柱，殿内外立着72根大柱，殿高35米，殿内净高达14米，宽63米，为全宫最大的木构大殿。

我们再来到中和殿，位于紫禁城太和殿之间。是皇帝去太和殿大典之前休息，幷接受执事官员朝拜的地方。

又玩了中和殿，我再带大家去参观保和殿，这座保和殿是清代的国宴厅及考举科场。大家都知道，乾隆身边有一位大臣叫刘墉，他就是在这保和殿考上状元的。

故宫的游览就到这里，对我今天的讲解还满意吗?欢迎您提出意见和建议，我深表感谢，最后我祝大家玩的开心。谢谢。

北京故宫导游词

大家好，欢迎来到故宫参观，我姓陈，您们叫我陈导就行了。我先给大家介绍一下故宫的概况，之后介绍太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清宫、和。故宫，又名紫禁城，是我国重要的历史保护文物，1987年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产”名录。紫禁城的由来有两种说法，第一种是依照中国古代星象学说：北极星在中天，故宫正好对着北极星，天人对应;第二种是：因为故宫是紫色的，又是禁城，所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣开始营造这座宫殿，到明永乐十八年(1420年)落成。在之后五百多年里，共有24位皇帝在那里生活居住。紫禁城周围有高10m的城墙和宽52m的护城河。城南北长961m，东西宽753m，占地面积达72万。故宫建筑布局沿中轴线向两侧展开，宫殿建筑总面积达163，000。太和殿是皇上召集大臣上朝和商议国家大事的地方。自1420年建成后屡遭焚毁，又多次重建，这天看到的是清代康熙三十四年(1695年)重建的。太和殿建筑面积2377，相当于50个教室，高35.05m，相当于10层楼那么高，为紫禁城内规模最大的殿宇。太和殿装饰十分豪华，殿内金砖铺地，设有宝座。说是金砖，但是金砖不是用金子做的，金砖是专供宫殿使用的一种高质量的铺地方砖，产自苏州、松江等地，选料精良，制作工艺复杂。因其质地坚细

，敲起来发出金属般声音，故名金砖。太和殿前有宽阔的平台，称为丹陛，俗称月台。月台上陈设日晷、嘉量各一，铜龟、铜鹤各一对，铜鼎18座。大家往太和殿两侧看，是不是有很多个大水缸?它是干什么的呢，对了，是灭火的。大水缸的下面有一个凹槽，是因为冬天水会结冰，往凹槽里放火把就能不让水结冰。太和殿是故宫里最总要重要的宫殿，许多历史决策都是从那里出去的。太和殿后是中和殿，是皇上上朝前休息的地方。保和殿位于中和殿后，是殿试的地方。考试的第一名叫状元，第二名称为磅眼，第三名是探花。不知皇帝端坐在上上面，考生是不是会紧张的发抖。皇帝把殿试安排在宫殿内，可见皇帝是多莫重视殿试。故宫后半部分是皇帝和妃子们生活和居住的地方。乾清宫是后宫最大的宫殿，是皇上的寝宫。宫内宝座上方悬“正大光明”匾，据传皇帝把自己立的太子名字放在“正大光明”匾后，用这种方法确定皇位继承人，减少为争夺皇位自相惨杀。坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫，它是唯一一座在中轴线上的妃子的寝宫，也是距离乾清宫最近的，体现了皇后在后宫中至高无上的地位，“一个成功男人的背后总有一个成功的女人”这句话在那里得到了印证。在坤宁宫前有个小的宫殿交泰殿，它是皇后在千秋节日收贺礼的地方。我们参观的只是中

轴线上的重要宫殿，中轴线的后面是御花园，两旁还有一些宫殿，前半部分是以太和殿为中心，后半部分是一些妃子和宫女的寝宫。此刻解说完毕，请大家自由参观。

亲爱的游客们：

大家好!我是你们的向导，我名叫陈，叫我陈导就好了。现在我将带领你们欣赏我国的世界遗产——故宫。

故宫为我国明清两朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时应不乱扔垃圾、不触摸物品，这样才能欣赏到有历史气息的故宫。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建筑，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动时，皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

游完了辉煌的太和殿，再向北走，我们能感觉到这儿的生活气息很浓。这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的，后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它的格局，布局，古色古香，，花草树木点缀其间，亭台阁楼相依相存，是个精心雅致，赏心悦目的好地方。大家跟着我走，故宫东边这座角楼和其他三座角楼遥相呼应。它们的造型奇特，精美绝伦，与周围环境构成一幅完美的图画。

这气魄雄伟的工程凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧啊!

这次旅游到此结束，祝大家愉快，谢谢!

各位游客们，大家好!我是本次带你们去北京故宫三日游的导游，我姓林，名雨欣，你们可以叫我小林。我先说一下这次去故宫三日游的行程，上午，我们就在故宫外沿看一看，可以拍一些照片。中午12点左右去餐厅吃饭，吃晚饭后，我们进入故宫内部，下午五点左右到餐厅吃完晚饭后，去故宫博物馆------希望各位游客能配合工作人员：不要乱扔垃圾，不损坏文物，讲文明。

北京故宫，又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，今天人们称它为故宫，意为过去的皇宫。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界现存最大，最完整的古建筑群，被誉为世界五大宫之首，其中有北京故宫，法国凡尔赛宫，英国白金汗宫，美国白宫，俄罗斯克里姆林宫。

依照中国古代星象学说，紫徽坛(即北极星)位于中天，乃天帝所居，无人对应，所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取地位后，决定迁都北京，即开始营造这座故宫，至明永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。1920xx年，幸亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制清王朝，1920xx年逊帝傅仪被逐出宫。

这次旅游故宫很愉快，大家玩的一定很愉快吧，本次行程到此结束，如果下次有机会的话，希望大家还来找我当导游，最后我想送大家一句话：保护文物人人有责。让我们举起楥手，一起来维护美丽宏伟有丰富历史的故宫。

大家好，我是北京旅行社的导游，名叫，欢迎来自朋友来到北京参观故宫，我会陪同大家一起游览故宫，大家在参观的过程中有疑问的地方可以问我。

故宫建于公元1406年，南北长961米，东西宽763米，面积约723600平方米，大小院子有90多座，房屋有980多座，共计7078间。故宫的前半部分建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟的，以象征皇上的至高无上。后半部分叫内廷，则富有生活气息，建筑多事自成院落，有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。

现在我们马上就到乾清宫了。乾清宫是内廷的正殿，高20米，殿的正中央有宝座，内有“正大光明”匾，两头有暖阁。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此处批阅奏折、选派官吏和召见下臣。请大家注意，在解散之后，不要随便触摸这些古老的文物，以防破损。

下面我们要去御花园，请大家排好队。

御花园里有高耸的松柏，珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。御花园原名叫宫后苑，占地11000多平方米，有建筑20余处。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅、左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽，可以说是保存的古亭中最为华丽的花园了。注意事项：如果大家有垃圾，请及时扔到垃圾箱里，不要丢在故宫里。

谢谢大家今天的参观，再见!

大家好!在繁华的沈阳古城中心，有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。这里就是我们今天的目的地——沈阳故宫。

依建筑时间和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。今天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。

沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1625年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。

作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

大政殿两侧南向，十王亭呈燕翅排列。错落有致，如众星拱月，南宽北狭，似无穷无尽，象征兵多将广，万世绵延。十王亭是清朝入关前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宫内办公的地方。它们与大政殿构成了一组亭子式的院落建筑，反映了满族独特的军政体制——八旗制度，这在中国的历史上堪称独步天下。远在努尔哈赤立国之初，凡遇军国大事都由汗王与八旗贝勒大臣共同讨论决定。努尔哈赤定都沈阳后，在修建宫殿时便将这种“君臣合署办公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表现了八旗制度和“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的政体及军事民主的思想。因而形成了大政殿、十五亭这组独特的建筑，为中国宫殿建筑史写下了空前的一页。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了中路。从1626年皇太极继承汗位，即续建皇宫，形成沈阳故宫的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清门，后至清宁宫，院落三进，独成一体。

大清门是沈阳故宫的正门，为皇帝临朝前，文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边，既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念，又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而形成了区别北京故宫的一个特点——宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。

穿过大清门，北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。

1635年，皇太极下令将族名‘女真”改为“满洲”。1636年皇太极在崇政殿登基称帝，上尊号“宽温仁圣”，将国号“金”改为“清”年号“天聪”改为“崇德”。

各位朋友，古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿，请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。

穿过崇政殿两侧的左右翊门，举目可见位于3.8米高台之上的凤凰楼。楼后为帝后寝居的后宫——台上五宫。与崇政殿对比又形成了沈阳故宫不同于北京故宫的特点——“宫高殿低”。而北京故宫则恰恰相反，是“殿高官低”。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所，是当年沈阳城的最高建筑，诗称“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周，万般景物尽收眼底，可饱览盛京全景，也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。凤凰楼门洞上方悬有“紫气东来”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔。而乾隆皇帝则是借用这个典故寓意大清的国运兴起于东方。

各位朋友，穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后，我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。

台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。

现在请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫——清宁宫。

清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”，是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室，二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九，皇太极在暖阁内驾崩，终年52岁，后葬于沈阳昭陵，即北陵。

清宁东次间开门，是典型的满族民居——口袋房，西四门南西北三面都设火炕，称“万字炕”。与汉族有所不同的是，满族人将烟囱建在屋后，而且从地面向上垒起。这种“口袋房，万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上”的建筑特点具有浓郁的满族风格了。

各位朋友，现在请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年，主要包括：戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。

说起文溯阁，我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要，乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书，历经十余年时间编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部，所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后，抄录七部，在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏，沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。

提起宫殿建筑，我们很容易想起“红墙绿瓦”、“金壁辉煌’这类词汇。而文溯阁却与众不同，屋顶用黑琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，整个建筑以黑绿两色为主色调，这与它的用途是分不开的。文溯阁藏书忌火，依据五行字说立色配饰，装修取《易经》“北方壬癸水”其色属黑，因此屋顶用黑色琉璃瓦，寓意水从天降，消灭火灾。

文溯阁外观为两层，内部实为三层，书架上的木盒称函匣，用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到这里，我们今天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的，布局却是一气呵成，完整和谐。特别是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”，从总体来看，沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起——兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位朋友，我们的参观就要结束了，希望故宫之行能给您留下美好的回忆。

各位朋友，过一会儿我们将参观故宫博物院，现在我先为大家作个简单介绍。故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群，故宫又叫紫禁城。“紫”是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，那么人间的帝王当然要与紫字沾边。“禁”是指当时那里守卫森严，不要说是普通老百姓，即使是高-官大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城，否则就会引来杀身之祸，是皇家“禁”地，所以又称紫禁城，整座城池建成于公元1420xx年，位于天-安-门广场北侧。

故宫平面呈长方形，南北长960米，东西宽750米，全面积72万平方米。整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕，城墙高10米，可谓是“城高池宽”。在故宫城楼的四周各有一座被称为九梁十八柱七十二条脊的精美角楼。故宫开四门，座北朝南，南门为午门，即正门，北门为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。

整个院落分为二大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外，故宫内还有很多其它各式各样、用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半，够多吧!打个比方说吧，如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不同的房间，等他住遍所有房间后已经是一个27岁的年轻人啦!

如此大规模的建筑群，所用的人力、物力、财力是可想而知的，故宫自1420xx年开始筹建，至1420xx年完工，历时十余年。施工中征集全国著名工匠10多万名，民夫100万，所用的材料也都是来自全国各地。自故宫建成后先后有明清24位皇帝在此执政。

1920xx年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命推翻了中国长达两千多年的封建社会。1920xx年清帝退位。1920xx年10月10日故宫博物院首次对外开放。1949年新中国成立后先后多次对故宫进行修缮，使它更加壮丽辉煌。1987年北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。好，先介绍到这里，呆会儿我再为大家做详细讲解。

各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游，希望大家通过我的介绍，对北京故宫留下美好的印象，谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心，又称“紫禁城”，这里曾居住过24位皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积在12万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门，宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙，墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，也称“金銮殿”。是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，御座设在殿内高2米的台上，后面有精雕细刻的围屏，整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束，美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临，谢谢!

沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年，是满族人建立的清政权的早期皇宫。1644年清迁都北京后，经过增修，又成为皇帝巡幸东北时的行宫。1926年至今，为沈阳故宫博物院。现存古建筑100多座，总占地面积60000多平方米。沈阳故宫主体部分，是清太宗皇太极时期(1627年――1643年)的皇宫，具有浓厚的满族特色和中国东北地域建筑特色。沈阳故宫具有重要的历史地位。从辽东地区兴起的清帝国在这里奠定基础，并从地方政权发展为统治中国268年的统一王朝。

沈阳故宫博物院不仅是以其多民族风格的宫苑建筑成为著名的旅游胜地，更以其丰富的院藏文物珍宝而享誉中外。其中，尤以明清宫廷文物弥足珍贵，堪称国宝。院藏文物珍宝展是集故宫院藏服饰、珐琅器、书画、雕刻品、漆器、瓷器等门类藏品之精粹。这些文物集中体现了中国劳动人民高超的工艺水准和清代宫廷的艺术风格，反映了中国明清时期生产工艺的水平

具有重要的观赏价值和研究价值。展览采用世界先进陈形形式，充分运用现代设备和陈列手段，同时又保持皇宫的古朴风貌，使您仿佛步入艺术圣殿。

清代皇宫外国礼品展沈阳故宫收藏和陈列的明清历史文物、艺术珍品及工艺美术品中，有许多中西文化交流工艺品，如钟表、玻璃器可谓独具特色。自十七世纪以来，西方一些国家把大量的钟表、玻璃器输往广州、由广东海关购置贡进皇宫，海外各国使者也竞相以本国精致的钟表、玻璃器作为贵重礼品赠给大清王朝，用这些巧于构思，精心制作的钟表、玻璃器精美艺术品取悦于皇帝，不仅是帝后怡情赏玩之物，也是宫殿里不可少的一种装饰品。这些技艺精湛的工艺品，充分显示了外国匠师们的创造智慧与艺术才能，同时也是十七、十八世纪，中西方文化交流，贸易往来的历史见证。