故宫【优秀20篇】

游客们，大家好！欢迎你们来到北京，我叫陈钰铃，你们可以叫我陈导或小陈都行。很高兴成为你们的向导。现在我们马上就到世界闻名的故宫。

游客们，我们沿着天安们入口就可以走进故宫。故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群，故宫又名叫紫禁城。“紫”是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，人间的帝王当然要与“紫”字沾点边。故宫平面呈长方形，南北长960米，东面宽750米，全面积72万平方米。

好了，我们现在说到这里，请大家去游赏、拍照做纪念，请大家不要乱扔垃圾，保护环境。

来自世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自河北的袁导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变成富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

我们说完了北京故宫的历史，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门，四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

怎么样，对我袁导游的介绍还满意吗?如果不满意，请多多指教，好让我步步高升啊!

大家好!在繁华的沈阳古城中心，有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。这里就是我们今天的目的地——沈阳故宫。

依建筑时间和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。今天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。

沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1625年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。

作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

大政殿两侧南向，十王亭呈燕翅排列。错落有致，如众星拱月，南宽北狭，似无穷无尽，象征兵多将广，万世绵延。十王亭是清朝入关前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宫内办公的地方。它们与大政殿构成了一组亭子式的院落建筑，反映了满族独特的军政体制——八旗制度，这在中国的历史上堪称独步天下。远在努尔哈赤立国之初，凡遇军国大事都由汗王与八旗贝勒大臣共同讨论决定。努尔哈赤定都沈阳后，在修建宫殿时便将这种“君臣合署办公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表现了八旗制度和“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的政体及军事民主的思想。因而形成了大政殿、十五亭这组独特的建筑，为中国宫殿建筑史写下了空前的一页。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了中路。从1626年皇太极继承汗位，即续建皇宫，形成沈阳故宫的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清门，后至清宁宫，院落三进，独成一体。

大清门是沈阳故宫的正门，为皇帝临朝前，文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边，既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念，又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而形成了区别北京故宫的一个特点——宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。

穿过大清门，北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。

1635年，皇太极下令将族名‘女真”改为“满洲”。1636年皇太极在崇政殿登基称帝，上尊号“宽温仁圣”，将国号“金”改为“清”年号“天聪”改为“崇德”。

各位朋友，古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿，请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。

穿过崇政殿两侧的左右翊门，举目可见位于3.8米高台之上的凤凰楼。楼后为帝后寝居的后宫——台上五宫。与崇政殿对比又形成了沈阳故宫不同于北京故宫的特点——“宫高殿低”。而北京故宫则恰恰相反，是“殿高官低”。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所，是当年沈阳城的最高建筑，诗称“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周，万般景物尽收眼底，可饱览盛京全景，也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。凤凰楼门洞上方悬有“紫气东来”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔。而乾隆皇帝则是借用这个典故寓意大清的国运兴起于东方。

各位朋友，穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后，我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。

台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。

现在请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫——清宁宫。

清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”，是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室，二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九，皇太极在暖阁内驾崩，终年52岁，后葬于沈阳昭陵，即北陵。

清宁东次间开门，是典型的满族民居——口袋房，西四门南西北三面都设火炕，称“万字炕”。与汉族有所不同的是，满族人将烟囱建在屋后，而且从地面向上垒起。这种“口袋房，万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上”的建筑特点具有浓郁的满族风格了。

各位朋友，现在请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年，主要包括：戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。

说起文溯阁，我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要，乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书，历经十余年时间编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部，所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后，抄录七部，在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏，沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。

提起宫殿建筑，我们很容易想起“红墙绿瓦”、“金壁辉煌’这类词汇。而文溯阁却与众不同，屋顶用黑琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，整个建筑以黑绿两色为主色调，这与它的用途是分不开的。文溯阁藏书忌火，依据五行字说立色配饰，装修取《易经》“北方壬癸水”其色属黑，因此屋顶用黑色琉璃瓦，寓意水从天降，消灭火灾。

文溯阁外观为两层，内部实为三层，书架上的木盒称函匣，用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到这里，我们今天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的，布局却是一气呵成，完整和谐。特别是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”，从总体来看，沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起——兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位朋友，我们的参观就要结束了，希望故宫之行能给您留下美好的回忆。

各位游客：

大家好。

今天我们游览的是沈阳故宫。大家都知道沈阳是“一朝的发祥地，两代帝王都”满韵清风，历史气息浓郁。沈阳著名的建筑有“一宫两陵”而这一宫就是我们面前的这座雄伟建筑——沈阳故宫。

沈阳故宫初建时叫“盛京宫阙”，清迁都北京后又称“陪都宫殿”、“留都宫殿”，并被誉为“国初圣迹”。它始建于1625年（后金天命十年）建成于1636年（清崇德元年），是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用的宫殿，1643年清世祖福临当年也是在这里即位称帝，改元“顺治”。所以沈阳也可以说是“一朝发祥地，三代帝王都”。

沈阳故宫占地面积6万多平方米，全部建筑100余所，500多间，按其布局可分为东路、中路和西路三部分。东路就是我们面前所看到的这部分建筑，它是努尔哈赤时期所建，具有浓郁的满族特色。东路的建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭，大家看到广场中间的那个八角殿就是大政殿，大政殿又叫“大衙门”、“笃恭殿”，是努尔哈赤听政办公的地方。大政殿外高18米，下有1.5米高须弥座式台基，周围绕以雕刻精美的青石围栏。是一座八角重檐攒尖顶亭子式建筑，殿顶是黄琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，正中为宝瓶火焰珠攒尖顶，（宝瓶为佛教法器，被视为神圣之物，火焰珠为如意珠，据说得此珠者可以满足各种欲望。）重檐上下各有八条五彩琉璃垂脊，垂脊上各站着一个蒙古力士，面侧对宝顶，腿略弯曲，侧身牵引，象征着“八方归一”。两旁分列的10个亭子就是十王亭，从整体建筑布局上看，大正殿居中。两旁分列10个亭子，从北向南，呈八字形展开，在视觉上使大正殿更为深远，这种空间处理方式在中国宫殿建筑中仅此一例。十王亭又称“八旗亭”，有的游客可能会想八旗亭（东边为左翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、正白旗亭、镶白旗亭、正蓝旗亭。西边为右翼王婷、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭）该有八个亭子，那另外两个是什么亭子呢？在临近大正殿的左右两端的亭子分别是左翼王亭和右翼王亭，是左右两翼王爷办公的地方，八旗亭是八旗旗主办公的地方。这种把汗王听证的大殿与八旗王公大臣候朝议事的亭子建在一起的格局，正是努尔哈赤崛起之初实行军政合一的八旗制度所决定的。反映了努尔哈赤晚年一汗独尊，八和硕贝勒共治国政的历史风貌。

大家往西走来到的就是沈阳故宫的中路，中路的建筑主要是皇太极时期所建，在这里上演了很多的历史故事。沈阳故宫中路建筑自成体系，共有三进院落。由南向北依次是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫，他们都排列在一条中轴线上，两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门就是沈阳故宫的正门，俗称午门，我们刚刚就是从那进到故宫里面的，（大清门为五间硬山式建筑），在当时大清门是不可以像现在一样随便进出的。大清门不仅是当时文武群臣候朝的地方。也是皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。当年，明朝著名将领洪承畴、祖大寿等降清后，就是跪在大清门前谢罪请降，候旨传召，受到皇太极的接见的。而当官员升迁或是获罪恩免时也都要在这里遥向北门“崇政殿”叩谢天恩。

大家看我们面前的这座庄严的大殿就是崇政殿，崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。崇政殿为五间九凛硬山式建筑，最引人注目的地方是殿顶的黄琉璃瓦绿剪边，墀头、搏风、鸱吻、山顶、殿脊的五彩琉璃构件，以及浮雕的各色行龙和奇花瑞兽，使得整个大殿更显高贵、肃穆，非常壮观。崇政殿另一个匠心之处就是前后的2根外檐柱上端的抱头梁部位做成龙形，龙首从柱头探出，龙身则穿过廊间直通殿内，两两相对，姿态生动，仿佛群龙从大殿飞腾而出，具有结构和装饰双重功能，设计的十分巧妙。

绕过崇政殿我们看到的这座高大建筑就是凤凰楼，凤凰楼的前庭处于“前朝后寝”的中间，是一个过渡性的院落，凤凰楼建在3.8米高的青砖台基上，台基共有24个台阶象征着24节气，每过24节气即过一年，皇帝每天都踩着这24节台基，寓意着大清的江山能历经千秋万代，凤凰楼是一座三层歇山式建筑，全高18.31米，原名叫“凤翔楼”，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。1743年（乾隆八年）改成今名，凤凰楼正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”金字横匾，是乾隆皇帝御笔，意思是大清朝国力强盛的福气是从东方的盛京来的，表达了清代帝王对祖先创业之地的顶礼膜拜。凤凰楼既是后宫的大门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓月”、“凤楼观塔”的传称，并被列为盛京八景之一。

穿过凤凰楼，我们现在所处的就是皇太极的后宫，是皇太极和后妃们的住所，后宫的整体建筑都高于前朝的宫殿，这种“宫高殿低”的特色反映了满族的则高而居的传统生活习惯。

对于后宫的特色建筑流行这样一句话：口袋房，万字炕，烟囱落在地面上。什么是口袋房呢？大家看我们面前的这座五间硬山前后廊式建筑就是清宁宫，大家看清宁宫一共有五间，而门并不是开在中间一间，而是设在东二间的南面，形如口袋。清宁宫原叫“正宫”，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后（博尔济吉特氏）的寝宫，（称暖阁）1643年（崇德八年）皇太极就端坐在南炕无疾而终。后葬于昭陵。万字炕又是怎么一回事呢？大家看清宁宫的西三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，形如“万”字，所以人们就俗称为“万字炕”，那“烟囱落在地面上”又是怎么一回事呢？清宁宫的烟囱在清宁宫的后面，是从地面上垒起的，略低于房脊，一会我们可以绕过去看看。在当时是有这样一种禁令，所有百姓家的烟囱是不允许高过皇宫的烟囱的，寓意着大清王朝“一统天下”，

清宁宫两侧的东西配宫，（东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫，西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫）是妃子们所居住的地方，其中最为著名的是庄妃居住的永福宫，因为1638年（崇德三年）清世祖福临就出生在永福宫。

（刚刚有游客问清宁宫庭院正门的南端的那根很高杆子是干什么的，那是索伦杆，满族人称它为“神杆”是满族人用来祭天的。祭天时在顶端的锡斗里放上五谷杂粮和猪的杂碎，已敬乌鸦，这反映了满族萨满教的灵禽崇拜观念，据说也和乌鸦救主的传说相关。）

接下来我们来到的是沈阳故宫西路，西路建筑是为了适应皇帝东巡的需求而增建的，建于乾隆年间，主要建筑有文溯阁，戏台、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等，套院相接，多尔不乱，是文化气息较浓之处。

文溯阁建于1781年（乾隆46年）至1783年（乾隆48年），为西路建筑中的主体建筑，是仿照明代浙江宁波的大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”修建的，专门收藏乾隆时期编撰的大型图书《四库全书》，也是全国存放《四库全书》的著名七阁之一，阁名是乾隆帝钦定的，因其位于祖宗的发祥地“盛京”，所以取之“溯源求本”之意命名“文溯阁”。（《四库全书》分经、史、子、集四大部分，结构严谨，是我国古代文献中的珍贵遗产，对于弘扬和传播民族文化具有重要意义。）《四库全书》共撰写七部，其中一部就藏在文溯阁，1966年10月，基于战备考虑，辽宁省将《四库全书》秘密运至兰州，后移交到甘肃省图书馆。

文溯阁是硬山式建筑，面阔6间，外面看是重檐2层，在里面看则是3层，带有明显的江南建筑风格样式。与沈阳故宫其他建筑不同，文溯阁顶盖上用的是黑琉璃瓦绿剪边，这在沈阳故宫建筑中是独一无二的。根据五行八卦之说，黑是代表水，书最忌火，以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。

文溯阁东方有方形碑亭一座，内立石碑一块。正面刻有乾隆帝撰写的《御制文溯阁碑记》，背面刻有乾隆撰写的《宋孝宗论》。碑文详细记录了建阁经过和《四库全书》的收藏情况。

文溯阁后为养媳在，是皇帝读书之所，阁前宫门外有嘉荫堂，左右有出廊，南面还有戏台，是乾隆、嘉庆时期皇帝东巡赏戏的场所。

各位游客朋友们，我的讲解到此结束，接下来大家可以自由活动，但是请大家一定要注意人身及财物安全，请大家谨记我们的集合时间和地点，谢谢大家！

在放假期间很多的家长带着孩子去旅游。我也不例外，我们一家去了四川的黄龙。

下了飞机，我们马上坐上一辆客车去黄龙里面欣赏美景了!导游姐姐告诉我们：“四川有三美：一是美景;二是美食;三是美女。我们先去看美景吧!我们要去黄龙一游，那儿海拔是4199米。去过的人总结出一句话：不去黄龙终生遗憾，去了黄龙遗憾终生。”我听了这句话，我有点不明白。但我想起了云南的香格里拉，它海拔3200米我都去过，黄龙只比它高一些，我才不怕呢。我有些轻“敌”。我要挑战我人生的吉尼斯纪录!

不久，到了黄龙底下了，看着那些连绵起伏的山，我都眼花缭乱了。放眼望去，山顶上绕着一缕纱，天空的蓝和山的绿合为一体，看不到尽头，美极了!

我们坐了缆车上去，从上往下看，下面的人好象变成了蚂蚁那么小了。

不一会儿，到了山上。我一下缆车就冷得不得了。山上缺氧，环境恶劣。但没有一个人退缩，旁边有很多植物，很壮观，越往高处走越辛苦，还没有到五彩池，我就累得一步也走不了了。爸爸来背我，趴在爸爸的背上很舒服。爸爸却累得气喘吁吁。一不小心，爸爸摔伤了。为了不让我摔到，爸爸手死死地抱住我。结果爸爸的膝盖摔肿了，青了……走停停，我后来终于到山的顶端———五彩池了!我让凉风吹醒我，从上向下看，我似乎站在一朵云上。我看到了五彩池，有很多个小池组成。一个池比一个池高一层叠一层。像搭碗似。它有五种颜色：红、黄、绿，蓝、紫。真是一个“人间瑶池”。远处看是一片蓝色，近处才是五颜六色!后来我们还在那儿拍下了几张照片呢!

我们下山了，虽然不能把它带走，但我能把它记住!

我爱五彩池，它很美!我明白了导游说的那句话的含义：黄龙美景胜似仙境，不看当然遗憾;路上的辛苦和爸爸的受伤也让人遗憾!我在心中的石碑里刻下了这句话：黄龙，我到此一游!

导游词北京故宫3篇

北京故宫博物馆始建于1420xx年,建成于1420xx年,是明清两朝的皇宫,又名紫禁城。下面是第一范文网带来的导游词北京故宫，欢迎大家阅读。

篇一：导游词北京故宫

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是大伙的导游，大伙可以叫我朱导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作 紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6 根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人 在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。如一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。厉害!

游览故宫，可以从天安门进，也可以由后门----神武门进。进入天安 门，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门----午门。这里城墙 高大，城门楼巍峨壮观，给人以无比威严的感觉，使站在这里的人自己感 到渺小这是古代统治者利用建筑艺术来为增强其帝王威慑力量服务的一个 最突出的例子。穿过午门，又是一个大广场，广场上有一金水桥。过桥经 太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。从高处看，金水桥和流经广场的那条御河，其 形状恰像一把巨大的弓。经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进 入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线 只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看皇帝的卧室(乾清宫)，放置皇帝印玺的地方(交泰殿)，皇帝结婚的新房(坤宁宫)，嫔妃所住的地方(其中 有的已辟为展厅)和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力。 以安排一日游为佳。如有时间，又想看得细些，则可安排二日游。

篇二：导游词北京故宫

欢迎大家来到这里!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

我们今天来到的地方是大家都知道的世界上最著名的历史古迹-北京故宫历史博物馆。故宫博物馆始建于1420xx年,建成于1420xx年,是明清两朝的皇宫,又名紫禁城。故宫占地面积72万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,屋子有9999间半，故宫四周饶10米高的城墙,外有50多米宽的护河城。现在,我们已经来到了北京故宫门前。各位游客,你们看,这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼。故宫座北朝南，开有四条门。各位游客，这里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。

现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方，它们主要有三大殿:太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。现在,我们已经来到了太和殿,它是三大殿中最为高大的,它金碧辉煌,这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏,称为望柱,柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画，末代皇帝溥仪就是在这里举行了他的登基大典礼。看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位游客，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿-保和殿，这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场，自乾隆皇帝以后，这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。 现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。等一会儿大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

今天我的讲解就到此结束了，下面是大家自由参观的时间，我们大概在30分钟后在门口集合，希望这次参观能给大家留下一个深刻的印象，预祝大家能玩的开心，谢谢

篇三：导游词北京故宫

女士们、先生们：

我叫王溦嘉，大家叫我小王就行了。今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是闻名世界的故宫博物馆，简称为故宫，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，又称为“紫禁城”(历代宫殿都象“象天立宫”，以表示君权“受命于天”)。由于君为天子，天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的“紫宫”禁地，故名“紫禁城”。故宫始建于明永乐四年(1420xx年)，永乐十八年(1420xx年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑面积15万多平方米，有房屋9999间，是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威，故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线，在这条中轴线上，按照“前朝后寝”的古制，布置着帝王发施令，象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北)，左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿—宁春宫，和以太妃居住的宫殿—慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要，这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙，四周有角楼，外有护城河。

故宫御花园，原名宫后苑，今俗称御花园，占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅，左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山，为太湖石叠砌而成，上筑御景亭，每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织，评定为“世界文化遗产”，是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

大家好，今日我们来到的是著名的世界遗产之一故宫，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国礼貌无价的历史见证。

首先来到的是太和殿。太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。殿内有金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井，上挂“正大光明”匾，话说先帝死前会把写有继承人的纸条塞入匾后。殿中间就是封建皇权的象征——金漆雕龙宝座。这太和殿红墙黄瓦，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是故宫最壮观的建筑。

参观完太和殿，就来到中和殿。中和殿是故宫三大殿之一，位于太和殿后。平面呈方形，黄色琉璃瓦、四角攒尖顶，正中间有镀金宝顶。形体壮丽，建筑精巧。

保和殿也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。平面长方形，建筑装修与彩绘十分精细绚丽。

乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。从前此处为康熙皇帝居住和处理政务之处，清雍正后皇帝曾移居养心殿，但依旧在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。

再看，交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含天地交合、安康美满之意。其建于明代，是座四角攒尖，镀金宝顶，龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时，此殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”的最终面。明代时为皇后住所。清代时改为祭神场所。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、同治、光绪三帝，均在此举行婚礼。

再来到回音壁，它是中国木结构建筑的顶峰，仅凭木榫交结，斗拱支架，全用木材就完成了这一惊世杰作。天坛另一美妙绝伦之处，是奇妙的回声。站在圜丘坛的中心叫一声，你会听到从地层深处传来的明亮而深沉的回响，这声音仿佛来自地心，又似乎来自天空，所以人们为它取了一个充满神秘色彩的名字：“天心石”。在皇穹宇的四周有一道厚约0。9米的围墙，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，站在另一端的人只要耳贴墙面就能听的异常清晰，并且还有立体声效果，这就是“回音壁”，这能够证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学原理了。

故宫是一座庞大的建筑群，我说也说不完，就请你们去细细游赏。

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是你们的导游，今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院，你们可以叫我朱导。

现在我先为大家作个简单介绍一下，故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群，故宫又叫紫禁城。紫是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色，那么人间的帝王当然要与紫字沾边。禁是指当时那里守卫森严，不要说是普通老百姓，即使是高官大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城，否则就会引来杀身之祸，是皇家禁地，所以又称紫禁城，整座城池建成于公元1420xx年，位于天安门广场北侧。 整个院落分为二大部分，即前朝和后寝。前朝是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。后寝是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外，故宫内还有很多其它各式各样、用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半，够多吧! 1920xx年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命推翻了中国长达两千多年的封建社会。1920xx年清帝退位。1920xx年10月10日故宫博物院首次对外开放。1949年新中国成立后先后多次对故宫进行修缮，使它更加壮丽辉煌。1987年北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家请看，故宫四周有的紫工色的宫墙，它高约10米，长约3.5公里。高墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门即故宫正门。北为神武门，城墙四隅各矗立着一座风格独特、造型绮丽的角楼。宫墙外围着一条宽为52米的护城河，使故宫成为一座壁垒森严的城堡。

接下来，大家随我一起去看看最富丽堂皇的建筑，被告称为金銮殿的太和殿。这是皇帝举行大典的地方，大家往里看，大殿高28米，东西宽63米，南北长35米，这里有直径达1米的大柱92根，围绕御座的6根大柱叫蟠龙柱，是用沥粉金漆做成的。在我们正前方就是皇帝的专座御座，设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，宝座是镀金的，扶手是镀银的，4个香炉是用香木做的，可谓是富丽堂皇。后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。

参观完了太和殿，大家再随我往后走，一起去看看中和殿和保和殿。这三个殿构造大相径庭，中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是皇帝宴请外蕃王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。保和殿最让人惊叹的是殿后有一块石雕。石雕长16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，有200多吨重。上面雕着波涛汹涌的大海，腾云驾雾的飞龙。听到这儿，大家不禁想说故宫真不愧为中国宝贵的文化遗产呀!

在故宫博物院里收藏着大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多件是绝无仅有的国宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人可以去自由观赏一下，以加深了解故宫。

好了，我的讲解到此结束，请大家自由参观，记得要注意卫生，除了照片，你什么也别带走;除了身影，你什么也别留下。11时在这保和殿门前集合，可别耽误哟!

各位游客大家好，

我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家4A级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢，我们一齐来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。

沈阳故宫始建于公元1620xx年。先后经过三次大规模建设，构成了东、中、西三路格局。东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期，主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期，主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢，建于清乾隆年间，主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋，它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢，沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应，却又有着截然不一样的建筑风格。此刻呢我们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。

首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门，它俗称午门，也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方，也是清太宗皇太极理解群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清，皇宫的正门就是国门，所以称为大清门。还有一个传说，这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称，只是叫做大门。之后，皇太极改国号为大清，听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门，于是为了体现针锋相对，就将此门命名为大清门。

我们穿过大清门，此刻正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。

我们能够看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦，有去过北京故宫的朋友必须会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的，而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。

我们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷，和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。我们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸，那么大家明白它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧，他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”，是皇宫中重要的防火设施，象征缸中水多似海，能够镇火灾。

我们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文，我们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍，两边都是刺，加上圈和点，就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左，汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左，满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。

我们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额，是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下方呢是皇帝的宝座，据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙，再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子，正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。此刻崇政殿呢，我们就游览到那里。

眼前的雄伟建筑呢，就是凤凰楼。它建在3。8米高的青砖台基上，为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢，是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅仅是当时后宫的正门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓日”之称，并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就能够看到抚顺城呢。

穿过凤凰楼呢我们来到了一处院落，此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。我们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。我们能够看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋，所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室，各有火炕又称龙床。1643年，皇太极就在那里‘端坐无疾而终’，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢，设有两口大锅，它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下，这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵，如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动，则表示神灵不满意，则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头，满族人认为此时的猪已经通神，成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净，切成大块，放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟，那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用，然后再分给参加祭祀的人们，称为“吃福肉”，满族人相信吃了福肉，福气就会降临到每个人的身上。

那么我们此刻来到西一侧的房间，西侧呢三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，称为“万字炕”，那里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处，也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。

清宁宫与汉族建筑不一样的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后，而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会我们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房，万字炕，烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。

我们出了清宁宫呢，大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是：关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们下方逐一参观。

关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女，永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁，但皇太极却对海兰珠有着很深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝，终日郁郁寡欢，在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年，皇太极也去世了，据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。

这是衍庆宫，是皇太极淑妃的寝宫，其女，被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻

这是麟趾宫，是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫，其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。

我们最之后看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响，庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃，被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女，关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能，辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年，庄妃病逝，享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。

大家看，在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆，木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问，为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时，曾绝望的躺在地上，这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地，认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的，就这样满族的祖先得救了。之后满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德，开始供奉乌鸦，祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。

此刻呢，我们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱，也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?……对一共有十一层，我告诉大家在十一层上方还有三块砖。那么这怎样讲哪?问大家一个小问题：清朝有多少位皇帝，又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。

好了，朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到那里，期望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。此刻大家能够自由活动30分钟，30分钟之后，我们在正门集合。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

300字世界遗产故宫导游词

300字世界遗产故宫导游词

各位朋友，现在我们已经进入故宫。此处是故宫第一进院落，首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，这里即是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

何谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门，“听政”是指听取政事。您可能觉得新鲜，这堂堂的皇帝放着那么多的宫殿不用，偏偏跑到这里来处理朝政，是不是有点做作呀?其实这并不是皇帝故弄玄虚，而是出于无奈。怎么回事呢?原来呀，在永乐皇帝自南京迁都北京以后，不到一百天，崭新的三大殿就着了一把无名火，望着三大殿的一片焦土，永乐皇帝想，是不是我迁都劳民伤财，上天要惩罚我?怎么办?只能用自己的实际行动来感动上苍。因为三大殿被烧毁，无处可去，又要对上天表现出“勤政”，故每天黎明，在太和门办公，也真是够辛苦的。到了清朝，虽然也有御门听政的做法，但听政处自康熙以后改在了乾清门。自清朝咸丰皇帝以后就再也没有皇帝御门听政了。但同治皇帝上台后，又有了听政，不过不再是“御门听政”，而是变成两宫皇太后“垂帘听政”了。末代皇帝溥仪登基后，未出三年，大清国就灭亡了。好，下面请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。

沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年(1625年)是清太祖迁都之际草创，清崇德元年(1636年)由皇太极建成。下面是小编整理提供的有关沈阳故宫的导游词，欢迎阅读参考!希望大家采纳!

沈阳故宫导游词。1644年，大清迁都北京，“沈阳故宫”从此成为“陪都宫殿”。“沈阳故宫”是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极修建并使用过的宫殿，距今巳有360余年的历史。在全国现存宫殿建筑群中，它的历史价值和艺术价值仅次于北京故宫居全国第二位。它是中国历史上最后的一个封建王朝的发祥重地，也是清统一中国后东北地区政治经济中心。

沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座，由20多个院落组成，总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。

中路：是太宗皇太极时期的大内宫阙。南端是大清门，也是故宫的正门。向北依次是崇政殿、凤凰褛、清宁宫，它们都排列在一条中轴线上，两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门是日常朝会时文武大臣侯朝的地方，也是清太宗接受群臣谢恩之处。明朝著名将领洪承畴降清后，就从此门进入，受到皇太极的接见。大清门东侧这处建筑叫祖庙，祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方，因是天子的祖庙也称“太庙”。

顺着大清门北面的御路拾阶而上，台正中便是气势宏伟被称作“金銮殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聪六年(1632年)，崇德元年定名为崇政殿。崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，南北辟有隔扇门，前后是石雕栏杆。殿顶盖为黄琉璃，十分壮观。殿内掾间绘满飞云流水，梁架上全部是“和玺” 彩绘，给人以高洁典雅之感。殿内明堂有堂陛，前是金龙蟠柱，柱后有贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金龙宝座，宝座两侧有鼎式香炉、轩辕镜和太平有象等装饰之物，

殿前有大月台，月台东南角有日晷，西南有嘉量亭，都由大理石雕造而成。在月台上还设有四口大缸，都盛满清水以防水灾。古代称它是“门海”，来象征缸中水多似海可扑灭火灾，所以又被称作是“吉祥缸”。因为北方天气寒冷，所以每到冬天，就要在缸底点燃炭火。崇政殿是清太宗日常朝会议政的地方，1636年皇太极的称帝大典及清天聪十年四月“后金”改国号为“大清”的典礼就在这里举行。1644年清迁都北京后，历代皇帝东巡时，都在这里临朝听政。

崇政殿前，东西各有五间厢楼，东为飞龙阁，西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落，院正北有一座高约4米的高台，台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼----凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼，直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户，也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成，康熙二十年重修。楼为三层，是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间，周围有回廊，下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门，又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出，极为美妙。所以“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”是沈城著名的景观。凤凰楼正门上额的“紫气东来”金字横匾是乾隆皇帝的御笔。

过了凤凰楼就是太宗皇帝皇太极的后宫了。正中是清宁宫，清宁宫原叫“正宫”，是五间十一檩硬山式建筑。东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，称暖阁。正中隔一间璧，把寝宫分为南北两室，南北室各有火炕，又称“龙床”。1643年皇太极就在南室“端座无疾而终”，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。西四间为皇帝祭神、行礼的神堂。清宁宫庭院的东南角有一根朱红色木杆，木杆顶端有锡斗，这木杆叫索伦杆，满族人称它为神杆。锡斗内放米谷碎肉来喂乌鸦。

清宁宫两侧是东西配宫，东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫;西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。东西配宫均为皇太极和妃子们居住之所。清宁宫西北角有一根由地面垒起，低于屋背的烟囱，人们从正面是看不见的。从清宁宫这一系列建筑中，我们可以发现沈阳故宫的两大建筑特点：一是保存了浓厚的满族特色即口袋房、万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上。二是宫高殿低，清宁宫及其四所配宫均高于皇帝议政的崇政殿和东路的大政殿。这是因为清朝夺取政权前，满族是一个牧猎民族，受生活习惯的影响，把居住的地方建在高处，以防野兽和洪水的侵袭。这与北京故宫恰好相反。

园内遍植古柏老槐，罗列奇石玉座、金麟铜像、盆花桩景,增添了园内景象的变化,丰富了园景的层次。御花园地面的各色卵石也很奇特，它们可以镶拼成福、禄、寿象征性图案，丰富多彩。御花园内共有十几棵连理树，多由松、柏培育而成，在天一门有一棵园里最著名的连理树。该树由两棵柏树主干连结一起，长得十分粗壮繁茂。

关于连理树，还有一个会传说。相传战国时期，宋国君康王，霸占舍人韩平的爱妻合氏为妃，并强迫韩平去筑青陵台;台筑成后康王又杀韩平。合氏闻讯痛不欲生。当参加韩平的葬礼时，她毅然跳入墓中撞棺而亡。残暴的康王出于嫉妒恶意，便把韩平、合氏夫妻尸首分别埋于青陵台的左右两侧，不让将他们合葬一起。但第二年于韩平、合氏的坟头上，慢慢长出两棵参天大树，树干中部合在一起，紧紧连结着。于是后人便称此种合抱树为“连理树”，比喻夫妻之间坚贞不屈的`纯洁爱情。好，我们接着先前走。前面就是坤宁宫。原先是皇后的寝宫。到了清朝，就改为了祭神和皇帝结婚的地方。

看，在坤宁宫的左边，有一个类似大饼的石头，上面有一根针，这就是“日晷”，也就是古代的钟表。它的原理就是以太阳照射针的影子来辨别时间。再往北，就是交泰殿和乾清宫，它们和刚刚路过的坤宁宫合称“后三宫”。绕过乾清宫，穿过乾清门，就是一个很大的中央广场。它就像分界地带，把紫禁城分为了前后两个部分。

大家如果累了，可以在广场周围的椅子上休息一下。对了，大家还记不记得，咱们这一路上，有很多铜制的大缸，你们知道它是干什么的吗?(互动)据考证，故宫内的殿宇楼阁均为砖木结构，很容易着火。一旦发生火灾，如果不能及时扑救，火势就会迅速蔓延，把这座价值连城的辉煌建筑顷刻之间化为乌有。

为此，紫禁城的建设者们对防火特别重视，在宫殿前设置了这些大缸，称之为“门海”。门海即门前的“大海”，门前有了“大海”，以水克火，砖木结构的故宫就不怕火灾了。因此，这些大缸又被称作吉祥缸。可想而知，我们的祖先还是很聪明的。大家休息好了吗?我们继续向前走。看好了，这就是故宫最著名的，最富丽堂皇的“三大殿”——太和殿，中和殿，保和殿。因为咱们是由南向北走，所以先看到是保和殿和中和殿。到现在，周围已经比刚刚辽阔多了，这也说明了紫荆城“前三殿”和“后三殿”的差距。凡事都要观察细节，大家看看脚底的台阶，是用大理石制成的，而它的图案可是非常的漂亮。这些图案以祥云为主，四周还点缀着几只小龙，它们的样子活灵活现，栩栩如生，充分体现了我国古代劳动人民的智慧。

各位朋友，在繁华的沈阳古城中心，有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。那里就是我们这天的目的地――沈阳故宫。

依建筑时光和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。这天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。

沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1620_年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。

作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

故宫由外朝与内廷两部分组成。外朝以太和殿(金銮殿)、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心，东西以文华殿、武英殿为两翼，是皇帝处理政事、举行重大庆典的地方。内廷以乾清宫(皇帝卧室)、交泰殿、坤宁殿(皇帝结婚新房)为中心，东西两翼有东六宫、西六宫(皇纪宫室)，辅以养心殿、奉先殿、斋宫、毓庆宫、宁寿宫、慈宁宫以及御花园等，是皇帝平日处理政务及皇帝、皇后、皇太后、纪嫔、皇子、公主居住、礼佛、读书和游玩的地方。

总体布局为中轴对称，前三殿、后三宫坐落于全城中轴线上，气势雄伟，豪华壮观，为我国现存的最大、最完整的古建筑群，也是世界上别具一格，辉煌壮丽，并具中国古典风格和东方格调的建筑物和世界上最大的皇宫。1920xx年辛亥革命，推翻了满清统治，结束了20xx多年的封建王朝，但被废帝博仪仍居住在故宫后半部分。1920xx年将外朝辟为“古物陈列所”。1920xx年11月5日冯玉祥部将鹿钟麟把博仪驱逐出宫。1920xx年10月10日成立故宫博物院。

它的特产有：白煮肉、鸭掌、刷羊肉、烤鸭、灌肠、豆汁……

各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游，希望大家通过我的介绍，对北京故宫留下美好的印象，谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心，又称“紫禁城”，这里曾居住过24位皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积在12万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门，宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙，墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，也称“金銮殿”。是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，御座设在殿内高2米的台上，后面有精雕细刻的围屏，整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束，美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临，谢谢!

世界各地的游客们，你们好！欢迎来到北京故宫，下面我就带大家去游赏一番吧。

故宫的正门是午门。午门从正面看有三个门洞，可是走进去转过头再看，却成了五个门洞，这就叫做“明三暗五”。

进了午门，就看见五座桥，叫金水桥，中间的最宽，是专门给皇帝用的。金水桥的前面是太和门，过了太和门，就是太和殿了。太和殿大门口有两只很大的铜狮子，里面有皇帝的宝座。

太和殿后面是中和殿和保和殿，都是皇帝办公的地方。

过了一道红墙，就进入了生活区，有皇帝住的乾清宫、皇后住的坤宁宫，最后是御花园，里面有很多很多的松树和柏树，还有一种树叫龙爪槐，长得像龙的爪子一样，非常好看。在御花园里还有一座山叫堆秀山，是用米汤、鸡蛋清把石头粘在一起堆成的，十分坚固。

故宫到处有美丽的景色，说也说不尽，希望你有机会去细细游赏。

现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年（公元1460年），厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

我们到了，大家请下车。您看，这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙，都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，金碧辉煌的彩画。第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型？美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

接下来我们去故宫博物院吧。跟大家说，故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等。故宫博物院里有一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢？片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。

接下来请各位慢慢欣赏故宫。注意有带小孩的家长看好孩子，请大家互相照顾。要保护珍惜文物。祝大家玩得开心，再见！

“大家好，我们今天一起前往北京故宫游玩，北京故宫始建于十四世纪一十年代，竣工十四世纪二十年代，面积约为723600，有九千九百九十九间半的房间，位置在北京市东城区景山前街4号 ，是清朝皇帝生活的地方，也是慈禧垂帘听政的宫殿。

好了，我们来到了天安门，我们向右看，那就是升旗队伍，每早四点，他们就需要在天安门升旗，可以说是北京的一大特色。向前看，这就是故宫的大门——午门，传言，这里是曾经死刑犯的归宿。好了，我们现在进了午门，现在，我们向前走就到了——朝阳门，过去那阵子，没有铁路交通。南方出产的粮食往北京调运，必须走通惠河，通过水路运到北京东边的通州。在朝阳门后还有许多宫殿，希望大家细细游赏，下午四点半，午门集合。谢谢大家。”

大家好，我是本次游览故宫的小导游，大家在游览时要注意安全，爱护环境，不乱丢垃圾。

我们先进入的是午门，首先映入眼帘的是白色的金水桥，它全部是用汉白玉做成。接着就来到了太和门，一一走过，就来到了整个故宫最大的、等级最高的，也是最重要的宫殿——太和殿。它修筑得非常宏伟。它高29。92米，宽37米，长64米，是以前皇上办公的地方。大家往太和殿屋檐上看，是不是站立着形态各异的动物雕像。这些动物叫神兽，而且数量都是奇数，最小是五，最大是九，用来表示等级与地位。可是这里却有十个神兽，这是为什么呢?原来太和殿曾遭三次雷劈，都被大火烧光了，重修三次。

后来的皇上为了祈求太和殿不再被雷公劈到，于是就在九个神兽里又添加了一个神兽——“雷公”，这样就让太和殿成为了一个上下五千年里惟一一个拥有十个神兽的古建筑。继续走，过了中和殿、保和殿、乾清门，就到了皇上睡觉的地方——乾清宫。皇上如果要安心养神，可过交泰殿、坤宁宫，去御花园休心养神。这里植被繁多，假山、水流，空气清新，是理想的休养所。

过了御花园，我们就出了神武门，故宫游览就结束了。祝大家玩得开心，以后再来故宫游览!

各位客大家好：

Each guest hello:

我是你们的导游陈佳琪，大家可以叫我小陈就行了接下来的几天中就由我来为大家一起来游览北京故宫博物院的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京留下一个好印象，同时也对我的工作提出宝贵意见，好，接下来我们就开始今天的旅行吧!

I am your tour guide jia-qi Chen, you can call me xiao Chen to go in the next few days by me for all of you to visit the Palace Museum in Beijing scenery, hope that through my explanation, can make you leave a good impression of Beijing, also proposes the valued suggestion for my work, good, then we start todays trip!

故宫是明、清朝时的皇宫，也是当今世界规模最大建筑最雄伟，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫金城。子进程是中国五个世纪以来最高权力中心，他以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国物价历史的见证，1987年，北京故宫被联合国列入[ 世界遗产名录]。

In the Ming and qing dynasty palace, is the largest building in the world today the most magnificent, the most intact ancient royal palace. The Palace Museum, also called zijin city. The child process is the supreme power in China in five century center, with his landscape and contains 9000 rooms of furniture and handicraft product of large buildings, a witness, in the history of the Ming and qing dynasties era Chinas prices in 1987, Beijing the imperial palace was the United Nations on the world heritage list.

故宫坐北朝南，开有四条门。各位朋友，这里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看，在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座城楼，从上面看就像物质展翅飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。各位旅客请在这里留影吧!

The Palace Museum sits, has four door open. My dear friends, this is the main gate of the Forbidden City, and called the meridian gate, mean the midday sun. You see, in 10 meters high wall stood five towers, from above like the phoenix material spread your wings and fly, the meridian gate and the five-phoenix towers said. Have your pictures here, please!

好啦!现在大家自由活动，晚上六点在故宫门前集合，祝大家有玩开心。

Come on! You free now, 6 PM in front of the Palace Museum collection, I wish you all have to play happy.