优质的沈阳故宫导游词
大家好,我是你们这天的导语,很高兴这天能和你一齐度过,下方由我来给大家讲讲沈阳故宫吧:
沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一,沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米,有古建筑114座,500多间,至今保存完好,是一处包含着丰富历史文化内涵的古代遗址。在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆,藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。
1961年,国务院将沈阳故宫确定为国家第一批全国重点文物保护单位;20__年7月1日,在中国苏州召开的第28届世界遗产委员会会议批准沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界文化遗产名录》。
大政殿
大政殿是一座八角重檐亭式建筑,俗称八角殿。始建于1625年,是清太祖努尔哈赤营建的重要宫殿,是盛京皇宫内最庄严最神圣的地方。初称大衙门,1636定名笃恭殿,后改大政殿。八角重檐攒尖式,八面出廊,其下为须弥座台基。殿顶满铺黄琉璃瓦,镶绿剪边,正中相轮火焰珠顶,宝顶周围有八条铁链各与力士相连。殿前两明柱各有金龙盘柱,殿内为梵文天花和降龙藻井。殿内设有宝座、屏风及熏炉、香亭、鹤式烛台等。大政殿用于举行大典,如皇帝即位,颁布诏书,宣布军队出征,迎接将士凯旋等。此殿为清太宗皇太极举行重大典礼及重要政治活动的场所。
1644年(顺治元年)皇帝福临在此登基继位。
十王亭
十王亭位于大政殿两侧八字形依次排列,是满族八旗制度在宫殿建筑的反映,此建筑布局为中国古代宫廷建筑史所仅见。
其东侧五亭由北往南依次为左翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、正白旗亭、镶白旗亭、正蓝旗亭;
西侧五亭依次为右翼王亭、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭。
是清初八旗各主旗贝勒、大臣议政及处理政务之处。这种君臣合署在宫殿办事的现象,历史上少见。从建筑上看,大政殿也是一个亭子,但是它的体量较大,装饰比较华丽,因此称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的10座亭子,其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿。这11座亭子,就是11座帐篷的化身。帐篷是能够流动迁移的,而亭子就固定起来了,显示了满族文化发展的一个里程。
大清门
大清门是盛京皇宫(今沈阳故宫博物院)的正门,俗称午门,它是一座面阔五间的硬山式建筑,房顶满铺琉璃瓦,饰以绿剪边,尤其是大清门山墙的最上端,南北突出的四个墀头,三面皆用五彩琉璃镶嵌而成,纹饰为凸出的海水云龙及象征吉祥的各种动物,做工精巧,栩栩如生。此门庄严富丽,与整个宫殿建筑混成一体,显得十分协调。
大清门建于天聪六年(1632年)之前,为盛京皇宫中皇太极续修的早期建筑之一。原称大门、正门。1636年定宫殿名时称大门为大清门。大清门的满文译音为“代青杜卡”(代青即大清,杜卡为门)。
崇政殿
崇政殿在中路前院正中,俗称“金銮殿”,是沈阳故宫最重要的建筑。整座大殿全是木结构,面阔五间进深三间。前后出廊硬山式,辟有隔扇门,前后出廊,围以石雕的栏杆。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦,镶绿剪边,正脊饰五彩琉璃龙纹及火焰珠。殿身的廊柱是方形的,望柱下有吐水的螭首,顶盖黄琉璃瓦镶绿剪边;殿前月台两角,东立日晷,西设嘉量;殿内“彻上明造”绘以彩饰。内陈宝座、屏风;两侧有熏炉、香亭、烛台一堂;殿柱
是圆形的,两柱间用一条雕刻的整龙连接,龙头探出檐外,龙尾直入殿中,实用与装饰完美地结合为一体,增加了殿宇的帝王气魄。此殿为清太宗皇太极陛见臣下,宴请外国使臣以及处理大政的常朝之处。公元1636年,后金改国号为大清的大典就在此举行。“东巡”诸帝于此举行“展谒山陵礼成”等庆贺典礼。
凤凰楼
崇政殿北首的凤凰楼,建造在4米高的青砖台基上,有三层,三滴水歇山式围廊,顶铺黄琉璃瓦,镶绿剪边。此楼为盛京最高建筑,故有《盛京八景》之一“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”等传称。凤凰楼上藏有乾隆御笔亲题的“紫气东来”匾。
清宁宫
清宁宫为五开间前后廊硬山式。是清太宗皇太极和皇后博尔济吉特氏居住的“中宫”。
室门开于东次间,屋内西侧构成“筒子房”格局,东梢间为帝后寝宫。宽大的支摘窗式样朴素,棂条皆以“码三箭”式相交,宫门亦不用隔扇式。正对宫门竖立祭天的“索伦竿”,此均为源自满族民间的传统风格。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦镶缘剪边,前后皆方形檐柱,柱头饰兽面,檀枋施彩绘等,则是吸收汉、藏民族建筑艺术。
文溯阁
文溯阁建于1782年(乾隆四十七年)。专为存放《文溯阁四库全书》而建,
另有《古今图书集成》亦存于阁内。是沈阳故宫西路的主体建筑,建筑形式仿照浙江宁波的天一阁,面阔六间,二楼三层重檐硬山式,前后出廊,上边盖黑色琉璃瓦加绿剪边,前后廊檐柱都装饰有绿色的地仗。所有的门、窗、柱都漆成绿色,外檐彩画也以蓝、绿、白相间的冷色调为主,这与其它宫殿红金为主的外檐彩饰迥然不一样。其彩绘画题材也不用宫殿中常见的行龙飞凤,而是以“白马献书”、“翰墨卷册”等与藏书楼功用相谐的图案,给人以古雅清新之感。采用黑色琉璃瓦为顶,主要是为了使整座建筑外观风格相统一。文溯阁后面,有抄手殿廊连之后仰熙斋,斋后为九间房,其中有芍药圃、梧桐院等。这是乾隆皇帝“东巡”时的读书之所。
金水桥
沈阳故宫博物院副院长李声能透露,沈阳故宫正门前的“金水桥”属于违规建筑,与整个风貌不相符。沈阳市文物部门已经下发了整改拆除通知限期拆除。
20__年9月25日14时30分许,沈阳故宫东南侧,在“金水桥”施工墙外,有一大片被围挡围起的施工工地。从围挡的缝隙中能够看到,工地中一辆作业车正在施工。
最佳旅游时光
沈阳的春天和秋天时光短促,升温、降温幅度很大;夏季平均气温24度,比南方凉快3-5度;冬季寒冷干燥,务必携带羽绒服或棉大衣。雨季主要在春、夏与夏秋之交。每年4-10月是沈阳旅游的黄金季节。你们来的正是时候。
当地特产
沈阳的美食佳肴历史悠久,制作精湛,在满族菜肴基础上,借鉴和发展了传统宫廷的精良技术,又荟萃了中国名菜之精华,构成了自我的独特风格。满汉全席是最具有代表性的。由于历史上,沈阳一向由少数民族和汉族轮流统治,因此也传入了各民族的风味小吃。比如回民小吃马家烧麦,满族小吃那家白肉血肠,朝鲜族的打糕、烤牛肉、西塔大冷面等。沈阳也有自我的传统小吃老边饺子,老山记海城馅饼。
沈阳主要商业街区分布在中街(步行街)、太原街一带。沈阳的大部分商厦营业时光一般是上午9:00开门,晚上10:00关门。五爱市场,位于沈河区风雨坛街,是全国五大集贸市场之一,是辽宁乃至东北地区服装轻工批发市场,品种齐全、物美价廉。公交117路、125路、132路、133路、134路、151路、207路、212路、213路、222路、223路、224路、224路区间238路246路、256路、263路、266路、270路、273路、274路、277路、293路、297路、298路、326路、333路、334路、338路、501路、523路、800路可达。南湖公园古文物市场,有几十家店铺经营着古玩、字画、印章、瓷器、玉器、木雕、珊瑚、珠宝翠钻;还有遍体绿锈的历代古钱。沈阳的名特产品,如御赐枕、羽毛画、绢花、彩石镶嵌画等,都能在那里觅得。每逢周日,那里格外热闹。
游客们游玩好沈阳的古遗址、古城址、古墓葬、古建筑、烽火台、边墙和历史纪念物、革命纪念物后。能够到具有现代性的娱乐场所去娱乐放松一下。
更多相似范文
篇1:2024年沈阳故宫导游词
沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年(1625年)是清太祖迁都之际草创,清崇德元年(1636年)由皇太极建成。1644年,大清迁都北京,“沈阳故宫”从此成为“陪都宫殿”。“沈阳故宫”是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极修建并使用过的宫殿,距今巳有360余年的历史。在全国现存宫殿建筑群中,它的历史价值和艺术价值仅次于北京故宫居全国第二位。它是中国历史上最后的一个封建王朝的发祥重地,也是清统一中国后东北地区政治经济中心。
沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座,由20多个院落组成,总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。沈阳故宫是清代遗存下来的最早一组宫殿建筑群,它是国家级重点文物保护单位,希望大家有机会来观光这座气派非凡的帝王宫殿。谢谢大家。
篇2:故宫旅游心得体会小学
嗨,朋友们,你去过厦门吗?厦门可好玩了!要是你没有去过那也不要紧,我现在就带你们去!
厦门,位于福建省的东南部,凑近大海。有时候,烟雾迷漫,使人感到这里宛若就是瑶池。
第一天,我们去了梦幻水世界,这里的景象可以用四个字来形容:人山人海。
第二天,我们乘船去鼓浪屿游玩,听说鼓浪屿的每个地方都是风景。
一踏上这个小岛,我便觉得特别舒畅。在这里,听不到自行车的铃声,听不到汽车的喇叭声,更没有城市里可怕的噪音。一切都是那么宁静,只有清脆的鸟啼和浪花拍打海岸的声响。
我们顺着龙头路往里走,道路两旁的建筑是那样的新颖奇特,看吧,这里有低矮的日本式别墅,也有高高矗立的白石楼,有西方国家几十年前留下的使馆,也有古朴、典雅的教堂,真是各具特色呀!
鼓浪屿不愧为“海上花园”。这里盛开着千姿百态、姹紫嫣红的各种花。玉盘似的荷叶衬托着含苞欲放的荷花,惹人爱玲。玫瑰充分飘洒自己的芬芳,不断从花苞里渗出幽香……真是琳琅满目,令人心旷神怡。
当夕阳美丽的余晖映红海面的时候,我们依依不舍的下了山,踏上了路程。
第三天、第四天我们还游玩了厦门科技馆、厦门大学。短短四天很快就要结束了,厦门不仅是一座充满浪漫与温情的城市,又是一座科技发达的现代化大城市,令我依依不舍。
要回家咯!我们整好东西,带上了厦门的大芒果,跟着动车一路飞奔……
篇3:导游词的北京故宫
各位朋友,先自我介绍一下……。今日我将带大家参观故宫博物院,此刻我先为大家作个简单介绍。
故宫位于北京市城区中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模、建筑雄伟、保存完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的权力中心,它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群,成为明清时代中国礼貌无价的历史见证。1987年,北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。
故宫座北朝南,开有四条门。各位朋友,那里就是故宫的正门,叫午门,意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼,楼顶飞檐翅起,从上头看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰,故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420年,位于端门之北,雄伟壮观。
各位朋友,此刻我们已经进入故宫。那里是故宫进院落,首先出此刻我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥,它们象征五德,即仁、义、礼、智、信,是皇帝集完美的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河,跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场,那里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。
好,下头请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。此刻我们来到了故宫中重要的院落--太和殿及其广场,那里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。好!那里能够拍下远处太和殿的全景,各位能够在此留个影,过一会儿,我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。
各位朋友,我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别的建筑,仅有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用,象征皇权的至高无上,太和殿俗称金銮殿,是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年,当时叫奉天殿。之后,该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后,重修三大殿,并将皇极殿改为太和殿。
太和殿高35米,东西长64米,南北宽33米,面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间,进深5间,规模为紫禁城内大殿之。装饰用的彩绘为等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为等级的重檐庑殿顶,就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前的,总之处处显示,那是皇帝认为“老子天下”思想的体现。
看完了太和殿,我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下头,请大家跟我来一齐参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。
各位朋友,这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的后一座大殿,叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场,自乾隆皇帝以后,那里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。
好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束,此刻请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息,我们10分钟后集合,多谢大家!
各位,故宫整个院落分为两大部分,即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方,以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方,主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。此刻,我介绍一下故宫的后半部分,即“后寝”。
各位朋友,此刻我们来到了乾清宫,这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方,殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案,正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾,那是清朝皇帝的祖训,作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。
由于时间关系,我们就先讲到那里,此刻请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看,这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿,这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字,那里是康熙皇帝的御笔,意思是期望后代能够以德制国,施以仁政,以图国家长治久安。
各位朋友,此刻我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园,那里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家能够在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。
好啦,各位朋友,故宫中路的讲解到此结束。
篇4:故宫遗产的导游词
各位游客:
大家好!欢迎来到北京故宫,我叫王。非常荣幸能为大家提供服务,希望在我的陪伴下,能让您度过愉快的一天。现在让我们一起去领略世界遗产--北京故宫。
故宫,又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫,故宫是世界现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年),共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。紫禁城占地72万多平方米,共有宫殿9000多间。
我们现在站的位置是故宫的太和殿。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三大殿和三大宫。故宫三大殿:太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑,是皇帝举行大典的地方;中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方;保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。故宫三大宫:乾清宫、慈宁宫、坤宁宫,是皇帝处理日常政务和帝后及其年幼子女居住的地方。大家游览故宫应注意,一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍贵的文物。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统,显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。
现在大家可以自由参观,一定要注意保持故宫环境卫生,一小时后在故宫后门集合,请准时哦!
篇5:故宫导游词
亲爱的游客们:
大家好!我是你们的向导,我名叫陈,叫我陈导就好了。现在我将带领你们欣赏我国的世界遗产——故宫。
故宫为我国明清两朝的皇宫,也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时应不乱扔垃圾、不触摸物品,这样才能欣赏到有历史气息的故宫。
进了太和殿的大门,展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建筑,很是引人注目,那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征,每当有重大活动时,皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的宫殿,分别是中和殿、保和殿。
游完了辉煌的太和殿,再向北走,我们能感觉到这儿的生活气息很浓。这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的,后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它的格局,布局,古色古香,,花草树木点缀其间,亭台阁楼相依相存,是个精心雅致,赏心悦目的好地方。大家跟着我走,故宫东边这座角楼和其他三座角楼遥相呼应。它们的造型奇特,精美绝伦,与周围环境构成一幅完美的图画。
这气魄雄伟的工程凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧啊!
这次旅游到此结束,祝大家愉快,谢谢!
篇6:关于沈阳故宫导游词800字
大家好!我是小吴,古天由我去带领大家游览沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫始修于后金天命十年(1625年),修成于清崇德元年(1636年),是清太祖努尔哈赤以及清太宗皇太极营制以及使用过的宫殿。清世祖福临也曾在这里继位,改元“顺乱”、并于当年进闭,统乱齐中国。沈阳故宫占地6万多仄方米,齐部修建计300多间,共组成20多个院落。按其布局,可分为东路、中路以及西路三大全数。我们诡计游用三个小时的光阴往游览,现在我们已将到了,大家下车,先听我说几句。
首先,我告诉大家,注意的变乱。第一,大家要紧跟我身后,没有要走拾了。第两,要在划定的光阴内乱争集开,假如找没有到了,请拨打我的手机。第三,没有要治扔器材,讲卫生。第四,坚持安静,没有要大喊大叫。好了,出收了。
沈阳故宫是中国现存仅次于南京故宫的最完整的皇宫修建。在修建艺术上承袭了中国今代修建的传统,集汉、满、蒙族艺术为一体,具备很高的”"汗青”"以及艺术价格。
大家看,这座占地六万仄方米的今修建群始修于625年,修成于1636年,齐部修建90余所,300余间。清朝入闭后对盛京皇宫又举行了回护以及扩修,到坤隆时基本相成古日规模。
大家看,沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的太政殿、崇政殿,排如雁行的十王亭、万宇炕心袋房的清宁宫,今朴典俗的文朔阁,和凤凰楼等高台修建。在中国宫殿修建史上,绝无唯一;那机富满族情调的“宫高殿低”的修建作风,更是“别无分号”。
沈阳老乡内乱争的大街号“井”字形,故宫就设在“井”字形大街的中央,占地6万仄方米,现有今修建114座。次要修建有大政殿,十王亭、大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫、文溯阁等。大政殿是用去入行诸如揭晓诏书、戎行出征、迎接将士班师以及皇帝即位等大典之处。十王亭则是右左翼王以及八旗大臣干事之处。这种君臣开署干事于宫廷的现象,表现了”"创业”"早期君臣仄等的汗青,也是从打世界到坐世界的君臣仄等的延续。到了进闭后,从南京故宫合始,这种仄等被逐渐突破,最终形成了高高在上的君王。
二端高耸的修建是沈阳故宫里仅有的烟囱。故宫里每一个房间的炕火都从地下的通叙汇聚到这个烟囱里,这是他们金瓯无缺的思想的象征。这个烟囱共有11级,最下面一级只需三块砖构成。导游说,这个金瓯无缺的烟囱反而成了清朝的谶语:清朝共有11位皇帝,最后的宣统帝只作了三年江山,等于那三块砖的预示。想当年努尔哈赤在建修这个金瓯无缺烟囱的时候,假如早知云云,一定会加多几层吧?!
上面,请大家自由观光。三个小时后在这里定时集开。
篇7:故宫导游词大全
各位朋友,先自我介绍一下。今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院,现在我先为大家作个简单介绍。
故宫位于北京市城区中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心,它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群,成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年,北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。
各位朋友,现在我们已经进入故宫。这里是故宫第一进院落,首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥,它们象征五德,即仁、义、礼、智、信,是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河,跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场,这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。
好,下面请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场,这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。好!这里可以拍下远处太和殿的全景,各位可以在此留个影,过一会儿,我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。
太和殿高35米,东西长64米,南北宽33米,面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间,进深5间,规模为紫禁城内大殿之最。装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶,就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的,总之处处显示第一,那是皇帝认为老子天下第一思想的体现。
看完了太和殿,我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面,请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。
各位朋友,这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿,叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场,自乾隆皇帝以后,这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。
好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束,现在请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息,我们10分钟后集合,谢谢大家!
各位,故宫整个院落分为两大部分,即前朝和后寝。前朝是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方,以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。后寝是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方,主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。现在,我介绍一下故宫的后半部分,即后寝。
各位朋友,现在我们来到了乾清宫,这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方,殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案,正中挂着一块正大光明匾,那是清朝皇帝的祖训,作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。
由于时间关系,我们就先讲到这里,现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看,这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿,这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有无为二字,那里是康熙皇帝的御笔,意思是希望后代能够以德制国,施以仁政,以图国家长治久安。
各位朋友,现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园,这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。
好啦,各位朋友,故宫中路的讲解到此结束。
篇8:介绍故宫导游词
大家好!我是你们这次旅行的导游。我叫慕迎暄,今天我要带领大家游览的是北京故宫。
各位朋友,现在我们已经进入故宫。此处是故宫第一院落,首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥,它们象征五德,即仁 义 礼 智 信,是皇帝既美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是內金水河,跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场,这里即时明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。
所谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门,“听政”即指听取政事。您可能觉得新鲜,这堂堂的皇帝放着那么多的宫殿不用,偏偏跑到这里来处理政事,是不是有点做作呀?其实这并不是皇帝故弄玄虚,而是出于无奈。
好啦,现在开始自由活动,请记住以下三点:1。不乱涂乱画。2。不乱扔垃圾。3。不在墙上刻字。祝你们旅行愉快!谢谢!
篇9:沈阳故宫导游词英文版
我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家4A级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢,我们一齐来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。
沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年。先后经过三次大规模建设,构成了东、中、西三路格局。然后东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期,主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期,主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢,建于清乾隆年间,主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋,它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢,沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应,却又有着截然不一样的建筑风格。此刻呢我们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。
首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门,它俗称午门,也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方,也是清太宗皇太极理解群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清,皇宫的正门就是国门,所以称为大清门。还有一个传说,这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称,只是叫做大门。之后,皇太极改国号为大清,听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门,然后于是为了体现针锋相对,就将此门命名为大清门。
我们穿过大清门,此刻正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”,俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。
我们能够看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦,镶绿剪边,那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦,有去过北京故宫的朋友必须会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的,接下来是而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。
我们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷,和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。我们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸,那么大家明白它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧,他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”,是皇宫中重要的防火设施,象征缸中水多似海,能够镇火灾。
我们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文,我们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍,两边都是刺,加上圈和点,就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左,汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左,满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。
我们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额,是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下方呢是皇帝的宝座,据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙,再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子,正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。此刻崇政殿呢,我们就游览到那里。
眼前的雄伟建筑呢,就是凤凰楼。它建在3。8米高的青砖台基上,为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼,是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢,然后是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅仅是当时后宫的正门,又是当时盛京城的最高建筑,所以有“凤楼晓日”之称,并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就能够看到抚顺城呢。
穿过凤凰楼呢我们来到了一处院落,此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。我们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫,是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。然后我们能够看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋,所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫,又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室,各有火炕又称龙床。1643年,皇太极就在那里‘端坐无疾而终’,终年52岁,后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢,设有两口大锅,它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下,这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵,如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动,则表示神灵不满意,则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。然后是那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头,满族人认为此时的猪已经通神,成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净,切成大块,放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟,那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用,然后再分给参加祭祀的人们,称为“吃福肉”,满族人相信吃了福肉,福气就会降临到每个人的身上。
那么我们此刻来到西一侧的房间,西侧呢三间通连,北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕,称为“万字炕”,那里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处,也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。
清宁宫与汉族建筑不一样的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后,而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会我们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房,万字炕,烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。
我们出了清宁宫呢,大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是:关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们下方逐一参观。
关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女,永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁,但皇太极却对海兰珠有着很深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝,终日郁郁寡欢,在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年,皇太极也去世了,据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。
这是衍庆宫,是皇太极淑妃的寝宫,其女,被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻
这是麟趾宫,是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫,其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。
我们最之后看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响,庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃,被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女,关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能,辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年,庄妃病逝,享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。
大家看,在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆,接下来木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问,为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时,曾绝望的躺在地上,这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地,认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的,就这样满族的祖先得救了。之后满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德,开始供奉乌鸦,祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。
此刻呢,我们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱,也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?然后是对一共有十一层,我告诉大家在十一层上方还有三块砖。那么这怎样讲哪?问大家一个小问题:清朝有多少位皇帝,又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。
好了,朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到那里,期望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。此刻大家能够自由活动30分钟,30分钟之后,我们在正门集合。
篇10:北京故宫简短导游词
大家好!欢迎你们来到北京,我是你们的导游,我姓彭。现在我们前往北京故宫,在接下来的时间里,将由我来陪大家游览故宫。希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。请大家准备好垃圾袋,果皮纸屑勿随地乱扔。现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧!
故宫原名叫紫禁城,占地72万平方米,其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米,南北长961米,东西宽753米,周围有10米高的城墙环绕,还有宽52米的护城河,在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计,故宫有大小院落90多座,房屋有980座,共计8704间。
进入午门,我们首先看到的就是内金水河,它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场,上边还有五座汉白玉石桥,就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道,也是建筑和灭火的主要水源,同时还起到了点缀景观的作用,使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。
我们面前就是太和殿了,它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上,台基南北长230米,高8.13米,在四周围还建有一些楼阁,其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑,面积有2377平方米,通高35.05米,面阔11间,进深5间。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻,往下还有11个垂脊兽,异兽的数量越多,代表了殿宇等级越高。
各位朋友,现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园——御花园,这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。整个花园呈长方形,占地虽然只有1.2万平方米,但却容纳了大小20多座不同风格的建筑。布局紧凑,小巧玲珑。
好啦,各位朋友,故宫的讲解到此结束,现在请各位自由参观, 5分钟后我们在门口集合。谢谢各位的合作。
篇11:介绍故宫导游词
大家好!我的名字叫沈蕾,是你们这次旅行的导游,你们可以叫我沈导,在这里首先祝你们旅游愉快!下车时,请大家小心阶梯。
下面我给你们介绍介绍故宫吧!北京故宫,又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心。今天人们称它为故宫,意为过去的皇宫。它是明朝皇帝朱棣征调无数能工巧匠,用了20xx年时间建成的宏伟建筑。故宫占地72万平方米,共有房屋9000多间,是世界上规模最大、保存最完好的古代皇宫建筑群。宫殿沿着一条南北走向的中轴线排列,左右对称,布局严整。故宫外沿还有4个门,正门名午门、东门名东华门、西门名西华门、北门名神武门。外朝最引人注意的是三座大殿:太和殿、中和殿和保和殿,我也不细细介绍了,过一会儿你们可以自由游赏。
绕过三大殿,我们到了故宫的后半部分,以乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫为中心,东西两侧有东六宫和西六宫,主要是皇帝和后妃居住的地方。与外朝建筑的雄伟壮丽不同,内廷非常富有生活气息。其中乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫,坤宁宫在明朝是皇后的寝宫。走完了坤宁宫,我们到了后面的御花园,这里是专供皇帝和后妃休息、游玩的场所,园内有高耸的松柏、珍贵的花木和玲珑别致山石。
好了,我的介绍到这儿结束了,你们可以随意游赏,17:30分后从东门的东华门出来集合。请注意不要在园内乱扔垃圾、随意刻写,祝你们旅途愉快!
篇12:北京故宫导游词1500字
各位游客大家好、
我先简单的介绍一下故宫、故宫是世界上显存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群、故宫又叫紫禁城、它整座城池建成于公元1420xx年、位于天安门广场北侧、自故宫建成后先后有明清24位皇帝在此执政、
故宫平面呈长方形、南北长960米、东西宽750米、全面积72万平方米、整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕、城墙高10米、可谓是“城高池宽”、
故宫开四门、座北朝南、南门为午门、即正门、北门为神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门、
整个院落分为二大部分、即“前朝”和“后寝”、“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方、以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主、“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年子嗣们居住的地方、主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主、据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半、如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不同的房间、等他住遍所有的房间后已经是一个27岁的年轻人了、
接下来、我们将要参观的是午门、在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼、楼顶飞檐翅起、从上面看就像五只展翅欲飞的凤凰、故午门又称五凤楼、它位于端门之北、雄伟壮观、
午门在明代这里是举行献俘大典的地方、大家可能听说过“推出五门斩首”、这里虽是午门、但却不是砍头的地方、在明朝的时候、这里是廷杖之所、
进入故宫的院落、首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥、跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场、这里既是明代皇帝御门听证时百官待驾的地方、
接下来参观的是太和殿广场及太和殿、这里是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方、太和殿广场基本呈正方形、整个院落平坦宽阔、气势非凡、
太和殿坐落在八米多的汉白玉基座之上、庄严肃穆、在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙、那些小龙是传说中一种没有角的龙、他们是大殿的排水系统、每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔、即喷水孔、三层基座之上共设有小龙头1142个、每当下大雨的时候、雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出、非常壮观、为宫中一景、被称为“千龙吐水”、
太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑、只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用、象征皇权的至高无上、太和殿俗称金銮殿、是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作、太和殿始建于1420xx年、当时叫奉天殿、后来、改叫皇极殿、清顺治皇帝登基后、重修三大殿、并将皇极殿改为太和殿、意思是、宇宙间的一切关系都可以得到协调的意思、后来康熙年间又重修第二次、才有今天的规模、它是紫禁城内大殿之最、装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺、殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶、就连大殿上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的、总之出处显示“第一”、那是“老子天下第一”思想的体现、
大殿内的陈设简单而又富丽堂皇、地上是“金砖漫地”、皇帝的九龙宝座位于二米高的楠木高台上、皇帝升座后、颇有居庙堂之高、君临天下之威风、宝座前陈设有宝象、仙鹤、香亭等物品、都取其美好的寓意、
在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只乌龟和仙鹤、取之龟鹤延年之意、江山社稷万代相传、此外、还有日晷、嘉量、是古代的计时工具和计量器具、象征皇帝公正无私、对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的、
看完了太和殿,我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面,请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位朋友,这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿,叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场。
现在我们来到了乾清宫,这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方,殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案,正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾,那是清朝皇帝的祖训,作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。
现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看,这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿,这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字,那里是康熙皇帝的御笔,意思是希望后代能够以德制国,施以仁政,以图国家长治久安。
大家现在看到的是坤宁宫、坤宁宫是在紫禁城内居住的地方、坤宁即是像大地一样宁静、安忍不动、意思是说皇后是后宫之主、母仪天下、应该有大地一样安忍不动的胸怀、后来、自雍正皇帝开始坤宁宫西部改成了萨满教的祭祀场所、东部改为皇帝大婚的洞房、
各位朋友,现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园,它位于北京故宫中轴线最北端、这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。整个花园呈长方形,占地虽然只有1.2万平方米,但却容纳了大小20多座不同风格的建筑。御花园以钦安殿为中心、中轴线上的唯一的一所宗教性建筑、
神武门是紫禁城的北门,明代曾叫玄武门,清代为了避讳康熙皇帝玄烨的“玄”字,改为神武门。神武门是皇家的报时台,原来门楼上设有钟鼓,每天早晨鸣钟,晚上击鼓,为在紫禁城居住的帝后们报时,此外皇帝外出巡幸也出此门。
好了、我们就先讲到这里、下面给大家2个小时自由参观的时间、大家要保护好自己的随身物品、保护好文化遗产、希望大家玩的愉快、
篇13:介绍故宫导游词
紫禁城是皇帝的住所,所以又名皇家的宫殿。在封建社会,皇帝的住所是禁止普通人进入的,故名紫禁城。
故宫为长方形,面积为72公顷,52米宽的护城河和10米高的城墙环绕着,四个角各有一个角楼,在古代为重兵所把守。
故宫始建于明朝初年,也就是1420xx年。当时建成故宫后,明朝的首都马上就从南京移动到了北京。从明朝初年到清朝末年,一共有24位皇帝住在这里,其中14个在明朝,10个在清朝。在620xx年的时光中,故宫见证了许多的变化在明清时期。1911革命之后,清朝被推翻,末代皇帝浦仪也被赶出了故宫。1920xx年,故宫作为博物馆向公众开放,后来被称为故宫博物馆。
午门是故宫的正门,在中国古代时期,一般的建筑正门都是南门,午门是专门为皇帝通过的门,主要用于皇帝去天坛祭天等。午门的命名是皇帝认为它的宫殿建在子午线上,是宇宙的中心。门前的小广场是皇帝颁布新年历法的地方在每年的十月初一,当将军从战场回来时候,献俘大典也在这里举行。
走进午门就进入了故宫,故宫是世界上最大的皇家宫殿建筑群。据民间的传说,故宫有9999.5间房子,它分为外朝和内廷两大部分,外朝为政务区,内廷为皇帝的生活区。太和门是外朝的入口,门前内金水河流过,它的主要功能是防火,而五座石桥跨于内金水河之上,代表着孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。孔子就是中国最著名的哲学家,生于春秋时期,也就是公元前7世纪。五座石桥中,中间的是皇帝专用的。它的栏杆雕刻是龙,而其他的石桥的栏杆雕刻是荷花。龙是一种想象中的动物,说到龙这个词,中国人马上就可以想到一个巨大的牛头,鹿角,虾眼,鹰爪,蛇身和狮尾,整个身子被鱼鳞覆盖的动物。在中国的传统中,龙被认为是权力的象征,凤凰被认为是幸运的象征。在封建社会,皇帝就是龙的化身,而皇后则是凤凰的化身。因为龙生活在水中,龙可以控制水,所以在中国有水的地方,人们都会修建一座龙王庙来祈求平安。在故宫中你可以看到数百万只龙,它们分布在彩绘、雕刻、服装、装饰中,你可以自己去寻找它们在故宫内。
进了太和门,这里可以看到游览图,在古代中国,所有的建筑都有中轴线,最好最重要的建筑都是沿着中轴线而建的。今天我们的主要游览也是沿着中轴线来参观的,我们将参观皇帝的典礼所、办公室、卧室和花园等。
穿过太和门,你将看到中国最大的宫殿,它叫太和殿,它是用来举行大的仪式的地方。例如,皇帝生日、皇帝大婚,战争胜利,召见外国使节等。当仪式开始后,所有的文武百官都要跪在地上扮演三拜九叩。
另外,你可以看到屋顶的琉璃瓦都是黄颜色的,在中国,屋顶的颜色有三个等级,最高的为蓝色,象征蓝天,只有在天坛才可以看到;第二等是黄色,象征皇帝,这可以在一些皇家建筑中看到,比如故宫或明陵等;第三等是绿色,象征大臣,是大臣家允许用的颜色。而普通人家的屋顶只允许用灰色瓦,如果使用其他颜色,就是犯罪,会被杀死的。
在太和殿下面的石台基,我们把它叫做须弥山。这名字来源于佛教,在佛经里说,须弥山是宇宙最高的山。所以这里叫须弥山是为了说明上面的太和殿的至高无上的地位。在台基上拜摆放的是香炉,当大典开始时候,会烧一些松柏,制造出烟雾,下面的人看到太和殿在云雾之中,好象天上的宫殿,给人以庄严的感觉。
在台基上可以看到东边摆着的是日晷,西边的是嘉粮,它们放 这里是象征着皇帝的公正与无私。铜龟和铜鹤象征着长寿,它们实际上也是香炉。
大殿就是太和殿,为木结构建筑,所有的木材都是运自于西南中国的,所有的柱子都是单根的木头。你可以去看看大殿内的布局和摆设,在正中央有个木台子,上面是龙椅,后面有屏风,前面几个是景泰蓝的香炉,地上铺着一张有龙图案的真丝地毯。门口那里很拥挤,我会在铜龟那里等你们。
由于故宫大多数建筑都是木结构的,很容易着火,因此,故宫内有很多大缸,功能是储水防火,其中有18个为镏金的,但在1860年英法联军侵入北京,他们在故宫里抢走了很多的珍宝,最后士兵发现了这水缸上的金子,他们用刺刀把缸表面的金子全部刮掉了,现在你还可以看到刺刀留下的痕迹。
中和殿的作用是作为休息室。当皇帝举行大典之前,皇帝要在这里休息。在皇帝去天坛祭祀天神之前,他要在这里读祭祀的文章。里面的摆设和前面差不多,也都是龙椅、香炉和地毯等。
在古代,保和殿就是人民大会堂的宴会厅,在每年春节的时候,皇帝要在这里举行宴会,宴请蒙古王公和外国使节。在清朝,保和殿也作为皇家考试的场所。在封建社会里,国家的考试分为四等,童试、乡试、会试和殿试。殿试是当时等级最高的考试,当通过了这种考试,你就可以成为大官了。
在保和殿的后面有一块石雕,长16米,宽3米,雕有云和龙,是故宫内最大的单块石雕。
下面我要带你去参观皇帝的卧室,外红墙的外面有两个长方形的房子,在古代,这里是军事大臣商议军务的地方,现在呢,西边这个是纪念品商店,而东边那个是星巴克咖啡。
皇帝的卧室叫做养心殿,在门口你会看到一件玉雕,这是由一整块玉雕刻而成的,外面罩有一个非常精致的龙雕刻的青铜罩,玉是方形的,中间有一个圆孔。在古代中国的意识里,天空是圆形的,而地是方形的。这个东西摆在这里是根据中国的泥土占卜学而定的,而且玉是自古的权力象征,可以辟邪,我们中国把这种学问叫做风水学。另外,比如我们要建房子、陵墓等建筑前,都要请一个风水家来看看这块土地是否可以来建设,如果不好的话,那么还要重新选择。即使房子建成了还要请风水家来看,哪里位置不吉利还要再摆放一些东西以辟邪,玉器是最常用的东西,因为它本身具有磁场,可以转变人的运气。养心殿这个小院子,在故宫中不是最大的,但却是最有名的,因为这里集中了皇帝的办公室、卧室和皇后的卧室等。左边的房子四皇帝和军事大臣商议军务大事的地方,你也知道,军务对一个国家来讲非常重要,所以在窗外有特别建设了一道墙来防止外人的偷听。里面那间房子是皇帝专门收藏书法作品的地方,因为中国的书法是一门艺术,古代中国的一些书法家留下的书法非常珍贵,一个字超过百万美圆。不知道你对中国的电影有多少了解,可能你会看过末代皇帝、卧虎藏龙、英雄等影片,还有一部中国电影同样非常有名,叫做垂帘听政。电影讲述了在清朝末年的一个非常有权力的女人,叫慈禧太后,她控制着儿童皇帝,处理国家的事务,电影里描述的这些事件就发生在东房间。这里有一丝帘子,帘子后是一张大椅子,为慈禧太后的座位,前面的小椅子是儿童皇帝坐的地方。看起来是皇帝上朝,实际上,真正的权力是在帘子的后面。
后院是皇帝和皇后居住的地方。院子中央放着一块水晶,象征洁白无暇。在里院是皇帝的卧室,而外院的这排房子是皇后的卧室,屋内的摆设维持原来的模样,你可以看到当时皇帝的喜好,包括钟表、玉雕、丝绸、金银器、珍珠等,有一种蓝色的工艺品叫景泰蓝,是北京的独有的手工艺品,过去仅仅为皇家专用。院子东边有一排房子,我们把它叫做等候室,在古代,每天晚上会在这里有五个妃子等候皇帝的挑选,每个房子里有一个。为了安全问题,所有的妃子都不许穿衣服,全身赤裸,然后用一条丝毯裹着被送到这里。到傍晚时,皇帝会慢慢走过这条走廊,看见哪个妃子满意就在窗前放一个玉雕,那么当天晚上这个妃子就可以跟着皇帝就寝了。在明清时期,皇帝只有一个皇后,但却有很多妃子,数量最大的时候超过了三千人。她们通常用耳朵上的珍珠来区分大小,最大的珍珠我们叫做珠王,是专门供皇后佩带的。
参观完养心殿后,我们就要去故宫的最后一个景点御花园了。这个花园规模比较小,皇帝每天都有大量的日常事务需要处理,非常繁忙。如果他有一天的自由活动时间,他会去颐和园度假;如果他有半天的时间,他会去北海或者景山散步;如果他仅仅有两个小时的空闲时间的话,他就只能这里活动了,一般就是和妃子聊天、下棋等。这里有许多的山石,都是人工的。这种奇怪的树我们叫它龙爪槐,是中国特有的品种。另外有一些古树,年龄都超过了520xx年。
好了,我们要走出故宫了,出去的时候记住留神那些私人商贩,我们要走大约5分钟到达停车区域,跟我来。
篇14:2024年北京故宫导游词
大家好!我是本次导游赵导,大家一定都听说过北京的故宫吧?没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产,是明、清两代的皇宫,也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心,旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧……
由天安门进入,穿过一片青砖铺地的广场,便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门,正门名午门,东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼,穿过午门,有广阔的大庭院,在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中,有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门,就进入了故宫的 “外朝”,故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,是皇帝举行朝会的地方,也称为“前朝”
。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事,听说它被天火焚毁过三次,也修好过三次,而且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心,两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫,绕过内廷,我们最后来到了御花园,御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来,会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。
游览故宫,可以从天安门进,也可以由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿,穿过乾清门,便进入内廷,内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游,这三条路线只能游一条,一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说,用半天时间游故宫,比较吃力,想要知识更广,大家就再细细去游赏吧!
篇15:沈阳故宫导游词
游客朋友们大家好,首先欢迎大家的到来,我叫王格申,是你们的导游,大家可以叫我王导,年长的游客们也可以直接称呼我小王,好了,先给大家讲讲我们的行程,我们第一个要去的地方就是我们的沈阳故宫。
说道故宫,大家肯低昂想到的都是北京故宫,启示不用到北京也能看到故宫的,没错那就是沈阳故宫,沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一,另外一个不用我多说大家应该都知道是哪一个了吧,沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,宫内建筑物保存完好。
现在大家就在沈阳故宫的门口,大家都看到了它的规模比占地72万平方米的北京故宫要小得多,但是,它在建筑上有自己的特色,这些就需要有颗朋友们自己去体会品味了,这里现在是沈阳最重要的游览点。
沈阳故宫建于1625年,是后金第一代汗努尔哈赤开始修筑。努尔哈赤死后,第二代汗皇太极继续修建成功。沈阳故宫的建筑布局可以分为三路。东路为清太祖努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗皇太极时期续建的大中阙,包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、启福宫等。西路则是乾隆时期增建的文溯阁、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等。乾隆时皇宫已在北京,但他有时也“东巡”回沈阳看看。
现在我们来到了沈阳故宫的东路,这里是很有特色的。大政殿居中,两旁分列十个亭子,称为十王亭。大政殿是一座八角重檐亭子建筑,正门有两根盘龙柱,以示庄严。大政殿是用来举行大典,如颁布诏书,宣布军队出征,迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等的地方。从建筑上看,大政殿也是一个亭子,不过它的体量较大,装饰比较华丽,因此,称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的十座亭子。其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿。这十一座亭子,就是十一座帐篷的化身。帐篷是可以流动、迁移的,而亭子就固定起来了。这也显示了少数民族文化的一个发展。 崇政殿是沈阳故宫最重要的建筑,在中路,是皇太极日常临朝的地方。崇政殿北有一凤凰楼,三层,是当时盛京城内最高的建筑物。沈阳故宫博物馆所陈列的多半是旧皇宫遗留下来的宫廷文物。如努尔哈赤用过的剑,皇太极用过的腰刀和鹿角椅等。沈阳故宫博物馆陈列的艺术品也很丰富。在绘画陈列室里,有明、清两代一些大师的作品如清李鳟、金农、明文征明书画精品、陶瓷、雕刻、织乡、漆器等工艺品。
我的讲解就差不多, 现在给大家一点时间自己去观赏一下,半个小时候我们在这里集合,谢谢大家的配合。
篇16:写北京故宫的导游词
北京最令我向往的是那古代庞大的建筑群―故宫,在我六岁时我就想去故宫游玩了,可是一直没有机会。正好今年暑假妈妈单位要去北京旅游,我就趁着这个机会跟着妈妈去了趟北京。圆了自己心中的梦想。
穿过天安门,就来到了端门,再穿过午门就来到了故宫。首先映入我眼帘的是一个宽广的“广场”,据导游说,这就是文武百官进行早朝的地方。走进去,仿佛进入了大会堂,大约能站800人左右。前面就是著名的太和殿,里面金碧辉煌,金灿灿的宝座边上立着两只活灵活现的丹顶鹤,两边还有四根被金龙环绕的大柱子,足足要两人拉手才能环绕一圈。下面是从太湖底运来打磨过的太湖石,在中国这种太湖石非常珍稀,据说比黄金还贵重。我恋恋不舍地离开了太和殿,一边走一边参观,各个宫殿的布局都差不多,但都比不上前面的太和殿。
走着走着,我感到非常的疲惫了,这时一股清凉的风迎面吹来,我顿时精神一振,才发现我走进了御花园。大片大片的绿色植被让人眼睛一亮,在外面蒸得我透不过气来的热风一下子逃走了,取而代之的是树荫带来的清凉。石板两旁都是茂盛的侧柏,一座座假山上长满了翠绿的植被,假山是太湖石垒起来的,至今已有三四百年的历史,摸起来仍是那么的光滑,可见古代工匠们花了多少心血进行打磨,抛光的啊!帝王的安逸生活是多少老百姓的艰辛换来的。带着留恋不舍的心情我走出了故宫。
这个暑假令我印象最深的就是能去北京参观故宫,因为它不仅圆了我心中的梦想,而且让我感受到了故宫这件宏伟精美工艺品的魅力,更让我感受到了古代工匠们精湛的技艺和辛劳。百姓的生活是贫困的,被压迫在社会的最底层,深受剥削。而帝王将相们的生活是安逸的,是奢侈的。这故宫就是用老百姓的汗水和血水浇灌而成的,也是被压迫被剥削的象征,也是帝王统治阶级生活的一个缩影。
篇17:写北京故宫的导游词
大家好,欢迎你们来到北京玩,我叫黄,是你们的导游,你们叫我黄导或小黄都可以。
北京有许多举世闻名的景点,如:天安门,长城,紫禁城,天坛,北海公园,颐和园……今天我们要去的是紫禁城,紫禁城也叫故宫。于明代永乐十八年(公元1420xx年)建成,是明和清两代的皇宫,是无与伦比的古代建筑杰作,是世界现存最大,最完整的木质结构的古代建群。这里曾居住过24个皇帝,是明清两代的皇宫,现辟为“故宫博物院”。自明代皇帝朱棣在夺取帝位后,决定迁都北京,即开始紫禁城宫殿,至明乐十八年落成。北京故宫导游词开场白2篇小学作文-初中作文-高中作文-中考作文-高考作文-节日作文及各类中小学生作文。故宫占地72平方米,建筑面积约15平方米,共有殿宇8707间,被誉为五大宫之首。故宫都是木砖结构,黄琉璃瓦顶,青白石底座饰以金碧辉煌的彩绘,显得异常的华贵。我今天就说到这,待会你们可以尽情的拍照和买纪念品留念。
注意,不要到危险的地方去玩,要照顾好自己的小孩,5点准时回来集合去吃饭,祝你们玩得开心!
篇18:故宫英文导游词_导游词范文_网
forbidden city(紫禁城)
(in front of the meridian gate)
ladies and gentlemen:
i am pleased to serve as your guide today.
this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.
it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.
manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.
qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)
now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.
(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)
the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.
aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)
ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.
the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.
there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.
this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.
(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)
this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.
in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.
the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.
the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.
(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.
during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .
(in front of the hall of complete harmony)
the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.
(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)
this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.
(behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.
note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.
route a
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.
before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
route b
(inside the hall of heavenly purity)
ladies and gentlemen:
we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.
the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.
this hall was also used for mourning services.
(inside the palace of union and peace)
this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
route c
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.
(in front of the nine-dragon screen)
this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(approaching the imperial garden)
behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.
at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.
there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.
the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.
as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !
篇19:日语故宫导游词
今日はこれから故宫へご案内しますが、少し时间がございますので、故宫のあらましをご说明したいと思います。
故宫とはその字が表すとおり古い宫殿という意味で、中国の明、清両王朝の皇居として建造されたものです。当时は紫禁城と言っていましたが、1925年に故宫博物院と改められ、一般に公开されるようになりました。
紫禁城の造営を命じたのは、明の第三代皇帝朱てい、つまり永楽皇帝です。今から600年前の1406年に造営が始まり、约15年间かかり、1420年に落成しました。その后、何回も立て直されたり、増筑されたりして、いまの规模になりましたが、ここで明、清両代に渡って24人の皇帝が全中国を支配していたのです。
紫禁城は昔の北京城、つまり北京の町の中央线上にその中心が来るように建てられていて、その建筑规模は世界に并ぶものがありません。しかも、中国において、最も完全に保存されている最大の古代建筑群です。紫禁城は长方形で、南北960メートル、东西750メートル、敷地面积は72万平方メートル、建筑面积は15万平方メートルにも及んでいます。こんな広大な敷地の中を详しくご覧になるのでしたら一周间ぐらい必要だそうです。そこで今日は特徴あるところだけに触れ、実际に见学なさるときにまたその场でご案内したいと思います。
まず、故宫を见学されるとどなたでもすぐ気付かれることは、一种独特な色彩であることでしょう。宫殿全体を取りまいているのはベンガラ色の壁です。この色は単に美しいためばかりでなく、古来中国では尊さと豊かさを表すものとして、用いられてきました。また、夥しい建筑群の屋根は黄、绿、黒、紫などの瑠璃瓦が使われています。黄色は中国の五行学说の中で中央の方角を代表しているので、皇帝の色とされてきました。ですから、皇帝の住まい及び政务を司る所の建物には全て黄色の瑠璃瓦を用いたわけです。皇子たちの住まいには黄色に准ずる色として绿色の瑠璃瓦を用いていますし、文渊阁と名づけられている书物を入れておく仓库は、黒色の瑠璃瓦になっています。なぜ黒を使ったかと申しますと、黒は水を代表する色であったので、书库を火灾から守るためだそうです。さて、故宫の中へ一歩足を踏み入れられますと、どなたもどのぐらいの部屋があるのだろうかと思いになることでしょう。実は、この広大な敷地の中には9000间以上あるといわれています。最もこの「间」というのは柱と柱の间を表す言い方ですので、実际にはずっと少なくなるわけですが、それにしても夥しい数に违いありません。数え上げるのに相当な时间と根気がいるのです。
次にこれらの建物がどのように使用されてきたかについて、ざっとご说明したいと思います。故宫は主に前朝と内廷に分かれており、前朝は皇帝が厳かな式典を行い、権力を示す场所です。「太和殿」、「中和殿」、「保和殿」という三大宫殿を中心として、「文华殿」、「武英殿」が両侧に立っています。内廷のほうは「乾清宫」、「交泰殿」、「坤宁宫」及び「御花园」を中心に、両侧には东西六宫などの宫殿が立ち并んでいます。「乾清宫」は皇帝が住んでいた所ですが、ここも日常の政务が执り行われたり、大臣、部下や外国からの使节と会见する场所として使われていました。「交泰殿」は皇后の诞生祝いの仪式を挙げる所ですが、ここには皇帝の権威を表す25个の玉玺、つまり印鉴が纳められていました。「坤宁宫」は皇后の住まいとして使われた所です。「御花园」はもちろん皇帝、皇后、妃、皇子たちの憩いの场所。
篇20:北京故宫导游词范文400字
现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫,又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫,故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群,为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年),厉时十四年才完工,共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米,共有宫殿9000多间,都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座,饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统,显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。
我们到了,大家请下车。您看,这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿:太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上,远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙,都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座,金碧辉煌的彩画。第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑,俗称“金銮殿”,是皇帝举行大典的地方,殿高28米,东西63米,南北35米,柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上,前有造型?美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎,后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。
接下来我们去故宫博物院吧。跟大家说,故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物,据统计总共达1052653件之多,统称有文物100万件,占全国文物总数的1/6,其中有很多是绝无仅有的国宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等。故宫博物院里有一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄,通身缠绕着16条龙,形状生动,穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的,每个钢?片厚约1毫米,长4毫米,宽1.5毫米,钻上小孔,以便穿线连结。据说,为制造这套甲胄,共用了4万多个工时。
接下来请各位慢慢欣赏故宫。注意有带小孩的家长看好孩子,请大家互相照顾。要保护珍惜文物。祝大家玩得开心,再见!