故宫【精彩20篇】

嗨，朋友们，你去过厦门吗?厦门可好玩了!要是你没有去过那也不要紧，我现在就带你们去!

厦门，位于福建省的东南部，凑近大海。有时候，烟雾迷漫，使人感到这里宛若就是瑶池。

第一天，我们去了梦幻水世界，这里的景象可以用四个字来形容：人山人海。

第二天，我们乘船去鼓浪屿游玩，听说鼓浪屿的每个地方都是风景。

一踏上这个小岛，我便觉得特别舒畅。在这里，听不到自行车的铃声，听不到汽车的喇叭声，更没有城市里可怕的噪音。一切都是那么宁静，只有清脆的鸟啼和浪花拍打海岸的声响。

我们顺着龙头路往里走，道路两旁的建筑是那样的新颖奇特，看吧，这里有低矮的日本式别墅，也有高高矗立的白石楼，有西方国家几十年前留下的使馆，也有古朴、典雅的教堂，真是各具特色呀!

鼓浪屿不愧为“海上花园”。这里盛开着千姿百态、姹紫嫣红的各种花。玉盘似的荷叶衬托着含苞欲放的荷花，惹人爱玲。玫瑰充分飘洒自己的芬芳，不断从花苞里渗出幽香……真是琳琅满目，令人心旷神怡。

当夕阳美丽的余晖映红海面的时候，我们依依不舍的下了山，踏上了路程。

第三天、第四天我们还游玩了厦门科技馆、厦门大学。短短四天很快就要结束了，厦门不仅是一座充满浪漫与温情的城市，又是一座科技发达的现代化大城市，令我依依不舍。

要回家咯!我们整好东西，带上了厦门的大芒果，跟着动车一路飞奔……

人们都说：“故宫是我国乃至全世界保存得最完善，历史最悠久，最宏伟的一座宫殿。”我们乘着列车来到天安门广场附近，来观赏雄伟的故宫。

我看见过高耸入云的高楼大厦，游览过古色古香的四合院，却从没看见过雄伟壮丽的故宫。故宫的古建筑占地面积真大啊，大得让你辨别不出方向;故宫的古建筑真多啊，多得让你眼花缭乱;故宫的古建筑真宏伟啊，宏伟得令你瞠目结舌，不由地啧啧称赞。是在人群中穿梭，加上夏日的疲劳，那一座座拔地而起的千篇一律的宫殿，和身旁川流不息的游客，误以为自己还在原处。

我看见过现代豪华的设施，欣赏过四合院简朴的摆设，却从来没看见过故宫这样的摆设。故宫里的陈设真精致啊，那门、那屋檐、那龙椅、那……都被雕刻的美仑美奂，栩栩如生，让你对明朝木匠那巧夺天工的手艺惊叹不已。

这样雄伟的故宫，这样精致的陈设，虽然不能供应水、电、汽，但世人都为它别具一格的特色，而不远千里前来观赏，在这样的环境中，你似乎已经穿越时空，回到几千、几百年前，见到了古人，闻到了古人的气息。

欢迎你来到北京故宫！这里又称紫禁城，是明朝两代的皇宫，为我国现在最大最富贵的古建筑群，面积达15500平方米，房屋9000多间。故宫四周围有10米高的城墙，墙外四角各有一座华丽奇特的角楼。

从午门进入紫禁城，然后沿着中轴线依次参观内金水桥，太和门，太和殿，中和殿，乾明宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，御花园。参观完御花园，可以通过御花园左侧的门进入东六宫依次参观储秀宫，翎坤宫，永寿宫，咸福宫，长寿宫，太极殿，然后出内右门回到乾明广场，东行进入内左门，可依次参观延禧宫，永和宫，景阳宫，乘乾宫。参观完东六宫可沿东长庆门，然后再进入皇极门，可以参观皇极殿，宁寿宫，扮戏楼，畅音阁，养性殿，乾隆花园，贞妃井，最后出贞顺门西行出神武门就可以离开故宫了。

今天我能给你们当导游我感到非常荣幸，我跟着大家一起游览了美丽的北京故宫，高兴的度过了一天。希望你们再来北京故宫的时候再请我当导游，我会更好地讲解美丽的故宫的。

故宫导游词3分钟

故宫人对文物及其价值的认识有一个逐步深化的过程，故宫导游词3分钟有哪些呢?下面是的故宫导游词3分钟，欢迎阅读。

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是大伙的导游，大伙可以叫我朱导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作 紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和-谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6 根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人 在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。如一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。厉害!

旅游服务

游览故宫，可以从天-安-门进，也可以由后门----神武门进。进入天安 门，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门----午门。这里城墙 高大，城门楼巍峨壮观，给人以无比威严的感觉，使站在这里的人自己感 到渺小这是古代统治者利用建筑艺术来为增强其帝王威慑力量服务的一个 最突出的例子。穿过午门，又是一个大广场，广场上有一金水桥。过桥经 太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。从高处看，金水桥和流经广场的那条御河，其 形状恰像一把巨大的弓。经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进 入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线 只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看皇帝的卧室(乾清宫)，放置皇帝印玺的地方(交泰殿)，皇帝结婚的新房(坤宁宫)，嫔妃所住的地方(其中 有的已辟为展厅)和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力。 以安排一日游为佳。如有时间，又想看得细些，则可安排二日游。

故宫导游词3分钟2

大家好!我是神州旅游公司的导游，大家可以叫我“小萱”。今天，我将陪大家一起参观故宫。

故宫又名紫禁城，这里宫殿巍峨，楼阁重重，白玉雕栏，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。这座金光熠熠的“宫殿之海”占地72万平方千米，建筑面积15万平方米，有各式宫殿890座，房屋近9000间。

故宫导游词3分钟3

请大家跟着我的脚步，我们面前的就是著名的故宫博物院。好，跨进这个大门，我们就来到故宫到廷三大殿中最大的一殿——太和殿，民间俗称“金銮殿”。

它建于明永乐十八年也就是1420xx年，清康熙三十四年就是1695年重建，大家猜猜太和殿高多少，面积多少呢?没错，它高35米左右，面积有2377平方米，差不多有55间教室那么大，由72根大柱支撑着全部重量，是故宫中最高大建筑。你们瞧!里面装饰得金碧辉煌，正中间一个有宝座，宝座并置于6根盘龙金柱之间，以突出帝王唯我独尊的地位。九龙宝座用楠木雕龙涂金而成，可精致了!

故宫导游词3分钟4

大家好!我是你们今天的导游——林导，大家可千万不要叫我领导哦!我只是姓林的导游，哈哈!

我们今天要前往名胜古迹——故宫。在路程中，我就先简单介绍下故宫吧!

古代故宫叫做紫禁城，因是清明两代的皇宫，所以十分高大雄伟，占地面积约有72万平方米。体质弱的客人们，可能没办法把故宫游完哦，希望大家能在车上多休息，争取游遍这72万平方米的故宫。

故宫导游词3分钟5

大家好！我叫陈乐，是大家的导游，大家可以叫我陈导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产——北京故宫。

现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年（公元1460年），厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。我们到了，大家请下车。您看，这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙，都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，金碧辉煌的彩画，。

第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

接下来我们去故宫博物院吧。跟大家说，故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等。故宫博物院里有一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1。5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。

接下来请各位慢慢欣赏故宫。注意有带小孩的家长看好孩子，请大家互相照顾。要保护珍惜文物。祝大家玩得开心，再见！

大家好，我是你们这天的导语，很高兴这天能和你一齐度过，下方由我来给大家讲讲沈阳故宫吧：

沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一，沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米，有古建筑114座，500多间，至今保存完好，是一处包含着丰富历史文化内涵的古代遗址。在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆，藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。

1961年，国务院将沈阳故宫确定为国家第一批全国重点文物保护单位;20__年7月1日，在中国苏州召开的第28届世界遗产委员会会议批准沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

大政殿

大政殿是一座八角重檐亭式建筑，俗称八角殿。始建于1625年，是清太祖努尔哈赤营建的重要宫殿，是盛京皇宫内最庄严最神圣的地方。初称大衙门，1636定名笃恭殿，后改大政殿。八角重檐攒尖式，八面出廊，其下为须弥座台基。殿顶满铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，正中相轮火焰珠顶，宝顶周围有八条铁链各与力士相连。殿前两明柱各有金龙盘柱，殿内为梵文天花和降龙藻井。殿内设有宝座、屏风及熏炉、香亭、鹤式烛台等。大政殿用于举行大典，如皇帝即位，颁布诏书，宣布军队出征，迎接将士凯旋等。此殿为清太宗皇太极举行重大典礼及重要政治活动的场所。

1644年(顺治元年)皇帝福临在此登基继位。

十王亭

十王亭位于大政殿两侧八字形依次排列，是满族八旗制度在宫殿建筑的反映，此建筑布局为中国古代宫廷建筑史所仅见。

其东侧五亭由北往南依次为左翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、正白旗亭、镶白旗亭、正蓝旗亭;

西侧五亭依次为右翼王亭、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭。

是清初八旗各主旗贝勒、大臣议政及处理政务之处。这种君臣合署在宫殿办事的现象，历史上少见。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，但是它的体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的10座亭子，其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿。这11座亭子，就是11座帐篷的化身。帐篷是能够流动迁移的，而亭子就固定起来了，显示了满族文化发展的一个里程。

大清门

大清门是盛京皇宫(今沈阳故宫博物院)的正门，俗称午门，它是一座面阔五间的硬山式建筑，房顶满铺琉璃瓦，饰以绿剪边，尤其是大清门山墙的最上端，南北突出的四个墀头，三面皆用五彩琉璃镶嵌而成，纹饰为凸出的海水云龙及象征吉祥的各种动物，做工精巧，栩栩如生。此门庄严富丽，与整个宫殿建筑混成一体，显得十分协调。

大清门建于天聪六年(1632年)之前，为盛京皇宫中皇太极续修的早期建筑之一。原称大门、正门。1636年定宫殿名时称大门为大清门。大清门的满文译音为“代青杜卡”(代青即大清，杜卡为门)。

崇政殿

崇政殿在中路前院正中，俗称“金銮殿”，是沈阳故宫最重要的建筑。整座大殿全是木结构，面阔五间进深三间。前后出廊硬山式，辟有隔扇门，前后出廊，围以石雕的栏杆。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，正脊饰五彩琉璃龙纹及火焰珠。殿身的廊柱是方形的，望柱下有吐水的螭首，顶盖黄琉璃瓦镶绿剪边;殿前月台两角，东立日晷，西设嘉量;殿内“彻上明造”绘以彩饰。内陈宝座、屏风;两侧有熏炉、香亭、烛台一堂;殿柱

是圆形的，两柱间用一条雕刻的整龙连接，龙头探出檐外，龙尾直入殿中，实用与装饰完美地结合为一体，增加了殿宇的帝王气魄。此殿为清太宗皇太极陛见臣下，宴请外国使臣以及处理大政的常朝之处。公元1636年，后金改国号为大清的大典就在此举行。“东巡”诸帝于此举行“展谒山陵礼成”等庆贺典礼。

凤凰楼

崇政殿北首的凤凰楼，建造在4米高的青砖台基上，有三层，三滴水歇山式围廊，顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边。此楼为盛京最高建筑，故有《盛京八景》之一“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”等传称。凤凰楼上藏有乾隆御笔亲题的“紫气东来”匾。

清宁宫

清宁宫为五开间前后廊硬山式。是清太宗皇太极和皇后博尔济吉特氏居住的“中宫”。

室门开于东次间，屋内西侧构成“筒子房”格局，东梢间为帝后寝宫。宽大的支摘窗式样朴素，棂条皆以“码三箭”式相交，宫门亦不用隔扇式。正对宫门竖立祭天的“索伦竿”，此均为源自满族民间的传统风格。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦镶缘剪边，前后皆方形檐柱，柱头饰兽面，檀枋施彩绘等，则是吸收汉、藏民族建筑艺术。

文溯阁

文溯阁建于1782年(乾隆四十七年)。专为存放《文溯阁四库全书》而建，

另有《古今图书集成》亦存于阁内。是沈阳故宫西路的主体建筑，建筑形式仿照浙江宁波的天一阁，面阔六间，二楼三层重檐硬山式，前后出廊，上边盖黑色琉璃瓦加绿剪边，前后廊檐柱都装饰有绿色的地仗。所有的门、窗、柱都漆成绿色，外檐彩画也以蓝、绿、白相间的冷色调为主，这与其它宫殿红金为主的外檐彩饰迥然不一样。其彩绘画题材也不用宫殿中常见的行龙飞凤，而是以“白马献书”、“翰墨卷册”等与藏书楼功用相谐的图案，给人以古雅清新之感。采用黑色琉璃瓦为顶，主要是为了使整座建筑外观风格相统一。文溯阁后面，有抄手殿廊连之后仰熙斋，斋后为九间房，其中有芍药圃、梧桐院等。这是乾隆皇帝“东巡”时的读书之所。

金水桥

沈阳故宫博物院副院长李声能透露，沈阳故宫正门前的“金水桥”属于违规建筑，与整个风貌不相符。沈阳市文物部门已经下发了整改拆除通知限期拆除。

20__年9月25日14时30分许，沈阳故宫东南侧，在“金水桥”施工墙外，有一大片被围挡围起的施工工地。从围挡的缝隙中能够看到，工地中一辆作业车正在施工。

最佳旅游时光

沈阳的春天和秋天时光短促，升温、降温幅度很大;夏季平均气温24度，比南方凉快3-5度;冬季寒冷干燥，务必携带羽绒服或棉大衣。雨季主要在春、夏与夏秋之交。每年4-10月是沈阳旅游的黄金季节。你们来的正是时候。

当地特产

沈阳的美食佳肴历史悠久，制作精湛，在满族菜肴基础上，借鉴和发展了传统宫廷的精良技术，又荟萃了中国名菜之精华，构成了自我的独特风格。满汉全席是最具有代表性的。由于历史上，沈阳一向由少数民族和汉族轮流统治，因此也传入了各民族的风味小吃。比如回民小吃马家烧麦，满族小吃那家白肉血肠，朝鲜族的打糕、烤牛肉、西塔大冷面等。沈阳也有自我的传统小吃老边饺子，老山记海城馅饼。

沈阳主要商业街区分布在中街(步行街)、太原街一带。沈阳的大部分商厦营业时光一般是上午9：00开门，晚上10:00关门。五爱市场，位于沈河区风雨坛街，是全国五大集贸市场之一，是辽宁乃至东北地区服装轻工批发市场，品种齐全、物美价廉。公交117路、125路、132路、133路、134路、151路、207路、212路、213路、222路、223路、224路、224路区间238路246路、256路、263路、266路、270路、273路、274路、277路、293路、297路、298路、326路、333路、334路、338路、501路、523路、800路可达。南湖公园古文物市场，有几十家店铺经营着古玩、字画、印章、瓷器、玉器、木雕、珊瑚、珠宝翠钻;还有遍体绿锈的历代古钱。沈阳的名特产品，如御赐枕、羽毛画、绢花、彩石镶嵌画等，都能在那里觅得。每逢周日，那里格外热闹。

游客们游玩好沈阳的古遗址、古城址、古墓葬、古建筑、烽火台、边墙和历史纪念物、革命纪念物后。能够到具有现代性的娱乐场所去娱乐放松一下。

各位游客，现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿—故宫了。大家看这四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门也就是故宫正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四“门”的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。

我再给大家介绍介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿，是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过《还珠格格》这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整，气魄宏伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和-谐，都属无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由活动或自行参观，我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。

亲爱的游客们，大家好!我是你们的导游___。大家知道我们在哪儿吗!对，我们就是在北京的故宫。故宫是我国明清两朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览过程中应当不乱扔垃圾、不触摸物品，这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在眼前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建筑非常引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动时，皇帝都在此举行仪式。后面的一排金碧辉煌的宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

游完了辉煌的太和殿，再向北走，我们能感觉到这儿的生活气息很浓。这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的，后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它格局、布局紧凑，古色古香，花草树木点缀其间。亭台楼阁相依相承。是个清新雅致、赏心悦目的好地方。大家跟我走，故宫东边这座角楼和其它三座角楼相呼应。它们的造型奇特、精美绝伦，与周围环境构成一幅完美的图画。

这气魄雄伟的工程凝结了多少劳动人民血汗和智慧呀!其实故宫是在1987年12月申遗成功，从此以后便成为文化遗产的旅游胜地。

好了，我给大家介绍完了。现在大家可以去自由参观了，4点在故宫南门集合。

各位游客：

大家好!

我是快旅游社的导游，我姓陈，大家叫我小陈好了，当然也可以叫我陈导。在接下来的几天中，我将陪伴大家一起游览北京的名胜风景区。希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京故宫有个美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，我们就开始今天的游览行程。

今天我们要参观的故宫，非常雄伟。它占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.5万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙围绕。还有穿52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝有14位，清朝有10位，统治时间共长达五个世纪。

好了，现在大家自己慢慢游玩!注意，大家在游览时不要乱丢瓜果皮。祝大家玩得愉快。

大家好!我是你们的向导，我姓x名，叫我x导好了。现在我将带领你们游览故宫，欣赏我国的文化遗产。

故宫为我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时不应该乱丢垃圾，也不要随地吐痰。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动是，皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

这样气魄雄伟的工程，凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗与智慧呀!

大家好，非常高兴能够成为你们今天的导游。

这儿即是国际闻名的故宫博物馆，通常咱们都简称它为故宫，也就是旧日的皇家宫廷。自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被逼宣告退位，上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座绮丽堂皇的宫城里控制中国长达500年之久。帝王之家，天然规划巨大，气势磅礴，时至今日这儿不只在中国，在国际上也是规划最大，保管最完好的古代皇家宫廷建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了中国古代建筑艺术的优异传统和共同个性，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为国际文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说彼此融合而构成的。中国古代天文学家将天上一切的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其间的三垣(yuán)是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中间，正契合“紫微居中”的说法。因而，古人以为紫微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人世至尊，因而他们也要仿照天帝，在自个宫廷的姓名上冠其紫字，以体现其位居中间，环视全国的帝王气魄。还有一个说法是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，晓得将有圣人过关。老子骑了青牛前来，尹喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因而以“紫气东来”标明祥瑞。帝王之家当然期望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就水到渠成了。“禁”字的意思就很明显，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备威严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后，这儿才正式敞开，曾经这里布衣百姓别想踏近半步，咱们能够想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，崇高不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也由于这儿是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始建筑，用了14年的时刻才底子建成，到今日已有570多年的前史。咱们看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为何这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说以为，五行包含金，木，水，火，土，其间土占中间方位，由于华夏民族代代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和眷恋的豪情，所以从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的颜色，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上运用。而赤色，则涵义着圆满，吉利富有，正由于这些缘由，故宫建筑的底子颜色便采用了红，黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫廷楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。附近有高9.9米，声称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座规划奇特漂亮的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城附近各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国闻名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比方汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫廷内墁地的方砖，烧制在姑苏，垒墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫廷墙壁上所用的赤色，质料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木材则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也能够看出其时工程之浩大。

咱们眼前的叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年阴历十月初一，都要在这儿举办公布次年年历典礼，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的姓名，故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代，皇帝举办朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这儿摆设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门承受献俘典礼，若是皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于“推出午门斩首”的说法，是由于戏曲午台上及别史小说唐塞而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官违法，有的在午门廷杖，当然严峻的也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

如今咱们现已到了故宫里边，在正式旅游之前，我先介绍一下故宫的规划和观赏道路。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种修建方法，缔造一组规划如此巨大的建筑群，不光没有纷杂表象，反而给人以规划谨慎，颜色光辉和规划规整的感受，最主要的方法是缔造了一条极为显着的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的有些约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称散布。整个宫廷的规划都体现了封建君主的“庄重”和对封建等级制度的威严。

故宫分外朝内廷。如今咱们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，标志着权利与庄重。皇帝贵为皇帝，门前的狮子天然最精巧，最巨大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，标志皇权不朽，千秋万代。咱们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装修和防水之用。河上五座桥标志孔子所发起的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线即是箭，这标明皇帝授命于天，代天帝管理国家。

在太和门前

故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分为“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中间，东西两边有文华、武英两组宫廷，左右对称，构成“外朝”雄伟壮丽的格式。三大殿前后摆放在同一个巨大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆环绕，三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最巨大的一座建筑物，也是国内最巨大、最壮丽的古代木规划建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”，建筑规划也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝寓居和处置平常政务的地方。两边的东、西六宫是嫔妃的居处，东、西一所是皇子的居处。“内廷”还有为皇家玩耍的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边弯曲绕过威武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有弯曲多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下绮丽堂皇，庄重漂亮。

故宫中的建筑除了中轴线外，还用了各种方法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特征。比方殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图画的规制等等。这样，不只使主要建筑更显得巨大，壮丽，并且还体现了宫中建筑的等级不同。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上的皇宫总共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称“皇帝”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的即是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能包容一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏中国第一部《四库全书》的地方，为了照看规划上的漂亮，所以把西头一间缔造的分外小。

通过太和门之后

女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫廷。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层堆叠的“工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，基层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。

太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹(xiǎn)的破坏，如今咱们看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，本来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，听说能够辟邪，并且数量越多，标明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，布衣百姓家是不允许有这种装修的。

明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣告即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、公布法则、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这儿举办典礼，承受文武百官朝贺。

这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木，空阔安静，给人以威严庄严的感受。正中为御路，左右地上铺的砖杂乱无章，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸，是做什么用的呢?在故宫里总共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，缸下可烧炭加温，避免冬季缸水结冰。为何要建这么大的广场呢·那是为了让我们感受到太和殿的雄伟壮丽。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟旋绕，整个太和殿如同天上仙界相同。举办大典时，殿内的搪瓷仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两边香烟旋绕，全场万籁俱寂。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按等级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显现皇帝无上威望与庄重。

清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年末登基时，年仅3岁，由他爸爸摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开端时，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：“别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了!”大臣们以为此话不吉利，说来也巧，3年后清朝果然就灭亡了，然后结束了中国20__多年的封建控制。

在太和殿的石台上

这是铜香炉，是皇帝举办典礼时燃烧檀香用的。这儿总共有18座，代表清朝18个省。殿外左右安放四个铜缸，标志”完整无缺“，作为贮水防火之用。台基东西两边各有一只铜制仙鹤和龟，是长命的标志。这个由铅铸造成的用具叫嘉量，嘉量是其时量的规范器，标明皇帝公正处事，谁半斤,谁八两，心中自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的用具叫做日晷(guǐ)，是古代的测时仪。皇帝的意思是：量和时的基准都在自个手里。

太和殿正面有12根圆红柱，东西约63米，南北进深约37米，高35米，殿前丹陛三层五出，殿前后有金扉40个，金锁窗16个，整个大殿雕梁画栋，奢华绮丽。殿内中间设有2米高的平台，上面摆放着雕有9条金龙的楠木宝座。后边有金漆围屏，前面有御案，左右有对称的宝象、角端、仙鹤、香筒等陈设品。象驮宝瓶，内装五谷，标志和平现象、五谷丰登。角端是中国古代神话传说中的一种神兽，可“日行一万八千里”，知晓四方言语，只要明君，它才捧书而至，护驾身旁。

太和殿也叫金銮殿，为何这么叫呢?因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。金砖墁地平坦如镜，润滑细腻，像是洒了一层水，发着幽暗的光。那么金砖真的含金吗?其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制的砖，技术讲究，复杂，专为皇宫而制，敲起来有金石之声，所以称作“金砖”。烧这种砖，每一块相当于一石大米的代价，可见金砖虽不含金，但也的确宝贵。

殿内共有72根大主柱，支撑其悉数分量，其间6根雕龙金柱，沥粉贴金，环绕着宝座周围。在殿中间有一藻井，是从古代“天井”和“天窗”方式演化而来，为中国古代建筑的特征之一。主要设置在“显贵”的建筑物上，有“崇高”之意。在藻井中间部位，有一浮雕蟠龙，口衔一球(球为铜胎中空，外涂水银)，此球叫轩辕镜，传说是远古时代轩辕黄帝制造的，悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起，构成了游龙戏珠，悬于帝王宝座上方，以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕的后代，是黄帝正统继承者。它使殿堂绮丽堂皇，雍容华贵。镜下正巧对着宝座，听说是袁世凯怕大球掉下来把他砸死，故将宝座向后挪到如今的位置。关于龙椅，这儿里面还有段故事。1916年(民国五年)袁世凯登基时，把本来的宝座搬走了，换了一把西式高背大椅，上饰他自个规划的帝国徽号。听说他的腿短，因而将椅座下降。新中国建立后，为了寻找那把龙椅，依据以前的一张相片，在破家私库找到了一把破椅，经教授判定，这椅子即是皇帝宝座，后经修正展出。

带客人至太和殿东或西侧铜缸处

古人把摆设在殿堂房屋前的大缸，称为“门海”，门海者，盖“门前大海”之意，古人相信，门前有大海，就不怕闹火灾。因而，大缸又称为吉利缸。它既是摆设品，又是消防器材。在科学不民达的古代，宫中没有自来水，更没有消防器材。因而，缸内有必要常年储满水以备不虞。

清代时，共有308口大缸，按其质量分类三种，即鎏金铜缸、烧古铜缸和铁缸，其间最宝贵的是鎏金铜缸。但是这些鎏金铜缸没有逃脱侵犯者刺刀刮体的厄运。侵犯者是谁?是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥八国联军。为了打压中国公民反帝的义和团运动，1900年的8月13日至8月15日，八国联军攻陷北京，进占紫禁城。军官们烧、杀、抢、掠，从宫中及颐和园等处掠取的文物在各侵犯国使馆区堆积如山，至今仍有很多文物被伦敦、巴黎、纽约博物馆攫为已有。这一切包含在眼前这口缸上，这道道刮痕都已变成帝国主义侵犯中国的铁证。是伪控制时期，大缸被拉出宫门，装上日本侵犯军的货车，用去制造子弹，再反过来残杀中国公民。

中和殿前

眼前这个方形建筑是中和殿。皇帝举办大典前，先到此暂坐歇息，会晤一些官员。皇帝去天、地、日、月四坛祭祀时，前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。每年二月皇帝到先家坛举办亲耕典礼，前一天要来这儿阅视种子、耕具、祝文。这儿如今陈设的是乾隆年间的两顶肩舆(yú)，也就是八抬大轿。

城角

故宫的四个城角，每一个角上有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，缔造的可美观了。这四座角搂是怎样盖的呢?北京有这么个传说——

明朝的燕王朱棣在南京做了永乐皇帝之后，由于北京是他做王爷时的老地方，就想迁都北京，所以就派了心腹大臣到北京盖皇官。朱棣通知这个大臣：要在皇宫外墙——紫禁城的四个犄角上，盖四座姿态格外秀丽的角楼，每座角楼要有九梁十八柱、七十二条脊。并且说：“你就做这个管工大臣吧，若是修盖的欠好是要杀头的!”管工大臣领了皇帝的谕旨后，心里十分忧愁，不知怎样盖这九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的角楼。

管工大臣到了北京今后，就把八十一家大包工木厂的领班、木匠们都叫来，跟他们说了皇帝的旨意，期限三个月，叫他们一定要如期盖成这四座怪姿态的角楼，并且说：“若是盖不成，皇帝定然要杀我的头，可是在没杀我的头之前，我就先把你们的头砍了，所以留神你们的脑袋。”领班和木匠们对这样的工程都没掌握，只好常常在一块揣摩法子。

三个月的期限是很短的，一转眼即是一个月了，领班和木匠们还没想出一点条理、一点方法来，他们做了许多样型，都不适宜。这时，正赶上六七月的三伏气候，热得人都喘不上气来，加上心里愁闷，领班和木匠们真是坐也不适宜，躺也不适宜。有这么一位木匠师傅，真实呆不住了，就上大街闲遛去了。

走着走着，听见老远传来一片蝈蝈的吵叫声，接着、又听见一声呼喊：“买蝈蝈，听叫去，睡不着，排遣儿去!”走近一看，是一个老头儿挑着许多大大小小秫秸(shújiē)编的蝈蝈笼子，在沿街叫卖。其间有一个细秫秸棍插的蝈蝈笼子，精巧得跟画里的一座楼阁相同，里头装着几只蝈蝈，木匠师傅想：反正是烦心的事，该死的活不了，买个美观的笼子，看着也风趣儿，所以就买下了。

这个木匠拎着蝈蝈笼子，回到了工地。大伙儿一看就喧嚷起来了：“我们都心里怪烦的，你怎样买一笼子蝈蝈来，故意吵人是怎样着?”木匠笑着说：“咱们睡不着解个闷儿吧，你们瞧……”他原想说你们瞧这个笼子多么美观呀!可是他还没说出嘴来，就觉得这笼子有点特别。他匆促摆着手说：“你们先别吵吵嚷嚷的，让我数数再说。“他把蝈蝈笼子的梁啊、柱啊、脊呀细细地数了一遍又一遍，大伙被他这一数，也吸引得留了神，静静地直着双眼看着，一点声响也没有。

木匠数完了蝈蝈笼子，蹦起来一拍大腿说：“这不正是九梁十八柱七十二条脊么?”大伙一听都快乐了，这个接过笼子数数，那个也接过笼子数数，都说：“真是九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的楼阁啊，”

大伙儿受这个笼子的启示，揣摩出了紫禁城谯楼的姿态，烫出纸浆做出样型，最终修成了到如今还存在的角搂。

好了，希望今天的讲解，能够让大家对故宫更了解，更爱它。

介绍故宫的英文导游词范文

Dear:

Lying at the center of Beijing， the Forbidden City， called Gu Gong， in Chinese， was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum， it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape， it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate， to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)， which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters， while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section， or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section， or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court， fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries， it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987， the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.

Construction of the palace complex began in 1407， the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 1420. It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan， a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.

Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family， it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However， there is one exception. Wenyuange， the royal library， has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.

Nowadays， the Forbidden City， or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders， the grand and deluxe halls， with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".

女士们、先生们:

进了故宫，大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢?因为明朝永乐年间，一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿，非常有名，每天都有数万名游客来这里观光。

故宫的面积约是天-安-门广场的两倍，比凡尔赛宫殿还大，是日本平安神宫的十倍左右。故宫的历史开始于570年前，请大家把思绪拉回到570年前来游览故宫吧!

这个建筑是故宫朝南的正门，叫作午门。午是正晌午时的午，是位于正中的意思。午门的下面，有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两侧的门;地方上的诸候只能使用最两端的小门。这些都是根据身份，等级来严格规定的。过去，只有皇后在结婚的时候，才能从午门进入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午门。当然现在是谁都可以进啦。过去对皇帝的心腹都是这样严厉，一般百姓就更不用提啦。连靠近故宫都不行。所以，这个故宫又被称作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。过去有天帝之子，老子住的地方当然也得是紫色的宫殿才中!于是，用了个紫字。禁就是禁止入内的禁字，也就是禁止随便进放的意思。

这正中的路是皇帝专用的。这条但是故宫的中轴线，也是整个北京城的中轴线。北京的主要建筑大多都沿着这个中轴线而建，两边的建筑也多是对称的。皇帝的宫殿位于这中轴线的中间，显示着”普天之下，唯我独尊”。这条路是用大理石铺成的。请看，这大理石路比两边的路高出一块儿来。当皇帝将走这段路时，还要在上面铺上地毯之类的东西，这样就高了。所以纵然皇帝身材短小，在这上面一走，也显得高大伟岸!

皇帝是了不起的”爷们儿”，这中间的门也是了不起的”爷门儿”。每当皇帝经过这中间的门时，都要敲响大钟、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就这样迈着步子:咚咚---咚咚咚咚---咚---咚真戳威严无比!皇帝打心眼儿里感觉到:看!还是老子伟大!下面，我们大家也假装当回皇帝，体会一下皇帝走路的感觉吧!

(在太和门前)这个建筑叫太和门，是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这个大门的前面，放有一对狮子，这是明代用青铜的。狮子强悍，吼声震天，使百兽惧怕，放在这里，代表着皇帝的威严。那里有个石头做的像邮筒似的东西，那是大臣，诸候求皇帝时，要写申请书放在里边，由皇帝的仆人转达给皇帝:”万岁，此人求见，可以吗?””好。””是，遵命。”就可以有进了。如果皇帝狱:”不行!”那求见的人就会被撵走。和它相对称的那边，还有一个石头做成的东西，它的形状像一个大印，象征着皇帝的权力。也就是说:老子的权力坚如磐石，不管世间有何变动，老子的权力永远不变!

(经过太和门之后)前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物。皇帝下令:任何人的房子也不能高出老子的房子。所以京城只好建了平房，北京过去曾被称为”平房之都”，下边的广场是太和殿广场，为什么要建这么大的广场呢?如果不建这个广场或是建个小广场，那么，人们就不会感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。只有建这么大的广场，站在这里向对面看去:蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。再加上下面白色的石台，给人以豪华绚烂之感。举行大典的时候，皇帝坐在太和殿正中的御座;文武百官跪伏在广常那时还要往石台上的大鼎里放入绿叶松枝燃烧，弄得烟雾缭绕，太和殿直就像云中楼阁一样，文武百官仰望着云中楼阁呼万岁，坐在御座上的皇帝感觉是多么良好，就可想而知啦。

(在太和殿广场)尽管故宫周围有十米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，皇帝还是担心有人挖地道钻进故宫暗杀他，吓得睡不好觉，，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，就是把广场用十五层砖横、竖交叉地铺严实了，才终于放下心来。从这件事也可以看出，当时的权力斗争是何等激烈!当然在大典时，文武百官三呼万岁，但皇帝还是怀有戒心:这里面，这家伙，那家伙，说不定哪个家伙想暗杀老子，不注意哪行!这广场的砖层大约有三、四米深。

(在太和殿的石台上)这个由石头做成的东西叫嘉量，嘉量是当时的标准度量衡，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤，谁八两，心里自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的东西，叫作日晷。发音和日记一样，但不是日记，是用来看时间的石头表。皇帝的意思是:重量和时间的基准都在老子这里。

那边有鹤和龟，”千年仙鹤，万年龟”，是长寿的象征。不过，中国和日本不同，是颠倒过来说的，叫作”万年仙鹤，千年龟”。为什么说法不一样呢?大概是过去日本的留学生在中国学了词句之后，乘船归国途中，由于船的颠簸使头脑产生混乱，记颠倒了。还有许多例子，如:日本讲良妻贤母，中国讲贤妻良母;日本讲平和，中国讲和平;日本讲-法政大学，而在中国叫作政法大学。文章的意思完全一样，但只是顺序不同，大概就是乘船颠簸所致。那鹤和龟不单是一种装饰物，也是一种香炉。它们的背都盖着盖儿，每当大典时，就把盖掀起来，放入檀香燃烧，那烟就从它们的嘴里缓缓溢出，就好像它们都在吞云吐雾一样。

请大家从石台上回头看广常我们进了故宫之后还没有看见过树。为什么在这么宽阔的地方连一树都不种呢?……不是为了防止暗杀，而是为了制造气氛。如果种了树，郁郁葱葱一片绿，鸟儿在上面又唱又叫的，就会呈现出生活的气息。如果不种绎，就会产生庄严的气氛。我们来想像一下:过去大臣、诸候要见皇帝时，全都得从天-安-门走着进来，走在宽阔的路上看着高大的建筑，在庄严肃穆的气氛中，大臣、诸候就会越走越感到压力沉重，当走到皇帝面前时，就会自然地双腿打着哆嗦跪下来了。

中国历史上最后一个皇帝---爱新觉罗.溥仪三岁时当上皇帝的，他即位时的御座就在太和殿的正中。现在开始五分钟自由活动，五分钟后在那凉快的地方集合。

清代入关前，其皇宫设在沈阳，迁都北京后，z这座皇宫被称作"陪都宫殿"、"留都宫殿"，后来就称之为沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，宫内建筑物保存完好，是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一。它的规模比占地72万平方米的北京故宫要小得多，但是，它在建筑上有自己的特色，现在是沈阳最重要的游览点。

沈阳故宫为世界文化遗产保护单位，它是中国目前仅存的最完整的两大古代宫殿建筑群之一，是清代初期营建和使用的皇家宫苑，始建于1625年(明天启五年，后金天命十年)。沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米，有古建筑114座，500多间，至今保存完好，是一处包含着丰富历史文化的古代遗址。在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆，藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。

1961年，国务院将沈阳故宫确定为国家第一批全国重点文物保护单位;20__年7月1日，在中国苏州召开的第28届世界遗产委员会会议批准沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界文化遗产名录》，它以独特的历史、地理条件和浓郁的满族特色而迥异于北京故宫。沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的大政殿、崇政殿，排如雁行的十王亭、万字炕口袋房的清宁宫，古朴典雅的文朔阁，以及凤凰楼等高台建筑、"宫高殿低"的建筑风格，在中国宫殿建筑史上绝无仅有。

绝大多数来北京的游人，尤其是初游者，都会把故宫当作必去之处。故宫又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是古老中国的标志和象征。悠久的历史给这里留下大规模的珍贵建筑和无数文物，也成为今天游玩故宫的主要看点。

故宫是中国乃至世界上保存最完整，规模最大的木质结构古建筑群，被誉为世界五大宫之首(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫和俄罗斯克里姆林宫)。其建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。以乾清门为界，乾清门以南为外朝，以北为内廷，两部分的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝也称为“前朝”，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。尤其太和殿，即影视剧里常说的“金銮殿”，是整个皇宫的绝对中心，不可错过。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，以及东西两侧的东六宫和西六宫，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所，也就是俗称的“三宫六院”。

故宫内珍藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计有上百万件，占全国文物总数的六分之一。以文物的种类不同，分为多个展馆，综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、玩物馆等展馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等。其中尤以位于宁寿宫区域的珍宝馆和位于奉先殿的钟表馆最为引人注目，钟表馆每天11点和14点有钟表演示，在此可以看到清王朝珍藏的各种造型奇特独具匠心的珍奇机械钟表，不可错过。

珍宝馆：位于宁寿宫区域，分养心殿(第一室)、乐寿堂(第二室)、颐和轩(第三室)三处，馆藏珍宝极其丰富，涵盖佛教用品、饰品、日用器具和赏玩珍品等，这些珍宝大都选用金、银、玉、翠、珍珠及各种宝石等名贵材质，并征调各地著名匠师设计制造。竭尽巧思，不惜工本，其工艺代表了当时的最高水平。其中高14厘米的红珊瑚狮子、长137厘米的东珠朝珠、17.5厘米高的金“奉天之宝”玺等，都是难得一见的珍品。

钟表馆：位于宫中奉先殿。展出的钟表以英国产品居多，亦有法国、瑞士等其它西方国家的钟表。清宫内设置的做钟处奉旨制造钟表以供宫中之用。同时，清代广州、苏州等地制造的钟表精品，也被贡入内廷。这些钟表除计时功能外，还利用机械联动原理，使上面装饰的人物、鸟兽、花卉等不断变化，做出各种动作，堪称精巧。其中高达231厘米的铜镀金写字人钟、87厘米高的铜镀金嵌珐琅葫芦顶渔樵耕读钟、铜镀金转花跑人犀牛驮表等最为珍奇。

北京，是全国人民向往的地方。我去北京看到了世界上最宽广、最壮观的天安门广场;雄伟壮丽的天安门;风景如画的颐和园、北海;十九世纪最大的贪官——和?的恭王府;世上历史最悠久、最大的宫殿——故宫博物院;观似巨龙的八达岭长城;死气沉沉的十三陵;充满勃勃生机的海洋馆……

最让我难忘的就数故宫了。故宫建于1420年，是永乐皇帝修建的。它位于北京市中心，前通天安门，后倚景山，东近王府井街市，西临中南海。

故宫也叫“紫禁城”。因为当时皇帝下令任何人的房子都不能比自己的宫殿高，都建了平房，所以又称“平房之都”。

一走进故宫我就看到了一面高大雄伟的午门，走过午门，我就见了太和门。穿过太和门在我眼前呈现的是一做红墙黄瓦、雄伟壮丽、金碧辉煌的太和殿。太和殿是过去皇帝上朝的地方。走近一看，它分为三层，屋顶上分别雕刻着十一只珍禽异兽。我再往里面看：里面的摆设跟古装电视剧里的一模一样。

走过太和殿就是中和殿。中和殿是皇帝休息的地方，然后才更衣到太和殿。

中和殿的后面是保和殿。我凑近一看，活见鬼了!怎么什么都没有?听导游说，这是以前殿试的地方，只有全国前十名才能到这里来，让皇帝亲自给他们出考题，第一名为状元，第二名为榜眼，第三名为探花。

离开了“考场”我们又来到了乾清宫。乾清宫是明代十四个皇帝和清代两个皇帝生活过的寝宫。

后来，我们又到后面参观了皇帝的御花园，皇后的寝宫等许多地方。

要出故宫了，我恋恋不舍地感叹道：“这凝聚了多少人的智慧和汗水啊!”

亲爱的游客们：

大家好!

我是你们的导游，我姓张，可以叫我小张，也可以叫我张导。请不要在墙上、古代物品上刻画，也不要乱扔垃圾哦!

故宫位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。它是明代和清代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古代建筑群，被誉为五大宫之首。

故宫开始建造于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元1406年至1420年。

你们看!故宫的四个漂亮的大门，我来告诉你它们的名字吧!正门名为午门，俗称五凤楼。午门一般只有皇帝才可以出入呢!状元、榜眼和探花的人只可以从此门出入一次。后门“神武门”，明朝为“玄武门”，因为玄武是古代四神兽之一。清代康熙年间因避讳改为“神武门”。“东华门”与“西华门”是个“对门”门外设有下马碑石，门内金水河南北流向，上架石桥一座，桥北还有三座门。

快点儿，快点儿，快点儿去太和门吧!太和门里有三座大殿，分别是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，你们自己去看看吧!二十分钟之后记得回来找我哦!

看!那儿是内廷，内廷就是皇帝、皇后和妃子们生活的地方。快去看看吧!因为内廷比较长，所以拿着你们手中的地图，三十分钟后我们在御花园里碰面哦!

御花园里鸟语花香，草木茂盛。各位家长注意孩子的安全，不要让他们爬假山。还有不要折鲜花和小草哦!

哦，我们到出口了。好了，我们这次的故宫游玩到此结束了。

游客朋友们：

大家好!首先请允许我代表沈阳市全体市民对各位的到来表示热烈欢迎!今天我为大家介绍的就是沈阳的风景名胜之一的“沈阳故宫”。

沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年(1620xx年)是清太祖迁都之际草创，清崇德元年(1636年)由皇太极建成。1644年，大清迁都北京，“沈阳故宫”从此成为“陪都宫殿”。“沈阳故宫”是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极修建并使用过的宫殿，距今巳有360余年的历史。在全国现存宫殿建筑群中，它的历史价值和艺术价值仅次于北京故宫居全国第二位。它是中国历史上最后的一个封建王朝的发祥重地，也是清统一中国后东北地区政治经济中心。

沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座，由20多个院落组成，总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。

中路：是太宗皇太极时期的大内宫阙。南端是大清门，也是故宫的正门。向北依次是崇政殿、凤凰褛、清宁宫，它们都排列在一条中轴线上，两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门是日常朝会时文武大臣侯朝的地方，也是清太宗接受群臣谢恩之处。明朝著名将领洪承畴降清后，就从此门进入，受到皇太极的接见。大清门东侧这处建筑叫祖庙，祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方，因是天子的祖庙也称“太庙”。

顺着大清门北面的御路拾阶而上，台正中便是气势宏伟被称作“金銮殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聪六年(1632年)，崇德元年定名为崇政殿。崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，南北辟有隔扇门，前后是石雕栏杆。殿顶盖为黄琉璃，十分壮观。殿内掾间绘满飞云流水，梁架上全部是“和玺” 彩绘，给人以高洁典雅之感。殿内明堂有堂陛，前是金龙蟠柱，柱后有贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金龙宝座，宝座两侧有鼎式香炉、轩辕镜和太平有象等装饰之物。殿前有大月台，月台东南角有日晷，西南有嘉量亭，都由大理石雕造而成。在月台上还设有四口大缸，都盛满清水以防水灾。古代称它是“门海”，来象征缸中水多似海可扑灭火灾，所以又被称作是“吉祥缸”。因为北方天气寒冷，所以每到冬天，就要在缸底点燃炭火。崇政殿是清太宗日常朝会议政的地方，1636年皇太极的称帝大典及清天聪十年四月“后金”改国号为“大清”的典礼就在这里举行。1644年清迁都北京后，历代皇帝东巡时，都在这里临朝听政。

崇政殿前，东西各有五间厢楼，东为飞龙阁，西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落，院正北有一座高约4米的高台，台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼----凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼，直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户，也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成，康熙二十年重修。楼为三层，是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间，周围有回廊，下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门，又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出，极为美妙。所以“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”是沈城著名的景观。凤凰楼正门上额的“紫气东来”金字横匾是乾隆皇帝的御笔。

过了凤凰楼就是太宗皇帝皇太极的后宫了。正中是清宁宫，清宁宫原叫“正宫”，是五间十一檩硬山式建筑。东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，称暖阁。正中隔一间璧，把寝宫分为南北两室，南北室各有火炕，又称“龙床”。1643年皇太极就在南室“端座无疾而终”，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。西四间为皇帝祭神、行礼的神堂。清宁宫庭院的东南角有一根朱红色木杆，木杆顶端有锡斗，这木杆叫索伦杆，满族人称它为神杆。锡斗内放米谷碎肉来喂乌鸦。

清宁宫两侧是东西配宫，东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫;西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。东西配宫均为皇太极和妃子们居住之所。清宁宫西北角有一根由地面垒起，低于屋背的烟囱，人们从正面是看不见的。从清宁宫这一系列建筑中，我们可以发现沈阳故宫的两大建筑特点：一是保存了浓厚的满族特色即口袋房、万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上。二是宫高殿低，清宁宫及其四所配宫均高于皇帝议政的崇政殿和东路的大政殿。这是因为清朝夺取政权前，满族是一个牧猎民族，受生活习惯的影响，把居住的地方建在高处，以防野兽和洪水的侵袭。这与北京故宫恰好相反。

清宁宫高台之后是“后苑”，也叫“御花园”，内有碾磨房、二十八间仓、后宰门等建筑，是皇帝膳食的供给区。并有地下窨道与清宁宫相通。

在崇政殿、清宁宫高台两侧有“东所”、“西所”。东所由南往北依次是颐和殿、介祉宫、敬典阁等。东所是东巡时皇帝后妃给太后请安之处，也皇太后的寝宫和存放实录、玉牒之处;西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保极殿、继恩斋和崇谟阁等。西所是东巡时皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣训》、《满文老档》的地方。崇谟阁的建筑形式是别具一格的，它为卷棚式建筑，是在清乾隆年间增建的。

东路是以大政殿为主体，两侧辅以方亭十座，称“十王亭”。大政殿建于努尔哈赤时期，是故宫最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高约1.5米的须弥座式台基，周围绕以雕刻精细的荷叶净瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有“斧头眼”式隔扇门，内外排柱40根，正门前有双龙蟠柱。殿顶是十六道五彩琉璃脊，正中是宝瓶火焰珠。殿内有精致的斗拱、藻井天花，梁架上用“和玺”彩绘，上有黄琉璃瓦绿剪边的顶盖。整个建筑显示出极强的美感和庄严秀丽的装饰艺术情趣。大政殿是皇帝举行大型庆典的地方，1643年清世祖福临在此即位。

大政殿前，正中是宽阔的甬道，两侧以八字形排列着十座方亭，这就是“十王亭”。从北至南，东边是左翼王亭、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭、正白旗亭;西边是右翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、镶红旗亭、正蓝旗亭、镶白旗亭。这是当年八旗首领固山额真和左右统辖八旗的亲王贝勒办公的地方。八旗制度在清王朝的军事政治及社会制度，民事管理等等很多方面都占有极为重要的地位，发挥着巨大的作用。大政殿与十王亭构成了一组亭子式院落建筑，它是清入关前八旗制度在宫殿建筑上的反映。设计者从局部建筑直至整体布局，处处突出“八”字。这种把军政制度巧妙地融合在建筑艺术中的做法，真可算是构思独特、别具匠心。

西路：以文溯阁为主体，前有戏台、扮戏房、嘉荫堂，后有仰熙斋、九间殿。文溯阁于乾隆年间兴建而成，是仿明代渐江宁波大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”所建。为面阔六间二楼三层硬山式建筑，顶盖为黑琉璃瓦绿剪边。根据五行八卦之说，黑是代表水，文溯阁是专为存贮清代大百科全书《四库全书》和《古今图书集成》而建的。书最忌火，以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。文溯阁东有方形碑亭一座，内立石碑一块。碑阳面为乾隆帝撰写的《文溯阁记》，阴面为《宋孝宗论》。文溯阁东南宫门外有嘉荫堂，它与南面的戏台连成一个院落，是专为皇帝准备的娱乐场所。西路建筑除文溯阁外，其它建筑用卷棚式屋顶，显得十分别致，富有江南风韵。

沈阳故宫是清代遗存下来的最早一组宫殿建筑群，它是国家级重点文物保护单位，希望大家有机会来观光这座气派非凡的帝王宫殿。谢谢大家。

紫气东来，出自传说“老子过函谷关”的故事。传说当年函谷关令尹喜梦到次日清晨老子要路过函谷关，于是第二天天没亮清扫庭院，登上城楼。不久，果然老子骑着青牛，在冉冉紫气萦绕下，伴着仙乐来到此地，为他写了“五千字文”，这便是道教圣典《道德经》。乾隆皇帝题写的“紫气东来”含意是大清帝国是始于东方的盛京皇宫。今天，有没有圣人来呢?请大家向东方看一看那吉祥的云彩吧……

传说：早年，努尔哈赤在明朝总兵李成梁手下做勤务兵时，因他脚下长有红痣，认为他是未来夺取大明江山，有帝王之相者，便要除掉他。努尔哈赤闻讯仓皇逃跑，李率兵疾追，就在即将发现他时，一群乌鸦落在他的身上，在乌鸦的掩护下，才得以生还。努尔哈赤数年后成为后金之主，为感谢乌鸦救命之恩，告喻全族，永不屠鸦。所以索伦杆饲鸦便延续下来。

八旗制是由努尔哈赤组建起来的，努尔哈赤25岁开始了他用兵图谋霸业的戌马生涯。随着势力的壮大，努尔哈赤想建立一支强大而管理有序的军队，于是想到了民间自发产生的组织“牛录”这种形式。他在1620xx年组建了军队，把每300个战士组成一个“牛录”，每个“牛录”，打一种颜色的旗，这就是八旗的雏形。1620xx年后金建军的这一年，他又将4个“牛录”改为8个，在原来4种颜色的旗的基础上，各镶上不同颜色的边，成了8色旗，又把5个“牛录”组成一个“甲喇”，把5个“甲喇”组成一个“固山”，“固山”在汉语里的意思是旗，于是真正意义上的八旗便诞生了。

(本文素材来源于网络，如有侵权，请联系删除。)

Hello and welcome to visit the Forbidden City, the largest palace complexin China this afternoon. My name is he Chaozhen. Today I will accompany you onyour wonderful journey this afternoon. The Palace Museum is located in thecenter of Beijing, formerly known as the Forbidden City. It is the imperialpalace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, an unparalleled masterpiece of ancientarchitecture, and the largest and most complete existing ancient architecturalcomplex in the world. Known as the top of the five palaces in the world. ThePalace Museum was built in 1406 AD and completed in 1420. It was first built byMing Emperor Zhu Di.

The Palace Museum is 961 meters long from north to South and 753 meterswide from east to west, covering an area of 723600 square meters. The buildingarea is 155000 square meters. It is said that the Palace Museum has a total of9999.5 rooms. Actually, according to 1973 experts field measurement, the PalaceMuseum has more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses, totaling 8707 rooms. Thepalace city is surrounded by a 12 meter high and 3400 meter long palace wall inthe form of a rectangular City, surrounded by a 52 meter wide moat, forming afortress with strict barriers.

The Palace Museum has four gates, the main gate is called Meridian Gate,the east gate is called Donghua gate, the west gate is called Xihua gate, andthe north gate is called Shenwu gate. Attention, we are now in the northernmostpart of the Forbidden City, Shenwu gate. Walking into Shenwu gate and passingthrough shunzhen gate, we are faced with a large mural, which is the archwaygate surrounded by Jifu gate, Yanhe gate and Chengguang gate. Behind it, thatis, to the south, is our famous imperial garden.

Yongle in the Ming Dynasty 15 years (1417) began to build, completed in 18years, known as the "palace after the court.". Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Dynasty,known as the "royal garden.". It is located at the north end of the central axisof the Forbidden City. The garden wall is 135 meters wide from east to west and89 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of 12015 square meters. Thebuildings in the park adopt the layout of central axis symmetry. The buildingsalong the East and West roads are basically symmetrical. Most of the buildingsin the park are built against the wall, and only a few exquisite pavilions standin the park, so the space is comfortable and wide.

The park is full of ancient cypress and old locust trees, with a list ofstone and jade seats, bronze statues of Jinlin and potted flower stake scenery,which adds to the changes of the scene in the park and enriches the level of thelandscape. The colorful pebbles on the ground of the royal garden are also verypeculiar. They can be inlaid into symbolic patterns of fortune, fortune andlongevity. There are more than ten LIANLI trees in the Royal Garden, most ofwhich are cultivated by pine and cypress. In tianyimen, there is one of the mostfamous LIANLI trees in the garden. The trunk of the tree is connected by twocypress trees, which grow very thick and luxuriant.

There is also a legend about LIANLI tree. It is said that during theWarring States period, King Kang of the Song Dynasty took Han Pings wife hesfamily as his concubine, and forced Han Ping to build Qingling terrace. Afterthe terrace was built, King Kang killed Han Ping. He was in agony at the news.When attending Han Pings funeral, she jumped into the grave and died.

Out of jealousy and malice, the cruel king of Kang buried the corpses ofHan Ping and his husband and wife on the left and right sides of Qinglingterrace, not allowing them to be buried together. But the next year, on thetombs of Han Ping and he Shi, two towering trees grew slowly. The middle part ofthe trunk was close together and tightly connected. So later generations callthis kind of tree "LIANLI tree", which means the pure love between husband andwife. OK, lets go on. Ahead is Kunning palace.

It used to be the Queens bedroom. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to aplace for worshiping gods and marrying the emperor.

Look, on the left side of Kunning palace, there is a stone like pancakewith a needle on it. This is the sundial, which is the ancient clock. Itsprinciple is to distinguish time by the shadow of the sun shining on the needle.Further north, there are Jiaotai palace and Qianqing palace, which together withKunning palace just passing by are called "the three rear palaces". Around theQianqing palace, through the Qianqing gate, is a large central square. Its likea dividing line, dividing the Forbidden City into two parts.

If you are tired, you can have a rest on the chairs around the square. Bythe way, do you remember that there are many bronze VATS along the way. Do youknow what they are for? (interaction) according to research, the buildings inthe Palace Museum are all brick and wood structures, which are easy to catchfire. Once a fire breaks out, if it cant be put out in time, it will spreadquickly, and turn this valuable and splendid building into nothing in aninstant.

For this reason, the builders of the Forbidden City pay special attentionto fire prevention, and set up these VATS in front of the palace, which arecalled "Menhai". Menhai is the "sea" in front of the gate. With the "sea" infront of the gate, the palace museum with brick and wood structure is not afraidof fire. Therefore, these vats are also called auspicious vats.

It is conceivable that our ancestors were very clever. Have you had a rest?Lets move on. This is the most famous and magnificent "three halls" of theForbidden City: Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall. Because we are goingfrom south to north, we see Baohe hall and Zhonghe hall first. Up to now, thesurrounding area is much wider than just now, which also shows the gap betweenthe "front three halls" and "back three halls" of Bauhinia city. We shouldobserve the details of everything. Lets take a look at the steps on the sole ofour feet. They are made of marble, and their patterns are very beautiful.

These patterns are mainly auspicious clouds, surrounded by a few dragons.Their appearance is vivid and lifelike, which fully reflects the wisdom of theancient working people of our country.

各位游客您们好，这次由我带领大家去北京故宫，您们可以叫我孔导，希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

不过现在我要提几点要求：1。要保管好自己的贵重物品;2。如果迷路，请马上给我打电话不要离开;3。一定要保护环境。好了，我的要求提完了，请大家自觉遵守!

首先我给大家做一简要介绍，故宫位于北京中心，旧称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界现存规模最大、最雄伟、保存最完整的古代宫殿。至少已有近580年历史了。故宫规模宏大，东西宽为753米，南北长达961米，总占地面积达72万平方米，大约一共有一万间宫室。

各位游客，现在展现在我们眼前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿故宫。大家看着四面就是宫墙，四周都是高大的城门，南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。

现在请大家跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看吧!这里是皇帝上朝的地方，再看那边，中间的是汉白玉雕刻的“双龙戏珠”，两边是汉白玉台阶;台阶的左边是一只乌龟，右边是一只仙鹤，这象征着延年益寿。

我再给大家介绍介绍其他殿吧!现在我们来到了中和殿，中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中学礼仪之地，保和殿呢?它是由多根红色巨柱支撑着，每根柱上都刻着一条栩栩如生的巨龙，十分壮观，我们再来看看文华殿吧!他是明代皇太子的读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内延的分界处，由此向北就是延。

好了，这次游览结束，祝大家玩的愉快!

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

大家好，我叫__，也可以叫我庞导，下面我为大家当导游吧!大家看，我们现在来到的是故宫，故宫有两个名字,除了故宫以外,还叫紫禁城.它位于北京市中心,东西宽750米,南北长960米,面积达72万平方米,是世界上规模最大的宫殿建筑物.

咱们数一数,故宫的一共有多少间?你一定数不过来吧?故宫一共有9999间半的房间呢?故宫有许多的殿,比如太和殿、中和殿、乾清门、养心殿等。这里是保和殿，大家向上看，保和殿为重檐歇山顶面阔九间。在原来是举行册立皇后、皇太子等大典时皇上更衣的地方。

大家一定看到我的手指的那一座楼吧?那就是坤宁宫。在明朝，坤宁宫是皇后住的地方。清朝满族的习俗，将其改为祭神的场所，把冬暖阁作为皇上大婚的洞房。出坤宁宫北行，我们来到的是御花园。它的门于东西六宫相通。这御花园规模宏大，长130米，宽90米。

主要建筑钦安殿正处在中轴线上。明朝时。这里秋季大享及祭祀的场所，清代改为了寺庙。这里的大石堆是叠山堆秀，在那时是帝后嫔妃重阳登高的地方。与御花园是以建筑为的宫廷花园，山石树木安排有序，奇花异草争奇斗艳。参观完了故宫，大家一定留下了很深刻的印象吧!

让我一起保护它吧!