关于泉州开元寺【最新20篇】

泉州府孔庙位于市区中心、百源川池西畔。现存占地10700平方米，是泉州古代文化教育的殿堂，也是泉州现存大型宋代建筑之一，在全国上千座文庙里是罕见的，有很高的科学、艺术和历史价值。大成殿为文庙的主体建筑、陈列有古代祭文礼器、乐器及泉州历代名人遗著、遗物等，是了解泉州古代文化教育的珍贵实物资料。泉州府文庙列为省级文物保护单位。

北宋太平兴国初(976-981)移建今址。北宋大观元年(1120xx年)建泮宫门。南宋绍兴七年(1137年)，按照“左学右庙”(即东学西庙)建制，重建明伦堂、大成殿、东西两庑，南宋嘉泰元年(1220xx年)建棂星门。总占地一百多亩。

主体建筑大成殿为典型的宋代重檐庑殿式结构。面阔7间35.3米，进深5间22.7米，斗拱抬梁式木结构，以48根白石柱承托，正面有浮雕盘龙檐柱8根，风格古朴，在全国现存文庙中甚属罕见。殿前砌露台，台明嵌有仰莲、复莲、扶桑、山茶、牡丹、芙蓉等辉绿岩石浮雕。台下通道、拜庭，两旁古榕垂荫，庭外为半月形泮池。上有元代建的泮桥，梁式石构，中部拱起，两边有石构护栏。

大成殿前东西两侧筑有东庑和西庑，全长112米，宽10米。两庑前正中为大成门三开间，二进深，左为金声，右为玉振，三门联成一体，宽60米，深10米。门外为露埕宽66米，深60米，可容数千人，左右为礼门、义路。西面临中山街建有泮宫门。庙东有明伦堂七开间，宽36.8米，五进深21.4米，前有宽深36米的露庭，东西两书斋，庭前有方池宽29米，长43.8米，中有4米宽的石桥，围以石护栏。外为育英门，再往东原存有尊经阁和名宦、乡贤祠等建筑。

文庙内设有“泉州府文庙文物陈列馆”、“泉州历史名人纪念馆”、“泉州古代教育展览馆”。

“泉州府文庙文物陈列馆”设在大成殿内，正中有孔子塑像，两旁有四配十二哲画像。主要文物有传世祭孔乐器、舞器、礼器等。其中六件青铜豆铸有“乾隆十一年中国台湾知府蒋元枢捐造，贡生蒋鸿皋监制”和铸有“同治六年五月铸，州同御即造，训导郑秉经郊行李树监铸”及“中国台湾北路淡水同知严金清谨制”的铭文编钟。是研究泉州文庙与中国台湾文庙的历史渊源关系的实物资料。

“泉州历史名人纪念馆”设在文庙西庑，陈列有唐、五代、宋、元、明、清等朝代文化名人三十八位。这些人物从各个历史时期反映出泉州人文荟萃、人杰地灵，在政治、文化、经济、军事以及海外交通、国家统一等领域为社会以至世界作出重大贡献。展品使用现代彩色腊像工艺制作，配以精制各时代服饰，形象逼真、栩栩如生。

“泉州古代教育展览馆”设在文庙东庑，陈列自晋代中原士人徙泉后，带来中原文化，家塾兴起，宋代泉州除府学外，各县均建有县学，书院林立，如雨后春笋，时有“十室之间，必有书舍”，称誉为“海滨邹鲁”。该馆陈列展出图文并茂，以大量翔实照片反映教育历史的遗迹和遗存，还有碑刻、课本、科举试卷、牌匾、楹联等实物资料，展现当时社会教育的缩影。

百柱殿的后侧西边，是据说开过白莲花的千年老桑树，即“桑蓬古迹”。看到它老态龙钟的样子，大家都相信它已有一千多岁高龄了，对其是否开过白莲花大多不去追究了。不过，在老桑树下，立有一块古老的石碑，言之凿凿，似乎确有其事。在1925年的一次雷雨中，老桑树被雷电一劈为三，其中一技坠落在地上，于是僧人们将其用一块花岗岩托起，并镌一对联“此对生莲垂拱二年，支令勿坏以全其天“，老桑树果然奇迹般地活了下来，而且枝繁叶茂，青春焕发。前几年，大风将树于从托石上吹落地，末等人们再次扶植，它已落地生根了。如今，“三树同根”的老桑树犹如一朵盛开的花朵，向着北、东、南三个方向延伸开去，一年四季，郁郁青青。

大殿后面的甘露戒坛，建在中轴线的第二台阶上。据说唐朝时候，此地常降甘露，一个叫行昭的和尚于是在这里挖了一口甘露井。北来天津三年(公元1019年)在井上建坛，遂称甘露戒坛。南宋建炎二年(公元1108年)敦炤和尚认为戒坛不符合规范，又按《南山图经》改建为五级，其间高低宽窄都有严格的限制。后经元、明多次重修，现存建筑是清康熙五年(公元1666年)重建的四重檐八角攒尖式结构。坛顶正中藻井采用如意斗拱，交叠上收，如蜘蛛结网，似回纹织锦，结构复杂而精巧。坛之四周立柱斗拱和铺作间24尊“飞天乐伎”，身系五彩飘带，手持琵琶、二弦、洞萧、响板，轻歌曼舞，翩翩若飞。它们与百柱殿的频伽一样，既是建筑艺术的瑰宝，也是研究南音与南戏十分宝贵的形象资料。

在中轴线上的主体建筑，就是眼前这座大雄宝殿。因传说建殿之时有紫云盖地，所以又叫紫云大殿。大殿上方这块巨匾写有“桑莲法界”四个魏碑风格的大亨，以应桑开白莲之说。早在唐朝初期，泉州已盛产丝绸。这片地原是大财主黄守恭的桑树园，后来捐给匡护大师建寺。关于这件事，有一个很动人的传说：一天，黄守恭梦见有一个僧人向他募地建寺，他说等桑树开白莲花后就献地结缘。几天后，满园桑树果然都开出白莲花，黄守恭深被无边佛法所感动，果然把这片桑树园捐献出来。其实，黄守恭本为乐善好施之人，桑开白莲之说乃是人们敬慕佛祖，附会而成，但这一神奇的传说却为泉州人民所津津乐道，世代相传，因而开元寺也得了“桑莲法界”的美称。

大殿正中供奉的是御赐佛像毗卢遮那佛，汉译大日如来，是佛教密宗的最高神抵。其两旁是五代王审邽修大殿时增塑的四尊大佛，依次为东方香积世界阿閦佛，南方欢喜世界是宝生佛，西方极乐世界阿弥陀佛，北方莲花世界成就佛，合称五方佛，也叫五智如来。这五尊大佛金光闪烁，衣纹清晰，神容慈祥，法相庄严，双手分别作说法、施与、接引、禅定等相，工艺精巧，令人叹绝。五方佛的胁侍有文殊、普贤、阿难、迦叶以及观音、势至、韦驮、关羽、梵王、帝释等诸天菩萨、护法神将共10尊。在大殿后正中供奉着密宗六观音的首座圣观音以及善才、龙女和两翼神态各异的十八罗汉。开元寺历代住持皈宗不一：有法相宗、律宗、净土宗、密宗、禅宗等宗派，而大殿却能保持这种罕见的规制，这既值得夸耀，也是值得研究的。

在五方佛前石柱和珩梁接合次，有两排相向的24尊体态丰腴、纹饰华丽、色彩斑斓，双翼舒展的天女，梵文“频伽”(即妙音鸟)。据佛经说：此鸟发声微妙，仙音优雅，连歌神紧那罗都不及她。他们原是佛的侍者，而能工巧匠们把她们的下半身嵌人柱榫里，翼胁之下爪足外露，上半身向前伸出，昂首挺胸，短衣半袒，樱洛圈胫胚，双臂伸展，腕着驯镯，手棒文房四宝，瓜果点心，丝竹管弦，翩翩若仙。他们不但给人以美的艺术享受，而且用以代替斗拱，依托粗大的珩梁，减少其过大的跨度，极为巧妙地将宗教、艺术与建筑融合起来，令人称绝。

清源山又名北山、泉山、齐云山，为泉州城北屏障，海拔498公尺，面积62平方公里，主景区距泉州城市区3公里。“清源之奇以石”，清源之灵以泉。元人赞誉“闽海蓬莱第一山”.“清源鼎峙”为泉州十景之一，历来为游客登临揽胜。1988年列为国家风景名胜区。

清源山右峰峻峭，中峰巍峨，左峰迤逦。层峦叠嶂，壑深洞幽，曾以三十六洞天名其精华景物，如老君岩、千手岩、弥陀岩、碧霄岩、瑞象岩、赐恩岩、五台岩、南台岩、龟岩、狮岩、蜕岩和清源洞尚保存原貌;巢云岩、寒山岩、紫泽洞尚有遗迹。这些岩洞，或妙景天成，或人工雕造，都各具特色，各臻其美。其主要有：老君岩，位于左峰罗山、武山下，宋代天然岩石雕成的老君坐像，高5.1公尺，造型生动、刻工精巧，是我国现在最大道教石雕像，国家级重点文物保护单位。

弥陀岩，位于左峰山腰“一啸台”上。元至正二十四年(1364年)依石壁建仿木构石室，面宽5.6公尺，门额刻“阿弥

陀佛”。室后壁岩面浮雕阿弥陀佛立像，高5公尺，为省重点文物保护单位。岩外有“一线天”、“云台”、“连心石”、“泉窟观瀑”、“泓一法师舍利塔”等景观。

碧霄岩，位于弥陀岩东南方，建于元至元二十七年(1290年)原有石构建筑，已废。岩壁上浮雕三世尊坐像，为省重点文物保护单位。岩上方为上碧霄，有平台，崖刻“寿”字，4公尺见方。从中国台湾迎回的广钦法师的灵骨也埋在碧霄岩边，并建石塔，以供瞻仰。

瑞像岩，位于碧霄岩东侧，北宋元右二年(1086年)依天柱峰山石雕刻“释迦瑞像”立姿，高4.4米。明成化十九年(1483年)建仿木构石室。该岩为省重点文物保护单位。岩外

奇石扦天，千姿百态。峭壁间有“忘归”、“北门胜概”崖刻。岩室对面为罗汉峰，断岩侧立，形如罗汉，构成十八罗汉朝瑞像奇观。

此外，千手岩的释迦牟尼造像，赐恩岩的白衣观音造像，均雕于北宋元右年间，具有很高的历史、艺术价值。 清源山的泉有一百多眼。著名的叫“孔泉”，也称“虎浮泉”，泉从一斜卧大山石孔隙中迸出，细流清清，常流不绝。清源、泉山因此得名。弥陀岩侧的“泉窟观瀑”。在雨季有“虹雨千层吹不断，琉璃万斛涌还多”的景象;而在旱季，则凝脂潜滴，须待上方水库放闸，人工造瀑。

历代文士、武将、高僧、权贵游山，留下400方碑刻和崖刻。北宋米芾的“第一山”，明将俞大猷的“君恩山重”，现代高僧泓一法师遗墨“悲欣交集”，备受景仰。曾在清源山上结庐读书而成就颇丰有唐代的欧阳詹、林蕴、林藻，明代的李光缙、王慎中、顾碧等。在清源山修行和羽化道长、高僧不乏其人。清源山流传无数的典故、传说、神话等等，使名山更具深刻的文化内涵。

国庆假期来到，旅游自然成为了必不可少的事情，上网之时，看到了泉州开元寺，便想去一探究竟。就这样，我的爸爸妈妈带着我和我的爷爷奶奶来到了泉州。开元寺坐落在中国福建省泉州市鲤城区西街27号，是于686年由黄守恭创建，是座1327年的唐代古刹。相传寺址原为唐代大财主黄守恭的大桑园，公元689年。一日，黄守恭梦见一个和尚向他乞讨土地用来建造寺庙，黄守恭心中不舍，于是故意作难：要是三日之内桑树可以开出白莲花，那我就给你一块地。谁知三日后，后院桑树竟然盛开如白雪莲一般，黄守恭顿受感化，毅然的献地建寺。开元寺大门便是天王殿只见天王殿的屋顶雕砌着许多五色瓷片，图案有许多动物花卉，工艺精美，色泽鲜艳。屋脊中央有一座小巧玲珑的小宝塔，宝塔两旁有两条五彩缤纷腾空而起的小龙，爸爸说这叫双龙护塔。傍边有一堵墙，上面有泉州古代书法家书写的“紫云阁”三个大字，字体秀气端庄。

走过天王殿，就是有三个篮球场大小的拜庭，拜庭中央有一座大香炉，拜庭两旁各有五棵高入云宵树叶繁茂的大榕树，榕树旁有一排一人高的小石塔，拜庭的左侧伏着一只巨大的大石龟，东西两条长廊围护着拜庭。以拜庭为中心的东西两个广场还各有一座塔，这就是世界闻名的东西塔，东西两塔相距一两百米，遥相呼应。东西两塔各分五层，大理石结构。东塔高达四十八米，西塔高达四十四米，东西塔始建于唐朝，一个叫镇国塔，一个叫仁寿塔，是全国现存的最高石塔。两塔底座雕刻着许多飞禽走兽树木花卉，每层塔墙上还有人物浮雕，有凯旋而归的将军，有双手合十的憎人，有仰头吟咏的诗人，有怒目圆睁的哼哈二将……活灵活现，栩栩如生。顺着长廊散步，看到了一棵古树，树前有一块石碑，上面写着“菩提古树”几个字。不住不觉，夕阳已亲吻着西山，天边的晚霞提醒着沉醉在开元寺中的我。我们念念不舍地离开这座千年古刹。

郑成功(1624～1662)名森，字明俨，号大木，南安县石井人，为明末清初反抗荷兰侵略，收复和开发中国台湾的民族英雄。永历十五年(1661)四月，挥师东渡，在中国台湾人民的支援下，于十二月十三日(1662年2月1日)迫使荷兰侵略者投降，中国台湾回归祖国。永历十六年五月初八日 (1662年6月23日)病逝，葬于台南洲仔尾，清康熙三十八年(1699)五月二十二日迁葬今地郑氏祖茔内。随同迁葬的有其子郑经等灵柩。墓室三合土构筑，坐东朝西，平面呈风字形，列3排，分9室，第二排中室为郑成功的墓穴。墓前有石华表1对，高14米，顶端雕坐狮;石夹板9对，左五右四，其中一板刻“戊子年解元”。 1920xx年曾在墓内发现郑成功佩戴的龙纹及鸟纹玉带17块，分别为大、中、小长方形和圆桃形状，共出的还有头发、龙袍残片、布靴面等珍贵文物。坟堆前设石供案桌和花岗岩石墓碑，墓碑阴刻“明石井乐斋郑公、淑慎郭氏、乔梓五世孙、六世孙、七世孙茔域”。

郑新新介绍，郑克塽在撰写墓志铭中明确写郑成功遗骸附葬于南安乐斋公莹内。

但是，河南固始一份“郑成功墓地考察报告”说，上个世纪70年代，河南固始发现“郑成功之墓”，另外还有人发起“郑成功真墓在何方”的讨论，猜测郑成功之孙郑克塽为了遮人耳目，写下《郑氏附葬祖父墓志》声称郑成功归葬南安，其实可能早就设法把郑成功父子秘密安葬在河南了。

厦门已故专家张宗洽《细说郑成功》一书中分析，这一问题确实值得引起注意，遗憾的是河南固始之墓，早年未留下可靠考古资料，仅凭事后调查追记。另外，南安郑成功墓1920xx年被盗，当时似乎未弄清所开二棺究竟是郑成功夫妇或郑经夫妇之棺。殊不知郑经亦袭王爵，依制亦可用蟒袍、玉带。文中认为，若后人有机会再重新整理南安郑成功墓，或可弄个水落石出。

泉州市郑成功学术研究会伍天辉先生表示，河南固始一说证据不足，郑成功真墓即在南安，且列入国家文物保护。

近年来，有关郑成功墓在何处的争议不时发生。此前，河南固始县称在上世纪50年代挖掘到了郑成功墓，研究郑成功的有关专家对此说予以质疑。专家介绍，郑成功灵柩于1699年迁葬南安水头，归附祖墓。1920xx年，郑陵被盗。日前，记者再访当年参与整理郑成功墓的当事人后代及研究郑成功的一些学者。

拜亭前的这个大石庭，是个“凡草不生”的拜庭，供古今官民朝拜和活动。每逢农历二十六日，这里人山人海，梵呗声声，一派泉南佛国景象。石庭两边分列着八棵200至800岁的大榕树，阴翳蔽日，盘根错节，增添了开元寺静寂、庄严的气氛。树下排列着11座唐、宋、明时期不同形式的古经幢、小舍利塔，以及两只贔屃。庭中还置立着一座3米多高的石雕焚帛炉，盖钮雕蹲狻猊，炉身周雕幡龙、祥云、莲瓣、蔓草等纹饰，形制优美，雕工精妙。焚帛炉稍后两侧，还有两座南宋绍兴十五年(公元1145年)泉州南厢柳三娘捐建的印度萃堵波的方形石塔，塔上刻有萨锤太子舍身饲虎的故事，是印度教在南宋时留下的痕迹。

在中轴线上的主体建筑，就是眼前这座大雄宝殿。因传说建殿之时有紫云盖地，所以又叫紫云大殿。大殿上方这块巨匾写有“桑莲法界”四个魏碑风格的大亨，以应桑开白莲之说。早在唐朝初期，泉州已盛产丝绸。这片地原是大财主黄守恭的桑树园，后来捐给匡护大师建寺。关于这件事，有一个很动人的传说：一天，黄守恭梦见有一个僧人向他募地建寺，他说等桑树开白莲花后就献地结缘。几天后，满园桑树果然都开出白莲花，黄守恭深被无边佛法所感动，果然把这片桑树园捐献出来。其实，黄守恭本为乐善好施之人，桑开白莲之说乃是人们敬慕佛祖，附会而成，但这一神奇的传说却为泉州人民所津津乐道，世代相传，因而开元寺也得了“桑莲法界”的美称。

大雄宝殿始建于唐朝垂拱二年(公元686年)，先后经过唐、南宋、元、明几次受灾与重建，现存建筑物是明代崇祯十年(公元1637年)遗物。大殿通高20米，面宽九间，进深六间，面积达1387.75平方米，大殿出拱深远，外观雄浑，保存唐朝宏模巨制、巍峨壮观的建筑风格。

当年主持修建洛阳桥者为泉州郡守(太守)蔡襄。相传蔡襄为天上文曲星下凡，他自幼聪明博学，十八岁高中状元，遂本朝为官，但他从小受其母教诲，为官后要为郡人修桥，为民解难。所以他在朝庭不久便申请回本府为官，为泉郡守(知府)。他回到泉州后为洛阳江水深浪大，难造桥基而日夜发愁。一天他突然梦见观音大士指点他派人向海龙王求助。蔡襄一觉醒来十分惊奇，便给海神写一封求助公文，问手下衙吏：“谁人下得海。”一个衙吏随即答道：“小人夏得海!”原来此人姓夏得海，误以为老爷叫他，随口应答。于是派他前往海神处投递公文。夏得海知道此去必无回，便告别了妻子，买了一壶酒喝得大醉卧在海滩上，想让潮水卷走了事，哪知一觉醒来，黄色的公文袋变成了红色公文袋，于是连忙回来交给蔡襄，打开一看，只见上面写着一个“醋”字。

蔡襄冥思苦想，终于领悟了海龙王的启示，当月甘一日酉时动工，果然此时海潮退落，三天三夜不涨潮，桥基终于顺利砌成。但是由于当时资金有限，桥的高度不够，每逢洪水，桥面经常被淹没。所以后来又传说泉州郡人大富商李五，为此桥出资增高三尺。李五为泉州大富商，由于他生活的奢侈和挥霍，被小人诬告，无故被抓往京城问罪。当他的囚车过洛阳桥时，水已淹没路面，他很艰难地过了桥，因此他对天发誓，要是他能平安无事回乡，一定出资将洛阳桥增高三尺。果然，三年后他顺利回家，因此就出资将桥增高了三尺。当然我们现在看到的洛阳桥已经是经过修葺的，最后一次修葺是1938年，蔡挺楷带领十九路军路过泉州时修建的。

下面向各位来宾介绍一下有关洛阳桥的建筑特点。早在北宋，我们的先民就以惊人的毅力和无穷的智慧，创造了一种直到现代才被人们所认识的新型桥基——筏型基础。所谓的筏型基础就是沿着桥梁中轴线的水下底部抛置大量的石块，形成一条连结江底的矮石埕作桥基，然后在上面建桥墩，这种建造方式对中国乃至世界造桥科学都是一个伟大的贡献。为了巩固桥基，在桥下养殖了大量的牡蛎，巧妙地利用牡额外壳附着力强，繁生速度快的特点，把桥基和桥墩牢固地胶结成一个整体，这是世界造桥史上别出心裁的“种蛎固基法”，也是世界上第一个把生物学应用于桥梁工程的先例。当时没有现代的起重设备，就采用“浮运架梁法”，利用海朝涨落的高低位置，架设桥面大石板，显示了我们先民建桥的非凡才智。船形桥墩也颇具特色，它有利于分水。洛阳桥成功地建成了我国第一座海港大石桥，是我国古代桥梁建筑史上的伟大创举，我国著名桥梁专家茅以升教授称赞说：“洛阳桥是福建桥梁的状元”。

接着我们继续参观蔡襄词。它始建于宋代，历代均有修葺，现存建筑为清代修建，饲堂大厅中间是蔡襄的塑像，中亭有“万安桥记”碑刻，此碑世称为“三绝”碑。文章精练，用一百五十三个字记载造桥的时间、年代、桥的长宽、花费的银两，参与的人物等，书法遒美，刻工精致。此碑为洛阳桥增辉不少。这碑文由蔡襄自撰自书。蔡襄字君漠，仙游人，曾两次任泉州知府。是我国宋代“四大书法家”之一。他的一生为后人留下了许多优秀作品，除了著名的《万安桥记》外，还有藏于河南安阳魏公饲的《昼锦堂记》;福州鼓山的《忘旧石》等碑刻。除此之外，他还有大量的纸本书法藏于台北故宫博物院。这些作品都反映了他对前人优秀书法精华的吸收。有古书《评书》认为“追配前人者，独蔡君漠书。”天资既高，积学深至，心手相应，变化无穷，遂为本朝第一。由于他大量接受前人的优点，融会贯通，因此蔡襄的书法充满了艺术魁力。

蔡襄的书法作品表现了一种当时文人的气息，他效法过王羲之，颜真卿等，取法争上，超然脱俗，神清气淡，达到古雅优美的境界。这种境界往往能够引起读者的共鸣，在欣赏的同时得到提升。蔡襄的书法在继承前人的基础上进行创作，不是重复，因此形成一种新的书法格局。学古人而泥古，继承前人而创造，使蔡书有了新的美学价值，因此他的书法作品永留书法史册。

今天我的讲解就到这里，请各位来宾自由活动，留影纪念。

女士们!先生们!大家好!我叫任一诺。今天，由我来带领你们游览“三孔”：孔府·孔庙·孔林。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”我有幸担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家服务，不足之处，请批评改正。 在参观三孔之前，请允许我介绍一下曲阜。曲阜地处鲁中小区和鲁西南平原的交界处。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。现在我们参观孔庙。孔庙位于曲阜城中心，是古代人们为了几年孔子生前的伟大思想宽阔的精神品质所建的一座韵味十足的建筑。前后九进院落，占地327.5亩，南北长达1公里;共有建筑466间，54座门坊;加之庙内1700余株古树，一个个直冲云天，听说当时谁敢砍倒一棵，就会以杀头处理。每一棵树，每一个门的名字都含有孔子“仁”的思想。 孔府与孔庙毗邻,是孔子嫡系长子长孙居住的府第,三路布局,九进院落,共有建筑463间,加上后花园,共占地240亩。孔府，也称“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是说“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接续， 进入孔府大门，由此向后孔府分为三路，东路建有一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙等;西路是孔府当年接待贵宾和读书习礼的地方，有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂、花厅等;中路是孔府的主体建筑，前半部为官衙，后半部为内宅。 孔林，是孔子家庭的专用墓地，也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地。占地三千多亩。周围垣墙高3米，厚1.5米，长14.5华里。林内有各种树木10万多株，数百种植物。在万木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壮观。 现在自由活动3小时，可以自行游览“三孔”，也可以进行游戏、野餐等活动，但必须保证卫生。 参观“三孔”到此结束了，回到家里时，别忘了说你们还有一个这样导游噢!

Hello, everyone! Im very glad to have the opportunity to climb themountain with you today and enjoy the beautiful and colorful scenery of Qingyuanmountain, which has the reputation of "showing the Southeast". Due to the timelimit, the scenic spots we visit today are laojunyan, qianshouyan and mitoyan inturn. I hope you have a good time!

Qingyuan mountain is a national key scenic spot, which is composed ofQingyuan mountain, jiuri mountain and Lingshan tomb, with a total area of 62square kilometers. Qingyuan mountain scenic area has an area of 40 Li, with themain peak at 498 meters above sea level. It is closely related to the mountaincity of Quanzhou and reflects each other. It is like a bright pearl of thefamous city of Quanzhou, shining with dazzling light, attracting many overseastourists. In history, Qingyuan mountain was also known as "Quanshan" because ofits many springs; the city was named "Quanzhou" because of its mountains; themountains are high and the people are numerous, also known as "Qiyun mountain";it is located in the northern suburb of the urban area, also known as "Beishan";it is also known as "Santai mountain" because of the confrontation of peaks.According to the records of Quanzhou official records, Qingyuan mountain wasfirst developed in the Qin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism, Taoismand Buddhism competed to occupy land for business. They also had the activitiesof Islam, Manichaeism and Hinduism, and gradually developed into a culturalmountain with a variety of religions. In the scenic spot, there are flowingsprings and waterfalls, grotesque rocks and caves, emerald peaks and beautifultrees. The cultural landscape mainly consists of religious temples and palaces,stone treasures of literati academies, stone carvings and stone carvings isalmost everywhere in Qingyuan mountain. There are 7 large-scale Taoist andBuddhist stone carvings in song and Yuan Dynasties, including 9 statues. Thereare nearly 500 ancient cliff carvings, and the granite imitation wood structurein yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties There are three stone chambers of Buddhastatues, as well as the relic tower of Hongyi master gaohatong (Li Shutong) andthe tower courtyard of Guangqin master in modern times. Since ancient times,Qingyuan mountain has been famous for its 36 caves and 18 scenic spots, amongwhich laojunyan, qianshouyan, mitoyan, bixiaoyan, ruixiangyan, huruquan,nantaiyan, Qingyuan cave and cienyan are the most famous. Today, we have limitedtime to enjoy the charm of Qingyuan mountain, so we can only leave some regretsfor our aftertaste, or visit from our relevant tourism publicity materials Itsbeen a while.

OK, now lets visit the first stop laojunyan.

The layout of Laojun rock is as follows: the mountain gate, the shady stonepath and the statue of Laojun.

Now you are standing at the Mountain Gate of laojunyan. Please payattention to the two-level curved platform, which is a variant of Yin Yang TaijiBagua. The natural stone standing in front of you is engraved with the eightseal characters of "qingniu goes to the west, Ziqi comes to the East", and theStone Mountain gate, which is decorated with intertwined windows, is full ofmountain and wild atmosphere, which makes Laozi "advocate nature" ”The idea of"the beauty of the world" is incisively and vividly set off, which makes peoplehave the pleasure of entering the fairyland outside the world.

Along this quiet shady stone path, a giant of the botanical world, banyan,stands on both sides, with extraordinary style. The dense and long roots arelike Lao Tzus long beard, which shows that Lao Tzus thought is "everlasting"and has infinite vitality.

Dear friends, now, the stone sculpture in front of us is the statue ofLaojun who has the reputation of "Laozi is the best in the world". The statue ofzhejun is listed as a national key protected cultural relic, which is a uniqueart treasure in Taoist stone carvings in China. It was carved in the SongDynasty. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, it is still vivid andenergetic. According to the records of Quanzhou Prefecture compiled during thereign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, "the stone statues are made inheaven, and the good ones are slightly carved." It shows that it is a naturalgiant rock with a shape similar to an old man. It is a wonderful folk craftsman.With a little skill, it was carved into the sitting statue of Laozi, a famousphilosopher, thinker and founder of Taoism in the spring and Autumn period. SimaQian, a famous historian of the Han Dynasty, recorded in the biography of LaoziHanfei in historical records that "Laozis surname is Li Shi, his name is er,his word is Boyang, and his posthumous title is ri Dan." Therefore, he was bornin qurenli, Li Township, kuxian County, Chu. Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzus immortalwork, has a wide and far-reaching influence, as we often say, "happiness lies inmisfortune; misfortune lies in happiness." Admonish people that misfortune andfortune are relative. There is no need to worry about gain and loss. If you getsomething, you must lose something. At any time, you should keep a clear mindand not be confused by appearances. His views are full of simple materialism.The statue of Laojun was originally surrounded by a high Taoist temple, and thegrand Taoist buildings such as Zhenjun hall and Beidou hall were quitespectacular. Later, the Taoist temple was burned down, and Laojun rock stood inthe open air, integrated with the nature. Its survival is enough to prove thatthe Taoist culture of Quanzhou, known as the "world religion Museum", was verydeveloped and prosperous in the Song Dynasty. Li Laojun rode a green ox out ofHangu pass and "entered Fujian from Chu" leisurely. Maybe he took a fancy to thegeomantic omen treasure land of "QUANNAN Buddhist kingdom"?!

Now lets take a serious look at the stone statue of Laojun. The stonestatue is 5.63 meters high, 6.85 meters thick and 8.01 meters wide, with a floorarea of 55 square meters. Because it is the largest and oldest Taoist stonesculpture in China, people in the literary and historical circles call it "Laoziis the best in the world". The vivid and lifelike shape, exquisite charm,exaggerated freehand brushwork lines, simple and honest connotation, and theartistic conception of the unity of man and nature make this stone statue ofLaojun look especially kind and lovely, full of enchanting charm. You see, itsits on the ground, with its left hand on its knees, its right hand on its back,its eyes smiling, and its eyebrows shining. It can be said that "the wind blowsthrough its whiskers, and it can play things.". Strictly speaking, it seems thatLao Juns ears and knees are out of proportion. His ears droop over hisshoulders and his knees are extremely large. However, this exaggeration anddisplacement make people feel that he can stretch and bend freely. The mostpopular and admirable thing is that the old mans manner is amiable, his eyesare deep and wise, his face is smiling, open-minded and approachable. He is fullof warm human feelings, and he does not have a dignified and dignified immortalposture at all. The broad-minded and smiling look makes people feel approachableand approachable. Among the people, this stone statue of Laozi is also a symbolof health and longevity. There is a dialect in Quanzhou: "touch the nose, eatone hundred and two; touch the eyes, eat one hundred and six." It means, who cantouch Lao Juns nose, can live 120, touch his eyes, can live 160. Of course,only a baby would believe it. As a matter of fact, Qingyuan mountain has freshair and wild scenery. If you come here often, you can benefit both physicallyand mentally. You dont need to touch your nose and eyes to prolong yourlife.

After getting close to the old man for thousands of years, we will enterthe artistic conception area of "Valley Sanskrit". Now you can see this simpleand natural ancient temple is qianshouyan.

Qianshouyan, also known as Guanyin temple, is named for its worship ofGuanyin statue. Qianshouyan is located on the left peak of Qingyuan mountain.The red walls and plain tiles of the temple are very fresh. The sitting statueof Sakyamuni, founder of stone carving Buddhism in the Song Dynasty, isworshipped in the middle and back of the main hall. The stone statue isexquisite and lifelike. It is one of the best works of stone carving art in theSong Dynasty in Qingyuan mountain. The statue of Avalokitesvara with thousandsof hands and clothes in front of the stone statue is kind-hearted and has anexcellent look. The eighteen Arhats on the two sides of the wall have differentexpressions and feel ready to come out. Qianshouyan temple is full of incenseand fire all year round. In front of the temple, the pines and cypresses aregreen, and the peaks and rocks are jagged. Its worth mentioning that the 300year old ancient pine in front of the temple is special. You can see that itstrunk is divided into two parts, facing the temple gate, but not covering theeyes of the Buddha. Its amazing that it forms a beautiful angle with thetemple. The ancient pine is vigorous and straight, curly and circling, like acharitable old man, opening his arms to welcome the guests from all directions.Therefore, it is no wonder that the guests of Huangshan Mountain, afterobserving the ancient pine, praised it as more beautiful than the "welcomingpine" of Huangshan Mountain, and its posture is more warm and magnanimous.

Climbing from Qianshou rock for more than ten minutes, you can reach Mitharock. Mor can be said to be one of the essence of Qingyuan mountain, where thereare waterfalls, ancient trees, temples and stone carvings. The natural landscapeand the cultural landscape are integrated into one, which is ingenious. Letstake a look at this "spring cave waterfall". Look, the clear spring water flowsdown from the 50 meter high steep wall and splashes jade on the bluestone. It isfull of poetic and picturesque, and it cleans up the worldly customs. Literatiand poets of all ages often come here, but their literary thoughts areoverflowing. The inscriptions such as "Xixin", "qingruxu" and "liugao" are stillshining, which add to our appreciation interest Do you have the wonderfulfeeling of life painting midstream!

Beside the waterfall, this peculiar shaped epiphytic tree is formed by thecombination of ancient banyan and chongyangmu. It is like "Tianlv" who is deeplyaffectionate. Therefore, it is called "Tianlv Chengrui". Its amazing to seethat they are so close and like glue. Many scholars say that they are theincarnation of Chen Sanwu Niangs hometown. Therefore, there are often younglovers here, and Ruyi couple Nestle here, leaving a memorial photo full ofpoetic and picturesque. Just a few steps away, it is said that this big treewith thick shade is the "Yang Pu Tao", commonly known as "Lian Wu", which wasbrought back from Chinese Taiwan by general Shi Langs department more than 700 yearsago. During the harvest season, the trees are green and red, and the fruits arenumerous. They are shaped like a bamboo hat, with a sharp top and a wide bottom.They taste cool and delicious.

The first batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units, builtin the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1364 AD), are mitoyan. It has a wood likestructure, a square plane, a 5.6-meter-wide back against the stone wall. Itrests on the top of the mountain. A gourd is placed in the middle of the mainridge. The banner on the door reads "Amitabha" and the column head and outsideThe eaves are arched, and the top of the rock is a square caisson. A statue of"Amitabha Buddha" is embossed on the rock surface of the stone wall. It is 5meters high and 2 meters wide. It is dignified and generous, with a full face,kind and kind. It has a bun on its head, a lotus on its feet, a flat chest onits left hand and a drooping right hand. According to the Buddhist scriptures,it means to satisfy the wishes of believers and lead all living beings to theparadise. No wonder so many good men and women worship Amitabha and aredevout.

There is a stone tablet on the right side of the right chamber, the stonetablet of the Yuan Dynasty, which records the process of the restoration of thestone inscriptions in the rock chamber of Mituo. The most valuable one is themany simplified characters in the inscriptions, which is an important historicalmaterial in the history of the simplification of Chinese characters. Theplatform in front of the temple is called "yixiaotai", and there are 3.5m-highfive level solid pagodas on the left and right sides of the platform. Standingon a roaring platform, you can see far and wide, the Jin River is flowing, thetwin towers are flying in the sky, the red chamber is green, and the scenery isenchanting, which makes people feel relaxed and forget to return.

Quanzhou has the reputation of a religious Museum, which is more prominentin the mother mountain Qingyuan mountain. We visited laojunyan (Taoism),qianshouyan (Buddhism) and mitsuyan (Buddhism). Now lets go to bixiaoyan(Lamaism) to appreciate the elegant demeanour of bixiaoyan III Buddha.

The three Buddhas sit side by side on the lotus seat, with the main statueabout 2.5 meters high and the left and right statues slightly lower. The Buddhastatues are well preserved. They are all of Tubo style: Buddha hair, snailtemples and Baoyan on them. His face is wide on the top and narrow on thebottom. His ears are drooping over his shoulders. His shoulders are wide and hiswaist is thin. He is wearing a cassock with his right shoulder bare. He puts acorner of the cassock on his left shoulder. The pattern is represented by relieflines, which are still obvious despite the vicissitudes. The stone statues haveround head light and body light. Zhongzun is the statue of Sakyamuni, also knownas the present Buddha. He is in charge of the present world. His statue is usedas the devils image of touchdown, one hand caressing the ground and the otherhand upward. Zuo Zun, known as the pharmacist Buddha, is in charge of the pastworld. He is also one hand down, one hand up, just the left hand of the bowl.The right Buddha is called Mitha Buddha. It is the future Buddha. It is themeditation phase of Shi Dingyin, that is, the hands are folded in the abdomen.The precipitous terrain, exquisite technology and different shapes make everyvisitor marvel.

The third Buddha is the main Buddha statue worshipped in the Buddhist Hallof Tibetan Esoterism (commonly known as Lamaism) since the 13th century.According to the records of painted sculptures of the Yuan Dynasty, in theTibetan temples in Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty, all the three Buddhas wereworshipped in the main hall, which was the main god of the Yuan Dynasty at thattime. At present, the stone carvings of the three Buddhas have been identifiedby experts as the earliest and best preserved Sanskrit Buddha statues inSoutheast China. There is a stone carving 20 meters to the south, which recordsthat the third Buddha was carved in 1292, with a history of more than 700years.

One of the characteristics of bixiaoyan is its famous stele, strange stone,dense shade and secluded stream. Centered on the "three Buddha", there is theGuangqin masters pagoda building group in the style of Minnan folk house builtin 1991 on the south side. Behind it, we can see the large stone inscription"Shou" in cliff script of Southern Song Dynasty. The font is 3.5 meters high and3.15 meters wide, which is known as "the largest" Shou "in Minzhong"; Next to itis the sculpture of Fu Hu monk, and below it are several square stone carvingsleft by celebrities of the Qing Dynasty.

As the saying goes: unlimited scenery at the peak, high climb, suddenlyfeel open vision. Qingyuan cave and nantaiyan are the two peaks we have reachedtoday. They are called "Grand View of mountain and sea". Qingyuan cave, as thefirst cave in Qingyuan mountain, combines the rich historical, cultural andreligious deposits of Quanzhou, and has high ornamental and academic value.Qingyuan cave is also known as "Chunyang cave" and "tuoxianyan". "Quanzhou FuZhi" said: "Qingyuan cave is especially large and strange.". During the reign ofShaoxing in the Song Dynasty, a Taoist surnamed Pei molted his bones and becamean immortal here. Why did Taoist Pei emerge as an immortal here? This is amysterious and long-standing folklore. It says that Taoist Pei killed the peopleand killed the giant python to Qingyuan cave. How deep is Qingyuan cave? Thereis a legend that Qingyuan cave connects Luoyang River. In front of the cave,there are Peixian temple, Guanyin hall, Wenchang Pavilion and other threereligious temples. There are also a large number of historical celebrities whohave come here in droves, leaving countless achievements: Li Guangjin, heQiaoyuan, Jiang Zhili, Hong Chengchou, Nian Bensheng, Ma Nvshu, Shi LangQingyuan cave not only has profound historical connotation and rich culturallandscape, but also has extremely spectacular and beautiful natural scenery. Nowlets enjoy the myriad weather here. The mountain ranges in this area arecrisscross, the peaks fluctuate, and the levels change regularly. The communityis rich and colorful, evergreen all the year round, with the characteristics ofsubtropical rainforest, from which you can see the ancient and famous trees thatare still full of vitality after the wind and frost. Between spring and summer,the cloud and mist on the top of the mountain are transpiration, and thepavilions in front of the cave are ethereal. Because of its high position in themain peak, it faces the boundless sky below. In the near view, there aremountain shadows reflecting the Sky Lake, in the middle view, there are ancientcities with a panoramic view, and in the long view, there is vast sea, whichconstitutes a wonderful "Grand View of mountain and sea". Nantai rock is like a"castle in the air", with towering boulders and a broad vision. It flows intothe sea on the left and Jinxi River on the right. The ancient city is in theembrace, and the purple hat stands in front of it. Under the East and Westtowers, it is a marvelous spectacle in the "Grand View of mountains and seas".There are also Buddhist, Taoist and Buddhist buildings built close to theprecipice, surrounded by green cages of trees, which is also a good view forvisitors to climb high and overlook.

My friends, our journey is coming to an end. As you all know, Qingyuanmountain is full of beautiful sceneries, and what we see today is only rare. ButI hope that through my introduction, you can leave a good impression onQingyuan, a national famous mountain, and arouse your interest in mountains andrivers and revisit your hometown!

Finally, thank you for your cooperation and wish to have a chance to gettogether with you again!

各位团友我们现在就已经来到了开元寺大殿门口，这里又称为拜亭，据说在当日大殿落成的时候天降紫云，于是寸草不生，1992(飞碟探索)杂志曾把此列为UFO降临的疑似地点之一!其实此处之所以寸草不生不过是因为信徒过多，踩得长不出小草!大家看大殿上面那四个字是什么，很多人都不认识那第三个字，那个字读法，这块牌匾读作桒莲法界，还记得我在车上给大家讲的故事吗，桑树开莲花!至于为什么第三个字读法，据考证这个字去掉三点水读豸，据山海经记载，豸是一种神兽，最公正无私，谁做了坏事它就用独角去顶他，古代的衙门就有供奉这种神兽，所以它代表着法!大家随我来看看这大殿的基座，大家看它雕刻的是什么?没有错，是埃及的狮身人面像，从这边就可以反应出当时泉州汇集了世界各地的宗教文化!

我们现在进入到大殿去参观，请有相机的朋友注意，在我们中国参观寺庙一般只拍建筑而不能拍佛像，所以请尊重寺庙的习惯!我们来到大殿，这中间供奉的是御赐佛像毗卢遮那佛，即大日如来，是佛教密宗的最高神祗!这旁边分别供奉的是依次为东方香积世界阿閦佛，南方欢喜世界的宝生佛，西方极乐世界的阿弥陀佛，北方莲花世界的成就佛，合称为五智如来，又称五方佛!这五尊大佛金光闪烁，衣纹清晰，神容慈祥，法相庄严，双手分别作说法、施与、接引、禅定等相，工艺精巧，令人叹绝。五方佛的胁侍有文殊、普贤、阿难、迦叶以及观音，大势至，关羽，韦陀等侍从!在大殿后正中供奉着密宗六观音之首圣观音，以及善财和龙女两位侍从!旁边分立十八罗汉!开元寺历代住持皈宗不一：有法相宗、律宗、净土宗、密宗、禅宗等宗派，而大殿却能保持这种罕见的规制，这在我们中国十分的罕见!出了大殿大家请跟我往左边走，大家看，这个刻着梅香的院子里面种的不是梅花，而是据说曾经当年开过莲花的桑树，咱且不论桑树是否真的能开莲花，但是这棵已经有1300多年树龄的老桑树确实是世界上最古老的桑树了!有人有疑问，这不是三棵桑树吗，其实这是有原因的，1925年的一次雷雨中，老桑树被雷电一劈为三，其中一技坠落在地上，于是僧人们将其用一块花岗岩托起，并镌一对联“此对生莲垂拱二年，支令勿坏以全其天“，老桑树果然奇迹般地活了下来，前几年，大风将树于从托石上吹落地，末等人们再次扶植，它已落地生根了。如今，“三树同根”的老桑树犹如一朵盛开的花朵，向着北、东、南三个方向延伸开去，一年四季，郁郁青青!

泉州府文庙始建于唐开元末年，当时的宰相张九龄题匾“鲁司寇庙”。北宋太平兴国初年移建文庙于此，其后几经修缮，左学右庙，规制逐步完整，规模不断扩大，占地面积近百亩，形成了以儒学为中心的中华传统文化在东南沿海乃至东南亚地区广为传播的重要基地。是东南地区最大的文庙建筑群。20__年文庙被列为全国重点文物保护单位，是目前福建省两处被列为全国重点文物保护单位的文庙之一。文庙内大成殿的重檐庑殿式结构是泉州目前惟一存在的这种建筑结构，这种结构代表了当时最高建筑规格。国家文物局罗哲文、单士元及黄景略等专家几次考察文庙之后认为，大成殿基本保存了宋代结构，为福建省少见。

孔子有“素王”之称，历代由“宣尼公”晋封到“文宣王”，被树为“百世文官表，历代帝王师”。孔庙建筑于贯穿南北的中轴线上，原有规模较大，庙门在今涂门街(原称通淮路或府学口)，至洙泗桥及中菜市场，均属孔庙的第一进院落。大成门捏前为横星门、大成殿是孔庙的中心建筑。东有海滨邹鲁亭、夫子泉、明伦堂、育英门、教授署、尊经阁等;西有泮宫、杏坛，庙学范围内还有十几座乡贤名“宦祠”、状元祠、占地一百多庙。

泮宫亦称圣贤门、在孔庙西南边、面临南大街，坐东朝西。宋时建筑已废，后改为水泥，仿木建筑，歇山顶二层楼阁式、面阔三开间、三层中间为通道，门楣横书“泮宫”二字。泮宫即学宫，周代诸侯的学校前有半月形的水池，名叫泮水，诸侯的学校就称泮宫，意在伴水边建学宫而名。明清科举制度规定，学童考进县学为新进学员，须入学宫拜谒孔子，叫做入泮或游泮。

泮官楼上撰有榴联：“海国闽疆东南重镇;典章文物邹鲁遗风”。

虽然我去过很多地方，但游览国家A级自然风景区却是第一次。

那是一个星期天，我和妈妈、小姨、小表弟到泉州清源山游玩。当我们来到清源山脚下的时候，发现这里的游客可真多呀!有鹤发童颜的老人，有充满活力的年轻人，有欢蹦乱跳的小孩子，更有金发碧眼的外国人。我们买了门票就跟着那人群往山顶的方向走去。“爬山了!”我高兴地大喊。

不一会儿，我们来到了一个叫“莲花池”的地方。只见池里挤满了碧绿的荷叶，荷叶间托起了无数粉红的的荷花，这时，我想起了一句诗——“青荷盖绿水，芙蓉披红鲜”，这不就是眼前的景象吗?莲花池上有一座由一朵朵莲花石雕连接起来的桥，造型别致，雕工精美，和池里的荷花相映成趣，别有一番风味。我和妈妈连忙走上桥去，让阿姨帮忙拍了好些照片。

走过了莲花池，我们来到一棵树荫下乘凉。正当我一个劲猛喝水的时候，忽然发现那边有好多吊床，于是我向妈妈要求到吊床那边玩一阵子，妈妈答应了。我和小表弟各租了一张吊床。我躺在上面，用力一晃，那吊床就荡了起来，“真爽!”我情不自禁地大叫起来。小表弟也高兴得边荡边大喊大叫。

荡够了吊床，，我们又来到了天鹅湖。在这里，我们虽然没看到天鹅，但却意外地看到了一湖碧绿的水。湖面平静得像一面镜子，倒映着岸上的垂柳，倒映着蓝天、白云，使人仿佛走进画卷之中!几朵小金鱼正游过来，围成一朵花的形状，宛如花样游泳运动员正进行集训，引来岸上的游客喝彩声连连。

走了半天，我们才回到山下。一路上绿荫浓浓，我们尽情地呼吸着清新的空气，享受着大自然赐予我们的礼物。

泉州清源山导游词

导语：福建的地理特点是“依山傍海”，九成陆地面积为丘陵地带，被称为“八山一水一分田”。以下是第一范文网小编为你介绍的福建导游词，希望您喜欢阅读：

各位朋友，大家好!很高兴今天有机会和大家一起去登山，去共同领略有“秀出东南”美誉的清源山秀丽而多姿的风采!由于时间所限，我们今天参观的景点依次是老君岩、千手岩、弥陀岩，希望大家玩得开心尽兴!

清源山是国家级重点风景名胜区，由清源山、九日山、灵山圣墓三大片区组成，总面积六十二平方公里。清源山景区方圆有四十华里，主峰海拔498米，与泉州市山城相依，相互辉映，犹如名城泉州的一颗璀璨明珠，闪烁着耀眼的光芒，吸引了众多的海外游客。清源山历史上因泉眼诸多亦名“泉山”，城因山得名“泉州”;山高人云又名“齐云山”;位于市区北郊又称“北山”;因山峰鼎峙，故又称“三台山”。据泉州府志记载，清源山最早开发于秦代，唐代“儒、道、释”三家竞相占地经营，兼有伊斯兰教、摩尼教、印度教的活动踪迹，逐步发展为多种宗教兼容并蓄的文化名山。景区内流泉飞瀑、奇岩异洞、峰峦叠翠、万木竞秀，以宗教寺庙宫观、文人书院石宝以及石雕石构石刻等文物为主的人文景观几乎遍布清源山的每个角落，现存完好的宋、元时期道教、佛教大型石雕共7处9尊，历代摩崖石刻近500方，元、明、清三代花岗岩仿木结构佛像石室3处，以及近代高憎弘一法师(李叔同)舍利塔和广钦法师塔院。自古以来，清源山就以36洞天，18胜景闻名于世，其中尤以老君岩、千手岩、弥陀岩、碧霄岩、瑞象岩、虎乳泉、南台岩、清源洞、赐恩岩等为胜，今天我们时间有限，无法饱览清源山的神韵，只能让大家留点遗憾去回味，或可以从我们有关的旅游宣传资料中去神游一番了。

敬的各位来宾：

你们好!我受旅游、接待部门的委托，对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观，非常高兴，这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。

孔庙，又称至圣庙，是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话：建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题：一是孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。

孔庙由这里起分为三路布局，这一道五门，中为“大成门”，左边是“金声门”，右边是“玉振门”，再往西为“启圣门”，再往东为“承圣门”。大成门的建筑结构是“犬牙交错，勾心斗角”。中间插进为“勾心”，左右四角尖端相顶为“斗角”。大成门三字系雍正皇帝的御笔。赞孔子是集先圣先贤之大成，达到了至高无上的境界。

孔庙西路是祭礼孔子父母的地方。其父叔梁纥，母颜征在，皇帝封为启圣王和启圣王夫人，建有启圣王殿、寝殿、金丝堂等建筑。

孔庙的东路，前后两部分，前院是孔子故宅，有“孔宅故井”，孔子九代孙孔鲋藏书的地方名“鲁壁”，现在看到的经书，立头功的应为“鲁壁”。为纪念孔子教育其子读书建了“诗礼堂”，孔子说“不学诗无以言，不字礼无以立”，意为不学诗不会讲话，不学礼不懂得如何立身事。诗礼堂内有著名雕刻家石可先生刻制的仿汉画石刻“圣迹图”。后院是崇圣祠、五代祠，祭祀孔子上五代祖先的祠堂。

各位先生，孔庙似历史的、知识的学堂，因时间有限，咱们只看了主要的，我是厄要介绍的。孔子是圣人，也是伟大的旅游家，周游列国20xx年，宣传他修身、齐家、治国平天下的学问，收集了宝贵的资料。有关圣人的遗迹很多，很值得一看。我们相处时间虽短，可友谊长存，盼望各位有机会再来曲阜观光，我们一定很好地服务。

孔庙就看到这里，谢谢大家的合作，欢迎您再来。

在南安市水头康店覆船山麓的赤土坡上，墓为闽南风格，古朴庄严。墓前有石雕华表一对，高入云表。左右侧有旗杆夹数对。石砌墓道基庭其碑。墓体三排九室为三合土。解放后几经修葺，并立《重修民族英雄郑成功陵墓碑记》，定为国家重点文物保护单位。

郑成功(1624-1662年)南安石井人，生于日本平户，七岁回国，青少年时在晋江安海读书，是明末清初著名的民族英雄。1661年4月到翌年2月，郑成功率领义军东渡中国台湾，收复宝岛，迫使荷兰侵略者在投降书上签字，在列强东侵的艰难时代，大长中华民族志气。他同时为开发建设中国台湾呕心沥血。1662年病卒于中国台湾承天府，葬于台南州仔尾。清康熙38年(1699年)中国台湾与清朝版图划一。

经康熙帝御批，由郑成功之孙郑克爽迁葬回原籍郑氏祖茔，一同迁葬有郑成功子郑经。

大雄宝殿始建于唐朝垂拱二年(公元686年)，先后经过唐、南宋、元、明几次受灾与重建，现存建筑物是明代崇祯十年(公元1637年)遗物。大殿通高20米，面宽九间，进深六间，面积达1387.75平方米，大殿出拱深远，外观雄浑，保存唐朝宏模巨制、巍峨壮观的建筑风格。

大殿正中供奉的是御赐佛像毗卢遮那佛，汉译大日如来，是佛教密宗的最高神抵。其两旁是五代王审邽修大殿时增塑的四尊大佛，依次为东方香积世界阿閦佛，南方欢喜世界是宝生佛，西方极乐世界阿弥陀佛，北方莲花世界成就佛，合称五方佛，也叫五智如来。这五尊大佛金光闪烁，衣纹清晰，神容慈祥，法相庄严，双手分别作说法、施与、接引、禅定等相，工艺精巧，令人叹绝。五方佛的胁侍有文殊、普贤、阿难、迦叶以及观音、势至、韦驮、关羽、梵王、帝释等诸天菩萨、护法神将共10尊。在大殿后正中供奉着密宗六观音的首座圣观音以及善才、龙女和两翼神态各异的十八罗汉。开元寺历代住持皈宗不一：有法相宗、律宗、净土宗、密宗、禅宗等宗派，而大殿却能保持这种罕见的规制，这既值得夸耀，也是值得研究的。

大雄宝殿还有一个百柱殿”的雅称。全殿原计划设立柱子一百根，后来因为需要放置佛像和腾出给佛教徒朝拜的地方，便加长了珩梁，减少了立柱，成为86根柱子的百柱殿”。崇祯十年(公元1637年)右参政、按察使曾樱与总兵郑芝龙重修开元寺紫云大殿时，将其中木柱全部换成石柱。百柱殿的柱子形式丰富多彩，有宋、元、明各时期的海棠花式柱、圆柱、方柱。楞梭柱、蟠龙柱等。尤其是殿后廊檐间那对16角形辉绿岩石柱，雕刻着古代印度和锡兰流传的古印度教大神克里希那的故事和花卉图案24幅，引起中外学者的极大兴趣。它与殿前月台须弥座束腰处的72幅辉绿岩狮身人面像和狮子浮雕，同为修殿时从已毁的元代主印教寺移来的。它们是宋元时期泉州海外交通繁荣发达，中外文化友好交流的历史见证。

Qingyuan mountain, also known as Beishan, Quanshan and Qiyun mountain, isthe North barrier of Quanzhou City. It is 498 meters above sea level and coversan area of 62 square kilometers. The main scenic area is 3 kilometers away fromQuanzhou City. "The wonder of Qingyuan is stone", and the spirit of Qingyuan isspring. Yuan people praised "the first mountain of Penglai in minhai". "Qingyuanconfrontation" is one of the ten scenic spots in Quanzhou, which has always beena range rover for tourists. It was listed as national scenic spot in 1988.

The right peak of Qingyuan mountain is steep, the middle peak is lofty, andthe left peak is meandering. Layer upon layer of peaks and knolls, deep holesare deep, and once the thirty-six cave days are known for their essence, such asLao Jun Yan, thousand hand rock, mite, Bi Xiao rock, Rui Xiang, Ci Enyan, fiveChinese Taiwan rock, ntai Yan, tortoise rock, lion rock, slough rock and Qingyuan caveare still preserved; nests, Yunshan rocks and zidze cave are still relics. Thesecaves, either made of wonderful scenery or artificially carved, have their owncharacteristics and each achieves its own beauty. Its main features are: Laojunrock, located at the foot of Luoshan mountain and Wushan mountain, is a sittingstatue of Laojun carved from natural rocks of Song Dynasty. It is 5.1 metershigh, vivid in shape and exquisite in carving. It is now the most importantstone statue in China and a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Midoyan is located on the "yixiaotai" on the mountainside of zuofeng. In1364, an imitation wooden stone chamber was built on the stone wall, with a facewidth of 5.6 meters and the inscription "AMI" on the forehead

Buddha. On the back wall of the room, the statue of Amitabha Buddha, 5meters high, is a key cultural relic protection unit of the province. Outsidethe rock, there are "yixiantian", "Yuntai", "lianxinshi", "quankuguanbao","Hongyi master relic tower" and other landscapes.

Bixiaoyan, located in the southeast of midoyan, was built in the 27th yearof the Yuan Dynasty (1290). The original stone structure was abandoned. Thestatue of the third Buddha sitting in relief on the cliff is a key culturalrelic protection unit of the province. On the top of the rock is shangbixiao,with a platform and the character "Shou" carved on the cliff, which is 4 meterssquare. The spiritual bones of master Guangqin, who came back from Chinese Taiwan, werealso buried by Bixiao rock, and a stone tower was built to pay homage tothem.

Ruixiang rock is located in the east of Bixiao rock. In 1086, the statue ofSakya Ruixiang was carved on tianzhufeng mountain stone. It is 4.4 meters high.In the 19th year of Chenghua (1483) of Ming Dynasty, the imitation wood stonechamber was built. The rock is a key cultural relic protection unit of theprovince. Outside the rock

The sky is full of strange rocks. Among the cliffs, there are cliffcarvings of "forget to return" and "North Gate victory". On the opposite side ofthe rock chamber is Luohan peak, standing on the side of the broken rock, whichis shaped like Luohan, forming the auspicious spectacle of the 18th LuohanDynasty.

In addition, the statues of Sakyamuni in qianshouyan and Guanyin in Baiyiin cienyan were all carved in Yuanyou period of Northern Song Dynasty, whichhave high historical and artistic value. The spring in Qingyuan mountain hasmore than 100 eyes. The famous one is called "Kong Quan", also known as "Hu FuQuan". The spring bursts out from the pores of a large rock lying obliquely,with clear and constant flow. Qingyuan and Quanshan got their names. "Springcave view waterfall" on the side of mitoyan. In the rainy season, there is ascene that "the rainbow and rain are blowing continuously, and there are stillmany rivers of colored glaze"; in the dry season, there is a drop of coagulatedfat, which needs to wait for the reservoir above to release its gate, and theartificial waterfall is built.

Scholars, generals, eminent monks and dignitaries of all dynasties visitedthe mountain, leaving 400 square steles and cliff inscriptions. Mi Fus "thefirst mountain" in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yu Dayous "Junen mountain" in theMing Dynasty, and master Hongyis "the intersection of sadness and joy" in themodern monks ink are highly admired. He studied in Jielu on Qingyuan mountainand made great achievements, including Ouyang Zhan, Lin Yun and Lin Zao in TangDynasty, Li Guangjin, Wang Shenzhong and Gu Bi in Ming Dynasty. There are manyTaoist priests and eminent monks in Qingyuan mountain. The numerous allusions,legends, myths and so on spread in Qingyuan mountain make the famous mountainhave more profound cultural connotation.

在五方佛前石柱和珩梁接合次，有两排相向的24尊体态丰腴、纹饰华丽、色彩斑斓，双翼舒展的天女，梵文频伽”(即妙音鸟)。据佛经说：此鸟发声微妙，仙音优雅，连歌神紧那罗都不及她。他们原是佛的侍者，而能工巧匠们把她们的下半身嵌人柱榫里，翼胁之下爪足外露，上半身向前伸出，昂首挺胸，短衣半袒，樱洛圈胫胚，双臂伸展，腕着驯镯，手棒文房四宝，瓜果点心，丝竹管弦，翩翩若仙。他们不但给人以美的艺术享受，而且用以代替斗拱，依托粗大的珩梁，减少其过大的跨度，极为巧妙地将宗教、艺术与建筑融合起来，令人称绝。

百柱殿的后侧西边，是据说开过白莲花的千年老桑树，即桑蓬古迹”。看到它老态龙钟的样子，大家都相信它已有一千多岁高龄了，对其是否开过白莲花大多不去追究了。不过，在老桑树下，立有一块古老的石碑，言之凿凿，似乎确有其事。在1925年的一次雷雨中，老桑树被雷电一劈为三，其中一技坠落在地上，于是僧人们将其用一块花岗岩托起，并镌一对联此对生莲垂拱二年，支令勿坏以全其天，老桑树果然奇迹般地活了下来，而且枝繁叶茂，青春焕发。前几年，大风将树于从托石上吹落地，末等人们再次扶植，它已落地生根了。如今，三树同根”的老桑树犹如一朵盛开的花朵，向着北、东、南三个方向延伸开去，一年四季，郁郁青青。

大殿后面的甘露戒坛，建在中轴线的第二台阶上。据说唐朝时候，此地常降甘露，一个叫行昭的和尚于是在这里挖了一口甘露井。北来天津三年(公元1019年)在井上建坛，遂称甘露戒坛。南宋建炎二年(公元1108年)敦炤和尚认为戒坛不符合规范，又按《南山图经》改建为五级，其间高低宽窄都有严格的限制。后经元、明多次重修，现存建筑是清康熙五年(公元1666年)重建的四重檐八角攒尖式结构。坛顶正中藻井采用如意斗拱，交叠上收，如蜘蛛结网，似回纹织锦，结构复杂而精巧。坛之四周立柱斗拱和铺作间24尊飞天乐伎”，身系五彩飘带，手持琵琶、二弦、洞萧、响板，轻歌曼舞，翩翩若飞。它们与百柱殿的频伽一样，既是建筑艺术的瑰宝，也是研究南音与南戏十分宝贵的形象资料。

尊敬的各位来宾：

你们好！我受旅游、接待部门的委托，对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观，非常高兴，这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。

首先，向大家简要介绍一下曲阜的历史、文物概况。

历史文化名城曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文献整理家、世之圣人孔子的家乡，亚圣孟子的故里，中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝的诞生地，炎帝的首都，商殷故国，鲁国首都。三皇五帝有四位在这里生息劳作，有5000多年的历史。地下有丰富的宝藏，地上有众多的文物。现有文物112处，其中有联合国保护单位，世界文化遗产3处，全国保护的4处，省级12处，其他为地市级保护的。

重中之重有“三孔两庙一陵”、“三山二林一寺”。孔庙、孔府、孔林，俗称“三孔”，有祭祀中国元圣周公的庙宇，有祭祀孔子第一大弟子复圣颜回的庙，俗称“两庙”;“一陵”是黄帝诞生地——寿丘少昊陵;“三山”;孔子出生地尼山、汉墓群九龙山、小泰山——九仙山（又称九山）。二林是：世界教育孩子最好的母亲孟母林，孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;“一寺”是李白、杜甫作诗、答对、分手处，著名文人孔尚任隐居处国家园林“石门寺”。

我们现在看孔庙。

孔庙，又称至圣庙，是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话：建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题：一是孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。

孔庙始建于公元前478年，孔子去世的第二年建庙。在孔子故居建庙堂三间，陈列孔子的衣、车、书等，“岁时奉祀”。历代皇帝对孔庙都有扩建，计大修15次，中修31次，小修数百次达到现在的规模。孔庙仿皇宫建筑之制，分三路布局，九过院落，共有房屋466间，门亭54座，东西相对贯穿在一条中轴线上，有碑碣近千块，占地327。5亩，长达两华里又150公尺。现在看到的孔庙是明弘治年间的规模。解放后国家多次拨款维修保护。我国首批公布的全国重点文物保护单位，1994年12月列入世界文化遗产，成为联合国保护的文物单位，孔庙建筑时间之久远，规模之宏大，保存之完整实属世之罕见。

神道。“万仞宫墙”前古柏苍劲的这段路为“神道”。重要的庙宇前都有专开的尊敬灵通之道，称“神道”。

万仞宫墙。这道门是曲阜明城正南门，也是孔庙的第一道门，上悬“万仞宫墙”四个大字，系清乾隆皇帝的御笔。它来源于孔子得意弟子子贡。鲁国大会诸侯时，有人提出子贡的学问博大精深，可与孔子相提并论，子贡在场，马上站起来说，我可不敢与俺老师孔子比，人的学问好比一堵墙，我这道墙只有一仞之高，俺老师的墙有数仞之多。就是说，我的学问等于一肩膀头子高，一目了然没什么深奥的;孔子的学问有我数倍之多，经过详细的研究，全面的探讨，才能了解他的全部，入了门以后，才能看到宗庙之美，在门外头你是看不到的。后人为了形容孔子的学问高深，从夫子之墙数仞，到“百仞”、“千仞”到明代皇帝封孔子为“天下文官主，历代帝王师”，封孔子学问有“万仞”，赞颂孔子学问有一万个八尺，往上看，看不到顶，亦说此墙深壁高垒非常坚固。这四个字原为明钦差所写，乾隆为表示他对孔子的重视，亲书“万仞宫墙”换上了他的御笔。

金声玉振坊。此坊建于明代，为表达孔子学问精湛而完美，如同奏乐的全过程，自始至终完整无缺。古乐是以敲钟开始，钟起“始条理也”，是击磬告终，“玉振”为磬落的声音，称“终条理也”，赞扬孔子的学问是集先贤先圣之大成，所以称“金声而玉振也”，“金声”钟的声音，始，“玉振”磬的声音，终。这也是办事要“有始有终”成语的来源。“金声玉振”是明代大书法家胡缵宗题定的。

“二柏担一孔”。过玉振坊这个单孔的石拱桥，东西各有一棵古柏，所以人称“二柏担一孔”。这桥名曰：“泮水桥”与行宫旁泮水池的水相通，因之演义为“盼水”。过去读孔孟之书，考上高等学府叫“入盼”，做官的盼高升，做买卖盼发财，过日子盼兴旺。

下马碑。庙墙外东西各立一块石碑，公元1191年专立的下马碑，下轿碑。西边的碑早毁坏，东边这块碑上写“官员人等至此下马”。过去文武官员、庶民百姓从此路过下轿下马徒步而行，以示对孔子、孔庙的尊敬。

棂星门。明代所建，公元1754年重修，由木制改铁石的。“棂星门”系乾隆御笔。相传天上星系“有二十八宿”，其中，有个掌管文化的星叫“棂星”，又名“文曲星”、“天振星”，把孔子与天上管文化的星联系起来，说文化方面他是最高的，如过去祭天，要先祭“文曲星”，有尊孔如尊天的说法。

太和元气坊。这坊是明代公元1544年所建，极赞孔子的思想，主张如同“太空宇宙能哺育万物。天地之合，四方之合，阴阳之合”，称“太和”之气是最基本的东西，宇宙之太和，人间之元气。“太和元气”系山东巡抚曾铣手书。

至圣庙坊。明代所建“至圣庙坊”，是汉白玉的，上饰火焰宝珠。

德侔天地，道冠古今。这道院的东西对衬各建一处很奇特的牌坊，木制角棱环绕，千头万续，下有八个怪兽，叫“天龙神狮”，相传它威严灵感，可驱除邪恶，匡扶正义。东边牌坊上书：“德侔天地”，说孔子的思想主张给人类的好处如同天高地厚，功德能同天地相比。西边的牌坊上书“道冠古今”，赞孔子思想、办法古今都是盖世之冠。