北京英语导游词范文（汇集20篇）

In a few minutes, we will arrive at the famous scenic spot in Shanghai, YuGarden. It is located in Huangpu District, Southeast of downtown Shanghai. Themain attractions are Yu Garden, Yu Garden tourist shopping mall, Town GodsTemple and Shanghai old street. There are also such attractions as the castlePavilion, Confucioustemple, the small Taoyuan mosque, and so on. Therefore, theYu Garden tourist area in Shanghai is known for a long time. Speaking of theorigin of Yu Garden, it has a long history. It must be traced back to the templeof the Yuan Dynasty. The 1373 emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, namedQin Yu Bo as the city god of Shanghai. But at the same time, he did not build agovernment office. After that, he was invited into the hall of Huo Guang Xing,and Shanghai began to have Town Gods Temple. Ming Jiajing thirty-eight years(1559) to Ming Wanli fifteen years (1587) Pan Yunduan spent 20__ years to buildthe Yu Garden, and later because of the huge cost, pan family graduallydeclined. In the twenty-five years of Qing Emperor Qianlong (1760), the gentrycollection of Shanghai purchased the garden base, rebuilt it and handed it toTown Gods Temple management. In this way, Town Gods Temple has both its owngarden and Yu Garden. Yu Garden once became a scenic spot in Shanghai, so thatthere was no saying that Town Gods Temple did not arrive in Shanghai. But afterthe Opium War, the City God became almost useless. After several repair,especially in 1980s, the peoples government invested heavily in theconstruction of the imitated Ming Yu Garden shopping mall, and again in the FangBang Road, the old Shanghai street in the late Qing Dynasty and the earlyRepublic of Shanghai.

The characteristics of Yu Garden tour area are not only the most typicalChinese culture inheritance, but also the most concentrated tourism resources.It is a collection of garden, religion, architecture, commerce, food, folkculture in one place. To say that Yu Gardens garden culture used to cover morethan 70 mu of Yu Garden at that time, but the vicissitudes of wind and rain inthe past 420__ years, the garden was wasted. The Yu Garden temple and its nearbytemple temples are also very concentrated. Here we can see a strong religiousculture. Here are the Confucian Confucioustemple and Confucianism.

Tao, the Yu Garden of Buddhist culture, the Buddhist incense Pavilion, theTaoist Town Gods Temple, the Islamic Taoyuan mosque, the Catholic Dong Jia DuCatholic Church and the Christian Qingxin hall. Among them, Yu Garden, XiangXiang, Town Gods Temple and other buildings can also be said to be the bestembodiment of Yu Gardens architectural culture. Therefore, some people oncesaid that the old Chengxiang Yu Garden tourist area is a residential Museum inMing, Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Of course, Yu Garden tour areaalso has a shopping paradise, the reputation of the small commodity kingdom. Itsproducts are small, rustic and special. In addition to buying the goods youlike, you can also taste all kinds of delicious food here. The reputation of"eating in Shanghai" has long been well-known both at home and abroad. There areold restaurants with Shanghai local flavor, as well as famous special snacks allover the country. Yu Garden also has its own folk culture characteristics.Shikumen, the temple fair of the Old City God Temple in Shanghai, and theLantern Festival every month to the first month, can always bring some newfeelings to you. OK, now please take your valuables and visit with me

各位游客们，大家好!我是本次带你们去北京故宫三日游的导游，我姓林，名雨欣，你们可以叫我小林。我先说一下这次去故宫三日游的行程，上午，我们就在故宫外沿看一看，可以拍一些照片。中午12点左右去北京故宫旅游导游词餐厅吃饭，吃晚饭后，我们进入故宫内部，下午五点左右到餐厅吃完晚饭后，去故宫博物馆------希望各位游客能配合工作人员：不要乱扔垃圾，不损坏文物，讲文明。

北京故宫，又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，今天人们称它为故宫，意为过去的皇宫。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界现存最大，最完整的古建筑群，被誉为世界五大宫之首，其中有北京故宫，法国凡尔赛宫，英国白金汗宫，美国白宫，俄罗斯克里姆林宫。

依照中国古代星象学说，紫徽坛(即北极星)位于中天，乃天帝所居，无人对应，所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取地位后，决定迁都北京，即开始营造这座故宫，至明永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。1920xx年，幸亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制——清王朝，1920xx年逊帝傅仪被逐出宫。

这次旅游故宫很愉快，大家玩的一定很愉快吧，本次行程到此结束，如果下次有机会的话，希望大家还来找我当导游，最后我想送大家一句话：保护文物人人有责。让我们举起楥手，一起来维护美丽宏伟有丰富历史的故宫。

Welcome to changsha, hunan! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you cancall me little x. In order to facilitate everyone to visit, let me firstintroduce the history of changsha in hunan province.

15-20__00 years ago, human activity has started in changsha. About 7000years ago, changsha began to form the village. About 2400 years ago in thespring and autumn period and the warring states period chu in changsha city.Until today, the site has not changed, more than 20__ years ago the location ofthe road and even today the streets are still coincidence, therefore, changshabecome the longest in the history of Chinese city one of the cities at the sameaddress.

The different historical period, changsha has "LinXiang", called "tamstates"; Changsha tang and song dynasty and Ming dynasty and qing dynasty, itseconomy and culture as its most prosperous period in history. The earliestdocumented in the name of "changsha" ", wang shifu book will be about tribute"changsha turtle" say, more than 3000 years ago. Chow period of ningxiang countycoal river site unearthed four sheep statue of bronze ware etc reflects thechangsha area with the original a connection. Changsha, about 2400 years historyof city construction, city was built in the spring and autumn period and thewarring states period, chu. "The millet of changsha, chu also." ChuCheng kingset county in guizhou, changsha as its scope. By qin qin shi huang unifiedChina, changsha county 36 county, one of which is changsha starts with Chinasadministrative division name go down in history. Han period, the capital city ofchangsha, changsha countries. In the early eastern han dynasty waste "changsha"appointed "changsha county" instead.

In The Three Kingdoms and the western jin dynasty period, changsha countygovernance, belong to the ancient jingzhou. The late western jin dynasty and thenorthern and southern dynasties, changsha county and hunan state system ofgovernance.

Sui early withdrawal county, head of changsha as tam state government; Thelate change state for the county, and changsha, changsha county countygovernance. When set pool by the tang dynasty, once jiangnan road, Jiang Naxiway. Changsha kiln in the five dynasties period of the tang dynasty, onceflourished, become the birthplace of under glaze color. Five dynasties and tenstates period for changsha chu capital, which is the only country to changshafor capital.

When the song dynasty by the changsha to pool. Changsha yuelu academy, setup in the northern song dynasty to culture and education to the peak. The yuandynasty in 1274 to pool state road, HuGuang province seat. Is still the tamstate road 1281, hunan DaoXuan comfort seat, subordinate HuGuang provinces; Yuanliterate admired day calendar for two years due to the "good" emperors nameheaven road, yuan state seat change at the end of the pool. Ming to changshaFuZhi, originally department subordinate HuGuang. The qing emperor kangxi threeyears to build "hunan province", changsha as changsha government FuZhi and hunanprovince. When Ming and qing dynasties, changsha, there are four big market andbig four, what he said, one of the most important market for China.

Late qing dynasty, zeng guofan became "the first person of hunan", thechangsha government emerged important figure in Chinese history, such as CengGuoquan, zuo zongtang, Hu Linyi, such as elimination of the taiping heavenlykingdom, started the westernization movement, recovered in xinjiang, etc., causeprofound influence to the late qing dynasty of China. Late qing dynasty andearly republic of China, changsha become important political and revolutionaryactivities. The reform movement of Chen Baozhen, tan sitong, establishment ofThe Times in changsha school. ZiLiJun uprising, China after a sudden flash ofinspiration, symbol of tian-hua Chen and Yao Hongye, clear ping feels ashameduprising, rob rice agitation, are influential activities. Against the qingdynasty in the late qing dynasty made a series of qing dynasty, made greatcontribution to the establishment of the republic of China.

Danxia Mountain (China Red Stone Park), located in Renhua county andZhenjiang District, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, is a World Geopark, worldheritage site, world natural heritage site, etc. With an area of 292 squarekilometers, Danxia Mountain is the largest and most beautiful scenic spot andnatural heritage site in Guangdong Province, with Danxia landform as the mainlandscape. Together with Dinghu Mountain, Luofu Mountain and Xiqiao Mountain, itis known as the four famous mountains in Guangdong Province. Since 1988, DanxiaMountain has been awarded five national brands, including national scenic spot,National Nature Reserve, National Geopark and national AAAAA scenic spot. It wasapproved as the first batch of world geoparks in 20__.

Danxia Mountain is the worlds "Danxia landform" named. Danxia Mountain iscomposed of more than 680 red gravel rocks with flat top, steep body and gentlefoot, "the color is like wodan, the color is like bright Xia", and it ischaracterized by red cliff in Chibi. According to the research of geologists,among more than 1200 Danxia landforms discovered in the world, Danxia Mountainis the most typical, complete, rich and beautiful concentrated distribution areaof Danxia landforms.

There are more than 80 sites of Buddhist biezhuan temple and grotto templein Danxia Mountain. Many legends, poems and cliff stone carvings have been lefthere by scholars of all ages, which has great historical and cultural value.

Danxia Mountain products include Shatian pomelo, Baimao tea, Auriculariaauricula, fruit cane, water chestnut, Shankeng snail, dried bamboo shoots,mushrooms, etc.

Danxiashan pomelo

Danxiashan Shatian pomelo is the best among pomelo. It belongs to Rutaceae.It is an evergreen tree with thick leaves, wide wings and large clusters offlowers. The fruit is broad obovate, mature at the end of autumn, light orangeand storable. The flesh is sweet but not sour. Because the climate and soilquality here are the same as those of Shatian pomelo in Guangxi, the shape,flesh, sweetness and fragrance of the fruit are comparable to those of Shatianpomelo in Guangxi. Now a large number of species have been introduced to DanxiaMountain and surrounding villages, especially Xiafu village.

Baimao tea

Renhua county is the hometown of Lingnan Baimao tea. The "Yunwu Baihao" teafrom huanglingzhang, Hongshan, Renhua was once a tribute to the court of JiaqingDynasty in Qing Dynasty. This kind of green tea Yinhao is covered with Baimaotea syrup, with light color, sweet taste and natural orchid fragrance, rankingfirst among the three Baimao teas in China. It also has many functions, such asproducing fluid to quench thirst, refreshing brain, eating and appetizing,preventing vomiting, preventing dental caries, dispelling halitosis, reducingblood pressure and so on. Regular drinking can improve health and longevity."Baimaojian" tea is a treasure in tea. It is named because of its thick bud andsilver hair. The processed tea buds are as white as snow, and the tea soup isclear and lasting. According to the biochemical determination of steamed greentea samples, tea polyphenols 42.84%, amino acids 1.47%, dry tea samplesanalysis, tea polyphenols 38.31%, caffeine 5.5%, water extract 45.03%.

Danxiashan mushroom

The Lentinus edodes of Danxia Mountain is a traditional export product withthe characteristics of short handle, thick meat, tender and smooth. Lentinusedodes is rich in nutrition and contains seven essential amino acids. It canreduce blood pressure, cholesterol, prevent liver disease and assist in thetreatment of gastric cancer.

Stir fried snails

You cant go to Danxia Mountain without eating fried snails. Shankeng snailis small, sharp and long, conical in shape. It is the size of Shankeng snailfried with fingers, and can be found in all seasons. But cooking is veryparticular, the best way is: before cooking, you should soak the Shankeng snailin a clean way, remove the sand and debris in the snail body, and then put itinto the chicken soup at room temperature to make its meat fat, fresh and sweet,and then clamp off the tip of the snail tail. When frying, add some seasoningssuch as shredded green pepper, perilla, ginger and scallion, and master theheat, so that you can make fresh, sweet and cool Shankeng snail.

Danxiashan tofu

In a three legged shallow disc of fine porcelain with a slightly convexcenter, there is a white, tender and crystal tofu cake. On the surface, it ispoured with a spoonful of eight fresh shrimps. It is full of color, fragranceand taste. The food is as tender as fat, fresh and smooth. In fact, the tenderand white bean curd paste is not bean products, but steamed Danxiashan bean curdwith fresh Dun egg white and seasoning.

各位游客:

我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方――天坛。明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。

在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。

在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板。

Erhai Lake is named for its momentum like a sea and shape like a human ear.It is a fault lake formed by crustal movement. It is the second largest plateaufreshwater lake in Yunnan Province. It was once known as "yeyuze" and"kunmichuan" in ancient literature. The water surface is about 1972 meters abovesea level. It starts from Jiangwei township of Eryuan County in the north andends at Xiaguan town of Dali City in the south. It is shaped like a crescentmoon. It is 41.5 kilometers long from north to south, 3 to 9 kilometers widefrom east to west. The water depth of Pingge is 105 meters, and the deepestreaches 20.5 meters. ·Erhai Lake has a vast water area with a circumference of116 kilometers and an area of 251 square kilometers. Erhai lake belongs tolancangkou water system, with Miju River in the north; Donghui BOLUO River, XinaCangshan eighteen streams, in addition, submarine faults also continue to havediving gush, thus forming an inexhaustible lake, rich in water, catchment areaof 2565 square kilometers, the average water capacity of 2.82 billion cubicmeters, the lake water from the West Er River, and Yangbi River confluence intoLancang River, and finally into the Pacific Ocean, due to the inflow and outflowof Erhai water, Erhai Lake water flow out The quality of sea water is excellent,which is suitable for the reproduction and growth of all kinds of fish, shrimpand shellfish. At the same time, Erhai Lake is rich in aquatic resources.

Now our cruise ship has been driving in the rippling Erhai Lake.

Known as the "Pearl of the plateau", Erhai Lake is the main scenic resourceof Dali scenic spot and the most important birthplace of Bai ancestors. So far,more than 30 Neolithic sites have been found in Erhai Lake and its surroundinghillside platform. Jinsuo island in Haidong is a famous Neolithic site.Recently, it was discovered that Yuji island in Shuanglang is also an importantsite of Neolithic age and bronze age. In addition to a large number of stonetools and pottery for daily use, there are also mountain shaped sword, ironblade sword with copper handle and pottery models for casting these weapons. Itcan be inferred that it may be the production base for the ancient Bai ancestorsto smelt and cast bronzes until the iron age. There are historical heritages inevery era here. It seems that we can hear the footsteps of Bais ancestors fromancient times to civilization. Therefore, it can also be said that Erhai Lake isthe cradle of Bai nationality.

Now our boat is passing by Guanyin Pavilion. The name of Guanyin Pavilionin your guide map is Tianjing Pavilion, which was called LUOQUAN temple inancient times. This LUOQUAN temple is closely related to Wangfu cloud, a cloudin Cangshan Mountain. The legend of wangfuyun is a household name in Dali. Hereis a brief introduction to the legend of Wangfu cloud.

It is said that the king of Nanzhao had a smart and beautiful princess. Shemet a young and handsome hunter at the grand meeting of "around the threespirits". They loved each other and secretly made a lifelong commitment. Theprincess confided her true feelings to her father and asked for permission.After hearing this, the king was very angry and put the princess in the deeppalace. The princess was very sad. She was depressed all day and didnt thinkabout food and tea. She was looking forward to the hunter to help her out. Theprincess asked her maid to go to Cangshan to find the hunter and tell hersituation and miss. The hunter was very worried when he heard about it, but theprincess was imprisoned in the deep palace, so he couldnt get close to it. Heran wildly on Cangshan Mountain and called out the name of the princess. Theirpure love moved the mountain god. The mountain god gave the hunter a pair ofwings. With wings, the hunter flew into the palace quietly and took the princessout of the palace wall. Here, Nanzhao King couldnt find his daughter. He wasangry and anxious. He invited master Luo Quan from Haidong. Master Luo Quan usedthe sky mirror to show that the princess was in the cave of Yuju peak, and heused the poison of snow to threaten the princess to return to the palace. Thehunter ventured to fly to LUOQUAN temple and stole master LUOQUANs eighttreasures cassock to protect the princess from the cold. When he flew over ErhaiLake, the hateful master LUOQUAN knocked him down into Erhai Lake and turned himinto a rock - a stone mule. When the princess heard the news, she died ofsadness. After the death of the princess, her essence turns into a white cloud.Every year in the severe winter, the white cloud rises to the top of Yuju peakand looks out at Erhai Lake. As soon as this white cloud appears, the Erhai seawill be windy and the waves will not stop until the stone mule on the bottom ofthe sea appears. It is said that at this time, the princess wants to blow awaythe sea and have a look at the lover on the bottom of the sea. However, it istrue that once Wangfu cloud appears, even on a fine day, it will suddenly bewindy and stormy, so fishing boats will not be able to travel on the sea.Therefore, local fishermen also call Wangfu cloud "no ferry cloud", which meansno ferry.

In fact, Wangfu cloud is just a meteorological cloud. It usually appears insunny days in winter and spring, and is formed by the high-speed flow of air.This is related to the special geographical location of Erhai Lake in Cangshanand the steep mountain of Yuju peak. Its appearance indicates the coming of dryand strong monsoon in India. It is an alarm for safe navigation of ships inErhai Lake. Stone mule is a reef in Erhai Lake, which is also called Dinghaipile. Now this reef has been exposed to the sea and used as a navigation mark byboatman. But the imaginative Bai people gave it such a moving legend, whichnaturally linked wangfuyun, the reef on the sea and LUOQUAN temple. To turn acloud, a stone and a temple into a vivid, vivid and substantial beauty alsomakes Wangfu cloud more magical and interesting in everyones mind.

In front of us, the exquisite Island you can see is little Putuo, thesmallest but most famous island in Erhai Lake. In Erhai Lake, little Putuo canbe said to be a "pocket island". Although the island is small, it is well-known,and it is indispensable in the picture books that introduce Dali.

Xiaoputuo is only more than 200 meters in circumference. It is composed oflimestone and covers a total area of about 70 square meters. Why is it calledlittle Putuo? Putuo is the abbreviation of putuoluojia mountain in Sanskrit,which means little white flower mountain or little flower tree mountain. It issaid that it is the place where Guanyin practices in India. Therefore, most ofthe holy places of Guanyin are called Putuo Mountain. For example, PutuoMountain in Zhejiang Province, one of the four famous Buddhist mountains inChina, is named "little Putuo" because its appearance is more like the legendaryTaoist temple of Guanyin, but its scale and terrain are relatively small.

From a distance, little Putuo looks like a natural bonsai in Erhai Lake. Itis said that when Guanyin came to Dali, she saw the beautiful scenery, pleasantclimate, hardworking and kind-hearted Bai people. She loved this land very much.In addition, she also saw that there were many dragons in Erhai Lake, whichoften caused violent waves. So she put a Zhenhai seal in Erhai Lake, hoping thatit would always keep Dali safe. This reef is the seal used by GuanyinBodhisattva to suppress Jiaolong. Therefore, "little Putuo" is also known as"Haiyin", so the nearby fishing village is also named "Haiyin village".

Xiaoputuo is a scenic spot with beautiful scenery in Erhai, and also aplace with rich Buddhist culture. It was probably during the reign of Chongzhenin the Ming Dynasty that fishermen nearby donated money to build this two-storyPavilion on the island. The pavilion below is dedicated to Dadu Maitreya, andthe pavilion above is dedicated to Guanyin. Dali Buddhism has a remarkablefeature, that is, it is close to Bodhisattva rather than Buddha. Therefore, mostof the Bai people in Dali worship Guanyin in temples. There are male and femalefaces in Guanyin, and the female one is offered in little Putuo of Erhai Lake.This is the obvious difference between Dali and Hinayana Buddhism inXishuangbanna and Dehong.

In the eyes of Bai people, little Putuo is the most spiritual island. EverySpring Festival or any happy event, the Bai people in the nearby villages haveto go to little Putuo for sacrifice to celebrate or for peace. Every time thebride and groom get married, the groom will take the bride around the Islandthree times in a boat, hoping that little Putuo can bring them: Happiness andauspiciousness.

Today, all of you come to Dali from afar to feel the history, culture,customs and peoples feelings here. We also hope that little Putuo can bring youhappiness and peace.

La région autonome zhuang du guangxi, la mer du nord, dans la province du guangxi, au large du nord-est de l’atoll situé le plus au sud, la mer du nord du golfe beibu, est un paysage Urbain et le climat, avec, intense. Mais un paysage littoral subtropical, la belle ville de la ville touristique.

La mer du nord au sud de la Chine est un beau rivage, le jardin de la ville se situe, quartiers résidentiels arborés de rectitude, mers, de l’île, les cîtes particulières et le beau soleil du nom de l’eau, des plages nette, XiGe HuaYang parois latérales, prévoyant la construction dans des zones urbaines, des zones résidentielles gracieux, un style vertes, la nature des dons généreux à accrocher un beau dessin. Population urbaine naturel, culturel, KeGu culturels des communes, des œufs culturelles contrastent fortement avec la culture locale.

La mer du nord, la lumière du soleil se subtropicales, précipitations, la végétation luxuriant. YeLu tout au long de l’année, quatre saisons GuaGuo consacré beaucoup compliqué. Le milieu naturel sont bien protégés dans de nombreux pays du continent et les îles côtières naturels, bonne température des plages, Vincent paronnaud nette à flot souple, comme la capacité nette de tapis. La qualité de l’eau au niveau national. L’air est la plus fraîche national dans différentes villes du pays, dans le niveau excellent. La Chine villes vivables est un «trois» (c’est -à-dire en mer du nord, zhuhai, weihai, xiamen). Un YangBa prévale est gratuit.

La mer du nord du pays qui YinTan villégiature du tourisme et propositions XingDaoHu deux continents, le tourisme dans une optique de vacances, et le parc forestier national flots ridge national de protection des mangroves, porte les réserves naturelles, les zones naturelles protégées, BaiLong sirène pays ZhenZhuCheng, zones protégées, GePu HanDai la sépulture, trincomalee, li belvédère versants des consulats européens ciea, un grand nombre de sites, Haïti, lac, comme l’agriculture, la sylviculture, les montagnes, les monuments, culturel». L’état du YinTan shelco cinq plus sur la liste. Guangxi «paysage du nord, la mer guilin est fière YinTan».

大家好!我叫萌萌，是大家的导游，大家可以叫我萌导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。 我们到了，大家请下车。您看，这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙，都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，金碧辉煌的彩画，。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

接下来我们去故宫博物院吧。跟大家说，故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等。故宫博物院里有一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。

接下来请各位慢慢欣赏故宫。注意有带小孩的家长看好孩子，请大家互相照顾。要保护珍惜文物。祝大家玩得开心，再见!

英文版北京旅游导游词

北京是我们首都，有很多外国友人会来到北京游玩.以下是小编精心准备的英文北京导游词，欢迎大家参考以下内容哦!

北京旅游导游词英文版

Beijing is the birthplace of Chinese Civilization and one of the six ancient capital cities in China. During the last 3000 years it served as a capital for several dynasties. It is the second largest city in China with a population of more than 11 million. Beijing is neither cold in winter nor very hot in summer. The best seasons in Beijing are Spring and Autumn. Beijing is indeed an ideal place to visit all round the year.

Temple of Heaven in the southern part of Beijing is China`s largest existing complex of ancient sacrificial buildings. Occupying an area of 273 hectares, it is three times the area of the Forbidden City. It was built in 1420 for emperors to worship Heaven. The principle buildings include the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests, Imperial Vault of Heaven and Circular Mound Altar.

Forbidden City, so called because it was off limits to commoners for 500 years, is the largest and best-preserved cluster of ancient buildings in China. It was home to two dynasties of emperors -the Ming and the Qing - who didnt stray from this pleasure dome unless they absolutely had to.

Great Wall of China, Also know n to the Chinese as the 10,000 Li Wall, the Great Wall of China stretches from Shanhaiguan Pass on the east coast to Jiayuguan Pass in the Gobi Desert. Standard histories emphasize the unity of the wall.

十渡位于北京西南，属北京市房山区，与河北省涞水县野三坡相邻，距北京市区(六里桥)约90公里。

十渡是有山有水的自然风景区，独特的喀斯特地貌北方罕见，因为被评为世界地质公园，国家AAAA级风景区。

流经十渡的河名叫拒马河，十渡的山属太行山余脉。

十渡共有18个渡，每个渡都有不同的风景，当然10渡也非最美。十渡的游玩主要集中在六渡(孤山寨)，九渡(拒马乐园)，十五渡(东湖港)，十七渡(有山家园，野战大东沟.真人CS)，十八渡(拒马河第一漂)。相比较来说，17渡比较方便，离东湖港和漂流都很近。

十渡没有大门票，只有去各景点(如东湖港)或玩游乐项目才收门票。

十渡交通便利，可以坐公交917路或836路，乘火车，自驾，包车前往。

十渡风景名胜区位于北京西南部，距市区70余公里，辖区面积301平方公里，是华北地区唯一以岩溶峰林、峰丛、河谷地貌为特色的自然风景区。十渡景区山奇水秀，谷壁峭立，峰林叠翠、石美潭深、景致幽胜，众誉“青山野渡、百里画廊”。十渡山水，四季如画。初春杨柳吐翠，绿染河川;盛夏峰峦叠嶂，碧水如云;深秋柿坠枝头，红叶似锦;寒冬冰河如镜，峰岭披银。宛若一幅泼墨山水，尽显一派北国风光。十渡负氧离子含量极高，每CM3达7000-10000个，素有“自然空调、天然氧仓”之称。

景区内有蹦极、攀岩等36个旅游项目，18处水面娱乐中心，10大集吃住游于一体的自然景区。先后被国家计委列为小城镇经济综合开发示范区、市级风景名胜区、市级优秀景区、文明景区、北京市唯一的旅游专业镇、北京市农业结构调整示范镇、国家体育训练总局攀岩、蹦极训练比赛基地、全国青少年地质科考夏令营基地，并顺利通过国家旅游局AAA级景区评定，被国土资源部批准为国家地质公园,被市园林局评为市级先进风景名胜区，连续4年被评为市级文明景区，荣获“全市旅游安全先进单位”等称号。

十渡，从千河口到十渡村，沿途在拒马河上要过桥渡水十次，"十渡"因此得名。1986年被评为北京十六景中的第八景，1999年被评为北京市首批风景名胜区。景区内有孤山寨、仙峰谷、万景仙沟、南方大峡谷、普渡山庄、平西抗日烈士陵园、仙栖洞、天池山、西湖港、五星峡谷10个景点;有拒马乐园、九渡漂流、八渡划船场、六渡划船场、清江九龙潭等娱乐点，可提供蹦极跳、悬崖跳伞、索道、攀岩、滑翔飞翼、漂流、脚踏船、皮划艇、冲浪车、摩托艇、沙滩浴场、游泳、骑马等多项娱乐项目;能提供行、游、住、食、购、娱一条龙服务。

十渡风景区是距首都最近、北方独特、华北地区最大、最典型的岩溶峰林峡谷，有天然石佛、飞来石、一线天、龙山“佛”字、水往高处流、石中石等12大地质奇观，享有“青山野渡，百里画廊”之美誉。拒马河蜿蜒迂回，穿山而过，宛如一条玉带，与峰林映衬，相得益彰。山水景物既有中国北方之雄奇，又有江南水乡之柔媚。1986年被评为北京新十六景之一，1999年被评为北京市首批风景名胜区。十渡风景区，在房山区从张坊至平峪的山间拒马河谷之中，离京城90公里。拒马河为大清河的支流，从太行山奔泻而来，至此拐了十几道弯，形成了10个各具特色的景观渡口而故名。此段河床时宽时窄，两岸峭壁奇峰连绵，翠峰倒映，水动山摇，山水奇丽，极富诗情画意，自古有40里画廊之称，被誉为北国的桂林漓江风光。十渡有主要景点20余处，一渡在东头的张坊，这里山青水秀，景色清丽。顺流而下即是二至六渡，沿岸山岩如削，各具秀色，主景有石笋峰、笔架山、千尺窗等。从七至十渡一带，群峰如林，江河似锦，山水风光最为雄奇壮美。著名景观有石人峰、龙山大“佛”字、望佛台、石门、棒糙岩及跳水台等，令人美不胜数，留连观瞻。这里有一大水湾，河水湍急，水声悦耳，潭深莫测，鱼群活跃，有时甲鱼爬上岸晒太阳，更富浓烈野趣。

十渡山山石奇峰险，渡渡水清景美，峰、石、峡、水、洞、溪、潭景景相映，正是三步一景五步一画绘出百里画廊，百米一桥千米一渡构成十渡风光。十渡山水，四季如画，处处是景。初春百花争艳，香溢山川;盛夏群峰叠翠，碧波荡漾;深秋红叶似锦，柿坠枝头;寒冬山岭披银，冰河如镜。恰似一幅绝妙的山水画卷。十渡风景区重要组成部分就是拒马河，它蜿蜒迂回、穿山而过，宛如一条玉带，与山峰映衬，相得益彰，是北方少见的喀斯特地貌景观，景区内山青水秀、环境幽美。人们感叹：“早知有十渡，何必下江南”。十渡峡谷曲流回转，湾阔水深，渡渡可乘舟划船，青山野渡风韵如画，渡渡有名，渡渡立标。

十渡山水秀丽，早在1500多年前北魏郦道元在其中就有详细描述。清朝乾隆皇帝数次来此寻游，每游必即兴写诗，房山县志中就有乾隆皇帝的诗赋八首。此引其中之一首为例：“潦水尽寒潭，横桥渡六骖。渚烟宜画染，旅景与诗谙。岸苇白无力，崖枫丹欲甜。遥源何处是，重垒缋云岚。”明代荣国公姚广孝、傅若金等历史名人都曾以拒马河为名写过十渡赞美诗赋。自1978年十渡开发旅游以来，中央和北京市重要领导人多次来十渡考察观光。

美丽的山水风光也成为电影外景拍摄的理想之地，先后有《五个少林拳》、《战争插曲》、《盖世英雄》、《大路朝天》、《西楚霸王》、《戏说乾隆》、《武则天》、《三国演义》、《张铁匠浪漫史》、《流泪的红蜡烛》、《大地之子》、《白求恩大夫》、《天与地》、《东周列国》、《西游记》、《碧雪青天杨家将》、《孔雀公主》、《小放牛》、《侠义英雄》、《仙鹤神珍》、《山乡》、《诱僧》、《天龙八部》、《萧十一郎》等近百部电影、电视和广告在此拍摄外景。

十渡风景区内的文物古迹众多，如古城址、古炮台、古建筑、古地道、古战场、摩崖石刻等及近代革命活动遗址及有纪念意义的纪念馆，六壮士纪念碑、赵然墓等区级文物保护单位，平西抗日烈士陵园被列为全国爱国主义教育基地。这些历史遗迹对于增强人们对祖国大好河山的热爱和保护有着重要意义，同时也具有珍贵的文学艺术、历史教育价值。十渡还有丰富的民俗文化，有关老人脸、一线天、蝙蝠山、石人峰等景观来历都有许多脍炙人口的民间传说，同时还有丰富的风土人情及独具特色的饮食文化，也有颇具地方和民族特色的山寨和民居等。平西抗日战争纪念馆

平西抗日战争纪念馆座落在北京市房山区十渡。这里青山野渡、百里画廊、山明水净、风景秀丽，是闻名中外的国家级风景游览区。

1985年，曾长期在平西战斗过的萧克、杨成武、肖文玖等老将军和李德仲、陆平等老同志倡议，在十渡建立平西抗日烈士陵园，以永远缅怀抗日战争期间在平西牺牲的先烈。1985年10月2日在十渡拒马河畔卧龙山之上，建立了“平西抗日烈士纪念碑”。在党和政府的亲切关怀下和社会各界人士的真情关爱下，经过20___年的辛勤建设，平西抗日烈士陵园已经发展成为拥有平西抗日烈士纪念碑、无名烈士纪念地、烈士碑林、平西抗日战争纪念馆等占地近50000平方米的著名烈士纪念性建筑。

在纪念抗日战争胜利60周年之际，投资近20___0万元、总建筑面积4350平方米的平西抗日战争纪念馆新馆落成。纪念馆里陈列着实物、照片、文字等珍贵的史料，集中反映了抗战时期平西军民在党的领导下不屈不挠、英勇斗争的伟大精神和众志成城、前赴后继的革命气概，向世人展示着一幅幅血与火的历史画卷。

“青山有幸埋忠骨”。距离平西抗日烈士陵园约20华里的“无名烈士墓”，高山耸立，青柏苍翠，埋葬着抗日战争时期牺牲在这里的无法查据姓名的先烈忠骨。

平西抗日烈士陵园建园以来，利用难得的史料遗迹，宣传平西军民的英雄气概和伟大精神，使前来瞻仰参观的社会各界群众受到了难得的爱国主义和革命传统教育。20___年来，已先后接待来自全国各地的瞻仰参观者愈百万人;近百所大、中、小学在这里建立了“德育教育基地”。平西抗日烈士陵园先后被国务院、民政部、北京市人民政府授予“全国爱国主义教育基地”、“全国烈士纪念建筑物管理工作先进单位”、“国防教育基地”和“青少年教育基地”等荣誉称号。

平西抗日烈士陵园

平西抗日烈士陵园位于北京西南约百公里的房山区十渡地区。在抗日战争时期，曾是北平西部地区著名的抗日根据地——平西抗日根据地，是晋察冀抗日根据地的重要组成部分。它是连接敌占区与晋察冀边区的一条重要通道，许多青年学生、爱国志士和国际友人从这里奔向根据地和延安，奔向各个抗日战场。有多少短缺的军需民用物资，秘密地从敌占区经这里运往边区，有多少我党的干部从这里深入敌占区开辟了地下工作的阵地，它是晋察冀边区的北部屏障，抵御着敌人的疯狂“扫荡”，也是我军挺进冀东，开辟平北的前进阵地，游击战争提供了坚持和发展的有利条件。为平北地区的开辟先后派出干部、武工队和挺进军主力;邻近的冀中十分区也曾以这里的崇山峻岭为它的后方基地。在八年的艰苦抗战的岁月里，平西与兄弟地区血肉相连，互相帮助，互相支援，顽强不屈地巍然屹立在华北大地。平西抗日根据地军民不但在抗日战争中为保卫华北、保卫晋察冀、保卫延安的党中央做出了贡献，为保卫平西这块土地、保卫平西人民也付出了重大牺牲，更为解放全华北、收复东北、解放全中国做出了重大贡献。为了缅怀抗日战争在平西牺牲的无数革命先烈，在平西抗日根据地生活战斗多年的萧克、杨成武、李德仲等一大批老将军、老领导倡议下，于1985年在房山县十渡卧龙山上修建了平西抗日烈士纪念碑，作为平西抗日根据地的纪念地，传播和弘扬民族精神，接受爱国主义和革命传统教育，激励后人奋进。

峰林峡谷景观沿拒马河两岸的峡谷地带，出露的基岩几乎都是中元古界雾迷山组遂口条带及遂石团块状白云岩，属可溶性盐岩层，是形成岩溶地貌的基础。本区上奥陶纪(距今4.5亿年)以前，大约十几亿年的历史为古海洋所占据，形成一套巨厚的海相沉积。奥陶纪之后本区隆起为陆，经过晚古生代和中生代的长期隆起、抬升、侵蚀，又经过新生代的强烈构造运动、差异性升降运动的影响，以及河流强烈侵蚀下切和各种流水溶蚀作用，形成崖壁陡峭、峰丛林立、奇峰异石遍布、洞穴景观奇特的地貌形态，有较深的地质文化魅力。

1、地表岩溶地貌地表岩溶地貌主要发育在拒马河河谷两侧，由产状平缓的中元古界雾迷山组碳酸盐岩地层形成的峰丛、峰林、孤峰、平顶山、谷地组合型岩溶地貌，是北方地区少见的规模较大的岩溶景观。最典型的有笔架山、蝙蝠山、龙山、虎山、麒麟山、童子山等山峰及其它自然优美的山体，都是保护的重点。

2、地下岩溶洞穴

地下岩溶洞穴是本景区重要的地质遗迹之一。它集中分布在景区的北部东关上、王老铺、栗元厂、六合村和西太平，呈北西—南东方向展布，为一长约16公里、宽约4公里的岩溶洞穴带。绝大多数洞穴赋存于中元古界蓟县系铁岭组地层内，只有西太平洞穴赋存在上元古界青白口系景儿峪组灰岩中。这些成群出现的岩溶洞穴形态独特，成因不同，景观有别。区内洞穴大致有三种成因类型：第一种是东关上落水洞，其深246米，洞底面积近10000M2，形成大厅式洞穴，故称“龙仙宫”;第二种是由地下河冲刷侵蚀作用形成的具有双层结构的长700米的三清地下大峡谷;第三种溶蚀洞穴，由各种化学沉积作用形成的堪称地下艺术殿堂的仙栖洞。

3、拒马河谷地及河流阶地

拒马河不仅是景区唯一的地表水资源，而且在景区内形成许多重要的地质遗迹，如四渡和仙龙岛等地保存完好的河漫滩、阶地，西石门附近的离堆山及古河道等，它们是景区景点的重要组成部分。

4、海相沉积遗迹

在距今8—14亿年间，景区是一片大海。经过长达6亿年的沉积，形成了巨厚的富镁硅碳酸盐岩，在这些碳酸盐岩中，含有丰富的藻类生物化石—叠层石。叠层石在景区内分布广泛，类型多样，具有重要的科研、科普、教学和观赏价值。另外，在海洋沉积的过程中，由于气候环境等变化，形成并保留了许多很有价值的地质现象，如沉积波痕、交错层理、风暴岩、硅质条带、硅质团块(石中石)等。最典型的叠层石分布在普渡山庄、孤山寨、东湖港、六合山庄等地;典型的石中石在孤山寨、东湖港和六合山庄等都有很好的出露。

5、构造形迹

由于受区域营力作用和构造运动的影响，岩石中褶皱、裂隙非常发育。有张性裂隙、X节理、棋盘格构造、劈理构造、复式褶皱、挤压破碎带、牵引构造、层间小型揉皱等比比皆是。最典型的有孤山寨的“一线天”(张性裂隙)、七渡褶皱构造、六合山庄挤压破碎带等地质构造形迹和化石产地。

景点

区内有孤山寨、仙峰谷、万景仙沟、南方大峡谷、普渡山庄、平西抗日烈士陵园、仙栖洞、天池山、西湖港、五星峡谷10个景点;有拒马乐园、九渡漂流、八渡划船场、六渡划船场、清江九龙潭等娱乐点。

十渡国家地公园：十渡国家地质公园坐落在北京市房山区西南部、拒马河中上游，东西长25公里，南北宽12公里，面积301平方公里。地质公园以奔腾的拒马河为依托，以两岸典型的峰林、峰丛、岩溶洞穴等喀斯特景观为主体，集合了丰富的构造形迹、海相沉积遗迹和厚重的历史文化景观。这里有独特的地质背景和优美的自然环境，是一处集旅游观光、休闲度假、科普教育于一体的多功能国家地质公园。

十渡民俗风情苑：“十渡民俗风情苑”是十渡“国家地质公园”内的新建亮丽景点之一，它位于北京市房山区十渡镇内，距镇政府所在地不过百米，京原铁路、高等级公路贯通全境，交通十分便利。民俗风情苑的地理位置也十分优越，它坐北朝南，依山傍水，阳光充足，既有平地，又有高山，占地近四百亩，面河靠山。河两岸高山耸立，山上怪石磷峋。

葡萄园度假山庄：葡萄园山庄坐落在十渡风景名胜区的七渡，因具有五十余亩葡萄养殖基地而得名。山庄四周群山环绕，重叠的山峦，郁郁葱葱的草木尽收眼底，特殊的自然环境，形成了独特的小气候，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，吸引着人们纷至沓来。如诗如画的佳境曾引来无数新老客户的青睐。

太平猴山生态景区：北京十渡太平猴山生态景区坐落在被誉为“青山野渡，百里画廊”的十渡国家地质公园景区内的西太平村。这里群山环绕，地势险要，泉水涓涓，植被丰茂。太平猴山内远有十万年前古生物生活遗址及众多生动传说，近有肖克将军的抗日根据地和许多鲜为人知的故事，更有石猴赏月、猩猩观溪、凤凰开屏、玉女峰等天成之作。

东湖港：东湖港自然风景区，位于十渡国家地质公园(十五渡)，与野三坡毗邻，距北京市区106公里，是绿色旅游和度假的胜地，享有“北方小华山”的美誉。经铁索桥进入景区，翠绿的檀林，蜿蜒的千年古藤遍布整个峡谷，古老而神秘。奇特的“三叠瀑布”水流分三叠落差，直流急下，瀑水入潭击石飞溅。

西湖港：西湖港自然风景区!这里不仅有桂林的奇山秀水，更有清泉峭岩之景，飞瀑叠翠之貌。北宋年间的范仲淹曾赞誉到：“丹峰翠壁相辉映，纵有王维画不如。”“一桥飞架南北，天堑变通途”，一座铁索桥横跨拒马河，铁索桥入口处百米码头与天然石舫遥相呼应。两岸绿树葱郁，金沙泛光，山湖一色。

拒马乐园：拒马乐园是十渡自然风景区景色最好、娱乐项目最集中、游客最多、品位最高的景区，也是被誉为“十渡蹦极、神州第一”中国第一座蹦极所在地。它横跨八渡的麒麟山于拒马河之间，山水环抱，现已形成集山上、山下、水上、空中于一体的大型综合游乐园，主要有碧莹水上游乐场、石佛馆、索道、甭急、峡谷飞人、滑翔飞翼等景区景点。

碧莹水上游乐场：碧莹水上游乐场位于十渡风景名胜区九渡村境内，水域面积200亩，水面长度1300米，平均宽度100米，平均深度0.8米，经培训合格的救生员随时在水上巡逻，确保游客的安全。碧莹水上游乐场四面环山，水流缓慢，水质清湛，微风轻拂，碧波荡漾，丝丝涟漪，与两岸悬崖断壁、绿柳茵茵构成了一幅绝妙的山水画。

万景仙沟：万景仙沟自然风景区位于十渡风景区九渡村南，是十渡旅游风景区中三大美峡之一，沟内有两条支谷和数条须谷，一条支谷向南直通笛子庵与孤山寨毗邻一条支谷向西,直边笔架山,沟内山奇石怪,泉清潭碧,有杏劈石、镇龟石、神猴峰、镇狐石、无字碑、织锦台、笔架山等奇妙景观20余处。

孤山寨：孤山寨自然风景区是造福人类大自然孕育出一个人间胜景。它位于十渡风景名胜区得七渡村村南，因三座孤立的山峰而得名，峡谷长约10公里，峡谷蜿蜒，山石奇异，瀑布飞鸣，以“野、奇、幽、奥“而著称。漫游孤山寨，两侧山峰林立，怪石嶙峋，越是向里走，山势越险峻，峡谷越窄，植被越丰茂，景致越优美，峡谷最窄处仅有5米宽。

六渡碧波园：六渡碧波园度假村是十渡的一颗璀璨的明珠。它位于七渡孤山寨的对面，水域广阔，面积达300多亩。碧波泛舟，您可欣赏十渡独特的风光，群山环抱，高山峻岭倒映水中，神奇迷离。南侧是陡峭石壁、高耸入云;北侧是细沙连滩，轻托碧水，人游水面，鱼翔浅底，整个碧波园充满着诗情画意。

仙峰谷：仙峰谷是十渡地区五渡桥东南的一条景色优美的峡谷。该谷北邻拒马河，内含景观丰富，年接待游客数万人，谷内奇石林立、水碧潭深、山高峰陡、云雾缥缈，置身于其中，颇有进入仙境之感。仙峰谷以“仙”字著称。“仙泉把谷口;水往高处流;巨石远来客;驼峰自然秀。”为仙峰谷四奇景观。踏进仙峰谷，一泉六瀑十二潭，处处见水流。

“天堑”一线天：一线天是地质上的断层裂隙，这条巨缝长达65米，高35米-45米，宽1米-1.5米,最窄处仅0.6-0.7米，一人通过两壁擦肩，进入巨缝凉爽宜人，抬头仰望只见一线蓝天，是华北地区最大的一线天，堪称地质奇观。两侧山岩奇异，岩石表面有轻微溶蚀，略有凹凸不平，在细小缝隙中有类似石钟乳的沉淀形态，因为雨水的渗入和溶蚀，在两壁岩石面上出现斑驳的沉积和侵蚀痕迹，如壁画，似崖刻，有的形如飞禽走兽，有的如树木花草，也有的似云霞如波涛，千姿百态，美不胜收，更增加了这一奇观的神秘感。仙峰谷“飞来石”：该石长5米，高3米，宽3米，其所在的河床和两侧山坡、山峰的出露基岩皆为中元古界蓟县雾迷山组遂石条带白云岩，而该石同则与之不同，它是由很多棱角状石块胶结而成，且火遂石成分含量较高，称为同生角砾石。在地质上，把远地而来与所在地基岩性质不同的岩石称为飞来石。这块飞来石的形成在中生代以前距今2.5亿年之前，至此处安家落落至少也有200万年的历史了，它的形成和来历是一部复杂的地质历史纪录，是开展科普教育重要的实物标本。

“同圆藻”化石：这块巨石是中元古界蓟县系时代的古海洋中藻类繁生，在碳酸盐沉积过程中形成的化石。在这种叠层石化中，因藻类种属繁多，常见的平面形态常具有同心圆的构造，故又叫同圆藻化石，眼前这块化石是在大约距今11-13亿年前形成的，高7米，宽6米，厚约2米，形态完整，化石连片，结构清楚，层面构造在众多同圆藻化石中非常典型，是罕见的地质奇观。

千古河床“石中石”：在距今14-10亿年前，这里为浅海环境，当时气候潮湿炎热，际地上的大量碳酸钙、碳酸镁被水溶解带到海洋中沉淀，形成石灰岩或白云岩，同时陆地上的二氧化硅也以胶体的形式被一团一团的带到海洋中，并随海洋里正在沉积的石灰岩和白云岩一起沉积，就形成了现在这种在岩石中包裹着的一个一个圆形、椭圆形的似爪状的石块。这石块比包围它的基岩硬度大，颜色也略暗些，故称这一景观为石中石。这种海洋中两种不同物质同时沉积形成的岩石，具有很高的观赏和科普价值。

神秘的龙山"佛"字：十渡有座龙山，在它上边一块直上直下的崖壁上，有一个苍劲有力的“佛”字，高3米多，宽约2米，远看则清，近看则蒙;雨后则真，平日则虚。这个“佛”字完全是自然形成的，是水沿岩石的节理裂隙面溶蚀风化后形成的痕迹。龙山的岩石属白云岩，白云岩可被含有二氧化碳的水溶蚀，所以在有裂隙的地方，当有雨水渗入时就发生表面溶蚀。由于裂隙面的不平整、不均匀，有的地方溶蚀较重，在同一岩层面上也有颜色深浅的变化，往往形成各种花斑、不规则的图案，致于它能形成“佛”字形态，那完全是偶然、巧合，被称为世界自然奇观。

天然石佛：平峪村一位羊倌，在跌下数十丈深的山涧后，发现崖壁脚下有一个形象逼真的石佛，双手腹前交叉自然而立，五官俱全，眉须分明。经专家鉴定，这是一大自然奇石，它是由上水石挟杂钟乳石碎块堆积而成的像形石。石人身上长满了青苔，且在“嘴”下、眉上等凹陷部位生长少许青草，颇似胡须和长眉，身上的青苔像衣服，头部五官部位是没长青草的裸露部分，是不上水的钟乳石碎块被胶结，两臂和手也是钟乳石碎块。石人原位于峭壁下面，从石灰岩缝隙中渗出的含碳酸钙水溶液，因水压减低和温度降低，使溶液中碳酸钙发生沉淀，在上水石堆积过程中也掺进崩落下来的钟乳石碎块，因其形成在阴暗潮湿的地方，故上面长满青苔，它能形成直立人形，完全是各种因素共同作用下的自然巧合，是一个罕见的自然奇观。

七渡“太阳升”：在河岸的悬崖壁上，岩层呈清楚的半圆形隆起，一层一层的石灰岩以同心状叠置，在垂直于半圆方向上发生一系列裂隙，如发自圆心的辐射线，从七渡桥西面隔河远望，好像刚刚升起的太阳，放射着光芒，故称这一景观为“太阳升”。此景观是岩层褶曲现象，在地质学科上称为背斜构造，它是地壳上升隆起产生的地层褶曲，岩石向上凸起的部分形态称为背斜，向下凹曲的岩层形态称为向斜。背斜、向斜构造在野外是常见的现象，但是像这样完整圆滑，又有如此形象的放射性裂隙，实在是典型、罕见，堪称地质奇观

龟寿山：在眼前的状似大三角形的山峰上，由上至下，有无数高起的石块，形像乌龟，大小不等，在沿着斜边向下爬行，象是要爬下山峰，到河中饮水，故称此山为龟寿山。

王老铺的“三清洞”：从六渡向北，在王老铺村西约1公里处的坡脚下有一个溶洞，当地称为三清洞。洞穴已测部分600米长。洞内是单一的溶蚀景观，基本没有石钟乳等化学堆积。但是洞体规模宏大，侵蚀、溶蚀形态十分奇特，多为成排分布的窝穴状、钟罩状溶蚀圆坑。有的窝穴形态奇特、巨大、互相连通，像人工开凿的一排排石窟，像天花板上的灯罩，像满天繁星，真是鬼斧神工，令人惊叹称绝。洞穴景观与石花洞、银狐洞、云水洞等截然不同，它是一种奇特的溶洞景观类型，不仅具有很高的观赏价值，而且具有很高的科学价值。它的发现和开发将为首都人民提供一处新型的溶洞旅游景点，为岩溶科研、科普开辟一处理想园地。

蝙蝠山：在十渡，有三峰叠翠，错落有致，高低跌荡的壮丽景观，形似一只巨大的蝙蝠，伸展着阔大的翅膀，在茫茫云霄下翩翩起舞，永不知疲倦地迎接着四面八方的游人。传说以前，人们夜里逃避洪水来到小山丘，但是人们发现水位上升，小山丘也往上长，两侧各伸出一膊，人们离地面越来越高。洪水退去之后，人们惊讶发现是一只黑色的蝙蝠救了他们，那小山丘是蝙蝠的头，两肢是它的翅膀，故把这座形似蝙蝠的山称为蝙蝠山。

仙栖洞：在十渡屏幕山旅游区西南约两公里的山腰上有一股清泉，名叫黑牛水。泉水出口直径约50厘米，常年流淌不止，水量很大。当地人曾用六寸抽水泵抽水2个月，未曾抽干过。70年代当地村民挖了一个容量5000立方米的蓄水池，用它浇灌山下百余亩梯田、果树。在历史上少有的大旱之年，水量也不见减少。经过有关专家多次勘察，认为地下可能为一大型充水溶洞，为开发旅游，当地人于1998年投资开凿岩洞，这座被尘封了亿万年的艺术殿堂，于1999年终于展现在人们面前，命名为“仙栖洞”。本溶洞发育在奥陶纪厚层灰岩地层中，已探深度超过3000米，仍未尽头。洞内厅堂深遂广布，暗河纵漫无源，多色种乳群现，大量钟乳石造型奇绝、精妙、玲珑，令人叹为观止，不禁称绝，堪称地下艺术天堂，已命名的景观如仙栖神堂、白塔流苏、仙栖飞瀑、仙塔寻根、百纳神针、龟寿延年、五彩玉帘、仙栖来客、琼浆玉液酿瑶池等近百处。特别是该洞入口为水洞，划船400米水路，再登陆观景，这在华北地区是少见的，其水路长度(在北方)仅次于本溪水洞。这是北京地区继石花洞穴后又一大型溶洞，有些景观可与石花洞比美，其水景可与石花洞互补。信步于洞内尤如与尘世隔绝，恍若来至仙境。这真是大自然在20世纪末赐给人类的造化宝库。九脸画山：山峰的崖壁上，有一张张栩栩如生的人脸。这些脸随着太阳光线的变化而变化，有时看象少女，有时看象老人，有时看象顽童。这些生动的人脸，并不是人工巧匠雕凿而成，而是大自然天然形成，在大脸的周围还有许多小脸，最多者可看出九个脸，故称九脸画山。

十渡

一渡：在东头的张坊，这里山青水秀，景色清丽。二渡：过了二渡渡桥，能看见千河口的五指山，此山因形如如来佛的五指而得名，在这一带的山坡上，遍地都是山石盆景原料“上水石”,可随意采集。

三渡：过了三渡桥，映入眼帘的是南方大峡谷，峡谷中有古朴典雅的古代城楼、千奇百怪的山峰，构成了一派江南风光，因此称为江南大峡谷。、、等几十部影片都是在这里拍摄的，不过进峡谷需花门票钱。

三渡的另一个著名景点是穆柯寨。穆柯寨位于南方大峡谷西部拒马河南岸的一条峡谷中，这里曾是辽宋古战场。传说是女英雄穆桂英当年占山为王时的山寨遗址，也是穆家的后人世代繁衍生息的地方，沿山路，进入层层寨门，可想见当年雄姿。这里有聚义厅、练武场、点将台、射箭场、迷魂阵、天门镇图等建筑可供观赏。

四渡：四渡的清江九龙潭风景区以沙滩浴场和千尺窗一线天峡谷为依托，峰林秀丽，河水碧清。这里的沙滩浴场除了可以游泳外，还有游船可供游玩，山上建有速降项目可供游人娱乐。

五渡：五渡最著名的景点是仙峰谷，这是由拒马河水在山间冲刷出来的一条小裂缝。山下建有娱乐城，可供午餐和娱乐。水中有游船，岸边有马队，是一处比较清幽的地方。

六渡：六渡主要是沙滩浴场，这里河滩平缓，水清沙细，是十渡风景画廊上一处极好的休闲场所，特别适合儿童嬉戏，附近景区有石人嶂峡谷。

七渡：孤山寨为七渡村南的一条风景沟谷，沟中的一线天长300米，高百米，是北京地区迄今为止发现的“一线天”之最。沟谷中的河床为完整的岩石基底，大都不见碎石和裂隙，沿河床可见到书页状页岩、叠层石、同源包裹体等多种地址奇观，被地质学家选定为地址科普旅游的示范基地。七渡中还有风动石景区，并建有飞降娱乐项目。

八渡：八渡以奇峰、秀水著称，有滨河公园、石笋峰、望佛堂等景点。

九渡：九渡是十渡的旅游中心，这里不仅有整个十渡地区最大的水面，更有十渡地区最多的宾馆、最多的娱乐项目：北京市最早的蹦极跳台建在水面的小山上，水中各种游船(包括香蕉船、水上自行车、电动船等)应有尽有。

十渡：十渡是游人乘京原线火车进入风景区的出入口，附近景点有罗圈湖、洞中天、塔山仙池、石门、牛影洞、览胜峰狐狸脸等。

Now we are going to pay homage to Zhang Heng, an outstanding scientist andfamous writer in the Han Dynasty.

Zhang Heng was born and buried in Nanyang. Zhang Hengs tomb is located inShiqiao Town, 25 kilometers north of Nanyang city. It is 8 meters high and 79meters long. It is surrounded by brick passageways and octagonal walls. It issurrounded by green pines and cypresses. It is planted all over the garden,covered by green grass, and the cemetery is solemn and quiet. The front of theflower wall is the gate of January. There are two tombstones in front of thegate. One is erected in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and the other iserected in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. There is a stone inscriptionwritten by Guo Moruo in front of the tomb: "such a person with all-rounddevelopment is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship him forthousands of years."

Zhang Heng, the word Pingzi, Nanyang County West e (todays Shiqiao Town)people. He was born in the third year of emperor Zhangs reign (78) and died inthe fourth year of emperor Yonghe (139). Zhang Heng is intelligent, quick andeager to learn, erudite and versatile. He has set up a towering monument in thehistory of science and culture in the world, and is known as "the worldscultural celebrity and Chinas science leader."

Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Luoyangwas the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Scholarsgathered, schools were like a forest, academic atmosphere was strong, andculture and education were unprecedentedly prosperous. In order to broaden hishorizons, Zhang Heng visited Luoyang in March of Yangchun in the sixth year ofemperor Yongyuan (1994). This time he lived in Luoyang for six years. Duringthis period, he spent his main energy on traveling to Taixue, visiting famousteachers, seeking friends, learning modestly and studying assiduously.

He was proficient in Five Classics (Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu) and Six Arts(Li, Yue, she, Yu, Shu, Shu). With the help of his good friend Cui yuan, hebegan to study astronomy, mathematics and calendar in natural science. He wrotea lot of beautiful Fu, which initially showed his extraordinary talent andattracted the attention of the society. He has a high attainments in literatureand science, which laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for him tobecome a great scientist.

In the late autumn of A.D. 100, Bao de was transferred to NanyangPrefecture. Recommended by Cui yuan, 23-year-old Zhang Heng left Luoyang, thecapital, and went with Bao De to Nanyang Prefecture as the governor.

In the fifth year of Emperor Han ans Yongchu period (111), Bao de andothers played on the Ming emperor in Beijing, which made emperor an know thatZhang Heng was knowledgeable, so he took the bus to Nanyang to enlist Zhang Hengto become a doctor of Shangshutai in Luoyang. Three years later, he was promotedto be shangshilang, and the next year he was changed to Taishiling.

Taishiling was in charge of astronomy, calendar, meteorology andsacrificial ceremonies. This created a very favorable condition for Zhang Hengsin-depth study and practice of astronomical calendar. In 133, Zhang Heng waspromoted to serve as a senior advisor to the emperor. In the first year ofYonghe (136), Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng was expelled from Luoyang,the capital, and became the Prime Minister of Hejian. Zhang Heng came to Luoyangfor the second time and lived for 26 years. In these 26 years, although hisofficial position changed several times, he served as the supreme historian forthe longest time. He did a lot of scientific research when he was appointed asthe imperial historian. Lingtai is the largest Astronomical Observatory in Chinaduring the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was used for 250 years. Zhang Heng notonly wrote some important scientific works such as Lingxian, earthquakecountermeasures, and notes on the armillary sphere, but also designed andcreated some ingenious instruments such as the armillary sphere and the Houfengseismograph, making outstanding contributions to mankind.

In Lingxian, Zhang Heng explained in detail the natural phenomena of thechange of lunar phenomena and the occurrence of lunar eclipse. After scientificanalysis, many scientific opinions are put forward. He recorded the stars in thesky when he was observing in Lingtai. There are 2500 brighter stars, 124 regularstars and 320 named stars. This is roughly the same as the statistics of modernastronomy that 2500-3000 stars can be seen with the naked eye at the same timeand place. The number of stars observed in Luoyang at that time is basically thesame as that observed in modern times. Therefore, he also drew the Lingxian map,which is the earliest star map in China.

Jiuhua Mountain is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China andone of the first batch of national key scenic spots. It is one of the threemajor mountain systems (Huangshan, Jiuhua, Tianmu and Baiji) in southern Anhui.Located in the southeast of Chizhou City, Anhui Province, it faces TianzhuMountain across the Yangtze River in the northwest and Taiping Lake andHuangshan Mountain in the southeast. It is the main entrance and scenic area inthe north of the golden tourist area of "two mountains and one lake" (Huangshan,Jiuhua Mountain and Taiping Lake) in Anhui Province. The scenic area covers anarea of 120 square kilometers and the protection area is 174 square kilometers.The geographical coordinates of Jiuhua Street are 117 ° 8 ′ E and 30 ° 5 ′ n.Now it is a national AAAA tourist area and a demonstration site of nationalcivilized scenic tourist area, known as an International Buddhist Taoisttemple

1. Picturesque scenery and famous mountains

Jiuhua Mountain is famous for its wonderful natural scenery. In theSouthern Dynasties, the mountains were so beautiful that they were higher thanthe clouds, and the peaks were so strange that there were nine of them, so theywere called Jiuzi mountain. When Li Bai visited the mountains in the TangDynasty, he saw the nine peaks like lotus flowers, and wrote the verses of "thewonderful is divided into two parts, the Lingshan opens the nine flowers" and"the green water in the Tianhe River shows the nine lotus flowers", and changedthe name of Jiuzi to Jiuhua. The main body of Jiuhua Mountain is composed ofgranite. Due to the influence of structure, lithology and external force, it hasformed a magnificent and beautiful landscape with peaks as the main body, basinsand valleys, streams and springs interwoven. There are more than 70 famous peaksin Jiuhua Mountain, more than 30 peaks over 1000 meters, and the highest Shiwangpeak is 1342 meters above sea level. Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty praised whenhe viewed the mountain: "the sight of a strange peak is breathtaking" and "he isa creature of nature". Five streams in Shanxi flow into liuquankou and into theYangtze River through Wuxi River and Jiuhua River; three streams in Shannan andtwo streams in Shandong flow into Taiping Lake through Sanxi River and LingyangRiver respectively. The mountains are full of ravines, ravines, pools, flowingsprings and waterfalls. "A Wang Wei painting by the river, a poem written by LiBai for thousands of years.". Jiuhua Mountain is a fresh and natural landscapepainting. Jiuhua Mountain is full of sceneries, which change step by step. InQing Dynasty, there are "ten sceneries of Jiuhua". After opening to the outsideworld, eight new scenic spots and more than 100 new scenic spots have beenopened up. The new and old scenic spots complement each other, and the naturalbeauty and cultural landscape blend with each other. In addition, the fourdistinct seasons, sunrise, sunset, sea of clouds, fog, snow, graupel, Buddhalight and other celestial wonders make people forget to return.

2. Dizang Daochang, a famous Buddhist mountain

Jiuhua Mountain is one of the four famous mountains of Buddhism in China.The famous Tibetan Bodhisattva Daochang, whose founder is xinluoseng dizang. Inthe 7th century, under the background of frequent exchanges between the TangDynasty and the Korean Peninsula, King qiaojue, the prince of Silla, came tovisit famous mountains, Zhuo Xi Jiuhua, and practiced hard for decades. Afterhis death, he was regarded as the "spiritual manifestation" of the Bodhisattvain dizang. Because of his common surname Jin, he was called jindizang. Sincethen, Jiuhua Mountain has been established as a way of Bodhisattva in Tibet. Inthe Tang Dynasty, there were more than 20 temples in Jiuhua Mountain, whichdeveloped to more than 40 in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the maintemple, Huacheng temple, became the total jungle with dozens of squatters. Therewere more than 100 temples in the whole mountain, and the incense wasflourishing, which was "the top of southeast mountains". So Jiuhua Mountain,together with Wutai, Emei and Putuo, is known as the four famous mountains ofChinese Buddhism. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 150 temples inJiuhuashan. From the total jungle Huacheng temple, there were four big jungles:Zhiyuan temple, Dongya temple, baishuigong temple and Ganlu temple. Among thefour big Foshan temples, it was famous for "the best incense in the world".After the opening to the outside world in the late 1970s, Foshan, an ancientcity, was bathed in the sunrise of the flourishing age, with its vitalityreappeared and its old appearance revived. At present, there are more than 90monasteries, including 9 National Key monasteries and 30 provincial keymonasteries, more than 600 monks, more than 10000 Buddha statues and more than20__ Buddhist cultural relics. Temples are generally maintained, Buddhistactivities are carried out normally, and foreign exchanges are frequent. MountJiuhua Buddhism keeps friendly exchanges with Buddhist groups in Japan, SouthKorea, Singapore, Malaysia, the United States, Thailand, Hong Kong and Baodao,and more than 100 monks have visited abroad. In todays Buddhist monasteries inChina, Jiuhua Mountain is widely praised for its profound Buddhist culture,International Buddhist taste, and integration of monks and customs. It hasbecome a distinctive and influential Buddhist holy land.

3. It has a long history and famous culture

The combination of religious culture and landscape culture and a largenumber of historical and cultural activities make Jiuhua Mountain a famouscultural mountain with a long history and rich accumulation. More than 20__years ago, Taoists stopped at Jiuhua Mountain, and Jiuhua is called "thirty-nineblessed places" in the book of "a study of blessed places". Up to now, there aremore than 20 sites of Taoist activities and Taoist temples. In 401, the fifthyear of Longan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tianzhu monk Beidu founded Maoan inJiuhua, and Buddhism began to spread to Jiuhua Mountain. In the Tang Dynasty,the new Buddhist monk established the dizang Daochang, which was "a magnificentplace with great splendor"; in the Ming Dynasty, it became one of the fourfamous mountains of Buddhism in China, which lasted for a long time. Taoism andBuddhism make Jiuhua Mountain famous and attract numerous celebrities and poets.After Li Bai, many scholars came one after another. They lived in seclusion inJiuhua and wrote books. They created books: gathering people to give lectures.They went out to study and visit Taoism. They expressed their love for mountainsand rivers and wrote poems and paintings. There are more than 20 Book sites inJiuhua Mountain, such as Taibai book Hall, Yangming book and Ganquan book.Jiuhua Mountain is also the hometown of folk songs. There are more than 300childrens songs, labor songs and ritual songs, many of which have Buddhistcolor and vividly express the thoughts, feelings and life interests of theworking people. The imperial court of the past dynasties also attached greatimportance to Jiuhua. The emperor of the Ming Dynasty issued imperial edicts andsilver grants. The Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty wrote"Jiuhua Holy Land" and "fantuo PuJiao". More than 50 temples in Jiuhua Mountainwere granted by the imperial court. A large number of historical and culturalactivities have left a wealth of historical relics. There are more than 20__historical relics in Jiuhua Mountain, including nearly 100 precious relics.After opening to the outside world, we attached great importance to thedevelopment of cultural resources, made great efforts to excavate and sort outBuddhist culture, established "jindizang Research Association" and BuddhistCulture Research Association, founded Buddhist Academy, and set up culturalrelics museum. Cultural resources were initially developed and had a wideinfluence at home and abroad. The culture of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism,ghost culture, architecture culture, stone carving culture, folk culture, foodculture, tea culture and body culture are amazing. Jiuhua Mountain is a famouscultural mountain with profound cultural heritage.

我叫任_，是你们这次天坛之旅的导游。此刻我们的车正行驶在去天坛的路上，在那里我先简单地介绍一下天坛。

天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰登的地方。它的严谨的建筑布局，奇特的建筑结构，瑰丽的建筑装饰，被认为是我国现存的一组最精致、最美丽的古建筑群。天坛不仅仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

好了，我们已经到了天坛公园，请大家跟我出发吧!此刻我们看到的是祈年殿。殿高33米，直径24。2米，是昔日北京的最高建筑之一。1751年重建祈年殿，更换蓝瓦金顶。1887年八月二十四日，雷雨交加，祈年殿不幸被击中，焚烧。因楹柱为檀香木，香飘数里!

下面我们来到天坛南半部的圆丘坛，它始建于1530年，坐北朝南，四周绕以红色宫墙。子墙内部各有一大门，每座门上题有满汉合壁门额。内中央处，就是祭天台(也叫拜天台)，即圆丘台。

咦，不知大家是否注意到，自从我们进入天坛，到处树木葱郁，尤其在南北轴线和建筑群附近，更是古柏参天，树冠相接，把祭坛烘托得十分肃穆。

好了，我的介绍到那里就结束了，下面大家能够自由参观。

Hello and welcome to Dali, the hometown of "five golden flowers".

Now our cruise ship is running on the West Erhe River, the dischargechannel of Erhai Lake. The sailing direction of the cruise ship is from west toEast. If you go further, you can see the vast Erhai Lake.

Erhai Lake, located in the northwest of Dali City, is a famous plateau lakein Yunnan Province. It is the seventh largest freshwater lake in China. It wasformed at the end of the ice age, and its main cause is subsidence and erosion,which belongs to structural fault lake. Erhai Lake, starting from Eryuan in thenorth, is about 42.58 km long and 9 km wide from east to west. The lake coversan area of 256.5 square kilometers. Although it is not as big as Dianchi Lake,its water storage capacity is much larger than Dianchi Lake. This is because theaverage depth of Erhai Lake is 10 meters, and the deepest can reach 20 meters.It was called "yeyushui" and "kunmichuan" in ancient times. But Xiaoxu prefersits current name Erhai. Because the name is more appropriate and lovely. Lookingdown from the sky, she is like a new moon, lying quietly between Cangshan andDali dam, like a lovely big ear. This is the Erhai moon in Dali.

Now our cruise ship has been driving in the rippling Erhai Lake.

You see, the lake water is clear, just like a flawless jade. It is verybeautiful. It is welcoming you from afar with a broad mind. If you come here onthe night of the 15th lunar month, the moon will be very round, very round. I amalso drunk with the scenery: the moon is round in the water, and the floatinglight shakes gold; the sky, with a jade mirror hanging high, seems to have justbathed in the lake. The water and the sky are shining. Its hard to tell whetherthe sky and the moon fall into the sea or the sea and the moon rise into thesky. Why is Erhai Lake moon so bright? The scientific conclusion is: first, thewater quality of Erhai Lake is very pure, with high transparency and strongreflection; second, there is less dust on the surface of Erhai Lake, and the airis fresh, which makes the water and the sky match each other and the moonlightbrighter. In addition, the famous Erhai moon lies in the fact that the whiteCangshan snow is reflected in the Erhai Lake, which forms the grand spectacle of"silver cangyu Erhai".

In front of us, the exquisite Island you can see is xiaoputuo, the smallestand most famous island in Erhai Lake, which is indispensable in the album ofDali. Xiaoputuo is only about 200 meters in circumference, and it is composed oflimestone, with a total area of about 70 square meters. Why is it called littlePutuo? Putuo is the abbreviation of Putuo Luojia mountain in Sanskrit, whichmeans little Baihua Mountain or little Huashu mountain. It is said that it isthe place where Guanyin practices in India. Therefore, all the holy places ofGuanyin are called Putuo Mountain. For example, Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang, oneof the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. Because the appearance of littlePutuo is more like the Taoist temple of Guanyin, but because its scale andterrain are relatively small, it is named "little Putuo". As you can see, littlePutuo looks like a natural bonsai in Erhai Lake from such a distance. In theeyes of the Bai people, little Putuo is the most spiritual island. The Baipeople in the nearby villages have to go to little Putuo for sacrifice every newyear or any happy event to celebrate or for peace. On the wedding day of thebridegroom and bride, the bridegroom will take the bride around the Island threetimes in a boat, hoping that little Putuo can bring them: Happiness andauspiciousness.

Today, all of you come to Dali from afar to feel the history, culture,customs and peoples feelings here. We also hope that little Putuo can bring youhappiness and peace. Now, lets get ready to land on the island. Lets enjoy thebeauty of this island.

云南苍山洱海英语导游词3

Cangshan Mountain, also known as Diancangshan mountain, is named because ofits green color and white top. Cangshan Mountain stretches for more than 50kilometers and is composed of 19 peaks. It is towering and straight into thesky. The altitude is generally about 4000 meters, and the peak is covered withsnow all the year round. From south to north, the 19 peaks are Xieyang, maer,fo, Shengying, Malong, Yuju, Longquan, Sanyang, Zhonghe, shengguanjian, yingle,Xueren, LAN, Sanyang, Heyun, Baiyun, Lianhua, Wutai, Canglang and Yunlong. Amongthe 19 peaks, Malong peak is the highest, with an altitude of 4122 meters.

Cangshan 19 peaks, two peaks with a stream, a total of 18 streams, streamEast, into the Erhai Lake. From south to north, the eighteen streams areYangnan, Tingming, mocan, Qingbi, Longxi, Luyu, Zhongxi, Taoxi, Meixi, Yinxian,Shuangyuan, Baishi, Lingquan, Jinxi, mangyong, Yangxi, Wanhua and Xiayi.

Cangshan has a beautiful natural landscape and many scenic spots. Such asthe famous butterfly spring, Fengyan cave and longan cave, Jiangjun cave,Gantong temple and Zhonghe temple. At the top of the mountain, there arebeautiful natural landscapes such as huadianbazi, ximatan, Huanglongtan andancient glacial relics. The ancients summarized the various natural landscapesof Cangshan as the eight sceneries of Cangshan, that is, Xiaose painted screen,Cangshan spring snow, Yunheng jade belt, Fengyan Shenghui, Bishui Dietan, Yujufloating cloud, Xipu pill stone, Jinxia sunset.

Cangshan is famous for its snow, cloud, spring and stone. Cangshan snow isthe most famous scenery in Dali. Snow capped Cangshan, wrapped in silver,shining in the sun, white crystal. As for Cangshan snow, there are many praisesfrom scholars and scholars in the past dynasties, as well as many folklores. LiYuanyang, a litterateur of Ming Dynasty, once praised: "RI Li, Cangshan snow,Yaotai 19 peaks".

According to legend, in ancient Dali, a group of plague gods spreadpestilence everywhere in one year, and pestilence prevailed in river and seaareas. Many people have been killed by the plague, and people are suffering. Atthe foot of Cangshan Mountain, the two brothers and sisters came back fromstudying law, determined to eliminate harm for the people. Brother with wind,sister with snow, the God of plague rushed to the top of Cangshan. In order tomake the people no longer affected by the plague, the elder brother turned intothe God of wind and the younger sister into the God of snow, freezing the God ofplague to death on the top of the mountain with strong wind and heavy snow.Since then, the snow on Cangshan has remained unchanged all year round, becomingthe first of the four sceneries -- Cangshan snow. Each of the 19 peaks ofCangshan Mountain is 3500 meters above sea level. The highest peak, Malong peak,is 4122 meters. Due to its high altitude, the peak is extremely cold and snowyall the year round. It is crystal clear and white in the sun, which isspectacular.

Cangshans clouds are even more famous. Clouds gather and disperse,sometimes as light as smoke, sometimes as thick as ink. Among the changeableclouds, the most magical are "Wangfu cloud" and "Yudai cloud". The so-called"Wangfu cloud" means that every winter and spring, a lonely white cloud oftenappears on the top of Cangshan Yuju peak, up and down, fluttering up and down,looking forward and looking forward. The strange thing is that as soon as itappears, there will be a storm in Diancangshan, blowing towards Erhai Lake. Theso-called "jade belt cloud" refers to the fact that when summer is late andautumn is early and rain is early and sunny, white clouds often appear betweenthe 19 peaks of Cangshan Mountain. The clouds gather and slowly pull apart, justlike a white jade belt across the green hillside, stretching for tens of miles.Whats wonderful is that "jade belt cloud" can foretell a good harvest inagriculture - it appears many times, and it was in good weather that year. Thelocal Bai people have a farming proverb: "Cangshan is a jade belt, hungry dogseat white rice.".

Jade belt cloud

Most of them appear in the late summer and early autumn when it is sunnyafter rain. There is a milky white ribbon cloud around the waist of CangshanMountain, winding the hillside and dividing the hundred mile Cangshan Mountaininto two parts, so it is called "cloud cross jade belt".

In the morning after the rain in autumn, the wisps of clouds appear on thewaist of Cangshan Mountain, and then gradually gather together to form aflawless white line, like a jade belt across the 19th peak of Cangshan Mountain,cutting off the towering mountains; then slowly they turn into thousands of snowlilies, blooming on the top of Cangshan Mountain, and in a twinkling of an eye,they disappear like willow catkins dancing in the spring breeze.

It is said that this is the coming of Guanyin, which indicates that thecoming year will be a good year. Zhang Yangdu, a man of Qing Dynasty, once said,"when autumn comes and rain comes, the sky will seal the mountain with jade."."To praise the wonderful jade belt cloud.

Wang Fuyun

In autumn and winter, a kind of flocculent white cloud often appears on thetop of the jade Bureau peak of Cangshan Mountain. It is like a princess full ofmelancholy, bowing down to visit her lover who has been beaten to the bottom ofthe sea. This is the "Wangfu cloud" in folklore. As long as the Wangfu cloudappears, the wind roars, the Erhai Lake is rough and the boat cant go, so it isalso called Wudu cloud.

It is said that wangfuyun is the incarnation of princess a of Nanzhao.Because she fell in love with young hunters and people on Cangshan Mountain, shewas opposed by her father and asked master lailuo to kill a long and turn herinto a stone mule. The princess died of anger and yearning at the jade Bureaupeak of Cangshan Mountain. Her essence turned into a white cloud. She was angryand windy. She vowed to blow open the sea to find her lover. Since then, everyautumn and winter, there is often a white and elegant cloud blowing from thejade Bureau peak of Cangshan Mountain to the vast sky. Under the background ofthe blue sky, it looks very clean and beautiful, like a pure girl standing onthe top of Cangshan Mountain overlooking Erhai Lake. As soon as it appears, thesea will be windy and the Erhai Lake will be rolling. The strong wind has thetendency of never giving up without blowing the sea and seeing the stone snailson the sea floor.

Cangshan spring is also famous. There are many glacial lakes on the top ofthe 19th peak, which is more than 3800 meters above sea level. These lakes areleft by Quaternary glaciers. There are also the streams of the eighteen streams,the waterfalls and springs, and the four seasons. Nourished by pure and sweetspring water, Cangshan is full of vitality. Ice lake, covered with primevalforests and many rare trees, exotic flowers. Cangshans flowers have long beenfamous, and it also makes Cangshan famous all over the world. "More than onemillion people in the United States know about Cangshan Mountain in Dali,Yunnan, China, because they all grow many beautiful azaleas from CangshanMountain in Dali."

Cangshans stone is famous at home and abroad. Guo Moruo wrote the poem"Ode to marble:" the three pagodas are high and ancient, reflecting on the yearof Zhenguan. Cangshan rhymes with wind and moon, and strange stones spit cloudsand smoke. Phase in the heart and chest, cool when axillary. Heavens work andmanpowers generation are rare overseas. " Cangshan breeds marble, which is thesoul of Cangshan. This kind of magnificent stone is found in many parts of theworld. Dudali is the most beautiful and has been developed early. Therefore,this kind of stone is called "marble" all over the world. Dali is also famousfor its stones.

Cangshan is now along the waist of the mountain opened up a tour road.Outside the north gate of Dali ancient city, there is a 7000 meter longcableway, which can reach Zhonghe Temple directly. Visitors can go back andforth by cableway.

Cangshan ximatan

Ximatan, formerly known as biaolongtan, is located on a platform at the topof Yuju peak, the second peak of Cangshan Mountain, with an altitude of 40097meters and about 50 steps from the peak. Ximatan has a radius of more than 100meters and a water depth of 1.67 meters. It is in the shape of an elliptical potbottom. The bottom of the pool and its surroundings are naturally paved withvery thin bluestone slabs. The lake is crystal clear and does not dry up all theyear round. It is a beautiful alpine lake on the top of Cangshan Mountain.

The lake is surrounded by Alpine Rhododendron shrubbery in the shape ofQiulong, and not far below is the tall and straight primitive forest belt ofAbies faxoniana and bamboo forest belt of Cangshan.

At the turn of spring and summer, rhododendrons are in full bloom. Thelakeside is as colorful as clouds. On one side, there are fresh green bamboosand dark blue fir, and on the other side, there are mottled gray and yellow rockpeaks and stone screens, reflecting the lake. If you are interested in lying ona rock beside the lake and kissing and caressing your cheek with clusters ofpink Bauhinia, pale yellow wild lily and colorful dragon claw flowers, you willfeel tired and refreshed. In addition, the fragrance of Rhododendron in the windmakes you forget to return.

Fengyan cave

From the ancient city of Dali to the southwest, to the foot of Longquanpeak of Cangshan Mountain, and then climb seven or eight miles to Fengyancave.

Fengyan cave is embedded in Putuo cliff, half of Longquan peak to thesouth. Here, the cliff is ten thousand Ren, the sky is empty, and the scenery issecluded and steep. The rock passes through a line, and the hole is like the eyeof a Phoenix. The back of the cave is the side of Longquan peak. In front of thecave is a huge lingxu rock. When you walk to the edge of the rock and look down,you can see the green jade stream and a pitian pouring down. The clouds are vastand the abyss is dazzling. This is the "sacrificial cliff". There is a stone bedin the East and west of Yannan. Its surface is smooth and shiny. It is called"immortal bed". This is the most dangerous part of Fengyan cave. On the stonewall beside the bed, there are inscriptions such as "this place is not human","should know that there is no heaven" and so on. There is also a place called"West Buddha Pavilion". Each pavilion is carved with a stone Buddha. If you wantto see the whole picture of the Buddha, you must sit on the immortal bed andlook up. It is commonly known as "looking back at the Eight Immortals". Fengyancave is famous for its precipitousness since ancient times, which can be calledone of the scenic spots of Cangshan.

Cangshan Park

At the foot of Xieyang peak in the northwest suburb of Xiaguan, there willbe Jundong scenic spot.

In 1982, Cangshan Park was opened by Xiaguan Municipal Peoples government.Two new scenic spots, Songbai garden and Qingquan waterfall, were built outsidejiangjundong. In the pine and cypress garden, there are stone archways at themountain gate, marble plaques on the setting sun scenic spot, and long corridorsand pavilions for visitors to rest. The waterfall falls down from the cliff andkeeps falling all the year round. The garden, waterfall and jiangjundong ancientbuildings are integrated, covering hundreds of mu with beautiful scenery.Forest, water overflow green, East View Erhai Lake, South listen to the WestErhe river waves, back against the main peak of the setting sun.

Jiangjun cave was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.The main buildings are gatehouse, stage, main hall, God of wealth hall,Niangniang hall, wing room and so on. The whole building complex has a strongBai style. Among them, the main hall is a single eaves building on the top ofthe mountain, with Dragon carving buildings, which is very magnificent. Duringthe reign of Tang Tianbao, Tang General Li mi led his troops to attack Nanzhaoand entered the Xier river. He was defeated by the king of Nanzhao and thewhole army was destroyed. Ten thousand people were buried on the South Bank ofthe tail of the river. People built a temple in memory of Li Mi, commonly knownas the general cave. There is a big green tree in front of the temple forhundreds of years. It is said that Li mi was defeated and fled to Xieyang peak.He planted his weapons on the ground and later grew into a tree. The existenceof jiangjundong fully reflects the desire of the people of all ethnic groups inthe border areas to oppose division and war, and to seek peace, as well as thebroad mind of magnanimous tolerance and inclusiveness.

Zhoucheng

At the foot of Canglang peak in Cangshan Mountain is Xizhou Town, thelargest Bai Nationality Town in Dali, with a population of 8350. Most of thehouses in the village are white dwellings with three sides and one wall, withpink walls, green tiles and deep tunnels.

Two tall banyan trees (commonly known as big green trees) grow in the Southand North West squares. There is a huge screen wall in front of the SouthSquare, which is embedded with the four characters of "Canger Yuxiu". NorthSquare has a brick forest structure of the ancient stage, seat east to west,platform height 2 meters, lift beam type building, Xieshan stage, facing two biggreen trees, here is the place of daily afternoon market trade. Every TorchFestival, huge torches are erected here to celebrate the performance.

In addition, the village also has the main temple, Wenchang palace andother ancient buildings, it looks antique. Due to the establishment of communeand team enterprises, the commercial economy is very active. There aretraditional tie dyeing, wine making, food processing, construction and otherindustries. There are cultural palaces, cinemas, schools, hospitals and so on.There are strong ethnic customs. Due to its proximity to Butterfly Spring Park,the number of tourists is increasing day by day, and the village has convenientaccommodation, especially the delicious and unique style of tofu cooked fish,which has become an important folk tourism village in Dali.

Huadianba

Huadianba is a beautiful and rich basin on the top of Cangshan Mountain. Itis on the top of Yunlong peak and Canglang peak of Cangshan Mountain. It is 2900meters above sea level, more than 20 kilometers long from north to South andabout 3 kilometers wide from east to west. In the west of Bazi, there are 19peaks similar to Cangshan, which are called xiaocangshan with dense forests.There are more than 40 streams, large and small, in the mountain. Afterconverging, they become Cangshan Wanhua stream.

Follow the Wanhua river opposite Xizhou town and climb for more than twohours to reach Huadian sentry post. After entering the sentry, a broad dam withblue and rosy clouds suddenly appears in front of us, which makes us suddenlyfeel relaxed and happy. Huadian dam is surrounded by undulating peaks, greenbamboos all over the mountain, water tinkling, birds singing, quiet andbeautiful. Every spring and summer, the mountains and fields are full of cherryblossoms, which are more than 20 miles in length, forming a sea of flowers and aworld of flowers. Among the flowers mixed with white bean flower, peony flowerand other herbaceous flowers, colorful, magnificent and charming. Camellia,Rhododendron, YINGSHANHONG, wild chrysanthemum, leopard flower and dragon clawflower make the whole dam colorful. Huadianba is a kingdom of plants and a seaof flowers.

Ancient Buddha cave

The ancient Buddha cave, located on Yunlong peak of Cangshan Mountain inDali, is a natural karst cave. It is named after the Buddha statue in the cave.Xu Xiake, a famous geographer of China in the late Ming Dynasty, once inspectedit and recorded in the diary of a trip to Yunnan that "there is an ancientBuddha cave in Nanshan gorge, which is very different, but hanging on the bankand cliffs, Im afraid its impossible to walk, and no one can recognize itwithout a guide.". Under the guidance of the guide, Xu Xiake, fearing nodifficulties and dangers, climbed straight down to the entrance of the cave, but"its very difficult to jump steep, so he cant go down.". When people readthis, they all feel sorry for Xu Xiakes failure to enter the cave forinvestigation. At the same time, it also adds a layer of mystery to the ancientBuddha cave.

The cave is a wonderful world with deep twists and turns and strange rocks.This kind of landscape is caused by the continuous infiltration of groundwaterand the long-term deposition of calcium carbonate in the water, graduallyforming stalagmites and stalagmites. Later, the monks found this strange scene.In order to persuade the faithful men and women to obtain "merits", they carvedBuddha and Bodhisattva statues on these stalagmites and stalagmites. This isexactly what Xu Xiake said in his travels: "a few years ago, a monk lived hereand set up many Buddhas, so he took the name of Buddha.". Of course, the monksdid not expect to leave a precious cultural and artistic heritage for todayspeople when they carved.

Qufus Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest,collectively referred to as "three Confucius", is a symbol of Chinas history ofcommemorating Confucius and advocating Confucianism. It is famous for its richcultural heritage, long history, grand scale, rich cultural relics collectionand scientific and artistic value. In addition, in the history of literature,there is also the theory of "three Confucius".

In the southwest of Shandong Province, there is a county-level city with apopulation of 1 / 5 surnamed Kong. It is Qufu, which has a long history of morethan 5000 years. The reason why Qufu is famous all over the world is closelyrelated to the name of Confucius. Confucius is one of the greatest philosophersin the world and the founder of Chinese Confucianism. In the long history ofmore than 20__ years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodoxculture of China, and has influenced the countries in East and Southeast Asia,and has become the cornerstone of the whole oriental culture. Qufus ConfuciusMansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest, collectively referred to as"three Confucius", is a symbol of Chinas history of commemorating Confucius andadvocating Confucianism. It is famous for its rich cultural heritage, longhistory, grand scale, rich cultural relics collection and scientific andartistic value. Because of its prominent position in Chinese history andOriental Culture in the world, it was listed as a world cultural heritage byUNESCO and included in the world heritage list in December 1994. It is honoredas one of the three holy cities in the world.

On May 8, 20__, Qufu minggucheng (Sankong) tourist area was officiallyapproved as a national 5A tourist attraction by the National TourismAdministration.

The reason why Qufu is famous all over the world is closely related to thename of Confucius. Confucius is one of the greatest philosophers in the worldand the founder of Chinese Confucianism. In the long history of more than 20__years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodox culture of China, andhas influenced the countries in East and Southeast Asia, and has become thecornerstone of the whole oriental culture. Qufus Confucius Mansion, ConfuciusTemple and Confucius forest, collectively referred to as "three Confucius", is asymbol of Chinas history of commemorating Confucius and advocatingConfucianism. It is famous for its rich cultural heritage, long history, grandscale, rich cultural relics collection and scientific and artistic value.Because of its prominent position in Chinese history and oriental culture, it ishonored as one of the three holy cities in the world.

龙庆峡位于北京市延庆县城东北10公里的古城村西北的古城河口，距北京城区85公里。龙庆峡古称"古城九曲"，被人们誉为北京的"小漓江"，是北京十六景之一。其水源于海坨山东麓，经玉渡山汇入古城水库。

延庆的龙庆峡峰峦峭立，山清水秀，7公里长的峡谷既有南方的秀丽，又有北方的雄奇，开阔与幽深间或，险峻与浅滩并存，神仙院、金刚寺、玉泉阁、神笔峰等奇山异景胜似仙境，到了冬天又成为冰雕和冰灯的世界。每年的冰灯节吸引了众多的八方宾客。

北京龙庆峡被人们誉为北京的“小漓江”。龙庆峡水库高耸的大坝相连着两座山，其宽有四五十米，大坝犹如一把白色的巨锁把龙锁住了。登上大坝俯瞰北面，墨绿色的水面倒影着山峦和白云。东西的两座山，峭壁直立，像刀切似的，足有几十丈高，“龙庆峡”可能由此峡而得名。当你划船而渡，大有“山重水复疑无路”、“柳暗花明又一村”之感。水似飘罗带，曲曲弯弯，山不转水转，仿佛永无尽头，每转一山就是一景。那千姿百态的山和石，有的像出鞘的剑，有的像举起的大锤，有的像昂首的虎，有的像扭着头的象……因此人们根据它们的形状取名为“震山如来”、“鸡冠子山”、“金缸山”等等。

两边的崖岸之上，有镇山如来、石?熊跳岩、九连洞、鸡冠山、金刚山、马蹄潭、将军岩、金刚寺遗址等奇峰怪石，堪称“塞外一绝”。它既有塞外的雄奇，又兼有江南的秀丽，可与桂林的漓江、长江的三峡相媲美。是北京十六景之一。

该景区集南方山水的妩媚秀丽和北方山水的雄浑壮观于一体，峡谷曲折蜿蜒，河水幽长碧绿。两岸山崖险峻，森林茂密，裸露的石灰岩形成奇特造型，特别是长年被水浸蚀所形成的溶洞和洞中的石笋、石柱、石断层，与漓江山石极相似，只是当您抬头观望山峰时，才可感到北方峰崖的雄伟峻峭。龙庆峡南面为八达岭长城，西北为松山森林公园，正西是海坨山。

尊敬的女士们、先生们、小朋友们：

大家好!

我是今天的导游盛泽西，大家可以叫我小盛。今天我们要参观的是天坛，它是世界著名文化遗产之一。今天，我很高兴和大家共同欣赏它美丽的景色和建筑，共度这段美好的时光，预祝大家玩得愉快!。

天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天的场所，始建于明永乐20xx年(1420xx年)，以后经过不断的扩建，至清乾隆年间建成。它从建成开始，一直是皇帝祭天的专用祭坛，一直延续了490年，直到1920xx年辛亥革命封建帝制结束，它也完成了它的使命。1920xx年被辟为公园，从此后“任人游览”。1957年被列入北京市第一批古建筑文物保护单位。1961年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

天坛公园现有面积为205万平方米，保存有祈谷坛、圜丘坛、斋宫、神乐四组古建筑群，有古建筑92座600余间。是世界上现存规模最大、形制最完备的古代祭天建筑群。天坛有3500余株古松柏、古槐，树龄逾数百年。

天坛不仅是中国古代皇帝的祭坛，也是中国悠久的祭天文化的结晶，其宏伟的建筑、苍翠的古树、丰富的文物收藏既记载了中国古代先民的企盼和希望，也记载了封建帝王的睿智、昏庸和腐朽。

各位亲爱的游客朋友们，我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处，请大家批评指正，谢谢!

Hello, everyone! First of all, welcome to our company. Please let me sayhello to you in Tibetan: "zaxidler"! Ill explain to you that it means goodluck. Today we are going to visit the famous Jokhang Temple, which is located inthe center of Lhasas old city. It has a history of 1350 years. It is the mostsplendid building in Tibet during the Tuzhu period. It was built in 647 ad, andwas jointly built by Songzanganbu, Princess Tang Wencheng and princess Chizun ofNepal. After several generations of expansion, it has formed a grand scale ofmore than 25100 square meters. It has five golden roofs and 108 Buddhisttemples. It governs the five major sects of Tibetan Buddhism, such as Bon,Ningma, Sakya, Gaju and Gelu, as well as the statues of Buddha, Bodhisattva,Buddha, patriarch and Dharma protector worshipped by various sects.

Dear tourists, when we walk out of the Sutra library, we can see themagnificent wild goose pagoda. When you see this Tang Dynasty building, you mustbe both surprised and curious. First of all, why is the tower named aftergeese?

Now we come to the important Hall of yongzhonglin temple, tongzhuilakang."Tongzhuilakang" means to see, "zhuilakang" means liberation. Tongzhuilakangcovers an area of 80 square meters. There are a pair of silver lamps and amandala in the hall, each made of 70 silver dollars (cast in 1993). In thecenter of the mural is the portrait of Jiangun dawajenzan, surrounded by thethousand Buddha statues of the Bon patriarch dunbaxinrao. The Lingta hall, withan area of more than 40 square meters, is used for Jiangun dawajenzans Lingta,which is 5 meters high and is embedded in two kilograms of gold; There are alsothousands of dunbaxinrao and Tangka of the original Buddha and Bodhisattva sentby Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with the throne of the abbot of the temple;the hall of practice is dedicated to the Dharma God, and there is a coppergilded stupa of Jiangzhong dawajianzan, in which the hands, feet and magicweapons of Jiangzhong dawajianzan are stored.

There is a legend about the origin of the Jokhang Temple. It was 1300 yearsago, when the Lhasa plain was still a wasteland and lake. Chizun, Nepaleseconcubine of the Tibetan king Songzanganbu, tried to build a temple here tosupport the eight year old statue of Sakyamuni Buddha that she brought from herhometown. Her efforts did not succeed: the temple was built in the day andcollapsed at night; it was built today and collapsed tomorrow. Just whenPrincess Ni was distressed and depressed, Princess Wencheng came here fromChangan after many hardships. When Chizun heard that Princess Wencheng knew theeight trigrams of yin and Yang and was good at surveying the terrain, he senthis maid to bring a gift of gold powder to Princess Wenchengs residence foradvice. After surveying and calculating, Wencheng found that the terrain ofTibet is like a huge witch lying on her back. The center of Lhasa city is theheart of the witch, and Wotang Lake (milk Lake) is the work of the witch.Filling the lake and building a temple here can suppress the devil. Historicalrecords: "in order to control the limbs of the female devil lying on her back,people nailed her with 12 nails to fix her." These 12 nails are said to be the12 pillars in the main hall of the Jokhang Temple. In order to build a templededicated to Sakyamuni, it is necessary to mobilize lOOO white goats to carryearth and rock from the gogala mountain in the northern suburbs and fill theWotang lake.

Songzanganbu and the Nepalese Princess adopted the idea of PrincessWencheng, collected many folk men and 1000 white goats, and began to fill thelake to build the temple. At that time, from the lakeside construction site tothe foot of the guogela mountain, there was an endless stream of white goatscarrying earth and rock. The journey was too far and the load was too heavy.Many goats fell by the side of the road, and many more were worn out. When thetemple opened, Songzan Ganbu and his two concubines remembered the merits andsacrifices of the white goat, and ordered the craftsmen to carve a white goatand place it in a corner of the main hall, so that it could enjoy the pilgrimageand sacrifice of believers like other gods in the temple. The temple is alsonamed "raaqulangzulakan", which means "Sakyamuni Temple of the goats negativeland".

Now, in front of the entrance to the main entrance of the Jokhang Temple,there are two stone tablets. This is the Tang fan alliance tablet, also known as"Changqing alliance tablet" or "nephew and alliance tablet". The stele is 342 cmhigh, 82 cm wide and 35 cm thick. It is carved in Chinese and Tibetancharacters. It was built in 823 AD by Zanpu of Tubo to commemorate the Tang Huileague from the first year to the second year of Changqing. According to theinscription, "uncle and nephew are the two masters who discuss the unity of thecountry and establish a great peace treaty. There will never be a replacementfor Chongqing. God and man have been known and praised from generation togeneration." The inscription emphasizes that Tang Wencheng and Princess Jinchengmarried Tubo Zanpu and concluded a good marriage between uncle and nephew;traces the history and achievements of Tang and Tubo, and records the process ofthe alliance, the date of its establishment, and the list of officials whoparticipated in the alliance. It is a valuable cultural relic in the history ofHan and Tibet. The other is the "stone tablet for persuading people tovaccinate". It is 3.3 meters high and 1.2 meters wide. The forehead of the stonetablet is engraved with the pattern of two dragons playing with pearls. It waswritten by He Lin, Minister of Tibet in 1794. During the reign of EmperorQianlong, smallpox was prevalent in Tibet, resulting in many deaths. Theminister and Lin ordered people to build houses in northern Tibet for smallpoxpatients, which made many patients return. He Lin also urged the Dalai Lama andthe Panchen Lama to set aside food rations as a rule, and then set up this "aemonument.". As a result of superstition, the common people often use pebbles tosmash. Over the years, they have been bruised and formed many mortar shapedpits. Most of the characters are damaged and illegible. The famous "tangliu" isplanted on both sides of the Tang fan alliance stele. It is said that PrincessWencheng brought the willow branches given by the empress in Baqiao of Changanto Tibet and planted them around the Jokhang Temple, so it is also called"Princess Liu". Princess Liu has a history of more than 1300 years. Although ithas withered, it is still cherished by people. It is said that there was nowillow in Tibet, but now willows all over the country are developed from theseedlings brought by Princess Wencheng.

Dazhao temple sits east to west, the temple is four stories high, and thetop of the temple is covered with a unique golden roof. Lotus, flying sky andanimals are carved on the border of the hall door, which has the architecturalstyle of the Tang Dynasty. Under the eaves of the second and third floors of themain hall, there are rows of woodcarving Fu beast and mud semicircle sculptureswith Sphinx. Interestingly enough, the nose of the Sphinx is flat. There is alsoa magical legend here: during the construction of the Jokhang Temple, SongzanGanbu personally wielded his axe to the beam, which shocked the nine gods tocome to help. One day, when the maid was delivering tea, she saw that the beamwas full of Songzan dry cloth. She couldnt help but be surprised and quicklytold Princess Chizun. Princess Chizun came to the construction site and yelled"Zanpu". Hearing this, Songzanganbu turned his head and looked down. With an axein his hand, she flattened the nose of the lion on the eaves. As you can see,the whole building is exquisitely carved with flying eaves, which not onlypreserves the traditional Tibetan architectural form and characteristics, butalso integrates the rich and simple style of Tang Dynasty architecture.

At night, when the lights are dim, you can enjoy the beautiful tropicalrainforest square, take a walk on the soft beach along the coast, and listen tothe shallow singing of Dadonghai.

Now we enter from the main gate into the rear gate and clockwise into awide open courtyard. This is the place where Lhasas great Dharma Assembly isheld. Here, I would like to briefly introduce the Church of summoning Dafa.Every year, from the fourth to the 24th day of the first month of the Tibetancalendar, there is a large-scale Dharma Assembly. At that time, tens ofthousands of monks from the three major temples in Lhasa gather in gouzhaotemple to hold a variety of religious activities. The mission of Dafa began in1409, when Tibetan Buddhism was preached

Namco Lake is the largest inland lake in Tibet, which is mainly supplied bynatural precipitation and melting ice and snow. The lake area has lessprecipitation, strong sunshine and large water evaporation. The lake water isbitter and salty, and can not be drunk. It is the second largest salt water lakein China after Qinghai Lake.

In order to commemorate Sakyamuni Buddhas success in defeating six kindsof heretics with the method of divine change, the founder of the Gelug Sect,Zong Kaba, convened monks from various temples to hold a Dharma meeting in theJokhang Temple for 15 days. Prayer and chanting is the main activity of calling.Under the leadership of the master, thousands of monks chant in a well-trainedchest voice. The voice is like the tide of the sea. It has a soul stirring powerand the scene is extremely spectacular. The most winning project is the opendebate of kaogesi in songqure square on the south side of Jokhang Temple. Gexiis the highest degree of Gelug Sect in Tibetan Buddhism. All the monks presentcan take turns to challenge the examinees and argue with him about Confucianclassics. This kind of debate is rhythmic and musical. It is supplemented byhigh fives, shouts, non-stop painting, and long strings of rosary beads flyingwith gestures, which makes a very wonderful scene.

The wall of the colonnade around the courtyard and the wall of the turningcorridor are called thousand Buddha corridor because they are full of Buddhastatues. The mural mainly describes the life stories of Sakyamuni Buddha andzongkaba, the reformer of Tibetan Buddhism and the founder of Gelug Sect. Amural on the west wall depicts the talks between the fifth Dalai Lama, GushiKhan and the second sangjiejiacuo. The rest depicts the 1000 Buddhas to appearin the temple. The murals cover an area of 4400 square meters, coveringreligious stories, biographies of historical figures, commemorative portraits,important historical events, Tibetan customs and folklore, etc. The pictures ofPrincess Wencheng entering Tibet, the construction of the Jokhang Temple, andthe white goat carrying earth are all treasures in the murals of the JokhangTemple.

Now what we are going to do is to turn the Sutra inside. Buddhists turn theSutra clockwise along the Buddhist sacred objects. If the statue of Sakyamuni istaken as the center, Lhasa has three turning paths: inner, middle and outer. Theouter turning road is called "linkuo", which is a turning road along the oldcity of Lhasa. The transit road is called "bakuo", which is the route along theJokhang Temple. The neizhuanjing road is the one around the Jokhang Temple. Thewalls on both sides of the road are painted with 108 stories of Buddha Bensheng.These stories are drawn on the basis of "Ruyi Baoshu", the biography ofSakyamuni, written by Kashmir poet kesmendala, and ordered by the 13th DalaiLama in the early 20th century.

We are now going to visit these important Buddhist temples and sutras hallsin a clockwise direction. Across the inner hall of the Zhaosi temple, there areseveral large statues. On the left is master lianhuasheng, and on the right isMaitreya (future Buddha). A little behind these two statues is the dry handthousand eye Avalokitesvara. On the right side of the main Maitreya Buddha aretwo Maitreya Buddhas facing inward. For example, the smaller one is funded bythe Bashi family, so it is called "Bashi Qiangba", while the larger one isfunded by the noble polamiwang, so it is called "Miwang Qiangba".

Zongkaba and its eight disciples Hall: this Buddhist hall was built inmemory of zongkaba, the founder of Gelug Sect. The main statue in the center ofthe temple is zongkaba. The other eight statues are his eight disciples. The twomost famous disciples, Ke Zhujie and Jia Caojie, are located on the left andright sides of zongkaba statue. When zongkaba grew older and went to the remotecave for seclusion, these eight disciples were there to serve him.

In addition, the Gandan Temple treasures the armor given by EmperorQianlong of the Qing Dynasty and the brocade embroidered Tang Dynasty by EmperorYongle of the Ming Dynasty. The armor inlaid with gold and silver treasures wasgiven to Tibet by Emperor Qianlong in 1757 as a tribute to Zong Kaba, theancestor of the Yellow religion. The helmet is also illustrated in Han, Manchu,Mongolian and Tibetan characters. It is a treasure with high artistic andhistorical value. The brocade Tang Dynasty is a gift given by Emperor Yongle ofMing Dynasty to Shiying Yixi, the king of the great mercy Dharma. There are 24brocade paintings of Sakyamuni Buddha, the eighteen Arhats, and the fourheavenly kings. After the king of the great mercy Dharma returned to Tibet, theywere immediately presented to the supreme master Kaba. These embroidered statuesare displayed for three weeks every year on the 15th of June in the Tibetancalendar, which is called "Gan Dan embroidery Tang Festival". On the morning ofJune 15 of the Tibetan calendar, the monks of the whole temple chanted. Afterthe ceremony, the "Hui Gong Fa Hui" (commonly known as "Chuan Xiao Zhao") washeld. 16 young monks carried the 26 meter long and 10 meter wide Tang Ka ofSakyamuni statue to the exhibition platform for exhibition. Half an hour later,they collected it and sent it back to the yangbaqian Temple for collection. Thenthey took out 24 brocade Tang paintings for the four Buddhists to look forwardto. At the same time, they performed Tibetan opera, song and dance. The festivalatmosphere was very strong.

Shenbian Tower: it is said that in the 7th century, Songzanganbu threw thering into the air, and the site of the Jokhang Temple was determined by theplace where the ring fell. The ring fell into Wotang lake, and a white pagodarose from the lake, indicating that a suitable Temple site had been found. Inthe 13th century, Sakya Banzhida built a white tower according to the appearanceof the illusory white tower. Later, the tower was destroyed. Now the main toweris rebuilt to replace the white tower built by Sakya Banzhida.

Eight pharmacists Buddha Hall: the main hall is dedicated to the eightpharmacists who are respected as the God of medicine. When they are sick orpraying for health, believers think that worshiping this Buddhist temple canhelp them get rid of illness and improve their health.

Western China Film and television city is also known as "OrientalHollywood". It is located in Beibao, a suburb of Yinchuan, two kilometers awayfrom Huaxia rare art city. It used to be an abandoned Ming Dynasty castle in thedesert of Western China, surrounded by many places of interest. The following isa collection of tour guide words about Huaxia western film and Television City,welcome to read!

Avalokitesvara: Avalokitesvara is compassionate. His hands and eyes are farfrom meeting the needs of saving all living beings. Therefore, in order toimprove his efficiency in doing good deeds, he has transformed intoAvalokitesvara. It is said that this Guanyin with dry hands and eyes appearedmiraculously in the period of Songzanganbu. Another way of saying is that afterSongzanganbu and his two princesses died, their gods were inhaled into thisBuddha statue. This temple is the most sacred one except Shizun hall.

各位游客朋友们，你们好，欢迎你们来到天坛公园。我姓崔，是大家来参观天坛公园的导游，大家可以叫我崔导。现在我带大家一起来参观美丽的天坛公园。

北京天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣坛，也是我国现存最大的一处坛庙建筑。天坛公园土也广大，古柏参天，建筑精美。苍松翠柏，绿草如茵，树干上还挂着木牌子，记着古树的年龄。

天坛公园里面有祈年殿，祈年殿是古代著名的建筑，是中国古代劳动人民勤劳和智慧的结晶。外围墙北圆南方，象征着“天圆地方”。祈年殿高38米，坐北朝南，气势宏伟。整个大殿全部都是木质结构，造型奇特，结构精巧，全都具有十分高的艺术价值。殿内金碧辉煌，殿顶上画着飞龙凤舞，形态逼真，仰头望去，金龙舞凤，似乎好像真的腾空跃起，中间的4根红色的柱子两个人都合抱不过来，外面的一圈还有12根盘花篮柱，它们共同支着弯形的殿。4根红色的柱子象征着一年四季。

12根蓝柱子像这种12个月和12个时辰。殿内地面上正中间有一块圆形的龙凤石，蕴藏着天然形成的龙凤图案。

好了!今天的旅程就结束了，希望这一次的天坛公园之旅给大家留下了一个深刻的印象。欢迎大家下次再来参观游玩，谢谢大家!

来北京其实最想去的事景山公园和恭王府，对于我来说就像是很早就听过却一直没见到的那种感觉吧。

景山公园最大的看点也许就是崇祯皇帝自缢的那棵脖子树吧。电视剧《康熙王朝》中，康熙曾经训斥大臣们，说那棵脖子树还在那，才多长时间，你们就忘了。居安思危也好，警钟长鸣总是没错的。

本来网上查的门票是十块钱，结果去了才知道是两块钱，可怜我还掏出学生证，都有些不好意思了。然而进去画风立马就变了。虽然像个皇家园林，有草有树，但已经晚冬，很多植物化作泥土，走几步就能听到乌鸦的叫声，好不凄惨!从东门进去，走到正中有三个牌坊，位于景山北边。所以就从北边拾级而上，到了山顶。在山顶能看到很多地方：故宫博物院，地安门，北海公园。

当年李自成率领军队攻城，崇祯敲钟却无一人来朝。所以他派人送皇太子出城逃跑，赐死皇后，又亲手砍杀妃子和公主，随后和一个太监跑到景山，站在山顶，看紫禁城四处火起，很难想象当时他的心情，老天交给他的是一个大厦将倾的江山。

不管他如何努力，最终都还是败了，就当皇帝来说，明朝中后期的皇帝，崇祯算是很敬业的，但他不可能挽狂澜于既倒。不得不说，崇祯一朝因为皇太极的离间计，让崇祯自毁长城，可以说是个很大的转折。可即便如此，袁崇焕建立的关宁锦防线在他死后还是坚持了20年，直到那个冲冠一怒为红颜的吴三桂和清军内外夹击，最后清军才算入关。想想当年将袁崇焕凌迟，然后传首九边。明朝能堪称长城的将领也就李成梁、戚继光、再有就是袁崇焕了。内忧外患，病入膏肓，崇祯已经无力回天了。

为明朝灭亡买单的当然不止崇祯一人，说实话，明朝中后期的很多皇帝都挺荒.唐。这不禁让我想到人性本善和人性本恶的两种说法。主张人性本恶的人认为，如果放任一个人无所顾虑的去做自己想做的事，那么其实明朝的很多皇帝可能就是很好的例子。有爱巡山玩水的，有当木匠很好的(万历)，也有一个更典型，当皇帝短时间内就做了一千多件不该做的事，可见一斑，最后还因为红丸案一命呜呼，不过这种皇帝死了也好。嘉靖、万历这两个都有希望中兴明朝的，结果最后都没有，皇帝本身的因素很大。所以照这么看来，是人性本恶了。以前考试语文有道阅读题是毕淑敏的《怕》，说的就是一个人应该有些敬畏之心，如果真的天不怕、地不怕，没有什么约束的话，那么天知道他会做出些什么事来。当然另一种就是人性本善，人之初，性本善。就像厨房里的白炽灯，刚开始明亮，熏个两三年就被油烟堵死了，再也透不出光来。所以如果把那些不好的事物当做油烟的话，就需要我们经常反思自己，如何能够不被“油烟”封死，所以日三省吾身。

景山上总共有五个建筑，东西向对称分布，所以在山顶礼佛(原谅我只是拱手拜了拜，因为心诚则灵)，两边的亭子的佛像被八国联军掠走了，所以是关着的。站在山顶的时候，想到一句诗随后下山，到崇祯自缢的地方，那棵树早在革命时期就被砍了，所以现在看到的是九几年移栽的一棵比较像的树。不管如何，崇祯也算一个好人吧，如果他生的时代好一点，也至少是个不差的皇帝吧，当然，历史没有假设。在他死前，血书“朕自登基十七年，逆贼直逼京师，虽朕薄德匪躬，上干天怒，致逆贼直逼京师，然皆诸臣误朕也。朕死，无面目见祖宗于地下，自去冠冕，以发覆面。任贼分裂朕尸，勿伤百姓一人。”随行太监一起自杀。

百感交集，园内有游人嬉笑于声，亦有老者打牌消遣，昔日的皇家园林今日人人可入(学生证半价一块钱)，取之于民，用之于民。以史为镜，可以见兴替。