长城导游词英语简短(精彩20篇)

各位游客，大家好，这次我很荣幸能和大家一起到八达岭观光旅游，希望大家在八达岭上度过一段美好的时光。请注意不要乱扔垃圾。

长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一，它想一条长龙，盘踞在中国北方的辽阔的土地上。它是中国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，也是我们华夏子孙的骄傲，游客们现在我们到达了八达岭长城的脚下，前面的那座山是军都山，八达岭长城就盘踞在这座山上。现在我们在八达岭长城上，向下看可以看见一个U型的城墙和抵挡敌人的瓮城，垛口处如果坏人涌进城内，将被四面守城的将士围歼，如落瓮中，所以瓮城也是长城的一个重要的主城部分。

我们再往下走可以看见上城口右边陈列着一门大炮，名为‘威大将军’。这门大炮长一米多，射程最多进500米，可见当时的军工业水平是十分优秀的。以前这是抵挡敌军的。

长城是我们中华民族的象征，全世界的文化遗产，会焕发出新的生机。以前，流传着一个叫‘孟姜女哭长城’的`故事。内容是这样的，从前有个叫孟姜女的姑娘，她和丈夫结婚的时候，几个官兵把丈夫抓到长城去做劳工，孟姜女历经千辛万苦终于到了，长城露出丈夫的尸首，她便大哭起来，哭了三天三夜，把长城一节一节的哭倒了。这个故事就发生在这里。希望这次旅游给大家留给一个美好的回忆。让我们一起度过这次愉快的旅游。

谢谢大家，本次导游结束!

经典北京八达岭长城导游词范文4

中国的长城作为坚固的军事防御功能，已经永远失去了它的历史作用，但作为伟大的建筑永远屹立在中华大地。成为中华民族。团结的象征。1987年，长城被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，被专家学者称为“ 世界上最长的防御性城墙 ” 。

今天我们登上了长城，在中国的旅游界界流行着一句话 “ 不到长城非好汉 ”。现在各位都是英雄好汉了，女士们就是巾帼英雄。长城横贯中国的北部，长达6000多公里，合计12000多华里，所以叫 “ 万里长城 ”。长城与黄河被称为中国北方两巨龙。北京位于黄河以北，长城以南，俗话说 “ 万里长城万里长，遥想当年秦始皇 ”，其实长城并非起自秦始皇，应该说是起自春秋战国。

公元前221年，友好往来一举灭掉了六国，他把中国北部的旧长城连接了起来。形成了一道西起临洮，东到辽东的万里长城。这一段历史时期的长城叫做秦长城。大家听说过孟姜女哭长城的传说吗?说的是孟姜女新婚不久，他的丈夫范杞良就被抓去修长城。一去三年，没有音信。一天夜里孟姜女做了一个梦，梦见她的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，浑身发抖。喊着说：“ 我冷啊!我冷啊! ”于是孟姜女决定千里寻夫为他送寒衣。她从江淮一带(今安徽)来到北方，沿着长城找寻她的丈夫，她四处打听，一直都没有下落。到山海关一带，一个修城的工头说，范杞良早已经死了。她悲痛欲绝，放声大哭。哭倒了长城八百里。这个传说反映了秦始皇强征民夫，横征暴敛的暴政。

到了西汉时期，汉武帝又修了一道外长城。而且，把它修到了阴山以北，可怜的匈奴人只有 “ 望队山而泣 ” 。真可谓 “ 不叫胡马度阴山 ”。这一段汉长城可以说是西起新疆境内，东经蒙古，一直到黑龙江流域长达两万余里。这一时期的长城，称为汉长城。

公元1368年，明朝皇帝朱元璋派大将徐达北筑长城，从那时起直到明朝末期，先后大修长城十八次，历时260余年。公元1500年，也就是弘治十二年，才完成了明长城的规模。它东起鸭绿江西到嘉峪关，经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多华里。这一时期的长城叫明长城。就是今天我们各位看到的八达岭这一段的长城。所以说在历史上有三次筑城高潮。这就是秦长城、汉长城、明长城。

如果我们把中国历代的长城全部加起来，它遍布16个省市自治区，总长度5.4万公里，合计10.8万华里。

居庸关号称天下雄关，俗话说 “ 长城之险不在居庸关，而在八达岭 ” 。也就是说 “ 关在居庸，险在八达岭 ”。八达岭这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十十楼，全长4770米。它是北京山区通向塞外的唯一通道，八达岭是居庸关的前哨阵地，取四通八达之意。由此可以通向延庆、宣化、张家口、大同、永宁、四海的交通汇集点。八达岭西有岔道城，驻兵780多人。是重要的前哨阵地。建于1531年(嘉靖三十年)，而八达岭建于1505年(弘治18年)，这一带的山叫做军都山，崇山峻岭，形势险要，城关重重，但它终没有挡住李自成的农民军，1644年3月18日，李自成率32万大军东度太行山，直取八达岭破居庸关。逼的明朝皇帝崇祯自缢死在煤山，推翻了明王朝。请大家看长城，在总体构造上是上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。它分别由四种基本的构造构成的，一，城墙;二，城台;三，关隘;四，烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连，城墙上可容五马并走。烽火台又叫烟墩，用于传递军情。它独立于长城之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座。在万里长城上形成了千里的报警系统。每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台燃起烽火，传递军情，白天点烟有枯枝柴加狼粪所以又叫狼烟，烟色浓黑冲上蓝天这叫烽;夜间点烟，必然看不风，就点火这叫燧。合起来称为烽燧。歌曲里唱的“ 狼烟遍地 ”也就是战争爆发了。明朝规定来犯敌兵百余人点一烟，鸣一炮;五百人左右，两烟两炮;千余人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮;万人以上，五烟五炮。各位听说过烽火戏诸侯的故事吗?说的是西周的时候，周幽王为此烦恼，不知如何使她笑起来，这时有位拍马屁的大臣说，您可以在骊山的烽火台上燃起烽火，各位诸侯必然闻讯来救，当他们看到没有敌人，场面必然十分尴尬。果然当周幽王燃起烽火的时候，各路诸侯以为就师告急，空忙一场，看到各路诸侯狼狈的样子，褒姒不禁一笑，周幽王大喜，各路诸侯愤然而去。后来，西戎族真的来攻打京师了，周幽王燃起烽火求救，结果各路诸侯按兵不动，其下场是周幽王被杀，而褒姒被俘，这就是历史上的“ 周幽王烽火戏诸侯，褒姒一笑失天下 ” 。

Hello everyone, my name is hong, are you the lijiang tour guide, I hope you have fun in the tour.

I told you so much, everybody also saw so many, but is coming into the city, how didnt see the gate? Actually is invisible to the guests, this is also the one of the ancient city of lijiang, cant see the gate, could not see the wall, because there is no ancient city walls and gates, because the head of the naxi nationality name is "wood" if built walls and gates became "trapped" word, so ancient city without walls, also does not have the gates.

Into the old town of lijiang, see the square street. Square street, like the spider web, southeast of the northwest each have a way to it. Sifang street was paved by the multicolored, heels, on a multicolored sounds dont have a new idea, the sound is ringing, somewhat like the sound of a bell. Sifang street is the center of the city square, natural adornment beautiful and distinctive, even the inn is very beautiful. Sifang street inn is located in the center of the lijiang ancient city square street plaza, has a unique environmental advantages. Inn garden Bridges, lush flowers and trees, inherited the naxi ethnic aesthetic temperament and interest, one thousand years is harmony, harmonious concept of natural life. Inn each room design is unique, you can walk in the square street, absolutely no two rooms are the same.

The old town of lijiang have to put the light! Lijiang has a very special custom, is light. Put the lamp is old town of lijiang river of an ancient custom. It is said that each night, the dragon king of ying tan will follow the ancient city of jade river cruise, put a river light points to the dragon king the lighting, not only can protect the ancient city of peace, can make oneself and family get the dragon king bless and luck, success in the coming days. This legend. Put a river light, make a wish.

In many parts of lijiang is very beautiful, said also said not net, I hope you have a chance to be touring. This time you have fun? The answer is yes!!!! The chance next time I will take you to see the scenery of the ancient city of lijiang again!

Yu Garden is a famous classical garden in the south of the Yangtze River.Yu Garden was built in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. It was built by PanYunduan, a cloth governor in Sichuan in the Ming Dynasty. It has a history ofmore than 400 years. When the Shanghai knives Association uprising was held in1853, the Yu Garden spring hall was used as the North command of the rebel army.It displayed the weapons of the years knives, coins that had been made byitself, and the cultural relics issued. After the liberation, the governmentcarried out a large-scale renovation of Yu Garden, and officially opened to thepublic in 1961.

The Jingguan hall, also known as "Qingxue hall", is the main hall of theinner garden. It is carved and painted with beams. The hall is 5 rooms wide and3 rooms deep. There are two stone lions in front of the hall, and two gildedplaques of "Jingguan" and "lingmarshi" in the hall. The name of "Jing Guan"refers to the old saying "Jing Guan everything is contented" and "moving GuanShui, Jing Guan Shan". On the opposite side of the hall, there are many peaks,such as three officials offering their birthday, white deer watching the moon,bats flying, and nine lions dribbling. It is said that when you watch itquietly, you can distinguish more than 100 animal images. There are many hundredyear old trees between the stone peaks. There is a small courtyard in the East,with a pool of water, winding corridors on both sides, shady trees blocking thesun, tall and straight bamboo, and deep environment.

Guantao tower is located in the southwest of Jingguan hall, also known as"xiaolingtai". It is a three story wooden structure with a height of more than10 Zhang. It was the highest building in the east of the city in the QingDynasty. Once upon a time, one of the "Eight Sights of Shanghai city" was"autumn waves in Huangpu".

Huanyun building and Yanqing building face the Jingguan hall. They areconnected from east to West in the form of a series of buildings, and can leadto Guantao building and chuanting hall. The plaque "Huanyun" in Huanyun buildingis inscribed by Yao Wen, a famous gentry in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty.Also Yun Lou was originally the Shanghai money industry public housing industry,Yu Garden and inner garden were repeatedly destroyed by war, but this buildingwas not robbed.

The pavilion stands on the rockery in the east of Guantao tower. It is adouble-layer pavilion with stone tables and benches at the bottom. Thesurrounding trees are green. Inside the pavilion, a plaque was inscribed withthe name of "Ling Mu PI Fang".

Can be seen in Jingguan Hall East, small square hall, delicate quiet,especially cool summer. In front of the hall, there is a brick carving "thepainting of Guo Ziyis birthday", next to which is a clay dragon wall. In thenorth, there is the Phoenix Pavilion of "Dongtianfudi" and in the south, thereis "bieyoutian". On the wall, there are stone tablets such as "records ofrebuilding the inner garden", recording the history of the inner garden.

各位游客，大家好!我是你们的导游，大家可以叫我小X。欢迎大家到八达岭观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

游客们，在我们眼前的就是著名的八达岭长城。长城是世界闻名的八大奇迹之一，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，足足有一万三千多里长，像一条长龙盘旋在中国北方辽阔的土地上。它不仅是古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧的结晶，还是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。

游客们，现在我们已经登上了长城，您可以发现，这里是人山人海，所以各位要小心谨慎，以免发生意外。现在您向远处看，就可以发现这里的长城分为南北两峰，蜿蜒盘旋于山脊上，景色十分壮观。这高大坚固的长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。我们站在城墙顶上，您会发现这里像很宽的马路，可供五六匹马并行。现在请到我这边来，看到我身后这成排的垛子了吗?它有着两米多高，上面有瞭望口和射口，可供瞭望和射击用。现在让我们把目光转移，那高高的城台叫烽火台，它分为两层，上面是瞭望台，下层驻扎着许多士兵。士兵们一旦发现敌人，就点燃烽火，将消息传到远方。可见，烽火台在当时的军事中有着多么重要的作用。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，您一定会自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民。我们单看这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手，一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，才凝结成前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城。

现在让我来给您讲一个关于长城的故事。传说，有一对夫妻，男的叫范喜良，女的叫孟姜女，在他们结婚时，秦始皇召集百万民夫修筑长城，范喜良也被抓去了。孟姜女在家里苦苦等待夫君，日复一日，年复一年，孟姜女始终没有等到夫君。于是，孟姜女来到长城脚下万里寻夫。不料夫君早已成了一堆白骨，悲伤之下，孟姜女哭倒了长城，自己也成了望夫石。这就是《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。您听了这个故事，是不是对长城有了新的认识了呢?

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to Lingshan, Tangshan. Im your guide.

Lingshan tourist area is located in the hinterland of Beijing, Tianjin andQin Dynasty. It is located in Caiyuan Town, Qianan City, Hebei Province. It isone of the eight scenic spots in Tangshan. Lingshan is famous for its beautifulmountains, secluded scenery, strange peaks, strange stones and water.

This magical scenic spot contains rich myths and historical legends. It issaid that Lingshan is the place where Nvwas mother made up the stone of heaven.In the past, Gonggongs head touched the mountain of Buzhou, the pillars ofheaven were broken, the earth was vast, the sky tilted to the northwest, and theearth sank to the southeast. In order to save the world. In this area, 36501pieces of wucaishi were used to fill the sky. When mending the sky, its handshadow turns into five peaks, so Lingshan is also called Wufeng mountain.

After mending heaven, some waste rocks and water wells for mending heavenwere abandoned at the foot of Lingshan mountain. Nature has created four uniquesceneries, six landscapes and wonders, which are really various, ingenious,lifelike and interesting.

It is said that if you touch a longevity stone, you will live longer; ifyou touch a hidden gem, you will attract wealth; if you strike a harmoniousstone, you will be harmonious; if you step on a wisdom stone, you will be happy.From then on, the well was not filled with water and dried up in winter andsummer, while the middle well was less than two feet deep and less than threefeet in diameter. It did not dry up for a long time and did not overflow withrain. It was warm in winter and cool in summer, just like Qiongjiang Yuye. Oftendrink this water, good for health, for Lingshan a great impasse, so Wufengmountain also known as Lingshan. The lotus pond is nine steps away from thewell, where all the water from the well is gathered. The lotus in the pool ismoistened by fairy water, graceful and refined. It is proud of others, just likea gentleman.

It is said that Duke Huan of Qi, who was a soldier of Guzhu, mistakenlylost himself in the ancient times. Fortunately, he led to the dry sea andstationed at the foot of Lingshan. In memory of the old horse who knew his way,he named the Fangdi as maguanying, and planted three white fruit trees, one ofwhich still exists. Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, whip mountain to thenorth, the mountains are northbound trend, Lingshan face south, become one ofLingshan scenic spots. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, visitedthis place during his expedition to the Liao Dynasty. He saw the wonderfulscenery of Lingshan spring. He built the Baita temple and built it into atemple, which was worshipped at four seasons. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynastyvisited Lingshan in the north and inscribed a plaque with the title of"beautiful Lingshan" to show the world. He called the scenery of Lingshan thecrown of Jingdong scenery.

Lingshan is famous for its beautiful scenery, strange peaks and rocks, andthe spirit of spring and water. It is said that those who live in Lingshan willlive longer. There are six monks in Baita Temple who are less than 90 years old,and the elders are more than 100 years old. It is said that the White Snake andthe green snake were trained to be immortals in this mountain and went to meetXu immortals. Because of the flood, the White Snake was put under the LeifengTower. Green snake had no choice but to dive back to Lingshan and continue topractice. In order to test her skill, she used her sword to chop a huge stone,which still exists today. Green snake gongman went to Hangzhou again, knockeddown Leifeng Pagoda and rescued white snake. The original white pagoda templededicated to the snake fairy hall. The cave where snake immortals practice andlive is still in existence, which has become one of the wonders of Lingshan.

Lingshan is actually a famous scenic spot in the north, with scenery stepby step and wonders everywhere. Although tourists were once left out in the coldbecause of the wars in the past dynasties, the five finger peaks stand in thesouth, the strange rocks stand as before, the search for abandoned rocks isstill firm, and the sound of Xianquan waterfall is still the same. The scenicspots of Dishui Guanyin cave are various. The scenic spots of Dishui Guanyincave are very dangerous. The winding path back to the Dragon Cave is wonderful.The flying stones are mysterious. The fairy ribbon shows the wonders of theworld.

Well, tourists, Lingshan is here to explain. Thank you for yoursupport!

Ladies and gentlemen, as the oldest and largest millennium old temple inHangzhou, Lingyin Temple is the most famous temple in Hangzhou. Lingyin Templepays attention to the open Mountain Gate to show off its Dharma. However, themagnificent Lingyin Temple is hidden in the dense forest of the West Lake. Evenin front of the temple, the name of Lingyin Temple can not be found. If you wantto understand the reason, I have to briefly introduce the history of LingyinTemple.

Lingyin Temple, founded in the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has ahistory of more than 1600 years. It is the largest jungle temple in Hangzhou andone of the top ten ancient temples in China. There is always a saying amongBuddhist believers that "the pilgrimage to Putuo must first go through Lingyin".According to the records of Lingyin Temple, in 326 ad, a monk named Huili cameto India. Seeing the picturesque landscape and jagged rocks here, it is verysimilar to the lingjiu mountain in India. It was thought that it was the placewhere the spirits were hidden. For a moment, it built a temple here and named itLingyin

Ladies and gentlemen, now we are in front of the first Hall of Lingyin, theheavenly king hall. Look at the two horizontal plaques hanging under the doubleeaves of the main hall. One of the plaques is mentioned by Huang yuanxiu, afamous Buddhist calligrapher in modern times, and the other is written byEmperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. Why did Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynastychange "Lingyin Temple" into "Yunlin Temple"? According to the records ofLingyin Temple, in the 28th year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi,accompanied by master Dihui, the abbot of the temple, ascended the north peak ofthe temple in the early morning. The temple was shrouded in the morning fog. Infront of the temple, the Yunlin forest was deserted and quiet. When he came backto the temple, he felt the scene and feelings, quoting Du Fus saying "the endof Jianghan, the end of Yunlin" In his poem "Cao", he wrote down "Yunlin Temple"and gave it to the temple. However, for more than 300 years, people in Hangzhouhave never acknowledged the change of Kangxis name, and they still call it"Lingyin Temple".

The two Scripture buildings in front of Tianwang hall, carved in the secondyear of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty, are the relics of Fengxian Temple,the family temple of the king of Wu and Yue. They were moved here by Yingshan inthe Song Dynasty. The scripture buildings are also called stone buildings. Theyare stone pillars engraved with the living Sutra mantra of the Buddhas name.They are ancient Buddhist symbols. They are used to suppress evil spirits andpray for blessings. Please follow me to visit them.

Since its establishment, Lingyin Temple has been destroyed and built 14times. In history, the largest scale of Lingyin Temple was in Wu and Yuedynasties. At that time, the whole temple had 9 floors, 18 pavilions, 72 halls,more than 1300 monk rooms and more than 3000 monks. Emperor Kangxi of the QingDynasty made six trips to the south of the Yangtze River and four tours toLingyin Temple. Emperor Qianlong also made six trips to Lingyin Temple, whichshows the status of Lingyin Temple at that time. Unfortunately, the LingyinTemple was seriously damaged by natural and man-made disasters. Especiallyduring the Anti Japanese War, most of the buildings were reduced to ashes. Afterthe founding of new China, the party and government carried out threelarge-scale restoration of Lingyin Temple. Now there are five main halls on thecentral axis of Lingyin Temple, including Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall,pharmacist hall, Dharma hall, sutra collection building and Huayan hall. On bothsides, there are eastern and Western Zen rooms, stele rooms, Abbots courtyardand five hundred arhat halls. It has realized Lingyins dream of "returning themagnificence of the spirit vulture and restoring the beautiful scenery of themountain".

Explanation of the palace of the eight Heavenly Kings (2 minutes and 10seconds)

Please look up. There is a plaque of "Weizhen Sanzhou" on the temple ofheavenly king. According to ancient mythology, Xumi mountain is the center ofthe world. There are four continents in its four directions: Dongsheng Shenzhou,nanzhanbuzhou, xiniuhezhou and beijuluzhou. It is said that the north is thepure land, so Weituo only needs three continents in the East and southwest ofWeizhen.

Dear tourists, what we are seeing now is the "happy Maitreya" woodenstatue. He is the first pillar of incense to welcome pilgrims with his barechest and open stomach. He is teaching us a kind of wisdom of life:broad-minded, tolerant, contented, healthy and long-lived. There are fourheavenly kings on both sides of the hall, commonly known as the "four KingKong".

Holding Qingfeng sword is the king of growth guarding the south. "Feng" and"Feng" are homonymous. Growth means that all living beings can grow good roots.Holding the sword is to protect the Dharma from infringement. The one who playsthe lute is the king of the East. The lute has no strings and needs to be tuned.He wants to use music to influence all living beings and convert them toBuddhism. Duowen heavenly king, who guards the north, holds an umbrella liketreasure house to show "rain". He is not only the God of Dharma protection, butalso the God of wealth of Buddhism. He uses the treasure house to subdue thedemons and protect the property of all living beings. He is the leader of thedragons, and the dragons must obey him. These four majestic four heavenly kingsare not only the patrons of Buddhism, but also the spokesmen of the good wishesof the common people.

On the back of Maitreya is the Bodhisattva Weituo with a magic wand. He isone of the Eight Generals of the southern growth heavenly king, ranking firstamong the 32 generals. It is said that Sakyamunis relic was once robbed by thedemon king. Wei Tuo was not afraid of difficulties and tried hard to recover it.Therefore, in Buddhist temples, most of the statues of Wei Tuo face the Buddhastatue of Sakyamuni in the main hall, which means to protect the Buddha andexpel the evil spirits. The statue of Wei Tuo, 2.5 meters high, was carved froma whole piece of camphor wood in the early Southern Song Dynasty. Ladies andgentlemen, there are two ways for the Chinese Bodhisattva Weituo to hold themagic wand in Chinese Temples: one is to hold his hands together and hold thewand horizontally on his wrist; the other is to hold the wand with one hand.There are different ways to take the magic pestle, and the meaning is alsodifferent. If Wei Tuo seems to be holding a pestle with both hands, it meansthat this is a reception temple, and monks can eat and sleep for free. If WeiTuo holds a pestle on the ground, it means that this place is not a receptiontemple. From the posture of Wei Tuo in Lingyin Temple, this is a non receptiontemple.

Explain the nine main hall (4 minutes and 5 seconds)

Dear tourists, the majestic building in front of us is the great hall."Daxiong" means all the fearless warriors. It is the honorific name of Sakyamuniby ancient Hindus. Therefore, believers call the main hall where Buddha statuesare worshipped as the main hall. The main hall was built in the second year ofXuantong of Qing Dynasty. It is a triple eaves Xieshan building, 33.6 metershigh, only 0.1 meters lower than Tiananmen tower. This "wonderful and solemnrealm" is inscribed by famous calligrapher Zhang Zongxiang, and "Da Xiong BaoDian" is the leader of the calligraphy hall, which was written by ChangshaMenghai of the former Xiling society.

On both sides of the hall are two gold pagodas built in the first year ofJianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty. It has eight sides and nine floors, onwhich are engraved the stories of Bodhisattvas and Buddhist scriptures. Togetherwith the two scriptures in front of the gate of Tianwang hall, it is the oldestrelic of Lingyin temple and listed as a provincial cultural protection unit.

Now, please follow me into the hall. Look, on the lotus stone seat in themiddle is the statue of Sakyamuni. It is said that he was the son of Kinggujingfan in the northern part of ancient India, formerly known as GautamaSiddhartha. He was born in the 6th-5th century BC. At the age of 29, he wasdeeply moved by the pain of life, aging, illness and death. He abandoned thelife of the royal family and became a monk. After six years of hard practice, atthe age of 35, he "achieved Tao" under the bodhi tree of Bodhisattva Kaya andfounded Buddhism, which is said to free all living beings from suffering. He washonored as Sakyamuni by Buddhist disciples, which means "sage of Sakyamuni" and"sage of Sakyamuni".

This Buddha statue was conceived and designed by Professor Deng Bai of EastChina branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts in 1953 when Lingyin Temple wasrebuilt. It is based on the famous Zen sculpture of Tang Dynasty. The SculptureDepartment of East China branch of Central Academy of fine arts and folk artistsof Dongyang wood carving factory jointly created it. The whole Buddha statue iscarved from 24 pieces of camphor wood. It is 19.6 meters high, and the totalheight of xumizuo stone foundation is 24.8 meters. The whole body is coveredwith gold, sharing 86 taels of gold. It is the largest camphor wood statue inChina. The Buddhas head leans slightly forward, his eyes gaze, and his righthand is slightly raised, as if he was preaching to the pilgrims. The Buddha sitson the lotus platform. The lotus flower is holy, pure and fragrant, and comesout of the mud without dyeing. The spiral hair of the Buddha is sky blue,symbolizing that it is level with the sky. There are two "white spots" betweenthe forehead and eyebrows, one of the thirty-two statues of the Buddha. The"white hair with light" represents good luck. The mirror behind the head iscalled "mani mirror", symbolizing wisdom and brightness; There is an umbrellalike cover on the top of the Buddha, which is called tiangai. It is decoratedwith national jewelry, also known as "Baogai".

Please look at the 20 standing statues on the East and west sides of thehall. They are called twenty heavens. They were originally twenty gods whopunished evil and protected good in ancient Indian mythology. Buddhism adoptedtheir theory as the gods who protected Buddhism. The goddess with children onthe east side is the ghost mother God, whose name seems not good. It is truethat the ghost mother God was originally an evil god who ate children. Later,inspired by Sakyamuni, she converted to Buddhism, "lay down the butchers knifeand become a Buddha on the spot", and transformed from an evil god into a goodGod who specialized in protecting children. Twenty days after entering China,they have been sinicized. Many of the clothes they wear are imitations of thecivil and military officials of the feudal dynasty of our country.

At the back of the hall, there are twelve statues of sitting down. They arethe twelve great disciples of the Buddha. Among the people, they are called"Twelve predestined senses", which means people who are fully enlightened likethe Buddha. It is said that the present Buddhist scriptures are compiled by themaccording to Sakyamunis sermons and his own opinions. The layout of the mainhall with twelve senses is very rare in temples all over the country.

欢迎到金山岭长城观光旅游。也许您每天都会在中央电视台《新闻联播》前的国歌声中，看到长城的雄姿。那就是金山岭长城。金山岭长城，位于河北省滦平县与北京市密云县交界处，距北京市133公里，距承德市87公里，西起龙峪口，东至望京楼，全长10.5公里，沿线设有大小关隘5处、敌楼67座、烽火台2座。1981年1月被国务院定为全国重点文物保护单位，1991年被国家定为一级旅游景点、国家级风景区，并于1987年被联合国教科文组织确定为世界文化遗产。

“万里长城，金山独秀。”

就让我们一起去观赏被专家们誉为万里长城中最精彩的一段——金山岭长城吧。

（停车场至砖垛口的路上）

北齐天保七年（556年）金山岭一带最早出现了长城，由北齐的第一个皇帝高洋下令修建，主要是为了阻挡北方柔然等游牧民族对北齐的进攻，保证边境的安全。当时的长城为土石结构，单调低矮。十五世纪中叶，北方蒙古族的鞑靼、朵颜等部落，看到明王朝国力逐渐衰弱，就乘机南侵，威胁京都。为了保证京都的安全，明王朝决定重修这段对京都有着重要意义的长城。隆庆元年（1567年）秋天，明穆宗朱载垕将抗倭名将戚继光由南方调到北方，担任蓟镇总兵，负责包括金山岭长城在内的600公里的长城沿线的防务。但戚继光初到北方时，是有职无权，他先是想训练一支北方的“戚家军”，由于朝中有人阻挠而未能实现。非常现实的戚继光在求“攻”不得的情况下改为“守”。隆庆二年（1568年），戚继光到蓟州上任后，马上到长城沿线巡查，他发现蓟镇长城都比较低薄，在许多险要的地段，只有单墙，而且有不少地方已经坍塌。这样的长城，根本不符合作战的需要。于是他上报朝廷，要求加固和扩建蓟镇长城。隆庆三年（1569年），戚继光的弟弟戚继美率一支沂州兵到蓟镇戍守。戚继光奏请朝廷后，让这支部队在金山岭驻扎下来，负责搞示范工程。戚继美带领沂州士兵，在金山岭上修长城、筑敌台。7座最早的空心敌台在金山岭的长城沿线上建立起来，蓟镇长城的加固、扩建工程全面顺利展开。在戚继光任职的十六年间，基本完成了这一浩大的工程。以后几十年的时间里，明王朝又不断调兵修缮，使之成为一道城墙高耸、战垒林立、能攻能守的坚固防线。

戚继光在修建长城过程中，依据“因地制宜，用险制塞”的建筑思想，山势低矮处，加高城墙，山势高峻处，修建敌楼，个别地方加修了障墙、支墙、挡马墙，全部为砖石结构或砖石木结构，使这段长城设施完备、构筑牢固、布局严谨、可攻可守。经专家鉴定，金山岭长城是我国万里长城的精华之所在。

障墙、文字砖、挡马墙，被誉为金山岭长城的“三绝”。

（砖垛口）

砖垛口，清代史料称为“砖垛关”，一般是游人登临长城的第一站。

砖垛口始建于明初洪武年间，隆庆年间由戚继光主持重修，高2.3米，宽1.6米，西距古北口4公里。虽然规模不大，但其战略位置十分重要，历来为兵家必争之地。从砖垛口一带发现的火炮、石礌、铁蛋丸、箭头等武器来看，明朝时这里的战事是十分频繁的。1933年，张学良的部队曾在这里与日本侵略军进行过激烈的战斗。1948年夏天，北京解放前夕，我们的解放军强攻古北失利，就从砖垛口和龙峪口等关口突破，包抄了古北口反动派守军的后路，很快攻下了古北口。

（砖垛口至东方台）

细心的朋友会在长城上发现一些独特有趣的东西。

我们脚下的马道，由方砖铺面，可容六、七人并行。坡度大的地方，又用砖砌成了梯形台阶，走起来十分方便，又不致于滑倒。这些地方的城墙有里外两层，里面一层高1.5米，叫宇墙，又叫女儿墙，外面一层高2米，叫垛口墙。在垛口墙上，每隔一米多远便设一个垛口，供士兵射击来犯之敌。在宇墙和垛口墙，设有上、中、下三层射击孔，可供士兵采取站、跪、卧三种姿势射击敌人。大家注意一下，每个垛口都有一个小洞，它有两个作用：一是插军旗助威，或以旗来传递信号；二是明代从国外引进了一种叫佛郎枪的武器，佛郎枪下面有轴，把轴插在小洞内，可转动做扇面射击。在垛口墙贴近马道的地方，每隔二三米便有一个砖砌排水沟，排水沟靠内侧一端设有吐水嘴，防止排泄出去的水冲刷侵蚀墙体；靠外侧一端修有礌石孔，也叫悬眼，用来施放礌石，打击敌人。这些都是金山岭长城建筑的独到之处。

（东方台）

大家熟悉的中央电视台《新闻联播》之前的片头语长城和“传承文明，开拓创新”广告语的背景长城，都是在这里拍摄的。自1986年金山岭长城开放以来，先后有100多部影视的剧组和许多广告单位来金山岭取景。这是长城的骄傲，更是金山岭的骄傲。

金山岭长城开放以来，党和国家的领导人多次前来视察，先后有130多个国家和地区的驻华使节观光游览。北京丽都、王府、凯宾斯基等几十家大饭店多次在这里举办越野攀登、烟花晚会、篝火晚会等文体娱乐活动。1998年9月，来自13个国家的“雷励远征计划”活动的160多人在此举行大型酒会，热烈的气氛、圆满的结果，更是把金山岭长城的名字传到了五湖四海。

1992年11月15日11点35分，当身穿鲜红色摩托服的“亚洲飞人”柯受良驾驶着白色雅玛哈250型摩托车，凌空一跃，金山岭长城就随着几百只白鸽和无数支彩球飞进了全世界人民的心中。我们西侧的西方台就是当年柯受良飞跃长城的地方。1995年10月6日，一对瑞典青年也在那里按中国风俗举办了隆重的婚礼。他们希望自己的婚姻能够像长城一样牢固可靠。

好了，我们继续前行。

大家看前面山脊上那截特殊的长城，它叫支墙，在长城的其他地方是难得一见的。它与前面的库房楼相通，是库房楼的第一道防线。遇有敌人入侵，支墙上的守军与敌人率先交火，万一抵挡不住，可凭借支墙边打边退，直到撤至库房楼。

支墙北面200米的两侧山头上，各有一座圆形的墩台，那就是烽火台，也叫烽燧，是古时候传递军情或报警使用的。一旦有情况，白天放烟，称为燧；夜里点火，称为烽。

（障墙）

这种障墙，是金山岭长城特有的设施，修在敌楼附近，横着在马道上筑起一道道短墙，高2.5米左右，长大约是马道宽的三分之二，形同一道道的屏障。障墙上有了望孔和射击孔，一旦敌人攻上长城，守军可据守障墙，进行抵抗和反击。怎么样，金山岭长城的设计够完善的吧？

Hangzhou is a beautiful city, is one of the seven ancient capitals in China, is also the capital of zhejiang province, has long been the folk known as "paradise on earth". Hangzhou has a long history, since warlords set qiantang county, has 2200 years of history. Hangzhou is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization. As early as 4700 years ago, humans thrive here, and generate the liangzhu culture is known as the dawn of civilization.

Hangzhou was the five dynasties and the southern song dynasty two generations of its capital, is one of the seven ancient capitals in China.

Hangzhou called money don. The sui dynasty huang nine years (589) waste county down money, hangzhou, hangzhou in the name of first appeared in history. The southern song dynasty built three years (1129), Gao Zongna crossing to hangzhou, rise to linan hangzhou mansion. Eight years (1138) the southern song dynasty shaoxing formal its capital linan, lasted more than 140 years. The first year of the republic of China (1912) to the original, benevolence and county and hangzhou qiantang county. Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927), precipitation and hangzhou county city of hangzhou, hangzhou city beginning this. On May 3, 1949, hangzhou liberation, from now on developing new history in hangzhou.

Hangzhou uptown and downtown, Jiang Gan, GongShu, west lake, high (binjiang) eight, xiaoshan, yuhang district, building heart, fuyang, linan three county-level cities, tonglu, ChunAn 2 counties. The citys total area of 16596 square kilometers, of which the urban area of 3068 square kilometers. Hangzhou probably around 6.6 million population, is also Chinas population density is one of the big cities, whats more, every day there are thousands of tourists come here to travel.

Because hangzhou has a long history, rich culture and material heritage.

Is one of the earliest origin, hangzhou name by yu ever shed hang on here as a water conservancy, hangzhou is the ark, the meaning of ship, the posterity called hangzhou yu hang then, dont know from when, why, people call yu hangzhou yuhang, so far there are still in hangzhou yuhang this place name, the qing dynasty was one of the biggest grievance "Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage" story took place in yuhang.

The tang dynasty and song dynasty famous poet bai juyi poetry su shi, has office in hangzhou, perpetual west lake landscape masterpiece of masterpieces, write down a lot of popular, may today.

Hangzhou development to now such prosperity, the largest contributor of the kingdom of wu yue. Builder - nearby lutetium, his condition was advantagious policy, make Chinas land has a piece of land to recuperate in the war. Kingdom, hangzhou culture construction in the sculpture art achievements, klippe statues is one of the masterpiece.

Northern song dynasty time, already became the first state in the southeast of hangzhou, not to mention the southern song dynasty, the central government in the capital, hangzhou became the largest city in the world at the time, the worlds first metropolis. Song room south crossing, the artists gathered in hangzhou, greatly promoted the prosperity here. In the yuan dynasty, Italian Marco Polo sent a heartfelt sigh, said that hangzhou is "the most beautiful and elegant city in the world", this is the highest praise to the city.

Ming and qing dynasties, hangzhou as the most prosperous city jiangnan, not only celebrities, and special economic boom, as on of the biggest cities in the plain of hangzhou, because the traffic is convenient, the trade is very convenient, one of the most representative character is red top businessman, hu xueyan.

Hangzhou can use four sentences, sixteen words to sum up: a paradise on earth, the silk mansion, tea city, the city of delicacies.

Said that hangzhou is a paradise on earth that can branch half with the false, the ancients cloud: above there is heaven, below there are suzhou and hangzhou. Compared in hangzhou is a paradise on earth, generations of scholars are also to the paradise city left many familiar chapters.

Officials and scholars praise the beauty of hangzhou, the United States in the west lake, the famous tang dynasty poet bai juyi once said: the west lake 36, on the most beautiful in hangzhou. Place called west lake under the sun too much, but not a city are comparable to those obtained with the west lake in hangzhou west lake. So is the heart of hangzhou west lake, from the tang dynasty bai juyi, su dongpo song dynasty, five dynasties money Yang Mengying lutetium, Ming dynasty, new west lake to now, only the beautiful west lake, is the beauty of hangzhou, only there are so many scholars praise poem, there are so many flood of visitors.

When it comes to water in hangzhou, have to say to the beijing-hangzhou grand canal. The beijing-hangzhou grand canal, 1794 km, while the spring and autumn period and the prince was the first to build the Han ditch, but the real digging is emperor yangdi period, all roughly until the yuan dynasty. This article through the Beijing, tianjin, hebei, shandong, jiangsu, zhejiang 4 provinces and two cities of artificial canal, communicate the Yangtze river, Yellow River, haihe river, huaihe river, the qiantang river, the five water system, also for the this city at the end of the grand canal brought infinite prosperity and development.

Hangzhou qiantang river is a main river, originated in huangshan mountain, the thousand island lake xin an river flows all the way to the southeast, due to the qiantang river estuary is a bell mouth, affected by the moon, every lunar calendar is a form of the spectacular qiantang river tide in mid-august.

Have since ancient times, jiangnan silk, suzhou and hangzhou silk is famous around the world, hangzhou outside of mulberry Lin illustrates this point more, in ancient times, silk clothing is noble and representatives of senators today, from the silk dress, silk quilt, to silk umbrella into the folk, for the majority of the people, and all sorts of hangzhou silk products are one of the representative.

Tea are found everywhere in China, but in the green tea, longjing quality, only hangzhou west lake, "tiger springs with longjing tea" that is hangzhous double. , the first top ten green tea, longjing tea is not wave get hollow reputation, west lake longjing tea to green color, fragrant, green, form beauty is famous for its "four unique". Into a flat without tea, smooth and well-balanced, yellowish green; Bubble is in the cup, the buds into a flower, a flag one gun, photograph is unripe brightness, bud bud upright, lifelike; If relapsed, lofty lasting; Looked bright, flavor pleasant delicacy. People kua call it "gold bud", "unique", has become a national senior gift of tea. Of so hangzhou is also known as "tea".

Hangzhou cuisines, the now famous all over the country, many dishes are all familiar: dongpo pork, west lake vinegar fish, song putting fish soup, dry Fried ring, beggars chicken, Fried shrimps with longjing tea, and so on. The building outside the building might be the most familiar restaurant. And every dish has its own a beautiful legend!

Hangzhou many historical figures: the establishment of The Three Kingdoms wu sun quan, the inventor of the movable type printing was used, the MengXi writing, "shen kua, the author of the Ming dynasty gold star Yu Qian resistance, etc., and worked here and one of the most famous is bai juyi, su shi, yue fei, etc., all adds infinite charm for hangzhou landscapes.

Attractions in addition to the west lake in hangzhou, and bamboo diameter, linyin temple, six harmonies pagoda, the cloud nine streams 18 bay, YueMiao, residence of hu xueyan, Wan Song academy, songcheng, etc., many scenic spots. These spots are filled with beautiful legends, and among them the white niang son and her husband, liang shan bo and zhu yingtai, su xiaoxiao and ruanyu, Eva and flower gu story makes hangzhou a love of all. Young lovers at dusk pacing slowly under the west lake, willows, steeped in the legend of the romantic and beautiful scenery, it will be how poetic! If you want to see how these legends real show in front of you, it is recommended that you can go to the songcheng see a good show!

As will be in hangzhou, zhejiang province, rapid economic development, there is little not the contribution of zheshang, wahaha, wanxiang group, juneyao group and so on. Hangzhou is a city of leisure, so has also become a consumer city, tea, bars, dance halls, casinos, restaurants, subway, crowing. The taxi is the best, the taxicabs, from modern to nissan, and even a Mercedes; The buses here is also the most beautiful, jinlong air-condition, Volvo, and antique sightseeing bus. The nightlife here also is very rich, bars, dance halls, clubs, and many are open 24 hours a day. Of course, the house price is very expensive here, to be able to see the west lake a little house of figure, can sell for 25000 yuan/square meters, so the consumption of hangzhou online is in addition to Shanghais most expensive city in eastern China.

Due to the transformation of the city, many figures of the old place already cant see, but hangzhou on protection and development of scenic spots still can. Todays hangzhou is a beautiful and modern city, high-rise buildings, elevated highway and mountains, the city will give you more surprise and sigh!

Hello, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Today, Id like toshow you the big wild goose pagoda, the landmark of Xian.

When it comes to the big wild goose pagoda, I think your first impressionmust be related to the story of Monk Tang in Pilgrimage to the West. In history,Monk Tang is a real person, and its also true. The bronze statue we see now isthe Tang monk. His common surname is Chen. He was born in Yanshi, Henan Provincetoday. His parents died early. When he was 13, he converted to Buddhism. At theage of 20, he was given a full precept in Chengdu. He had traveled all over theworld and visited famous teachers. In the process of his hard study of Buddhism,he felt that there were many different opinions about Buddhism and there was noway to understand it. So he came up with the idea of seeking Dharma in India. Inthe early Tang Dynasty, he came to India with a large number of businessmen. Ittook him 20__ years to travel more than 100000 miles through more than 100countries and regions. It can be said that he had passed the Gobi desert where"there are no birds on the top and no animals on the bottom", passed through theflame mountain, and "cooking by hanging kettle and lying on ice". With thisamazing perseverance, he overcame all kinds of difficulties and arrived in IndiaThere are 657 Buddhist scriptures. In 20__ of Tang Zhenguan, he returned toChangan. Lets look at this bronze statue. Tang Monk holds a staff in one handand bows in the other hand. His eyes are bright. His pace is calm and hisexpression is firm. He seems to be walking on the long road of learning Buddhistscriptures.

[Cien Temple - Mountain Gate - Bell and Drum Tower - Daxiong Hall - titleof wild goose pagoda]

Next, well visit dacien temple. The former name of dacien temple is "WulouTemple". Wulou means no worries. When Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi was the crownprince of Tang Dynasty, in order to recommend Ming Fu to his mother, empressWende, who passed away, and cherish his mothers great kindness, he rebuilt andexpanded the temple here and renamed it dacien temple. Now we come to the gateof dacien temple. The main gate of the temple is called Shanmen, which is alsocalled Sanmen. The empty gate in the middle, Wuzuo gate and Wuxiang gate on theleft and right sides respectively, symbolize the three liberation gates ofBuddhism. The plaque on the gate is a few big characters of "dacien Temple"written by Comrade __ himself.

Walking into the temple, we can see two small buildings. To the East is thebell tower. Inside is an iron bell cast in the Jiaqing period of the MingDynasty. It weighs 30000 Jin. The patterns, patterns and words on the bell areclearly visible. The front of the bell body is engraved with the words "morningbell of wild goose pagoda". For a long time, "the morning bell of the wild goosepagoda" has been regarded as one of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong. To thewest is the drum tower, in which there is a big drum. The bell and drum are thelarge-scale magic weapons of the temple, which are basically used to tell thetime. Monks wake up and sleep when they smell the bell and the drum everyday.

As we go on, what we see is the central building of the whole temple, whichis called Daxiong hall. "Daxiong" is the honorific name for Sakyamuni, in whichSakyamunis three body Buddha is worshipped. First of all, we can see that themiddle one is called Dharma Buddha viluzana Buddha, which means the pure body ofBuddha nature. On the left side is the Bodhisattva Buddha lushana Buddha, whichmeans the body of Buddhas fruit is perfect. On the right side is the BuddhaSakyamuni Buddha refers to all changeable bodies, and refers to the body of allliving beings. On both sides of the statue are the disciples of the Buddha, withKaya in the East and Ananda in the West. There are also statues of ManjusriBodhisattva and Puxian Bodhisattva on both sides.

On the west wall of Daxiong hall, there are several steles of "Yan TA TiMing Ji". The "Yan TA Ti Ming Ji" began in the Tang Dynasty, which is a verypopular custom in the Tang Dynasty. That is to say, as long as the candidatesare admitted to the new imperial examinations, they have to come to the Yan TAfor inscription. They feel that it is a very glorious thing to be able toinscribe under the Yan TA, and they feel that climbing on the Yan TA has beenpromoted step by step since then Qingyun, poet Bai Juyi of Tang Dynasty, wrote apoem after he was admitted as a scholar in the examination, saying: "theyoungest of the seventeen people is at the title under the tower of mercy".

[Fatang - name of Dayan Pagoda - construction and cultural relics of DayanPagoda - Xuanzang Sanzang academy]

Next, lets visit the Dharma hall, which is usually a Buddhist preachingplace. In Qujiang tourist area, the place we can also visit is equivalent to ourcurrent classroom. In the Dharma hall, Amitabha, who is in charge of the WesternParadise, is worshipped. On the east wall of the Dharma hall, there are threerubbings. The middle one is "the picture of Xuanzangs collection", whichdescribes Xuanzang carrying scriptures and hanging street lamps in front, Onboth sides of the rubbings are yuancha and peep Ji, two of Xuanzangs disciples.Yuancha is the grandson of Xinluo state, peep Ji is the nephew of Yuchi Gong, afamous general in the early Tang Dynasty. Both of them worship Xuanzang as theirteacher, which shows Xuanzangs great reputation at that time.

We can see the big wild goose pagoda behind the Dharma hall. Here I wouldlike to introduce the origin of the name of the great wild goose pagoda. Firstof all, it is called "Gensuo" in the western regions and "Yan" in the TangDynasty, so the name of the wild goose pagoda is pronounced in Sanskrit

In the early days of Buddhism, there were two schools: Mahayana andHinayana. Mahayana Buddhism abstained from eating meat, while Hinayana did not.There is a monastery in mogatuo. The monks of the monastery believe in HinayanaBuddhism. One day, when noon is coming, the monks are hungry, and lunch has notbeen settled yet. They complain very much. One monk sees a group of wild geeseflying by in the air, and says jokingly: "we monks havent eaten meat for manydays. If the Bodhisattva has spirit, we should know our predicament! As soon asthe voice falls, we see that the monks of the leading monastery are in troubleNo meat for dinner. At this time, a group of geese flew by in the sky. A monklooked at the geese and said to himself, "today there is no meat in the monksroom. The merciful Bodhisattva will never forget what day it is." Before thevoice fell, the leading goose folded its wings and fell to the ground. The monkswere shocked and realized that the Tathagata tried to educate them. They kneltdown and buried the goose in the courtyard. He built a pagoda and named itYanta. From then on, he changed his belief to Mahayana instead of eating meat.This is the name of Yanta. The word "big" is added in front of the word "wildgoose pagoda". First, the building of the pagoda is magnificent; second, thelater Jianfu Temple Pagoda is also called the wild goose pagoda. In order todistinguish it, it is called the big wild goose pagoda and the small wild goosepagoda.

The Dayan Pagoda was first built in the third year of Yonghui reign ofEmperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. It was designed and built by master Xuanzanghimself, and it took two years to complete. At first, the wild goose pagoda wasfive stories, 180 feet high. Later, it was seriously damaged. When Wu Zetiancame, it was rebuilt into seven stories. People often say that "saving one lifeis better than building a seven level putu". Probably from this, the big wildgoose pagoda is a masterpiece of Buddhist art in China with its simple shape andmagnificent momentum. There are stairs in the tower to spiral up. The brickniches on the East and west sides of the South Gate of the tower are inlaid withthe stele of preface to the three Tibetan holy religions of the Tang Dynastywritten by Emperor Taizong Li Shimin and the stele of preface to the threeTibetan holy religions of the Tang Dynasty written by Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi.Both steles were written by Chu suiliang, a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty,and are known as "two saints and three unique steles".

Next, we will visit "Xuanzang Sanzang courtyard", which is a group ofimitative Tang Dynasty buildings. The whole courtyard is composed of threeparts: Guangming hall in the West courtyard, dabianjue hall in the middlecourtyard and Prajna hall in the east courtyard. The brilliant life of masterXuanzang is divided into two stages and displayed to the world at threedifferent levels. The Guangming hall in the West courtyard shows the experienceand moving deeds of the master from his birth to his forty years old The contentof Prajna hall in Dongyuan is the grand welcome of master Xuanzangs going backto the east to get the Scriptures and encourage him to translate, spread andspread the Scriptures until his death, which is called "the stage of translatingand spreading the scriptures". The middle dabianjue Hall shows the religiousbackground of the historical event of "Xuanzangs going back to the East" with adeeper connotation.

[Dayan Pagoda North Square - Tang Furong Garden - Qujiang Ocean Museum -hanyao - Hu Hai tomb]

Dayan Pagoda has been the place of Qujiang since ancient times. Lets visitseveral other famous scenic spots in Qujiang tourist area.

First of all, lets visit the north square of the great wild goose pagoda.This is a theme square highlighting the great wild goose pagoda, the great CienTemple and the culture of the Tang Dynasty. It was built in 20__. It is composedof the fountain water scenic area, the relief scenic area of the Tang Dynasty,the East-West pedestrian street of the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang poetry gardenarea. It has the largest music fountain in Asia. It has become the "Cityreception hall" and "city card" of Xian.

Next, we come to Tang Furong garden. It was built on Tang Furong gardensite, completely imitating the architectural form of Tang Dynasty Royal Garden.It was built in 20__ and opened to tourists. It covers an area of 1000 mu, witha total investment of 1.3 billion yuan. There are many Tang style buildings,such as ziyunlou, Fengming Jiutian opera house, Luyu tea house, ladies hall,etc. it has the largest water screen film in the world. It is the first themepark in China to show the culture and style of the Tang Dynasty in an all-roundway, and is known as the "No.1 theme park of the Tang Dynasty in the world". InQujiang tourist area, we can visit Qujiang aquarium. It is the largest aquariumin Western China, covering an area of 90 mu with a total investment of 350million yuan. It is mainly composed of dolphin performance hall, Ocean ScienceMuseum, tropical rainforest Museum, undersea tunnel and underwater Grand ViewGarden. We can also visit hanyao, the place where the love story between XuePinggui and Wang Baochuan took place, and the tomb of Qin II Hu Hai, which wasburied as a civilian.

All right, my friends, this is the end of my explanation. Thank you!

各位团友：

大家好，我姓袁，是咱们这个团的导游，大家可以叫我袁导或小袁，谢谢。

现在我们游览的景点是闻名世界的八达岭长城。八达岭长城位于北京延庆县，是开放最早的一段长城，城墙全长3741米，八达岭长城的战略地位非常重要，所以此段长城修筑工程非常宏大，城墙高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。看，城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的嘹望口和射口。请大家看，这是嘹望口，主要作用是观察敌情;这是射口，主要用来射击，消灭敌人。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。城墙随着山峰的走势，蜿蜒起伏，如巨龙盘绕。

长城是我国古代劳动人民智慧和力量的象征，所以有句俗话说得好，“不到长城非好汉。”再告诉大家一个好消息：在新七大世界奇迹的评选中，长城以第一名的好成绩入选。这是我们所有中国人都值得骄傲和激动的事。让我们共同欢呼一下好吗?(游客欢呼)好的，谢谢。

我想大家都已迫不及待了吧?好的，我就不再罗嗦。只是强调几点注意事项，一、请大家注意安全，头手请不要伸出嘹望口和射口;二、请讲究卫生，不要乱扔果皮纸屑。好的，赶快行动吧。11点整在这里集合，我在这里等大家。祝大家玩得愉快!

亲爱的各位游客，你们好!今天我们游览气魄雄伟的长城，接下来让我给大家介绍一下吧。

远看长城，它像一条长龙，在崇山峻蛉之间蜿蜒盘旋，从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。

从北京出发，不过一百多里就来到长城脚下。这一段长城修筑在八达岭上，高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的，一块条石有两三千斤重。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。这么壮观、气魄雄伟的工程是秦朝的劳动人民用双手修筑而成的。

在有关长城的传说中，有《孟姜女哭长城》这个传说，传说聪明、美丽、勤劳的孟姜女与书生范喜良成婚三天三夜后，夫君范喜良被官兵捉去修筑长城。隆冬来临，孟姜女怕丈夫范喜良感冒，便为丈夫编织了一件棉衣。孟姜女带着棉衣千里迢迢来到长城，经打听后，却得知丈夫已经活活累死在长城下。孟姜女很伤心，她在长城一连哭了三天三夜，长城被她哭倒了八百多里。

好!就介绍到这里，希望大家玩得高兴、玩得尽情、玩得安全。让我们登上长城细细游赏吧!

In the north of China， there lies a 6，700-kilometer-long (4，161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China， it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world， the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.

Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction， and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant， such as Meng Jiangnu‘s story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu‘s story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC).

It tells of how Meng Jiangnu‘s bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu‘s husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure， so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately， by the time she reached the great wall， she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news， she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.

Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99，999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick，then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years.

After the completion of the project，one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.

In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall，there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si，who was very pretty. King You liked her very much， however Bao Si never smiled.

An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King‘s subjects， and might make the queen smile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou， King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus， King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.

Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall， many more stories were created and spread.

Dear tourists

Hello everyone! Welcome to Qufu, the Holy Land! Im Chen Kerun, your guide.Just call me Xiao Chen. Today, I will take you to visit the three famousConfucius: Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest. Confuciushas a famous saying: "is it a pleasure to have friends from afar?" I am veryhappy to be a tour guide. I will try my best to serve you well. If there are anyshortcomings, please point them out, and I will try my best to correct them!

The entrance to the Confucius Mansion can be divided into three roads: theEast Road has Yiguan hall, Musi hall, etc.; the west road is the place where theConfucius Mansion received distinguished guests and studied in those years,including Zhongshu hall, anhuatang, Huating hall, etc.; the middle road ismostly the main building of the Confucius Mansion, the first half of which isthe government office, and the second half is the inner house.

The Confucius Temple was originally the family temple of the Kong family.There are cypress trees planted by Confucius himself in the temple. The mainbuilding is Dacheng hall. In front of the hall are the famous Jiulong column andapricot altar. Later, because Confucius was respected, many feudal emperors camehere to worship him. Now, the annual "International Confucius Culture Festival"held by Jining Municipal government is also the prelude here.

Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius family. It is also thelongest and largest family cemetery in the world, covering an area of more than3000 mu. There are hundreds of trees and more than 100000 trees in the forest.Among the trees, there are many steles and stone statues, which are veryspectacular!

Well, now we can start free activities for three hours. You can visitfreely, play games, shop and so on. However, we must ensure hygiene and notlitter.

This is the end of the visit to San Kong. Thank you for your support. Ilook forward to your coming again!

Emperor Qianlong once said: if you knew there was Panshan, why go toJiangnan. However, today our family also appreciate the scenery of Panshan.

Panshan was first recorded in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the QingDynasty. It is a tourist resort with mountains and rivers, scenic spots andhistorical sites, Buddhist culture and royal culture. It is one of the top 15places of interest in China. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty visited Panshan 32times, and many literati left many famous quatrains here.

Early in the morning, we came to the foot of the mountain. Entering thegrand gate, we climbed up the mountain along the rugged path. Apricot trees onboth sides of the road are blooming with snow-white flowers, purple lilies andyellow jasmine flowers. At the corner of the mountain road, a strange stone inthe shape of a gold ingot caught my eye. On it was a strong big word: "here arelofty mountains, strange stones and strange pines." As we continue to walkforward, the mountain spring beside the road is clear and flows down themountain. We come to Tiancheng temple. There are two Ginkgo trees on the leftand on the right in the courtyard. They are tall, straight and towering into theclouds. It is said that they are more than 1000 years old. At this time, themountain road is more rugged and steep. Our grandparents, who are more than 70years old, walk with us, attracting the praise of many tourists. It also givesme more confidence to continue climbing. The deep bell of Wansong Templereverberates in the valley.

In order to pursue speed, I copied the path. I was caught in the middle ofthe stone crack. No matter how I broke free, I was still caught, and the more Ibroke free, the more I sank. At this time, a big brother came to see me pull meup. I just wanted to say thank you. The big brother has gone far away. Its abeautiful place with beautiful mountains, beautiful water and beautifulpeople.

Panshans beautiful scenery, clear water, waterfalls, different shapes ofmountains and rocks, deeply imprinted in my heart.

大家好!我是你们的小小导游，叫蔡露旸，今天就让我和大家一起游览八达岭长城吧!

大家都知道长城是我国21处世界文化遗产之一，它有着悠久的历史，是我国古代劳动人民的杰作。长城像一条巨龙似的穿过大海、高山、草原和沙漠，蜿蜒曲折，绵延万里。

请往前方看，八达岭长城就要到了。长城的外侧一面有两米多高的垛口墙，垛口墙上设有排列有序的瞭望口、射击口和礌石孔，它们分别是用来观看敌情、射击敌人和滚放礌石用的。瞧，右前方有个烽火台，在古代烽火台是用于屯兵的堡垒，也是万里长城最重要的部分之一。

下面给大家讲一个与长城有关的动人故事--《孟姜女哭长城》。

秦朝的时候，有位温柔贤惠的女子叫孟姜女。一天，她在自家的葡萄架下发现一个饥饿难耐的人，就把这个人救了。原来这个人是一位男子叫范喜良，秦始皇四处抓人修筑长城，范喜良是逃难流落到这里的。没想到孟姜女和范喜良一见倾心，准备成婚。婚事那天晚上，一群官兵闯了进来，二话不说把范喜良抓走，去修筑长城了。好事落了一场空，孟姜女日日夜夜不见自己的丈夫范喜良回来就决定外出找寻。当孟姜女千辛万苦走到长城脚下时得知自己的丈夫已被活活累死后，伤心地哭了三天三夜，凄厉的哭喊感动了天地，惊动了众神。顷刻间，一道闪电划破长空，一段长城被立刻击倒，把埋在长城脚下的范喜良的尸首露了出来。孟姜女终于捡到了日思夜想的丈夫，可范喜良再也不能睁眼见到心爱的孟姜女了。

好了，这个故事讲完了，大家准备下车攀登八达岭长城。不过，请大家记住几条：1、不要破坏公物;2、不要离开八达岭风景区，如果迷了路要尽快和我联系;3、要注意安全并保管好自己随身携带的物品，不要乱丢垃圾;4、记住集合时间和地点。祝大家攀登愉快!!

Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty is located at the foot of MountQomolangma in Dulong Fuwan, south of Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing. It is themausoleum of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and empress Ma Shi. It is thefirst batch of national key cultural relics protection units. This royalmausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, which has a history of more than 600 years, isfamous for its prominent owner, large scale, unique shape and beautifulenvironment. In 20__, the Ming Xiaoling was successfully declared as a worldheritage site, which made the Ming Xiaoling, which initiated the imperialmausoleum system of Ming and Qing Dynasties, become the focus of worldattention.

After more than 600 years of historical vicissitudes, the wooden structureof many buildings no longer exists, but all of its architectural remains areintact in place, the spatial layout is intact, and the natural landscape wherethe cultural remains are located is not damaged. They are enough to show theunique design concept, system pattern, construction scale and cultural value ofMing Xiaoling in the development process of Chinese imperial mausoleum Artisticachievements. Nowadays, the Royal mausoleums of Ming and Qing Dynastiesdistributed in Beijing, Hubei, Hebei and other provinces and cities are allbuilt according to the regulation and mode of Ming Xiaoling. In this sense, MingXiaoling is a masterpiece of art and a comprehensive achievement in the highlymature period of Chinese culture. It has created a new generation of Ming andQing Imperial Mausoleums and has a long history in the development of ChineseImperial Mausoleums The value and status of the monument.

It is the crystallization of political thought, social culture, aestheticconsciousness, architectural technology and national financial resources in theearly Ming Dynasty. The layout design and architectural form of the mausoleumhave distinctive style of the times and exemplary spirit. It not only inheritedthe excellent elements of the imperial mausoleum system of Han, Tang and SongDynasties, but also created a new imperial mausoleum system. The mausoleumsystem of Xiaoling in Ming Dynasty regulated the overall pattern and style ofmausoleum construction in Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 500 years. Itsstatus was lofty and its influence was far-reaching.

Beigu mountain is located in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. It is close tothe Yangtze River in the north, so it is named Beigu. It is 55.2 meters high and200 meters long. The mountain is steep, and the situation is dangerous andsolid. Emperor Liang Wu of the Southern Dynasty once wrote a book to praise itsvictory. Ganlu temple, located on the top of the mountain, was built in theGanlu period of the eastern Wu Dynasty. There are many legends and relics aboutthe Wu state in the Three Kingdoms period. At this point, visitors cant helplooking for the famous places and legends with the story of Liu Beisrecruitment as a clue. Beigu mountain, Jinshan mountain and Jiaoshan mountainhave become horns. The three mountains stand in the balance. Beigu mountain ismore majestic and dangerous in controlling Chu and Wu. In order to resist theJapanese garrison, the prefects of Ming Dynasty cut off the front peak and themiddle peak.

Beigu mountain is composed of front peak, middle peak and back peak. Themain peak is back peak, which is the best scenic spot. The former Qianfeng isthe site of the ancient palaces of the eastern Wu Dynasty, which has been turnedinto Zhenjiang martyrs cemetery; the former meteorological building onZhongfeng is now changed into a traditional Chinese painting Museum; the latteris the main peak of Beigu mountain, facing the Yangtze River (Yangtze River) inthe north, with three cliffs and steep terrain. The mountain is full of treesand many places of interest are on it. Known as "the best River and mountain inthe world". Houfeng is the main peak of Beigu mountain, facing the Yangtze Riverand lying on the water. It is the best place for scenery. When you climb to thetop of the mountain, you can see Jiaoshan in the East, Jinshan in the west, andPingshan hall across the river. You can see it clearly. It really makes peoplefeel that "the two mountains of Jinjiao are small, and the two mountains ofwuchu are separated." In the past, a famous poet once wrote a doggerel: "theYangtze River is like an inkstone pool wave. When you mention the gold coke asan ink mill, an iron tower can be used as a pen, and the blue sky can write morethan a few lines" to praise the magnificent scenery of Beigu mountain.

From the southern foot of the middle peak of Beigu mountain, climb themountain, pass the weather station, and go northward along the ridge to QinghuiPavilion. There is an iron tower in the east of the pavilion, which was built byLi Deyu, the Duke of Wei of Tang Dynasty, in the first year of Baoli (825). Itwas originally a stone tower, but later it was destroyed. In the first year ofYuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1078), it was rebuilt into a nine leveliron tower with a plane and octagonal shape. In the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuiltto seven levels, about 13 meters high. After the tsunami, lightning, war andother disasters, only two floors of the tower remained in 1949. Now it has beenrenovated into four floors, about 8 meters high. The tower base and the firstand second floors are the original objects of the Song Dynasty. The third andfourth floors are the fifth and sixth floors of the original tower, which werecast in the Ming Dynasty. The existing tower base and body have exquisitepatterns, unique shape, vivid.

From Qinghui pavilion to the north, on the wall of the hillside on the eastside of Ganlu temple, there is a stone inlaid with six characters of "the bestRiver and mountain in the world", which is said to be written by Emperor Wu ofLiang Dynasty. On the arch leading to the Ganlu Temple opposite the Tiaoshi,there is an inscription of "South Xu Jingyu". In the Eastern Jin Dynasty,Zhenjiang was changed to Xuzhou, so it was named "Nanxu".

Through the arch, that is to reach the top of the north peak of the Ganlutemple. It is said that this is the place where Liu Bei recruits his family, andthe Peking Opera "dragon and Phoenix present auspiciousness" takes this as thebackground. In fact, the ancient Ganlu temple was built in the Liang Dynasty. Itwas originally at the foot of the mountain. It was rebuilt on the mountain by LiDeyu in the Tang Dynasty. The temple has the main hall, Laojun hall, Guanyinhall, Jiangsheng Pavilion and other buildings, forming the characteristics of"temple crown mountain". It is said that Qing Dynasty was its heyday. EmperorKangxi and Emperor Qianlong built a palace here and left a stele. It is one ofthe famous ancient temples in ancient China. It is said that it is the"liumajian" where sun and Liu raced side by side. The multi view building behindGanlu temple is the best scenic spot in Beigu mountain. The second floor of thebuilding faces the river. The name of the building is taken from Li Deyus poem"multi view hanging window" in Tang Dynasty. It is one of the three famousbuildings in ancient Yangtze River, and is as famous as yellow crane tower andYueyang Tower.

The plaque of "the first building in the world" written by Mi Fu is highabove the floor. Since the song and Yuan Dynasties, famous scholars, dignitariesand dignitaries of all dynasties have made a lot of famous poems here, such asOuyang Xiu, Su Shi, Mi Fu, Xin Qiji and Lu you. Climbing on the multi viewbuilding and looking out from the fence, you can see the scenery of mountainsand rivers, and the wonderful scenery.

In the east of duojinglou, lingyunting is also called Jijiang Pavilion. Itis said that sun Shangxiang, Lius wife, once sacrificed herself in the riverafter hearing the news of Liu Beis death. When Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet ofthe Southern Song Dynasty, ascended the pavilion, he touched the scene withemotion, and wrote a famous article: "where to look at China, with a full viewof Beigu building.". The rise and fall of the ages are long. The Yangtze Riveris rolling. As a young man, the southeast war is not over. Who is the enemy ofthe heroes in the world, Cao Liu. Having children should be like sun Zhongmou."

Due to the various legends of Liu Beis recruiting relatives, todays Beigumountain has become a hot spot for friends who travel to Zhenjiang.

大家好!我是北京旅游公司的导游，我的名字叫林卓豪，大家可以称我为小林。我很荣幸可以担任你们的导游，如果有困难，大家可以来找我，我的电话是137568900。

北京是一个现代化大都市，也是去游玩的好地方。北京著名的景点有天坛、颐和园、故宫、长城，等等。今天，我首先带大家浏览长城。有句俗语说：“来到北京，不来长城就不算来过北京。”长城是秦始皇下令修筑的，城墙是用条石砌成的，一块就有两三千斤重。那时，没有起重机，也没有火车，就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手，一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭，所以，累死了很多人。接下来，我给大家讲一个关于长城的故事，就是《孟姜女哭长城》，孟姜女的丈夫和其他人一样也是被秦始皇捉去修筑长城而累死的，所以，孟姜女来到长城，哭天抢地，哭得长城都倒了一大段。

长城的美景多得数不胜数，大家细细游赏吧，注意不要乱扔果皮和其他垃圾，不要在城墙上乱涂乱画，要做个文明游客。记住，下午5时，在山海关集中!祝大家玩得开心!

张家口，又称“张垣”“武城”。位于中国河北省西北部，地处京、冀、晋、蒙四省市区交界处，东靠承德市，东南毗连北京市，南邻保定市，西、西南与山西省接壤，北、西北与内蒙古自治区交界，全市南北长289.2公里，东西宽216.2公里，总面积3.68万平方公里，是北京的北大门，也是历史上兵家必争之地，重要的地理文化名城。全市辖4区、13县、2个管理区，1个高新区，分为坝上、坝下两个不同的自然区域，总人口460万人，其中农业人口310万人。

张家口的发源地是现位于桥西区的堡(bǔ)子里一带，这里的发展是整个张家口逐步繁荣的历史见证。而张家口名称的由来也和这里有密切的关系。堡子里(亦称下堡)，明代时属京师宣府镇(现宣化区(县))，为万全右卫地。宣德四年(公元1429年)，指挥使张文始筑城堡，名张家堡。张家堡高三丈三尺，方四里十三步，东南各开一门，东曰“永镇门”，南曰“承恩门”。嘉靖八年(公元1529年)守备张珍在北城墙开一小门，曰“小北门”，因门小如口，又由张珍开筑，所以称“张家口”。蒙古人和布里亚特人称之为“卡尔干”。

关于张家口堡的小北门，也有一个小小的故事。当年修建张家口堡时，为防御蒙古骑兵的突袭，决定只开东南二门不设北门和西门。可是乡民生产生活不便，大家很有意见。督建官员张文找来风水先生，当众推演。这位风水先生不知是受了张文的指使还是确实测出西北罡气太盛，提出建堡不宜开西、北门的建议。人众议论平息，城堡开始动工，很快城堡建成。堡开东南二门，东门曰永镇门，南门曰承恩门。

嘉靖八年(1529年)，由于张家口长城一带出现了相对较为安定的局面。张家口堡守备章珍为方便上下两堡之间的往来，开筑了北门。为安全起见北门开得很小，称作小北门。后来，因为边境局势紧张，张家口守军又把小北门堵死。后来，有人说小北门门小如口，张(章)姓人开，张(章)姓人守。所以就叫张家口。这个说法很有趣，但是把“张家口”出现的时间推后了一百年。

康熙年间，天下太平，官府应乡民之请打开小北门，但只开了一个宽三尺高三尺人过要低头的小门。两年后，堡子里焦家和草场巷张家结成了儿女亲家。这焦家和张家都是在张家口外放的有钱有势的京官，为方便来往，他们让官府恢复明朝建小北门时的规制，彻底打开了城门。不久，堡子里闹起了瘟疫，人们说是开小北门给带来的。最后，官司打到了宣化府。不知为什么，这次老百姓竟然胜诉，小北门又被改小，小到只可通过一顶轿子的宽度。

清光绪二十六年(1901年)八国联军逼近北京，消息传到张家口，张家口守军马上封闭了小北门，一年后才又打开。

现在，小北门作为张家口堡留存下来的唯一一个门仍然保持着当年开筑时的模样。

明清时期，张家口商贸兴盛。1551年，大境门外开设“马市”，由官方以布釜之类易蒙古鞑靼马匹、皮张。1570年，鞑靼首领俺答臣服受封，张家口被辟为蒙汉“互市之所”。1613年，张家口堡之侧筑来远堡，以张家口堡和来远堡为基础，张家口逐渐发展成为蒙汉民族贸易交往的中心。时摊铺栉比，商贾云集，来远堡外“穹庐千帐”，民族商业贸易十分兴盛。1676年，清军击垮葛尔丹，打通了通往漠北的商道，立大境门为蒙古与本部贸易的场所。到1906年各店铺已有1037家。北平、天津、山西等地客商来张家口经商者日众。1860年，俄国商人已开始在张家口出现。1884年，英、美、法等过商人纷纷到张家口收购皮张和羊毛，张家口逐渐成为陆路大商埠，“百货之所灌输，商旅之所归途”，年进出口平均银高达15000万两。张家口的皮毛在国内外影响日益扩大，“天下皮裘，经此输入海内，四方皮市经此定价而后交易”，成了誉满中外的“皮都”。由于货优物美，享有盛誉，“口羔”，“口皮”驰名国际市场。

崇礼县位于河北省西北部，内蒙古高原与冀西北山地的结合地带。总面积2334.1平方公里，总人口13

万人，距北京247公里。崇礼县地处河北省西北部，张家口市中部。东邻赤城县，南接宣化，西和北

面紧靠张北县，东北和沽源县接壤，西南与张家口区毗邻。据坊间传说，崇礼乃取“崇尚礼义”之

意。

崇礼历史悠久，曾经是北方多民族聚居之地，有着独特的民风民情和厚重的文化积淀。县城所在地的西湾子，原名大东沟，元代有名的“定边城”就建在这里。西湾子峡谷是古代一条重要的南北方向骑兵通道，可从张家口大境门直达坝上草原的金莲川。元世祖忽必烈曾于1251年在金莲川建兵城、蓄精锐，后在闪电河北岸称帝，成就了赫赫霸业。

清代，属直隶省口北道张家口厅。清康熙39年，天主教传入此地，1840年，西湾子成为蒙古教区的总教堂。

崇礼全境多为高山峻岭，海拔20__米以上的山峰有12座。东部和南部的山地为燕山山脉西段支系，北部和西部山地属阴山山脉东段的大马群山支系。我们现在正处于燕山山脉西段支系的中段位置。

崇礼和平森林公园

我们从长城岭出发，沿途经过高原训练基地田径场、明长城遗址、蘑菇坪、情人谷、玫瑰苑、月亮湾、翠云山等景点，最后返回到长城岭，进行单行环线游，行程大约需要2个小时。

崇礼属东亚大陆性季风气候中温带区域，季节差异明显，光照时间长，昼夜温差大。现在大家向右看，这是成片的白桦林，白桦，也叫粉桦、落叶乔木，树皮白色，小枝红褐色，阴性树种。适应性强，耐严寒，喜湿雨、喜酸性土壤，天然分布的大片纯林多生长在阴坡沃土上。左边我们看到的是落叶松，落叶松也叫红钎、黄钎、雾灵落叶松。松科，落叶松属。落叶乔木，树干通直，生长较快，是华北地区山地及我县上半部的主要造林树种。华北落叶松为阴性树种喜光，不耐庇荫，耐寒性强，多分布在海拔1400-20__米之间的阴坡、半阴坡。落叶松材质好、用途广，耐水蚀，耐腐朽是建筑造船及水下工程的良好用材。

翠云山森林公园空旷辽阔，既有山地丛林风光，又有高原草甸景致，很具有欧陆风情。据考古发掘和大量文物考证，崇礼境地属新石器时代晚期龙山与仰韶的混合文化，5000多年就有人群在此定居。

翠云山森林公园主题由长城咏叹、林海漫步和翠云情思三部分组成。

右侧是河北省体育局投资的高原训练基地田径场，投资910万元，在基地海拔1920米的高度建田径场，这一高度比著名的多巴高原训练基地低366米，比海埂训练基地高120米，是最适合进行高强度运动项目训练和比赛。这块地方长400米，宽240米，是山区少有的较平整的场地，且少有树木，大多为灌木丛，建设与环保并重。

现在，我们进入了通向长城岭的林荫道。

若在林间和草地寻觅，您可以看到各色蘑菇。口蘑也是崇礼的特产，它味道鲜美，营养丰富，其滋补抗癌作用日益被人们所认可。

长城岭海拔2100米，属燕山西段造山运动的沉陷带。这里的空气异常清新，负氧离子含量是城市的10倍，因此，徒步登山者只要稍作喘息，就能很快恢复体力。您过一会儿体验一下就知道了。

我们来到了长城岭停车坪，现在开始向长城岭中心景区明长城遗址攀登。请您跟随我正式进入您的翠云山之旅的第一部分——长城咏叹。

崇礼的植被属暖温带落叶阔叶林区域和温带草原区域，森林植被类型主要为天然次生林植被，以白桦、山杨面积最大，兼有红桦、柞树、椴树、红瑞木、五角枫等。人工植被林木种类有25种，阔叶林有杨、榆、柳树等，以桦树最多。针叶树有落叶松、云杉、马尾松、油松等。经济树种有山杏、苹果、海棠等。灌木树种有沙棘、红柳等。

崇礼于1958年开始，实施大兵团作战的植树造林方略，几十年如一日，倾力构筑绿色屏障，累计造林200多万亩，可谓功在当代，利在千秋。近年来，崇礼认真落实退耕还林、退耕还草、封山育林、禁伐禁牧政策，严格环境执法，加强护林防火，使生态环境得到有效保护，对于北京风沙源治理起到了良好的作用。

崇礼的草原区域主要表现为草坡植被，分为高地草甸和灌木草丛。植物组成主要是由耐寒的多年生草本植物为主。境内野生植物资源共有80个科，301属，553种。最多的是菊科、豆科、禾本科，其次是蔷薇科、毛茛科、唇形科和蓼科等。还有一些小乔木及灌木林，主要有：虎榛、锦鸡儿、丁香、胡枝子、文冠果等。

中草药有：黄芩、黄芪、赤勺、麻黄、猪苓、柴胡、高本、金莲花、芍药、防风、升麻、当归、知母、车前子、远志、狼毒、天门冬、柳穿鱼等210种。

崇礼的野生哺乳动物主要有：狍子、狐狸、獾子、貉子、山狸子、刺猬、野兔、松鼠、黄鼠、花鼠等16种，在新中国成立初期，境内有很多豹子、豺、狼、石貂、旱獭，现在已经没有了踪迹。

鸟类有：沙鸡、野鸡、石鸡、斑鸠、半翅、鹌鹑、山雁、鸿雁、鹞鹰、老雕、黄莺、鹧鸪、红嘴鸭、猫头鹰、啄木鸟、

布谷鸟、野鸽子等32种。

由于大自然赋予金莲花消炎败火的功效，所以它对人大有裨益。您看她，形若莲花，亭亭玉立，金灿灿、光闪闪，着实让人喜爱。一位诗人曾面对金莲花吟出了优美的诗句：“莫道香苑花中王，休比雍容华贵装。玉洁冰清驱毒火，谁人识得好娇娘?”

这里还有难得一见的雪绒花。雪绒花是奥地利的国花，它会让人想起电影《音乐之声》里那首脍炙人口的歌曲《雪绒花》。这美丽的精灵，只有在海拔1500米以上的草甸、林地才能见到她的芳踪。因她的枝叶花朵生有一层如白雪般的绒毛而显得高洁灵秀、与众不同，它的金黄色的造型独特的花蕊，会让您心中升发出一种别样的情感。

20__年8月，从瑞士访问归来、深知雪绒花价值的著名文学家冯骥才，在蔚县参加中国民间文化遗产抢救工程剪纸专项工作会议期间，游览“空中草原”时，惊奇地发现有的呈地毯型生长，多为群星分布的大面积生长着的雪绒花，于是写了《中国的雪绒花在哪里》。

在奥地利，雪绒花象征着勇敢，因为野生的雪绒花生长在环境艰苦的高山上，常人难以得见其美丽容颜，所以见过雪绒花的人都是英雄。

看，这是一块具有纪念意义的人工岩石，上面有个醒目的篆体 “功”字，那是为纪念一代又一代在植树造林中立下汗马功劳的英雄们而特意刻写树立的。

现在我们看到的是明长城遗址。

崇礼境内有燕、秦、明长城遗址122公里，烽火台153个。长城岭长城修建于明成化21年前后，是在北魏长城的基础上重修的。明代曾大修长城18次，历时200余年，赤城、崇礼、龙关一线的长城在整个明代长城史上占有重要地位。明朝宣德初年，朝廷军力不支，为防蒙古各部南下，于宣德五年将开平卫移至独石口，以防胡虏，控制南北。此后，该段长城在正统、景泰、成化、嘉靖、万历年间均有不同程度的修补，而第一次大规模整修是在成化二十一年，即公元1485年。

1981年长城普查时，在马驹沟之南发现了成化元年即公元1465年修长城的“永镇”摩崖石刻，刻有“成化二年四月十六日彪示重修”字样。第二次大修是在嘉靖24年，即公元1545年，据当时的文献记载，塞外长城有内、外两道，俗称内、外边墙，也称北路长城。

1981年，长城普查工作人员在本县清三营乡破庙堡的一座磨房里发现了两块石碑，其中的一块石碑上清楚地刻着：“万历四十年四月修完。本边底阔一丈六尺，平高一丈七尺，收顶三尺。”碑文中的“边”即指外边墙。石碑明确记载了此段长城当时的相对高度是两丈，约合6.6米。

作为今天崇礼与赤城两县界标的长城岭长城，正处于外边墙西侧南北段的中间位置。

这道外边墙全部用石块垒砌而成，已经严重坍塌损圮，虽然不如八达岭长城高大华美，但它却营造着一种特殊的时空氛围，显得沉毅凝重，悲壮苍凉。走近长城，遥想戎马倥偬，纵观烽火硝烟，会有走进历史的.感觉，您或多或少会有一份感慨。令国人欣慰的是，20__年7月8日，在葡萄牙首都里斯本，长城被评为世界新七大奇迹，而且高居榜首!

离开长城岭景区，乘坐旅游观光车向西南行驶几分钟，要穿过一片林海，那是您翠云山森林公园之旅的第二部分——林海漫步。我们的游览车将在一条起伏曲折的山巅小路穿行，由于是在丛林行进，有人称之为绿色通道。

土豆就是马铃薯，当地人叫它山药，崇礼的出产的脱毒薯块茎硕大，味道可口，经专家测定，其所含营养比其它种类的土豆高出许多，堪称土豆之冠。

崇礼的蚕豆皮薄粒大，颗粒均匀，色泽乳白，口味香甜，富含卵磷脂，氨基酸含量大大超过其它产地的蚕豆，用它做成的玉带豆出口日本后大受欢迎，被日本美食家称为“绿色有机食品”，有趣的是，日本有关部门居然能在鱼龙混杂的进口蚕豆中准确检测出崇礼出产的蚕豆，这让崇礼人很是自豪。崇礼蚕豆还被河北省命名为“河北蚕豆”，被省育种基地命名为“冀张蚕1号”。

甘蓝俗称元白菜、回子白、疙瘩白，崇礼的甘蓝不仅营养价值高，而且很有特点，它从里到外几乎都是绿色，做出的菜肴不变形不变色，爽脆可口。别看它个儿小，却很瓷实，分量很重，有一次一辆运送蔬菜的汽车在山坡抛锚，司机就用它充当石头打堰儿，阻挡了车轮下滑。

崇礼的蔬菜种植已经有了长足的发展，目前，已经有多个生产基地，无公害蔬菜面积已经达到11万亩，占全县耕地面积的40%以上，年蔬菜总产量18万多吨，被确定为“奥运蔬菜备选基地”、“外埠进京蔬菜基地县”和“河北省出口蔬菜基地”。

崇礼的新品种彩椒个大肉厚，色泽艳丽，是由以色列专家培育并提供籽种的，大部分被外商包销空运出境，还上了国宴!真是“不说不知道，一说吓一跳。”

我们现在到了蘑菇坪停车点。从前的蘑菇坪可是草高数尺，绿波荡漾，兽走禽飞的好地方哦。

传说，从前有个叫毛古平的小伙儿来到这里采药，发现地上有一滴滴的鲜血，他顺着血迹寻找，突然发现在浓密的草丛中侧窝着一只老狼，那狼身上被射进两支利箭，毛古平定睛一看，老狼已经死去，身边有一只小狼崽还在挣扎着吮吸母狼的乳头，当时已是中秋，山上寒风阵阵，小狼瑟瑟发抖，毛古平见状顿生怜悯之情，他将狼崽抱在怀里，匆匆赶回山脚下的家中，让自己家正在哺乳幼崽的母狗喂养。毛古平还给小狼崽起名叫毛三儿。毛三儿长大后很通人性，时常到野外捕猎狍子和野兔，叼回家中与主人分享，还隔三差五来到这里伸长脖子嚎叫，好象是对母亲的思念和哀悼。有一天，毛古平来到这里放羊，一只大野狼突然向羊群发动袭击，负责守护羊群的毛三儿迅速冲上前去，和野狼撕咬在一起，毛古平急忙跑上前来用羊铲猛击野狼，野狼见势不妙慌忙逃窜。后来，毛古平的故事被人们知道了，于是，这个地方就被叫成了谐音的“蘑菇坪”。

穿越林海。我们来到了情人谷。关于情人谷，还有一个美丽的传说呢——

明代万历年间，翠云山下有一个村子，村里的人过着半农半牧的生活。一天，在大东梁西坡上放牛的一位60多岁老汉，由于旧疾复发，一下子倒在梁头上滚下山坡，被正在巡视长城工程的百户统领远远看见了，他立即派一个叫霍明的壮小伙子前去救助。霍明跑到近前一看，老汉面面色苍白，呼吸微弱，他急忙掐老汉的人中，过了一会老汉醒了过来，但却因过度虚弱，不能动弹。经统领同意，霍明和另外两个年轻小伙儿轮流背着老汉下山回家。老汉有个女儿，叫刘翠云，长得亭亭玉立，眉清目秀，她对霍明三人的义举很是感动，尤其对英俊憨厚尚未婚配的霍明情有独钟。刘老汉也非常喜欢霍明。从那以后，霍明经常来看望老人和翠云。霍明从东面的堡城来东梁底村要走很远的路，翠云心疼情人，加之在家里谈话不方便，于是就约定各走一段路，到山上去见面，幽会的地方就定在这里。后来两人结成了百年之好。在霍明和翠云的撺掇下，长城东面堡城的小伙子们和长城西面东梁底村的姑娘们开始了婚恋洽谈会，而幽会的地点全都定在这里。所以，此地就成了名副其实的“情人谷”。据说这个风俗一直延续到清代。有戏言说乾隆皇帝到塞外视察，听说了情人谷传奇，也想来感受一下浪漫风情，但因连日大雨，道路湿滑，故而未能成行。

下一景点就到了玫瑰苑，顾名思义，这里生长着众多野玫瑰。若在野玫瑰花盛开的时候来此游览，那诱人的花香有如玫瑰仙女驾临，会令您心醉神迷。

若在林海宿营，看密林幽幽，听虫语鸟鸣，必会心游物外，肺腑玲珑。这清爽宜人的天然氧吧，会让您精神倍增。我们现在来到了翠云山的月亮湾。这是您翠云山森林公园之旅的第三部分——翠云情思。

在对面的山上看这里，感觉我们脚下的山脊地形酷似一湾新月，月亮湾因此而得名。盛夏时节在月亮湾环顾四周，可见层峦耸翠，佳木凝碧，芳草萋萋，无尽的绿色撩人心扉，芬芳的空气沁人心脾。站在山巅，迎徐徐山风，您一定神清气爽，以至陶然若醉而留连忘返。

古代智者对自然的认知程度丝毫不亚于今人，而“天人合一”的理想仍是当今国人构建和谐社会的至高境界，如果人人都以苍生为念，以天下为怀，以绿色为爱，那将是一幅何等美妙的画卷啊!

崇礼拥有全省面积最大的原始次生林地，有林面积超过100万亩，森林覆盖率达39%。翠云山森林公园有着被人称道的欧陆风光。现在，崇礼已经跻身河北省旅游强县之列。今后，崇礼将会有更多具有阿尔卑斯风情的森林公园展现在您的面前。

虽然崇礼的山山水水比不过华山之险、泰山之雄、娥眉之秀、嵩岳之幽，然而，它却可以春赏花、夏避暑、秋观景、冬滑雪，它将以连绵不断的鲜美绿色、瑰丽迷人的北国白雪和长城脚下的古道热肠——迎接四海嘉宾来此欢度美好时光!现在，我们开始从翠云山上的月亮湾缓缓下山。这里峰回路转，草木芳香，您可以欣赏道路两旁高大的白桦林、落叶松和浓密的灌木丛。

这是翠云山森林公园度假村。

丛林环抱的度假村随时欢迎您来此休闲观光。

汽车已经安全地下了翠云山。我们转了将近一圈，现在正向始发地行进。

沽源县得名于“沽河”(又名白河)之源。沽源又是黑河、白河、滦河的发源地，可以称之为“三河之源”，属内蒙古高原南缘，古长城外侧的坝上地区，北靠内蒙，东依承德，西接大同，南距北京仅270公里，距离省会石家庄600公里。位于河北省北部，闪电河上游，邻内蒙古自治区。东邻承德市丰宁县，南与张家口市赤城、崇礼县接壤，西与张北、康保两县相连，北与内蒙古太仆寺旗、正兰旗、多伦县毗邻。总面积3654平方公里，县辖4镇10乡，总人口23.1万，县城平定堡镇距北京市287公里，距张家口170公里。境内山脉起伏连绵，属阴山余脉，全县平均海拔1536米，华北著名的第三高峰冰山梁，海拔2332米，山顶洞内结冰终年不化。气候属温带大陆性草原气候。年平均气温+1.6℃，年日照时数最长3246小时，最短2616小时，年降水量426毫米，无霜期日数117天。汛期主要反映在6、7、8三个月，期间降水量占全年降水量的53%。 大旱气候多，风沙大。

全县在册耕地166万亩，人均7.5万亩，主要农作物有燕麦、马铃薯、亚麻、杂豆、蔬菜、是华北最大的脱毒薯基地。由于日照长，昼夜温差大，土质肥沃，农产品品质高，且无公害、无污染，是"出自最佳生态环境的绿色食品"。草场176万亩(其中人工草场38万亩)。

沽源不仅有优美的风光，还有悠久的历史呢。早在遥远的新石器时代，沽源就有了人类居住，这块富庶美丽的土地，不仅是勤劳憨厚的北疆各游牧部族繁衍生息的依托地区，而且也被各代统治阶级视为“风水宝地”。北魏统治者在大宏城设置御夷镇，以防柔然，捍卫平城。辽代统治者实行四季捺钵的特殊政治制度，沽源是其主要出猎捺钵区，承天皇后并在此建凉殿。金世宗每逢夏季经常避暑行猎于此，将这金莲争芳吐艳的苍茫原野，取金莲玉叶之意更名为“金莲川”，并在闪电河畔建“景明宫”为避暑疗养圣地。元代从忽必烈定制起，实行巡幸两都制度，沽源就成了天之骄子的驻跸和游猎地。明代，这里为“九边重镇”之一的“开平卫”，为防蒙古侵扰，派有重兵屯守。清代，蒙古察哈尔部迁牧于此，这里就成了皇家牧场基地之一。沽源神州，滋育过千古风流，创造着古老文明!历史的车轮在不断向前滚动，我们的旅游车轮也在向前游移。坝上草原就像一副美丽的画卷，而我们每一个人都在画中游!

历史上沽源曾是北魏御夷镇，也是辽、金、元三代帝王的避暑圣地。辽代萧太后梳妆楼，历尽千年沧桑，至今仍屹立在闪电河畔，金代景明宫、元代察汗淖儿行宫、清代胭脂马场、狩猎场、张库古商道、明代长城和古烽火台及元代宏城遗址，九连城遗址等一大批源远流长的历史文化古迹，至今尚存。在沽源这块广袤的草原上，孕育了北方少数民族文化，涵养了一代代民族英豪，也留下了许多美丽动人的传说。

五花草甸位于葫芦河流域十万亩湿地草原的北部，距县城7.5公里，面积两万余亩，是锡林郭勒盟草原最漂亮，最富魅力的原始草场。那锡林郭勒盟草原是唯一被联合国列为世界自然遗产保护名录的草原。我们这块五花草甸是非常珍贵的，为什么呢?小李在前边讲过，沽源县共有天然草场202万亩，其中天然湿地草原60万亩是距北京最近的原始湿地草原，其保存之好，花草之茂在中国北方尚属罕见。五花草甸因为特殊的地理位置和气候而生成，所以这两万亩之外是看不到这样的景观的。就连生长在内蒙古大草原的游客都专程驱车来我们这看五花草甸的盛景。大家知道，湿地被人们誉为“地球之肾”，“没有湿地就没有水!”湿地与人类的生存、繁衍及发展息息相关，是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一。湿地不仅为人类的生产、生活提供大量的资源，而且具有巨大的环境功能和效益。在抵御洪水、调节径流、蓄洪防旱、控制污染、调节气候、控制土壤侵蚀、除淤造路、美化环境等方面有着其他系统不可替代的作用。位于沽源县城南7.5公里、赤宝公路沿线西侧，总面积4000亩。牧草平均高度达0.8米，草甸内现已发现各种植被630多种，其中以毛莨科植物为主，还有十多种属省内或国内罕见植物，如野罂粟、大叶龙胆、沙参、石竹花、水麦冬等。

大家看，蓝天，白云，轻风、绿草，还有远处的山脉，这让我们想到了一首诗：刺勒川，阴山下，天似穹庐，宠

盖四野;天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。为什么叫它五花草甸呢?这个名字呀，是有来历的。每年的五月中旬，当青草泛出淡淡嫩草之时，便有朵朵花蕾俏然绽放，草随花茂，花伴草生。每隔半月均有五种以上的花种婀娜吐艳，展现在草原上，所以称之为“五花草甸”。鲜花从五月盛开，盛状一直持续到九月，中科院曾经有位专家说过，这里品种达170多种，有10多种名扬四海的中草药，最著名的有金莲花、芍药、百合、宣草、翠雀、石竹、毛莨、沙参等。甸内奇花异草不计其数，其中尤以盛产的金莲花最为著称。此花既可入药，又可制成上等茶叶，清凉解署、化痰止咳、润喉清肺。还有黄花，俗称金针菜，盛开的季节可遍布整个草甸，那可是餐桌上一道美味佳肴。草甸内还出产野韭菜、韭花、野山葱等许多可供食用的野菜。采来略加调制便是市场上买不到的调剂口味的特殊菜肴。草甸内还有很多上好的药材如秦艽、柴胡、水麦冬，黄芪、沙参等等。每逢夏季来临，大批候鸟迁徙到此，在草旬内筑巢孵卵、繁衍后代，这时，百花齐放、百鸟争鸣，鸟语花香使整个草甸充满活力了先机和活力。小李是土生土长的沽源人，可也是只认识其中的几种，如果大家哪位认识更多，那可要告诉小李，小李以后就可能告诉更多的游客了。好，现在大家拍拍照吧!

位亲爱的游客，大家早上好!欢迎来到八达岭观光景区游玩，我是李导游。今天，我很高兴能带你们去长城游览。长城东西南北交错，翻越巍巍群山，穿过茫茫草原，跨过浩瀚的沙漠，奔向苍茫的大海。今天我们游览的只是其中保存得最完整的一段——八达岭长城。

八达岭长城是明长城中的杰出代表，因为这里四通八达，故成八达岭。可能大家会问，为什么把长城修筑在这里?其实这主要是因为八达岭地区重要的地理位置。它不仅守卫着明皇陵，而且也是京师的大门。

有一句话大家一定都知道：不到长城非好汉。刚才说了这么多关于长城的事情。大家一定等不及要到长城游览一番。不用着急，马上您也要成为好汉了。八达岭长城有三台两墙组成的，什么是三台呢?我给你们介绍一下吧!三台分别是城台、敌台。其中城台构造非常简单，只是驻守的官兵避寒的地方。那敌台的构造相对就要复杂一些，分为两层，下层是由回井等字形组成，上层有垛口和望孔是观察军情和射击用的，所以这里也具有防御敌人的功能。

下面就到了烽火台，又叫烽燧，狼烟台。是不和长城相连的独立建筑。一旦敌人来犯，就点燃烽火通报军情。明朝的时候，还对烽火与敌人的关系作了严格的规定：敌人百余个，燃一烟点一炮;五百人，燃两烟两炮;千人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮。就通过这种方式，在边关的军情能够飞速的传到皇宫大内。

回头看看那雄伟的长城，这么快就要说再见了，是否有一点依依不舍呢?如果有机会能够再来游览，我一定再来给你们当导游

fellow friends:

hello! toured the dali old city, initially has feltthis humanities landscape profoundness; now we watch the cangshanerhai, understands the dalis america of scenery.

first, we ride the yacht to go to the erhai park. the erhai park othername group mountain park, is l ocated the hsiakuan city northeast 2kilometers place groups mountains. north it near ocean waves wan qingerhai, west and cangshan southend setting sun peak relative. whennanzhao country, here is kings deer park. in 1976 here newly wardedoff for the park, occupiesdi 1,600 chinese acres. on the mountain has thezoo and the plant nursery flower-bed, broadly plants the dali areaeach kind of precious flower different plant, is very good rests placeof the tour.

now the pleasure boat to the erhai park near the sea causeway, we cameashore to the ship, this is under the group foot of a hill binhai tourarea along 270 multistage stone steps ascendslevel on, we arrive the summit.everybody looked that, this curls upwardsangle upturned eave pavilion is looks thesea building, the eave hangs from above the plaque, submits a writtenstatement: jade er silver dark green ", the black bottom goldcharacter, vigorous is classically elegant, it is the chinese inadmiration of somebodys fame painter wu zuorens writing skill. looksthe sea building is understands "the jade er silver dark green"happiest extent, leans against a railing looks out into the distance:east side erhai vast, boundless, west cangshan is continuous,luxuriant is gray.

fellow friends, let us go on board once more, roams through to erhaiin. but i first must to everybody introduction be actually amcangshan. formerly, we in the dali city, under on the dark green footof a hill road, have not been able to look at carefully the cangshangrand appearance well. just like the ancient said "does not know thetruth about the matter, only reason body in this mountain"; looks thesea building in the erhai park, the angle of view inclines, also onlycan see the cangshan terminal. now, unceasingly leads the way alongwith the pleasure boat, in our eye cangshan is not clearer? somepeople said that, a hengduan pulse condition great arm, the tibetplateau extended west yunnan from "the roof of the world" to thesouth, cangshan was in this world famous sierra a cloud range branch.

cangshan, also names the diancang, is green because of its mountaincolor, the mountain apex acquires fame in vain. cangshan altogetherhas 19 peaks. this 19 peaks from the north to the south order are: thecloud makes, green, five, the lotus flower, the white clouds, thecrane cloud, three positive, the blue peak, the snowman, should behappy, the goddess of mercy, center and, longquan, the jade bureau,malone, the saint should, buddha go against, ma er, the setting sun.in 19 peaks, the malone peak is highest, elevation 4,122 meters. thecangshan 19 peaks, two peaks clamp a brook, altogether 18 brooks; eastthe mountain stream flows, pours into erhai, 18 brooks from north tosouth, the base arrangement is: south the rosy cloud moves, wan hua,the positive brook, the awn wells up, the brocade brook, the spiritspring, the white stone, the double mandarin duck, hides the immortal,mei xi, the peach brook, center the brook, the emerald, longxi, clearblue, remnant, pavilion mouth, is not positive.

the cangshan scenery by the snow, the cloud, springstone is famous. i firstintroduce cangshan to everybody the snow. after the summer needlesscangshan snow, is dali "the love affair" four given names scenery. thesnow white cangshan snow, all previous dynasties article literatiapproves the refined language quite a lot, the folklore also many. thethe ming dynasty writer li yuanyang once praised: "date li cangshansnow, precioustai 19 peaks".

cangshans cloud is the famous biography is far and wide. the cloudgathers the cloud to disperse, sometimes the pale like light smoke,sometimes is thick like splashes ink. in fluctuates varied center, what is most mysterious is "looks the husband cloud" and "thejade belt cloud". so-called "looks the husband cloud" is referswhenever the winter spring the season, the cangshan jade bureau peakregular meeting appears a lonely cloud, suddenly remembers suddenlyfalls, about flutters, if hoped if attends to. unusual occupying to anits appearance, the diancang then suddenly gets up the storm, blows toerhai. so-called "jade belt cloud", is refers whenever at the end ofthe summer fallinitially, after rainfirst clear, between the cangshan 19 peakshalfways up the mountainside often can appear white clouds, the cloudsgatherscollects, slowly pulls open, if the pure white jade belt horizontallyties the green mountainside. is continuous dozens of miles,unexpectedly the date does not dissipate. marvelous is, "the jade beltcloud" meets the omen agriculture abundant harvest: it appears thenumber of times to be many, same year on good crop weather. local painationality has the farmers proverb: "cangshan is the jade belt, thehungry dog eats the rice".

cangshans spring very is also famous. in 19 peaks the elevation hasmany mountains moraine lake in 3,800 meter above peak, this is thequaternary period glacier stays behind. also has that 18 brooks themountain stream, flies the waterfall to fold the spring, the fourseasons rushes down, in under clear sweet water seepage nourishing,cangshan fills the vitality. the moraine lakeside, the densely coveredvirgin forest and many precious forests, the strange flowers andplants, specially should tell everybody are, cangshans flowers andplants already fine reputation far broadcasts, moreover it also causescangshan to be famous far and wide. american professor luo lancasteronce said that, "has 1000000 in us to know the chinese yunnan the dalicangshan, because they all plant have many beautiful dali cangshan theindian azalea."

cangshans stone, renowned at home and abroad. guo moruo has "chantsmarble" the poem: "three towers are high ancient, along thinksloyalview year. the cangshan rhyme love affair, the wonderful stone spitsthe mist. outside the heart, coolly lives elbowarmpit. the day meritmanpower generation, the overseas compete the treasure biography."

cangshan has bred the marble, the marble is cangshans soul. this kindof magnificent wonderful stone, world many places all have, the alonedalis most wonderful america, also opens the people early, therefore,world every this wonderful stone is called "the marble", "dali" alsoraises the world because of shi erming.

fellow friends, our pleasure boat vanguard, now should introduce thisocean waves wan qing to everybody erhai itself.

erhai, ancient name kunming pond, er river, ye yu ze and so on;because it resembles the person ear, therefore erhai. its north andsouth long 42 kilometers, the thing extends 3-9 kilometer, the lakewaterfront long 117 kilometers, the area more than 250 squarekilometers; the hydraulic mean depth 10.5 meters, the deepest 21.5meters, the water-holding capacity 2.88 billion cubic meters, the areaand the water-holding capacity arrange in order the yunnan lakesecond, occupies seventh in the national fresh water lake.

south erhai has makes up the river and so on to pour into, westnatriumthe cangshan 18 mountain streams, east collect the polo river, dig thecolor river, the south side west er river are the only estuaries,after ripples red circles into lanchan river. erhai is the tectoniclake, the lake shore thing are many cliffwall, north southwest three arethe sandbars.

everybody looked, erhai water depth limpid, if the non- flaw beautifuljade, is beautiful incomparably, it is welcome each position by thebroad mind to come from the distant place guest. erhai is the chinafamous high land moor, as early as it has carried the annals in thehan dynasty.

"er sea month" is dali one of four given names scenery. if goes boatingerhai in the lunar calendar ten in may bright nights, its monthespecially bright, especially circle, its scenery elated: in thewater, the month circle like wheel, floats the light to swing thegold; the sky, the jade mirror high hangs, the clear splendor isshining, the bath leaves from erhai. looks that, looks, the water andsky shines, you unexpectedly cannot distinguish clearly are the daymonth fall the sea, or seamonth ascends to heaven. is er seamonth so whybright? the scientific conclusion is: first, erhai water qualityspecially pure, the transparency is quite high, its reflection greatlystrengthened; second, erhai sea level dust less, air fresh, causes thewater and sky to serve as contrast, the moonlight is brighter. inaddition, er seamonth is famous, but also lies in the pure white non-flaw the cangshan snow to produce an inverted image in erhai, seamonthenhances one anothers beauty with as pure as driven snow er, aconstitution silver dark green jade ers big marvelous sight.

with the cangshan snow, the er seamonth connected dali four given namesscenery also have guan hua, the hsiakuan wind. between erhai andcangshans dam, is a long shape silting alluviation plain. whennanzhao country, nearby two respectively builds a xiaocheng in thisstrip north and south, holds the important location, defends the kingsall safety. north name long shouguan, also called closes; southernregion name dragons tail pass, at once hsiakuan. on so-called closesthe flower, is refers closes "ten mile fragrant wonderful tree", thisflower originally shapings the street and shan sinei in on pass, itsflowered big like lotus, the year opens several hundred, the fragranceoverflows the four directions, the flower opens the season, the viewlike cloud. also therefore the tree ties the husk to be firm, may dofaces the bead, therefore the flower called "faces the pearl headornament". afterwards, this flower vanished. the first years, somepeople had it is said found it in the cangshan forest. west thehsiakuan wind refers to the er river valley to inject hsiakuan thewind, continues all year long, you takedong as is spring abundant, youas soon as enter hsiakuan to be allowed to feel the hsiakuan wind theexistence. it roars nearly every day, sweeps the street to put on thelane, holds up the bottom of garment uncovers the hat, caused hsiakuanobtained "the wind city" the nickname.

dalis love affair four given names scenery, has poem its string inthe same place, is advantageous for remembered, also quite has theappeal: the hsiakuan wind, on closes the flower, the hsiakuan windblows closes the flower; cangshan snow, er seamonth, er seamonth accordingto cangshan snow. speaks of here, asks each position to look our painationality girls embroider flowered baotou. you might not despise it,it have manifested the dali four given names scenery. please lookedthat, the breeze blows, nearby the ear snow white ear with the windfloatingly sprinkled, has appeared hsiakuans wind; in baotou gorgeousflowers, has represented the flower which on closes; the peak this is white silkhead, looked by far likes cangshan the snow; the entirebaotous shape same bright is moving on like erhais in crescent moon.