长城导游词英语简短（精品20篇）

我们今天要参观的是具有天津小洋楼代名词的五大道。说起小洋楼，在上海、青岛、厦门、武汉都有很多。但比起来，天津的小洋楼却是现存最多、保存最好、而且是最为集中的。1860年—1903年，英法美等西方列强纷纷强迫清政府签订不平等条约，自此，天津被九国列强分割，他们在中国的土地上设立租界，而小洋楼最集中、占地面积最大的莫过于英租界的五大道。据统计，这一地区的名人旧居和风貌建筑有300余处，与其他地区相比，无论从地域面积、文物的数量、近代名人遗迹等都是首屈一指的。

五大道是指座落在天津市和平区城都道以南，马场道以北，西康路以东，马场道和南京路以西的长方形地段，共有22条道路，总长17公里，面积1.28平方公里。

好，我们到了，在此我要提醒大家一定要注意安全，保管好自己的财物，下车时，请戴好我们旅行社的标志，以方便大家互相辨认。我们的车牌号为津A1234，在大家的右手边看到的是天津外国语学院，我们的车就停在外院的门口，请您一定要记住我们的停车位置，带好随身物品，我们一同下车。

我们现在站的地方就是五大道中最长的一条马路—马场道，它全长3216米，因通往英租界的跑马场而得名，曾是达官显贵云集、交错往返的一条繁华道路。在马场道上唯一的一处法式建筑就是我们现在看到的天津外国语学院。它始建于1920年，它的前身是天津工商大学，也曾是北疆博物院及天津自然博物馆的前身。我们看到它的主体建筑正面上的大时钟充分体现了法国罗曼式建筑风格，在他的旁边是五大道上第一处小洋楼，也是唯一的一栋西班牙风格的别墅住宅。

好，我们继续往前走，顺着马场道左拐，我们就来到了重庆道。现在大家看到的就是五大道上唯一的一座王府—庆王府。所谓王府，就是王爷居住的地方。但是天津并没有王爷，哪来的王府呢?庆王府的前身原本是清末最后一任总管太监小德张居住的地方。1924年，冯玉祥发动政变，把溥仪赶出了紫禁城，清室的第四代和硕亲王载振也从北京庆王府举家移居天津，载振为在天津寻找一处安宁的宅第，相中了小德张的这个院子，便以大量的金钱、土地和房产置换到手。

Huiyan peak is located on the Bank of Xiangjiang River in the south ofHengyang City, with a height of 96.8 meters. Although Huiyan peak is not high,it is said in ancient times that "the North geese fly to the south, and thenstop flying back". Therefore, it has become the dividing point of thenorth-south temperature difference line in China since the southern and NorthernDynasties. The name of Huiyanfeng also comes from this, and Hengyang City isalso called "Yancheng" because of it. The famous sentence in the preface toTengwang Pavilion written by Wang Bo, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, "thewild geese are startled by the cold, and the sound breaks the HengyangRiver".

Once back to Yanfeng, the first thing you see is Yanyu pool. Yanyu poolused to be a deep pool under Huiyan peak. When it is going to rain, the watervapor in the pool rises slowly, like smoke and fog, and appears and disappearsfrom time to time, so it is named "Yanyu pool". In the past, when wild geesecame to the south, they stopped here to recuperate. When spring returns to theearth, they set out to return to the north. Later, Yanyu pool was graduallyabandoned, and Yanfeng Park was restored in the 1980s.

Please look at the rocks beside the Yanyu pool, which are engraved withsome poems and calligraphy works of famous artists in the past dynasties. Thestone in the middle is engraved with the three characters of "Huiyanfeng"written by general Tang Tianji. The old general was 83 years old when he wrotethese three words, but his handwriting is still vigorous and powerful, whichshows his solid foundation. Next to them are Wang Bos "wild geese are cold andthe sound breaks Hengyangs PU" in "preface to Tengwang Pavilion" and Chenzongqis "seventy-two Hibiscus in the blue sky, the first peak of geese comingback to the South" in "Ode to Nanyue".

Around the Yanyu pool to the right is the "Shangda archway". The archwayused to be the entrance gate of Yanfeng temple on the mountain. It has a longhistory, but it was destroyed in the war.

After SHANGDA memorial archway, we boarded the "Wangyue terrace". Here youcan have a panoramic view of the whole Hengyang City. In the west, it was thebattlefield of Hengyang during the Anti Japanese war. Looking to the north ofYueping mountain, the Zhuhui tower and Laiyan tower at the confluence ofXiangjiang River, Zhengshui River and Leishui River echo each other; looking tothe East, there are a lot of sails in Xiangjiang River. During the Double NinthFestival, there are always many Hengyang people supporting the old and carryingthe young. They come here to look far and cultivate their temperament.

Turning around, the magnificent temple in front of us is Yanfeng temple, athousand year old temple. Yanfeng temple, formerly known as Chengyun temple, wasfirst built in the 12th year of Liang Tianjian in the Southern Dynasty, that is,in 5L3 ad. The temple was renamed "Yanfeng Temple" in Sui Dynasty, "ShanmenTemple" in Tang Dynasty, and "shoufo Temple" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It wasofficially named "Yanfeng Temple" when it was rebuilt in 1980s. It has a historyof nearly 1500 years. In the past, monks from all over the world would come hereto worship, and many eminent monks and Zen masters started their talks here toenlighten the world. There is an endless stream of pilgrims here every year.Until today, every morning on the first day of the first lunar month, many localpeople come to burn "toujixiang"!

On the main gate of the temple, there is a clay and gold plaque with threecharacters "Yanfeng Temple" inscribed by Zhao Puchu. On both sides of thecouplets, it reads: "look at the open heart, and wash away the common dust withthe words" Yanfeng Temple "on a sunny day and the bells on a moonlit night. Whenyou go to the scenic spot, you can see the river, mountains and the rain by thepool, all of which are collected from the Vatican."

Yanfeng temple is divided into two parts. In front of it is the Guanyinhall, where the statue of Guanyin is worshipped. She holds a pure bottle and hasa dignified Dharma. Next to her are the good fortune boy and the Dragon Girl. Itseems that she is about to sprinkle the happiness to the world.

各位女士们、先生们大家早上好：

很荣幸能当你们导游，我叫匡妍瑾，大家可以叫我小妍，如果大家有什么问题，可以来问我。

我们这次去的景点就是长城了。

大家看，我们今天去的世界着名遗产之一长城像不像一条龙?他在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋，我们现在站在山脚下，你们看上去，可能只有几千多里，实际上，他有一万三千多里。我们现在登上去看一看吧!大家来看，多么气魄雄伟的长城展现在了我们的眼前，瞧!我们脚下踏着的就是方砖，现在让我们来扶着墙上的条石，走一段路，大家感觉到了什么?对，以前的劳动人民多么辛苦，她们把自己的智慧和血汗都献给了长城，我们一定要好好珍惜现在的长城，长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的了望口和射口，供了望和射击用的，城墙顶上，每隔三百多里就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。

大家知道关于八达岭的故事和长城的传说吗?八达岭的那个故事的题目叫《千金一笑》：周朝有个国君叫周幽王，他有个美女叫褒姒，她的脾气很怪，总是不笑，幽王就想办法。于是，他点燃了求救信号(烽火)，结果，引得诸侯白来一趟，可褒姒却哈哈大笑，幽王也很开心。可是，真有敌人来进攻的时候，幽王点燃了烽火，却不见人来，幽王就被敌人杀死了。

长城的传说也很好听，名叫《孟姜女哭长城》：孟姜女哭长城的故事，是我国古代着名的民间传说，它以戏剧、歌谣、诗文、说唱等形式，广泛流传，可胃家喻户晓。相传秦始皇时劳役繁重，青年男女范喜良、孟姜女新婚三天，新郎就被迫出发修筑长城，不久因饥寒劳累而死，尸骨被埋在长城墙下。孟姜女身背寒衣，历尽艰辛，万里寻夫来到长城边，得到的却是丈夫的噩耗。她痛哭城下，三日三夜不止，城为之崩裂，露出范喜良尸骸，孟姜女于绝望之中投海而死。从此，山海关被后人认为是“孟姜女哭长城”之地，并在那里盖了孟姜女庙，南来北往的人们常在这儿洒下一掬同情之泪。

现在，故事和传说都听玩了，我们可以自由玩耍，记住1小时以后，我们在这里集合，注意，不要乱扔垃圾。

各位亲爱的游客们，大家早上好，我叫朱敏嘉，大家可以叫我朱导。欢迎大家来到“人间天堂”------西湖。我们即将开启西湖之游，我们要去游览孤山、断桥和三潭映月。祝大家旅游愉快！请大家不要乱丢果皮垃圾，乱涂乱画。

西湖这么美，当然有许多奇妙的传说。相传多年前，天上有玉龙和金凤，它们在银河旁边的仙岛上找到了一块玉石，它们一起啄了许多年，玉石就变成一块光芒四射的宝珠，这颗宝珠的光芒射到哪儿，哪儿的树木就常青，花朵就盛开。后来消息传到天宫，王母娘娘就派天兵天将来把宝珠抢走。玉龙和金凤赶去索珠，遇到王母娘娘拒绝，于是就争抢起来。王母娘娘被打倒，两手一松，玉石就掉落人间，变成了金莹的西湖，而玉龙和金凤就变成了凤皇山和玉皇山，守护西湖。

大家向东看，那是断桥！它是西湖中最出名的一座桥。它十分有趣：断桥是北里湖与外湖的分水点。每当瑞雪初晴，桥的阳面已经冰消雪化，而桥的阴面却还是白雪皑皑，远远看去，桥身似断非断，“断桥”就因此得名。

大家现在请向前看，这是“三潭映月”，也叫“小瀛州”。这是一个“湖中有岛，岛中有湖”的湖上花园。全岛呈“田”字形，东西连柳提，南北建曲桥，曲桥两侧，种植着大片红、白、各色的睡莲。

接着请大家上岛游览。请看：三塔立在湖上，塔高2米，塔身球形，排列着5个小圆洞，塔顶呈葫芦形，造型优美。每逢中秋佳节，皓月当空，人们在塔内点上蜡烛，沿口蒙上薄纸，烛光外透。这时，“塔影、月影、云影”溶成一片。烛光、月光、湖光交相辉映，在光的折射中，三塔的灯光透过15个圆孔投影在水面上，共有30个小月亮了，再加上天上的一个，湖中的一个，就有32个小月亮了，呈现“天上月一轮，湖中影成三”的美丽景色，真是：“一湖金水欲溶秋”呀！

大家向前走，西湖边上还有一座名山-------孤山！为什么要取名“孤山”呢？这是因为历史上此山十分优美，一直被皇帝所占有，所以叫“孤山”。

西湖是一首诗，一副画，一位楚楚动人的少女。“忆江南，最美是杭州。山寺月中寻桂子，郡亭枕上看潮头。何日更重游？”这是自白居易为颂扬西湖给后人留下回味无穷的千古绝唱！

各位朋友，我们即将结束这次西湖之行，希望让西湖的山山水水永远留在你美好的回忆里！

Mount Emei is located in Mount Emei City, Sichuan Province, China, with anarea of 154 square kilometers. The highest peak, Wanfo peak, is 3099 metersabove sea level. Steep terrain, beautiful scenery, a "show the world"reputation. There are more than 3000 kinds of plants, including rare treespecies in the world. There are many monkeys along the mountain road. They oftenform groups to beg for food from tourists, which is a major feature of Emei. Itis one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. There are about 26temples and eight important temples, with frequent Buddhist activities. OnDecember 6, 1996, Mount Emei Leshan Giant Buddha was listed in the worldheritage list by UNESCO as a cultural and natural heritage.

Emei Mountain scenic area covers an area of 154 square kilometers,including four mountains, namely dae, ere, sane and sie. Dae mountain isthe main peak of Mount Emei, which is usually referred to as dae mountain. Thetwo mountains of dae and ere are opposite each other. From a distance, the twopeaks are ethereal, just like the Emei thrush. This precipitous and majesticmomentum makes Li Baifa, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, praise that "Emei is higherthan the Western polar sky" and "there are many fairy mountains in the kingdomof Shu, so Emei Miao is hard to match". Mt. Emei is famous for its foggyweather. The clouds and fog in the mountains are so varied that Mount Emei isgracefully decorated.

Mt. Emei is a magnificent mountain with many mountains and beautifulscenery. It is known as the metaphor of "one mountain has four seasons, ten lihas different days". Tan Zhongyue, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, summarized thebeautiful scenery of Mount Emei as ten kinds: "auspicious light on the top ofgold", "moon night in Xiangchi", "jiulaoxianfu", "Xiaoyu in Hongchun", "autumnbreeze in Baishui", "Qingyin in Shuangqiao", "snow in Daping", "emerald inLingyan", "clear clouds in Luofeng" and "Shengji evening bell". Now peoplecontinue to discover and create many new landscapes, such as Hongzhu Yongcui,Huxi Tingquan, Longjiang plank road, Longmen waterfall, Leidong Yanyun, JieyinFeihong, woyun floating boat, fir secluded forest, etc. The new ten scenes ofEmei are: Jinding Golden Buddha, Wanfo Chaozong, Xiaoping love, Qingyin Pinghu,Yougu Linghou, the first mountain Pavilion, cliff stone carvings, Xiujiawaterfall, Yingbin beach and the starting point of famous mountain. All arefascinating. When you enter the mountains, you can see many mountains andtowering ancient trees; you can see mountains and bridges broken by clouds; youcan see deep streams and deep valleys, and the sky is shining; you can seerivers flowing, and the water is murmuring; birds sing, and butterflies aredancing; monkeys play, and frogs play; you can see strange flowers and paths,and you can see unique caves. In spring, everything sprouts and growsluxuriantly; in summer, a hundred flowers are blooming; in autumn, the mountainsare full of red leaves and colorful; in winter, the snow is covered with snow.When you climb to Jinding, you can see far and wide, and the scenery ismagnificent. The view of sunrise, sea of clouds, Buddhas light and sunset makespeople relaxed and happy; the west view of Aiai snow peak, Gongga Mountain andWawu mountain connects the sky; the south view of Wanfo peak, rolling clouds andmagnificent momentum; the North view of Baili Pingchuan, like a beautiful shop,with a panoramic view of Dadu River and Qingyi River. When you are on the top ofEmei, you can feel the sigh of "looking at all the small mountains".

There are many clouds, few sunshine and abundant rainfall in the mountainarea of Emei. Part of the plain belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate,with the average temperature of 6.9 ℃ in January and 26.1 ℃ in July. Due to thehigh altitude and large slope of Mt. Emei, the climate zone has obvious verticaldistribution, with an altitude of 1500-2100 m belonging to warm temperateclimate; an altitude of 2100-2500 m belonging to moderate temperate climate; andan altitude of more than 2500 m belonging to sub frigid climate. Over 20__meters above sea level, about half a year is covered by ice and snow fromOctober to April of the next year.

Emei Scenic Area presents different climate characteristics with differentaltitudes. Below qingyinge is a low mountain area with lush vegetation, coolwind and clear spring. There is no big difference between the temperature andthat of the plain. Just add some clothes sooner or later. Qingyinge toXIXIANGCHI is a middle mountain area. The temperature is 4 ℃ - 5 ℃ lower thanthat of the plain at the foot of the mountain. Tourists need to prepare enoughclothes. From XIXIANGCHI to Jinding is a high mountain area. In the pedestrianclouds, the wind is cold and the rain is sudden. The temperature is about 12 ℃lower than that of Baoguo temple at the foot of the mountain. There are a lot ofcotton coats for tourists to rent. There is a "boundary" in the middle of Mt.Emei. The lower part of Mt. Emei is called "Yangjian", and the upper part of Mt.Emei is called "Yinjian". Cumulus has a certain weight, so its at the boundaryof Mount Emei. Therefore, tourists often hear thunder in Jinding, but only inthe "sunshine" it rains, while in the "Underworld" it doesnt.

The Xixia mausoleum is the mausoleum of the emperors of the Xixia Dynasty.Although it has been destructively damaged, its shape is destroyed, but itsskeleton still exists. The grand scale, rigorous layout and the remaining moundsstill show the unique flavor and style of the times of the Xixia Dynasty.

Xixia mausoleum is located in the eastern foot of Helan, about fivekilometers from east to west, and about ten kilometers from north to south.Within the area of more than 50 square kilometers, with the natural rise andfall of hills and ridges, there are nine Imperial Mausoleums and more than 200accompanying tombs of princes and princes. The Yellow mausoleums are as tall ashills. They spread out continuously under the Helan Mountain. Under thesunlight, they are resplendent and magnificent. The scale of the Xixia mausoleumarea is similar to that of the Ming Tombs in Beijing. The ground buildings ofthe mausoleum are composed of turrets, gate towers, stele pavilions, outer city,inner city, sacrificial hall, tower shaped mausoleum platform and other buildingunits. The overall layout of the mausoleum area is a longitudinal rectangle, andit is arranged in a left-right symmetrical format according to the traditionalChinese pattern of taking the North-South central line as the axis. Xixiamausoleum is a unique form of Xixia architecture in China.

Xixia museum is the first Xixia royal mausoleum in China, which is a realand vivid reminder of the rise and fall of Xixia kingdom. Covering an area of5300 square meters, the museum imitates the architectural style of Xixia, withunique style. It not only has the momentum of modern architecture, but alsoechoes with the mausoleum site, forming a strong national architectural style.The museum has selected 671 most representative Xixia cultural relics and 413volumes of monographs, papers and magazine articles. In it, you can see carveddragon stone pillars, stone horses, glazed gallstones, Xixia inscriptions, stonestatue seats, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist paintings, Xixia porcelain, officialseals, etc.; especially the 188kg gilt copper ox is a treasure of Xixia culturalrelics; and the Xixia ancient pagoda before maintenance is copied in a ratio of6:1; On the two floor, there are 8 selected Xixia murals, which show the essenceof Xixia grottoes and let people appreciate the brilliance and brilliance of theXixia kingdom. Many historical mysteries and unique national culture will surelyarouse your infinite reverie.

各位游客好!我姓林，叫我林导游，今天去的景点叫长城，希望大家会喜欢这个地方。 现在我给你们介绍一下长城，长城1987年12月被列为世界文化遗产，7月7日成为世界新七大奇迹之一。长城从东边的山海关到西边的嘉峪关，共有一万多千米，你们肯定走不到尾的。长城是用整齐的方砖和条石建筑而成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖十分整齐，像宽阔的马路，五六匹马可以共行。城墙外沿有两三米的成排垛子，垛子有方形的了望口和射口，提供了望和射击用。城墙顶上，每一段距离就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的好帮手。

现在，我们站在长城上，大家看这数不清的条石，一块就有三千公斤重，那时没有火车、汽车等，就靠着无数的肩膀和手，一步一步抬上去的，多少劳动人民血汗和智慧，才建筑而成这前不见头、后不见尾的万里长城。踏着脚下的方砖，扶着条石，我们理所当然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。 说到长城我给大家讲一个民间故事：古代有个叫孟姜女的妇人，她的丈夫被秦始皇捉去修建长城了。过了很久的一段时间，还没回来。于是她就找到长城。到了长城，她得知丈夫早就累死在长城上了。孟姜女伤心的大哭，哭了三天三夜，把长城哭倒了一大片。怎么样，大家听了这个故事是不是很感人啊，这就是有名的《孟姜女哭长城》。现在就让大家一起自己去看看这伟大的长城吧! 一个小时大家在这里集合。在玩中可以用相机留下自己美好的身影，但是请不要在墙上乱涂乱画，乱扔塑料袋、矿泉水瓶、废纸、果皮等垃圾。让我们共同维护祖先留下的遗产和美丽的名胜名地吧!

Set on the coast some 280 km east of Beijing, the seaside holiday resort ofBeidaihe is famous not only as a tourist center and as a good place torecuperate after illness, but also as one of the best places in the world to seemigratory birds.

China’’s Yanshan Mountain Range winds its way thousands of miles from thewest to the eastern seaboard. It sends a number of waterways like the Henghe,Daihe, Yanghe and Luanhe rivers down to the Bohai Sea at Beidaihe. They create avast area of wetlands, mud-banks, and lagoons with rich feeding and good placesfor birds to rest. Here migratory routes come together like great seasonalrivers of birds linking northeast Asia with south China, Indo-China, Australiaand even far off east Africa.

Nature has richly endowed Beidaihe with bird species and of the 1,198 foundin China, 416 have been recorded at Beidaihe. This is a part of the world thatplays host to eighteen species of gulls, three of swans, and six of cranes.

Xu Weishu, vice director of the China Ornithological Society tells of thetime when as many as 2,729 oriental white storks were recorded in Beidaihe,doubling the previous world record.

Look into the skies of Beidaihe in the first ten days of November everyyear and you will be sure to see flocks of red-crowned cranes and whitecranes.

The year from May 1999 to May 20__ saw ten new bird species added to thelist for Beidaihe.

Back in the 1940s Danish scientist, Axel Hemmingsen, published a reportsaying that he had seen large numbers of cranes at Beidaihe, but no one followedup on this at the time. Then in 1985 guided by Hemmingsen’’s report, Britishornithologist Doctor Martin Williams first came to Beidaihe. With the help of anofficial from the Beidaihe tourism authority, Dr Williams visited ShijiutuoIsland in nearby Laoting County. What he discovered there was far beyond hisexpectations and he found many new kinds of birds. Since then, accompanied byhis Chinese counterpart, Xu Weishu, he has brought many overseas professionalstogether in Beidaihe every year to enjoy watching the birds and carry outresearch.

Since the first two parties of Chinese bird enthusiasts visited Beidaihe in1999, more and more domestic visitors have joined bird watching groups goingthere on vacation.

Beidaihe has enjoyed a good reputation since 1893. It was then that aBritish engineer helping build a railway line recognized that with its lowhills, beaches and sea breezes, the headland was an ideal place to go to escapethe summer heat of the interior. On his recommendation, the first holidaymakersarrived. Beidaihe, until then a poor fishing village, quickly became popularwith diplomats, merchants, missionaries, and well off Chinese.

Meanwhile the birds are regular visitors here too. Flocks of gulls areeasily spotted. What might not be so easy is to be able to distinguish among thebewildering variety in the skies over Beidaihe. Many different birds passthrough here as the seasons come and go and every year still sees fresh speciesspotted. It is a magnificent sight to see the occasional flock of large cranespass by or to watch the birds of prey, however the larger birds have beendecreasing in number.

Everybody is good!

My name is Han Jiexin, lets shanxi museum silk taeniasis and the road a little announcer of the courtyard. Today I showed you are a beautiful silk taeniasis and tour, I hope my service can make you satisfied. The first natural kind, natural explanation.

You may know, silk sash from shanxi datong road, has been to extend to Rome, the whole road passed in over 20 countries, it may be the worlds most long trade route. Ill introduce you to a squat run copper, the warriors of the cultural relics in 475 BC to 221 BC during the warring states period. Those high 40. 6 cm, and the time is in 1938, the site is xinyuan county 巩乃斯 henan now in xinjiang uygur autonomous region museum. To write the historical value or historical significance.

A mysterious ancient loulan city before, China has been used to the eastern jin period. Around the 4th century AD loulan ancient mysterious disappeared, never appeared in the Chinese history, loulan people go to which, has always been a mystery? Explanation scope are very attractive.

Next, I tell you some of the old Stone Age, the stone hit method has pounded, touch the anvil, ZaJi method. Dressing technology are: soft lamented, pressure stripping method, the indirect method, and so on. What are the typical stone to explain here.

Today I service for you will come to an end. My name is Han Jiexin, hope you remember me. Thank you for your support and cooperation! Thank you again!

Liaocheng has a long history and brilliant culture. As early as in primitive society have ancestors in the breeding, engaged in agricultural production. City land found about 6, seven thousand, 100 of longshan culture, they are so far found that the countrys largest longshan culture city. Visible, the ancient west bank dhi water was an important political and cultural center.

Xia period, liaocheng economic and social development faster, agriculture and handicraft industry more developed; During the spring and autumn period, liaocheng west qi important cities; During the warring states period, liaocheng fight for governors; Qin and han dynasties, economic and cultural get rapid development, peoples living standard has improved a lot, copper, iron, aluminum is the main production tools, using well solve the problem of drinking water and irrigation, very travel home to ride horses, bronze mirror, smoked furnace become necessities, can production technology with higher levels of pottery, culture education career development faster, has trained many military commanders to celebrities; Of three kingdoms, two jin, northern and southern dynasties, frequent wars, natural disasters, which local unified time, relatively stable society, economic and cultural undertakings, has a certain degree of recovery and development; Sui cause four years (608), emperor yangdi digging the beijing-hangzhou grand canal, making the city traffic, water conservancy facilities, to promote the development of economy and culture, then linqing is an important transport hub.

Throughout the city in tang dynasty is a period of political, economic and cultural overall development, especially the education career developed, has created many celebrities; Glorious history of the Ming and qing dynasties is liaocheng period, Ming dynasty minister doctor crown cover does less and east cabinet ministers pound company article on male Yu Shenhang Yu Wanli seven years written "dongchang year rebuilt tablet", have "goods convergence, jiangbei will", "cao wans throat, days close by" sentence, such as by unexpectedly from today. Yuan to $26 years (1289) to the Ming yongle nine years (1415) brought several times between the resumption of tong river, through the development of Chinas north and south of the grand canal to liaocheng boom vitality, linqing, liaocheng dongchangfu district (now) be along one of the nine largest commercial port.

"Chan liaocheng city of fireworks, more than thousand households", many businessmen, doing well in all sectors, boat and ZhouLu connect, horses and chariots, goods product, however. Foreign merchant guild alongside the river, a famous chung building shelf, a house, the qing emperor kangxi emperor 4 times to chat, qianlong emperor nine times in liaocheng. The city commerce and prosperity, agriculture, textile, printing, hunan, handicraft industry, ceramic industry, food industry, shipbuilding industry, brick grain transportation industry developed. Throughout the city before the building of the republic of China, there are union members of their secret organization innovation. During the period of the republic of China, liaocheng is the regulation of political, cultural, center. At the beginning of the republic of China, there are cotton industry research institute, assembly, demonstration, built roads, established the motor transport company, lights, Banks, in the weaving mill, hospitals, government schools, normal schools, etc. Later period of the republic of China, as a result of warlords, the Japanese invasion, which composed of great damage.

After "the July 7th incident" in 1937, liaocheng become the anti-japanese front. The anti-japanese armed forces of more than 60000 people, fighting the Japanese army more than 80 times, to defend its vast territory, liaocheng people made great contribution and sacrifice to the victory of war of resistance against Japanese aggression. War of liberation period, liaocheng is the rear of the base of the Chinese peoples liberation army, liu Deng Dajun into the dabie mountains, crossing the Yellow River, the city land, 37000 people have joined the army; Within the territory of move south of the huai hai campaign, across the river, people organization fleet, team to support the peoples liberation army combat stretcher, made great contribution to the war victory. After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, liaocheng people inherit the historical tradition, the arduous struggle, forge ahead, in all walks of life have made significant achievements.

Liaocheng rich resources, convenient transportation and communication developed, tourism become a new industry. Liaocheng is Chinas important commodity grain, cotton, vegetables, fruit, livestock and poultry production base and agricultural and sideline products deep processing and export base. Including high-protein wheat, pears, round bell jujube, cantaloup, small tail han sheep, luxi cattle and other famous rare influence of well-known Chinese and foreign, pollution-free vegetables planting area of 1 million mu, edible fungus cultivation area in the countrys first, most famous guan pears planting area of 600000 mu, for most of the country, cattle market more than 100 100 head, poultry market more than 500 500 only. Water resource is enough, there are 10 gates, horse buccal the north-south river, the beijing-hangzhou grand canal, together with upstream WeiShan located in Yellow River irrigation area, water conservancy conditions is extremely advantageous. City land available surface water resources for many years an average total of 45.486 billion cubic meters, crossing the Yellow River water resource of 42.03 billion cubic meters, the availability of 951 million cubic meters of groundwater resources. Coal, oil, natural gas, limestone, gypsum, iron underground mineral-rich, etc. Geothermal resources is yet to be developed. There are many different kinds of biological resources and food crop varieties more than 500, 107 economic crop varieties, vegetable varieties, more than 600 varieties of medicine, 61, 225 forest tree varieties, 146 varieties of flower, 95 varieties of animals. Liaocheng in shandong province is one of the most developed city traffic, beijing-kowloon railway, HanJi railway, jeju museum highway intersection here, is an important transport hub connecting north and south, east and west.

Liaocheng railway line railway marshalling station is one of the four marshalling yards. From liaocheng, arrive at the jinan airport 1 hour, 4 hours to Qingdao port, arrived in Beijing in 3.5 hours. Information industry is developing rapidly, has realized the exchange Cheng Konghua, digital transmission, three-dimensional network of modern telecommunication network. Liaocheng also opened a computer to the Internet and multimedia communications networks. "Liaocheng information port" is a part of China public multimedia information net, it connected to the foreign information network, to realize the resource sharing with the world. Liaocheng is the national famous historical and cultural city, natural resources and humanistic landscape blend to form the rich tourism resources. More than 2700 places of interests, tourism development value of landscape has more than 470. 3 national key cultural relics protection units, the provincial key protection unit 15 place, especially in liaocheng city unique "jiangbei shuicheng" characteristics, known as the "Venice of the north China," said. With "jiangbei shuicheng, ancient canal" new city positioning and constant efforts, an emerging tourist leisure destination - liaocheng, also marched in the forefront of the leisure city construction. BBS of leisure development 20xx "China (international)", 20xx "the third China (international) leisure development of BBS, BBS unveiled the" China top ten leisure city "with the results, liaocheng two times on the list.

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游__x。

从八达岭长城往南，沿著名的“关沟”直下约5公里的中间地带，就是明万里长城最负盛名的雄关之一——居庸关。居庸关自古就是今北京地区西北的屏障。

如果说八达岭是西北进入北京的第一道门户的话，这里就是第二道门户。居庸关两侧高山耸立，翠峰重迭，峭壁陡不可攀。中间一径相通，地势十分险要。成书于战国时期的《吕氏春秋》中就有“天下九塞，居庸其一”的记载。

居庸关在漫长的岁月中，虽始终是兵防重镇，却屡易其名，三国时称“西关”，北齐时改“纳款关”，唐时又先称“蓟门关”，后改为“军都关”，由辽以后经金、元、明、清至今，一直称谓“居庸关”。秦时，虽然秦始皇所修长城不经过这里，但此地已是秦军都县和居庸县的关口。到北魏时期的公元446年，这里才开始有了长城。公元555年，北齐政权所修长城也曾经过这里。此时，居庸关才真正成为长城线上的一个重要隘口。明朝建立之初，就于洪武三年(公元1370年)派开国元勋徐达修筑了居庸关关城。关城两侧的长城城墙，紧接关城向两翼山上延伸，其形如大鹏展翅。城墙随山势地形而筑，在山巅平缓处的垛口为“凹”字形，墙筑在陡峭山坡，垛口为台阶式，呈锯齿状。关城设南北二门，街长二里余，南门筑有瓮城。垛口、射洞齐备，咽喉通道穿入南北门。具有“一夫当关，万夫莫开”之险。它与明长城的倒马关和紫荆关合称为“内三关”。

居庸关云台位于居庸关城的中心，为一过街塔基座，用汉白玉砌成。建于元至元五年(公元1345年)。台上原矗立三座石制-塔，俗称“过街塔”。塔在元末明初时先后被毁。明正统四年(公元1439年)，在台上重建寺院，名泰安寺。寺又于清代康熙四十一年(公元1702年)被焚毁。现存塔基高9.5米，下基东西长26.84米，南北长17.57米。台顶四周安设有雕刻精美的石护栏及排水龙头。台座正中间南北各开一券门，券洞为八边折角式拱券，这是我国仅存的宋、元以前城关门洞的建筑形式。券面及券洞内雕有迦楼罗(金翅鸟)、大龙神、卷叶花等。券洞内左右两壁，刻有属于-教内容的佛教图像，如四大天王像，以大鹏、鲸鱼等六种形象组成的法相饰“六〓具”等。四大天王之间，布满了用梵、藏、八思巴、维吾尔、汉、西夏西夏六种文字刻写的佛经，以及用汉文刻写的《造塔功德记》。券洞顶部雕刻有10尊坐佛和若干小佛像，还雕刻有各种花草图案。

居庸关，是京北长城沿线上的著名古关城，"天下九塞"之一，"太行八陉"之八，国家级文物保护单位。

关城所在的峡谷，属太行余脉军都山地，西山夹峙，下有巨涧，悬崖峭壁，地形极为险要。居庸关与紫荆关、倒马关、固关并称明朝京西四大名关，其中居庸关、紫荆关、倒马关又称内三关。

庸关在北京市昌平县境内，形势险要，自古为兵家必争之地。有南北两个关口，南名“南口”，北称“居庸关”。居庸关两旁，山势雄奇，中间有长达18公里的溪谷，俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕，翠峰重迭，花木郁茂，山鸟争鸣。绮丽的风景，有“居庸叠翠”之称，被列为“燕京八景”之一。居庸关的中心有一个“过街塔”基座，名“云台”，取其“远望如在云端”之意。云台创建于元至正二至五年(1342一1345年)，是用汉白玉石筑成的，台高9.5米，上顶东西宽25.21米，南北长12.9米;下基东西宽26.84米。南北长15.57米，上小下大，平面呈矩形。台顶四周的石栏杆、望柱、栏板、滴水龙头等建筑，都保持着元代的艺术风格。台基中央有一个门洞，门道可通行人、车、马。云台可谓是元代一座大型的石雕艺术精品。云台上原建有三座白色喇嘛塔，可惜毁于元末明初。此后在台基上建了“泰安寺”，清康熙四十一年(1702年)，寺遭火焚，仅存云台。现在台顶上的柱础，就是明代泰安寺殿字的遗物。

居庸关附近，还有“仙枕石”、“五郎庙”、“六郎寨”、“弹琴峡”、“望京石”、“天险”、“穆桂英点将台”、“詹天佑铜像”等景点，增添了这座雄关的风采。1992年昌平区十三陵特区办事处为保护文物，对关城建筑进行了全面修复，再现了昔日的雄姿。关城附近自然景观十分壮美，早在金明昌年间(公元1190—1195年)“居庸叠翠”之名已列入“燕山八景”。

居庸关在距北京市区50余公里外的昌平县境内。相传秦始皇修长城时，将囚犯、士卒和强征来的民夫徙居于此，后取“徙居庸徒”之意，故名居庸关。汉代沿称，此后各代仍称居庸关口这里山峦间花木郁茂葱笼，仿如碧波翠浪，故有“居庸叠翠”之称。居庸关形势险要，自古为兵家必争之地，它有南北两个关口，南名“南口”，北称“八达岭”。居庸关两旁山势雄奇，中间有长达18公里的溪谷，俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕、翠峰重叠、花木郁茂、山鸟争鸣，被列为“燕京八景”之一。

居庸关长城所在的峡谷，属太行余脉军都山地，地形极为险要。早在春秋战国时代，燕国就要扼控此口，时称“居庸塞”。汉朝时，居庸关城已颇具规模。南北朝时，关城建筑又与长城连在一起。此后历唐、辽、金、元数朝，居庸峡谷都有关城之设。

居庸关长城在北京昌平县境内，距北京市区60公里，是长城的一个重要关口，古代北京西北的重要屏障，形势险要。然而，这个汉代关始设立的开口，历尽沧桑，残损严重，渐渐失

居庸关长城(4张)去公众的关注。历时4年、耗资上亿元的居庸关长城修复工程已竣工，居庸关长城已于1998年3月正式对游人开放。

游览居庸关主要是观赏那高六雄伟的关城和连锦起伏的垛口，以及云台精美石雕。

关城：明代居庸关有南北雨个外围关口，南边的叫南口，北边的为八达岭口(北口)，关城就设在南口北边的峡谷(关淆)中。城设南北门，南门筑有瓮城，一条困喉通道穿入南北门。关城两旁高山耸立，重因叠蟑，林木葱郁，早在800多年前的金代，就被列为燕京八景之一，称为「居庸叠翠」。

云台：在关城的中心，有一座雕刻精美的汉白玉石台，名为「云台」，建於元代至正五年(公元1 345年)，原是建筑物的台基，台上先后建有过街塔、泰安寺，现仅存星座。云台的雕刻集中在券门和券洞内。券门雨侧到有金刚杵及各种兽类浮雕，正中刻有金翅鸟王;券洞内壁有四六天王浮雕及汉、藏、回、蒙、梵、西夏6种文字所到的《陀罗尼经咒》和《造塔功德记》。券顶布满曼陀罗花及小佛像，雕刻极为精致。

建筑特点

1.呈圆周封闭形建筑形式;

2.宽窄、高低变化大，最宽16.7米，最窄1.2米。东山长城比河 居庸关长城

套长城高出370米左右。墙体内侧低，外侧高，外侧叫垛口墙，内侧叫女墙或宇墙，可以有效地抗击敌人;

3.建筑结构形式多样，是整个长城建筑的精华，在清理基址时发现有花岗岩条石垒成的，有碎石块砌成的，有砖砌的，说明它的建筑年代不同;

4.军事防御范围广，周围面积50多公顷，南北券城相距约850米左右，东山顶至西山顶直线距离1150米，防御设施有南、北券城、城楼、水门、水闸、敌楼、铺房、烽隧、角楼、炮台等。长城上的敌楼、烽燧、铺房，是古代打仗时作为掩体和士兵居住的地方，共修复了25座，这些按明代规制烧的城砖，都是靠人工、牲畜往上运送材料。高大雄伟的城楼，南北各有一座，楼为三重檐歇山式绿琉璃瓦翦边，高21米，下面城台高10米。城楼是指挥作战的中心，所以建造高大。站在楼上，可以一目了然，有利于观敌情。城台下面有券门通瓮城。瓮城即大城门外的月城，用以增强城池的防御力量。

景点

券城与南北关

南关瓮城呈马蹄形，南关主城门南北走，向上有重檐歇山城楼一座，自地面计算高31.8米，瓮城西侧有瓮城城门通往关城向南的大道，在弧形瓮城城台上设有炮台，陈列着明代古灯，外墙有垛口，内侧墙低矮无垛口。作战时可将敌人诱入瓮城，主城关闭阻其入城，再放瓮城闸门，敌人就被困在瓮城里，只能束手就擒，有“瓮中捉鳖”之意，因此得名瓮城，在瓮城之中建有一座福佑关城的关王庙。北关与南关作用相同，呈长方形的瓮城上设有炮台，瓮城城门朝向北侧，北瓮城中建有北方镇守大神真武庙，庙内供有十二生肖神，水火。

古炮

资料图片在居庸关南券城和北券城城墙之上，分别陈列5门古炮。南券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门，长1.7米，炮口口径8厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门，长1.7米，炮口口径15厘米;北券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门，长1.77米和1.79米，炮口口径7厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门;长为1.08米、1.5米、1.7米，炮口口径为14厘米和8厘米。明代是我国古代大炮制铸和使用最兴盛时期。元朝末年，朱元璋起义，和州人焦立向他呈献十支新式武器“火铳”。用火药发射铁弹丸，当时称为“火龙枪”。明朝建立以后，专门设有兵仗军器局，研制铸造大炮。大炮被称为“神威大将军”。在军队中，设有使用大炮的军机营。京城卫戎，长城关口要冲，配备神机营。明成祖时，下令在长城沿线安置大炮。还“佛郎机”“神枪”“铁铳”等。《明史.兵志》记载，到了明代中叶，大炮的铸造工业逐于精良，制造出的“红夷大炮”长可二丈有余，重三千斤。发之洞裂石城，声震数十里。这种炮，有照门和准星用于瞄准，射程可达500多米。在修复居庸关北关城时，发掘出土石炮弹23枚，最大直径为15厘米，铁炮弹6枚，最大直径5厘米。[1]

云台石刻

云台石刻堪称一绝，券门内两侧右壁及顶部遍刻佛像，佛像造型生动，雕刻技艺高超，六种文字的石刻经文、咒语为历史研究提供了难能可贵的资料。据专家考证，石刻造像具有典型的藏传佛教萨迦教派的特征。进入券门两壁刻四大天王像。天王身躯高大，怒目圆睁，并有厉鬼在其左右，是护持佛法，镇守国家四方的尊神。据说明朝正德年间，武宗皇帝朱厚燳微服出游，夜间骑马偷偷混出居庸关时，他的坐骑见到四大天王像，吓得不敢前行。无奈之下武宗下令用烟火把像熏黑了，才得以出关。

券门两壁四天王的空间处，有用梵、藏、八思巴、畏兀儿、西夏、汉等六种文字镌刻的《如来心经》经文、咒语、造塔功德记等，西夏文是纪录我国古代党项族语言的文字，创制于公元1036—1038年间，当时约有六千多字流行。八思巴文是元世祖忽然必烈命其帝师八思巴创立的蒙古新字。它脱胎于藏文，采用拼音的方式书写，并于公元1269年颁诏推行。以上两种文字流传时间很短便废弃不用，而保存下来的石刻文字对破译古代文字，以及研究西夏、蒙古历史都提供了非常珍贵的实物资料。

居庸关

居庸关券门顶部刻有五个曼荼罗，即五组圆形图案式佛像，佛界称其为坛场。坛场的设立有保护众佛修炼铁，防止魔众侵犯的意思。五曼荼罗的主尊佛像，由北往南依次为：释迦牟尼佛(如来佛)、阿弥陀佛(菩萨形)、阿佛(菩萨形)、金刚手菩萨、普明菩萨。其中除释迦牟尼为佛祖之外，其他四菩萨在此显现，则有四方教主的意思。五曼荼罗连同其他佛像，共197尊。

券顶两侧的斜面上，刻有十方佛，在每方佛的周围还分别刻有小佛102座，共计小佛1020座，取共千佛之意。这些小佛，是明朝正统年间，修建泰安寺(1443—1449年)时，由镇守永宁(今延庆县境)的太监谷春主持补刻的。连同十方佛下的菩萨、比丘，券项两侧部共有刻像1060尊。

券门的南北券面上，雕刻着造型独特、别具一格的一组造像，其中有大鹏、鲸鱼、龙子、童男、兽王、象王等等，佛界称其为“六拿具”。大鹏寓意慈悲鲸鱼为保护之相，龙子表示救护之意，童男骑在兽王上自然是寓意福资在天，而象王则有温驯善师的含意，券面最下端的石刻纹饰为交杵,又称羯魔杵、金刚杵。原本为古印度的一种兵器，在此为断烦恼、伏恶魔，护持佛法的法器。鉴于云台刻石造像的历史与文物价值，1961年，经国务院批准，云台刻石造像被列为第一批全国重点保护文物。

真武庙(1996年修复)

明洪熙元年(1425年)建。真武庙所祀主神为真武大帝。真武即玄武，是中国古代神话中的北方之神，道教所奉的神。相传古净乐国王的太子，生而神猛，越东海来游，遇天神授宝剑，入湖北武当山修炼，经42年而功成，白日飞升，威镇北方，号玄武君，宋代皇帝因避其祖赵玄朗名讳，改玄武为“真武”。宋真宗时尊为“镇天真武灵应圣帝君”，简称“真武帝君”。元朝时加封真武为“元圣仁威玄天上帝”，成为北方最高神。明代对真武信仰达到鼎盛。朱棣称帝后，特加封真武为“北极镇天真武玄天上帝”，并将其所谓修炼之地——武当山赐名“大岳太和山”。相传，洪武初大将军徐达北征“屡有真武灵助之”，因而在关内修建此庙。修复的庙内有道教真武神八大元帅、六丁六甲神将、水火二将和青龙、白虎等神像。

城隍庙

这组庙宇规模较大。城隍是道教所传守护城池的神。中国古代称有水的城堑为“池”，无水的城堑为“隍”。据说三千多年前的周代，除夕要祭祀八种神，其中就有城神、隍神。以后两神合二为一，就成为城池之神了。道教认为城隍是剪恶除凶、护城安民之神，能应人之求，旱时降雨，涝时转晴，以保五谷丰登，百姓安泰。

最早是三国东吴时，在安徽芜湖建城隍神庙，以供拜祭。到了唐代，祭祀城隍逐渐普遍，人们把一些在地方有功的开明人士死后奉为城隍神，希望他能继续福佑乡土，保护百姓。宋代祭祀城隍更是遍行各乡。到了明朝，明太祖元璋即位不久，就下令在都城南京修建规模宏大的城隍庙，并颁布城隍神的封号爵级，敕封京城城隍为帝，开封临濠等地的城隍为王;府级城隍为威灵公，官居二品，州级城隍为显佑伯，官居四品，并按照级别，配制服饰。另外，城隍还管领亡魂。朱元璋还为城隍组织了一套机构，设有判官和衙役，道教乘机声称“城隍老爷”有权拘捕活人到阴间，死人的阴魂也都首先到城隍庙去接受审问。新官上任必须斋戒沐浴去祭祀城隍庙后，方得进衙理事，每月初一、十五还得前往祭拜。

朱元璋如此重视城隍神是有他的目的的。朱元璋曾对大学士宋濂透露过心里话：“朕立城隍神，使人知畏，人有所畏，则不敢妄为”。说穿了，大肆鼓吹神鬼的威力，不过是震慑臣民，目的是巩固封建统治。居庸关的城隍庙建于明洪武年间(1368-1397年)。清代乾隆三十年(1765年)重修。在这里建置城隍庙除为了护佑关城外，还有约束军民的用意。这次修复是1996年，庙内塑有城隍、阎王、山神、地神等神像。

水门

居庸关地形险要两侧高山，中间一水，水道，南北方向贯穿关城。长城与河道交叉之处，建有双孔圆拱水门，水门上有闸楼，内设水闸，借此控制门内外水量。洪水季节打开闸口，泻洪，枯水季节，储备河水供关城使用。水门桥墩为南北尖状，以利于减少洪水对水门的作用力，起到了防止毁坏，延长使用时间的作用。

大家好！欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。

长城是世界七大奇迹之一。它是中国古代劳动人民的血汗，也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。游客们，我们已经来到了著名的八达岭长城上，两旁的山上，是苍松翠柏，好像云遮雾障，禽鸟和鸣，溪流淙淙，处处充满了诗情画意。您向远处看，可以发现这里的长城分为南、北两峰，蜿蜒于山脊之上，龙腾虎跃、气象万千，景色十分壮观。长城依山而建，高低起伏，曲折绵延。这段长城的墙体是用整齐巨大的条石铺成，有的条石长达2米，重数百斤。内部填满泥土和石块，墙上顶地面的地方铺满方砖，十分平整。墙顶外侧筑有高2米的垛口，上有了望孔，下有射击口，供仰望和射击用。城墙每隔一段，筑有一个堡垒式的方形城台。城台有高有低，高的叫敌搂，是守望和军士住宿的地方；低的叫墙台，高度与城墙相差不多但突出墙外，四周有垛口，是巡逻放哨的地方。

八达岭海拔1000米，绵延曲折的长城如巨龙腾飞于崇山峻岭之上。它不仅是中华民族勤劳、智慧的结晶，也是古代建筑工程的杰出代表。登上八达岭长城，极目远望，山峦起伏，雄沉刚劲的北方山势，尽收眼底。长城因山势而雄伟，山势因长城更加险峻。

下面就到了烽火台，又叫烽燧，狼烟台。是不和长城相连的独立建筑。一旦敌人来犯，就点燃烽火通报军情，白天点燃的烟叫做烽火，晚上的叫做燧火。明朝的时候，还对烽火与敌人的关系作了严格的规定：敌人百余个，燃一烟点一炮；五百人，燃两烟点两炮；千人以上，三烟三炮；五千人以上，四烟四炮；万人以上，五烟五炮。就通过这种方式，在边关的军情能够飞速的传递到皇城大内。看到烽火台，再给大家讲一个故事，叫（烽火戏诸侯）：周朝有个国君叫周幽王，他有一个美女，她的脾气很怪，总是不笑，幽王就想办法。于是他点燃了求救信号（烽火），结果，引得诸侯白来一趟，她却哈哈大笑，幽王也很开心。可是，真有敌人来进攻的时候，幽王点燃了烽火，却不见人来，幽王就被敌人杀死了。还有一个故事，叫（孟姜女哭塌长城）：传说当年孟家生了一个女儿叫孟姜女。因为秦始皇要修筑长城，需要很多人力。秦始皇便抓了许多人去修长城。突然，不知从哪里冒出一句谣言：只有把万喜良埋在长城底下，就可以使长城永保坚固，秦始皇就信以为真，派人捉拿万喜良。万喜良逃到了孟家。孟家的人见万喜良英俊潇洒、才华横溢，就让孟姜女和万喜良成亲了。好景不长，两人成亲不到十天，万喜良就被官府的人抓去修长城了。到了秋天，孟姜女见丈夫还没回来，给他送寒衣去了。一路上，风餐露宿，日夜兼程，千里迢迢来到长城脚下。当地人却告诉她：万喜良早就被埋在长城下面了。她顿时悲痛欲绝，放声痛哭。霎时，天昏地暗，八百里长城被哭塌了。正在这时，秦始皇巡察长城而来，他见孟姜女长得眉清目秀，就想让她做妃子。孟姜女让秦始皇答应她三个条件：一是为万喜良修一座坟墓；二是让满朝文武祭奠万喜良；三是在长城和万喜良的坟墓中间修一座和飞虹一样雄伟的大桥。三件事办完之后，她就投海自尽了。

taishan mountain in shandong was included as "world cultural and natural heritage" by unesco in dec 1987.

taishan mountain, a typical representative of the chinese famous traditional mountains, is a mountain with a long history and a special historic status. in 1982, taishan mountain was up into the list of state key scenic spots and was formally listed in the directory of world natural and cultural heritage in 1987. it becomes a precious heritage of human being.

taishan mountain locates in the east of north china plain and the middle of shandong province erecting from the shandong hills. it is prominent around other hills. the prominent peak, yuhuang peak, is 1545 meters high and locates in east 117.6 degree, north 36.16 degree. the south of taishan mountain is higher than the north. its south foot of mountain begins from taian city and its north foot of mountain stops in jinan city, the distance between which is 60kms. in taishan mountain, the transportation is convenient with the jinghu railway passing by in the west. in its north is jinan city, which has another name of "spring city". the distance between taishan mountain and qubu is 70kms. many roads and railways such as taifei, taixin, taining, and taiji meet in taian city, which just locates in the south of taishan mountain.

taishan mountain is in a superior geographic location with abundant water and thermal resources, and its climate belongs to the warm temperate zone half wetness monsoon climate. as regard to its historic position, in the ancient times, taishan mountain is a developed region—— in the lower reaches of the yellow river. as regard to its cultural position, it is the center of dongyi culture. in the south foot of taishan mountain, there is da fenkou culture, and there is longshan culture in its north foot, it is the center of qi and lu. and its transportation is more superior. taishan mountain is in a key position where the railway from central plains to shandong peninsula meets the railway connecting the south and north of the east coast. there are no hills between taishan mountain and the capitals in the ancient times as well as the developed regions. this superior condition helps taishan mountain gain the first position among the five famous mountains in china.

Hello, Im guide Wang from Shanghai Jinjiang International Co., Ltd. youcan call me guide Wang. Now we are going to Sanqing mountain. Well go up bycable car later, and Ill explain to you after we go up. Please pay attentionnot to climb railings, rocks and trees, not to pick flowers, not to scribble andcarve.

Tourists, now our foot is Sanqing mountain. Since ancient times, Sanqingmountain has enjoyed the reputation of "no more bustling place in the world, thehighest mountain in the south of the Yangtze River in the Han Dynasty". It isdangerous in the East, strange in the west, beautiful in the north and unique inthe south. Its beauty lies in its simplicity and nature, and its wonder lies inboth form and spirit. Sanqing mountain has always been known as "strange peaksand rocks, ancient trees and famous flowers, flowing springs and waterfalls, seaof clouds and fog". Today we are mainly looking at strange peaks and rocks.Please follow me.

Look, this strange stone in front of us is called "goddess Sichun", alsocalled "Oriental Goddess". The shape of the whole mountain is like a beautifulgirl with beautiful hair and shawl sitting in the clouds, watching the people onthe ground affectionately. Because people regard it as a symbol of spring, theycall it "goddess of spring" or "Oriental Goddess". Because it is related tolove, it is also known as the peak of love in China. Please move on.

You see, this is the landmark landscape of Sanqing mountain - Python out ofthe mountain. It stands against the "Oriental Goddess". The emergence of Pythonis a huge granite pillar formed by weathering and gravity disintegration. Thereare several transverse cracks on the peak, but after hundreds of millions ofyears of wind and rain, it still stands. Its top is flat, its neck is slightlythin, and the diameter of the thinnest part is only 7 meters. Its like a hugeboa constrictor breaking out of the mountain and about to fly away. You can takephotos here and have a rest. Well continue our tour later.

Tourists, now we come to the West Coast scenic spot of Sanqing mountain.The stone presented in front of our eyes is called "Monkey King presentstreasure". Monkey King is about 7 meters tall, sitting on the cliff, holding atreasure in his hand, gazing at it with a charming naive manner. Whos themonkey king? The monkey king who made a big noise in heaven!

Sanqing mountain is a world natural heritage, a treasure of JiangxiProvince as well as a treasure of China. This is the end of our trip to Sanqingmountain. Bon Voyage!

Ladies and gentlemen

There are many scenic spots in Qixingyan, among which the big ones are thearch Range Rover, Pinghu Youdi, Langfeng sunset, jade screen emerald, stoneforest qiaogu, Hongqiao Xuelang, shuiyueyanyun, Songtai range moon,shishicangqi, Millennium poetry Gallery, Bixia yingyu, Tianzhu Jiexing, Lianhuboating, apoyongquan, guixuan liuzui, Beifeng floating green, Kaitian cave,Yuepu Songtao, Xianzhang autumn wind, waves and sea Zhaohui Ten scenes.

Before we knew it, we arrived at the foot of the sun rock. In fact, when wegot here, we had already climbed half of the mountain. That is to say, we hadalready climbed the mountain before we knew it. How about it? Its notdifficult.

Through this flat grassland, the towering tower in front of it is calledthe relic tower, which is modeled after the Liuhe tower in Hangzhou and theBaoen temple tower in Nanjing. The tower has nine floors and eight sides. It is67 meters high. We Chengde people call it "Liuhe tower". There are shibaquangates on the north and south sides of the first floor. You can climb to the topof the tower along the spiral steps. There are Buddhist statues in the tower.When Qianlong lived in the villa, he sometimes went to the pagoda in the morningto worship Buddha. The towering pagoda, with its green fields, is magnificentand eye-catching.

The first part of riguangyan is riguangyan temple. The Mountain Gate infront of it was written by the late Buddhist president Qu Puchu. Its coupletdescribes the special geographical location and beautiful scenery ofriguangyan.

Enter the third gate (if they want to shoot, let them shoot, and then tellthem to concentrate under the mango tree)

Just now, you have photographed (or seen) the Moya stone carving in frontof you. It doesnt look very impressive, but its the first scene of riguangyan.At first glance, you will find that there is only one person named Lin Yu (thesame as "needle"), and you often think it must be written by him. In fact, itsnot. The earliest one is more than 400 years away from the latest one. You cansee that "Gulang Dongtian" is the earliest one found on riguangyan The stonecarving was written in 1573 by Ding Yizhong, the magistrate of Quanzhou inFujian Province in the Ming Dynasty. It has been more than 400 years since now."Gulang" refers to "Gulangyu" and "Dongtian" in Taoism, it often refers to theplace where the immortals live, that is to say, "Dongtianfudi" in Taoism;"Lujiang No.1" was written by Lin Yu, a gifted scholar of the Qing Dynasty,which is more than 100 years ago. "Lujiang" refers to the Strait we passed inthe morning ferry year; "Tianfeng Haitao" was written by Xu Shiying, thegovernor of Fujian Province, in 1915. These three inscriptions respectivelydescribe the beautiful scenery of riguangyan as fairyland. Now we mainlyappreciate "Tianfeng Haitao". To appreciate it, we need to go to the top ofriguangyan mountain.

Im looking at the sunlight rock temple. It was built in the Ming Dynastyand was initially called "Lianhua nunnery". It is one of the four famousnunneries in Xiamen. The other three nunneries are either destroyed or in thearmy. Only this nunnery is open to the outside world. It was originally a cave,with a huge stone as the top, so it was called "a tile". Then why is it alsocalled riguangyan temple? There are two versions: first, whenever the sun risesfrom the opposite Wulao peak, it is the first to bathe in the sun, so it iscalled riguangyan temple; Second, there are two characters "Huang Yan" on theright side of the rock. (1647) when Zheng Chenggong, a national hero, came here,he found that the scenery here was better than that of the sun mountain inJapan, so he split the word "Huang" into two characters "Sunlight", hence thename. If you look at the architecture of this temple, you may have been to manyplaces, but its still the first time to see this kind of architecture. You cansee that the Maituo hall and the Daxiong hall are opposite, which cant be seenelsewhere. The reason is very simple. Its because of the small site. This kindof structure is rare in the whole country. So its also a small and exquisitetemple. Although he is small, what he worships inside is the authentic GuanyinBodhisattva in Yunmen. Because of the beautiful scenery, master Hongyi (LiShutong), one of Chinas top ten eminent monks, closed for eight months in June1936 to review the book "the true prescription of Guanyin Bodhisattva", that is"Pu men pin". (next to the temple is the Xuting Pavilion. On the stone is carvedthe record of Xuting written by Shi Guoqiu, a Chinese Taiwanese. The article describesthe magnificent scenery of riguangyan, which is "surrounded by mountains andsea, the first Tianjin in the southeast of the polar eye, the water and lightconnecting the sky, and the flood bathing in the sun.". )

Riguangyan is a famous place of interest in Xiamen. It is not only famousfor its beautiful scenery, but also has many famous stone carvings, such as"jiuxia Shenghan" (whats the name of their signature? Tieyi is the pen name ofHuang Zhongxun, a wealthy businessman on Gulangyu Island and an overseas Chinesein Vietnam. "Jiuxia" refers to 90 days in summer, where is the cool meaning inhot summer? It is the main source of confrontation between the two mountains"Lujiang Dragon Cave" was written by the famous calligrapher Zhang Dahe. It issaid that Xiamen once believed that there were five dragons, and this is thelegendary residence of a dragon, so riguangyan is also known as Longtou mountain[since ancient times, there has been a 16 character folk rhyme: "dragon andtiger are in charge of the pass, God and elephant lay a foundation, gold andsilver are reflected far away, clouds and clouds rise to the sky." "Dragontiger" refers to Longtou mountain and Hutou mountain, "Dangguan" refers to theconfrontation between the two mountains; "God image diedian" refers to Songyuisland and Xiangbi mountain; "gold and silver Yuanying" refers to Jinmen andTongan (old well-known person Yintong) "; and" cloud clouds "refers toyundingyan in Xiamen and Danxia in Zhangzhou. This rhyme vividly shows thatGulangyu is located in "Dangguan", "diedian", "Yuanying" and "Lingxiao". It is afairyland resort. Therefore, it used to be known as "paradise", but now it isknown as "sea garden". On the other hand, the mountain across the sea is alsoknown as "Hutou mountain" In November 1962, when I was swimming in the sea byboat, I saw the scenery on both sides of the Strait, and immediately recited thepoem "the dragon head frequently points and the tiger head shakes". Therefore,there is a folk saying that "one dragon and one tiger guard Xiamen Port".

Dear friends and guests, welcome to visit the beautiful Lijiang River byboat.

Lijiang River belongs to the Pearl River system, and its birthplace isMaoer Mountain in Xingan County, north of Guilin. Maoer Mountain is the mainpeak of Yuecheng mountain, which is one of the five mountains in history. It is2238 meters above sea level and is known as the highest peak in central andSouth China. Lijiang River is formed by the trickle of Maoer Mountain. The"Lingqu" built during the first emperor of Qin Dynasty is still preserved inXingan County. It is the first man-made canal in China, which connects thewater of Lijiang River with that of Xiangjiang River. Xiangjiang River in Hunanprovince belongs to the Yangtze River system. Nature has given it a specificway. As we all know, "no water in the world flows eastward" is caused by thehigh terrain in the West and the low terrain in the east of the earth. However,only the water of Xiangjiang River flows from south to north, and the water ofLijiang River flows from north to south. The so-called "diversion of Hunan andLijiang rivers" and "separation from each other" means that Lijiang River isnamed. In addition, the word "Li" of Lijiang River means clear and transparentin the dictionary, which is probably the best meaning of the name of LijiangRiver. Lijiang River once played an important role in the history of China.After the excavation of Lingqu, it connected Lingnan with the Central Plains,and had a profound impact on the great cause of the Qin Dynasty to unify China,as well as on the politics, economy, culture and military of Guilin and evensouthwest China.

Zhujiang scenic spot

(dragons playing in the water) on the right side of the mountain wall,there are several stalactite pillars hanging upside down. They are rugged andhave both form and spirit. They are like some giant dragons drinking from theriver. Their bodies are hidden in the mountain wall, and only the tap faces thewater. Second, when the water rises in spring and summer, the tap will spit outrain and dew. It is said that these dragons sent them to the Lijiang River tocollect Osmanthus fragrans. A long time ago, these hillsides were covered withOsmanthus fragrans. The fragrance of Osmanthus fragrans went straight throughthe palace of heaven, which made Change want to go down to earth secretly. Theemperor of heaven was so angry that he sent these dragons to take all thefragrance of Osmanthus fragrans back to the palace of heaven. Who knows thatwhen the Dragon arrived, the original form was fascinated by the scenery here.They did not take away the osmanthus in the world, but brought in the rain anddew from heaven. They poured the rain and dew into the pool under the cliff.From then on, this pool was called Chenxiang pool. The water from Chenxiang poolirrigated the four sides of the two cliffs of the Lijiang River. On this land,the branches and leaves of Osmanthus grew more luxuriant Everywhere is sweetscented osmanthus, no wonder people call this place Guilin!

Lawn scenic spot

(Luogu Yuanyang Beach) in the winding Lijiang River, there is a beach inone bay. There are a number of people. From Guilin to Yangshuo, there are 360.5beaches in 83 kilometers. The water at the end of the beach is relativelyshallow. The Lijiang River flows over the beach and makes a gurgling sound. Thesound is like the fairy music in the heavenly palace, which makes people feelvery happy. In fact, where is Xianyue? This is the music of Lijiang River.Please see, there are two big stones on the left bank, one is like a round drum,the other is like a golden gong. Local villagers call them gongs and drumsstones. The two beautiful hills on the right bank are like a pair of gongs,hammers and drum sticks. When you listen carefully, it seems that a pair ofmandarin ducks are singing.

Yangdi scenic spot

(Baxian River Tour) in front of the right, the mountain suddenly riseshere, and the clouds are ethereal here, giving people the feeling of dreamland.There are eight mountains in front of them, which are very similar to the EightImmortals in ancient Chinese myths and legends. Near the riverside, there is tieGuai Li, next to Cao Guojiu, next to he Xiangu, next to Zhang Guolao, HanXiangzi, Lu Dongbin, LAN Caihe and Zhong Hanli, which are exactly eight. It issaid that one day, eight immortals showed their magic power and traveled acrossthe sea together. They came to the edge of the Lijiang River and saw thebeautiful scenery of the Lijiang River, where the water is clear, the peak isgreen and the countryside is beautiful. So they decided to stay. This scenicspot is called "Eight Immortals River Tour".

Xingping scenic spot

(river tracing carp) there is a long and big mountain in front of it, whichlies across the Lijiang River. The whole mountain looks like a carp. The head ofthe fish faces right and the tail of the fish faces left. The mouth of the fishis connected with the mountain on the right. On the high back of the fish, thereare a group of small peaks forming the fin. Its really a vivid big carp. Itsthe largest carp in the world. No one can weigh it. The fin fish is like a pug,which is commonly known as a poodle. Its head, eyes and limbs are very clear.Its really cute.

Guilin landscape has four characteristics: green mountains, beautifulwater, strange caves and beautiful rocks. In addition to the waterfalls, flowingsprings, dangerous beaches and bamboo groves, Lijiang River has four uniquefeatures. Some people say: Lijiang River not only has this kind of harmony, butalso has four characteristics: strange, mysterious, strange and unique, that is,the strange of ancient banyan, the strange of mountain painting, the mystery ofGuanyan and the unique of crossing half of the river. All these are different.Different people have different opinions.

Yangsu scenic spot

(stone inscriptions with the word "Dai") there are many stone inscriptionson Bilian peak, especially on the hillside stone wall with a cursive "Dai" inthe reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, which makes Bilian live and flee. Itsform structure is meaningful. It is called one character poem, which containsthe charm and brushwork of the eight characters "one mountain and one river,youths efforts". From appreciating the word "belt", we should conclude that thespirit of Lijiang River is "wonderful". The natural beauty of Lijiang Riverscenery is wonderful.

Dear friends, todays Lijiang tour is coming to an end. You and yourfriends are welcome to visit Lijiang next time.

Hi, everyone! Welcome to "xinxinrong travel agency". My name is Gu Yuxin.Please call me Xiaogu. Todays "one day tour of Sun Moon Lake" will be explainedby me. I wish you have a good time today.

OK, the Sun Moon Lake is here. I hope you dont crowd when you get off andpay attention to safety.

In front of you is the largest lake in Chinese Taiwan Province, the Sun Moon Lake.The Sun Moon Lake is formed by stagnant water in the basins along the Yushan andAlishan faults. The circumference of the lake is 35 kilometers, and the averagewater depth is 30 meters.

Now lets take a boat with me to enjoy the beautiful sun moon lake moreclosely. You can see that the water of the Sun Moon Lake is green and looks morebeautiful against the background of the surrounding mountains. Lets look at themiddle of the lake again. There is a beautiful island called Guanghua island.The island divides the lake into two parts. In the north, it looks like a roundsun, which is called the sun lake. In the south, it looks like a curved moon,which is called the moon lake. Now the sun is shining high, and we have apanoramic view of the beautiful scenery of the Sun Moon Lake. The lake is vast,the water is as flat as a mirror, the water is blue, and the lake also radiatesbeautiful colors. Its so beautiful! It seems that everyone is intoxicated. Justnow I heard the tourists ask how the scenery of Sun Moon Lake is when it rains.When it rains, the scenery of Sun Moon Lake is not inferior. The sky isdrizzling with drizzle. The Sun Moon Lake seems to be covered with a veil, andthe scenery around it is hazy. It gives people a sense of mystery, like comingto a fairyland in a fairy tale

OK, tourists, "one day tour of Sun Moon Lake" is coming to an end. Xiaoguis here. Thank you for your cooperation in my work. The Sun Moon Lake is notonly the pride of the Chinese Taiwan people, but also the pride of the mainlandcompatriots. Welcome to the sun moon lake again. Thank you!

女士们、先生们：

大家好，欢迎您来清西陵观光游览，我是导游员__，旅途中您有什么意见和要求尽管提出来，我愿竭诚为您服务，我们今天的日程是这样为大家安排的：首先参观泰陵,中午到行宫就餐，下午参观崇陵。

泰 陵

清西陵是中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝的陵墓建筑群之一，位于北京西南125公里处的河北省易县境内。在800平方公里的陵区范围内，建有帝陵、后陵、妃园寝、王爷、公主、阿哥园寝等十四座，还有行宫、永福寺两处附属建筑及衙署营房遗址，品种齐全、布局合理。陵区内保存有古松一万五千余株，这些树不但美化了西陵，而且可以避免外界风沙的侵袭和热气、寒流的影响，为西陵营造了一个特别的小气候，使陵寝处于一个独立完整的自然环境之中，使这里的建筑，得以很好地保存。清西陵的历史、文化艺术价值极高，在20__年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》，在20__年1月11日被国家旅游局评为首批4A景区。

清西陵中，雍正皇帝的泰陵建筑最早、规模最大，堪称首陵。这是一处清朝盛世时期遗存下来的古建群体，从它的选址、规划，布局都反映出当时国家的强盛以及政局的稳定，在建筑用料、工程技术，传统工艺等方面也都非常考究。

当代建筑学家讲，泰陵是一处典型的风水宝地的模式。站在大红门前五孔桥上环顾四周，可以看到，北面有连绵起伏的永宁山，为靠山，酷似屏障。永宁山是太行山的余脉，与东陵的昌瑞山属于同一脉系，此山从山西过来，如巨龙横卧中原;大红门两侧的东、西华盖山为天然门户;九龙、九凤山为环护左、右的低岭;南面形态端庄的元宝山，为泰陵的朝山;在中间广阔的平原上座落着泰陵辉宏壮丽，错落有致的建筑群。易水河从五孔桥下流过，形成山映于水，水扶于山的格局。“陵制与山水相称，天人合一”的宇宙观在这里充分体现出来，同时又展示出古代建筑学家巧夺天工的高超艺术。正如美国景观建筑学权威西蒙德先生所说的：“埃及人是在他自己预定的一条不能改变的需求道路上一直走到底，中国人在他的世界里独自徘徊时有友好的大自然来引导他拜谒上天和祖坟。所以没有任何一个地方，风景会真正成为建筑艺术材料。”

泰陵的建筑布局也非常考究，完全依照帝王生前所居宫廷格局，按礼制的需要而规划设计。以神道为中轴线贯穿南北，主体建筑安排在中轴线上，一律座北朝南;地宫座落在中轴线的末端，居中当阳，其余建筑沿中轴线次第排开。这些建筑都以准确的尺度，适宜的体量，斑斓的色彩，灵活巧妙的手法进行配制和空间组合，使陵寝的纪念性、礼制性主题有条不紊地展开并不断深化。

石牌坊是泰陵最具特色的建筑之一，泰陵设三架，无论是从数量还是排列形式上都独具一格。一架面南、两各东西，与北面的大红门形成一个宽敞的四合院。三架牌坊的大小、规制完全一样，均由66块大小石料，仿木卯榫结合而成，每架牌坊高12.75米，宽31.85米，为五间六柱十一楼造型，全部用巨大的青白石打造，各个部位还雕有丰富的纹饰，画面布局合理，造型生动，雕工细腻，玲珑剔透，生机盎然。这在中国历代帝王陵墓中尚属孤品。成为清西陵列入世界文化遗产最具有价值的建筑之一。

整个陵区注重对门的处理，门既可作为出入之用，也可截断空间界面。大红门是进入陵区的总门户，单檐庑殿顶，看上去质朴、凝重、敦实、稳重，视若腾龙偃卧，镇守陵前。两侧有42华里的风水墙，逶迤延展，包护陵区，愈发显出大红门的庄严气派。

具服殿独成一院，是供后代皇帝、后妃来谒陵祭祖时更换衣服的场所，沿续明代拂座殿而建，殿内有净房，类似于现在的洗手间，内有绣花墩马桶。而今为了方便游人，在净房的旁边建有一座水冲厕所。

·张家口旅游导游词 ·山海关导游词 ·秦皇岛祖山导游词 ·北戴河导游词 ·角山导游词

圣德神功碑楼是记述皇帝生平功德的主要建筑之一，俗称大碑楼，建成于1739年，花费白银十三万一千五百两。大碑楼占地5.54亩，高26.05米，四面辟门，为重檐九脊歇山顶，稳中有变，富丽典雅。它座落在方形广场的正中，四角各有一根高12米的华表相衬，使碑楼显得更加庄严、肃穆、雄伟、壮观。四根华表的柱身均用整块石料雕成，呈圆柱形，直径1.5米，周身浮雕着朵朵云团，一条巨龙于云朵间盘绕柱身扶摇而上，带有呼之欲出的动态感。华表也叫擎天柱，又称墓表。起源于远古时代，初为木质，为纳谏而设，又叫诽谤木。在陵墓神道上设华表，在西汉时期就很流行，是木质华表，石刻华表在东汉时盛行。华表装饰着象征皇权的云龙图纹，作为皇家建筑的特殊标志，衬托出主体建筑的高大，使其更加宏伟壮观。

碑楼内，矗立着两统巨大的石碑，每统碑重56.55吨，碑身阳面用满汉两种文字镌刻着雍正皇帝生前的丰功伟绩，大约五千字，这是一部给雍正歌功颂德的重要资料。

绕过碑楼，是一座七孔石拱桥，这是清西陵四十九座桥梁中最长的，长107米，宽21米。(栏板上是二十四节气望柱头，又称火焰望柱头。柱头上有二十四条阴刻线，代表二十四节气。因为有河才有桥，而河位于田野之中，大地与田野不可分，与二十四节气有一定的关系，耕种、浇灌都离不开二十四节气。)像这样巨大而完美的石桥在中国是不多见的。它对于建筑物的布局组合起着连接作用，使组合群的层次明显，过渡自然，紧凑而不松散，同时也显示出一种庄严肃穆的气氛。

走下七孔桥，可见在神路的两侧对称排列着的雕刻精美的石望柱、石狮、石象、石马、武将、文臣等五对石像生。

望柱为六角形石柱，柱身雕流云纹饰，底部为六角形的须弥座。在宋代以前，石望柱置于墓道的最前面，为主要建筑，因为明、清陵时石牌坊作为陵墓前主要建筑，所以石望柱退居次要位置，纯属装饰。

石像生是设置在陵墓前的由石人石兽组成的石雕群，来显示死者生前的地位，身份。泰陵原来并未安设石像生，乾隆登基后，认为陵寝不设石像生，与典制不符，想在此泰陵增设石像生，而臣工们(风水大师：高其悼、洪文澜)则坚持：“泰陵甬道，系随山川之形势盘旋修理，如设立石像生，不能依其丈尺，整齐安设，而甬路转旋之处，必有向背参差之所，则于风水地形，不宜安设”。所以泰陵不设石像生并非违备典制，而是与风水有关。乾隆建议将大红门，龙凤门向南展拓，于是臣工们尊旨赴现场审核了原有计划并向乾隆奏议：“大红门正在龙蟠虎踞之间，护北面随龙升这旺气，纳南面特朝环抱之水，前朝后拱，天心十道，时天造地设之门户，不便展拓向外，况石像生之设，古制未详，无大关典礼之处，似可毋庸添设”。一言九鼎的天子，面对臣工的据理力争，也无可奈何，于是在奏折上批道：“知道了”。此事不了了之。事隔几年，乾隆旧事重提，最终在1748年，大臣拗不过皇帝，在泰陵前安设了五对石像生，这样就失去了龙凤门横陈为底景的依托，而又失去了石像生拱卫迎候于门前，聚巧形而展示的效果。所以泰陵石像生在所有建筑中是一个败笔，但由于臣工们极端负责的态度与皇帝的据理力争，所以也未伤及大雅。

蜘蛛山是泰陵的案山，据刘敦祯先生讲，此山系人工所为，可这里原有一座小山，又往上放了一些施工中剩下的废料。那么案山在陵区究竟起什么作用呢?因风水讲，无朝案遮拦未免飘散生气，所以案山会使陵区生气发越。

通向宝顶的引导大道—神道在里突然拐弯，是因为中国古建筑讲：贵含蓄，忌直接。

后面的建筑不能直接尽收眼底，应该慢慢展开，所以当我们漫步于弯弯曲曲的神道上，就好像置身于意向深远的空间环境氛围之中。

龙凤门是一座雍容华贵的建筑，为庑殿顶火焰式石牌坊柱门，黄色琉璃瓦的看面墙，墙下有宽厚敦实的洁白色须弥座，构成丰富细致，色彩斑澜、华丽富贵的形体，整座龙凤门充满了动势。高低错落的轮廓线，挺拔的石柱上雕刻云板、云墩和蹲龙，横直如矢的大小额坊和顶部火焰宝珠，看面墙上云纹腾龙的花心和岔角牡丹花叶，墙顶蓝绿色三彩斗拱所撑托的金色琉璃庑殿顶等等，都给人以丰富多彩，引人入胜的感受。龙凤门的近形风姿与远视气魄巧妙溶汇，相登相生，出神入化，给人以丰富的视觉艺术感受，不愧是古代哲匠的精心杰作。

三孔桥虽没有七孔桥那么宏大，但工匠师们都把它建造的小巧玲珑，优美动人，将两侧的栏板用优雅的券形曲线组合。站在三孔桥上驻足观看，陵寝宫殿群在紫色的永宁山衬托下，同时向东西两翼逶迤延展，把一种统一性的内涵，一种非同凡响的稳重、宁静、庄严肃穆的气氛，充分体现出来。

三路九孔桥并肩横跨于最后一座马槽沟上，除自然形成的三条河以外，后两道是人工开凿而成，山陵环境质量的完善非常注重对水的处理。水对于大地来说为血脉，能够造就大自然的钟灵毓秀，使生气发越;水还可以界分空间，形成丰富的空间层次及谐和的环境组合，而且山水相得如方圆中之规矩，山水相济如堂室之门户。因此陵区所有随桥泊岸，酌量地势修理，不使浸湿地宫;修筑堤坎，而且也使水流弯环，免其激射有声，破坏宁静的山陵气氛。所以马槽沟弯如飘带，柔如轻纱，造成“来宜曲水向我，去宜盘旋顾恋”的水势。充分体现出水对帝穴的留恋之情。所以陵区一山一水皆有义，一草一木总关情。

神厨库是座东朝西的小院，内建神厨。神库和省牲亭等建筑，是祭祀时制作和存放各种肉食品的地方。

神道碑亭又称小碑楼，内矗立皇帝谥号碑，重檐歇山，黄色琉璃瓦覆顶，四角翘飞，形式与大碑楼相仿，但规模缩减了二分之一左右。内竖一统石碑，用满、汉、蒙三种文字刻写着雍正皇帝谥号。

东、西朝房是为祭祀准备奶茶和瓜果的地方，又叫茶膳房，是根据关外奶房，果房的遗制而制造的。

东、西班房均为布瓦卷棚顶，为值班房，也叫守护房。清代皇帝继位之后，便大兴土木，耗费大量的人力、物力、财力为之修陵筑墓。因而皇陵的保护便成为重要任务，这一任务由深受皇帝信任的八旗兵来担负。他们采用换班的方法沿着陵院外的更道昼夜巡逻。如阴雨天气可在值班房内躲避休息。

隆恩门是进入宫殿区的门户，是整个陵寝组合群引导建筑的结束与主体建筑的开始。两侧是宽厚高大的朱红围墙，把宫殿区的所有建筑包围起来，使其形成结构严谨的两层院落。

焚帛炉，又叫燎炉，是为皇帝祭祀时焚烧五色纸和金银锞的地方。炉高4米，单檐歇山顶，周身用黄琉璃瓦构件制成，炉基为须弥座。炉内四壁及上下均为铁板，下面是三个铁槽，顶部两角各有一出烟孔，底座下部两侧各有一扒灰口。整座建筑比例适中，色调合协，雍容华贵，精巧秀致。

东配殿是存放祝板和制帛的地方，同时又是临时存放神牌的地方。每当大修隆恩殿时，帝、后的神牌就移到这里安放，在维修期间如遇上祭祀，也在此进行。西配殿则是喇嘛念经的地方，每当帝、后忌辰大祭之日，由永福寺派十三名喇嘛到此念经，为死去的皇帝超度亡灵。

正面的隆恩殿是陵寝地面建筑中最重要的建筑，为祭祀的主要场所。整座建筑建在巨大的汉白玉基座上，面阔五间、进深三间，重檐歇山式建筑，黄色琉璃瓦盖顶，显得庄严肃穆。其建筑结构非常牢固，所有的木件全部采用卯榫对接形式，梁、柱、檀、椽结合不死板禁锢，有灵活移动的余地，具有很强的防震功能。在发生强烈地震时，榫卯之间具有活动性能，将外部力量缓冲分解，震后仍可恢复原位。因此雍正八年以来的多次地震和一九七六年的唐山大地震，都没使清西陵的大木结构受到显著破坏，充分显示了中国古代工匠高超的建筑水平。

三座门也叫琉璃花门，中门比较高大，两侧墙上有琉璃岔角花和中心花，檐端用琉璃斗拱装饰。这种门占地面积较小，看上去显得较厚重，图案丰富，雍容华贵，具有很好的艺术效果。而且材料非常坚硬，耐高湿，有一劳永逸之功效。两侧分别接卡墙。阻隔南北，使宫殿区形成两层院落。清代建筑学家，不仅注重陵区单体建筑的形象与外观，而且更注重了它们之间的关系，组群布局发展到了登峰造极的地步，这种组群布局的实现依靠门户和墙体，将各单体建筑有效地组合分割，形成一个个院落，并将院落形成复杂的整体给人“庭院深深深几许”的意境。

二柱门横跨神道，石柱上架额坊，建筑形式为斗拱夹山顶。作为方城明楼的屏障。清朝前五代皇帝陵寝都在三座门以后建二柱门，自道光以后则裁撤，因为建筑中缩短了三座门与方城明楼之间的距离。

石五供是一组象征永久性祭祀的供品。基座是由三块巨石雕成的须弥座，这是我国传统建筑的台基样式，上面刻有八仙、八宝、八卦、琴棋书画等图案，所有这些都象征着吉祥如意，对研究中国古代的雕刻艺术有很好的参考价值。明楼属于纪念性的建筑物，高高地耸立在方城之上，使人置身于仰崇桥山的氛围之中，它与朱红色的墙体、金黄色的瓦顶与湛蓝的天空构成了一幅绚丽的画卷。

当我们踏上明楼在向南方远眺时，心中升起一种无比自豪的感觉。正前方五里之外的东西华盖山，九龙九凤山形成的自然门户，郁郁葱葱的古松树弥漫于30里内外，座座殿宇、桥梁、门房、树木山川疏密相间，错落有致，气势北京的故宫、颐和园、承德的避暑山庄，明十三陵大有过之无不及。清陵在中国建筑史上留下了辉煌的一页，是中华民族的骄傲，是世界人民的骄傲，所以英国著名科学家里约瑟说：“皇陵在中国建筑制式上是一重大成就，它整个图案的内容也许就是整个建筑部分与风景艺术相结合的最伟大的例子”。雍正在选定易州境内天平峪时，说这里是：“乾坤聚秀之区，阴阳合会之所，龙穴砂石，无美不收，形势理气，诸吉咸备”的风水宝地。而历经180年，十四座陵寝完工以后，自然景观又加之人文景观，就形成了：“山自太行来，巍峨耸拔，脉秀力丰，峻岭崇岗，远拱于外，灵岩翠岫，环卫其间，迄下山岗无数，如手之有指，每两岗之平坦开拓处诸陵在焉，花之瓣，笋之箨，层层包护”，的人间胜境，是“龙蟠风翥，源远流长，左右回环，前后拱卫，实如金城玉笋的秀美风光”。

朋友们，到次为止，西陵的参观就告一段落，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

昌 陵

昌陵位于泰陵西侧1公里处，葬有嘉庆皇帝和孝淑睿皇后，自1796年开始修建到1803年峻工，距今已有190多年的历史。

昌陵是东、西陵中较有特色的一座，是研究清代陵寝制度不可多得的实物见证。在清代所有陵寝中昌陵是唯一一处由太上皇选定的陵址。1796年，乾隆在当满了60年皇帝之后，履行自己继位之初的诺言，让位于嘉庆，自己当上了名副其实的太上皇，并根据自己曾有谕旨：“嗣后吉地，各依昭穆次序;在东、西陵界内分建”。把自己在泰陵西侧1公里处选定的陵址赐给了儿子嘉庆。这对嘉庆来说是一种莫大的殊荣，同时也体现出太上皇的威严。

嘉庆皇帝是清朝入关后第五代皇帝，为乾隆的第十五子，37岁继承皇帝位，但仍由乾隆皇帝训政。嘉庆四年，太上皇驾崩，此时40岁的嘉庆才有了实权，而大清帝国也已从鼎盛的巅峰跌落下来，开始走下坡路。当时清王朝已危机四伏，内创累累。嘉庆皇帝在这种情况下，能够励精图治，革除弊政，全力维持祖宗留下的基业。但却墨守成规，遵循守旧，所以一生中没有什么特殊的政绩，昌陵正是在这样的背景下建造起来的。

尽管如此，昌陵的建筑规模与规制仍能与泰陵相媲美，除没有石牌坊、大红门、具服殿和七孔桥外，其它建筑的种类与式样均等同。而宝顶比泰陵宝顶还要高出数尺，圣德神功碑楼与隆恩殿也比泰陵的更为壮观。

昌陵隆恩殿的地面更独具特色，全部采用珍贵的紫花石铺墁。紫花石，产于河南，每块62厘米见方，呈正方形，磨光烫蜡，不滑不涩，缝细如线，平亮如砥，石面呈黄色，缀以天然形成的紫色花纹图案。其状如竹笋、似春蚕、若芙蓉、像绒球，千姿百态，在阳光照耀下，似满堂宝石，熠熠生辉，令人叹为观止，所以昌陵有“满堂宝石”之称。

隆恩殿内东暖阁的佛楼仍保持着当初的模样，其它各帝陵隆恩殿的佛楼，经过战争的毁坏，只剩下空间，唯独这座佛楼至今整体完好。佛楼分下、下两层，上层有木雕垂花，精湛优美，涂金闪亮;下层有木制边饰，朱红底色，鲜丽耀眼。按清代建陵规制，东暖阁均为佛楼，佛龛里供奉着金、银、玉、翠的佛像。

据现存的“雷氏图纸”中考证，昌陵地宫结构比泰陵还要宏大，雕刻也十分精美，为“四门九券”，且有佛像经文雕刻。与现已开放的清东陵境内乾隆的裕陵地宫规模装饰相近。而裕陵地宫为现已考证的清帝陵地宫中最为壮观、珍贵的一座，既是一座不可多得的石雕艺术宝库，又是一座庄严肃穆的地下佛堂。同样昌陵地宫也具有诱人的魅力，券顶外的宝顶封土内也有石雕，其结构造型与陵寝宫殿的瓦脊、勾滴等相同，先按地面建筑的要求营造好地宫，然后再覆土掩埋。形成清代皇帝陵寝地宫结构中独具特色的风格。

慕 陵

慕陵位于陵区的最西端，始建于一八三一年，完工于一八三五年，内葬道光皇帝及孝穆、孝全、孝慎三个皇后。慕陵建筑面积虽没有泰陵那样广阔，建筑也不如泰陵那样宏伟，布局更不如泰陵那样完善，但它那别出新裁的设计以及独特的建筑手法，却成为清代帝王陵寝中绝无仅有的艺术珍品。

按照乾隆开创的父、子分葬，选定东、西的“兆葬之制”，道光皇帝应该在清东陵境内选选址建陵，所以道光于1821年即位后，花费了七年的时间在东陵的宝华峪营建了陵墓，但后因施工质量问题，造成地宫浸水。于是道光皇帝便下令拆掉原陵，又于1831年来西陵祭祖之际亲自选定了一块高平之地—龙泉峪作为自己的万年吉地，第二次营建了陵墓。

这次建陵，道光皇帝一改其它帝陵的建筑特点，裁撤了石像生、圣德神功碑楼、方城明楼等项建筑，而且主体建筑的三大殿全部采用昂贵的金丝楠木制作，不施彩绘，保持了木本色。外面烫蜡。虽看起来不是那么富丽堂皇，但却赋予人们古朴，典雅的感觉。最令人惊叹的是在三座殿的门窗膈扇、梁柱、雀替、天花、藻井上布满了形态各异的木雕龙，尤其天花板上都以高浮雕的手法制成向下府视的龙头，有的地方还采用高出平面半尺有余的透雕手法。走进殿内，举目上望，但见龙头济口，张口鼓腮，栩栩如生。整个雕刻构思严谨，线条流畅，刀法娴熟，制作精巧，形象生动，充满着详和气氛，成为稀世珍品。使人仿佛来到了一座雕龙博物馆，难怪有人说：“慕陵是座雕刻艺术的殿堂”。

隆恩殿后面的三座门由一架天然汉白玉石牌坊代替，牌坊正中刻有“慕陵”二字，背面刻有道光皇帝亲笔诛谕：“敬瞻东北，永慕无穷，云山密尔。呜呼!其慕与慕也”。依清朝规制，帝、后陵名一般由后继皇帝钦定，但是慕陵名称却是道光皇帝生前亲自默定。道光十五年，他来西陵谒陵，顺便阅视了正在修建的陵寝工程，并赴隆恩殿至孝穆、孝慎梓宫前奠酒，而后立于月台上，仰望东北方感慨地写下了这道诛谕。道光驾崩后，咸丰即位，重读诛谕，见“其慕与慕也”一句，便心领神会，于是立刻命雕工把“慕陵”二字雕于牌坊之上。

无论从规划布局，还是建筑风格方面，慕陵处处体它的独到之处，成为清朝入关后皇帝陵寝建筑中的珍品。

崇 陵

崇陵是中国封建皇帝最后一座陵墓，始建于1909年，完工于1915年，内葬光绪皇帝和孝定景皇后。

崇陵工程是在光绪皇帝死后第二年才开始修建的，这与清朝建陵典制完全不符，大清皇帝在承袭了明代陵墓制度的同时，又不断完善陵寝制度，不仅活着的时候讲究安逸奢侈，而且死后在建筑陵寝上也要表示出至高无尚的尊贵地位。所以生前就选好陵址，并建好陵墓。

据考证，崇陵陵址是在光绪十三年(1887年)选定并定陵名，但由于当时的清王朝国库空虚，外债累累，加之光绪和慈禧之间形成了尖锐的矛盾和斗争，陵寝的营建就不可能了。直到1909年，光绪死后第二年，崇陵工程才开始动工修建，其间又值1911年辛亥革命爆发，工程被迫停止。1912年，末代皇帝溥仪向民国宣布退位时，向民国政府提出了八项优待皇室条件，其中第五条要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修。其奉安典礼仍如旧制，所有实用经费均由中华民国支付”。1913年春，民国政府根据这一条件，经协商之后立即拨款，并于1915年全部完工。

崇陵在建筑规模上比其它帝陵均小，没有大碑楼、石像生、二柱门等项建筑，但基本上沿袭了明、清两朝的陵寝制度，并集清代各陵的建筑经验于一体，采用先进的建筑技术，用料考究，主要建筑的三大殿全部采用质地坚硬的铜藻、铁藻木料构成，素有“铜梁铁柱”之称。隆恩殿内的四根明柱采用沥粉贴金盘龙装饰，为皇帝陵中的独到之处。檐下增设了通风孔，可使殿内空气流通，以防木料腐朽。就其建筑群体而论，设有较完备的排水系统，宫殿四角设有散水坡，便于雨水的排放。明楼与三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有十四个漏水眼与之相通，为地宫排水之用。

崇陵虽建于清末民初，但建筑规制仍宏伟壮观。在众多的建筑物中，地宫工程最为浩大，崇陵地宫如同其它帝陵的地宫一样，为拱券式石结构建筑，共有四门九券。墓道全长63.19米，面积349.95米，空间2170.65立方米。四道石门是地宫的重要组成部分，每扇石门上浮雕菩萨立像一尊，佛像大小与真人差不多，各个头戴佛冠，身披伽裟，足蹬莲花座，手持法器，分别代表力量、智慧、愿望、富贵等。过了四道门便是地宫九券中最大的一个券—金券，这里是地宫的主体建筑，高大宽敝，内有宝床，上面安放着皇帝、皇后的梓宫。

1938年，一伙不明身份的军人盗掘了崇陵地宫，1980年由政府将其清理并对外开放。虽然崇陵地宫没有乾隆的裕陵地宫那样规模宏大，雕刻精美，但它却成为研究晚清皇帝陵寝地宫规制的实物见证。

昌西陵

在清西陵境内共有三座皇后陵，分别为泰东陵、昌西陵和慕东陵，其中泰东陵，无论从规模、规制上都是清代后陵中的姣姣者，而昌西陵在这些方面却无法与之媲美，但它却形成了自己独到的建筑风格。在中国古建筑中只有两处回音壁，一处是天坛，而另一处以是昌西陵。

昌西陵始建于1851年，完工于1853年，内葬嘉庆的孝和睿皇后，清朝从康熙初期开始，皇后薨于皇帝之后，便另选陵址，不再合葬帝陵地宫，而且陵寝不再另立陵名，而按皇帝陵寝所处方位而定，因其陵寝在昌陵西侧，所以定陵名为昌西陵。

与其它皇后陵寝比起来，昌西陵的规制大为缩减。主要裁撤了方城明楼，缩减了隆恩殿和配殿的规制，隆恩殿由重檐歇山顶，面阔五间，改为单檐歇山，面阔五间，并裁撤了大殿及月台周围的石栏杆，不设丹陛石，配殿由五间改为三间。隆恩门也由五间改为三间，陵寝门的两个角门由带门楼改为随墙门，与妃园寝的园寝门一样。

尽管昌西陵规制大为缩减，较前代皇后陵大为逊色，但也有其独特和值得称道的地方。

昌西陵有回音壁。和其它陵寝一样，昌西陵后围墙也是弧形墙在陵寝建筑中叫罗圈墙，就可听到很大的回声，其形式和原理与北京天坛的回音壁一样，因此人们把昌西陵的罗圈墙也称作回音壁。

除回音壁以外，这里还有一块回音石，那就是宝顶前面倒数第七块条石。站在这块石头上讲话，就能听到比原声大十倍或数十倍的回声，所以人们称它为回音石，这种奇特的回音壁和回音石现象的出现，是声学原理和古代建筑形式的巧合。声波的波长肯定小于围墙半径，声波以束状沿墙连续反射前进，使声音像打电话般清晰地传到对方耳中。

正是由于昌西陵的独到的建筑风格，使它对游人产生了无可替代的魅力，同时也对研究古代建筑提供了不可多得的实物例证。

不难看出，清西陵是一部清朝历史的写照，体现了中国历代帝王陵寝的最高水准，更是一部精美的艺术杰作，座座陵寝都反映出清朝的历史文化，建筑文化，生态文化和风水文化。成为自然环境与陵寝建筑相结合的最伟大的例子。

朋友们，我们今天的旅游到此结束了，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

Nanguan mosque in Yinchuan is a building with Arabic style and ethniccharacteristics. It was rebuilt in 1981 and is located in the southeast cornerof Yinchuan city. It is the central place for Hui people to carry out religiousactivities in Yinchuan city. Every year, hundreds of Muslims gather here forpilgrimage and worship.

The mosque in Nanguan has a long history. At the end of Ming Dynasty, theoriginal temple was located in Gongbei Pavilion outside Nanguan, Yinchuan, witha small scale. In 1916, the site of the temple was moved into Nanguan and alarge temple with classical style was built. In the 1960s, temples weredestroyed in the turmoil. In 1981, Muslims raised money to rebuild the site.

The main hall of the reconstructed mosque in Nanguan is 26 meters high,with an area of about 10000 square meters. The main hall has two layers of roundvault, the upper layer is the main hall and balcony, and the square worship hallcan accommodate more than 1300 people. The lower floor has a spacious bath room,Chapel hall, female chapel hall, Arabic school, Imams bedroom, office,reception room, etc., all connected by cloisters.

In the center of the roof stands a large and four small green domedecoration. The large one is in the center, with a diameter of 9 meters. Thecrescent moon is hanging at the top, and the small one is 3 meters in diameter.It is distributed in the four corners of the roof. Looking from afar, the greendome is shining and magnificent. There are stairs leading to the upper floor infront of the main building, and flower beds are planted on both sides. In themiddle of the front of the hall is a 15 meter diameter fountain, surrounded byflowers and trees, with 30 meter high "minarets" on both sides. Many preciouspines and cypresses, trees and flowers are also planted in the temple. The wholebuilding has a strict layout, compact structure and grand scale.

With its unique, elegant and solemn characteristics, and strong Islamicarchitectural art style, Nanguan mosque has become one of the key religiousactivity sites and Tourism Landscapes in the autonomous region. In recent years,leaders, envoys and friends from more than 90 countries and regions havevisited. Many overseas Muslims also come here to worship.

Hello, your visitors today by let me to introduce you to the jiuzhaigou valley. My name is Xu Chuchu, you can call me xiao xu, also can call me hui guide.

Jiuzhaigou in sichuan province, northern qinghai-tibet plateau and the loess plateau junction. Is located in the mountains, the pictureque bank of the Yangtze river tributaries, about 720 square kilometers, the top 1000 meters. Dear visitors, we first appreciation on the top of the mountain. We should pay attention to safety, we take a tour cart.

Now we came to the top of the hill. Here at the age of snow, and at the foot of the mountain valley in green basket of flowers and plants, CengLinJinRan, bubbling streams. Do you want to know why so pure and fresh the air here? Because of the no exhaust soot pollution, so the sky more blue, the clouds whiter. This unique landform has produced there different styles of beautiful lake and mountain towering stands. Well, you a breath of fresh air here first!

Come down from the top of the hill is a clear waters. Jiuzhaigou lake is the show, was known for. Many lakes, big and small. What is a turquoise lake elsewhere, and there are blue, just like in the shallow sea of color. Lake is near the castle peak, and the lush green mountains and blue sky white clouds reflected on the calm water of the lake together, difficult points and the actual situation, if you took pictures here, so must turn it over to pour the past do not know how to take the photos is positive. Mostly lighter, small lake bottom, the bottom color, many orange red fish swimming freely. Most notably, the local water containing a certain minerals, elder JinMan, formed many sizes, shapes and colors of gorgeous color pool, and under different illumination time changing colors, dazzling, really like to enter the world jade pool. You can taste the spring water here!

Visitors, now you can take ten minutes here, free for a walk, enjoy the beautiful scenery here, but remember not to go too far, its easy to find, also, to wear the hat on tourism SheFa, it makes it easier for us to find. After ten minutes, we are to meet in this place, go to the next destination.

大家好!我是你们的小小导游，叫蔡露旸，今天就让我和大家一起游览八达岭长城吧!

大家都知道长城是我国21处世界文化遗产之一，它有着悠久的历史，是我国古代劳动人民的杰作。长城像一条巨龙似的穿过大海、高山、草原和沙漠，蜿蜒曲折，绵延万里。

请往前方看，八达岭长城就要到了。长城的外侧一面有两米多高的垛口墙，垛口墙上设有排列有序的瞭望口、射击口和礌石孔，它们分别是用来观看敌情、射击敌人和滚放礌石用的。瞧，右前方有个烽火台，在古代烽火台是用于屯兵的堡垒，也是万里长城最重要的部分之一。

下面给大家讲一个与长城有关的动人故事--《孟姜女哭长城》。

秦朝的时候，有位温柔贤惠的女子叫孟姜女。一天，她在自家的葡萄架下发现一个饥饿难耐的人，就把这个人救了。原来这个人是一位男子叫范喜良，秦始皇四处抓人修筑长城，范喜良是逃难流落到这里的。没想到孟姜女和范喜良一见倾心，准备成婚。婚事那天晚上，一群官兵闯了进来，二话不说把范喜良抓走，去修筑长城了。好事落了一场空，孟姜女日日夜夜不见自己的丈夫范喜良回来就决定外出找寻。当孟姜女千辛万苦走到长城脚下时得知自己的丈夫已被活活累死后，伤心地哭了三天三夜，凄厉的哭喊感动了天地，惊动了众神。顷刻间，一道闪电划破长空，一段长城被立刻击倒，把埋在长城脚下的范喜良的尸首露了出来。孟姜女终于捡到了日思夜想的丈夫，可范喜良再也不能睁眼见到心爱的孟姜女了。

好了，这个故事讲完了，大家准备下车攀登八达岭长城。不过，请大家记住几条：1、不要破坏公物;2、不要离开八达岭风景区，如果迷了路要尽快和我联系;3、要注意安全并保管好自己随身携带的物品，不要乱丢垃圾;4、记住集合时间和地点。祝大家攀登愉快!!