长城导游词英语简短【推荐20篇】

Now we come to the body palace of Jiuhua Mountain. When we talk about thebody palace of Jiuhua Mountain, we have to mention one person. This man, Jinqiaojue, is a foreigner. He comes from ancient Silla, which is today thesoutheast of the Korean Peninsula. According to historical records, Jin qiaojuewas a prince of Silla. At the age of 24, he cut his hair to become a monk andsailed from Silla to China. He traveled all over the famous mountains and riversin China, and finally settled down in Jiuhua Mountain to practice. And inaccordance with the vow of Bodhisattva dizang: "hell is not empty, vow not tobecome a Buddha.". During his practice in Jiuhua Mountain, Jin qiaojue subduedthe beasts and collected herbs. While he was treating the people on themountain, he preached sutras and widely practiced Buddhism, which was deeplyloved by the people. Jin qiaojue gradually became famous and received manydisciples. Even local officials went up to the mountain to listen to Buddhismand recite his deeds to the imperial court. As a result, more and more peoplefollow Jin qiaojue. Because of the high mountains, dense forests and littleland, the monks could not support themselves with food, so they had to eatguanyintu. Because of long-term malnutrition, people at that time called Jinqiaojue "haggard monk" and his disciples "haggard people". However, the moredifficult it was, the more firm Jin qiaojues faith was and the more respectedhe was. Even the monks of Silla came to follow him one after another. Afterninety-nine years old as like as two peas, Jin Qiaojue died, and the body hadnot rotted for three years. His face was just like before his death. Thesesupernatural phenomena are similar to those of the Tibetan king Bodhisattvarecorded in the Buddhist scriptures. It happened that jinqiaojue was namedjindizang, so Buddhism confirmed him as the reincarnation of the Bodhisattvaking of dizang. People built pagodas and tombs to worship him. Since then,Jiuhua Mountain has become a well-known Taoist Center for the king ofTibetans.

Now Id like to explain to you the meaning of the "body" offered by the"body Palace". Flesh body, originally meant to be the flesh and blood ofparents. The so-called "body" of Buddhism refers to the body of the eminent monkafter his death. Although his body has gone through a long period of time, ithas not been decayed and festered, and has maintained its original shape andlifelike. Only monks and nuns who have reached a very high level of practice canform a physical body. The body is different from the "Mummy" in Egypt. Inancient Egypt, the funeral ceremony was very simple, just digging a shallow pitin the desert to bury. Due to the dry desert climate, the body quicklydehydrated when it came into contact with the hot sand, the bacteria werekilled, and the mummy was formed by natural action. Later, after death, theinternal organs, brain and other tissues were taken out, and then the corpse wastreated and preserved with drugs. Mummies have also been unearthed in Xinjiang,China. Jiuhua Mountain is located on the South Bank of the Yangtze River. It ishumid all the year round, and the climate is humid. There is no naturalcondition to produce mummies, and the body has not been treated with anymedicine. So far, this peculiar physical phenomenon has not been scientificallyexplained.

There are many precious cultural relics in the body hall and its culturalrelics exhibition room. Some of them are gifts for the royal family. It is veryrare and can be called a treasure house of Buddhist cultural relics. Every year,on the birthday of the king of Tibetans on July 30 of the lunar calendar, it isa traditional temple fair in Jiuhua Mountain. Monks, nuns and pilgrims from allover the country come here to hold Buddhist activities and gather around thebody pagoda to watch the night for the king of Tibetans. Nearby urban and ruralresidents also go to the mountain for folk cultural entertainment activities.Thousands of tourists and pilgrims, chanting Buddhas name day and night,surrounded by cigarettes and drumming, present a grand ceremony.

Hello, everyone. Im Xiao Li, your tour guide. Welcome to the beautifulsunshine city of Lhasa.

Lhasa, the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region of China, has a history ofmore than 1300 years. It is the political, economic, cultural and religiouscenter of the region

It is located in the middle of the Tibetan Plateau, 3650 meters above sealevel, surrounded by mountains, flat terrain, mild climate, annual sunshine timeof about 3000 hours, so it has the reputation of sunshine city.

In the middle of the seventh century, Songzanganbu established the TuboDynasty here. In the Tang Dynasty, after entering Tibet, Princess Wenchengproposed to build a temple by filling the lake with white goats. After thecompletion of the temple, in order to commemorate the contributions of thetemple and the goat, the temple was named Reza. Later, it became the name of thecity and evolved into Lhasa, which means Yangtu city.

For thousands of years, Lhasa has become the center of political andreligious activities in Tibet several times, so Lhasa has become a truly sacredplace.

In the general impression, Lhasa is composed of Potala Palace, Bajiaostreet, Jokhang Temple, sera temple, Drepung temple and Lhasa River. However,Tibetans believe that strictly speaking, Lhasa only refers to Potala Palace,Jokhang Temple and Bajiao street built around Jokhang Temple. Next, let me showyou around the real Lhasa.

What we are seeing now is the world-famous Potala Palace. Is itshocking.

Potala is a Tibetan translation, namely Putuo. According to legend, TibetanBuddhists think that Hongshan is comparable to Guanyins St. Putra mountain, sothey compare it to the second Putra mountain.

The Potala Palace was built in the 7th century for Princess Wencheng, whomarried in Tibet. A total of 999 rooms and 1000 original red mansions werebuilt. It is the highest and largest palace style building complex in the world,with an altitude of more than 3700 meters and an area of more than 360000 squaremeters.

Having said so much, we still dont know which parts the Potala Palace iscomposed of.

The Potala Palace City consists of four parts: the Red Palace, the WhiteHouse, the Dragon King pool behind the mountain, and the snow at the foot of themountain.

The Red Palace is the ancient pagoda hall and various Buddhist halls, whichis located in the center and the top of the whole building. The White Houseembraces the Red Palace, including palaces, sutra halls, gaxia, the former localgovernment of Tibet, and the school of monks and officials. Longwangtan is theback garden of Potala Palace. There is a large pool in the garden center. Thereis an island in the pool. There are longwanggong palace and elephant house onthe island. Snow is at the foot of Potala Palace, where there are prisons,printing houses, workshops and stables of gaxia, the former local government ofTibet.

At the beginning of its construction, the scale of the Potala Palace wasnot as grand as it is now, but gradually expanded with the continuous expansionin the future. Several generations have participated in the expansion and designof the palace, and the cost is huge. It was not until 1936, when the 13th Lamaspagoda hall was completed, that the Potala Palace became its present scale. Sofar, it is like a mysterious symbol, attracting countless people to come toTibet. Those lucky enough to enter the Potala Palace are very lucky.

If you look at this building, do you think it is extremely dazzling? Thisis the famous Jokhang Temple.

Located in the center of Lhasa, the Jokhang Temple has a history of 1350years. It is the most splendid Tibetan Architecture in Tibet. It was first builtin 647. It was jointly built by Songzanganbu, Princess Wencheng of Tang Dynastyand princess Chizun of Nepal. After many expansion, it has formed a grand scalewith an area of more than 25100 square meters. There are more than 20 halls inthe temple. The main hall is four stories high, with gold-plated copper tiletop, which is magnificent. It has the architectural style of Tang Dynasty, andalso absorbs the artistic characteristics of Nepalese and Indianarchitecture.

There is a legend about the origin of the Jokhang Temple.

That was 1300 years ago, when Lhasa was still a wilderness and lake. TheTibetan king wanted to build a temple here in order to honor the 8-year-oldstatue of Sakyamuni brought by Princess Chizun of Nepal. According to legend,temples were built in the daytime and collapsed at night. The temple has neverbeen built. Later, Princess Wencheng came here. Because she knew the eighttrigrams of yin and Yang, she explained that the whole Qinghai Tibet Plateau wasa Luocha girl lying on her back. The witch was in the shape of a human, with herhead to the East and her legs to the West. The lake where the Jokhang Temple islocated is just the heart of the Luocha woman, and the lake water is her blood.So Princess Wencheng said that if she wanted to build a temple, she had to fillthe lake first, and first she had to calm the heart of the witch. Then she alsorecommended another 12 small temples to build 13 temples in remote areas, whichcould hold the limbs and joints of the witch.

It is worth mentioning that in the middle of the hall is a 12-year-oldgilded bronze statue of Sakyamuni brought by Princess Wencheng from Changan.The 8-year-old statue of Sakyamuni brought by Princess Chizun of Nepal wastransferred to Xiaozhao temple in the 8th century.

Tibetan people call the statue of Sakyamuni wearing a crown "Jue Wo".Pilgrims touch their knees with their foreheads, believing that they can prayfor themselves, for their friends, and even for their friends. Believers fromremote areas present hada to Jue Wo for their fellow villagers, just like takinga message to Jue wo.

Dazhao temple is the belief center of Tibetan Buddhism. The temple is fullof incense all day long. Believers are worshiping devoutly, and thousands ofbutter lamps are always on. All these record the never-ending footprints ofpilgrims.

After visiting the Jokhang Temple, of course, lets have a look at our oldand busy Bajiao street. Have you felt the strong flavor of Tibetan life now?

Bajiao street is the pronunciation of Paco street. Paco means the streetaround the Jokhang Temple.

The octagonal street is round, like a huge clock, and the magnificentJokhang Temple is the clock axis. According to Tibetan Buddhists, a circlearound the Jokhang Temple is called "zhuanjing" to show the worship of SakyamuniBuddha in the temple. Bajiao street is also the main route for Tibetan Buddhiststo turn their Buddhist scriptures. Every day, people who kowtow for three stepscome here to worship the Buddha in front of the Jokhang Temple. Some of thesepilgrims are even teenagers. They often really kowtow to Lhasa from thousands ofmiles away. They not only had a long way to go, but also could not earn money bydoing odd jobs. In order to make pilgrimage, they had to endure a very miserablelife on the way.

Bajiao street is a famous commercial center and an important commoditydistribution center in Tibet. At present, there are more than 120 handicraftshops and more than 200 stalls in Bajiao street. Here you can find all kinds ofgood things, all kinds of Tibetan ornaments, Nepalese jewelry, small crafts,carpets, Thangka, etc. Of course, its also a paradise for delicious food.Tibetan food is the most characteristic. All over the country, there are variousflavors of CAI.

Well, thats the end of my explanation. I hope you have a good time inLhasa.

Juzizhou, also known as Juzhou and shuiluzhou, is located in the center ofXiangjiang River opposite Changsha City. It is one of the many alluvialsandbanks in the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River, and also the largest inlandcontinent in the world. Juzhou, facing Yuelu Mountain in the West and ChangshaCity in the East, is surrounded by water and stretches for tens of miles. It isa long island and one of the important places of interest in Changsha.

In 1920__, Comrade Mao Zedong returned from Guangzhou to Hunan to lead thepeasant movement. In the cold autumn, he revisited Orange Island and wrote"Qinyuan spring · Changsha". Therefore, orange island gained great fame. In1960, Juzhou Park was built in Zhoutou, covering an area of 14.2 hectares. Aspecial branch bridge was built from Xiangjiang River Bridge to the island. Thedyke is surrounded by stone barriers and the weeping willow is used to protectthe dyke. Facing the river, a Wangjiang Pavilion and veranda are built atZhoutou. A huge white marble monument stands face to face, engraved withChairman Maos handwriting "orange Zhoutou" and the word "independent coldautumn, Xiangjiang River north, orange Zhoutou" in his "Qinyuan spring ·Changsha" written in the autumn of 1920__. There are thousands of oranges on theisland. In the golden autumn, there are many oranges. The two beaches under theisland are flat, which are natural swimming grounds. Every midsummer, people gotogether, play in the water, cool summer. Orange Island is about 6 kilometerslong from north to South and 0.5 kilometers wide from east to west. At the endof juzizhouwei, the water is clean and the sand is clear, opening up a naturalswimming pool. Juzizhoutou, with a vast land and broad rivers, has built abeautiful Juzhou park. The huge white marble monument standing in the center ofthe park is particularly eye-catching, with Mao Zedongs handwritten "OrangeIsland Head" on the front and the full text of Qinyuan spring Changsha on theback. At Zhoutou, there is also a pavilion with national characteristics, flyingover the Xiangshui river.

Juzizhou erect 32 meters Young Mao Zedong sculpture

The young Mao Zedong art sculpture was built in February 20__ with theapproval of the general office of the CPC Central Committee. The statue is 32meters high, 83 meters long and 41 meters wide. It is based on the image of MaoZedong in 1920__.

天津黄崖关长城的导游词

天津黄崖关长城的导游词1

大家注意一下，我们就快要到黄崖关长城了，我先给大家做一个简单的介绍。黄崖关长城始建于北齐天保七年(公元557年)，距今已经有一千四百多年的历史了。明代时又包砖大修。全段长城建在陡峭的山脊上，东面有悬崖为屏，西边以峭壁为依，有着各项完备的防御设施，被誉为长城建筑的缩影。一向以雄，险，奇，秀兼具的特色吸引着各地的游人。

大家注意一下，现在是9：00，我们12：00准时回到车上，请大家记住我的车是白色大金龙，车牌号为津A1234，。好了，请大家带好贵重物品，按顺序下车。

大家看，我们眼前的这座古牌楼始建于明天顺四年(1460年)，正面书“蓟北雄关”，背面写“金汤巩固”。形容黄牙关长城金汤碧玉，坚不可摧。黄崖关长城分黄崖关和太平寨两个景区。黄崖关以雄伟见长，太平寨以多变取胜。我们现在就是在黄崖关景区。我先把黄崖关景区给大家做个介绍。

黄崖关建于明代，是长城沿线著名的关隘，也是蓟县境内唯一的一座关城。它共分三个游览片：第一是以城关，楼橹和城内“八卦街”为主要内容的长城关塞游览区;二是长城高山游览区;三是长城文化游览区。包括长城博物馆，长寿园，主席诗词碑林，百将，百家墨迹碑林。好了，现在呢我就带大家走进黄崖关，咱们边走边谈。

我们现在走进这个大的门洞之后，就已经来到了八卦城，俗称“八卦迷魂阵”。提调公署(长城博物馆)位于八卦中央，恰好是“太极台”。那么这里面的街道成T字型错综复杂，似通不通，让人扑朔迷离。如果不知底细的话就很可能在里面迷路。

我们现在就来到了八卦迷宫游乐园，这个八卦迷宫可以说是集聚了八卦阵法之精华，咱们看这里数百万的古式矮墙可以说是曲折幽回，那么在这里呢共设了东南西北四个门，但是最终呢只有一条路能到达中心的太极观阵台。大家可以走一走，咱们看哪位朋友最先到达。

咱们现在就来到了长寿园的门口了，在整个园子里一共有雕刻不同的寿字一万多种，可以说是一个寿字大观园。现在咱们就到里面去欣赏一下。我们看到这里有一个似桥非桥，似池非池的建筑，那么它呢就叫长寿桥。我们看到这中间呢有一个大的寿字，它是用蓟县中上元古界的叠层石建成的，距今已经有18亿多年了，年代很久远了。所以也有人叫它长寿石。有人这样说“长寿桥上走一走，逍遥活到99”。这话说不说在我，信不信可得由大家了，怎么样，要不要走一走呀。

走过百将和百家碑林，现在我们就来到了_诗词墨迹碑林。迎面青石上，镌刻着_题写的“_诗词墨迹碑林”，它通高1.226米，寓意主席12月26日生日。碑林里镌刻了_从1920_年到1964年间创作的28首诗词手稿，共计1893字，恰与_诞生之年巧合。为纪念_诞辰一百周年，在院中央还有一尊主席立身铜像。把他在硝烟弥漫的岁月里目视长城内外，指点江山，激扬文字的领袖风范和诗人风采表现的淋漓尽致。

天津黄崖关长城的导游词2

我们现在来到了黄崖正关，又称为北极阁，俗称玄武庙。黄牙正关在城楼下面建台，上面建阁，但不留北门，为什么呢?相传明成祖株隶信奉道教，他认为继承帝位，是因得到北神之助，便在京东一带和他出兵打仗的地方大建玄武庙，保佑他的江山稳固，为了避免人行和车马通过冲撞北神，所以不设北门。

请大家往前看，在千米之外的孤峰顶上，建有一座凤凰楼，传说因有凤凰栖息在此而得名。这就是黄牙关长城的第一道军事防线。第二道就是我们所在的这条主体城墙，可以说是城宽墙厚，易首难攻;第三道呢就是我们刚刚走过的八卦迷魂阵。三道防线使黄崖关长城真的是金汤巩固，坚不可摧。

从这越过拘河，攀上东岸，就是太平寨游览区了。在登长城处的门前，矗立着戚继光的雕像。这位抗委将领不仅对长城的边墙加固加高，还在这段城墙上增修了1000余座结构各异，雄伟壮观的墩台和敌楼。其中一座名为“寡妇楼”。据说人们是为了纪念12位士兵的妻子，继承丈夫的遗志，以身报国的伟大精神而为敌楼命名的。

现在呢大家就可以自己登一登长城了，咱们中国有句老话，不到长城非好汉，咱们也来当一当好汉。大家在登长城时要注意安全，再嘱咐大家一句在12：00之前回到车上。好了，现在大家就可以自由活动了。

天津黄崖关长城的导游词3

大家好，欢迎大家来到这里，下面我和大家介绍一下!

黄崖关长城在蓟县北30公里的崇山峻岭之中，始建于公元556年，是世界文化遗产，国家首批4A级景区。黄崖关长城，东达河北省遵化县的马兰关，西接北京平谷的将军关，全长42公里，是中国古长城的一部分，有楼台66座，即敌楼52座，烽火台14座，是京东军事险要之地。明代名将戚继光任蓟镇总兵时，曾重新设计，包砖大修。自一九八四年九月至一九八七年九月军民协力共计修复边墙三千零二十五米，敌台二十座。为中国修复长城工程中最长的一处。1990年，黄崖关长城被选入“津门十景”。

黄崖关城是明代蓟镇长城的重要关隘，也是县境内唯一的一座关城。关城东侧山崖的岩石多为黄褐色，每当夕阳映照，金碧辉煌，素有“晚照黄崖”之称，关城因此得名。黄崖关长城以关城为中心，向泃河两崖延伸，东至半拉缸山，有悬崖为屏;西抵王峁顶山，有峭壁为倚，全段长城建筑在海拔7360米的山脊之上。

黄崖关长城黄崖关长城有楼台20座，八卦关城1座，正关楼1座，寨堡1座。黄崖关城建筑特色鲜明，构成了完整的防御工事体系 。包括城墙和东西南北四座城门楼。南城门楼上镌“黄崖口关”，北城门楼上书“黄崖正关” ，城墙上建有“北极阁”，也叫“玄武庙”。关城内的街道就是著名的“八卦街”，也叫“八卦迷魂阵”，用丁头错位死巷、活巷组合而成，易进而难出。关城之外建有圆状空心敌楼，为著名的凤凰楼。从此向南则是横跨泃河的黄崖水关;向西是以长城边墙、和王峁顶峰燧为主要内容的长城高山游览区;向东则是太平寨长城游览区，这里有引人注目的方形敌楼，名为“寡妇楼”，山巅之上还筑有一个黑色的圆形石楼，为北齐天保年间所建的北齐敦台。

黄崖关长城游览区包括“黄崖夕照”、“二龙戏珠”和“云海烟波”三大奇观，具有雄、险、秀、古四大特色。修复后的黄崖关长城恢复了她的古朴雄姿，在此基础上还建设了一批文化景观。以“八卦街”的中央提督公署为基础建成了我国第一座长城博物馆，在街内还新建了颇具规模的黄崖关长城碑林，包括百将、百家碑林，_诗词墨迹碑林和篆刻碑林，以及百松园和竹刻名联堂等景点，在太平寨长城内侧广场的石台上还树起了戚继光石雕像，在黄崖关口东侧的八仙湖上还建起了八仙湖水上游乐场。

天津黄崖关长城的导游词4

大家好，欢迎大家来到这里，下面我和大家介绍一下!

黄崖关长城在蓟县北30公里的崇山峻岭之中,始建于公元556年,是世界文化遗产，国家首批4A级景区。黄崖关长城，东达河北省遵化县的马兰关，西接北京平谷的将军关，全长42公里，是中国古长城的一部分，有楼台66座，即敌楼52座，烽火台14座，是京东军事险要之地。自一九八四年九月至一九八七年九月军民协力共计修复边墙三千零二十五米，敌台二十座。为中国修复长城工程中最长的一处。1990年，黄崖关长城被选入“津门十景”。

黄崖关城是明代蓟镇长城的重要关隘，也是县境内唯一的一座关城。关城东侧山崖的岩石多为黄褐色，每当夕阳映照，金碧辉煌，素有“晚照黄崖”之称，关城因此得名。

黄崖关长城始建于北齐天宝七年(556年)。

黄崖关长城(2)唐代，安禄山在这里驻扎其精锐部队――雄武军。杜甫《渔阳》诗中写道：“禄山北筑雄武城，旧防败走归其营。系书请问燕耆旧，今日何须十万兵。”诗里的雄武城，就是黄崖关。《方舆纪要》载：“雄武城在州东北，唐天宝六载(747年)安禄山筑。”

明代，戚继光为蓟辽总兵，镇守蓟州20_年，期间重修了黄崖关长城，增建了凤凰楼、八卦街和许多楼台。

明永乐年建黄崖口关，成化二年(1466)建太平寨，后经隆庆、万历年大修，建成正关、水口、东西稍城和砖墩等设施完备的防御工程体系。

清康熙《蓟州志》载：“黄崖关边墙九十三里，东起拦马峪，西至松棚顶，楼台四十五座，墩台八座，边储屯粮地三顷四十九亩七分。”这里曾发生过无数次惊心动魄的战争。

1985～1987年，重新修复了蓟县古长城的黄崖关和太平寨两个开放点，共修复墙体3025米，楼台20座，八卦关城1座，正关楼1座，寨堡1座，为中国修复长城工程中最长的一处。1986年10月～1987年9月进行黄崖关第三期修复工程，并建黄崖关长城博物馆，展出古代兵器、戍卒生活文物、碑刻，同期建有《百将墨迹碑林》和《百家墨迹碑林》。

1992年4～7月对水关进行修复。9月，建《_诗词墨迹碑林》。

天津黄崖关长城的导游词5

黄崖关长城由正关、水关、东西稍城和墩台组成。正关即关城是黄崖关城主体，在洵河西岸，呈不规则刀把形。城墙周长890米,面积3.8万平方米，内有子城，城内有一村，街道呈八卦形。南门上方嵌楷书“黄崖关”汉白玉额匾一方。其南有一结构片楼,匾文阳面为“蓟北雄关”，阴面为“金汤巩固”。北场面墙往东延伸即水关。水关是一座桥洞式建筑，上置雉堞，下修拱形水洞，是万里长城中唯一水关。1996年残存关城再次遭到破坏，只剩北城墙卵石。现黄崖关已辟为旅游胜地，中外旅游者每年有几十万。

黄崖关长城在蓟县城北30公里。东起半拉缸山，西迄王冒顶山，全线总长3025米。关城为官衙、仓储重地，东临讵河，河谷间建五孔桥式水关。西侧的长城边墙，因地制宜筑有砖墙、石墙以及险山墙、劈山墙等多种形式城墙。沿线敌楼、烟墩有方形、圆形、砖筑、石砌诸多类型,共计20座。其中雄踞关北1公里孤峰上的凤凰楼，砖砌圆形，底径16.1米，高18.3米,上、下两层,顶建砖构楼橹铺房，为外地罕见。因年久失修，加之“_”中被破坏，墙垣颓圮。1984～1987年，天津市人民政府和各界人士集资修复，修筑盘山公路，辟建长城博物馆、长城碑林和度假村。

长城衙署、仓储所在。东临讵河，西倚王冒井山。随山形地势修建，呈不规则刀把形,从东至西由瓮城、外城和内城三部分组成。城墙东、西、南三面设通衢城门和城楼,北城墙因防御需要不设城门，而在城台上建北极阁。内、外城地面高差4米，南、北两端各设阵眼门一座,以通内外。城内街道不作棋盘式布局,由数十条死巷、活巷、丁头错位构成，称“八卦街”。漫步其间,给人以扑朔迷离之感,极富神秘色彩。1987年修复,以乾、艮、震、巽、离、坤、兑的图形和方位分布。城中心的“黄崖口提调公署”辟为长城博物馆。乾卦区创建百将、百家墨迹碑林和_诗词墨迹碑林。瓮城内修建竹刻名联堂，其余房舍辟作黄崖山庄宾馆，是国内旅游设施完备的长城风景游览胜地。

今天，我们去爬八达岭长城，

描写长城景色的作文。机会难得，我格外兴奋!

开始爬长城了。我拉起爸爸的手一步两个台阶地往上冲，不一会儿就把妈妈甩在了后面。我神气十足地跑着，风轻柔地抚摸着我，使我感到无比凉快!

到了第一个烽火台，我便迫不及待地跑到“箭窗”那儿看风景。什么叫箭窗呢?爸爸告诉我：“‘箭窗’是古代打仗时朝外射箭的地方，射手在那里射箭，既看得远，又能够藏身。”瞧，古代人多聪明啊!

我们继续往上爬。石阶已经铺了上千年，虽然被许多人踩过，却依然坚固。爬着爬着，我发现每隔一段台阶就有一个低于台阶的小沟沟，这是干什么用的呢?爸爸说：“这是泄洪用的。遇到大雨，当水快淹到烽火台时，就会从小沟沟排出去，以免淹到更高处。”古代人真是聪明，竟然能想出这种巧妙的抗洪办法，真是太了不起了!

终于，我们到了八达岭长城的最高点——“好汉坡”!我真是兴奋到了极点，在上面又蹦又跳，大口大口地呼吸着新鲜空气!啊，好舒服啊!我站在“好汉坡”上，望着远方连绵起伏的长城，心里不禁感叹道：“这巨龙般的长城，是建造者们花多少工夫才建成的啊!”

我们在长城上合完影，就下去了。我一边下，一边恋恋不舍地往后看，真希望能再多待一会儿!

下了长城，我又抬头向上望去。长城依然是那么庄严、古老，它铭记着千千万万无名英雄的无私奉献!

大家好！我是黄楚媛小导游。今天，由我来带你们去那前不见头、后不见尾的八达岭长城。

现在，我们已经到了北京有名的八达岭长城的脚下了。你们看，这条像长龙一样的长城，是从东边的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。我们已经来到城墙的垛子上，大家看边上，那两个洞。一个是瞭望口，一个是射击口，供瞭望和射击用。这里很美，大家可以看看风景，也可以拍一点照片。可是，请不要留下你们的墨宝和物品。

我们已经来到了城台，这城台，每隔三百多米就有一座。以前，打仗的时候，屯兵就可以在城台上互相呼应。

今天的万里长城已经游玩完了，大家散了吧！

The tourists everybody is good, today Ill guide you to visit the Great Wall.

Look, far see the Great Wall it is like a long dragon, in between the mountains winding. From shanhaiguan east to west of jiayuguan, has more than thirteen thousand.

Now we have come to the Great Wall. This section of the Great Wall built in badaling, tall and strong, it is built against the huge stone and ChengZhuan. With square brick on the top of the wall, very smooth, like a wide road, WuLiuPi mark in parallel. Outside walls along the rows of buttress has two meters high, buttress on the square? At the mouth and a nozzle for? With hope and shot. On the top of the wall, every three hundred meters there is a square ChengTai, station troops fortress, war, between the ChengTai can mutual echo.

Now we are standing on the Great Wall, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall, you will naturally think of the ancient working people to build the Great Wall. Single the countless stone, a piece of have two or three one thousand catties, at that time there were no trains, cars, no crane this steep ridge, rely on countless countless hands, shoulders to the time of the working people is great.

Such boldness of vision of the male project, in the history of the world but a great miracle!

Is the majestic of the Great Wall, the male of vast gray not let us deeply intoxicated? Then let you to use your experience.

Hong Kong Disneyland is the worlds fifth Disneyland model, Disneys 11ththeme park in the world, and the first theme park based on California Disneyland(including Sleeping Princess Castle). Visitors to Hong Kong Disneyland willtemporarily stay away from the real world, enter the colorful fairy talekingdom, and experience the mysterious and fantastic future country and thethrilling adventure world.

Hong Kong Disneyland covers an area of 126 hectares, which is the smallestDisneyland in the world. However, there will be several expansion projects inthe future, of which the first phase is under construction. Hong Kong Metro hasa dedicated Disney line between Xinao station and Disney Station, which is thesecond special railway line to Disney in the world. Hong Kong Disneyland themesong "lets fly" is sung by the honorary ambassador of Hong Kong Disneyland,Jacky Cheung. The official communication languages of the park are English andChinese (Putonghua and Cantonese).

Hong Kong Disneyland has a number of unique attractions, two Disney themehotels, and a variety of shopping, catering and entertainment facilities. Thepark generally includes four theme areas (8 in California, 7 in Florida andTokyo, and 5 in Paris), which are similar to other Disneyland, includingAmerican small town street, adventure world, fantasy world and tomorrow world.In addition to the well-known Disney classic stories and amusement facilities,Hong Kong Disneyland also plans some amusement facilities, entertainmentperformances and cruises specially designed for Hong Kong in line with thecultural characteristics of Hong Kong. In the park, you can also find Disneycartoon characters Mickey Mouse, Winnie the Pooh, Hua Mulan, Cinderella,Sleeping Princess, etc. The first phase of Theme Park Hong Kong Disneyland isdivided into four theme parks: American town street, adventure world (pirateworld from May 4 to September 2, 20__), fantasy world and tomorrow world.

Tomorrows world:

Tomorrows world is a place full of science fiction and fantasy. The newdesign and feeling of tomorrow world in Hong Kong Disneyland is quite differentfrom other theme parks. Walt Disney fantasy project has created the whole parkinto a star river space port for exploring space adventures and experiences.Each amusement facility, shop and restaurant is decorated with robots,spaceships and floating stars. It will become a part of the space port. Touristscan experience the space-time journey in "flying over the Space Mountain", ortake the flying saucer to shuttle back and forth through the space amusementfacility "space flying saucer". Project: flying over space mountain, flyingsaucer, bass Lightyear interstellar adventure, car world

Buss Lightyear interstellar adventure and his teammate buss Lightyear aredriving a star spaceship to make a 360 degree rotation in space, and you canlaunch laser cannons to repel the enemy forces and attack their bases, and reachthe top of the best performance list.

Fly over the space mountain and ride the amazing indoor roller coaster totwist, turn and fall in the dark sky. Under the background of music and soundeffect, you can experience the excitement between the boundless universe andstars. You can walk with meteors and comets and fly to the bright future! Theminimum height requirement of this amusement facility is 102 cm. You can use theamusement facility of Disney express pass card.

Fantasy World:

Visitors to fantasy world will start their journey at Sleeping PrincessCastle. Visitors can find their favorite Disney characters in the Disney Story:they can spin in the coffee cup, or they can meet with various lovely Disneycharacters such as Winnie the Pooh, snow white and Mickey Mouse. The centralsymbol of fantasy world is a new and unique dream garden, which is unique toHong Kong Disneyland.

Projects: Sleeping Princess Castle, Mickey Fantasia, little flying elephantrevolving world, Cinderella Carousel, fantasy world railway station, dreamgarden, crazy hat revolving cup, Mickey Gold Award musical, Winnie the PoohAdventure, snow white wishing hole.

Explore the world:

Along the huge rivers, through the African prairie, into the mysteriousforest of Asia, to the island of Mount Tai, the brave navigator will also leadtourists to explore the mysterious secrets of nature. Adventure world also hasone of the largest indoor theaters for Disney live performances.

Projects: Lion King celebration, Taishan tree house raft, Taishan treehouse and forest river tour, Liqi fountain

The Lion King celebration is a Broadway song and dance drama adapted fromDisneys classic animation "Lion King". Its a gorgeous and grand celebration,which can make you marvel! You can use the amusement facilities of Disneys fastpass card. When you enter the mysterious river full of exotic customs, you willencounter roaring elephants, attacking hippos, dangerous cobras, attacking apes,etc. the journey is full of surprises and jokes.

Highlights of Hong Kong Disneyland 1: song and dance youth dance express:"song and dance youth dance express" is a new entertainment project launched byHong Kong Disneyland in 20__, with vigorous dance and enthusiastic interactionas the biggest selling point. At that time, 17 fashionable performers will enjoysinging and dancing on the mobile stage with the banner of "singing and dancingyouth". Meanwhile, the host will lead the performers to play games with thetourists. tourist

They can also join the carnival singing and dancing team, singing anddancing with the actors.

Highlight 2: cloth doll mobile experiment: cloth doll mobile experiment isalso a new project launched by Hong Kong Disneyland in 20__. The alien "Dr. firemelon" and his right-hand man "Jianzui" are driving their newly invented? D? Dtwo wheel drive egg shaped mobile test vehicle slowly along the streets of smalltowns in the United States, and constantly soliciting tourists to study sciencewith them. They will ask tourists all kinds of "brain twists" and the answers tothe questions are very amusing and interesting.

Highlight 3: Town Hall: Town Hall is the location of Hong Kong Disneylandservice center, which is absolutely a stop to visit Disney. Here, visitors canobtain the map and scenic spot guide of the park, reserve restaurant seats, andquery all data of Hong Kong Disneyland.

Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel is the flagship hotel of Hong Kong Disneyland.Its architectural style is full of nostalgic features of the Victorian era. Itslike going back in time, back in the Victorian era, turning into a royalaristocrat, enjoying the magnificent and romantic life. The hotel is 6 floorshigh, with restaurants, shops, bars, teahouses, spa massage centers, suites,conference rooms, 903 Ping sandurilla banquet hall and wedding viewing platform.The Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel is divided into four types: garden view, seaview, sea view room with terrace and state guest hall. The top floor of thehotel is the VIP floor, with a view of the theme park. Each guest room and suiteof the hotel is designed according to the Victorian palace room. The nostalgicdecoration is combined with modern facilities, including flat LCD TV, high-speedInternet device, safe deposit box and mini bar. Free drinks are provided tobring the noble enjoyment of dream. Hong Kong Disneyland can also arrange Disneyfairy tale wedding, so that guests can hold a real Disney wedding in the themeresort.

Disney Hollywood Hotel Disney Hollywood Hotel is located in the greenwaterfront, with beautiful garden scenery. The eight storey building has 600guest rooms. Most of the rooms are designed with two double beds, which canaccommodate up to four people at the same time. There are restaurants, shops,lounges, swimming pools, shopping malls, game rooms and a garden atrium like amap of Los Angeles, in which there are famous streets, buildings and signs ofHollywood. The design of the hotel is based on the architectural art style of"decoration school", with Mickey Mouse decoration of the 20th century, creatinga unique "Disney decoration school" art design.

The design of the hotel combines the strong lines of the traditionaldecoration school and the kind and unique Disney creation, with the lightingeffect full of film sense, creating a brilliant atmosphere of "Hollywood". Inthe hotel, the Mickey Mouse theme restaurant in the form of self-service is verypopular. In addition, guests can enjoy the sea view when they are in the hotellobby

Garden, beautiful scenery. In addition to the outdoor swimming pool, thecourtyard garden also has a pedestrian corridor with "Hollywood" street as theblueprint, which makes the residents feel like they are in the world-famous"Hollywood" city and feel the extraordinary golden age.

Disney Hollywood Hotel is 8 stories high, with restaurants, shops, bars,piano shaped swimming pool, and a "sunset platform" for tourists to enjoy thesunset. The most eye-catching is the garden designed like a map of Los Angeles,with famous streets, buildings and signs modeled after Hollywood. Along the way,there are handprints and footprints of international stars and local famousartists. The hotel is divided into three kinds of rooms with garden view,Paradise view and sea view.

The 600 guest rooms provide star rated service, comfort and fun experience,as well as outdoor quiet environment, rich food, diversified facilities andsatisfactory service, which will make a happy ending for your "Hollywoodexperience". Park tickets

Category weekdays designated days_

Adult HK $295 HK $350

Children (3 to 11 years old) HK $210 HK $250

Elderly (65 years old or above) HK $170 HK $200

Admission is free for children under 3 years old. All ticket prices are inHong Kong dollars. The current exchange rate of RMB to Hong Kong dollar is0.88:1 (20__-10-21).

Prices and dates are subject to change.

_Designated days include Saturdays, Sundays, Hong Kong public holidays,school summer holidays (July and August) and mainland golden week (may 1-7 andOctober 1-7 each year).

Highlight 4: Animation Art Classroom: animation art classroom is a place toteach tourists, especially children, how to use brushes to depict cartooncharacters in Disney fairy tales. In addition to multimedia videos, professionalcartoon teachers also provide detailed guidance for tourists. Visitors caneasily draw classic cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duckhere.

Highlight 5: antique cars on small town streets: there are all kinds ofantique cars on small town streets in the United States, including minibuses,prison cars, taxis, etc. Visitors can take the antique car from the street tothe town square. Sitting in these lovely antique cars and enjoying the cartoonlike streetscape along the way, I feel quite wonderful.

Highlight 6: Hong Kong Disneyland Railway: the Hong Kong Disneyland railwaystarts from the small town street of the United States, passes through the majortheme parks of Hong Kong Disneyland, and leads tourists to enjoy the variousattractions of Disneyland

Disneyland is a very classic amusement project. __ small town street,USA:

When you enter Disneys first stop, you can imitate the style of Americanrural towns in the early 20th century. You can enjoy the nostalgic buildings ofAmerican markets, various elegant antique cars, and taste all kinds of Chineseand western delicacies.

Projects: Hong Kong Disneyland railway, antique cars on small town streets,Disneyland stories, town halls. Hong Kong Disneyland expands three new parks

According to Lin Silang, senior vice president of Disneys CreativeDepartment of fantasy engineering, three new parks will be added to theexpansion of Hong Kong Disneyland, namely "maze Manor", "grizzly Valley" and"anti fighter base camp". According to the chairman of Walt Disney World andresort, Mr. Luo sile, Hong Kong Disneyland is optimistic that the expansion ofthree new theme areas will show Disneys best creativity, innovative technologyand storytelling skills. The new amusement facilities will help promote thesuccessful development of our latest Disney theme park.

Among them, the theme park of "maze Manor" will play the "science andtechnology" card, with monkeys leading the way and trackless cable cars takingtourists to unexpected places. More than 10 different scenes will be used toshow the strange collections of different countries and regions, and specialeffects such as fire and flash will be added to enhance the visual effect."Grizzly bear Valley" allows visitors to fly through the fountain and thewestern wilderness in the wild mine, and see different forms of bears in themine cave. The theme park of "anti fighter base camp" comes from the film,focusing on the design of body language and dynamic special effects.

Hello, everyone. Im your guide. Lets visit the famous HumbleAdministrators garden. Humble Administrators garden is a typical garden workof Ming Dynasty. It is compact, simple and elegant. Humble Administratorsgarden is centered on water. She is divided into three parts: East, middle andWest.

The first thing we came to is the east garden. Please see, the east side ofthe lawn is a broad area. On the west side of the lawn is a mound of earth.There are wooden pavilions on it. The flowing water lingers around the lawn. Thewillows on the bank are low. Among them are Shiji and Lifeng. There arewaterside pavilions and curved bridges near the water. It has a strong featureof Jiangnan Water Town. How beautiful it is!

Through the east garden, we came to the middle garden. The center of thepark is the pool. Pavilions and pavilions are built near the water. Somepavilions and pavilions are straight out of the water. Please see, that antiquehouse is the main hall Yuanxiang hall, which uses lotus fragrance as a metaphorfor character. It has long windows on all sides, and you can enjoy the sceneryin the garden. Ladies and gentlemen, please come to the north of the hall. Thereis a linchi platform. You can enjoy the island mountain and the pavilions in thedistance from the pool. The water here is clear, lotus is planted everywhere,and the mountain island is covered with trees. The scenery of the four seasonsvaries from time to time. Its so beautiful!

Lets go further west to see the west garden. The layout of the west iscompact, with pavilions built close to mountains and rivers. That is the mainbuilding of the west garden, the 36 Yuan Yang hall. It was the place where themaster of the garden entertained guests and listened to music. On a sunny day,you can see the outdoor scenery through the blue glass window, just like a snowscene. The pool of the 36 Yuan Yang Pavilion is in the shape of a curvedruler.

Humble Administrators garden is full of beautiful scenery, which cant befinished in three days and three nights. Please take your time. Please payattention to health and safety when you visit, and dont litter.

Hello everyone, its been a hard journey. First of all, welcome to Yichang,the capital of water and electricity in the world. Im Xiao Zhao, your guidetoday. Following the pace of the car, we embarked on the journey of Yichang. Imvery happy to roam Yichang with me under the sky of fate. I wish you all have agood time here and let the beautiful Yichang stay in your memory forever.

In the west of Hubei Province, which is known as "the province of thousandsof lakes, the land of fish and rice", it is the ancient battlefield of the ThreeKingdoms and one of the birthplaces of Chu culture. Now Yichang is an emergingindustrial and tourism city in China, and a well-known hydropower city in China.There is such a bright pearl beside the Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges of theYangtze River: its land is rich and beautiful. Yichang, located in the west ofHubei Province and the east of Chongqing City, is known as the Pearl at themouth of the gorge. It controls Bashu on the upper side and leads Jingxiang onthe lower. It is known as the throat of Sichuan and Hubei and the gateway of theThree Gorges During the Three Kingdoms period, the Yiling battle between Wu andShu took place in Yichang.

Yichang City governs five counties, three cities and five districts, with apopulation of 4.15 million. The city covers an area of 21000 square kilometers,with an urban area of 4249 square kilometers and an urban population of 1.338million. There are three main roads in the city, Dongshan Avenue, Yiling Avenueand Yanjiang Avenue, running through the whole city from north to south. Yichangcity spans both sides of the Yangtze River. Yichang has convenienttransportation, including waterway, highway, railway, empty road and road Allright. Yichang port is one of the eight major ports of the Yangtze River.Jiaozhou Liuzhou Railway and Yichang Wanzhou railway meet in Yichang. The ThreeGorges Airport is not only the largest civil airport in the Three Gorges region,but also an international alternate airport. Yihuang highway, Hurong highway and318209055 national highway are the main roads, which extend in alldirections.

Yichang had a county government more than 20__ years ago. There were morethan ten names, such as Yiling, Yizhou, xiazhou and Donghu. The longest nameused is Yiling, which has a history of more than 2400 years. It is named afterthe mountain situation of "the water is here and the Yi is there and themountain is here and the Ling is there". It means: "the mountain is here and themausoleum is here, and the water is here and the barbarians are there." that isto say, as soon as the roaring Yangtze River reaches Yichang, the river becomeswider and the mountains on both sides gradually become hills. In the Yongzhengperiod of the Qing Dynasty, the court thought that the word "Yi" was taboo.Because the Han people called them "Yi people", they changed their name toYichang. Why is it called Yichang? Yichang has the meaning of conforming to thetimes and being suitable for prosperity Thinking is still in use today. It isalso known as xiazhou because it is located at the mouth of the Three Gorges ofthe Yangtze River. In the 13th year of Yongzheng reign of Qing Dynasty, it wasrenamed Yichang, which means "suitable for prosperity". Because the junction ofthe middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River "controls Bashu on the upperside and leads Jingxiang on the lower side", it is also known as "the throat ofSichuan and Hubei" and "the gateway of the Three Gorges".

The vicissitudes of Yiling for thousands of years, 200 thousand years ago,there were "Changyang people" activities in the Qingjiang River Basin. Thediscovery of dozens of Neolithic sites in the territory proves that theancestors of the Chinese nation lived and multiplied on this land as early as5000 or 6000 years ago. In the Warring States period, it was one of thebirthplaces of Chu culture. In 278 B.C., Emperor Qingxiang of Chu attacked BaiQi and burned the Yiling here. The name of Yiling was first found in history.During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei avenged Guan Yu and ledhundreds of thousands of troops to attack the state of Wu. Wu general Lu Xun,with only 50000 people, retreated to the Yiling line. When the conditions wereripe for the Shu armys "soldiers tired and cursed", he ordered to attack Shuwith fire. The fire burned 40 barracks, and the Shu army was defeated. Liu Beiretreated to Baidi city overnight. This is the story of Lu Xun burning companycamp 700 Li. After the Yiling war, the situation of tripartite confrontation isgone forever.

Yichang culture has a long history, as the cradle of Chu culture and thebirthplace of Ba culture. Some unique customs, such as the Tujia peoples"Weeping marriage" were passed down along the mature agreement.

Welcome to Xijiang Qianhu Miao village, the largest Miao village in theworld. Im Xiao Yang, todays Guide. You can also call me director Yang. I willshare all I know with you today. I hope you can have more harvest today and havea good trip.

① Xijiang Miao village is located at the foot of Leigong Mountain in thenortheast of Leishan County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture ofGuizhou Province. It is connected by more than ten natural villages built closeto the mountain. It is the largest Miao village in the world at present,according to 20 reports__ According to the annual statistics, there are 1288households in Xijiang Miao village, with a population of more than 6000, ofwhich the Miao population accounts for 99.5%. Therefore, we can say that thebase camp of the Miao people is in Guizhou, and the base camp of the Miao peoplein Guizhou is in Xijiang.

② Miao nationality is a hardworking nationality. It has a long history andis closely related to Jiuli, Sanmiao and Jinman in ancient times. They are in acontinuous line. Therefore, Miao nationality comes from Jiuli in emperors timeand Sanmiao in Yao, Shun and Yus time, while jingman in Shang and ZhouDynasties is a descendant of Sanmiao The second great migration finally arrivedin Guizhou, which is located in the southwest of China. They took root here andcreated the Miao culture with Guizhou characteristics. Guizhou is the placewhere the Miao people live and the area where the Miao culture is mostcompletely preserved. Guizhou has concentrated the main cultural characteristicsof the Miao people in China.

③ Miao people have always lived together to form different villages. Mostof them have one family name, and rarely live together. Now we see thetraditional architecture of Miao people, the stilted building, which is a symbolof Miao peoples hard work. The construction technology of the stilted buildingin Xijiang thousand family Miao village is far from the Ganlan architecture ofsouth peoples nest in Hemudu culture. It can be seen that the Miao stiltedbuilding has a long history Zhou is a place with green mountains and beautifulwaters. The Miao peoples villages are mostly built close to the mountains,forming a unique living style. The houses are mainly of wood structure, most ofwhich are two-story and a few of which are three-story. On the hillside, most ofthem are stilted buildings, the front of which are buildings, the back of whichare bungalows, and the lower layer is piled with firewood and animals. Peoplelive on the second floor. If there is a third floor, it is used for stackinggrain and so on. On the second floor of the hanging feet, there is usually adistinctive chair, because the beautiful Miao girls like to sit on it withembroidery,

Therefore, it was named "meirenkao". The Miao peoples stilted buildingconstruction technology was approved by the State Council and listed in thefirst batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

尊敬的各位游客，很高兴能当你们的导游。我姓x，大家叫我好了。我们现在正在通往金山岭的路上，很快便会到达金山岭长城。我将带您游览长城风光。

各位请注意了，我们现在已到达了金山岭长城。那远处的城台，名叫烽火台，是屯兵的堡垒。它们每隔二百多米就有一台，上面扔着晒干了的狼粪。因为狼粪升起的烟又黑又浓，别的城台见了，便会立刻燃起狼烟。这样，就可以以迅雷不及掩耳之势，引来救兵，剿灭全部敌军。

诸位朋友，金山岭长城很长很长，接下来我们继续游赏长城的美丽景色，您一定会大开眼界的……

各位，我们现在正行进在金山岭隧道。金山岭和司马台是长城主要风景……这条穿越路线正是行走在“时空隧道”之上。从金山岭往南走，就到了有名的司马台长城。司马台长城雄险奇巧，变化多端，有百余敌楼。从双眼楼到五眼楼，是金山岭长城最雄壮的一部分。

金山岭长城才只是长城的一部分，长城有一万三千里。因为时间紧，所以只能走马观花的大概看看。其它的长城还有很多，有机会请大家细细游赏。

蔚县历史悠久，唐尧最初把中国分为九州，蔚县属冀州地。虞舜时有将中国分为十二州，蔚县属并州。夏禹重新分中国为九州，蔚县又回属冀州。在殷商时期，蔚县称代国(都今代王城)，依属冀州。周朝时代，蔚县依然称代国，属冀州。战国为赵国代郡地，周赦王十八年(公元前三零三年)，赵武灵王雍封子章于安阳，号安阳君。安阳是代国的下属.安阳的安定县。秦始皇二十六年(公元前二二一年)，将天下分为郡和县，蔚县称代郡，治理代县。西汉时，蔚县依然称代郡，属幽州所辖。王莽篡汉后(公元九年)，蔚县称厌狄，代县称厌狄亭。东汉时蔚县又称代郡。建安十八年(公元二十一年)省幽并二州，蔚县又归属冀州。后魏丕代汉，又重设幽并二州，蔚县回属并州。

从史籍考证看，蔚州的设置和辖境是有变化的、有移徙的。追溯蔚州最 早建置于东魏永安中(公元528-530年)改怀荒、御夷二镇(分别在张北县与赤城县北)置，寄治并州邬县界。《中国历史地图集》北朝·东魏图(武定四年，公元546年)中蔚州治，即标定在此。正如清朝顺治十六年版《蔚州志·古迹》载：“蔚州废城：在平遥西北二十五里，后魏迁蔚州民居此，州废。”当时领郡有三：即始昌郡、忠义郡、附恩郡。领县有七;即于门县、兰泉县、苇池县、西凉县、利石县、化政县。今之蔚州，东魏孝静帝天平二年(公元535年)始置蔚州(治今蔚县城)，蔚自此始，北周宣帝时(公元579年)又置蔚州，是著名的“燕云十六州”之一，置大昌县州治在灵丘(今山西省灵丘县)蔚县地属之。

隋大业三年(公元620xx年)罢蔚州置雁门郡，为雁门郡灵丘县地。隋末陷于突厥。

唐武德六年(公元620xx年)重轩蔚州，寄治并州阳曲县，贞观五年(公元631年)破突厥，复故地，移治灵丘县，属河北道。开元十二年(公元720xx年)置安边县(治今蔚县城)，天定元年(公元742年)，改蔚州为安边郡，并自灵丘移州治于安边城。至德二年(公元757年)改安边郡为兴唐郡，并改安边县为兴唐县。乾元元年(公元758年)又置蔚州。

I hope you dont litter fruit peels, chewing gum and other garbage duringthe journey. Hello, tourists! Welcome, and dont Scribble in the scenic spots.Have a good trip!

It is said that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Daoling, the ancestor ofheaven, came here to make alchemy. When he made alchemy, he saw the images of atiger and a dragon in the air on the mountain. Since then, people have called itLonghushan. Now, what we see is Luxi river. The river here is clear, the sandand stone are visible, the green algae are nodding in the water, and the happylittle fish are swimming around. Look at the strange peaks and rocks near andfar. Some of them look like people and some are lifelike. Up to now, there arefamous "ten no" scenes, such as "cloud brocade cant be covered", "mushroomcant be picked", "jade comb cant be combed", "Dan spoon cant be filled","Xiantao cant be eaten"... And so on. Now the mountain peak is in the shape ofa peach that has been bitten. Legend has it that monkey king stole the peachesfrom the Queen Mothers flat peach fair, ate them and went back to HuaguoMountain. When he flew through Longhu Mountain, he accidentally dropped thepeaches he had just bitten and turned them into Xiantao peak.

There are caves on the cliffs of Luxi River, which are ancient cliff tombs.How did the cliff tombs come from? Two thousand and six hundred years ago, thisis the tomb of ancient Yue people in the spring and Autumn period and theWarring States period. Archaeologists have excavated hundreds of cultural relicshere,

For example, thirteen string xylophone, twill textile machine, pottery,wood and bamboo ware are very precious, which can be called the birthplace ofChinese cliff tomb culture and the Museum of cliff tomb culture. Cliff tombs are300 meters high and 30-40 meters low. There are single tombs and group tombs.There is a hanging coffin show at 2 and 4 p.m. every day, which is performed bythe five brothers of the compatriots who collect herbs on the dragon and tigermountain. You can enjoy it.

Dear tourists, this is the end of todays tour. Tomorrow I will lead you tocontinue to play. bye!

亲爱的旅客朋友们：

heuo！我叫，我是你们这一次游览的导游。

大家看，我们现在已经在八达岭的脚下。大家抬头看，八达岭长城是不是非常像一条龙？在崇山峻岭之间蜿延盘旋着。告诉大家，这段长城有一万三千里。大家再看，可以发现这里的长城分为西、北两峰，景色十分壮观、龙腾虎跃、气象万千。

游客朋友们！我们终于来到了著名的八达岭长城上，真是雄伟壮观啊！这八达岭长城高大、坚固，是用条石和城砖筑成的。

好了，大家再往前走，大家边走边看一下，城墙上有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有方形的口，这是打仗时的瞭望口，和射击口。城墙的顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，这就是古代屯兵的堡垒。

八达岭长城还有很多壮丽的景色，这里是世界文明的旅游景点，希望你们能够细细游赏！ 篇五：游长城导游词

Dear tourists

Welcome to Tianzhu Mountain! Tianzhu Mountain scenic spot is more gloriousbecause of your coming!

Let me first introduce the general situation of Tianzhu Mountain! TianzhuMountain is located on the North Bank of the Yangtze River and in the buriedhills of Anhui Province. It is named for its towering height, such as the giantpillar holding the sky. Tianzhu Mountain used to be known as Qianshan, Wanshanand Wansui mountain. It is said that Wansui mountain was called Wansui mountainbecause Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Wanshan mountain to set up aplatform to offer sacrifices to the mountain during his southern tour, andgranted Wanshan mountain the title of "Nanyue". During the sacrifice, the crowdchanted long live, so this mountain was called Wansui mountain. After Sui andTang Dynasties, Nanyue was changed to Hengshan, and Tianzhu Mountain was listedas the "middle town" of the five major towns in China. Li Bai, a great poet ofthe Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem praising the beautiful scenery of TianzhuMountain: "Wangong mountain on the river". Wangong mountain is Tianzhu Mountain,and the poem says: "Qifeng mountain, Qiyun mountain, Xiumu mountain isbeautiful. In the Qing Dynasty, Wangong mountain was absolutely satisfactory. "After passing the Jingjia bridge, we entered the SANZU Temple scenic spot, theSouth outpost of Tianzhu Mountain. SANZU Temple scenic spot is a culturalboutique scenic spot with the most concentrated cultural attractions and thehighest cultural grade in Tianzhu Mountain. Here, we will experience themysterious religious culture and imperial culture of Tianzhu Mountain, and enjoythe cliff stone carvings group, a national key cultural protection unit, whichis known as the gallery of calligraphy art of past dynasties.

(enter the yerenzhai village in the south gate and go up not far to theSANZU temple. This is the most famous scenic spot of Tianzhu Mountain. Accordingto legend, the temple was first built in the Southern Dynasty, and now there areonly a few Sutra collection buildings, side rooms and jueji tower standing infront of the temple. In the west of SANZU temple, there is a valley full ofboulders. The steep rocks on the side of the valley stand upright. The water inthe valley is gurgling and the pine and bamboo block out the sun. It is called"Valley flowing spring". There is a stone cave at the gate of the valley. Infront of the cave, there is a huge stone shaped like a crouching cow, which iscalled "ancient stone cow cave". It is said that Huang Tingjian, a native of theNorthern Song Dynasty, once studied on this stone and called himself "Taoist ofthe valley". A huge stone here is engraved with a poem by Huang Tingjian and aportrait of Huang Tingjian sitting on a stone ox painted by Li Gonglin, a greatcontemporary painter. This precious stone carving of ancient poetry and paintingis still clearly visible.)

Lets leave now. Soon we will arrive at the yerenzhai scenic spot! Yezhaiis the abbreviation of "yerenzhai". How can a picturesque place like this benamed "yerenzhai"? There are two moving legends here: one is that long ago, wildpeople often haunted this area, harming people and animals. At that time, acounty magistrate was determined to sacrifice himself to save the people. Hetook good wine and vegetables, went deep into the cave, accompanied the savageto drink, and ordered people to use pig iron water to coagulate the cave and diewith the savage. Second, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, local tyrantLiu Yuan led 100000 Yibing to fight against the Yuan Dynasty in TianzhuMountain. He called himself "Liu Yeren" and named the first village in gukou"Yeren village". In the 18 years before and after Liu Yuans resistance to theYuan Dynasty, he was finally betrayed by a traitor and died. In memory of him,the name of yerenzhai has been used to this day.

Now I give you an hours rest time, you can take photos at will, please payattention to safety, then well see you in an hour!

One hours time is really fast, I dont know whether we have fun or not!OK, now lets continue our journey!. Now we have come to the square in front ofSANZU temple. Looking up, the temple buildings with red walls and Daiwa aresurrounded by green trees and bamboos. The whole mountain is like a colorfulPhoenix fluttering its wings to fly. Jueqi tower is built on the Phoenix crown.The winding hills on the East and west sides are encircled, just like thePhoenix wings guarding the solemn Buddhas land. As the saying goes: "seeShanbao Temple far away, and see Sibao mountain near." SANZU temple, the fullname of "SANZU Valley Qianyuan Temple", is the place where the three patriarchsof Chinese Zen spread the Scriptures and spread the Dharma, and occupies a veryimportant position in the history of Chinese Buddhism. In 1983, the StateCouncil approved and announced the opening of temples in Han nationalityareas.

The buildings of SANZU temple are erected from bottom to top along theFengxing mountain. All the way from the mountain gate to the ancestral hall ison a central axis. Burning incense and worshiping Buddha should enter from themountain gate. The gate of SANZU temple is also called Sanmen hall. The name ofthe main gate is Prajna gate, which is the gate of wisdom; the name of the eastgate is liberation gate, which means to get rid of the bondage of trouble andkarma and obtain freedom, also known as the gate of freedom; the name of thewest gate is Jingjin gate, which means to make unremitting efforts in theprocess of decontamination and filtration, also known as the gate of diligentcultivation. On the lintel, there is a plaque of "Qianyuan Temple" inscribed byZhao Puchu, President of the National Buddhist Association.

Entering the mountain gate, you can see that on both sides of the hall,there are 5.5-meter-high "jinganglishi" standing on each side. After theSinicization of Buddhism, the two statues were shaped according to the images of"hum" and "ha" in the list of gods. Through the gate hall, step on the "Tongtianstep.". Because of the steep mountain, SANZU temple has 360 steps all the wayup. You may as well count from now on, the height difference of "Tongtian stage"is 15 meters.

Welcome to Yuhuatai scenic spot. Now we are in the north gate of Yuhuataiscenic area. Before we begin our tour, please listen to me tell a legend.

The story takes place during the Tianjian period of the Liang Dynasty, whenBuddhism was very popular. There were many temples and cigarettes aroundYuhuatai. It is said that an eminent monk named master Yun Guang set up an altarto preach scriptures in a place where the peak is high and the forest is deep.The eminent monk has profound Buddhism, and his mouth is full of lotus flowers.Those who hear the Tao are infatuated and gather for several days. On this day,a few colorful clouds floated across the lecturing altar. Suddenly, the skyflashed. In an instant, colorful flowers, like rain, fell down all over thehills. But the way is that the cloud light theory actually makes the God movethe true feelings, tears whirling. From then on, the eminent monks preachingoffice left the name of Yuhuatai. And the falling seven color flowers turnedinto the well-known Yuhua stone.

In fact, the real name of Yuhuatai has to start from geology. You are nowstanding in the ancient Yangtze River. At that time, the surging river wasrolling under our feet. Later, due to the crustal movement, the river channelmoved northward, resulting in gravel deposition, which is called "Yuhuashilayer" geologically. The stone is oval in shape, with agate in quality. It islustrous, crystal clear, multicolored and beautiful in texture. Because theterrain here is high, reaching an altitude of 60 meters, and rich in Yuhuashi,it is called Yuhuatai, which is worthy of the name.

As Yuhuatai is a commanding height in the south of Nanjing, itsgeographical location is very important, and it has always been known as the"south gate of Jinling". Since ancient times, Yuhuatai has been a must formilitary strategists. It was here that sun ce of the eastern Wu Dynasty defeatedLiu Yao. During the invasion of Jin soldiers in the Southern Song Dynasty, theycamped in Yuhuatai; during the Tianjing defense war of the Taiping HeavenlyKingdom, during the Xinhai Revolution, they crusaded against the Qing soldiers,and during the "capital defense war" of the Anti Japanese War, they all set offa series of wars. Yuhuatai was devastated by war, desolate and desolate, and therain did not appear.

From the legend just now, we must think that Yuhuatai must be a verybeautiful place. Yes, in history, Yuhuatai is a famous scenic spot, withundulating hills, verdant trees, flowing water, clear springs, singing birds andfragrant flowers. Literati, poets, emperors and generals of the past dynastiesvisited the scenic spots and left many well-known poems. According to therecords of Danyang in the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuhuatai is the place wherepeople visit in the south of the Yangtze River. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Yuhuatai was listed as one of the 18 scenic spots of Jinling and the 48 scenicspots of Jinling.

From 1927 to 1949, Yuhuatai wrote another page of startling and weeping.Tens of thousands of outstanding Chinese sons and daughters, for the liberationof the Chinese people and the birth of new China, have sacrificed their preciouslives on the rain flower terrace and composed a solemn and stirring song ofpioneers with their blood.

After the founding of the peoples Republic of China, in order to rememberthe martyrs, pursue the sages, educate the future generations and enlighten thefuture generations, on December 12, 1949, the second session of the firstpeoples Congress of Nanjing made a resolution to build the Yuhuatai Martyrscemetery. According to the principle of "greening before construction" in theinitial stage of the mausoleum construction, after more than 40 years ofafforestation, Yuhuatai scenic spot has planted more than 240 ornamental trees,such as cedar, juniper, Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia, Begonia, Osmanthus fragrans andred maple, with a greening coverage rate of 87%. Since the end of 1970s, theparty and the government have invested a lot of money to build large-scalememorial buildings.

After nearly half a century of planning and construction, Yuhuatai hasformed a basic pattern that is not only a solemn and solemn memorial site, butalso a pleasant tourist attraction. Today, the solemn, simple, fresh, elegantand beautiful environment in Yuhuatai scenic area, the magnificent memorialbuildings across the central axis, and the natural landscape with beautifulscenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter, as well as the rich and colorfulcultural landscape with a long history blend with each other.

游客们，今天我带领你们游览古代历史文物——长城。

俗话说：不到长城就等于没到中国，不到金字塔，就等于没来到埃及!这一段长城修筑在地势险要的八达岭上。远看长城，它像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。请看，长城的城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，城墙外沿有两米多高的垛子。垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。

你们知道吗?原来长城不止一座，而是无数座。当秦始皇统一中国后，把世界上所有的长城连贯起来，组成一个巨大的防御系统。打仗时候，放一鸣炮，表示敌军有五百多人。放二鸣炮，表示敌军有一千多人。三鸣炮，表示敌军有一万多人。这就是长城在打仗时候的作用。

游客们长城是中华民族的智慧和血汗才换来的，我们要珍惜它!

女士们、先生们：

大家好，欢迎您来清西陵观光游览，我是导游员__，旅途中您有什么意见和要求尽管提出来，我愿竭诚为您服务，我们今天的日程是这样为大家安排的：首先参观泰陵,中午到行宫就餐，下午参观崇陵。

泰 陵

清西陵是中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝的陵墓建筑群之一，位于北京西南125公里处的河北省易县境内。在800平方公里的陵区范围内，建有帝陵、后陵、妃园寝、王爷、公主、阿哥园寝等十四座，还有行宫、永福寺两处附属建筑及衙署营房遗址，品种齐全、布局合理。陵区内保存有古松一万五千余株，这些树不但美化了西陵，而且可以避免外界风沙的侵袭和热气、寒流的影响，为西陵营造了一个特别的小气候，使陵寝处于一个独立完整的自然环境之中，使这里的建筑，得以很好地保存。清西陵的历史、文化艺术价值极高，在20__年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》，在20__年1月11日被国家旅游局评为首批4A景区。

清西陵中，雍正皇帝的泰陵建筑最早、规模最大，堪称首陵。这是一处清朝盛世时期遗存下来的古建群体，从它的选址、规划，布局都反映出当时国家的强盛以及政局的稳定，在建筑用料、工程技术，传统工艺等方面也都非常考究。

当代建筑学家讲，泰陵是一处典型的风水宝地的模式。站在大红门前五孔桥上环顾四周，可以看到，北面有连绵起伏的永宁山，为靠山，酷似屏障。永宁山是太行山的余脉，与东陵的昌瑞山属于同一脉系，此山从山西过来，如巨龙横卧中原;大红门两侧的东、西华盖山为天然门户;九龙、九凤山为环护左、右的低岭;南面形态端庄的元宝山，为泰陵的朝山;在中间广阔的平原上座落着泰陵辉宏壮丽，错落有致的建筑群。易水河从五孔桥下流过，形成山映于水，水扶于山的格局。“陵制与山水相称，天人合一”的宇宙观在这里充分体现出来，同时又展示出古代建筑学家巧夺天工的高超艺术。正如美国景观建筑学权威西蒙德先生所说的：“埃及人是在他自己预定的一条不能改变的需求道路上一直走到底，中国人在他的世界里独自徘徊时有友好的大自然来引导他拜谒上天和祖坟。所以没有任何一个地方，风景会真正成为建筑艺术材料。”

泰陵的建筑布局也非常考究，完全依照帝王生前所居宫廷格局，按礼制的需要而规划设计。以神道为中轴线贯穿南北，主体建筑安排在中轴线上，一律座北朝南;地宫座落在中轴线的末端，居中当阳，其余建筑沿中轴线次第排开。这些建筑都以准确的尺度，适宜的体量，斑斓的色彩，灵活巧妙的手法进行配制和空间组合，使陵寝的纪念性、礼制性主题有条不紊地展开并不断深化。

石牌坊是泰陵最具特色的建筑之一，泰陵设三架，无论是从数量还是排列形式上都独具一格。一架面南、两各东西，与北面的大红门形成一个宽敞的四合院。三架牌坊的大小、规制完全一样，均由66块大小石料，仿木卯榫结合而成，每架牌坊高12.75米，宽31.85米，为五间六柱十一楼造型，全部用巨大的青白石打造，各个部位还雕有丰富的纹饰，画面布局合理，造型生动，雕工细腻，玲珑剔透，生机盎然。这在中国历代帝王陵墓中尚属孤品。成为清西陵列入世界文化遗产最具有价值的建筑之一。

整个陵区注重对门的处理，门既可作为出入之用，也可截断空间界面。大红门是进入陵区的总门户，单檐庑殿顶，看上去质朴、凝重、敦实、稳重，视若腾龙偃卧，镇守陵前。两侧有42华里的风水墙，逶迤延展，包护陵区，愈发显出大红门的庄严气派。

具服殿独成一院，是供后代皇帝、后妃来谒陵祭祖时更换衣服的场所，沿续明代拂座殿而建，殿内有净房，类似于现在的洗手间，内有绣花墩马桶。而今为了方便游人，在净房的旁边建有一座水冲厕所。

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圣德神功碑楼是记述皇帝生平功德的主要建筑之一，俗称大碑楼，建成于1739年，花费白银十三万一千五百两。大碑楼占地5.54亩，高26.05米，四面辟门，为重檐九脊歇山顶，稳中有变，富丽典雅。它座落在方形广场的正中，四角各有一根高12米的华表相衬，使碑楼显得更加庄严、肃穆、雄伟、壮观。四根华表的柱身均用整块石料雕成，呈圆柱形，直径1.5米，周身浮雕着朵朵云团，一条巨龙于云朵间盘绕柱身扶摇而上，带有呼之欲出的动态感。华表也叫擎天柱，又称墓表。起源于远古时代，初为木质，为纳谏而设，又叫诽谤木。在陵墓神道上设华表，在西汉时期就很流行，是木质华表，石刻华表在东汉时盛行。华表装饰着象征皇权的云龙图纹，作为皇家建筑的特殊标志，衬托出主体建筑的高大，使其更加宏伟壮观。

碑楼内，矗立着两统巨大的石碑，每统碑重56.55吨，碑身阳面用满汉两种文字镌刻着雍正皇帝生前的丰功伟绩，大约五千字，这是一部给雍正歌功颂德的重要资料。

绕过碑楼，是一座七孔石拱桥，这是清西陵四十九座桥梁中最长的，长107米，宽21米。(栏板上是二十四节气望柱头，又称火焰望柱头。柱头上有二十四条阴刻线，代表二十四节气。因为有河才有桥，而河位于田野之中，大地与田野不可分，与二十四节气有一定的关系，耕种、浇灌都离不开二十四节气。)像这样巨大而完美的石桥在中国是不多见的。它对于建筑物的布局组合起着连接作用，使组合群的层次明显，过渡自然，紧凑而不松散，同时也显示出一种庄严肃穆的气氛。

走下七孔桥，可见在神路的两侧对称排列着的雕刻精美的石望柱、石狮、石象、石马、武将、文臣等五对石像生。

望柱为六角形石柱，柱身雕流云纹饰，底部为六角形的须弥座。在宋代以前，石望柱置于墓道的最前面，为主要建筑，因为明、清陵时石牌坊作为陵墓前主要建筑，所以石望柱退居次要位置，纯属装饰。

石像生是设置在陵墓前的由石人石兽组成的石雕群，来显示死者生前的地位，身份。泰陵原来并未安设石像生，乾隆登基后，认为陵寝不设石像生，与典制不符，想在此泰陵增设石像生，而臣工们(风水大师：高其悼、洪文澜)则坚持：“泰陵甬道，系随山川之形势盘旋修理，如设立石像生，不能依其丈尺，整齐安设，而甬路转旋之处，必有向背参差之所，则于风水地形，不宜安设”。所以泰陵不设石像生并非违备典制，而是与风水有关。乾隆建议将大红门，龙凤门向南展拓，于是臣工们尊旨赴现场审核了原有计划并向乾隆奏议：“大红门正在龙蟠虎踞之间，护北面随龙升这旺气，纳南面特朝环抱之水，前朝后拱，天心十道，时天造地设之门户，不便展拓向外，况石像生之设，古制未详，无大关典礼之处，似可毋庸添设”。一言九鼎的天子，面对臣工的据理力争，也无可奈何，于是在奏折上批道：“知道了”。此事不了了之。事隔几年，乾隆旧事重提，最终在1748年，大臣拗不过皇帝，在泰陵前安设了五对石像生，这样就失去了龙凤门横陈为底景的依托，而又失去了石像生拱卫迎候于门前，聚巧形而展示的效果。所以泰陵石像生在所有建筑中是一个败笔，但由于臣工们极端负责的态度与皇帝的据理力争，所以也未伤及大雅。

蜘蛛山是泰陵的案山，据刘敦祯先生讲，此山系人工所为，可这里原有一座小山，又往上放了一些施工中剩下的废料。那么案山在陵区究竟起什么作用呢?因风水讲，无朝案遮拦未免飘散生气，所以案山会使陵区生气发越。

通向宝顶的引导大道—神道在里突然拐弯，是因为中国古建筑讲：贵含蓄，忌直接。

后面的建筑不能直接尽收眼底，应该慢慢展开，所以当我们漫步于弯弯曲曲的神道上，就好像置身于意向深远的空间环境氛围之中。

龙凤门是一座雍容华贵的建筑，为庑殿顶火焰式石牌坊柱门，黄色琉璃瓦的看面墙，墙下有宽厚敦实的洁白色须弥座，构成丰富细致，色彩斑澜、华丽富贵的形体，整座龙凤门充满了动势。高低错落的轮廓线，挺拔的石柱上雕刻云板、云墩和蹲龙，横直如矢的大小额坊和顶部火焰宝珠，看面墙上云纹腾龙的花心和岔角牡丹花叶，墙顶蓝绿色三彩斗拱所撑托的金色琉璃庑殿顶等等，都给人以丰富多彩，引人入胜的感受。龙凤门的近形风姿与远视气魄巧妙溶汇，相登相生，出神入化，给人以丰富的视觉艺术感受，不愧是古代哲匠的精心杰作。

三孔桥虽没有七孔桥那么宏大，但工匠师们都把它建造的小巧玲珑，优美动人，将两侧的栏板用优雅的券形曲线组合。站在三孔桥上驻足观看，陵寝宫殿群在紫色的永宁山衬托下，同时向东西两翼逶迤延展，把一种统一性的内涵，一种非同凡响的稳重、宁静、庄严肃穆的气氛，充分体现出来。

三路九孔桥并肩横跨于最后一座马槽沟上，除自然形成的三条河以外，后两道是人工开凿而成，山陵环境质量的完善非常注重对水的处理。水对于大地来说为血脉，能够造就大自然的钟灵毓秀，使生气发越;水还可以界分空间，形成丰富的空间层次及谐和的环境组合，而且山水相得如方圆中之规矩，山水相济如堂室之门户。因此陵区所有随桥泊岸，酌量地势修理，不使浸湿地宫;修筑堤坎，而且也使水流弯环，免其激射有声，破坏宁静的山陵气氛。所以马槽沟弯如飘带，柔如轻纱，造成“来宜曲水向我，去宜盘旋顾恋”的水势。充分体现出水对帝穴的留恋之情。所以陵区一山一水皆有义，一草一木总关情。

神厨库是座东朝西的小院，内建神厨。神库和省牲亭等建筑，是祭祀时制作和存放各种肉食品的地方。

神道碑亭又称小碑楼，内矗立皇帝谥号碑，重檐歇山，黄色琉璃瓦覆顶，四角翘飞，形式与大碑楼相仿，但规模缩减了二分之一左右。内竖一统石碑，用满、汉、蒙三种文字刻写着雍正皇帝谥号。

东、西朝房是为祭祀准备奶茶和瓜果的地方，又叫茶膳房，是根据关外奶房，果房的遗制而制造的。

东、西班房均为布瓦卷棚顶，为值班房，也叫守护房。清代皇帝继位之后，便大兴土木，耗费大量的人力、物力、财力为之修陵筑墓。因而皇陵的保护便成为重要任务，这一任务由深受皇帝信任的八旗兵来担负。他们采用换班的方法沿着陵院外的更道昼夜巡逻。如阴雨天气可在值班房内躲避休息。

隆恩门是进入宫殿区的门户，是整个陵寝组合群引导建筑的结束与主体建筑的开始。两侧是宽厚高大的朱红围墙，把宫殿区的所有建筑包围起来，使其形成结构严谨的两层院落。

焚帛炉，又叫燎炉，是为皇帝祭祀时焚烧五色纸和金银锞的地方。炉高4米，单檐歇山顶，周身用黄琉璃瓦构件制成，炉基为须弥座。炉内四壁及上下均为铁板，下面是三个铁槽，顶部两角各有一出烟孔，底座下部两侧各有一扒灰口。整座建筑比例适中，色调合协，雍容华贵，精巧秀致。

东配殿是存放祝板和制帛的地方，同时又是临时存放神牌的地方。每当大修隆恩殿时，帝、后的神牌就移到这里安放，在维修期间如遇上祭祀，也在此进行。西配殿则是喇嘛念经的地方，每当帝、后忌辰大祭之日，由永福寺派十三名喇嘛到此念经，为死去的皇帝超度亡灵。

正面的隆恩殿是陵寝地面建筑中最重要的建筑，为祭祀的主要场所。整座建筑建在巨大的汉白玉基座上，面阔五间、进深三间，重檐歇山式建筑，黄色琉璃瓦盖顶，显得庄严肃穆。其建筑结构非常牢固，所有的木件全部采用卯榫对接形式，梁、柱、檀、椽结合不死板禁锢，有灵活移动的余地，具有很强的防震功能。在发生强烈地震时，榫卯之间具有活动性能，将外部力量缓冲分解，震后仍可恢复原位。因此雍正八年以来的多次地震和一九七六年的唐山大地震，都没使清西陵的大木结构受到显著破坏，充分显示了中国古代工匠高超的建筑水平。

三座门也叫琉璃花门，中门比较高大，两侧墙上有琉璃岔角花和中心花，檐端用琉璃斗拱装饰。这种门占地面积较小，看上去显得较厚重，图案丰富，雍容华贵，具有很好的艺术效果。而且材料非常坚硬，耐高湿，有一劳永逸之功效。两侧分别接卡墙。阻隔南北，使宫殿区形成两层院落。清代建筑学家，不仅注重陵区单体建筑的形象与外观，而且更注重了它们之间的关系，组群布局发展到了登峰造极的地步，这种组群布局的实现依靠门户和墙体，将各单体建筑有效地组合分割，形成一个个院落，并将院落形成复杂的整体给人“庭院深深深几许”的意境。

二柱门横跨神道，石柱上架额坊，建筑形式为斗拱夹山顶。作为方城明楼的屏障。清朝前五代皇帝陵寝都在三座门以后建二柱门，自道光以后则裁撤，因为建筑中缩短了三座门与方城明楼之间的距离。

石五供是一组象征永久性祭祀的供品。基座是由三块巨石雕成的须弥座，这是我国传统建筑的台基样式，上面刻有八仙、八宝、八卦、琴棋书画等图案，所有这些都象征着吉祥如意，对研究中国古代的雕刻艺术有很好的参考价值。明楼属于纪念性的建筑物，高高地耸立在方城之上，使人置身于仰崇桥山的氛围之中，它与朱红色的墙体、金黄色的瓦顶与湛蓝的天空构成了一幅绚丽的画卷。

当我们踏上明楼在向南方远眺时，心中升起一种无比自豪的感觉。正前方五里之外的东西华盖山，九龙九凤山形成的自然门户，郁郁葱葱的古松树弥漫于30里内外，座座殿宇、桥梁、门房、树木山川疏密相间，错落有致，气势北京的故宫、颐和园、承德的避暑山庄，明十三陵大有过之无不及。清陵在中国建筑史上留下了辉煌的一页，是中华民族的骄傲，是世界人民的骄傲，所以英国著名科学家里约瑟说：“皇陵在中国建筑制式上是一重大成就，它整个图案的内容也许就是整个建筑部分与风景艺术相结合的最伟大的例子”。雍正在选定易州境内天平峪时，说这里是：“乾坤聚秀之区，阴阳合会之所，龙穴砂石，无美不收，形势理气，诸吉咸备”的风水宝地。而历经180年，十四座陵寝完工以后，自然景观又加之人文景观，就形成了：“山自太行来，巍峨耸拔，脉秀力丰，峻岭崇岗，远拱于外，灵岩翠岫，环卫其间，迄下山岗无数，如手之有指，每两岗之平坦开拓处诸陵在焉，花之瓣，笋之箨，层层包护”，的人间胜境，是“龙蟠风翥，源远流长，左右回环，前后拱卫，实如金城玉笋的秀美风光”。

朋友们，到次为止，西陵的参观就告一段落，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

昌 陵

昌陵位于泰陵西侧1公里处，葬有嘉庆皇帝和孝淑睿皇后，自1796年开始修建到1803年峻工，距今已有190多年的历史。

昌陵是东、西陵中较有特色的一座，是研究清代陵寝制度不可多得的实物见证。在清代所有陵寝中昌陵是唯一一处由太上皇选定的陵址。1796年，乾隆在当满了60年皇帝之后，履行自己继位之初的诺言，让位于嘉庆，自己当上了名副其实的太上皇，并根据自己曾有谕旨：“嗣后吉地，各依昭穆次序;在东、西陵界内分建”。把自己在泰陵西侧1公里处选定的陵址赐给了儿子嘉庆。这对嘉庆来说是一种莫大的殊荣，同时也体现出太上皇的威严。

嘉庆皇帝是清朝入关后第五代皇帝，为乾隆的第十五子，37岁继承皇帝位，但仍由乾隆皇帝训政。嘉庆四年，太上皇驾崩，此时40岁的嘉庆才有了实权，而大清帝国也已从鼎盛的巅峰跌落下来，开始走下坡路。当时清王朝已危机四伏，内创累累。嘉庆皇帝在这种情况下，能够励精图治，革除弊政，全力维持祖宗留下的基业。但却墨守成规，遵循守旧，所以一生中没有什么特殊的政绩，昌陵正是在这样的背景下建造起来的。

尽管如此，昌陵的建筑规模与规制仍能与泰陵相媲美，除没有石牌坊、大红门、具服殿和七孔桥外，其它建筑的种类与式样均等同。而宝顶比泰陵宝顶还要高出数尺，圣德神功碑楼与隆恩殿也比泰陵的更为壮观。

昌陵隆恩殿的地面更独具特色，全部采用珍贵的紫花石铺墁。紫花石，产于河南，每块62厘米见方，呈正方形，磨光烫蜡，不滑不涩，缝细如线，平亮如砥，石面呈黄色，缀以天然形成的紫色花纹图案。其状如竹笋、似春蚕、若芙蓉、像绒球，千姿百态，在阳光照耀下，似满堂宝石，熠熠生辉，令人叹为观止，所以昌陵有“满堂宝石”之称。

隆恩殿内东暖阁的佛楼仍保持着当初的模样，其它各帝陵隆恩殿的佛楼，经过战争的毁坏，只剩下空间，唯独这座佛楼至今整体完好。佛楼分下、下两层，上层有木雕垂花，精湛优美，涂金闪亮;下层有木制边饰，朱红底色，鲜丽耀眼。按清代建陵规制，东暖阁均为佛楼，佛龛里供奉着金、银、玉、翠的佛像。

据现存的“雷氏图纸”中考证，昌陵地宫结构比泰陵还要宏大，雕刻也十分精美，为“四门九券”，且有佛像经文雕刻。与现已开放的清东陵境内乾隆的裕陵地宫规模装饰相近。而裕陵地宫为现已考证的清帝陵地宫中最为壮观、珍贵的一座，既是一座不可多得的石雕艺术宝库，又是一座庄严肃穆的地下佛堂。同样昌陵地宫也具有诱人的魅力，券顶外的宝顶封土内也有石雕，其结构造型与陵寝宫殿的瓦脊、勾滴等相同，先按地面建筑的要求营造好地宫，然后再覆土掩埋。形成清代皇帝陵寝地宫结构中独具特色的风格。

慕 陵

慕陵位于陵区的最西端，始建于一八三一年，完工于一八三五年，内葬道光皇帝及孝穆、孝全、孝慎三个皇后。慕陵建筑面积虽没有泰陵那样广阔，建筑也不如泰陵那样宏伟，布局更不如泰陵那样完善，但它那别出新裁的设计以及独特的建筑手法，却成为清代帝王陵寝中绝无仅有的艺术珍品。

按照乾隆开创的父、子分葬，选定东、西的“兆葬之制”，道光皇帝应该在清东陵境内选选址建陵，所以道光于1821年即位后，花费了七年的时间在东陵的宝华峪营建了陵墓，但后因施工质量问题，造成地宫浸水。于是道光皇帝便下令拆掉原陵，又于1831年来西陵祭祖之际亲自选定了一块高平之地—龙泉峪作为自己的万年吉地，第二次营建了陵墓。

这次建陵，道光皇帝一改其它帝陵的建筑特点，裁撤了石像生、圣德神功碑楼、方城明楼等项建筑，而且主体建筑的三大殿全部采用昂贵的金丝楠木制作，不施彩绘，保持了木本色。外面烫蜡。虽看起来不是那么富丽堂皇，但却赋予人们古朴，典雅的感觉。最令人惊叹的是在三座殿的门窗膈扇、梁柱、雀替、天花、藻井上布满了形态各异的木雕龙，尤其天花板上都以高浮雕的手法制成向下府视的龙头，有的地方还采用高出平面半尺有余的透雕手法。走进殿内，举目上望，但见龙头济口，张口鼓腮，栩栩如生。整个雕刻构思严谨，线条流畅，刀法娴熟，制作精巧，形象生动，充满着详和气氛，成为稀世珍品。使人仿佛来到了一座雕龙博物馆，难怪有人说：“慕陵是座雕刻艺术的殿堂”。

隆恩殿后面的三座门由一架天然汉白玉石牌坊代替，牌坊正中刻有“慕陵”二字，背面刻有道光皇帝亲笔诛谕：“敬瞻东北，永慕无穷，云山密尔。呜呼!其慕与慕也”。依清朝规制，帝、后陵名一般由后继皇帝钦定，但是慕陵名称却是道光皇帝生前亲自默定。道光十五年，他来西陵谒陵，顺便阅视了正在修建的陵寝工程，并赴隆恩殿至孝穆、孝慎梓宫前奠酒，而后立于月台上，仰望东北方感慨地写下了这道诛谕。道光驾崩后，咸丰即位，重读诛谕，见“其慕与慕也”一句，便心领神会，于是立刻命雕工把“慕陵”二字雕于牌坊之上。

无论从规划布局，还是建筑风格方面，慕陵处处体它的独到之处，成为清朝入关后皇帝陵寝建筑中的珍品。

崇 陵

崇陵是中国封建皇帝最后一座陵墓，始建于1909年，完工于1915年，内葬光绪皇帝和孝定景皇后。

崇陵工程是在光绪皇帝死后第二年才开始修建的，这与清朝建陵典制完全不符，大清皇帝在承袭了明代陵墓制度的同时，又不断完善陵寝制度，不仅活着的时候讲究安逸奢侈，而且死后在建筑陵寝上也要表示出至高无尚的尊贵地位。所以生前就选好陵址，并建好陵墓。

据考证，崇陵陵址是在光绪十三年(1887年)选定并定陵名，但由于当时的清王朝国库空虚，外债累累，加之光绪和慈禧之间形成了尖锐的矛盾和斗争，陵寝的营建就不可能了。直到1909年，光绪死后第二年，崇陵工程才开始动工修建，其间又值1911年辛亥革命爆发，工程被迫停止。1912年，末代皇帝溥仪向民国宣布退位时，向民国政府提出了八项优待皇室条件，其中第五条要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修。其奉安典礼仍如旧制，所有实用经费均由中华民国支付”。1913年春，民国政府根据这一条件，经协商之后立即拨款，并于1915年全部完工。

崇陵在建筑规模上比其它帝陵均小，没有大碑楼、石像生、二柱门等项建筑，但基本上沿袭了明、清两朝的陵寝制度，并集清代各陵的建筑经验于一体，采用先进的建筑技术，用料考究，主要建筑的三大殿全部采用质地坚硬的铜藻、铁藻木料构成，素有“铜梁铁柱”之称。隆恩殿内的四根明柱采用沥粉贴金盘龙装饰，为皇帝陵中的独到之处。檐下增设了通风孔，可使殿内空气流通，以防木料腐朽。就其建筑群体而论，设有较完备的排水系统，宫殿四角设有散水坡，便于雨水的排放。明楼与三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有十四个漏水眼与之相通，为地宫排水之用。

崇陵虽建于清末民初，但建筑规制仍宏伟壮观。在众多的建筑物中，地宫工程最为浩大，崇陵地宫如同其它帝陵的地宫一样，为拱券式石结构建筑，共有四门九券。墓道全长63.19米，面积349.95米，空间2170.65立方米。四道石门是地宫的重要组成部分，每扇石门上浮雕菩萨立像一尊，佛像大小与真人差不多，各个头戴佛冠，身披伽裟，足蹬莲花座，手持法器，分别代表力量、智慧、愿望、富贵等。过了四道门便是地宫九券中最大的一个券—金券，这里是地宫的主体建筑，高大宽敝，内有宝床，上面安放着皇帝、皇后的梓宫。

1938年，一伙不明身份的军人盗掘了崇陵地宫，1980年由政府将其清理并对外开放。虽然崇陵地宫没有乾隆的裕陵地宫那样规模宏大，雕刻精美，但它却成为研究晚清皇帝陵寝地宫规制的实物见证。

昌西陵

在清西陵境内共有三座皇后陵，分别为泰东陵、昌西陵和慕东陵，其中泰东陵，无论从规模、规制上都是清代后陵中的姣姣者，而昌西陵在这些方面却无法与之媲美，但它却形成了自己独到的建筑风格。在中国古建筑中只有两处回音壁，一处是天坛，而另一处以是昌西陵。

昌西陵始建于1851年，完工于1853年，内葬嘉庆的孝和睿皇后，清朝从康熙初期开始，皇后薨于皇帝之后，便另选陵址，不再合葬帝陵地宫，而且陵寝不再另立陵名，而按皇帝陵寝所处方位而定，因其陵寝在昌陵西侧，所以定陵名为昌西陵。

与其它皇后陵寝比起来，昌西陵的规制大为缩减。主要裁撤了方城明楼，缩减了隆恩殿和配殿的规制，隆恩殿由重檐歇山顶，面阔五间，改为单檐歇山，面阔五间，并裁撤了大殿及月台周围的石栏杆，不设丹陛石，配殿由五间改为三间。隆恩门也由五间改为三间，陵寝门的两个角门由带门楼改为随墙门，与妃园寝的园寝门一样。

尽管昌西陵规制大为缩减，较前代皇后陵大为逊色，但也有其独特和值得称道的地方。

昌西陵有回音壁。和其它陵寝一样，昌西陵后围墙也是弧形墙在陵寝建筑中叫罗圈墙，就可听到很大的回声，其形式和原理与北京天坛的回音壁一样，因此人们把昌西陵的罗圈墙也称作回音壁。

除回音壁以外，这里还有一块回音石，那就是宝顶前面倒数第七块条石。站在这块石头上讲话，就能听到比原声大十倍或数十倍的回声，所以人们称它为回音石，这种奇特的回音壁和回音石现象的出现，是声学原理和古代建筑形式的巧合。声波的波长肯定小于围墙半径，声波以束状沿墙连续反射前进，使声音像打电话般清晰地传到对方耳中。

正是由于昌西陵的独到的建筑风格，使它对游人产生了无可替代的魅力，同时也对研究古代建筑提供了不可多得的实物例证。

不难看出，清西陵是一部清朝历史的写照，体现了中国历代帝王陵寝的最高水准，更是一部精美的艺术杰作，座座陵寝都反映出清朝的历史文化，建筑文化，生态文化和风水文化。成为自然环境与陵寝建筑相结合的最伟大的例子。

朋友们，我们今天的旅游到此结束了，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

The Hawaiian Islands are formed by volcanic eruption, including 8 largeislands and 124 small islands, stretching for 2450 km, forming a crescent islandchain. Hawaii is the largest island with two active volcanoes. The climate ismild and pleasant all year round, the precipitation is greatly affected by theterrain, and there is a great difference between different places, with theforest coverage rate of nearly 50%. The state is made up of 19 major islands andcoral reefs in the central Pacific Ocean.

Hawaiis main industries include tourism, defense industry and agriculture.Pearl Harbor on the south coast of Oahu Island is the largest military port ofthe United States in the Pacific Ocean; Honolulu, the capital of the state, isthe industrial and commercial center of xiazhou.

Agriculture is the pillar of the local economy, producing sugarcane,pineapple, coffee, bananas, etc. Hawaii is good for sugarcane. Sugarcane isplanted on the land of islands 2-3, producing about 1 million tons of crudesugar every year. Equivalent to 10% of the total sugar consumption in the UnitedStates every year, it is called the sugar island of the United States. Foodprocessing industry is the main industry, and a small number of oil refining,chemical industry, cement, etc. Grain and major industrial products aredependent on imports. Due to the pleasant climate and beautiful scenery, thetourism industry is very developed, with an average annual tourist volume ofmore than 7 million people. Oahu Island is a tourism concentrated area.

According to the calculation of Bank of Hawaii, the ripple effect oftourists tourism expenditure in Hawaii is 2, that is, every dollar spent bytourists will increase the local total output value by 2 dollars. Tourismrevenue accounts for 60% of the GDP, making the economic growth rate of Hawaiialways higher than the average growth level of the U.S. economy.

As tourism plays an important role in the economy of Hawaii, the governmentof Hawaii attaches great importance to the protection of the environment, theprotection of tourism resources, and the development of "clean" industries, suchas marine science, aquaculture, tropical agriculture, financial services, andbusiness centers, so as to promote the development of tourism and promoteeconomic development in the near future.

Hello, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Mt. Emei, a tourist attraction. Thefamous Jinding of Mt. Emei has four wonders: sunrise, sea of clouds, Buddhaslight and holy light.

Sunrise at five or six oclock in the morning, standing on the cliff (cliffcliff, cliff below is the abyss, if people fall will fall to pieces.) Looking tothe East, I saw a vein of gold inlaid on the horizon. The gray clouds floatedslowly, and Phnom Penh reflected the thick burning clouds around. Slowly, thegray clouds split a crack, and there was an orange light in the crack. The crackbecame bigger and bigger, and the color gradually changed to orange with thesurrounding clouds. A moment later, the red sun showed a little arc of PhnomPenh, and the arc became bigger and bigger, and the clouds also made way for it.When the orange sun rose slowly, the red sun showed a little arc of Phnom PenhMost of the head, the speed suddenly increased, like a full gas ball, in amoment, jump out of the horizon, firmly embedded in the horizon, suddenly shine,peoples faces were coated with a layer of wine blush, Jinding also put on agold colored clothes. At this time, you will forget the chilly morning fog onthe top of the mountain, and keep jumping and cheering for a long time.

"Holy light" is really a clear night. In the forest of sacrificing oneselfto rock, suddenly there are two stars, one thousand and ten thousand, floatingand surging, high and low, as if the stars of the Milky way are falling into thevalley, "sometimes dancing, stars, sometimes gathering, net and net, dazzlingand exciting." This kind of phenomenon, since ancient times, is called "tenthousand bright lights to the sages." The phenomenon of "holy light" is verypeculiar. Some people say its caused by phosphorous fire, some say its causedby fireflies, and some say its caused by the light emitted when the humiditycontent in the air is more than half percent. The concept of "holy light" has along history, and the ancients left behind many chants. You can find them.

"Sea of clouds" and "light of Buddha", if you are on the scene, it is alsofun and beautiful. The unique beauty of Mt. Emei cant be seen all the time.Its waiting for you to visit. You are always welcome to Mt. Emei.