苏州概况英文导游词热门20篇

In the temple is located inside the righteous county, liaoning province,was built in the liao kaitai nine years (1020 AD) because there are seven Buddhainside plastic, commonly known as jinzhou.would again.

Served by the gate of the temple, memorial arch, the temple, the clockpavalion, pavilion, male temple, west temple palaces and other ancientbuildings, covers an area of 30000 square meters, is a grand, relatively intactancient temples. Big male temple is located in the northern tip of central axis,and face width between 9 and 55 meters long, deep 5, 33 meters wide, total 24meters, building area of 1800 square meters. It is not only the domestic liaodynasty remains one of the biggest wooden building, because of its big maletemple area is the largest scale, and a Chinese temple first Ursa major.

In the temple for male portraits of Buddha temple altar model has a set ofcolor, "over the past seven Buddha , tied together, the Buddhism is unique. TheBuddha tall, stately, and handsome, since one thousand, is still well preserved,the Buddhism has a special influence and popularity at home and abroad. Insidethe hall singer; thousandrous hooves across 14 honour threat shi bodhisattvalifelike; liao dynasty painting on the frame, flying; murals in the gable; stoneBuddha altar for machine, as same as the Buddha of ancient art treasures.Archaeological experts, artists as are the ultimate in art treasures, isbreathtaking. Due to the big male buildings of the temple and the temple remainsare extremely precious historical, scientific and artistic value, in the templeof the national treasures as early as 1961, was first published by the statecouncil as one of national key cultural relics protection units. After fiveyears of restoration began in 1984 and expansion, in the temple has become abeautiful environment, tourism service project is complete, the famous Chineseand foreign buddhist resort. Has been rated as" national famous scenic spotthree hundred ", "liaoning province five top ten scene", "top ten scene" ofjinzhou.

到漠河是傍晚，落日的余辉占据着这个边陲小城的建筑与人流，使人看上去有种静谥的感觉。忙碌了一天的人们紧蹬着自行车，行色匆匆。街道两旁新栽下的桦树还没有长成材，有几处过火林木还完整保存着，为的是让人们不要忘记那段难忘的经历。

小城漠河是在1987年那场特大森林火灾中毁于一旦的，那时我每晚守着电视看新闻联播。那时的漠河是神秘的。后来，一位曾参加过那次灭火的朋友告诉我：有位级别很高的矿长路过有火情的林区，吉普车被指挥部就地征用，矿长和秘书也被编入扑火队伍。事后才知道该矿长是“三八式”的老干部，还是省人大代表，但他一点怨言也没有，他理解“救火如救命”的林区规矩。还有一次，朋友所在的灭火部队迷路了，偏离了大部队几百里路远。这时来了一架军用直升飞机，人们手拉手排成一队“一”字型，飞机就设法指路。如果是需要救援物资，可以手拉手围成一个“0”型，飞机就会空投干粮、水壶、军大衣和简易帐蓬，以解燃眉之急。后来知道，那次的大火，把漠河烧得只剩下一片瓦砾。

此刻，我站在宽阔平坦的停车场，蓦地感觉要对这座新兴小城重新评估一番，至少它和我想象中的漠河完全两样。透过街道两旁高大林立的建筑，让人感到这座小城愈来愈新潮了。走近市场，可以听到嘈嘈杂杂的叫卖声。店铺里、地摊上，商品琳琅满目，让人目不暇接，仿佛置身于商品的森林中。抑扬的吆喝声和商品本身的魅力，使得游客流连忘返。

在这里，你可以看到神色专注的老人在路旁下棋，全然不顾身边的繁荣景象。窈然清纯的姑娘和潇洒文雅的小伙双双对对在你眼前闪过，大概急着去卡拉OK亮亮歌喉，展示一下青春风采……在这里，你已经看不出南北的差异。南方人吃的、玩的、用的这里都有，许是小城人抛弃了旧有观念，恍然间悟出了自身的价值，要让这方世界鲜活亮丽起来。

当地旅游局的老刘告诉我，漠河四季如画，反差鲜明。春天花开遍野，醉人心扉;夏至时节，晚霞与黎明同在，午夜如同白昼，户外可读书看报;秋天森林尽染，野果山珍遍地，美不胜收，食不胜食;冬天漫长更富有诗意，林海、江河、大地、人家，银装素裹，无限神奇。

Badaling Great Wall history called the world nine fill one, is the essence of the Great Wall, the Ming Great Wall, alone representation. Badaling Great Wall is the first of the Great Wall to tourist location, badaling scenic spot to the Great Wall at badaling is given priority to, build the badaling hotel, the week theaters and title of Chinas Great Wall museum by President jiang zemin and other full-featured modern tourist service facilities. Badaling scenic spot to its magnificent landscape, perfect facilities is famous in the world and the profound connotation of culture and history.

Badaling geographical environment is superior, since the ancient times is the gateway to shanxi, Inner Mongolia, zhangjiakou traffic arteries. Open to traffic in 98, the badaling expressway, the traffic is very convenient. And the annual mean temperature in badaling more than 3 ℃, lower than the Beijing become the leader of "shall" yanqing tourist.

Badaling Great Wall in yanqing county of Beijing. One is the Great Walls pass. Its GuanCheng is narrow east west wide trapezoid, built during Ming hongzhi 18 years (in 1505), chopped jiajing and wanli period used. Something second east GuanCheng MenE topic "house agent outside the town," carved in the eighteenth year of jiajing (1539); Simon frontal topic "north gate lock-and-key", engraved Yu Wanli ten years (1582). Both doors to the masonry structure, coupons hole as a platform, on the north and south of Chinese Taiwan have their own channels, connection GuanCheng walls, and the stage build by laying bricks or stones around the crenel. Beijing chang road through from the gate, for the throat to Beijing. From the left and right sides of the "north gate lock-and-key" gate tower, the ups and downs, twists and turns of the Great Wall. The Great Wall is 6700 km, is one of the greatness of ancient buildings in the world.

North 8 building is badaling Great Walls highest building, up to 888.9 meters, the building also has distinguishing feature very much. Originally can also be mounted watchtowers view mountain at the scene, but the sealing stair-door to protect cultural relics.

From GuanCheng ChengTai south peak to peak south 4th floor, the walls 685.8 meters long, 142.4 meters height, especially between 3 floor to 4th floor, south south, ridge, narrow, steep the Great Wall it lists more than 400 meters. City top ZuiXian, slope of about 70 degrees, is almost straight on straight down. 1 / f, south and south 2nd floor, all have no repair on the second floor, from the south 3rd floor pillar remaining development, originally also has a room.

South peak highest, 4 / f, south of the Great Wall is 803.6 meters above sea level. Floor overlooking, the Great Wall from southwest to northeast winds on the ridge, like a black dragon, grand magnificent. Make people couldnt help think of the Great Wall of Chinas famous expert Mr Luo xus poems when board the badaling Great Wall; Feng, green jade the commonplace and mountain north shannan peak everywhere. Lock-and-key northward for risk, and a half long zai majestic mountains. From the south to south 7, 4 / f floor, highly gradually decline. South and south between the 6th floor 5 floor on the Great Wall on the ridge of the medial wall from 30 meters, a small white stood on a pavilion, which is in June 1987 completion of memorial pavilion ", "guizhou province repair the Great Wall. South 6th floor shop is a room, the shop is constructed on the top of the upper, the width between the three, the top of the mountain, red pillars, grey tile, small and exquisite. This is probably the "thousand total" command post.

As the saying goes, "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall", climb the Great Wall have the constancy, and never quit the perseverance and determination, cant give up halfway! We can watch while climbing. Ill introduce the Great Wall for everybody: the Great Wall is composed of GuanCheng, beacon tower pier of watchtowers, smoke, and the barbican, wall, wall, the crenel, perforation, hole, etc. Beacon tower pier and smoke is used to transfer the situation of the enemy. In smoke on the pier burning smoke during the day, how much smoke the heap represents the number of enemy soldiers. Night cant see the smoke, a fire on the beacon tower. This way of passing information at that time is the most rapid and most effective, the beacon tower has played a very big effect.

At this moment, I saw a kid to climb on the wall. I put him down for everyone, said: "please note that cant climb on the wall, it is very dangerous. Outside the wall is dangerous mountain, its no fun to fall down!" Here, Ill tell you something about a story about the Great Wall: once upon a time, a man named meng jiangnu, she went to send clothes for repairing the husband of the Great Wall. She reached the Great Wall, but didnt find her husband. She hurriedly ask others, others say that he had been buried in the Great Wall. Her sad cry, cry for many years, finally, her tears fell the Great Wall, finally saw her husband.

The Great Wall is very beautiful, very spectacular, winding, welcome you to touring!

The alley ways of Beijing a dime a dozen, had eight hutongs world-famous. Because in those days, there was a tobacco LiuHang pronoun. "Eight hutongs" at the top of west pearl street, north of cycas, south of diagonal. "Eight" is refers to, the area at least 15 hutongs of old Beijing "red light district". Recognized as one of the eight hutongs are: best suitable hutong, rouge hutong, Han Gutan (now known as Koreas hutong), shanxi lane, stone hutong, Wang Guangfu diagonal (now known as palm diagonal), zhujiajian hutong, lee shamao hutong (now known as hutong, small hutong) energetically. In the alley outside of the eight lanes, also there are nearly hundred size brothels. Just then, the eight hutongs brothels are second-class, more prostitutes "class" is more high, so it is so famous. Eight hutongs in the past hundred along the hutongs, rouge hutong, Han Gutan, shaanxi lane, focus on the first class brothel; Stone hutong with numerous "teahouse", second class brothel; Wang Guangfu byway, zhujiajian hutong, lee shamao hutong, many scattered third-class brothels.

Yi yuan, such as the golden flower to live in is now a shanxi lane hotel; Small class of cloud, impatiens lived is now a painting; CAI and small impatiens double habitat of cherry byway 11 building, now a long palace hotel...

Eight hutongs, not "red light district" at the beginning, but besides the location of the troupe. The qing dynasty, a policy of "flag of the people points city", the eight banners lived in the inner city of Beijing, han people moved to the front door. Eight hutongs are initially offer vocational school choice in residence, hotels are the properties of the outdoor playhouses concentrated in dashilan, actors have been selected in the dashilan, xinhua street, east to the south of the eight hutongs. "When HuiBan besides just staying at the eight hutongs Han Gutan, best suitable hutong area, then four xi, the stage of spring up one after another in Beijing troupe, best suitable at eight hutongs hutongs, shanxi lane and li3 tie3 turn byway. So the old Beijing has a saying: the way to the tiger to mountain, singing opera from the shun, Han Gutan. Visible eight hutongs and drama activities.

"" xianggong" is developed by drama activity. The characteristics of the qing dynasty is very special, the forbidden SuChang and brothel origin, liyuan pederasty daxing, find " xianggong " became the vogue of the upper class, slowly developed into a same-sex love relationship to each other." "Xianggong", "is the male prostitutes, the ancient called" rabbit ", "small singing", or "little sexual abuse", there are also called "small hands", later said, "like the gu", that is like a girls meaning, then a homonym for "" xianggong". "some even have" first lady "in the title.

In the late qing and early republic, brothels are mainly concentrated in the front door avenue, because here are near the inner city, officials out of the city, and enjoy more convenient; Second, there is the railway station, distributes the passengers; Three is the front door avenue is a famous business street, quite busy; Four is in this area is the concentrated outdoor playhouses, teahouse, restaurant, eat, drink, and be merry, form an organic whole.

, according to a statistics of the 30 s "eight big hutong" was registered on the business of the brothel amounted to 117, prostitutes, more than 750 people, this is just a formal "quotation", not "prostitutes" and "were observed.

Old Beijing prostitutes are divided into "the class" and "north" class two kinds, in general, "south class" prostitute is mainly women in jiangnan area, some high level, not only the color, and talented. The prostitute accompany many dignitaries, such as the national capital famous prostitute "golden flower, small impatiens, etc. "The class" prostitute is given priority to with Yellow River north of woman, looks good, but some poor literacy. "Eight hutongs" prostitutes in the majority with "south" class, so much for one, second-class brothels. And in other parts of the brothel, most is the "north". At that time, many high rank and doing business in the capital city is from the south, as a result, "the eight hutongs" as the border of the dignitaries frequented.

辛亥革命爆发，沈寿的女工绣工科解散，余沈夫妇去天津创办自立绣工传习所，1914年，应张骞之邀，沈寿去南通任女工传习所所长，为南通培养绣女150多人。第二年2月，美国为纪念巴拿马运河通航，在旧金山举行博览会，沈寿的《世界救世主耶酥像》获博览会一等奖，声名远播，被誉为“绣圣”。

1917年10月沈寿患病。卧病期间，沈寿口述自己一生绣技的经验理论要点，由张骞手记整理成《雪宦绣谱》，开中国工艺专书之先河。在此期间，沈寿还抱病绣成了她一生中最后一幅作品《女优倍克像》。1921年6月8日(农历五月初三)，沈寿病逝，终年47岁，葬南通黄泯山。

作为一代刺绣皇后，沈寿为我国培养了大量的刺绣艺术人才，为苏绣在国际上赢得了巨大荣誉。这就是沈寿的大弟子金静芬，解放后苏州刺绣研究所第一任所长，第三届全国人大代表。这位是沈寿的侄女沈粹缜，也就是邹韬奋的夫人，这是他们的全家福，中间就是邹家华。沈寿是苏绣的骄傲，也是木渎的骄傲。

各位游客，现在我们来到了西园，这里原来是明代东林党人五心一的别墅，建成于崇祯四年，即1631年。当时，五心一因弹劾宦官魏忠贤，被削籍遣归。先在苏州建造田园居，也就是现在拙政园的东园部分，仍嫌城中烦嚣，便在木渎香溪之滨建秀野园，时常邀上三五同志，在园中游观酬唱，排遣情怀。不久，五心一重被朝廷起用，先后做过太仆卿(相当于现在的中宣部副部长)、应天府甲(相当于现在的北京市市长)、少司寇(相当于现在的司法部副部长)。

大家都知道，我们木渎不但是江南唯一的园林古镇，而且是乾隆六次到过的地方。因此，在修复虹饮山房过程中，我们走遍大江南北，遍搜民间有关清代皇牍文化的珍藏之物，现在，就请大家随我去欣赏一下这些镇园之宝，稀世珍品。

我们首先来到的是圣旨馆，这里陈列着清代十位皇帝即顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪、宣统的二十道圣旨。平时，大家在古典戏剧和影视片中经常能看到这样的场面，一位皇宫太监手捧黄绫在宣读圣旨：“奉天承运，皇帝诏曰------”，其实，这些都是演出的道具，真正见过皇帝诏书和圣旨的人却寥寥无几。

You all know the Bund in Shanghai! It can be seen that it is one of themost prosperous places in our country, but the former captivity also made herhave a miserable history: in 1845, Britain designated her as its concession, andin 1849, France also occupied the Bund. But how beautiful and prosperous she isin front of the world today!

Last summer vacation, my mother and I came to this loess land known as the"World Architecture Expo". As soon as I arrived at my destination, the waves ofthe Huangpu River attracted my eyes. The green algae glided in the water, itsgentle and slender waist.

As soon as we got out of the car, we came to the Asia building, theheadquarters of China Pacific Insurance Company. The lintel of the building isalso designed in broken pattern, which is beautiful and vivid. Further on, wecame to Dongfeng Hotel, once the most luxurious club in Shanghai - ShanghaiFederation. It has a bar of more than 110 feet, known as the longest bar in theFar East. We went on and came to a red house. After the guides explanation, Irealized that this was the famous steamship investment promotion company.Walking along the Huangpu river bank, the famous tower of Shanghai is a glance:the Peace Hotel, Pudong development building and the Oriental Pearl TV Toweropposite the Huangpu River, the world financial center.

At the end of Nanjing Road, there is a bronze statue. He stares at theflowers and grass. Who is he? He is general Chen Yi, the first mayor of Shanghaiin New China. Looking at the statue, I seem to see General Chen Yi inspectinghis work in the wind and rain. His simple image and amiable, open-mindeddemeanor once again deeply imprinted in my heart.

Its getting dark. We came to the hotel, ate in a hurry, and then we wentback to the Bund. At this time, the sky has become dark red, and the lights ofthousands of families have been turned on in the sky. We came to the "Bundcruise terminal" to take a boat sightseeing.

We came to the cruise ship, the ship slowly driving on the Huangpu River,the lights on the shore printed on the water, as if it had become a wide pair ofoil paintings, water, quiet, seemingly dark but bright. After getting off theship, we went straight to the tallest building in Shanghai, the world financialcenter.

We took the high-speed elevator in the world financial center. Its saidthat he has the highest speed of 10 meters per second! In less than 2 minutes,we came to the top 100 floor of the building, where the floor is transparent,walking on it is really a kind of "list of mountains and small" pleasure. Atfirst glance, there are colorful lights everywhere, cars are shuttling, and theHuangpu River is even more beautiful. The stars on the opposite side of theOriental Pearl TV Tower rain are linked into one piece, forming a beautifulscene of "sky and even Pujiang". I heard that Shanghais electricity bill willspend nearly 300 thousand yuan a day.

I looked at the charming lights motionless, only feel the heart clear aswater, I, intoxicated!

积389.34平方公里，人口19.14万，青岛市崂山区人民政府、青岛高新技术产业开发区管理委员会、青岛石老人国家旅游度假区和崂山风景区管理委员会，实行“四块牌子，一套工作机构的管理体制”。辖设中韩、沙子口、王哥庄、北宅4个街道办事处。

崂山区拥有青岛高新技术产业开发区、青岛石老人国家旅游度假区两个国家级政策开发区域和国务院确定的首批重点风景名胜区之一的崂山风景区。这里贯彻落实国家可持续发展战略和环境保护，增加环保投入，实施碧水工程、蓝天工程、绿色工程等系列环保工程，科技部确定为国家持续高效农业技术研究与示范区，这里成为了一个环境良好、资源合理利用、生态良性循环、城市优美洁净、居民健康长寿的理想之地。

崂山区以境内的崂山而命名，其山脉纵横，群峰峭立，古木参天，海山相映，有九宫八观七十二庵等名胜古迹，被誉为“海上名山第一”，崂山历史悠久，早在新石器时代就有人类在此居住。崂山冬暖夏凉、四季如春，引得古今名人逸士、名道高僧纷至沓来，故被称为“道教全真天下第二丛林”。一九八二年被国务院确定为首批国家重点风景名胜区。

崂山区海岸线绵延曲折，长达103.7平方公里，盛产对虾、海参、鲍鱼、扇贝、石花菜等海产品并形成了以裙带菜、中华鲟、淡水蟹、甲鱼等名特优品种为主的高效渔业。现拥有大型国家级群体性渔港1处，小型渔港12处。崂山物产资源丰富，其中崂山矿泉水，崂山花岗岩和崂山茶尤为著名。

In our country in the south China sea, a bright pearl. It is like a big magnet, attracting tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists. It is a beautiful zhuhai.

This summer vacation, mom and dad will take me to visit zhuhai, appreciate the beautiful natural scenery.

And so my father mother and I sit on the bus to zhuhai. Along the way, fast car, see the trees and flowers on both sides of the road ran back as fast as he could. For a while and come to huidong, then for shenzhen. Ahead in shenzhen, many skyscrapers. My mood is very happy, we talked and laughed in the car before you know it has been a few hours, at this time has been to the dongguan, we walked along the dongguan. Soon, humen bridge, wow, what a big ah, good length and the width of bridge, the bridge is one thousand meters, is really spectacular! Across the zhongshan we arrived in zhuhai.

Because the car sat for four hours, just get off the bus, I feel dizzy, my head but was soon my joy was washed away. I observed a look, ah! This is the zhuhai, is a much better than my hometown. Countless of tall buildings, trees and flowers.

After lunch, we began to the wharf, are you going by boat, to travel around the island. I hear people say, macau is a very beautiful place, I want to see the early, I wish fly past. Zhuhai this place air is fresh, green is good, not for a moment, my body and mind become very relaxed, very happy.

To the dock, I have a look, wow, the ship here so much! We sat on a big ship, chose a seat to sit on. "Rumbling" ship set out, in a short time to macau, we are here to overlook lisboa casino, Banks, such as observation tower. The tower is spectacular, but also particularly high, towering. Blowing cool and refreshing sea breeze, bask in the warmth of the sun, sailing in the sea, watching the beautiful scenery, I dont have to mention how happy heart. After a while, sailing. After we had finished dinner, and to explore New Yuanming Palace.

To the front round new garden, I cant help to say: "good big of a palace, I stand in front of the hall, father holding a camera, press the shutter, filmed.

The New Yuanming Palace roof is red and yellow, was built with glazed tiles and wall is deep red, whole garden looks magnificent.

We go in to see a lot of scenic spots, more minutes at 7 o clock in the evening, we watched the performance in front of the big stage, the topic is >, talked about the qing dynasty, the period of the new millennium, also a lot of dance, are: the eight banners encouraging, curved knife drum dance, dance, dance of the water... After the show, we went to the river to watch >, is about some opium traffickers to a peoples homes on the island, oppressed the people, know after the qing army, and went to war with them, the final victory. Thats too intense. After watching, we back to the hotel to rest and sleep.

The second day, we got up early, ate dinner, with great curiosity to the zhuhai fisher girl like, we got off the car, looking at fisher girl like, carved out of the fisher girl like, really big, it stands by the sea, it has made a few decades, the fisher girl like wearing skirts, hands up to hold together, dont know what to do, took a several before the fisher girl like a picture of me. We are on the car, ready to leave zhuhai.

We went on from zhuhai, zhongshan city, visit the sun yat-sens former residence and memorial hall, an hour later tour finished, returned home, happy end of travel.

The visiting zhuhai, leave me a deep and wonderful memories. Oh, unforgettable trip to zhuhai!

李鸿章故居，是晚清军政大臣李鸿章的家宅，位于安徽省合肥市繁华的步行街中段，是典型的晚清江淮地区民居建筑，占地面积20_平方米，是合肥市仅存的规模最大的名人故居，也是国家4a级旅游景点。1998年，安徽省人民政府公布为省重点文物保护单位。故居自开放以来，以自己独特的建筑风格和丰富的文化内涵吸引了大批游客，成为合肥市的“十大景点”之一和市民心中的首选景点。

李鸿章故居前厅布置了“李鸿章生平展”，用大量的珍贵图片与实物展示了李鸿章风云变幻的一生，即“少年科举，壮年戎马，中年封疆，晚年洋务”。中厅和小姐楼则采用复原陈列的形式展现了李家接待客人和家眷们的日常起居生活情况，充分表现了江淮地区的建筑风格。东面的“淮系集团与中国近代化的展览”，则是在丰富李鸿章生平展的基础上开放的，充分揭示了这个晚清历史上最具影响力和实力的集团——淮系集团在李鸿章的领导下，对近代军事、经济、文化以及国防方面所做出的突出贡献。

李鸿章的故居位于合肥市淮河路的中段，李家的祖先由江西迁来合肥的肥东，自李鸿章这一代起开始发迹。李鸿章兄弟六人，他排行第二，其余五人也身居高位，在当时非常地显赫。他们聚族而居，深宅大院可以覆盖淮河路中段的半条街，时称“李府半条街”。李鸿章死后，他家的住宅和享堂历经百年变迁，均遭到不同程度的损坏。

李鸿章故居李鸿章故居临街一进在五十年代分别被改建成淮河百货公司和其他商店，门面墙及内室作了适合营业性的改动。二至四进为皖北人民银行和安徽省人民银行使用数十年，由合肥市工商银行管理，当作宿舍。_中只因李鸿章故居已被改作它用，才得以幸存，使整体风貌维持了原状。但内部的一些珍贵用材、木雕等，被铲除变卖了。

李鸿章享堂和墓地在一九三八年五月是日本军队兵临合肥时遭到第一次毁坏，第二次是五十年代末的大跃进、大炼钢铁时被破坏，享堂周围一带扩进工厂，享堂内的木材被拆去炼了铁，部分房间改做了工厂的办公室、幼儿园和库房。而墓地则被削平，尸首未留。一九八五年李鸿章故居和享堂才被一同列为市级文物保护单位。但由于没钱修复一直处于自生自灭状态。一九九七年十月，李鸿章故居才按照有关专家的设计方案进行修复、补齐、复原。

1999年

9月27日，李鸿章家族住宅修复工程竣工典礼暨“李鸿章生平展”、“合肥出土文物展精品展”开馆仪式隆重举行。合肥市领导李培元、厉德才、张雪平等莅临，省文物局局长章家礼等亲往道贺。

10月14日，国家政协副主席李贵鲜视察了李鸿章家族住宅。视察中，他详细询问了住宅修复过程中的一些情况。

12月4日，原_副主席刘伯承夫人一行5人来到李鸿章故居参观。

20_年

景点美景3月，“九九全国十大陈列展览精品”评选活动在北京举行，作为安徽省唯一入选的李鸿章故居复原陈列暨“晚清军政重臣李鸿章”陈列获提名奖。

20_年

元旦期间，李鸿章故居推出了“李鸿章家族暨淮系集团”展览，此次展览无论是形式还是内容上都推陈出新，受到了观众的一致好评。

国庆节期间，李鸿章故居推出了“李府-包公祠免费直通车”活动，使广大游客在游完一个景点后很方便地赴另一景点参观，此举促进了旅游文化的流通，开创了安徽旅游界的一个先例。

20_年

9月2日，李鸿章故居东侧土地规划设计讨论会在李府召开，与会专家从不同的角度对合肥工业大学建筑与艺术学院等三家规划设计单位设计的三个建设规划方案进行了论证，同意对有关方案再进行修改设计后报请有关领导和规划部门作最后的确定。

9月14日，中国科学技术大学科技考古系师生40余人参观了李鸿章享堂，并就考古发掘、文物修复及保护工作同合肥市文物管理处的工作人员进行了座谈。

20_年

4月25日，原中共中央政治局，书记处书记，中纪委书记尉健行同志在省纪委主任杨多良，市长郭万清的陪同下参观李鸿章故居。

李鸿章故居5月28日，浙江省省委书记，省人大会主任，省委副书记，省长吕祖善，省政协主席李金明，省委副书记乔传秀率领浙江省党政代表团前来李鸿章故居参观，省委书记郭金龙，省长王金山，市委书记孙金龙前往陪同参观。

5月29日，在市旅游局有关工作人员的陪同下，澳门莲花卫视电视台工作组一行二人在李鸿章故居、李鸿章享堂拍摄反映中国民风、民俗的一组节目。

6月9日，省长王金山在市委书记孙金龙、市长郭万清等市相关领导的陪同下参观了李鸿章享堂。

12月31日，“淮系集团与中国近代化”史料陈列馆正式对外开放。

20_年

9月1日，李鸿章故居进京推介。

9月15日，新安大讲堂走进李鸿章故居。本期讲座邀请了《李鸿章全集》的执行编委，著名近代史专家刘申宁教授做客。

12月28日，李鸿章故居程红馆长获安徽旅游“十大巾帼总经理”称号。

后花园建筑的最大特点就是以双层长廊把亭台楼阁连成一个整体，置身双层曲廊之上，既可近揽古松翠色，又可这瞩灵岩山景，这样，古松园虽小，但于局面促之中，能领略山水之妙、自然之趣，不失为苏州私家花园的精巧之作。

沿着山塘老街，我们继续往前漫游，身边是静静流淌的香溪河，传说吴越春秋时，西施住在灵岩山馆娃宫里，每日用香料沐浴，这洗妆水流入山下河水中，满河生香，故得名香溪。沿着香溪漫步，我们就像闻到了二千五百年前吴宫花草的芳香。

现在我们来到的是木渎最大的私家园林——虹饮山房。

虹饮山房是清代乾隆年间苏州近郊著名园林，因为它门对香溪，背靠灵岩，其“溪山风月之美，池亭花木之胜”，远过于其它园林，所以乾隆皇帝每次下江南游木渎的时候，必到虹饮山房，在这里游园、看戏、品茶、吟诗，直到夜色降临，才依依不舍，顺着门前的山塘街道，前往灵岩山行宫。因此，虹饮山房在当地又被称为乾隆皇帝的“民间行宫”。

这就是御码头和御碑亭。乾隆十六年，也就是公元1751年的春天，乾隆首次南巡，御舟经运河，转胥江，折入香溪，在此舍舟登岸。

乾隆喜好游山玩水，舞文弄墨，所到之处，必赋诗题字。当他见到这条山塘街古道幽奇古绝，不由诗兴大发，当即口占七律一首。后来，这首七律被当地官员镌刻于碑，置于亭内，与对面的明代怡泉亭两相映照，成为古镇一大景观。

大概是乾隆“到此一游”之类的诗题得太多了，据说他在位的60年中，作诗达41800首，平均每天达2首，因此，后人对他的诗题和书法见仁见智多有褒贬。他自己也觉得题诗太多，说是“五集篇成四万奇，自赚点笔过多词”。但是，后人对乾隆的重臣，体红客大学士刘墉的书法却是推崇备至，称他“浓墨宰相”，为一代书家之冠。现在我们看到的虹饮山房的匾额，就是由刘墉亲笔题写。

Beidaihe - A Must for Birds Watchers

Set on the coast some 280 km east of Beijing, the seaside holiday resort of Beidaihe is famous not only as a tourist center and as a good place to recuperate after illness, but also as one of the best places in the world to see migratory birds.

Chinas Yanshan Mountain Range winds its way thousands of miles from the west to the eastern seaboard. It sends a number of waterways like the Henghe, Daihe, Yanghe and Luanhe rivers down to the Bohai Sea at Beidaihe. They create a vast area of wetlands, mud-banks, and lagoons with rich feeding and good places for birds to rest. Here migratory routes come together like great seasonal rivers of birds linking northeast Asia with south China, Indo-China, Australia and even far off east Africa.

Nature has richly endowed Beidaihe with bird species and of the 1,198 found in China, 416 have been recorded at Beidaihe. This is a part of the world that plays host to eighteen species of gulls, three of swans, and six of cranes.

Xu Weishu, vice director of the China Ornithological Society tells of the time when as many as 2,729 oriental white storks were recorded in Beidaihe, doubling the previous world record.

Look into the skies of Beidaihe in the first ten days of November every year and you will be sure to see flocks of red-crowned cranes and white cranes.

The year from May 1999 to May 20xx saw ten new bird species added to the list for Beidaihe.

Back in the 1940s Danish scientist, Axel Hemmingsen, published a report saying that he had seen large numbers of cranes at Beidaihe, but no one followed up on this at the time. Then in 1985 guided by Hemmingsens report, British ornithologist Doctor Martin Williams first came to Beidaihe. With the help of an official from the Beidaihe tourism authority, Dr Williams visited Shijiutuo Island in nearby Laoting County. What he discovered there was far beyond his expectations and he found many new kinds of birds. Since then, accompanied by his Chinese counterpart, Xu Weishu, he has brought many overseas professionals together in Beidaihe every year to enjoy watching the birds and carry out research.

Since the first two parties of Chinese bird enthusiasts visited Beidaihe in 1999, more and more domestic visitors have joined bird watching groups going there on vacation.

Beidaihe has enjoyed a good reputation since 1893. It was then that a British engineer helping build a railway line recognized that with its low hills, beaches and sea breezes, the headland was an ideal place to go to escape the summer heat of the interior. On his recommendation, the first holidaymakers arrived. Beidaihe, until then a poor fishing village, quickly became popular with diplomats, merchants, missionaries, and well off Chinese.

Meanwhile the birds are regular visitors here too. Flocks of gulls are easily spotted. What might not be so easy is to be able to distinguish among the bewildering variety in the skies over Beidaihe. Many different birds pass through here as the seasons come and go and every year still sees fresh species spotted. It is a magnificent sight to see the occasional flock of large cranes pass by or to watch the birds of prey, however the larger birds have been decreasing in number.

Round the calendar

The period spanning the last ten days of April through the last ten days of May is the best season for bird watching. This is when you can see the greatest number and variety of birds in Beidaihe.

Then the period from the last ten days of August through September is the time for the medium and small wading birds to pass through.

October brings another peak season as many birds pass through the area, going south for the winter.

As the colder weather comes in with the first ten days of November, flocks of cranes will be making their way south. They will come north again the following March.

The best spots

For waterfowl and songbirds, try Chitu Hill, Lianfeng Hill and the hilltops in Geziwo Park or the many well-wooded courtyards in Beidaihe District.

· For swimming and wading birds, Daihe, Yanghe and Dapu rivers should not disappoint.

· Visit Jiaoshan Mountain to enjoy watching birds of prey and songbirds.

· Shijiutuo Island in nearby Laoting County is well worth an extended visit of a few days duration.

During the course of a typical 12-day visit, you might expect to see 200 different kinds of birds. Beidaihe China International Travel Service arranges specialist tours for bird enthusiasts. Their office number is 086-335-4033598.

吉林省的第二大城市，也是我国唯一一个与省重名的城市。吉林原名“吉林乌拉”，满语的意思是“沿江的城池”。吉林市有着悠久的历史，穿城而过的松花江水，孕育了古老的民族和文化。吉林市被国务院命名为“中国历史文化名城”、甲级开放城市和全国32个特大城市之一。

吉林市历史悠久，气候宜人。公元14至19世纪，吉林是东北地区重要的政治、经济、军事中心。在清末、民国及解放初期，吉林市是吉林省省会城市。

吉林市资源丰富，物产丰绕。土地、水利、矿产、森林、野生动植物资源均高于全国平均水平，特别是水利资源蕴藏量较大，是全国少有的不缺水城市之一，人均水资源量达到3679立方米。经过50年的发展，吉林市已经成为以化工、电力等行业为主，基础雄厚、门类齐全的现代化工业城市;吉林市还是全国主要商品粮基地之一，粮食总产量达到261万吨。近年来，在经济飞速发展的同时，城市面貌日新月异。吉林市把展现山灵水秀、风光优美的城市风格作为城市建设的总目标，以自然景观为背景，以历史发展为脉络，以造型别致的建筑物为点缀，从整体上提升了吉林市的城市形象，向世人展示了古老江城的勃勃生机和多姿多彩的魅力。

鲜明的山水风光特色和深厚历史文化底蕴的吉林市，旅游资源丰富，旅游发展空间广阔。松花江低回慢转，呈S型穿过市区。四面被龙潭山、小白山、朱雀山、玄天岭环抱，如神话中青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武四神拱卫，还有西团山、东团山两座古文化遗址遥遥相望，山水之势，天造地设。环绕的群山和回转的江水，形成“四面青山三面水，一城山色半城江”的天然美景。

得天独厚的自然条件，使吉林市具备了独特的自然景观和人文景观，丰满、白山、红石三个水电站的建成，形成了“一江三湖”的美景，松花湖被定为国家级旅游区，吉林雾凇被誉为中国四大自然奇观之一，龙潭山鹿场被列为国家级旅游景点。

吉林市是历史文化名城，在市区有1742年修建的东北最大的孔庙--吉林文庙;有佛、道、儒三教杂揉的北山古庙群;有明代留下的阿什哈达摩崖石刻;有充满神秘色彩的“世界之最”吉林石陨石，还有地方特色浓郁的传统民族风情。

吉林市是我国颇具代表性的冰雪体育旅游城，城区内有冰上运动中心，北山、朱雀山旅游雪场，松花湖和北大湖滑雪。当你翩然于雪野山色之中，定会领略山的奇伟，雪的浪漫，飞索凌空，雪道纵横，群山连绵，莽莽苍苍。投入这大自然的怀抱，犹如进入银色的梦幻之境。

尊敬的各位游客：

鞍山，辽宁第三大城市，东北地区第五大城市，地处辽东半岛中部，因市南郊有一对形似马鞍的山(满语思额穆阿林，意为马鞍形的山)而得名。辽宁鞍山地处环渤海经济区腹地，是沈大黄金经济带的重要支点，亦是沈阳经济区(原辽宁中部城市群)与辽宁沿海经济带的重要连接带。其是国务院批准的具有地方立法权的较大的市。鞍山是东北地区最大的钢铁工业城市，新中国第一钢铁工业城市，有“共和国钢都”的美誉，是新中国钢铁工业的摇篮。因盛产岫玉，故而又有“中华玉都”之称。鞍山亦是中国大城市之一，拥有世界第一玉佛—玉佛苑风景区、亚洲著名汤岗子温泉和国家风景名胜千山。现辖四个市辖区、一个县级市、一个县和一个自治县。

鞍山市，简称鞍，是中国辽宁省第三大城市，鞍山因市区南部一座形似马鞍的山峰而得名。

鞍山现辖海城市、台安县、岫岩满族自治县和铁东区、铁西区、立山区、千山区(汤岗子新城)、鞍山高新区、达道湾等6个城区，城区面积797平方千米。总面积9252平方千米，人口146.9万人。

鞍山属暖温带大陆性季风气候，四季分明，降水充沛。东部山区森林植被丰富，森林覆盖率50%，盛产苹果、梨、板栗、柞蚕，南果梨是鞍山著名特产。西部平原耕地面积28.2万公顷，主产玉米、水稻、大豆、花生。

鞍山是中国优秀旅游城市，拥有世界第一大玉佛、亚洲著名温泉、鞍钢钢铁之旅(工业旅游)、南果梨采摘、中国·鞍山(千山)梨花节、国家名胜千山和中华宝玉之都众多旅游品牌。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

善卷洞是著名石灰岩溶奇洞、宜兴“三奇”之首。位于宜兴城西南约25公里的祝陵村螺岩山上，面积约为5000平方米，长约800米，全洞分上中下后四洞组成，洞洞奇异而相通。最奇的是下洞和水洞。水洞长120米，游人多以洞中泛舟为一乐事。

进入洞中，宛如进入一座地下宫殿。入口在中洞。中洞的狮象大场是一个面积达1000平方米的天然大石厅。高达7米的钟乳石笋兀立洞口，名砥柱峰。它是一点一滴的石乳聚积而成，每30至50年长高1厘米，它的形成已有3万多年。石厅内可容上千名游客，高大宽敞，上面挂满各种形象生动的石钟乳。石厅两旁，屹立着一对形似青狮、白象的巨石，惟妙惟肖，形态逼真。

上洞的规模比中洞还要大，洞长70米、宽30米、高30米。洞形似螺壳，终年云雾弥漫，冬暖夏凉，气温终年保持23摄氏度，因而又称暖洞。环壁有奇石形成的荷花倒影、万古寒梅、绵羊、骏马、熊猫等景物，栩栩如生;石缝间细流潺潺，落地汇成水潭;顶部石乳，倒映潭中，奇异天成。

下洞约180米，宽18米，高22米。洞外有一个6米多高的石陡坎。大雨过后，飞瀑流水直泻悬崖壑底，奔放澎湃，故又名“瀑布洞”。与后洞相连的水洞，是一条极古老的地下溪河。长约120米，水深4.5米，河面最宽达6米，可常年通舟。游人至此，可乘游船。轻舟一叶，荡漾其间。

各位游客，你们好!欢迎大家游览善卷洞。现在我们已来到善卷洞门楼前。高大巍峨、气宇轩昂的门楼在绿树翠竹的映衬下，显得古朴、华贵而典雅。著名书法家费新我题写的“善卷洞”三个大字赫然醒目，吸引了无数慕名而来的中外游客。让我们进门楼细心漫游这“万古灵迹”。

前面巨大而奇崛的太湖石上镌刻着四个隶书大字“万古灵迹”，这是由宜兴籍著名书画家钱松岩先生写的。善卷洞古在哪儿?一是溶洞形成于一百多万年前;二是这棵被称为原始社会活化石的小叶银缕梅;三是洞的得名。我们还是边走边说吧。

善卷洞得名于四千多年前的尧舜时期，古籍《庄子》载：“舜以天下让善卷，善卷曰：余逍于天地之间而心意自得，吾何以天下为哉?”于是不远万里之遥，来到江南这处荒山石洞中隐居，后人就把这个洞称为善卷洞。善卷洞全洞面积约5000平方米，洞内游程800米，共有三层，层层相连;分上、中、下、水四洞，洞洞相通，就像一幢石雕大楼。尤其是“洞中有河，河可通舟;船在水中行，浆往天上撑。”堪称一绝。历来与比利时的“汉人洞”、法兰西的“里昂洞”并称为世界三大奇洞。

现在，大家来到了洞口，一块七米多高的巨石挡住了去路，你可别小看这块石头，它已经是三万多岁的高龄了，而且是每五十年长一公分，一点一点长高的。因为洞顶岩层滴下的水中含有丰富的碳酸钙，在一定的温度和压力下，这些碳酸钙就逐渐凝固起来，“滴水穿石”在这儿变成了“滴水长石”。遗憾的是，1957年洞口出现塌方，加固后的洞顶不再滴水，巨石停止了生长。它好像黄河激流中的中流砥柱，因此称为“砥柱峰”，古时也叫“小须弥山”。好，让我们绕过巨石，进洞探奇。

现在我们到了中洞，这个大厅叫“狮象大场”。既然叫狮象大场，就应有狮有象。我们先看狮子，大概因为长时间的站立，它感到十分疲惫，正躺下来休息，还张着大嘴在打哈欠，嘴里露出一对大门牙，侧过的头上只能看到一只眼睛，腰身凹进，臀部突出，尾巴自然地拖在地上，仔细看，身上还长有长长的狮毛，颜色是青色的，真是地地道道的青狮。大家看像不像?像。那就请大家换个角度来看大家。

大象精神抖擞的站着，长长的鼻子拖在地上，象牙、前腿、后腿清晰可见，唯独看不见它的尾巴。为什么呢?原来象王的尾巴又短又小，和它宠大的身躯相比，实在有损它象王的威严，因此它偷偷地把尾巴藏进了山洞。

青狮、大象如此之大，称它们为狮王、象王大概不过分吧。狮王、象王分列两旁，而且脑袋都朝着洞口，既像守卫善卷洞的两名卫士，又像两位好客的主人，欢迎各位的光临。

大家随着我来看一块奇石，我们称它为“多变石”。在不同的角度看，它一会儿像猿猴，一会儿像蛤蟆，一会儿又像狐狸、像海豹……因为洞内的钟乳石都是形象化的石头，一定要站好位置才能看得逼真。用我们的行话讲，叫不说不像，说了看看有点象，角度站得好，越看越像。好，请随我继续向前。

在这石壁上刻有“欲界仙都”四个大字，在佛教教义中，欲界指的是红尘，也就是人类居住的这个花花世界，从字面上解释就是“人间天堂”的意思。这四个字是梁代的贞白先生陶弘景给善卷洞赞语。陶弘景是我国道教中有名的人物，为道教事业的发展作出了非常重要的贡献，在当时，他有“山中宰相”之称。好，既然这位“山中宰相”都给了善卷洞这么高的评价，那么大家都不要客气，请随我上天堂一游。

朋友们抬头看一下洞顶，上面的岩石似云雾布满了整个山洞，四周白茫茫一片云雾迷漫，雾气腾腾，好似站在海中心一样看不到边，所以上洞称为“云雾大场”。

上洞的特点是冬暖夏凉，四季如春，终年温度保持在摄氏23度左右。也许有的朋友要问：上洞是否安装了空调，要不，怎么会保持恒温呢?不是安装空调的缘故，而是靠一块大石头起了一定的保温作用，整个山洞都是由石头组成的，至于是哪一块，朋友们在游览时不妨仔细观察一下，等上洞游览完之后，我再为大家揭开谜底。

请看上面一硕大的蝙蝠正展开双翅向各位飞来，在它的身后还紧跟着一只小蝙蝠。在古代，蝙蝠是被当作一种吉祥物来看待的，有“万福来朝”“五福临门”“福寿双全”之说。

在这小水池旁还长着一棵杨柳树，从树杆中的小窟窿可以看出它已生长了许多年了，可仍显得生机盎然，树枝茂盛，那下垂的柳枝，似乎对各位的到来正表示着热烈的欢迎。

头顶上这片钟乳石和中洞中的“砥柱峰”一样，也是由滴水长成的，不同的是，这片钟乳石现在还在不停地往下滴水，不停地往下生长，假如有哪位不相信的话，不妨拿出尺子来量一下它现在的长度，等五十年之后再来量一次，就可以证实我的话是真是假了。站在这个角度看，这片钟乳石好似一片含苞待放的荷花，朋友们想看荷花开放，就请跟我往前走。

请朋友们往下看，这个景象不由得想起古文《爱莲说》中的描述：出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，可远观而不可亵玩矣。刚才还是含苞待放的荷花，现在到了水里已竟相开放了，不知可有哪位朋友已闻到了荷花的清香。

实际上，刚才我们看到的只是水中的倒影，下面的水不深，只有十几厘米，可是在灯光的照射下显得格外幽深，也显得更漂亮了。

请朋友们向我靠拢一点，前面我们讲过，看景要站好角度，否则，就成了糊里糊涂钻山洞了。

首先，我们看到的是一匹白马，身上的颜色是白的，因为坐着而看不到它的后腿，现在让我们换一下角度到对面来看一下，看一看它变成了什么?

朋友们先仔细观察一下，这是什么动物，哪位能猜得出来?对，这是一只老绵羊，从它背上隆起的部分来看它像是西藏的牦牛，从它长长的耳朵来看像是一只可爱的小白兔，单单从它头部朝下的三角区来看却是一条小金鱼，而从它的整体上看更接近于一只老绵羊。按习惯，虎年过去即迎来虎年，我们是否可以从中得出这样一副对联：“骏马踏雪归去，灵羊迎春而来”。这块石头因站的角度不样而能看到两种动物，我们称它为“坐马立羊”。

请各位再转身看一下这石壁上有一条黑色条纹，这是一条乌龙，这条龙的尾巴正拖在水池中吸水。上洞其他几个池子里都有水，唯独这个池子里是干的没有水，水都已经让它吸干了，又从它抬起的嘴里喷了出来，“乌龙喷水一条线，喷到空中一大片”。马上这里要下雨了，请大家马上离开，免得淋湿了会感冒。

现在出现在我们眼前的是大自然这位超级雕塑家给我们画的一副幽默画：狗熊爬树。在这树干趴着一只狗熊，它看见乌龙在喷水，吓得急忙往树上爬，由于这只狗熊平时养尊处优，难免身胖体重，到了关键时刻露馅了，爬了几百万年也没能爬上去，相反地连自己的尾巴却爬掉了。站在树枝上的是一只山鹰，尖尖的嘴巴朝下，好像正在嘲笑这只笨狗熊。不过依我看，这狗熊虽说笨了一点儿，可它这种不屈不挠、努力向上的精神还是值得学习的。

上洞不失为一处拍电影的好地方。《智取威虎山》中的威虎厅就在此取景，当时，这座山雕的虎皮宝座就放在平台中间，栾平就是我们刚才走过来的路上被带过来的。另外，电视连续剧《西游记》中第八集的黄风洞以及电影《塞外奇侠》等也都是在此拍摄的。

整个山洞是由两棵梅树支撑起来的，请看右侧这棵由上、下两截所组成。这棵梅树为了不使自己被自然界所淘汰，经过几万年的生长，终于长到一起来了，中间有明显的连接痕迹，称为“万古双枚”。“枚”是“梅”的意思。

左侧这棵寒梅，虬根蟠屈，枝叶纷披，其间小枝分披，或孤削似笔，可密聚如林。更为奇特的是上面有只小熊猫，圆圆的耳朵，黑黑的眼睛，两条前腿还抱着一只绣球在玩耍，显得非常活泼、可爱。这只小熊猫自从来到善卷洞后感到这里的生活条件很适合它，就在此长期隐居，再也不愿回到四川老家了。

在神说传说中，天地是由盘古分开的，请看这里有一只肌肉发达的手掌，五指叉开，手心朝上，似乎正用力托住洞顶，我们称它为“盘古托天”。善卷洞的最早形成就是从这里开始的，这水池中的水比日常所用自来水重百分之三，含矿物质较多，晶莹澄澈，万古常清，且可治眼疾。

善卷洞里是山中有洞，洞中有楼，楼上还有楼，现在请朋友信步登高，更上一层，饱览一番上洞全景。

朋友们，在游览上洞之前，我曾说过，上洞能保持恒温，主要靠一块石头起了保温作用，在刚才的游览过程中不知有哪位朋友找到了这块石头?现在到了揭开谜底的时候了，请往前看“一片飞云掩洞门”，这块石头似一片飞云把上洞口给遮住了，只留下一条小小的缝隙，加上它还在上洞的地平线上，阻碍了洞内外的空气对流，这就形成了上洞终年保持摄氏23度的气温。

上洞游览就到此结束了，不过善卷洞的神奇佳景主要集中在下洞、水洞，下面请朋友们随我继续游览下洞。

“百病消除”四个字，原来并非荣毅仁所书，而是由民族资本家荣德生老先生所书。说来，其中还有一段佳话呢!荣老先生和储南强先生是好朋友，当荣老得知朋友为了整修善卷洞耗尽家产，甚至连夫人的首饰、媳妇的嫁妆都变卖一空时，非常感动，伸出了援助之手，捐赠了洞内所需的全部水泥。1934年当溶洞整修完毕正式对外开外时，储南强先生特邀荣先生前来游玩，荣老非常高兴，尽管当时身体不太舒服，还是应邀而来。没想到，当他上上下下游了一圈之后，就被善卷洞的神奇佳景深深吸引住了，感到心情非常舒畅，连那点不适之感也不治而愈了，一时兴起提笔写下了“百病消除”四个字，可惜的是，原迹在时当作“四旧”被毁掉了，后由他的儿子国家副主席荣毅仁复书于此。在此我也祝各位朋友有病的百病消除，没病的更加康键。

“梯口”是下洞的进口，从这里下去要经过105级台阶，有五层楼深。中洞和下洞原来只有小小的溶洞相通。为了使游客在游览时不走回头路，从1925年开始，每天有20名工匠在这里开凿，整整用了10年时间才打通。在这途中还要经过四道门：风雷门、波涛门、金鼓门、万马门。每当下雨时，下雨声和下洞的流水声经过折射传到这里，产生共鸣，站的角度不同，能听到四种不同的声音，风雷交加，波涛滚滚，金鼓齐鸣，万马奔腾。今天外面是晴空万里，没有下雨的样子。假如哪位朋友有雅兴的话，不如下雨天来领略一下这其中的诗意。

上洞、中洞的特点是高大宽敞，下洞却好像一条狭长的走廊，加上流水潺潺，仿佛来到了另外一个天地，下洞又称“又一天”。

请看前面石壁上有一串香蕉、几只扁豆、一条老丝瓜和玉米、辣椒，下面的是老鹰，就像一位守护神，在看守这些瓜果，只能供各位欣赏，不能品尝。下面还有位老寿星在笑咪咪地看着各位，光光的脑袋，长长的胡须，这叫“寿星开口笑，祝愿各位身体好。”

“大雪压青松，青松挺且直。欲知松高洁，待到雪化时。”这是我国十大元帅之一的陈毅元帅赞扬青松刚直不阿的品格而写的一首诗，请看前面这棵松树，树干粗壮，枝叶遮天，高大挺拔，树枝上还覆盖着一层厚厚的雪，但是，它仍不畏严寒，傲然挺立，它称为“通天石松”。

抬头看上面有“华盖顶”三字，这是下洞最高点，距水面有22米，此处还有两尊佛像，一坐一立。善卷洞原来佛像五百余尊，大部分在时被当作“四旧”砸掉了，这两尊佛像因放得太高，地势险要，没人敢玩命地爬上去，才幸免于难，得以保留下来。

前面就是洞口，能看见一线光明，却又被洞顶下垂的片片钟乳石挡住，这些钟乳石犹如佛手、幕布一般，所以这里称为“佛水幕”。京剧《盘石湾》中的“蜂窝洞”就取景于此。

掀开幕布，对面石崖上有一道瀑布，水从上面冲击而下，水击石，石抛水，相互冲击，溅起串串飞珠玉液，较之一般的天然瀑布另有一种风韵。主持整修善卷洞的宜兴名流储南强先生曾对此写诗一首：“千涛万浪上边来，倒挂银河笑口开，收入先生肠腑里，荡为湖海郁为雷”，根据这首诗的含义，这座棕亭取名为“滤心亭”，此处不失为一处照像留影的佳景，各位想照像可前去照像，照完后我们再去游览善卷洞的精华处——水洞水晶宫。

在右边石壁上分别悬挂着一口钟和一面鼓。这种钟鼓现在看来并无什么奇特的地方，但是在下雨时就会出现一个奇迹，上面接连不断的水滴在鼓面上，下面一道道浪头撞击在石钟上就会奏出美妙而又动听的乐章，假如把中洞的狮象比作仪仗队的话，那这里就是乐队了。

上洞的荷花品种不凡，花开在上洞，三结莲藕却结在下洞，边上还有南瓜、西红柿。

朋友们，现在我们来到了水码头，这里也是山洞的心脏，称“壑心”，各位刚才上、下漫游数百米，想必都有点累了，请在“洞庭”处休息一会。

在唐朝时有位叫李蠙的人，年轻时曾择居善卷洞后的碧鲜庵苦读诗书，一天清晨起床后，看见一条龙从水洞里游出，龙头朝着洞口，在呼吸天地间的灵气，李蠙立即写了封奏章给皇帝，说“神龙出现，必是天子祥瑞”。在大门牌楼处有一巨石，上有著名书法家钱松岩所书“万古灵迹”，这四个字就是李蠙对善卷洞的奏称。

中国人民历来是把龙作为至高无上的崇拜物的，这位举足轻重的李蠙先生既然有辞为证，后人也难以分辨，李蠙这一题铭，大大提高了善卷洞的知名度，给善卷洞蒙上了一层神秘的色彩，同时也给后人整修带来了不少麻烦。

1933年，当地名流储南强先生决心打通下洞、水洞的连接口，无奈石工们迷信千年神龙的传说，不敢大胆施工。凑巧的是德国海京伯马戏团正在上海举行驯兽表演，哄动了整个上海市，储先生知道这个消息后，就托人去跟马戏团联系，希望他们能来捕捉这条白龙，洋先生对龙并不忌讳，只是对于做生意十分精明，认为这条白龙未必能够捕来，捕来之后能不能演出更是个问题，虽说驯兽已有二十多年，狮象都能指挥如意，可捕龙尚属首次，万一有个三长二短砸了牌子可划不来，就婉言谢绝了。

储先生憋了一口气，非要探个真假，他亲自督率石工，夜以继日磨了好几个春秋，终于打通了，他又第一个驾小船在小洞里探险，结果呢?连一条水蛇都没有看见，更别说什么千年白龙了。

从此，水洞隐白龙的神话就只作为传说流传民间了，然而，在这窈窕曲折的水洞里“船在水中行，浆朝天上撑”的幽奥意境，在人们心中终究是个谜，在座的有几位已经忍不住想坐船去看个究竟，下面，各位就随我坐小船来领略一番水洞的意境吧?

朋友们，请坐稳了，现在我们开始游览水洞。

水洞原是一条古老的地下河，长120米，弯弯曲曲有三个转弯，水面最宽处达6米，最深处将近5米，前面滴水莲蓬头，各位要保护好自己的头，千万不要撞个大包带回去作留念。“水头”是水洞岩层最低处，请把头低下，前面水中倒映，五彩缤纷，四壁生辉，水石一色，好似来到神话里的“水晶宫”中。

在前方突出的是一条来自扬子江的鳄鱼，它来到善卷洞后再也没能回得去，一气之下，把眼都急红了。各位看过鳄鱼头，要小心自己的头，旁边有一只老鳌正在休息。“人过鳄鱼头，雪山脚下可行舟”，鳄鱼头旁边有座雪山，山中冰雪融化，中间有条羊肠小道直通山顶。

山洞中划船稀奇古怪，与众不同，别处划船浆在水里划，各位看我手中这根浆却是往上撑的，这叫朝天撑船。

“壁堵疑无路，水迥别有天”，转过九十度直角弯来到二弯，转弯处的角落里有一只轮船，不是东风号，也不是远洋号，是善卷洞里的“石头号”，因为船上的设备太落后，开了四千多年才开出一个轮船头，估计还要再开五万年才能全部开出，到那时欢迎各位再次光临。

各位仔细听那声声滴水，似一首永不停息的“滴水协奏曲”，就像在声声呼唤着那条传说中的白龙，清朝诗人谢方连曾写过一首《善卷小水洞》诗：“石晴闻雨滴，窦冷欲生风，只恐弹琴久，潭深起白龙。”

在欣赏曲折的河弯、陡峭的悬崖、压顶的天穹、千奇百怪的自然造型时，各位可凭借丰富的想象力，想象自己正在游览地下画廊、地下博物馆，或者是地下探险。

离开洞府，拾级而上，石壁上镌刻着古今中外许多游客赞美善卷洞府的诗词歌赋。各位游客不妨一边休息一边吟咏。请看，这儿是有“第二徐霞客”之称的蒋叔南先生游览后的留言：“好书不厌百回游，美人不厌千回看，二洞不厌万回来。”在这面加固的石壁上，原刻有“一片飞云化彩蝶”的诗句，据传，这是缘于梁山伯、祝英台化蝶双飞的故事。

这一座古老的四角碑亭中，碑上“碧鲜庵”三个大字，乃是唐代太宁、凤翔节度使李蠙所书。碑后侧上方是“晋祝英台琴剑之冢”，对面“蝶亭”，依岩而立。过去，在这一带，每年农历三月二十八为“观蝶节”。这一天，千百对蝴蝶在青山花丛中比翼双飞，其间有一对硕大的蝴蝶于中午时分出现，据传是“梁祝”的精灵所化，双双飞舞，最后绕亭三匝，飞向碧鲜庵后隐去。古有诗云：“清阴寂寞云松路，蝴蝶双飞芳草间。”“蝴蝶凝山魄，花开想玉颜。”

“祝英台读书处”，这是一座一步一景的仿古建筑群，1992年在“碧鲜庵”旧址上重建。让我们进园一观。

坐北朝南的是“英台阁”，下面是梁祝读书、操琴、娱乐的场所，二楼是卧室。英台阁右侧的“英台书屋”中陈列着八块漆雕屏风，记述着“草桥结拜”“十八相送”“英台抗婚”等八个小故事。

好，让我们告别梁祝，穿过长廊，再访三位古人。“三生堂”，里面有三尊神像，身材、面貌、胡须，一式一样，右手都握着一卷书。他们是什么人呢?一位是唐代的李蠙，就是写“碧鲜庵”三字的人;第二位是北宋的李纲;第三位是南宋的李曾伯。这三人都曾寄居在善卷寺读书，后来做了大官又都出钱整修寺庙，又因他们三人都姓李，当地老百姓认为他们是一人转三胎，就塑了三个一模一样的神像。有一副对联讲得很形象：“一人转世三宰相，三生造寺一姻缘。”

我们从善卷洞门楼进来，从善卷古寺的山门“华藏门”出去，整个游览到此就结束了，前面是富有地方特色的商品一条街，向西行不远处是号称“江南第一碑”的“国山碑”。

在戏台两侧的廊墙上，陈列着明清及至民国时期吴地名人书写的对联65幅，称为“吴中联墨宝鉴”，所选名人大都与木渎有关，而且都是书坛一代大家，有着极深的艺术造诣。廊内还陈列着近百件清代牌匾，固其多为重臣大吏、进士举人榜书题写，书法精美，风格各异，加上精心刻制，妙趣横生，极具收藏和欣赏审美价值。感兴趣的朋友可以尽情浏览一番，细细品尝玩味。

现在，我们来到了东园，这里原是明代李氏的小隐园，以老树奇石和竹林茂盛著称。乾隆初年，此园被徐士元购得，增筑厅堂四进，主要用于生活起居，又在后园中疏池开径，叠石栽花，成为一处精巧雅致的宅第园林，既可与古戏台娱乐区相连，又可自成一统，十分清静闲适。

这是轿厅，名为“离茨堂”，是当年徐士元迎客停轿的地方。“离茨”二字出自《离骚》，有“茨录施以盈室兮，判独离而不服”句，“茨录施”皆为恶草，徐士元将其借喻小人，告诫自己近君子，远小人，故以此为轿厅之名。

这是大厅，主人举办婚嫁喜事、祭祖典礼或招待贵宾的地方。中堂为《古木慈鸟图》。表达了徐士元对父母养育之恩的感激之情。两侧字画值得一读，其中这幅《春山访友》，是徐士元留存至今唯一的一首诗作，诗意清新脱俗，寄托了诗人幽居隐逸的情怀。另一首是《夜读山房》，作者谈汝龙也是木渎人，康熙南巡木渎的时候，谈汝龙作为木渎秀才，当面向康熙献诗一首，深得赏识，被钦取进京，入内庭任纂修，相当于现在的中央办公厅秘书。

到了清末，徐家日渐衰落，这座东园为陈家购得。陈家的外孙女沈寿从小在这里长大，随外祖母和姐姐沈立学习女红，用功不辍，终成一代“刺绣皇后”。这座楼厅就是当年沈寿的绣楼，名“雪宦楼”，如今，我们在这里布设了沈寿纪念馆，较为详细地介绍了沈寿的生平、艺术成就和获奖情况，感兴趣的朋友可以前往一看。

现在我们脚下的青云栈道海拔高度为1500多米。传说很久很久以前，一天海水突然上涨，一群海豚随海潮游到这里嬉戏。这时，雨过天晴，奇崛的山崖上空悬挂着一道美丽的彩虹。正巧这时夏云姑在山崖上采药，彩虹映照在她秀美的脸上，一只海豚被她国色天香的美貌惊呆了。海潮很快退去，然而，我们眼前的这只海豚痴痴地凝望着山崖上的云姑，它还没来得及转身随退潮游回大海海水就消失了。

因为夏云姑的乳名叫“明月”，所以这只化为石头的海豚就叫“望月石”。从那以后，海豚岁岁年年相伴着明月山直到今天。

日月经天，江河行地，不知道经过多少个世纪的演变，形成了我们眼前巍峨壮观千姿百态的明月群山。您看栈道下层峦叠嶂，怪石林立，山花吐艳，苍松傲然。

大家顺着我手指的方向看那座险峻陡峭的悬崖，相传夏云姑的父亲一次数天昏迷不醒，云姑心急如焚。一天夜里，她梦见一位白发仙翁对她说：“明月山南面一座悬崖峭壁上长着一种开满米黄色小花的草药可以治好你父亲的病。”于是，夏云姑不辞劳苦找寻到这里，抬

头望去，果见一座悬崖峭壁上长着几株开满米黄色小花的草药，但采摘草药要冒九死一生的危险。

为了救父亲，云姑决定冒死采药。然而，她一伸手便双脚落空。眼看云姑就要从悬崖上坠落，霎时，梦中见到的那位白发仙翁甩出一条白色的长绢将云姑拦腰围住，把她救了上来。云姑的孝心感天动地，当地人称这座山崖为“云姑崖”。

The tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, theback door of the Palace Museum.

Our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of thePalace are not .

On the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign Charcoal Hill ,providing natural protection for the Forbidden City.

This was also an embodiment of China` s construction style-putting a poolin the front and a hill in the rear.

Now let` s climb up to Wanchun (Everlasting Springs ) Pavillion where we`ll have a great view of the Palace Museum.

关于英文的导游词

今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。

湖北三峡英文导游词

Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

北京故宫英文导游词

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.

(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.

During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .

(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)

The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)

this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.

(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.

Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.

Route A

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.

Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

Route B

(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

This hall was also used for mourning services.

(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)

this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

Route C

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.

(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)

this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(Approaching the Imperial Garden)

Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !

欢迎大家来到这里，下面我来为大家介绍一下!

我们终于来到了盘门三景，只见大门口有一头大石牛，它有两只尖尖的脚，四周都是鲜花，我猜想这头牛是不是立过什么功呢?

往里走，就能看见一个装满很多硬币的铜鼎。它的背面就是盘门三景之一，瑞光塔，我数了一下，共有七层，底层塔基最大，越往上越小，从远处看它的顶端，隐隐地有点往后倒的感觉，真令人担心。看了一下介绍，瑞光塔为宋代古塔，建于公元1020xx年，高度约为53米，为七级八面砖木混合结构楼阁式塔。

再往里走，就是四瑞堂，堂中央立着一幅盘门胜景图，同学们纷纷在图上找到了我们所在的位置，这样一览风光的感觉真好!衬托着全景图的是一些奇形怪状的叶子，叶身上全是镂空的，就象被人工雕刻过一样，但我们一致认为是天然的，真是太神奇了!

在四瑞堂的左边是钟楼，钟楼内设了敲钟项目，“撞世纪唐钟，交世纪好运”。我们都用手摸了一下，冰凉凉，很光滑，用手轻敲，也能发出清脆的声音，后来，朱沁宜的爸爸买了一张票，这让我们兴奋不已，一连敲了三下，“咣!咣!咣!”的声音在钟楼内回荡!

和钟楼相对应的是四瑞堂右侧的鼓楼，鼓名叫平安大鼓，直径2.1米，是宋元丰二年(1079年)所制的牛皮大鼓，听说敲一下可祈求天下太平!

和四瑞堂相呼应的则是一座雄伟的大殿“雄甲三吴”，中间是一方美丽的湖泊。湖泊周围有许多柳树，湖泊上横跨着一座九曲桥，湖泊名叫“白龟池”，这中间还有个典故呢!在湖泊旁“爬”着一只听禅乌龟，白龟长得很大，它伸长着脖子，聚精会神地在听禅讲法，听的好认真哦!白龟的前面正端坐着圆照禅师，手里正捏着佛珠，在给大家讲法。

再往前走，在草丛中隐隐地有一口井的身影，这是一口唐朝时的井，井里的水很混浊，想必是很久没有使用了。唐井的介绍更是被草遮掩了大半，如果不仔细看很难发现。

我们走上九曲桥，白龟池里的鲤鱼们仿佛占了很多灵气，长得又肥又大，个个摇头摆尾的，好像在跳舞，它们个个张着圆润的嘴巴，仿佛在大合唱，再看看旁边的人，才发现原来争着吃鱼食呢!我和队员们也去买来鱼食，抢着喂鱼。我和朱沁宜引来了很多鱼，我仔细地观察它们，它们有红的、黄的、花的、白的，我还看见了一种细细长长的小鱼，它们在大鱼的争夺下，显得有点可怜。我们喂鱼食时，果然不出所料，大鱼摇头摆尾，张大了嘴巴，正等着鱼食进嘴呢，两条鱼王的嘴巴张得有点吓人，嘴巴大得像吸盘一样，身体摇一摇，摆一摆，水花居然溅到了我们的脚背上。争抢的场面非常壮观。因为小队员们都买了鱼食，有的撒在这儿，有的撒在那儿，鱼儿都不知道吃哪里的好了!

走过雄甲三吴，在一座“和月桥”的两旁，我和陈曦、朱沁宜发现了日岛和月岛，非常有趣。再走过延寿桥，就见到“伍相庙”的“千年夹石”，这块千年夹石可不简单，它可是宋代伍相庙遗构的石头，距今已近千年。

我们一路寻找，突然发现前方有一个水帘洞，水流从山坡上挂下来，“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”不由想到美猴王所呆的地方，应该也不过如此。

终于来到了著名的水陆城门——盘门，水陆两门并列，有两道陆门和两道水门。盘门现在城墙全长为三百米，高度五米多，城墙顶部为宽阔的平台。听妈妈说，古时打仗时下面的两扇城门是用来抓敌人的，只要敌人走进了城门的范围内，先把前门放下来，拦住他们的去路，再把后门放下来，截住他们的退路，就像瓮中捉鳖一样，所以又称瓮城。城楼上的三门大炮格外惹人注目的，令人仿佛依稀又回到了当年炮火连天，硝烟弥漫的攻战场面。

城楼上有一块木板盖住的暗道，用于守城将士检查进出城门的来往船只和过往行人。

在盘门城墙上有一个水陆迎回的城楼，是1986年为迎接建城2520xx年时重建，城门上挂着的一串红灯笼。

盘门第三景便是吴门桥，古城内的古桥，要数吴门桥为最高，台阶很多，站在吴门桥上可清淅看到盘门的水陆迎回、城墙，水门很秀气，陆门很敦厚，站在水门口的是几棵柳树，就像忠实的士兵一样，默默地守侯着这座二千伍佰余年的城门。爬山虎爬满了整个城墙，绿荫荫地，就像为古城墙穿上了绿装一样。

吴门桥横跨运河、近傍盘门，高达10米，长66米，跨度为16米，始建于南宋绍定年间(约1230年前后)。在当时，因此桥是进入吴门的第一桥，故取名“吴门桥”，为桥洞高大的单拱石桥，几经重建，现为清朝同治年间的遗物。大运河在此环抱城垣，水陆萦回交错，是苏州的水陆交通要道，今存的城门虽为元朝之物，但仍不失春秋大气，巍然雄峙。