苏州博物馆英文导游词【精选20篇】

A park is the oldest existing yangzhou, the best preserved salt merchants garden, yangzhou dongguan street, a famous ancient lane in the south, north to the east of yangzhou river sight belt yanfu, is in the twenty-third year of qing jiaqing (1818) and huaibei salt total yellow to the narration of the house. For yangzhou representative of the classical private garden in the Ming and qing dynasties. Published in 1998 by the state council as a "national key cultural relics protection unit", and the Summer Palace in Beijing, chengde summer resort, and the humble administrators garden and called Chinas four big gardens in suzhou.

Through a complex, right against the face to see a building ground brick gate house, this is he garden gate, enter the door, came to the backyard of he garden, the garden can be divided into two parts, east and west. Now we stand by the position of the hospital is to the east garden, through the "send the noise hill" round David came to the east garden. East hall centered constitute a set of compound, appear in front of our eyes in front of the two hall, the south is embedded with "phoenix peony" brick of the hall, we call it the "peony hall". This brick is yangzhou a rare piece of brick carvings handicraft in the late qing dynasty, the middle with the peony and phoenix, pattern, around the shape of the peony foliage is inverse, decorative pattern is hydrophobic, knife and lively, smooth lines, the whole picture, the figure is outstanding theme, distinct, strewn at random have send.

All the buildings in the east, the most delicate to ship to the north of the hall, hall like a boat, pebbles, tile floor, steps prior to pattern for water wave shape, the artistic conception, give a person with water north laid red phoenix in morning sun, is a symbol of auspiciousness, long life. On both sides of the ship main hall hall with the excessive couplet: "month masters may visit, the flowers for the walls ship for the home." Tourists, when you look at the picture face after, you may have to forget this is a land landscape, as if walking in the lake, sitting in row in the brain. We have to admire those designing in a castle in the east garden landscape can make "water without water, without the mountains have affection". In hall ship back on the fire wall is a beautiful rockery, more than 60 meters long, there are scenic mountain on the settle way, with the hollow, water around the mountain line, mind the plum tree, the mountain have a small pavilion, to board the small pavilion series floor. From a distance, rockery is like a great rivers of the motherland. If compared the fire wall to the painters rice paper, then in front of sidewall rockery is just draw good landscape painting, give a person the sense with long, round the corner is infinite thoughts. This is the east garden. Please visit freely and take photos.

亳州英文导游词

Bozhou City in North China border, the southern tip of the Huanghuai Plains. Jin Jianghuai South, the North hope the Yellow River, is the state-level historical and cultural city, Chinas outstanding tourist city and opening up city.

Bozhou City area of 8522.58 square kilometers, exempted Guoyang, Mengcheng, Lixin County, and three Qiaocheng Qu, the citys total population of 5.34 million people.

. May 2019, the State Council approved a level Bozhou City, exempted Guoyang, Mengcheng, Lixin County, and three Qiaocheng Qu, land area of 8522.58 square kilometers, accounting for the provinces total area of 6.08 percent; farmland 60. 190,000 hectares. The citys population of 5.3002 million, of which 82,000 ethnic minority people. Bozhou across longitude 115 ° 53 ~ 116 ° 49, latitude 32 ° 51 ~ 35 ° 05, about 150 km and a width of 90 km. Habitat jurisdiction and the Yellow River burst connected to a fan-shaped, lying flat, with only the eastern part of Yongsan, Shi Gong Shan, Qi Shan, Langshan, double-lock for more than 10 such as the limestone residue Qiu distribution throughout the Northwest Bozhou topography, natural ground to l/9000 Micro-dumping gradient to the southeast. Because of the river winding past the Yellow River and cutting changes in the South Pan-impact form of plain Kong, Singapore, dish-and low-lying land distribution, the topography of ups and downs, a "Ohira small injustice," the geomorphological features. Temperate climate in the citys southern edge, a semi-Wenrun temperate climate, there are obviously transitional characteristics, the average temperature 14.7 ℃,

the average duration of bright sunshine 2320 hours, an average of 216 days frost-free period, an average of 822 mm of precipitation. Area rivers are the Huaihe River water system. Wohe rivers are the main trunk stream, Fei River West River, Huai River Mainz, beifei he, QIAN He, and so on.

Bozhou City, a major mineral resources of coal, quartz stone, limestone, dolomite, clay and animal resources are foxes, badgers, Huang You, woodpeckers, owls, Lusi, Li Huang, a snake, scorpion, frog, carp, crucian carp, mandarinfish, eel, eels , Shrimp, aquatic plants are lotus root, turbot, wild rice stem, Gorgon Fruit, Reed, Po, a Chinese herbal medicines peony, chrysanthemum, Sangpi, pollen, bellflower, such as more than 400 species of honeysuckle. Specialties are Furui Gong wine, TGP, paulownia, Mansudae Yaozhen, paper-cut. Cheng Tang tomb relics have, Hua Um, spent Xilou, the ancient underpass, ethics in the Palace, Sang Lin, Cao Cao Temple, Cao Pi Temple, spent the Chinese Taiwan chapter.

Bozhou has a long history and a long history and ancient culture of the Chinese nation is the birthplace of one. On the old days, "Bo" and an ancient Yuzhou, Cheng Tang诸侯for when living in this. "Millimetres" Writing was "thin." "History Geography" Note: "millimetres with the thin." "Historical Records" set: "Since the lease to move eight Cheng Tang, Tang before the Habitat millimetres." Has on several occasions to move the capital by the people will have the soup and collectively referred to as "Bo", including South millimetres (now the south of Shangqiu in Henan Province, north of Bozhou in Anhui), North millimetres (Shandong Caoxian this area), West millimetres (this area in Henan Yanshi ). Now the Bozhou, it millimetres of South Metro. Zhou Dynasty, said here "coke." Qin unified China, the county system, Qiao home in this county, under the Dangshan County. Qinmo Sheng Chen, WU Guang-Ze in the rural uprising, because from time to the north of the Pengcheng, to occupy Qiao County. Western Han Dynasty, Yu Qiao County under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Zhouci Shi Peijun. Eastern Han Dynasty, Peijun to Peiguo. Jianan the end, out of a home Peiguo Qiao County, Cao Cao Qiao County to the vicinity of the base, the military and economic expansion on its own strength. Qiao Cao Cao in the county, such as implementation of Cultivation, vigorously carry out "Juntun," "Man Tuen," Qiao county region to promote the development of agricultural production and the growth of economic strength.

Wong Wei Wendi early 2019 (22 l), Qiao was called "Capital", and Xuchang, Changan, Luoyang, and ye are called 5. Zhengshi four years the Northern Wei Dynasty (507) Purchase South Yanzhou. The first year of an elephant Northern Zhou (579),

Yanzhou is located in the South because of ancient Near South millimetres temporary, the "ancient South millimetres away from the name of the state to" change the South for the Bozhou Yanzhou, the name of Bozhou only see this.

Sui and Tang Dynasties period, changed its name several times, or Bozhou, or Qiao County. Early Ming, Bozhou, down to the county, under the Yingzhou City. Hongzhi nine years (1496), millimetres County also upgraded the state. The early Qing Dynasty, under the Bozhou Gangnam province Fengyang House. Kangxi 2019 (1667), designated as Gangnam province of Jiangsu, Anhui, the two Buzheng Shi Division. In the first year (1912) Bozhou to millimetres County. In 37 (1948) in August the establishment of Bozhou City, in February 1949 city and county merged to restore millimetres County formed, Li Fuyang Civil Administration. March 1986 dismantling millimetres County built Bozhou City, and its affiliation with the same area. February 1998 directly to the provincial jurisdiction. May 2019-level to the establishment of Bozhou City.

Bozhou-wide cross-east longitude 115 ° 53 ~ 116 ° 49, latitude 32 ° 51 ~ 35 ° 05, a long, Dongnanxibei syncline, about 150 km and a width of 90 km. Habitat jurisdiction and the Yellow River to burst fan attached to a plain, is flat, with only the eastern part of Yongsan, Shi Gong Shan, Qi Shan, Langshan, double-lock for more than 10 such as the limestone residue Qiu distribution throughout the Bozhou terrain northwest and southeast high-low To 1 / 9000 of natural gradient to the ground southeast of micro-dumping.

Northwest Qiaocheng Qu Zhan floor topography highest, 42.5 meters above sea level; Lixin County, southeast of outreach to the minimum southern ditch, 22 meters above sea level, the relative gap between 20.5 meters. Because of the river winding past the Yellow River and cutting changes in the South Pan-impact form of plain Kong, Singapore, dish-and low-lying land distribution, a "Ohira small injustice," the geomorphological features. Jiang soil is mainly black sand, followed by the influx of soil, brown earth soil type, soil and a small amount of lime in the vortex, kept the hills surrounding counties distribution.

Temperate climate in the citys southern edge, a semi-Wenrun temperate climate, marked the transitional characteristics, mainly for the monsoon Obviously, a mild climate, sufficient light, moderate rainfall, a long frost-free period, four distinct seasons, spring temperature changes, Yu Xia concentrated, Qiugaoqishuang, long and dry winter. Because of the climate of transition, resulting in frequent confrontation and well-being of air masses, the weather changes, annual precipitation, the citys historical average temperature 14.7 ℃, the average duration of bright sunshine 2320 hours, an average of 216 days frost-free period, the average annual rainfall of 822 mm.

Bozhou City common disastrous weather is dry, floods, high winds, hail, Ganre Feng, low temperature, frost, and so on. Drought, waterlogging is the most important natural disasters. ?

Area rivers are theHuaihe River water system. Wohe rivers are the main trunk stream, Fei River West River, Huai River Mainz, beifei he, QIAN He, and so on. Qiao Chengqu Wohe since the Immigration wandering the town, flows through the southeast Guoyang County Mengcheng County, moved to the village to collect exit Huaiyuan County, 173 km in length, the basin area of 4,039 square kilometers; Fei River West River since the Qiaocheng Qu Fei River town entry, Guoyang County, flows through the southeast, to show Gou Zhen from Lixin county in Fengtai, Yingshang County community, in the 123.4 km long, the valley area of 1,871 square kilometers; Mainz Huai River from Lixin County Li Jizhen entry to the east The Lixin County south to exit floor, Zou Mengcheng County in Huaiyuan County, 66 km in length, the drainage area 14 01 square kilometers.

在我8岁那年的暑假，爸爸决定带我去美丽古老的苏州长长见识。

我们刚来到古典园林，一幢幢古香古色的建筑物，一棵棵枝繁叶茂的树，顿时吸引了我们的目光。先说那古香古色的建筑吧，红漆漆的柱子，绿漆漆的栏杆，漂亮极了。每一间的横杆上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草，上千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。建筑物里面很宽，有四五百平方米，晚上一个人在里面，还真是害怕。建筑物是用木头建成的，富有民族特色。

穿过建筑物，来到了后院。哇!苏州的人真会享受，院子虽说不上大但也显得宽敞，不但可以乘凉，还可以在没事时出来散散心。这院子可真漂亮啊!既有小桥又有流水，让我不禁想起“小桥流水人家”的诗句来，好一幅诗情画意。湖面上盛开了成群的荷花，白里透红，好像小娃娃的脸蛋。还有一个专供下棋的凉亭，看了这么多美景，就属凉亭最人性化了。走过小桥，一片小树林凸显出来，走进去，草地上零星星的撒落着点点阳光，松鼠偶尔从树上跑过，花草的气味扑鼻而来，真像是置身于一片大自然美景啊!

走完院子，出口就到了，我们依依不舍地离开了这美丽的世外桃源。

The construction of the Yamen here started in 1303 in Yuan Dynasty, and thepresent buildings were built in Qing Dynasty. It was the most well preservedgovernment office of country level in feudal China. Since our opening up to theoutside world in 1984, it has attracted a number of our government officials andvisitors form both at home and abroad because of its special history, science,attractive value and its own charm. We have the famous saying : Beijing is thedragonhead while the dragon’s tail is in Neixiang. It is also one of theimportant cultural relics of state level.

The front part building of the Yamen was called a screen wall, which wasbuilt with blue brick relief sculpture. In the middle of the screen, there is astrange beast, which is called “Tan”. It was said to be a greedy beast thatcould swallow gold and silver treasures in the legend. Here in the picture wecan see that around it there are treasures everywhere. But he is not satisfied.His mouth opens widely intending to swallow the sun in the sky, but as a result,he falls off the steep cliff, having his body smashed into pieces. The pictureon the screen was first created by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the MingDynasty. The purpose of the drawing is to warn the government officials not totake bribes and break the law. Here is the main entrance, halfway there isanother gate right in the middle, called Yimen, the second main officialentrance. It used to be open only on the day when new governor took his place orwhen higher official came to visit. On both sides of the second gate, there’retwo small doors, the one on the east was called Life door, while the one on thewest was called Death door, or Ghost door, which was used only by the criminalswhen they were sentenced to death and were going to be killed. Passing throughYimen, you can see a grand building here in front of you . That is the greathall. The great hall was the place where the governor of the county announcedthe government orders, and also some important ceremonies were held here andsome important and serious criminal cases were tried here. In the middle of it,a trial desk was placed, and on the desk, the four treasures of the study andthe red and green bamboo pieces used for trial could be found. On the front sideof the screen, there’s a picture of seawater, tide and the sun, meaning that anofficial should be as clear as the sun and the moon and as clean as seawater. Inother words, an official should be honest and upright. When the prosecutor andthe defendant were taken to the hall for trial, they must kneel down on thestones. The square stone on the east was for the prosecutor, and the rectanglestone on the west was for the accused. Since most cases

involved more defendants, the stone for them was longer then. The housebehind the great hall was called doorman house. The man who guarded the housewas called Doorman, who was the county governor’s relative or people who wereclose to him. Now we have come to the second hall. It was the place where theCounty Magistrate dealt with small cases. Please look at these famous couplets,which means that before law everyone is equal. So the judges should pass thefairest judgment on people. This is called Fuzi Yard, an ancient form of addressto a Confucian scholar or to a master by his disciples. Fuzi was usually theofficial’s assistant who was usually their close friend of knowledgeable andartistic talent. Everyone, including the county governor respectfully addressedhim as Lao Fuzi, so the place where Fuzi worked was called Fuzi Yard. Finally,let’s go to the third hall. It was the place where county governor did his dailywork. If the cases he dealt with were of great importance, he would do it here.There was also a garden behind. It was here that county governor enjoyed hisfree life and got away from his government affairs. As we can see now, there’remany succinct couplets with rich intension here. But this one before the thirdhall was the most famous. It was written by GaoYigong , a county governor inNeixiang county. It means that being the local officials, we rearded the commonpeople as our parents. We worked for them voluntarily and willingly.Nowadays ,many of our Party leaders like Chairman Jiang Zemin read it with deep feelings,and Premier Zhu Rongji sings high praise of it. The words can be no doubtregarded as famous saying and epigram, and the only one of its kind. So now theYmen in Neixiang, together with the Museum Palace in Beijing, and the other twoin Hebei and Shanxi, has formed a special international tore route of the fourgreat ancient Chinese Yamens. Neixiang is now going out of Henan and into theworld. We warmly welcome all the reiends from all over the world to visitNeixiang, and enjoy the elegant demeanor of the ancient Yamen.

各位游客：大家好!

有一首歌叫《常回家看看》，有一个愿望叫常出去转转，我仅代表我们旅行社欢迎大家到河南来转转，各位远道而来一路上辛苦了，敝姓张，是大家在河南省内的地接导游员，站在我身边的这位十分稳重的先生是我们本次旅游的安全保障员，司机张师傅，张师傅驾驶技术纯熟，对我省内的路况了如指掌，用我们河南话说就是“张师傅，中!”所以请大家放心的观光旅游，享受我们河南的大好河山。今天，能够前来为大家服务，我和张师傅都感到十分的荣幸，也请大家不要拘谨，有什么需要遇到任何问题尽管来问我们，我们叮当竭尽全力帮助大家，只有您住得舒心、吃得放心、玩的开心，才是对我们工作最大的肯定。那么，我先预祝大家旅途愉快，收获一段美好的记忆。

我先向大家介绍一下我们今天的行程，现在是早上7点，我们出发前往安阳殷墟博物院，中午我们留在安阳市用餐，下午两点钟我们将会返程回郑州，以方便您按时踏上归途。

我们的旅游车走走京珠高速途径新乡、鹤壁等市约行驶三个小时就会到达我们今天的目的地安阳殷墟博物院。此刻您看向四周，看到的是繁华的郑州市区，说道我的家乡郑州啊，真是有说不完的话，郑州古属豫州，公元前1020xx年周武王灭殷后封此地为管国，东汉时则称为管城，时至今日，我们仍能从郑州市区县的名称中寻找到历史的踪迹，如：管城区。到了隋文帝天皇三年，才有了沿用至今的“郑州”这个称呼。1920xx年京汉铁路大罢工使郑州广为人知，瞧，窗外这座绿顶双塔就是郑州市为纪念此次罢工而修建的，经过漫长岁月的洗礼，二七塔早已不复当年的风采，但它俨然成为了郑州市的地标式建筑，围绕它的四周形成了郑州市最庞大最繁华的商业圈，看清晨的阳光刚刚洒下，人群已经是川流不息，就可以猜到，郑州的发展从未让人失望过，它已经成为了中部崛起的引领者，不断创造历史，改写着人们对河南的印象。

不知不觉我们的旅游车已经驶入新乡原阳。原阳大米大家一定都听说过，有一首儿歌不知大家听说过没有?这首儿歌是这样唱的“玲珑塔，塔玲珑，玲珑宝塔13层”，这玲珑塔就在原阳县境内。大家可能都国外有一个比萨斜塔，但是大家不一定知道中国也有一个斜塔，那就是玲珑塔。玲珑塔始建与宋朝初年，玲珑塔中轴线并不是与地面垂直，而是与垂直线成13度的夹角，无论是远观，还是近看很明显的就能看出来塔向东北方向倾斜，好象随时会倒塌一样，其实，已经走过了千年的历史。因其结构严谨科学，至今巍然屹立。塔是一座富有民族建筑风格的楼阁式砖塔，造型美观，是宋代寺院建筑的佳作。

车过鹤壁，现在我们已经进入了安阳境内。安阳历史悠久，文化灿烂，具有深厚的历史文化底蕴，是中国八大古都之一，国家历史文化名城，甲骨文的故乡、《周易》的发祥地，是我国历史上第一个有文字和文物可考的长期稳定的都城。中华民族最早使用的文字——甲骨文、世界上已发掘的最大青铜器——司母戊鼎在这里出土问世。历史上著名的大禹治水、文王演易、妇好请缨、苏秦拜相、西门豹治邺、岳母刺字等重大事件都曾发生在这里。古老的安阳有“三根”：一是“文字之根”。世界四大文明古国的文字，除了甲骨文字以外全部都湮灭了，只有甲骨文字一脉相承，传承至今，具有顽强的生命力。二是“文化之根”。五经之首的《易经》，就发祥于安阳的羑(you)里城。《易经》所包含的朴素唯物主义的哲理，以及它的神秘色彩，在中华文化发展的过程中起到了独特的作用。三是“民族

之根”。三皇五帝之中，就有颛顼(zhuanxu)、啻喾(diku)两位圣贤在安阳建都，至今还有他们的王陵二帝陵。

我们的旅游车越来越接近我们的目的地安阳殷墟博物院，我先向大家介绍一下它的概况，殷墟是商朝后期的文化遗址，位于安阳市的西北郊，随着对安阳殷墟的全面挖掘，一个古老王朝的都城遗址及光辉灿烂的殷商文化昭然于世;据史书记载和夏商周断代工程断定，公元前1320xx年，商朝的第20位国王盘庚把都城由山东的“奄”迁到了“殷”，并在此建立都城，经历8代12王，共254年，从此这里成为殷商王朝的政治，文化，经济中心。到公元前1046年，周武王伐纣来商以后，这片土地逐渐荒芜，变成了一片废墟，所以就叫“殷墟”了。

现在我们已经来到景区之内，下车之前，希望大家认真听我讲一下我们的要求，首先，我们要文明参观，不带走一片云彩，也不留下一片垃圾，其次我们要注意安全，不要随意离队，走路不观景，观景不走路，最后也是最重要的，要记准我们的集合时间，好了各位朋友，请您关好车窗，带上您的随身物品，请记住我们的停车位置及我们车牌号豫AA9005我的导游旗是白色的，现在请大家随我下车一起参观——以一片甲骨震惊世界的安阳殷墟博物院。

各位游客：

现在我们已经到达了殷墟博物院内部，殷墟博物院犹如一座展现华夏历史瑰宝的艺术殿堂，它给人以古代文明的陶冶。殷墟博物院闻名于世有三个非常重要的因素：甲骨文、青铜器和都城。请大家移步换景，随我来一一体验。

首先让我们来看看进苑这座大门，它是由北京著名古建筑学专家杨宏勋教授专门设计的，整座大门庄严大方，朱彩雕墨，古风古韵、古香古色透着几分宁静与庄严、沉默与矜持。

如果说青铜器是使殷墟闻名于世的第二个因素，那么第三个因素就是都城了，现在呈现在我们面前的就是建在商城遗址上复原的仿殷大殿，它好似殷都的心脏，是商王朝拜议事的重要场所，这座建筑是采用“茅茨土阶，四重阿屋”的建筑方式，也就是茅草盖顶，夯土台阶，四面斜坡，双重屋檐使整个大殿显得庄严辉煌。

请大家往前方看，呈现在我们面前的就是著名的司母戊大方鼎，它是我国迄今发现最早的记载量最大的青铜器，它1939年从王陵区出土，通高1.33米、长1.1米、直径0.78米，重达875公斤，是目前为止世界上所发掘的最大的一件青铜器，是我们的国宝，如此重大的器物，浇注起来特别的困难，可见当时我国的冶炼技术是何等的高超。鼎最开始的作用只是用作煮肉的锅，后来随着社会生产力的发展，逐渐变成了权利和地位的象征。

现在就请大家随我进殿去欣赏一下陈列在里面的甲骨文吧，在安阳殷墟出土的甲骨文是世界上最早的文字之一，因其刻在龟甲和兽骨上而得名，甲骨文记载了当时商朝的政治、经济、文化、军事、天文、历法和祭祀等各种活动，成为研究商代历史的珍贵资料。甲骨文被我们当代人重新认识以前，人们把可有珍贵文字的骨片当做类似于我们今天的蚊香来用，有的甚至那他来垫桌子，塞墙角。当我们脚下这块土地还是农田的时候，人们经常会从地里挖出一些骨片，人们一直把他当做一种可以止血的药材——龙骨。知道1899年我国著名金石学家王懿荣先生生病买药时发现中药“龙骨”上刻有奇怪的刻画，经过仔细研究，他认为“龙骨”上的刻画是商代的文字，是我国最早的文字——甲骨文，王懿荣先生因此被人称为是“甲骨文之父”

接下来我们要参观妇好墓，只是中国历史上第一位女将军妇好的墓地，面前的这个建筑就是妇好享堂，而这尊汉白玉雕像就再现了华夏最早的巾帼女将妇好生前的飒爽英姿。妇好是武丁的妻子，她能文擅武，深受武定宠爱，她曾多次参与国家政事，为武丁的江山社稷立下了汗马功劳。据甲骨文记载，她最多一次带了13000多人，不少的男性将军都归她指挥。还有一次他率兵征战，由于他运筹帷幄，事先在一个地方打好伏击，配合正面的进攻打了一个漂亮的伏击战。妇好不仅能率兵征战，还能主持重大宫廷祭祀活动，在王室中占有举足轻重的地位，由于连年征战，妇好终因积劳成疾，先武丁而去。武丁非常沉痛，为了纪念她，破例将其葬在宫殿内，并墓圹上精修享堂，并附有大批随葬品，在这些随葬品中，除了有精美的青铜器，玉器等以外，我们还看到了壁龛里的尺骨，这就是当时被殉葬的奴隶，我们仅从这个殷代王的墓葬就能看到奴隶社会的缩影。大家可以顺梯而下，到复原后的墓圹参观。

朋友们因为时间的关系，我们今天的讲解至此就结束了，现在大家可以自由活动，去探寻自己感兴趣的景点，但是请大家务必注意自己的安全，切记下车前的提醒，三十分钟之后，我们在大门口集合，大家不要忘记时间，谢谢大家。

古运河扬州段是整个运河中最古老的一段。现在扬州境内的运河与20xx多年前的古邗沟路线大部分吻合，与隋炀帝开凿的运河则完全契合，从瓜洲至宝应全长125公里。其中，古运河扬州城区段从瓜洲至湾头全长约30公里，构成著名的“扬州三湾”。这一段运河最为古老，可谓历史遗迹星列、人文景观众多。

运河哺育了扬州，是扬州的“根”。作为“运河城”的扬州，在新的世纪，应对运河文化资源加以大力开发和利用，通过旅游让古老的运河文化为扬州的经济发展和社会进步作出积极的贡献。扬州三湾，河道曲折，当初运河的开挖者为了消除地面高度差，使运河的水面保持平缓，便采取了延长河道以降低坡度的办法，所以就把这段运河开挖得弯弯曲曲。这个方法是我国古代河工们的杰出创造。以前所流传的弯弯曲曲是为了不破坏扬州风水的说法是不对的。从旅游美学的角度来看，古运河的三湾段因其弯道给人们以特殊的变化莫测的忽远忽近的视角空间，将是古运河旅游线上的一大卖点。

古运河扬州段从瓜洲至湾头全长30公里，沿岸有几十个景点，其旅游价值极高，它集长江和运河、天然和人工、历史和现实、经济和文化、新线和老线、城市和乡村于一体，构成一条色彩斑斓、风情万种、景色各异、内涵丰富的旅游线路。更为令人称奇的是，作为一条新开发的旅游线，与长江风情旅游线相呼应、相连接，从长江与运河交界的古镇瓜洲上船，经过古运河到东关古渡换船，就能非常自然地与我市已经形成多年的乾隆水上游览线自然连接，这就完全做足了“水”的文章，突出了古城扬州历史上“车马少于船”的特色，使游客感受“水”的经济、“水”的文化、“水”的生活方式。

大连自然博物馆是中国自然历史性博物馆，位于辽宁省大连市胜利桥北。大连自然博物馆是一座集地质、古生物、动物、植物标本收藏、研究、展示于一体的综合性自然科学博物馆，其前身始建于1920xx年。建筑面积5100平方米，陈列面积2470平方米。馆舍为俄式建筑，原是沙俄帝国侵占大连时的市政厅，1920xx年3月扩建为满蒙物资参考馆，1920xx年改名为满蒙资源馆，1931年末更名为满洲资源馆。1945年归属中长铁路大连分局，定名为东北资源馆。1950年由大连市人民政府正式接管，1959年改名为大连自然博物馆。大连自然博物馆有各种标本近20万件，珍贵标本6千余件。在国内独一无二，在亚洲也属罕见，在国内外享有很高的知名度。

大连自然博物馆是一座集地质、古生物、动物、植物标本收藏、研究、展示于一体的综合性自然科学博物馆，其前身始建于1920xx年。新馆为现代欧式建筑，坐落在风景秀丽的黑石礁海滨，建筑面积1.5万平方米，展览面积1万平方米，是国内唯一拥有27万平方米海域的博物馆,在国内外享有很高的知名度。

大连自然博物馆有各种标本近20万件，珍贵标本6千余件。馆藏特点是海洋生物标本和"热河生物群"化石标本，其中海兽标本20余种，其种类和数量在国内自然史博物馆中是最多的，其中重达66.7吨的黑露脊鲸标本，在国内独一无二，在亚洲也属罕见。"热河生物群"化石标本在国内是种类最多最有特点的，其中一窝鹦鹉嘴龙化石是世界上迄今为止惟一的、数量最多、保存最完整的、震惊世界的国宝级化石标本，其研究成果论文已发表在《Nature》(20xx年9月431期)上。

大连自然博物馆馆内现开设地球、恐龙、海洋生物、东北森林动物、湿地、物种多样性、辽西古生物化石等12个展厅。走进序厅，一幅长22米、高3米的巨型浮雕将"自然与人"艺术而完美地融合在一起，气势宏大壮观;恐龙展厅内40米长的巨幅半景画和栩栩如生的恐龙生态模型,演示了恐龙产生、发展、灭亡的全过程，观众可直观地了解恐龙及其生活环境;十分珍稀精美的辽西古生物化石，仿佛在默默地向人们讲述着发生在亿万年前的神奇故事，使我们对生命的进化产生无限遐想和对未来的深思;在物种多样性展厅内，观众只需按下按钮就可以听到来自自然界近30种鸟类的鸣叫;走进东北森林动物展厅，犹如进入茂密的原始森林，各种动物集聚在你的身边，使人不禁发出要爱护自然、保护野生动物的感叹;触摸式多媒体电脑、大屏幕彩电，以及中央空调、楼宇自控、保安监控、数码自动讲解系统等高科技硬件设备，给观众创造了一个方便、舒适的参观环境，此外还有供学述研讨等文化活动的多功能厅，供观众休息、观景的休息厅，以及购物、饮食等服务设施。来大连自然博物馆参观，不仅能增长自然科学知识，还能领略大自然的独特风光，在成片的黑色礁石和小石林的环抱中，聆听大海与礁石的"对话"。

大连自然博物馆陈列水平先进，新馆陈列先后获得20xx年全国十大陈列精品奖和最佳新材料、新技术运用奖、20xx年大连市科技进步一等奖，辽西化石研究20xx年获大连市科技进步一等奖，20xx年大连市文明单位，20xx年大连市首届十佳环保景点，20xx年大连市旅游工作先进单位。20xx年作为东北地区唯一入选的博物馆，参加了法国举行的中法文化年活动。20xx年获全国青少年科技教育基地，20xx年获全国科普教育基地，20xx年大连市优秀科普教育基地，20xx年获全国野生动物保护科普教育基地。大连自然博物馆正以崭新的面貌热情欢迎来自国内外的各界朋友。

Visitors, friends:

Hello everyone！ Im a tour guide from Chongqing China International Travel service. This one behind me is the driver of our tour, Mr. zhang. I am honored to have the opportunity to serve you, welcome to Chongqing tourism, later, I will lead you to visit known as "stone town" laudatory name Dazu Rock carvings. Dazu rock carvings are about 130 kilometers from the main city of Chongqing, and the driving time is about 2.5 hours. During this period, I first made a brief introduction to Dazu rock carvings for everyone.

Dazu stone is a general term for the territory of Chongqing Dazu County, all carved stone statues of art, reflects the China Buddhist and secular life, the process is a large set of Confucianism Buddhism Grottoes statues in one of the statues, the first cut in the early Tang Dynasty Yonghui years (650 years), after the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, flourished in the two the Song Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties have been carved. Eventually formed a large scale, set Chinese art of stone a stone base, called on behalf of China advanced grotto art, and the Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes and Mogao Grottoes as of December 1, 1999, was included in the "World Heritage list of UNESCO". 07 years was named the national 5A class scenic spots. Dazu Rock Carvings group has more than 70 stone statues, totaling more than 50 thousand, and more than 10 words of inscriptions. Among them, in Beishan, Baoding mountain, Nanshan Mountain, Shimen mountain, stone seal five Grottoes is the most characteristic.

There are two kinds of origins is a name of the Dazu rock carvings, Dazu as a traditional agricultural area, mild climate, weather, crop stability, people live and work in peace, for the Dazu Dafeng, so named. There is also related to Buddhist legend, legend has it that Shakya Muni in the eve of Nirvana has been to Dazu, in which the Buddha left a pair of big feet, it is called local dazu.

The stone is located in Dazu County about 1 kilometers north, a total of 5000 statues in the statue, by the late Tang Cishi Wei Junjing dug in the first year of Tang Jingfu, by local officials, gentry, and other construction, to the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing years (892 - 1162) ended, lasted for 250 years. The sculpture is exquisite, beautiful and elegant known to the world, show the development, late Tang to Song Dynasty China Folk Buddhism belief and grotto art style changes, especially in the most prominent Guanyin statues, known as the "China Guanyin statues museum". In Kitayama stone popular Buddhist art mainly reflects the secularization of Buddhism, the Sutra cave runner is recognized as "a pearl on the crown of China grotto art".

Baoding mountain stone is located in Dazu County, 15 km east of NATO, the Song Dynasty monk Zhao Zhifeng in the Southern Song Dynasty Chunxi to junsuke years (1174 - 1252) presided over the construction, which lasted more than 70 years, with Shengshou temple as the center, including the fowan, small fowan 13 statues group, total statues of nearly 10000 statue, with the theme of Buddhism the main characters of the story of Tantric statues, like a large group of Buddhist shrines, stone carving art essence. Baoding mountain Avalokitesvara, like Buddha, Kowloon bath Prince and other famous scenic spots.

Nanshan stone is located in Dazu County southeast, was carved in the Southern Song Dynasty, there are statues of the 15 caves, with Taoist statues, carved exquisite, the figure is the most beautiful carvings, Taoist God of the most complete stone carving art in China

Tourist friends, this is Kowloon bath prince. According to legend, Buddha mother Maya at the age of 40 has been sub. One night, dream of a child with six teeth, white elephant from her right armpit ran into the stomach, so she was pregnant. Pregnancy in October, according to ancient India customs back home delivery. Through the Lumbini garden, she just raised his right hand to pick flowers when Shakya Muni from the right axillary drill. When he landed, he was fragrant and full of clouds. He walked seven paces in the southeast, northwest, and forth. Then a finger, a finger, said "the world underground, overweening". At this time, two Hercules holding gold pots to the sky, and flew to Kowloon, spit warm and cold water for his baptism two. This is the unique niche statues, local model. Here before is a gap, streams flowing all the year round. Craftsmen first water accumulated in the Buddha above the pond, and then put the stone gap and laid up in Kowloon and the prince, and then through the passage, make the quality of the biggest mouth slowly spit in the newborn Prince bath jinpen. Silk silk have been continually trickle over from Prince body, into the pool, and then by next to the "nine of the Yellow River" came out. Craftsmen not only skillfully solved the drainage problem, but also made statues move in the static, full of garden interest.

Visitors friends, due to the time relationship, our Dazu Rock Carvings tour will end here, I wish you a pleasant journey!

科举制度是中国封建王朝培养人才，选拔官吏的一项根本制度，自隋至清的1300余年中，有状元750余人，进士11万余人，举人上百万。中国历代王朝的政治、经济、文化的兴衰，无不与这一制度有着密切的联系。西方文官考试制度的建立亦渊源于中国科举制度。科举制度是中国乃至世界历史上的一大文化奇观。

这是一份由户部开出的“执照”，相当于现在的介绍信，上面有考生的曾祖、祖父、父亲三代姓名，如果该考生的出身成份不好，就没有考试资格。考生持有这份“户部执照”后，就可以到国子监换取这份监照，等于现在的准考证。古代虽然没有照相机，但可以通过文字把考生的五官相貌描绘得一清二楚：“根据户部册报，温世寿，系山西汾州府介休县人，年十五岁，身巾、面白、无须------

这是一套光绪二十年河南乡试题目。共分三场，第一场为“四书”三题，第二场为“五经”五题，第三场为“第”五道。这是一套完整的乡试考卷，是河南省姚毓贤乡试卷1—3场真迹，十分珍贵。清乡试要求严格，起首为考生姓名、面形、年龄、描述，后书三代姓名，并印有监考、关防以及收卷官(分内收掌、外收掌)、弥封官、卷八官等官印。乡试考取者即为举人，三年后方可进京参加会试、殿试。

这就是科举考试最高一级考试试卷——殿试卷。殿试是国家最高级别的考试由皇帝亲自主持，在太和殿(后改为保和殿)举行，考中一甲第一名为状元，第二名为榜眼，第三名为探花。考中第二甲者赐进士出身，第三甲赐同进士出身。这是一份殿试卷，双面书写，书法功力深厚，内容切题，用语精彩，是一件不可多得的学习范本。

封建科举考试可谓考场森严，但依然挡不住各种稀奇古怪的作弊手段。这件丝绸夹带长45厘米，宽38厘米把它双面书写对折成两部分，便于考生藏于鞋内。每个字只有2—3毫米，笔划细如发丝，书写俊秀，共有2万8千余字，包含了《四书》的全部内容和批注。此书如此之小，显然是为考生作弊方便，但狡猾的书商却在扉页上写有“幸勿误带入场”的字样，真是“此地无银三百两”，无非是为了避免考生一旦露馅而牵连到自己。

Yong hui in the tang dynasty three years (AD 652), xuan zang wizard for sacrifice from India to Buddha, andother and classic Sanskrit, in temple west DaYuan 2-foot-tall tower built a five layer. Contrary to baoji famen temple tower by adding, wild goose pagoda is a temple built tower. During wu zetian changan reconstruction. Then after a lot of dressing. Wild goose pagoda is the famous tourist attraction in the tang dynasty, and therefore have a lot of literati, words, title of the Ming and qing dynasty which alone there are more than two hundred. Big wild goose pagoda in the temple is the tang dynasty monk xuan zang specializing in translation and the scriptures. Buddhist sutras introduced from tianzhu master xuan zang, once conducted temple in the temple service, with "fear generation who, after the loss, and difficult to fire" and make appropriate arrangements via like sarira, citing is outside a temple was built stone tower a, hence march Tang Yonghui three years (AD 652) attached to the chart to write. The emperor tang planning FuTu total 45 zhangs by xuan zang, with enormous project to achievement, and unwilling to mage toil, citing court grant funding 2-foot-tall tower built in the temple west yuan five layer. Wild goose pagoda, this tower due later in changan jianfu temple built a small wild goose pagoda, the temple tower was called wild goose pagoda, jianfu temple tower was called the small wild goose pagoda, has spread so far. Imitation of the western regions of great wild goose pagoda Su slope shape, wall brick surface soil core, not climbing, each layer sarira. Master xuan zang personally presided over a tower, built in two years. For brick topsoil heart, wind and rain erosion, more than 50 years after the tower gradually collapse.

Wu zetian changan years (AD 701-701), the queen Wu zetian and nobility, give money to build on the site, for seven new layer, the blue brick flies in the tower (another story, 704 AD as of great wild goose pagoda, tower increased to 10 layers. In 931 AD, when the later tang dynasty five dynasties period to rebuilding, wild goose pagoda to seven layers). After tang dynasty, temple temple by repeated warfare, the house burned down, only the wild goose pagoda alone.

In 931 AD (five generations of the later tang dynasty changxing two years) repair again for wild goose pagoda. Later in a large earthquake happened in xi an region, the wild goose pagoda tower fell, the tower shatter. (the original tower 11 floors) said "the second tablet" quiet st.

各位朋友，大家好，说起古典园林，大家都会想起苏州。然而，200多年前，江淮古城扬州的园林却要胜过苏州。早在清朝时曾有人对江南名胜作出过这样的评价：“杭州以湖山胜，苏州以市肆胜，扬州以园亭胜。”可见当时江南一带，扬州是以园林之美而著称的。早在汉代，扬州就有规模较大的园林式建筑，以后又有创新，到清代时，由于手工业、商业、交通运输业、盐业都十分发达，加之乾隆的六次南巡，扬州园林迅速兴盛。但历史上多次遭到兵灾战祸，园林毁坏甚多，现在幸存的仅个园、何国、小盘谷和后冶春园等为数不多的园林了。

【个园的创建历史及名称来历】

朋友们：今天我们游览的是全国十大名园之一的个园。个园位于扬州市内东关街318号宅后，清嘉庆二十三年(1818年)，两淮盐总黄玉筠在明代寿艺园的旧址上重建。黄玉筠认为竹本固、心虚、体直、节贞，有君子之风;又因三片竹叶的形状似“个”字，取清袁枚“月映竹成千个字”的句意命名“个园”。苏东坡曾说：“宁可食无肉，不可居无竹，无肉令人瘦，无竹使人俗。”道出了园主人以竹命名的本意。

【造园概况—园林春景】

“扬州以名园胜，名园以叠石胜”。个园就是以竹石为主体，以分峰用石为特色的城市山林。个园的假山采取分峰叠石的手法，运用不同的石头，表现春夏秋冬四季景色，号称四季假山，为国内园林惟一孤例。个园的植物以竹为主，与竹最相配的造景材料是各种奇峰异石，像玲透巧的太湖石峰，瘦削嶙嶙的石笋等。竹与石组合在一起，形成园林中很有特色的竹石小景。游客们，现在我们可看到在个园的入口处，造园者就别具匠心地设置了一组竹石小景，开宗明义地点出了这座园林以竹、石为中心的主题。

个园就在黄家邸宅的后面，从住宅中间的小夹弄进入，往左一转，可以看到一左一右两个花台。台上翠竹亭亭，竹间叠放了参差的松布石笋，远远看去，就像刚破土的春笋，缕缕阳光把稀疏竹影映射在园门的墙上，形成“个”字形的花纹图案，烘托着园门正中的“个园”匾额。那在微风中摇曳的“新笋”又象征着春日山林，这一真一假的竹景，被前面住宅部分的白墙一衬，立于园门两边，很有“春山是开篇”的意味。不知游客们是否领略到了春回大地，气象万千的感觉。这就是个园著名的四季假山景中的春景。

【园林夏景：宜雨轩—夏山】

欣赏完春景之后，我们再去观赏一下夏景的风采。那么夏季假山在哪儿呢?从两座花台春景中步入园门，迎面便是一座四面厅。厅前有两个用湖石平叠的花台。西台植竹，东台种桂，因而此厅原先称为桂花厅，现在匾额上已改名为“宜雨轩”。从厅中朝南而望，到处是绿意盎然，近处是青竹、丛桂。透过围墙上四个水磨石砌的漏窗及月洞门，还可以看到我们刚才路过的竹石小景。近景远景既内外有别，又隔而不闭。这种以内外互对互借来增加入园第一景的深度的造园手法，还是个园的独特之处，可谓别出心裁。从桂花厅沿着轩廊往西走，经过一片密密的竹林，便来到水池边上，隔水往北望去，只见蓝色的天幕下，巍峨屹立着一座苍古浓郁、玲政剔透的太湖石假山，山下有石洞，山上有石台，形姿多变，形状宛如天上的云朵，这就是夏山。山前有一泓清澈的水潭，水上有曲桥一座，通向洞口，巧妙地藏起了水尾，给人以“庭院深深深几许”的观感。池中遍植荷花，一眼望去，“映日荷花别样红”，突出了“夏”的主题意境。

走在曲桥上，我们可以饱览夏山的秀色，只见两旁奇石有的如王鹤独立，形态自若;有的似犀牛望月，憨态可掬。抬头看，谷口上飞石外挑，恰如喜鹊登梅，笑迎宾客;跳远处，山顶上群猴戏闹，乐不可支。真是佳景俏石，使人目不暇接。进入洞室，刚开始觉得有点阴森，继而习惯了斜上方石隙中落下的丝丝光线，便觉得洞室宽敞。而小池里的水又分出一支流入洞中，加上湖石色呈青灰，夏日在洞中赏景，更觉凉爽。洞室可以穿行，拾级登上，转上数转使到山顶。上有一小亭子孤立于假山之上。亭前留有一株古松，伸出崖际，增添了夏山的葱郁的气氛。站在亭中，回首再看假山，在山洞石缝中，广玉兰盘根错节，石阶两旁，雨打芭蕉亭亭玉立。走在其间，只见浓荫披洒，绿影丛丛，真让人感到心旷神怡。

【园林秋景：黄山石—秋山】

朋友：如果夏景是以有清新柔美的曲线的太湖石表现秀雅恬静的意境，那么秋景则以黄山石粗扩豪放的直线表现雄伟阔大的壮观。因为黄山石既具有北方山岭之雄，又兼南方山水之秀，因此秋山是个园最富画意的假山。整座假山，都用悬岩峭壁的安徽黄石滩就，其石有的颜色呈储黄，有的赤红如染。假山主面向西，每当夕阳西下，红霞映照，色彩极为醒目。在悬崖石隙中，又有松柏傲立，其苍绿的枝叶与褐黄色的山石恰成对比，宛如一幅秋山图景。山巅建有四方亭，人在其中，俯瞰四周景观，往北远眺绿杨城郭，瘦西湖，平山堂及观音山诸景又—一招入园内，这也是中国传统的造园手法之———借景。在我国古代，向有秋日登高远望的传统。个园黄山石是全国的制高点，又以重阳登高来渲染秋的主题。

秋山的外形高峻突兀，内部结构复杂。石洞、石台、石磴、石梁与山中小筑交错融合在一起，形成一条扑朔迷离的山中立体游览通道，它不仅有平面的迂回，更有立体的盘曲。游客们，如果您感兴趣的话，可以因山而楼，再由楼两山，慢慢去领略这座设计巧妙、堆叠技法高超的扬州名山——秋山的风采。

【园林冬景：透风漏月轩—漏商】

从黄石假山往南看去，在三盈小楼的西面，有一个幽静的景区，这区域的主体建筑是一座南北敞达，东西用墙围闭的小厅，这些建筑给人的感觉好像带了某些“京味”。请看这些房子，屋角起翘较小，屋面较平缓，造型显得比较厚重，为什么会这样呢?原来在清朝盛世，帝王南巡，都要在扬州游玩。扬州盐商经济实力雄厚，为了所谓的“迎銮”，费尽心机来揣摩皇帝的喜好，因而有不少园林建筑就仿照了北京建筑的款式，渐渐地，扬州园林中有些建筑也带有了某些“京味”。这幢叫作“透风漏月”的小厅也不例外。在厅的南面有一座用宣石平叠的花台，台上倚着花园的南界墙，又有宣石堆起的小型倚壁假山，这就是冬山。宣石产于安徽的宣城，其色洁白如雪，人们又称它为雪石。这一景区，原是冬日围着火炉，边赏雪边品茶的地方。为了使假山在不下雪之时仍有雪意，便将宣石山置于南界墙北面的墙下，从厅中望去，台上小山一色皆白，犹如积雪未消。因为宣石中含有石英，其色虽白，但在阳光下会闪闪发光，如将其置于向阳处，就与赏雪的主题有些相违，冬山背阴，也可见叠山家观察的仔细了。

宣石山的东侧界墙外，便是个园的人口处。为了使冬天的意味更足，造园家在墙上有规律地排列了24个圆洞，组成一幅别具一格的漏窗图景。每当阵风吹过，这些洞口犹如笛萧上的音孔，会发出不同的声响，像是冬天西北风呼叫，以声来辅助主题意境。更为奥妙的是，通过那几排透风漏月的圆润，看到的是春景的翠竹、石笋。不知朋友们有没有产生“冬去春来”的联想。

各位朋友：个园的假山概括了所谓“春山淡冶而如笑，夏山苍翠而如滴，秋山明净而如妆，冬山惨淡而如睡”与“春山宜游，夏山宜看，秋山宜登，冬山宜居”的画理。园内还有“宜雨轩”、“抱山楼”、“拂云亭”、“住秋阁”、“漏风透月轩”等古建筑。四季假山在这些楼台亭阁的映衬下，加之古树名木点缀其间，更显古朴典雅、幽深雄奇。冬景虽给人以积雪未消的凛冽之感。但靠春景的西墙却开了两个圆形的漏窗，只见枝枝翠竹过墙来，又给人们“严冬过尽绽春蕾”的深远意境，整个园景犹如一幅构制巨大的画卷，构成美的和谐。

个园的主要景观已经游赏完毕了。在游罢个园后，您会不会有这样的感叹：扬州个园，确实是园林中的精华之园。

尊敬的游客们：

大家好!欢迎大家来到苏州古典园林游玩，我是大家的导游，我叫，也可以叫我x导。今天我们将去苏州的古典园林转转，请大家跟好咯!

苏州古典园林吸收了江南园林建筑艺术的精华，有一句话说得好“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南。”，苏州古典园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，可以体验让人舒畅的生活，美化和完善自身居住环境的一种创造。

现在我们来到的是沧浪亭，沧浪亭是建于宋朝公元948～1264年， 被文人成为苏舜钦的私人花园，占地面积1·08公顷。园内有一泓清水贯穿，波光倒影，景象万千。宋代著名诗人苏舜钦以囹万贯钱买下废园进行修筑，傍水造亭，还写下了“沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨;沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。”造首诗。踱步沧浪亭，可以看见沧浪亭外临清池，曲栏回廊，古树苍苍，垒叠湖石。人们称“千古沧浪水一涯，沧浪亭者，水之亭园也。”

现在，请大家自由活动半小时，要注意几点事项：

1、注意安全

2、不要戏水

3、注意卫生

4、不要破坏花草

现在清大家自由解散，最后：祝大家玩的愉快。

各位游客：大家好!欢迎大家来到江南水乡城市——无锡!

小徐今天带大家走的是一条比较特殊的水上线路——古运河!希望大家注意安全，千万不要落入水中，否则，我们中午就多了一道菜----“落汤鸡”哦：)

无锡古运河隶属于京杭大运河江南段，其由无锡西北面五牧流入，穿城而过，至望亭流出无锡境，全长 40.8公里。由于古代水运为主要运输方式，这里舟楫如梭，故而被称为“黄金水道”，它也是无锡最主要的一条河道。

讲到这里就不得不把京杭大运河来介绍一下了：中国有四条龙，长江、黄河、长城和京杭大运河。前两者是大自然赋予的，后两者是人工创造的奇迹。京杭大运河是全世界人工运河中最长的，其全长1794公里，北起北京通县，南至杭州，穿越了北京、天津、河北、山东、江苏、浙江六省市。其中，据说开挖得最早的一段就是泊渎河，是3220xx年前吴泰伯带领当地人开挖的。2520xx年前，吴王夫差为了伐齐又开挖了邗沟，1420xx年前，隋炀帝开凿了江南运河，公元1292年，元世祖完成了京杭大运河的全线贯通，至此，其成为了我国古代运输的一条生命线。

而无锡段运河是至今为止保留最完好的一段。现今南禅寺一带近1公里的水弄堂曾让许多艺术家和考古学家都发出了由衷的赞叹。因为其他地方的古运河基本已经没有水上的历史景物了，唯独这里还保留了小桥、流水、人家和许多历史古迹!

好了，现在我们的船来到了一片宽阔的水面，这里三河交汇，原本就是一个湖，叫做“芙蓉湖”，又叫“无锡湖”，古代此湖有15300顷，也就是现在太湖的三分之一左右，处在无锡、江阴、武进三县境。后随着人类的围垦和自然的淤塞，此湖面积越来越小，到清末就只是一个小湖了，但这里还是留下了许多古迹，包括前面的黄埠墩和蓉湖庄。

水面上高高架着一座大桥，叫做“吴桥”，这里原来没有大桥，明清时期这里是水上运输中心，旁边就是渡口，因众人争渡，经常有人落水，于是有位富商，叫吴梓敬的，出了27000两白银，仿上海的外白渡桥而建造了一座铜铁大桥，人们为了纪念他，就把此桥命名“吴桥”。吴梓敬，安徽人，清同治、宣统年间在无锡、上海都开有丝厂，所以他每年都要来无锡，后病逝于上海，但是他对无锡的贡献是功不可没的，此桥一直到1965年改建时，才拆除了铁梁，称“解放桥”，但1982年又恢复了原名，现桥是1993年改建的，还获得了建设部是“鲁班奖”。其实这附近除了吴桥，还有三里桥和莲蓉桥，名字有三个，桥却有四个哦!因为三里桥有两座啊!

大家旁边的这个四面环水的孤岛，便是相传战国时期楚国春申君黄歇治理芙蓉湖时留下的遗址----黄埠墩。无锡人把古运河比做一条龙，这里就是龙头，据说它原来还会随着水涨而抬高、水落而降低呢!其又名小金山，面积仅220平方米，但历史上却有两位皇帝、三个宰相、一个青天来过此地。战国时期春申君封于江东，在在此治理芙蓉湖，兴修水利，而黄埠墩也正是以他的名字命名的。另一位是无锡宰相李绅，著名的《悯农》时就是他创作的，诗中的“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”至今都为众人吟赞。

还有一位就是南宋的丞相文天祥，当年他被派去元军营中谈判，被主和派出卖，遭元军拘留，押送文天祥回大都时路经无锡，就把他关押在此墩之上，两岸的老百姓跪泪哭送，文天祥也作了《过无锡》诗一首;一位青天就是明代的海瑞，他在黄埠墩上还写下了“玩山临水第一楼”的匾额。两位皇帝就是六下江南的康熙和乾隆了。乾隆还在颐和园的南湖中仿造了一个“凤凰墩”，可惜现在已经没有了，他还写下了“两水回环抱一洲，不通车马只通舟”的诗句。因为它的神奇，所以无锡人把它认为是无锡的“天关”所在。

这里就是著名的三里桥米市，叫三里桥，其实有两座桥，一座在吴桥下面的新三里桥，一座是左手边的老三里桥，所以三名四桥。据说从老三里桥到老北门正好三里故名之。无锡为鱼米之乡，水运便捷，与湖南长沙、安徽芜湖、江西九江并称“中国四大米市”，而无锡居其首。原先无锡米市分八段，三里桥米市是当中最热闹最繁忙的，但是现在已经逐步被新村所代替了，当年众多的粮船，热闹的粮行也已经不复存在了，但三里桥米市却是无锡历史上不可抹灭的一笔。当年这旁边还有幢漂亮的“芙蓉楼”，它不但是品茶和吃早点的场所，也是粮行、客商们谈生意的地方，可以说是当年的“粮食交易中心”。

前面这座高大的桥下面有个大岛，无锡人叫“江尖渚”，古运河到这里就分为两流：一流向东，一流向南，与梁溪河交汇。梁溪也是无锡的别称，因东汉名士梁鸿与其妻孟光曾隐居在无锡铁山而得名。这江尖渚上原堆放了许多坛坛罐罐和大缸，堆得又高又尖，故名“缸尖”，无锡话“江”和“缸”同音。这里的陶器铺特多，而进入江尖要么摆渡，要么穿街过巷，故而有“江尖渚上团团转”的说法。古代每逢七月三十，这里的人们就会在水中放上塔灯，以纪念元末起义领袖之一吴王张士诚。但现在已经没有这个习俗了，岛上也改建成一个免费的公园了。

过江尖渚不远就到了无锡的西门了。运河上的这座桥叫“人民桥”。一听就很有革命性，但据说这是无锡有史料记载的最早的桥。桥下原有条古街，前面是街道，后面是河道，街面上都用遮阳挡雨的凉棚连接着，故名“棚下街”。这里原本是无锡的粮仓所在哦，不过现在已经是漂亮的五爱家园小区了。

不远处还有条街，叫“日晖巷”，其实原来叫“石灰巷”，因巷内都堆放着石灰而名，但名字不雅，才用谐音改做“日晖巷”。这里原先也是店铺林立，非常热闹的。

前面又出现了一个小岛，叫“西水墩”。这里是无锡的“地轴”，和“天关”黄埠墩相互呼应。原先是明代五部尚书秦金的别墅所在，所以又叫“太保墩”。后来明代无锡知县刘五纬为民办好事、洗冤案、兴水利，并且为了治理水患而倾家荡产，却遭受不白之冤，无锡人为了感谢他，而在此建庙祭祀，封他为“西水仙”，所以叫“西水墩”。现在已经改造成江心公园和展览馆了。上面还有个戏台，分内外两面，外面演戏是给渔民老百姓看的，里面是演给“水仙老爷”看的。

此墩旁有一廊桥与一边的茂新面粉厂相连。所以我们无锡早就有廊桥了。旁边的茂新面粉厂是民族工商业先驱荣德生等人于1920xx年创办的，原名叫“保兴面粉厂”。这里生产的兵船牌面粉曾享誉全国。我祖父也曾是这个厂的工人。这里是中国民族工商业的发源地的一个缩影。虽然这里已经停产，但是已经建成了我市的民族工商业博物馆，记载了我国民族工商业的发展，非常值得一看。

河的对面是薛福成故居。薛福成是我国清末出使欧洲四国的大使，同时他也是民族工商业发展的奠基人之一，他的儿子薛南溟就是无锡第一届商会会长。他的家占地很大，在无锡有“薛半城”之说。现在无锡市政府已经修复了这个故居。

此楼楼名出自名句：疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏。梅贵疏贵斜，忌密忌直，疏梅之影横斜倒映在清浅的水面上，黄昏时分月上枝梢，有暗香浮动,这幽雅醉人的环境,真是赏梅咏梅的佳处。楼依湖而建，一层为通道，上楼南面可见红梅绿树,树丛中飞翘的屋檐便是问梅阁。

由暗香疏影楼南行数步，可见飞瀑亭。飞瀑亭建在瀑布旁，方形，卷棚歇山顶，亭内西置屏门，上部刻有《飞瀑亭记》，下刻浮雕“杏林春暖，茶净纳凉，东篱佳色，山家清供”四幅。亭中有石桌和四只石鼓墩座，坐在亭中，流水潺潺，如闻涛声，故亭又名“听涛亭”，与湖心亭“观瀑”相互辉映。

问梅阁的名出自禅宗公案，是西部园景的中心景物，筑于土山之上，阁前遍植梅树。阁内窗纹，家具装饰地面花纹皆雕刻成梅花形，屏上书画也都取材梅花。此处乃西部最高处，可以东眺山地，池中有湖心亭架曲桥，全园山色历历在目。

我们现在看到的是双香仙馆，长方形单檐亭，屋顶与廊共用，三面围木制栏杆，亭内设汉白玉石台。所谓“双香”是指梅荷之香。因亭外近处有梅花，山下有荷花池，冬天梅花暗香浮动，夏天荷花想远益清。在这里能够享受这两种清香，好似仙人居住之所。荷花与梅花的清香都是纯洁的，带给观赏者以高尚的享受并使心灵得到净化。

转角处的亭子叫扇亭，外形象折扇的扇面。扇形月洞，扇形吴王靠，扇形石台。置身其中，可饱览园景。

建于廊的最高点的为文天祥诗碑亭。文天祥诗碑亭亦名正气亭，亭内碑刻是文天祥狂草手迹“梅花诗”：静虚群动息，身雅一心清;春色凭谁记，梅花插座瓶。

廊东半亭，为御碑亭，嵌有乾隆第二次南巡(公元1757年)，首次游览狮子林时所作的《游狮子林苏州府城内诗》御诗一首。后黄氏刻碑立石以示皇帝临幸荣耀，留念后人，为园中古迹之一。碑曾被毁，现碑文乃是之后按原有断碑拓片重刻，而碑座、碑顶为旧物。

Visitors to kiss love, everybody is good, I am your tour guide, my name is meng, you can call me meng guide; Welcome to visit huangshan. Huangshan huangshan, anhui, China is the natural and cultural heritage, has been included in the "world heritage list". Or in the top ten scenic spots unique mountain huangshan scenic spot. Huangshan mountain "loose", "strange", "sea of clouds", "hot springs," four famous in the world. Speaking of "loose" to "guest-greeting pine". Guest-greeting pine stand in the jade screen on the east side, manjusri hole, broken stone, the life of more than eight hundred years. Loose name found in the huangshan mountain guide.

Tree height of 15 meters, diameter at breast height sixty-four cm, diameter seventy-five centimeters, under branch height is two point five meters. This attitude pale neck, cui Ye Rugai, polite, cute image. Speaking of rocks, have to say "flying stone". Green mountain peaks appearing in the west, there is a stone stands on the top of the mountain rocks. Stone is 12 meters high, seven point five meters long, two point five meters wide. Rock and rock interface is small, so the name "flying stone". Dear passengers, please free activities, please dont smoke, in case of fire, thank you for your cooperation.

Everybody is good! Welcome to visit suzhou gardens. I am your tour guide, surnamed pan, just call me pan or pan guide. Let me take you to visit!

Suzhou garden with beautiful scenery, is famous for its elegant, have "jiangnan garden enjoys, suzhou garden armor chiangnan" the laudatory name. There are both lakes and mountains, wide, and Bridges the jiangnan water rhyme.

Now we came to the humble administrators garden. Humble administrators garden is one of the four classical gardens in China. It is located in suzhou in the swallow gate, is the largest one in suzhou garden, also is the representative work of suzhou gardens. You see, the humble administrators garden is light fitting for property of building layout, the clever, fair, simple natural pure and fresh style? Its layout theme centered on water, the water area is about one 5 of the total, various pavilions hin pavilions built by the water. Main building has far hong tong, snow sweet YunWeiTing, to frost eighteen datura flower pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, 36 yuanyang pavilion, etc. Autographed photos below, youd better be careful, dont fall into the water or litter!

Visit the humble administrators garden, now everyone with me to the surging waves pavilion. Surging waves pavilion is the oldest a garden in suzhou. Within the garden rocks as blue waves accent. Look, head on a heaped-up mountains, stone pavilion is located on its blue waves. Is Lord of the garden rockery southeastern md hall building, and there are five hundred MingXian shrine, see mountain building, emerald green and exquisite pavilions, back check pavilion and royal pavilion building through with them. Landscape art is different, not into the garden gate and set a pool of green water around outside in the garden. Chisel below has a pool, landscape are connected to a complex tortuous galleries, how beautiful! The composition

Below you see the lion grove. Is one of the four classical gardens in suzhou. Because of the high stone mountain park, more like a lion, so the name "lion" Lin. Forest lake stone rockery and more exquisite, architectural distribution of strewn at random have send, the main building there is YanYu hall, see waterfall mountain building, pavilion, ask MeiGe, etc. Lion grove theme is clear, the depth of field is rich, personality, false cave lives the craftsmanship, objects dont have a charm.

Finally, lets visit the garden. Lingering garden is one of Chinas four big gardens. Was built in the Ming dynasty. Central garden covers an area of about 50 acres, with landscape is given priority to, is the essence dominated. The main building has a green mountain, bright floor, quxi far cui pavilion buildings, the wind the place such as the pool pavilion. Keep the number of campus building in the gardens in suzhou crown, fully embodies the ancient landscape of superb artistry and outstanding wisdom.

Now that we have finished the few parks are not allowed to visit the suzhou gardens. I would be glad to visit the gardens together with everybody, thank you for your support for my work! Good bye!

Everybody is good! I am the guide from you, we are going to visit in Beijing for three days, today we are going to visit the Summer Palace of the famous.

Now, we have come to the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace was built in 1750, by British and French troops burned down in 1860. In 1886 and have been restored. In 1900, the Summer Palace and was severely damaged, the eight in 1902 to repair again. Determine the Summer Palace in 1961, the state council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1998, the Summer Palace was the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization included in the "world heritage list".

Let me take you to go to corridor. We look ahead, this is the long corridor, its architecture is very beautiful, and very long, as the eye is not an end, he has more than seven hundred meters long, divided into 273 pieces, everyone looked up, this is the transverse sill, it has a colorful picture, painted figures, flowers and plants, landscape, there are thousands of pictures it, but in no two are the same in these pictures, do not believe we can have a look. You notice? Are the flowers and trees on both sides of the lang is also very beautiful, here is full of the flower of life from January to December, each season has different flowers. Now we have covered corridor, came to the foot of the longevity hill, everyone looked up, three layer architecture is the anise pyramid, buddhist incense most of his use of glazed tile construction, it will shine under the sun. This is a row of resplendent and magnificent palace, row cloud temple. Here we come to the buddhist incense to play. Everyone stood looking down on it, is there a lake? This makes the kunming lake. Now the surface we see kunming lake on the mountain. Kunming lake around long bank, there are several styles of different stone bridge on the bank. Lake there is a small island, planted with trees. We have 17 through the hole in the stone bridge, can go to the island to play. Because there are seventeen holes in this stone, so called the marble seventeen-arch bridge which, on the bridge are hundreds of pillars, pillars are carved with small stones, and these lions have different attitude, no two are just the same.

Ok, here you free activities for half an hour, but dont go away, dont get close to kunming lake.

英文导游词结尾参考

导游即引导游览，让游客感受山水之美，并且在这个过程中给予游客食、宿、行等各方面帮助，并解决旅游途中可能出现问题的人。导游分为中文导游和外语导游，英文叫TourGuide或Guide。在我国导游人员必须经过全国导游人员资格考试以后才能够从业。接下来是小编为大家整理的关于英文导游词结尾，方便大家阅读与鉴赏!

英文导游词结尾1

Little meng thanks everybodys all the way support to my job andunderstands that also in here.

Hope that everybody gets chance to come to Dalian again, small Meng and mylocation (所在)__ travel service will be that you provide (提供)the service usingmore well.

Wish everybodys returning journey all smooth God-speed finally!

英文导游词结尾2

That trip to Dalian to master of here will have been over.

Believe in more of Dalian public square , big of greenbelt area, cleanappearance of a city and Euro-style city construction are stayed by you deeplyimpression, keeps an incense especially among the Dalian seafood lip and toothdefinitely as early as you.

英文导游词结尾3

Owing to lack of time, todays visit is over now.

Thanks for your cooperation.

I do hope you enjoyed todays tour.

Have a good rest.

See you tommorrow.

Thanks for your cooperation.

Today is the last day of the tour.

We spent a happy days together.

I do hope the tour is rewarding and enjoyable.

Wish you pleasant journey home and good health.

I introduced over, hope you all have a happy trip

英文导游词结尾4

Ladies and gentlemen, we are expected to back __x in __x minutes, theterninal of this journey.

Id like to express my grateful to every body for your kindly cooperationduring the journey.

I spend a very nice time with in the past __ days.

英文导游词结尾5

After 20 years of development and construction, the Tianzhu Mountain is thedevelopment of the eight scenic areas, open six scenic spots and touristfacilities has greatly improved the visibility and Tianzhu Mountain growingreputation, Tianzhu Mountain to the number of tourists has increased, the homeand about 800,000 passengers.

Tianzhu Mountain is no longer Mr.

Yu described a "lonely Tianzhu Mountain", the tourism economy of our countyand enriching Buried Hill County of the pillar industries.

英文导游词结尾6

The tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, theback door of the Palace Museum.

Our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of thePalace are not .

On the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign Charcoal Hill ,providing natural protection for the Forbidden City.

This was also an embodiment of China` s construction style-putting a poolin the front and a hill in the rear.

Now let` s climb up to Wanchun (Everlasting Springs ) Pavillion where we`ll have a great view of the Palace Museum.

英文导游词结尾7

On the four walls inside the pavilion, colorful murals are painted, thetheme of which is the images of 16 Arhats and 2 Ming Dynasty Emperors, which arethe earliest subjects of Buddhism.

On he murals, 2 m high Arhats with 3 heads and 4 arms are extremelylifelike and Ming Emperors on the four walls are full of power and grandeur.

On the upper part of the murals, there are mountains, forest, cloud andriver, while on the lower part, there are paintings of secular themes with vividand natural lines, which embody the superb the skill and arts of painting ofancient Buddhism in China.

各位游客朋友：

欢迎您来到甲骨文的故乡参观，希望通过我的讲解能使您对殷商文化有一个大致的了解。

“一片甲骨惊世界”。1899年甲骨文的发现不但结束了仓颉造字的神话，也使一个普普通通的名不见经传的小屯村举世闻名。随着对安阳殷墟的全面发掘，一个古老王朝的都城遗址及光辉灿烂的殷商文化昭然于世。殷墟，是商朝后朝的文化遗址，位于安阳市的西北郊。它的范围是以小屯村为中心，包括分散在村北和村西洹河两岸的一些地方。据史书记载和夏商周断代工程断定，公元前1300年，商朝第20位国王盘庚把都城由山东“奄”(今曲阜)迁到“殷”(今安阳小屯)，并在此建立都城，经历8代12王，共254年。从此，这里成为殷商王朝政治、文化、经济的中心。到公元前1046年，周武王伐纣来商以后，这片土地逐渐荒芜，变成了一片废墟，史称“殷墟”。

1961年，国务院把殷墟公布为全国首批重点文物保护单位。为了保护和利用殷墟，使其不再遭受人为破坏，经国家有关部门的批准，在殷墟宫殿区遗址上兴建了“殷墟博物馆”。

殷墟之所以闻名世界，有三个非常重要的因素：甲骨文、青铜器和都城。首先就是甲骨文(有关甲骨文的情况稍后再介绍)。我们先来看看进苑的这座大门，这座门是由北京著名古建筑学专家杨鸿勋教授专门设计的，它是仿甲骨文的“门”字的写法而建。它看似简单，却是最原始的大门，可称其为华夏“门”的鼻祖。我们再看看门框上的这些图案，浮雕着凤、虎、饕餮和蝉等花纹。门额苑名由著名历史学家周谷城先生题写。整个苑门庄严大方，朱墨雕彩，古风古韵，古香古色。门两侧墙上浮雕殷代龙形玉决，仿佛显示我们都是龙的传人。此苑门和仿殷殿建筑的人文景观已经成为古都安阳的象征。

当世界上多数民族还停留在石器时代，生活在这里的人们，已经进入青铜时代。这也正是殷墟闻名于世界的第二个原因。

您现在看到的这件青铜器，就是著名的司母戊大方鼎的仿制品。司毋戊鼎1939年从王陵区出土，通高1.33米，长1.10米，宽0.78米，重达875公斤，是迄今为止世界上所发掘的最大的一件青铜器，是我们的国宝。如此大的重器，浇铸起来特别困难。据估计制造这样的重器需要明确的分工和协作，从炼铜的浇铸，从制模到拆范需要130多人同时施工。青铜器中，铜、锡、铅的含量比例，与现代所铸青铜中铜、锡、铅的比例基本相同中，我们可以想象当时治炼技术是何等的高超。鼎最开始的作用只是一口煮肉用的锅，到后来，随着生产力的发燕尾服，逐渐变成了权力的象征。

提到殷墟闻名于世的第三个因素，无疑就是商朝的都城。呈现在我们面前的，就是建筑在商朝都城宫殿遗址上复原的仿殷大殿。它好似殷都的心脏，是商王议事朝拜的场所。这个建筑是“茅茨土阶，四阿重屋”的建筑方式，也就是茅草盖顶，夯土台阶、四面斜坡、双重屋檐，整个大殿宏伟庄严。

大殿现在陈列着甲骨文，让我们进入大殿系统了解一下甲骨文的一些知识。甲骨文是1899年由清朝国子监祭酒王懿荣首先发现的。当年我们脚下这片土地还是片农田，周围的村民经常在泥土中挖出一些甲骨片。但当时他们并不知道这是什么，就随便扔掉了。后来村

里的剃头匠李成，为顾客剃头时，经常会划破头皮出血。他没钱买药，就用这些骨片磨成粉末涂在伤口上，发现血竟然止住了，才知道这便是中药的一味，唤作龙骨。于是开始大量地卖到药店。当时药店大多只收购不带字的龙骨。所以许多农民把骨片上的字刮掉后再出售。非常遗憾，不知多少病人把这些甲骨文都喝到肚子里，幸好有些带字的甲骨卖到京津两地，被王懿荣发现，并确认认为我国最早的文字----甲骨文。

甲骨文的发现，使“龙骨”身价一步登天，导致周围的村民纷纷来挖掘，有的还以此为生。但当时的挖掘都属于私挖，破坏性很大，而大规模有组织地掘是从1928年开始的。考古学家们在1928年至1936年这十年间，共进行了15次大规模的挖掘。这几次挖掘永远载入了考古学史册，开创之功，功不可没。1937年卢沟桥事变的爆发，使殷墟的发气被中断。直到1949年，新中国成立后发掘工作才继续进行。

我们先来看一个展柜，这是著名的H127甲骨文堆积坑模型，是1936年在小屯北地一个窖穴里出土的，是目前殷墟发现甲骨文最多的一次，总共有17096片。大部分是龟甲组成的，上面记载的是商人占卜的结果，以及商朝的天象、历法、家业、军事、政治等各方面的社会内容。这个甲骨坑被专家们认定为世界上最早的图书馆和档案库。

从这个档案库中我们不难看出，商王从事的占卜活动特别频繁，几乎是无日不占，无事不卜，那么让我们来了解一下商朝人是怎样占卜的。商王占卜一般是由专人来进行的，他们先在已选好的龟甲或牛肩胛骨的北面凿一些排列整齐的小圆孔，圆孔的旁边再凿一条长槽，然后把燃烧的木炭放到里面灼烧。骨头受热以后，正面就会随着“卜”的一声出现裂纹，商王就是根据这些裂纹来判断事情的吉凶。现在您看到的这些甲骨片上的文字就是占卜祸福、判断吉凶的简单记事，因此我们也称这些文字为四骨卜辞。

我们现在来到了甲骨文碑林.在全国，各种碑林不少，但殷墟的碑林与众不同，它既不是名人碑刻，也不是行草隶篆，而是保持了原甲骨片的甲骨碑刻.关于甲骨文及甲骨文发现的一些情况，前面已经讲过，这里就不再重复，仅就甲骨文碑林的情况向大家介绍一下.

甲骨文碑林，是由我国著名甲骨文学者王宇信杨升南先生精选，以原甲骨文片形状放大而成石碑，共30通.其内容涉及商代文化、军事、农业、天象、田猎、鬼神崇拜等，内容非常丰富.

大家看这块碑，原甲骨文有甲骨文之王的美称，文字最多达125个，记载了大将止眉与两个方国即土和工口方的战争.

自1899年王懿荣认定甲骨文以后，甲骨文就受到金石学家的，多方收购，古董商为获取更大的利润对甲骨文的出土秘而不宣、封锁消息.1911年，著名金石学家罗振玉派他的弟弟罗振常来的到安阳调查，不仅弄清了甲骨文出土殷墟的准确位置，还收购到大量的刻有文字的甲骨片，其中旧有这块甲骨王，一块完整的龟板.听说出卖这片甲骨的人，用赚来的钱，买了20亩土地呢!

咱们再看这块碑，它主要记载了天象情况，从时间和空间上准确地记录了彩虹的形成条件和出现的过程，是我国古代关于天象——彩虹的最早的、最完整的记录.这块碑记录的则是中国最早的一次交通事故，是商王出行打猎时遇到车祸的情况.

下面请同志们认真看一看，您能辨认几个字，从义和形上去研究琢磨，充分发挥您的想象，看看是什么字，如果想验证一下，甲骨文碑刻的背后就是现代汉字，可以对照一下，看看是否猜对了.

现在我们来到了殷商车马殿厅.我们知道，畜力车是古代先民陆上最重要的交通工具.殷代的车子，考古屡经发现，而且结构基本定型，距它最初发明的时间应该有一个相当长的阶段了，据文献记载夏代就发明了车，但至今没有发现夏代车的遗存.殷墟考古发掘的殷代车马坑，是华夏考古发现畜力车最早的实物标本.这里展出的6座殷代车马坑，是中国社会科学考古研究所安阳工作站和安阳文物工作队分别于1999年3月——20__年5月在安阳刘家庄北地、南地和孝民屯东地发掘的.商代道路遗迹是在航空运动学校南地发掘的.这几具车马，保存基本完整，具有较高的学术研究和展示价值.每坑葬车一辆，其中五坑殉葬两匹马，4坑殉葬各一人.经鉴定，殉人中3人为成年男性，一人为少年.

自1928年殷墟发觉以来，曾多次发现过车马坑遗迹.因受当时发掘水平的限制，都未能将坑中所埋木只车辆的遗迹全部清理出来.直到新中国成立后第二年，这一技术难题才被考古工作者突破.后来，随着发掘经验的积累和技术水平的提高，发掘和清理木只车子遗迹的工作臻完善.这里陈列的6座殷代车马坑，是近年来考古工作者发掘的新成果，他与本苑的宫殿建筑遗存一样，是我们的镇苑之宝.在车马坑最南边的就是殷代的道路，这上买面很清楚地显现有车辙，道路比较宽，除有两道车辙以外还有人行道.这里陈列的道路遗存，是在航校南地发掘的，由此可见，殷尚时期交通，包括车子和道路，都是比较发达的.

在建国以后出土大量甲骨文的同时，妇好墓的发现，也着实让所有考古工作者为之振奋.妇好墓在宫殿区的西边，现在让我们参观一下中国第一位女将军的墓葬.各位面前的这个建筑是妇好享堂，而这尊汉白玉雕像就再现了华夏最早的巾帼女将妇好生前的英姿和风采.那么妇好是何许人也?妇好是尚王武丁的妻子，她能文能武深收武丁的宠爱，多次参与国家大事，为武丁的江山社稷立下汗马功劳，据甲骨文记载，她多次率兵东征西战，最多的一次竟带兵13000多人，不少男性将军都归她指挥.妇好有一次率兵征伐方，由于她运筹帷幄，事先在一个地方设下埋伏，配合正面的进攻，打了一个漂亮的伏击战.妇好不仅能率兵征战，还能主持重大的宫廷祭祀活动，在王室中有着举足轻重的地位.由于连年征战，妇好终因积劳成疾，先于武丁而亡.武丁非常悲痛，破例地厚葬于宫殿区内，并在墓圹上精筑享堂，以示纪念.

这就是妇好墓，我们顺梯而下就到达复原后的墓坑.妇好墓深7.5米，在这里出土了大批随葬品共计1928件.计有:青铜器400多件，玉器750多件，骨器560多件，石器50多件，以及象牙制品、陶器、蚌器、海螺、海贝等，简直就是一个商代文化博览会.更重要的是在出土的青铜器中，不少都铸有“妇好”二字的铭文，甚至在一件兵器上也有“妇好”的名字，学者们经过研究，得知这就是在甲骨卜辞里出现过200多次的武丁的妻子妇好.

在随葬品中，除了有精美的青铜器、玉器等以外，我们还看到壁龛里的尺骨，这是当时被殉葬的奴隶.这些尺骨共有16具人骨和6具殉骨.其中殉人男性4具，女性2具，儿童2具，其余的因截肢，已经不辨男女了.我们仅从这个殷代王室的墓葬，就能看到奴隶社会的缩影.

讲到这里，殷墟博物苑的全部内容就讲完了.如果您有机会，欢迎再来殷墟博物苑叩访我们的祖先，再次感受博大精深的殷商文化.

河南殷墟博物苑简介:

世界文化遗产——殷墟位于河南省安阳市洹水两岸，是中国第一个有文献记载并为甲骨文和考古发掘所证实的商代都城遗址.从1928年由中国学术机构独立主持考古发掘开始，

在殷墟先后发现了110多座的商代宫殿宗庙建筑基址、12座王陵大墓、洹北商城遗址、2500多座祭祀坑和众多的族邑聚落遗址、家族墓地群、手工业作坊遗址、甲骨窖穴等，出土了数量惊人的甲骨文、青铜器、玉器、陶器、骨器等精美文物，全面、系统地展现出3300年前中国商代都城的风貌，为这一重要的历史阶段提供了坚实证据.20__年3月，在由国内48家权威考古机构参加的“中国20世纪100项考古大发现”的评选中，殷墟以最高票数名列榜首.

根据最近的考古调查和研究结果表明，殷墟遗址的面积超过36平方公里，其中宫殿宗庙遗址、王陵遗址是核心区域，并被同时列入《世界遗产名录》.

殷墟宫殿宗庙遗址位于安阳市洹河南岸的小屯村、花园庄一带，是商王处理政务和居住的场所.自1928年以来，在这里先后发现宫殿宗庙建筑基址80多座.这些宫殿宗庙建筑，以黄土、木料作为主要建筑材料，其建筑多坐落于厚实高大的夯土台基上，房基置柱础，房架多用木柱支撑，墙用夯土版筑，屋顶覆以茅草，造型庄重肃穆、质朴典雅，具有浓郁的中国宫殿建筑特色，代表了中国古代早期宫殿建筑的先进水平.

1937年以前发掘的53座建筑基址，被考古学者划分为甲、乙、丙三组基址.本世纪70年代以来，在宫殿宗庙遗址又陆续发现了著名的小屯南地甲骨窖穴、妇好墓、花园庄东地H1甲骨窖穴、54号基址和花园庄M54号墓等.在宫殿宗庙遗址的西、南两面，有一条人工挖掘成的南北长1.1千米，东西长0.65千米，宽10-20米，深5-10米的巨型防御濠沟，其东、北两端与洹河的河曲相通，将宫殿宗庙遗址环抱中间，构成了严密的防洪、防御体系，与宫殿宗庙遗址浑然一体，起到了类似宫城的作用.

殷墟发现的甲骨窖穴主要分布在殷墟宫殿宗庙遗址.自19世纪末甲骨文发现以来，这里共出土甲骨约15，000片，震惊了世界.最著名的有YH127甲骨窖穴、小屯南地甲骨窖穴、花园庄东地H3甲骨窖穴.YH127甲骨窖穴，发现于1936年，位于宫殿宗庙遗址中部偏西，共出土刻辞甲骨17，000余片.小屯南地甲骨窖穴发现于1973年，位于小屯村南部，共出土刻辞甲骨5，000余片.花园庄东地H3甲骨窖穴，发现于1991年，位于宫殿宗庙遗址东南部，共出土甲骨1，583片，其中刻辞甲骨500余片.这些甲骨的内容极为丰富，包括祭祀、畋猎、农业、天文、军事等，涉及商代社会生活的方方面面，为甲骨文和商代历史研究提供了极其宝贵的资料，被称为中国古代乃至人类最早的“档案库”.

殷墟王陵遗址与宫殿宗庙遗址隔河相对，是商王的陵地和祭祀场所，也是中国目前已知最早的完整的王陵墓葬群，面积达11.3公顷.王陵遗址共发现有12座王陵大墓和2500多座祭祀坑.王陵大墓多为“亞”、“中”“甲”字形大墓，这些大墓墓室宏大，形制壮阔.面积最大者达1，803平方米，深达15米.墓内椁室、棺木极尽奢华，随葬器物精美，殉人众多，显示出墓主人非凡的尊贵和威严.殷墟王陵的埋葬制度、分布格局、随葬方式、祭祀礼仪等，集中反映了商代晚期的社会组织、阶级状况、等级制度、亲属关系，代表了中国古代早期王陵建设的最高水平，并为以后中国历代王朝所效仿，逐渐形成中国独具特色的陵寝制度.

殷墟王陵遗址位于洹河北岸侯家庄西北冈、武官村北地的高地上，与宫殿宗庙遗址隔河相望，是殷墟遗址重要的组成部分.自1934年起，这里共发掘12座王陵大墓(包括1座未完成大墓)、2，000余座陪葬墓和祭祀坑.其中，西区有8座4条墓道大墓，8座大墓分成4排，一南一北分列，最西为M1500、M1217，最东为M1001、M1550，位于中间东北部的为M1004，西北部为M1003、南部为M1002、居中位置为M1567;东区有5座大墓，其中4条墓道大墓1座，为M1400，2条墓道大墓3座，分别为M1443、M1129和50WGKM1(武官大墓)，1条墓道大墓1座，为M260.这些大型墓葬均为南北向，墓形呈“亞”字形、“中”字形、“甲”字形等，被学者认定为殷商后期的王陵.在王陵遗址的东区和西区，还分布着2，000余座小墓葬，其中东区已发掘1，383座，西区发掘104座.这些墓葬除少数为陪葬墓外，大多是祭祀坑，是商王祭祀先祖的遗迹.这些祭祀坑呈长方形、方形等，集中而又有规律地成组排列.坑内埋葬着数千具祭祀牺牲的遗骨，这些人牲大部分被砍杀，多为青壮年，还有女性和未成年的儿童，每坑8-10人不等.仅1976年发掘清理的191座祭祀坑就发现祭祀人牲1，178人，这些祭祀坑的存在成为商代残酷人祭制度的历史见证.这种以人祭、人殉等为代表的丧葬习俗，一直延续到春秋时期，并在秦汉时期演变为制作陶俑或木俑等殉葬的方式.

安阳殷墟遗址具有重要的文化价值.甲骨文的发现和殷墟发掘，确证了中国商王朝的存在，重新构建了中国古代早期历史的框架，使传统文献记载的商代历史成为信史.以宫殿宗庙建筑和王陵大墓为代表的商代建筑，树立了中国古代早期宫殿建筑和皇家墓葬的典范.在殷墟出土的15万片甲骨上，发现了目前中国文字体系最早的证据，至今仍为世界上四分之一的人口使用.以青铜器、玉器为代表的殷墟文物和以人祭、人殉、车马殉葬、兽祭等为代表的殷墟丧葬习俗，为商代晚期文化传统提供了独特的证据.1928年开始的殷墟考古发掘，是中国国家学术机构第一次全面负责、中国学者独立主持的考古发掘，培养了一批批的考古学者，殷墟也成为中国考古学的摇篮.殷墟重要的文化价值也得到了联合国教科文组织专业咨询机构——国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)的肯定.

近年来，殷墟仍不断有大量的重要发现，呈现出巨大的文化潜力.如1999年在传统殷墟遗址东部边缘发现洹北商城，面积达4.7平方公里，丰富了人们对殷墟认识;20__年在宫殿宗庙遗址发现M54墓，成为继妇好墓之后又一座完整的贵族墓葬;20__年在洹北商城内发现宫殿基址建筑群，是对商代宫殿建筑形制的又一重大发现;20__年在小屯村南路西段发现商代甲骨窖穴，成为继1936年YH127甲骨窖穴、1973年小屯南地甲骨窖穴和1991年花园庄东地甲骨窖穴之后的又一重大发现.这一系列的新发现表明，随着考古发掘和研究的深入，殷墟的文化内涵还将得到进一步丰富，也印证了中国著名考古学家夏鼐先生的论断:“殷墟不仅文物丰富，而且学术价值很高.它蕴藏的宝物，还远未罄竭.”

多年来，殷墟遗址在国家、河南省和安阳市各级政府的高度重视与积极措施下，坚持科学发展观，坚持“保护为主，抢救第一，合理利用，加强管理”的工作方针，先后颁布实施了《安阳市殷墟保护管理办法》、《河南省安阳殷墟保护管理条例》、《安阳殷墟保护总体规划》，逐步完善了法律法规建设，把殷墟保护工作纳入了法制化轨道.并相继成立了专业保护管理机构，负责遗址的文物保护、行政管理和游览服务，形成较为完备的保护和管理机制，有效保护了古代遗址的真实性和完整性.

从20__年4月，安阳殷墟正式启动申报世界文化遗产工作以来，已经走过了5年多的时间.5年多来，安阳市政府先后投入2亿多元巨资，编辑制作了申报文本及其2个补充资料，拆除各类建筑21万平方米，整修河道、道路20公里，绿化19.7万平方米，全面治理了殷墟周边环境.同时，综合运用多种方法，探索遗址的展示方法，既保护了深埋地下的遗迹，又取得了良好的展示效果，提高了文物遗址的可观赏性.特别是安阳市政府与中国社会科学院考古研究所合作，建造了集中收藏、保护、展示殷墟出土可移动文物的殷墟博物馆.博物馆投资3000万元，由安阳市政府承建，藏品由社科院考古所提供，双方共同管理博物馆的事务.这种中央单位与地方政府合作双赢的模式，有效解决了考古成果社会化、普及化的问题，取得了良好的经济和社会效益.通过这一系列的措施，把殷墟遗址打造成了具有较高质量、兼顾保护和展示的大遗址公园.

Yangshan, nine mountain jiuhua mountain called ling, for nine peaks shaped like a lotus, began years (742 ~ 756) renamed the jiuhua mountain. For the three big mountains of inclined column in the south of anhui (one of the huangshan mountain and jiuhua mountain, b). Located in chizhou anhui province county territory, on the other side of the Yangtze river and the tianzhu mountain in northwest, southeast of the huangshan taiping lake and the happiness, is a "two mountain lake" in anhui, huangshan mountain and jiuhuashan mountain, taiping lake) gold tourist area north of the main entrance, the main scenic spots. 120 kilometers, the total area of 120 square kilometers, the highest peak 1342 meters above sea level, the center of jiu hua street geographical coordinates for longitude 117 °, 30 ° latitude.

Jiuhua mountain main body is composed of yanshan period granite, give priority to with peak, valley basin, mix water fountain. Ermeishan mountain rocky cragginess, a total of 99 peaks, of which tiantai, sky column, ten Kings, lotus, lohan, esteems, lotus and other nine peaks are most magnificent. Ten wang feng, highest elevation 1342 meters. Mainly concentrated in 100 square kilometers, within the scope of the scenery has nine son springs sound stream, five mountains, sea of clouds, flat, snow lotus peak, tiantai xiao day, month ShuTan seal, MinYuan bamboo sea, phoenix ancient pine trees, etc. High mountain monastery, cigarette smoke, and ancient towering, quiet, witty, known as the "lotus buddhist," said. Existing temple, 78, Buddha more than 78. The temples of the famous sweet dew temple, temple city, only garden temple, an ancient name for sandalwood, centenarians palace, meditation room, Lin hui ju temple, such as collection of thousands of pieces of cultural relics. In the mountains and money tree, jingle birds, giant salamander and other rare animals and plants.

In the mountain under well, cloud above the table, the different shape of overlapping peaks, the number nine, so the number nine mountain. Began years great poet-saint Li Baiceng number of jiuhua mountain, see the mountain show, nine peaks such as lotus, want to sing with my friends in the "change son nine mountain jiuhua interference and preface of yue:" miao have two gas, lingshan jiu hua ", so "nine mountain" instead of "jiuhua mountain". Li Baiyin jiuhua did: "yesterday in jiujiang (Yangtze river), far out at nine huafeng, tianhe hangs green water, showing nine lotus. I would like to a wave of his hand, who can phase from? Jun as the host, the lie chamaecyparis pisifera." "Tianhe hangs green water, show nine lotus" verse be depicted of the beautiful scenery of the jiuhua mountain song.

Liu yuxi in tang dynasty mountain at the praise: "qifeng saw surprised soul", "naturally endowed a stunner. "A river of wang wei painting, stone for Li Baishi". Jiuhua mountain, around a deep ditch canyon, hang down deep pools, the water flowing waterfall, spectacular, just like a picture of a pure and fresh and natural landscape picture scroll. The view is it everywhere, people moving scene change, the qing dynasty summed up there are ten views "9". After the opening to the outside world, the new monarch eight scenic spots, hundreds of new attractions. Old and new attractions in photograph reflect, natural xiuse accommodation with human landscape, combined with the four seasons, when the scene, sunrise, sunset, sea of clouds, rime, snow, sleet, Buddhas light and other wonders, beautiful, amazing, linger. Known as "southeast first mountain", "jiangnan first mountain" of reputation.

女士们、先生们：今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，顾名思义，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自192019年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建，用了2019年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。