苏州博物馆英文导游词(通用20篇)

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India andthe Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province,the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobidesert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up anddown, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan MountainChains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--andtwo autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern Chinatogether.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall todefensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Chengof the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring Statesperiod in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin werefrequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan andYanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducalstates to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered theother states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection ofthese individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the presentgreat wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north ofthe Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruinthrough years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeedingdynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements andrenovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the MingDynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into twosections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The westpart is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In theeastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shellis reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preservedsections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijingand both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wideenough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures,peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoylesto drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built atapproximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower weredesigned for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storinggrain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quarteringgarrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top,is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". Theview from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour ofmountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge withdistant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicatemilitary information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers onthe Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approachof enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in thedaytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant placeswithin a few hour long before the invention of anything like moderncommunications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places ofstrategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguanand Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometersnorthwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass UnderHeaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neckconnecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a keyjunction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to theManchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and sosurrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation ofthe Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategicpass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history.Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains,it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di ofthe Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to thewestern regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. Thegate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. Ithas an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surroundedby a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, aneastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. thefour corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khanswept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a whitemarble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-StreetDagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the topof the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the YuanDaynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal archgateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendidimages of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividnessof their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandioserelics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancientChinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and thelanguage of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhismand ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only toChina but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and culturalarchitecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also theurban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significantsocial developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of suchhistorical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be soattractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCOas a world cultural heritage site.

10月13日，我和爸爸妈妈来到了珠海的圆明新园。圆明新园是仿照北京圆明园的原貌建设的。去年，我和妈妈去过北京的圆明园，所以一进圆明新园就知道是仿照的。刚进到圆明新园就看到了‘正大光明’殿，然后我们坐了观光车来到黄山的‘飞来石’，车停下来我们照了一张相片。‘飞来石’上面写着一个大大的红色的‘佛’字，‘佛’字的旁边还有一排排小经筒。随后我们到了‘琼华楼’，在这里有宫廷乐器和歌舞表演。舞台上有‘编钟’、琵琶、古筝和笛子，音乐非常优美，我听的如痴如醉，都忘鼓掌了。她们的歌舞很不错，配合的很好。车又把我们送到了‘西洋楼’。在这里我看到了著名的十二生肖，它们是‘兽头人身’。

按照鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇……顺序先右后左排列的，右边第一个是鼠，左边第一个是牛。它们会按照十二个时辰轮流喷水，起到报时的作用。然后，我们去‘万花阵’走迷宫。我和爸爸走同一条路进阵，妈妈走另一条进阵。我很快走出了迷宫，到迷宫中央的观花亭休息，听说，在夜晚，古代的皇帝和皇后都喜欢在‘观花亭’上观看举灯笼的宫女和太监走迷宫。穿过‘御花园’和水上乐园，我们来到了儿童乐园，坐了一会儿秋千。随后，我们又去坐了观景缆车，缆车把我们送到了山顶。我们在山顶上可以观赏到珠海的全景和澳门，还看见‘分界河’。最后我们又沿着福海走了一周，就回宾馆了。

今天好开心!

在戏台两侧的廊墙上，陈列着明清及至民国时期吴地名人书写的对联65幅，称为“吴中联墨宝鉴”，所选名人大都与木渎有关，而且都是书坛一代大家，有着极深的艺术造诣。廊内还陈列着近百件清代牌匾，固其多为重臣大吏、进士举人榜书题写，书法精美，风格各异，加上精心刻制，妙趣横生，极具收藏和欣赏审美价值。感兴趣的朋友可以尽情浏览一番，细细品尝玩味。

现在，我们来到了东园，这里原是明代李氏的小隐园，以老树奇石和竹林茂盛著称。乾隆初年，此园被徐士元购得，增筑厅堂四进，主要用于生活起居，又在后园中疏池开径，叠石栽花，成为一处精巧雅致的宅第园林，既可与古戏台娱乐区相连，又可自成一统，十分清静闲适。

这是轿厅，名为“离茨堂”，是当年徐士元迎客停轿的地方。“离茨”二字出自《离骚》，有“茨录施以盈室兮，判独离而不服”句，“茨录施”皆为恶草，徐士元将其借喻小人，告诫自己近君子，远小人，故以此为轿厅之名。

这是大厅，主人举办婚嫁喜事、祭祖典礼或招待贵宾的地方。中堂为《古木慈鸟图》。表达了徐士元对父母养育之恩的感激之情。两侧字画值得一读，其中这幅《春山访友》，是徐士元留存至今唯一的一首诗作，诗意清新脱俗，寄托了诗人幽居隐逸的情怀。另一首是《夜读山房》，作者谈汝龙也是木渎人，康熙南巡木渎的时候，谈汝龙作为木渎秀才，当面向康熙献诗一首，深得赏识，被钦取进京，入内庭任纂修，相当于现在的中央办公厅秘书。

到了清末，徐家日渐衰落，这座东园为陈家购得。陈家的外孙女沈寿从小在这里长大，随外祖母和姐姐沈立学习女红，用功不辍，终成一代“刺绣皇后”。这座楼厅就是当年沈寿的绣楼，名“雪宦楼”，如今，我们在这里布设了沈寿纪念馆，较为详细地介绍了沈寿的生平、艺术成就和获奖情况，感兴趣的朋友可以前往一看。

Sun yat-sens mausoleum friends, came to a famous historical and cultural city, you must want to see the most famous, the most distinctive local attractions. In nanjing, if did not go to sun yat-sens mausoleum, say that you see only the half of nanjing. Although nanjing, long known as "the six dynasties ancient capital", has "jinling 40 landscape" and so on numerous scenic spots and historical sites, but sun yat-sens mausoleum is undoubtedly one of the most attractive, one of the most famous.

Speak of sun yat-sens mausoleum, of course, to mention its owner - the great democratic revolutionary forerunner sun yat-sen in China. Mr. Sun name sun yat-sen,. Foreign friends all call him "Dr. Sun yat-sen". Because he is engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan when used pseudonym "zhongshan firewood", so he is regarded as sun yat-sen in China. Sun yat-sen was born on November 12, 1866 in xiangshan county (now zhongshan city) in guangdong province tsui a peasant family. He flew high and rare successively studied in Honolulu, Hong Kong and other places, to practice medicine in places such as guangzhou, Macao after graduation. He later medical politics, and in Japan in 1905, the organization to China union, had been pushing for the prime minister, put forward the "drive out by lu, to restore the, the establishment of the republic of China, the average land ownership" famous platform, and "nation, civil rights, the peoples livelihood" theory of the three peoples principles. On October 10, 1911 years after the outbreak of the wuchang uprising, Mr. Sun was seventeen provinces representatives elected the provisional President of the republic of China, and the following year New Years day was sworn into office in nanjing. Since then, has experienced the "yuan shikai mean" "second revolution" "nation sports" such as "the movement to protect the" ups and downs, in guangzhou in 1921, he became very President of the republic of China. A Chinese nationalist party (KMT) in guangzhou in January 1924 the first national congress, he will develop the old three peoples principles for the new three peoples principles, put forward the "which was allied with Russia the peasants" of the three policy. In November the same year he came at the invitation of the feng yuxiang north discuss national plans, eventually because became ill because of overwork, died in Beijing on March 12, 1925.

Sun yat-sens mausoleum burial site is Mr. Sun was selected. This vision, meteorological ambitious, indeed is a good place to build mausoleum. You may ask; Mr. Sun was born in guangdong, died in Beijing, all his life to travel around for the revolution, why choose nanjing as a final resting place?

It is said that as early as in 1912 as temporary President Mr. Sun, soul valley temple abbot monk is has been recommended to him the "would in the former, with green ailian" feng shui treasure. That year on March 31, Mr Zhongshan for the peaceful reunification, resolutely resigned from the presidency. One day in early April, his hunting around with hu and others to the Ming tomb, came to rest now tomb is located. Mr. Sun looked around and said to the left and right sides, after the death of my future want to the land to bury the national obtained (national begging for me after I died someday, to be a pile of soil in place for body). The purple mountain, of course, the momentum of feng shui is not Mr. Sun as the root cause of this decision. Mr Sun last asked: "after my death, can be buried in nanjing zijin foothills, for nanjing interim government was established, so dont forget the xinhai revolution." So, although Mr Sun in nanjing residence time is not long, but nanjing is has special significance for Mr. Sun. He chose nanjing purple mountain as a burial site, fundamentally speaking, is to commemorate the revolution, the revolution colleagues.

To respect Mr Suns wishes, made up of people of lady soong ching ling, sun fo field at Chinese Taiwan, Dr. Sun yat-sen was buried things choose good ling addresses, delimit to repair the tomb of 20xx mu, and publicizing award, solicitation mausoleum design scheme. In many candidates, bell pattern of young architects Lv Yanzhi design was awarded the first prize, he himself has been hired to host all project. On March 12, 1926, Mr. Suns death, the first anniversary of the foundation stone laying ceremony was held. Lasted more than three years, cost 1.5 million silver dollar, sun yat-sens mausoleum was completed in the spring of 1929. Sadly, study in the United States, talented young architects Lv Yanzhi, in the process of host JianLing, exert all his efforts and unfortunately as suffering from cancer of the liver and Mr. Sun, near the end of the project, died just 35 years old. Held on June 1, 1929 manusoleum, Mr. Suns body from Beijing to nanjing. From then on, more than 60 years, Mr. Sun has been buried here.

Sun yat-sens mausoleum built can be said to be a great event in the history of nanjing. That year in order to meet Mr. Sun spirit pivot, nanjing west, built the first asphalt road -- zhongshan port, east to zhongshan gate, 24 in zhongshan road. Until today, zhongshan road is still one of the main artery of nanjing. And renovation renovation in the Ming dynasty the gates dajie, and was renamed zhongshan gate. Between zhongshan gate to sun yat-sens mausoleum was built a lingyuan road. As the house in Paris a person with wonderful avenue for pride, people are proud to fifth avenue in New York, nanjing people about their city is the most beautiful boulevard. And this article 3 kilometers of lingyuan road which is the best representative of the nanjing avenue undoubtedly. On both sides of the "green corridor", the main trees planted with nanjing - ng. People called it the French phoenix tree, but back up, it is our "special local product of China. Because French people from yunnan it transplanted into Shanghai French concession, only got such a TuYangJieGe name now.

Driving the car out of the scene, along the lingyuan road, half moon square before the ends, sun yat-sens mausoleum. Everyone please look toward the south, square south is an octagonal stone stage. On the statue of binaural baoding three feet of red copper, weighs 5000 kg, 4.25 meters high, abdominal diameter 1.23 meters, is one of the tomb memorial decoration. The tripod cast in autumn 1933, donated by zhongshan university in guangzhou and tai chi-tao wrote all the teachers and students. Ding side cast a "wisdom, kernel, brave," three words, is zhongshan university school motto. Ding ShuYou within a hexagonal bronze, engraved with calligraphy xiao ", the full text.

With the order by the square, right against the face is a four jacaranda three que door to the type of stone arch. This monument was built in the 1931 ~ 1933, 12 meters high, 17.3 meters wide. Built alleys and using all of these large fujian granite, but the Chinese traditional timber structure form. Everybody looked up and can see fang forehead midline glittering "fraternity" two words. This two word is the script of Mr. Sun, original from tang han yus "the way" "love to benevolence" a word. It is said that Mr. Suns favorite topic this two word away. Mr. Sun life dedicated to the bourgeois democratic revolution in the spirit of great love, strive for national independence and freedom, to say "love" the word is highly generalization and the best portrayal of his life.

By love fang going forward, it is a long 480 meters, the pyramid-shaped mound tens of meters wide. Sun yat-sens mausoleum of the overall design, outstanding traditional Chinese style, solemn and unique. In order to reflect the noble of Mr. Sun, sun yat-sens mausoleum used the ancient mountain for ling practice, will build the elevation 160 meters rooms full ling peak. In addition, the construction of land vegetation of axisymmetric, give a person the sense with statutes and solemn. Please look forward, toward the north slope, in turn have a mausoleum doors, pavilion, after the kiosk of trajan and the kiosk of trajans burial chamber construction, etc. The pyramid-shaped mound on both sides of the cedar, Sabina chinensis, two two relatively gingko, red maple, instead of the ancient penchant for stone golem, a symbol of the suns revolutionary spirit and noble quality. Cedar is the worlds four big freshman ornamental tree species, has now become a nanjing city were made.

In the end is the platform. According to the design of Lv Yanzhi, the mausoleum plane for "MuDuo" form. Priests, is usually we say big bell. In ancient times it was announced to make laws and war of church and state. Hear the sound of the priests, and spread very far, there are "make the world all of" inter-cultural. Tomb to choose such a scheme, let a person cant help but think of Mr. Sun. "the revolution has not yet been successful, comrades still need efforts", its purpose is to posterity. Here was the Lv Yanzhi design platform of square edge of "liberty bell". The magnificent three arches, is a land of official start. It is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide, 8.8 meters deep, is also made of granite in fujian. On banners in the door is sun yat-sen calligraphy "for" all over the world, from the "rites. LiYun" in the "road trip, for" all over the world, which mean the state power is not one of the world, but the world is in the world, the citizens of the world. This is Mr. Sun life ideal, he also advocated a great annotations to the three peoples principles.

The mausoleum doors is on display. Pavilion in the middle of the 9 meters high giant monument, engraved with the KMT elders tan yankai calligraphy of "Chinese nationalist party (KMT) was prime minister Mr. Sun in the June 1, in the eighteenth year of the republic of China" 24 distillation gold ous characters. When discussing the erection plan written by wang ching-wei, hu hanmin, respectively, inscriptions, epitaph, etc. Can be spent two years also didnt write. Everyone thinks Mr Ideological achievements are beyond the general text, so just dont write inscriptions, and in the form of use now.

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to Beijing. Im your guide.

Prince Gongs house garden is a unique garden located behind Prince Gongshouse, also known as cuijin garden. It is located at No.14, Liuyin street. Itwas built in 1777. According to research, it was rebuilt on the old garden ofMing Dynasty. The park covers an area of 28000 square meters, with 31 ancientbuildings. Prince Gong has skilled craftsmen in the garden to rebuild thegarden, adding mountains and woods, colorful paintings, integrating thelandscape architecture of the South China and the northern architecture. It is agarden for the western architecture and Chinese classical gardens. After itscompletion, it was the crown of the hundred imperial palace of Beijing. It isthe essence of the existing art of Wang Fu in the city of Beijing, and it can becalled the Pearl of the Shichahai. Among them, the western gate in the garden,the stele with the word "Fu" in Yushu, and the indoor theater building are alsoknown as the "three wonders" of Prince Gongs mansion. Some scholars believethat this garden may be the prototype of the Grand View Garden in a dream of RedMansions written by Cao Xueqin.

Wangfu is the largest and best preserved palace of Qing Dynasty in Beijing.It is located at No.17 Qianhai West Street, northwest of Shichahai. It is now akey cultural relic protection unit in China. Prince Gongs mansion was built atthe end of the 18th century. In the early period of the reign of EmperorQianlong, it was the residence of a bachelor named Helian. In the fourth year ofJiaqing (1799 AD), Helian was convicted, and the residence was confiscated andgiven to Prince Qing. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851 AD), it was given toPrince Gong, Aixinjueluo?.

In Qing Dynasty, there were strict regulations in the royal residence,which stipulated that the princes residence had five main gates, seven mainhalls, five back halls, seven back bedrooms, and a side hall on the left andright. However, many royal palaces have gone through many vicissitudes and havelong been beyond recognition. Only Prince Gongs mansion is the most completeand well decorated Qing Dynasty royal mansion in Beijing. Mr. Hou Renzhi, afamous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of the history of QingDynasty".

Prince Gongs residence is divided into three parallel roads, East, middleand West. It is the largest courtyard in the world. The three buildings on themiddle road are the main body of the mansion. The first is the main hall, thesecond is the back hall, and the third is the extension building. The extensionbuilding is 160 meters long from east to west and has more than 40 houses. Thereare three courtyards on East Road and West Road respectively, which echo thebuildings on middle road. The last part of the palace is the garden, with morethan 20 different scenic spots.

The garden of Prince Gongs mansion has both central axis and symmetry. Thewhole garden is divided into middle road, East Road and West Road, forming anumber of courtyards. On the central axis are Yuanmen, feilaifeng, bat pool,anshantang, Fangchi, rockery, Yuetai, lvtianxiaoyin and bat hall. The buildingson the middle road are basically symmetrical with the mountains and waters,while the East and West roads are only symmetrical with the mountains andbuildings. The whole garden is surrounded by six mountain Dragons: two mountainsin the south, East and West, and one mountain in the back of the middleroad.

The east road is mainly built. In the East, there are two mountains runningnorth and south, each turning into a enclosure in the southeast and northeast.The building is divided into three small courtyards. In the south, it is closeto the east courtyard. Looking up, there is an exquisite vertical flower gate.Inside, there is a long and narrow courtyard. Bamboo was planted in thecourtyard. The main hall is behind the Grand Theater, the west chamber is behindthe middle road Mingdao hall, the East chamber is a row of wing rooms, and thewest chamber is another long and narrow courtyard. At the entrance of the mooncave gate, he said, "sing the fragrance and drink the moon.". On the north sideis the main building of East Road, the grand theater building, which is a smalltheater with an area of 685 square meters. There are front hall, auditorium,stage, acting room, etc. in the theater, the decoration is luxurious, and it isthe viewing place of the palace.

The west road is dominated by mountains and rivers. The beginning of thewest road is from Feilai peak to the west, and at the south end is a majesticpass between the two mountains. The name of the pass is Yuguan, which is theShanhaiguan Pass of the Great Wall. It is the symbol of the great wall and isknown as the first pass in the world. At that time, the emperor of the QingDynasty entered the pass from then on. Setting this pass in the garden is enoughto show that the garden owner does not forget the great achievements of the QingDynasty when he came to the Central Plains from Shanhaiguan. Before Yuguan,there is dafangchi, the center of the west road. In the southeast corner of thedafangchi, there is a small stream, which is connected with Fuhe River in theEast. In the dafangchi, there is a square island with a fish watching platform,which is used to describe Zhuangzis allusion to the joy of watching fish onHaoshang. In the west of the pond is Xishan. In front of the pond, there arefive hall houses. The chaoshou corridor in the East is connected with the curvedcorridor in the middle road.

The theme of the garden is obvious. There are some new ideas in mountainenclosure and Yuguan Xiongshi, but there are many buildings in the East, and theenclosure of curved corridor in the middle is not organic enough, especially thewater management is poor. From the perspective of rockfill, architecture, plantsand pattern, it still has the characteristics of northern garden.

Prince Gongs residence is located on the North Bank of Shichahai. It isthe largest courtyard in the world and the most complete one among more than 60Qing Dynasty palaces in Beijing today. It is divided into parallel East, middleand West roads. The three buildings on the middle road are the main body of themansion, one is the main hall, the other is the back hall, and the third is theextension building. Yanlou is 160 meters long from east to west and has morethan 40 houses. East Road and West Road each have three courtyards, which echothe middle road. The last part of the palace is the garden, and more than 20scenic spots are different.

Prince Gongs residence is the residence of Prince Gong Zhong, the sixthson of Emperor Daoguang of Qing Dynasty. It was formerly the residence ofQianlongs Bachelor and arsenic. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), he wasconvicted, and his residence became an official. Emperor Jiaqing gave part of itto his younger brother, Prince Qingfu yongp, as the palace of Prince Qingfu.Later, Xianfeng city took back King Qings residence and gave it to his youngerbrother Yiyi as Prince Gongs residence. During the reign of Xianfeng andTongzhi, it was renovated and a garden was built behind the mansion.

Because Prince Gongs mansion has some scenery described in a dream of RedMansions, it is said that the garden of Prince Gongs mansion is the blueprintof Grand View Garden. However, many people put forward different opinions.

Yi Chu, the owner of the palace, is a first-class aristocrat. Therefore,his mansion is not only spacious, but also has the highest standard ofarchitecture, which shows its insurmountable level. The obvious signs are thefacade and the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms,five back rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room. There must be no more royalmansions than these. The form of the house and the color of the tiles cannot bereplaced.

The former owner of Prince Gongs mansion was Prime Minister Hekun. TheQingyi hall he built imitated the emperors ningshou palace. When the emperor"bestowed a gift and ordered him to commit suicide", this was one of thecrimes.

The building of Prince Gongs mansion can be divided into two parts: themansion and the garden. Covering an area of 46.5 mu, the mansion is divided intothree roads, East and West, each of which is composed of multi entrancequadrangles, surrounded by a two-story back cover building with a length of morethan 160 meters. At the back of the building is a garden, covering an area of38.6 mu. The buildings in the garden also form three roads, i.e. the East-WestRoad, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the East-WestRoad, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the West-WestRoad, the West-West Road, the West.

In the front of the middle road are the gate with 3 rooms in width and thetwo gates with 5 rooms in width. In the gate, the original main hall, yinanhall, has been destroyed, and the existing rear hall, namely Jiale hall; theeast road is composed of three entrance courtyard, which is the living room ofPrince Gong Yizhe; the main room of the west road is xijinzhai, which has aGrand Courtyard and a grand style. After the third road courtyard, there aremore than 40 two-story back buildings with a length of 160 meters from east towest, namely Zhanwu building in the East and Baoyue building in the West. Thegarden behind the building is Pingjin garden, commonly known as Gongwangfugarden, covering an area of 28000 square meters. The buildings in the park aredivided into three roads: the Middle East, the Middle East and the west, andthere are also some axes. There are scattered rockeries, pavilions andpavilions, and flowers and trees in the pool. The main buildings are scorpionhall, inviting platform, grand stage, qinqiu Pavilion, etc.

中国客家博物馆，位于广东省梅州市，是中国国内唯一收藏、研究、展示、传承客家文化的专题博物馆，是国内唯一代表客家历史文物和民俗文物研究成果及研究方向的场所，是中华汉民族诸多民系中唯一的民系文化专题博物馆。-由主馆中国客家博物馆和分馆黄遵宪纪念馆、梅州大学校长馆、梅州将军馆组成。主馆占地面积5984.7平方米，建筑面积1.2万平方米。馆内设有固定陈列《客家人》主题展览，以“客从何来”、“客家风情”、“地标围屋”、“人文秀区”、“客家腾飞”五部分展陈客家渊源、客家风俗、客家民居、客家文化、客家精神等内容，向世人传播、展示客家积淀深厚的历史文化底蕴。

中国客家博物馆主馆建筑面积达9000多平方米，展厅面积达8000多平方米;加上主馆东西两座面积分别为上千平方米的客家古民居改建的《梅州将军馆》和《梅州大学校长馆》，组成了广东省第一个客家博物馆。

客家民居是中国五大民居之一，客家人创造的圆形土楼、四方土楼和围龙屋堪称客家民居的代表之作。在“地标围屋”展厅可看到，从老民居中拆下、重达数千斤的木梁架被摆进了展厅，与客家人建房用石灰、黄泥、糯米饭夯成的三合土墙实物相映成趣;而作为梅州古民居的经典、大埔县的“泰安楼”的门楼则被原汁原味复制在展厅外墙;由兴宁乡村建筑师制作的巨大的三围围龙屋模型，也摆上了展厅。

客家人文“月光光，秀才娘;骑白马，过莲塘……”传说清末著名诗人黄遵宪晚年退居“人境庐”，还念念不忘这首广为流传的客家童谣。如今在中国客家博物馆，人们不仅可以亲耳听到孩子们念诵歌谣的声音，还能通过数字控制选播，用梅县区、兴宁、蕉岭、平远、河源、连平、龙川、揭西等不同口音演绎的客家山歌、童谣。生动逼真、制作细腻、没有过多的图片和文字说明版面，配以明暗变化适宜的灯光、声像，让观众大有身临其境的感觉。

在“客从何来”展厅，记者还看见了一本特殊的数码影册族谱，大家不需要与这本“族谱”近距离接触，只须用手在悬空的上方做翻书的动作，轻轻挥动一下手臂，“族谱”就会乖巧地一页一页翻开，帮助参观者找到自己姓氏的由来和渊源，获得认同感与满足感。

今天，学校组织我们去参观天津塘沽海洋馆和奥林匹克博物馆。

我们坐了一个小时的大客车到达海洋馆。下了车，我的心情非常激动，因为这是我头一次看海洋动物，以前我只是在电视里看它们。海洋馆很大很大，它是一个梯形的建筑物，外墙涂着深蓝色，正中间刻着一只天蓝色的小海豚，非常可爱。我们走进海洋馆，看到许多鱼、海豚、海狮、海象、黄海马、刺刺球、北极狐、北极狼和北极熊……。然后，老师还带我们去看海豚和海狮表演了。海豚好像一位艺术家，会唱歌、会跳舞，还能听懂我们说的话，太神奇了!海狮好像一个杂技师，它会套圈和顶球，非常活泼。我最喜欢北极熊了，满身雪白毛绒绒的，真像我的毛绒玩具，太想领一只回家，陪我玩。

看完了海洋馆，我们又去参观奥林匹克博物馆，在那里我看到许多纪念品、许多雕像和七个奥运福娃。到了下午，我们开开心心地回家了。

塘沽博物馆位于中心路南端的河滨公园与海河临界处，建筑面积7700平方米，展陈面积5000平方米，其建筑外形南高北低，平面呈橄榄形。博物馆由序厅、东厅、西厅三部分构成，陈列共分六大主题，分别是追溯塘沽海岸形成地理地貌的“沧海桑田”;再现塘沽盐业发展脉络的“盐兴漕畅”;已辟为红色旅游走廊的“海门古塞”;反映近代民族工业兴衰的“工业兴邦”;表现新中国初创的“沽口曙光”;展示近年来塘沽区飞速发展的“明珠璀璨”。采用博物馆与纪念馆、传统与现代手段相融合的陈列方式，展现了塘沽自宋代成陆至今800多年的历史变迁和风土人情。

步入博物馆东厅，牡蛎堤、贝壳礁、先民最早居住的草屋、海洋产品、农耕工具及农产品、采盐业等实物和场景模型，向人们诉说着塘沽沧海变桑田的历史。十一世纪中后期50十年间，黄河三次改道，夺海河入海，先后共行水62年，浊水所经即为平陆，具有惊人的造陆能力，海岸线平均以三年一千米的速度向大海推进。至1120xx年，塘沽退海而陆成。元初，来自周边地区的移民定居塘沽，以捕鱼和煮盐为生，开始创造塘沽地区的初始文明，成为第一批开拓者。

Package park formerly hatosy park, located in the south ring road of hefei old one ring, wuhu road need riverfront. Park is mainly composed of bao temple, cemetery of the wind pavilion, zhuang, etc. Dominated by the most authoritative, the most detailed historical data display, cultural relics exhibition and figure show to the world of the born and bred, in KaiFengFu etiquette bao of an emperor of the song dynasty, to be honest and clean, not afraid of power, law enforcement and stalwart, impartial and incorruptible personality charm. To commemorate the one thousand anniversary of baogong involved in hatosy park to planning and construction on the basis of the original culture of baogong involved, hereinafter referred to as "package park", in addition to the bao temple, cemetery, also a new sky court, bao memorial, benediction, such as square, the water fountain.

The entire scenic area solemn and beautiful environment; The water ripples, yacht ripples; Weeping willows on both sides of the Chinese Taiwan and JiaMu luxuriantly green, it is a good place for people to pay their respects sages, ornamental tour. Hatosy park because bao temple, cemetery and is famous for its cool breeze pavilion.

Legend hatosy lotus root is not silk, hatosy due to water pollution, however, havent see out of the lotus root. Hatosy park as the representative of the historical and cultural landscape in the ring park, belong to the important a ring park, covers an area of 30.5 hectares, including the water 15 hectares. Its basic flat terrain in southern, northern due to break down the original city, so by huancheng south road on the waterfront in slope topography distribution.

Package scenic park has built-in bao temple, cemetery wind pavilion, zhuang, etc. Hatosy green willows along lines, pu lotus, handle hatosy rippling in the middle, there is a long and narrow island, lush green trees into the shadow of knife, argue HuaMuJi doo-yan, with a piece of bamboo shade, looming a white wall park, simple and elegant antique buildings, is one of the famous scenic spots and historical sites of the hefei - BaoXiaoSu male shrine. Bao, min, word ren (999-1062), northern song dynasty yu, hefei LuZhou (now anhui) person. Saint five years (1027), zheng jinshi and, by the court appointed integrated magistrate of a county.

Because of its high parents in weak, need to serve, no any longer serve. Xie parents, just as long county magistrate of a county. Afterwards BaoZhengRen DuanZhou (zhaoqing) know what county, "DE bao on sung history biography" said it "has a good government", get promoted three years later, after successive monitoring platform, three division of the judge; Jingdong, shaanxi, hebei road transport; Three department agreement, know about the court; Ying states, yangzhou, LuZhou, chizhou, jiangning, KaiFengFu magistrate and three department, finally, a council officer to agreement and pawn, confer posthumously does history. In bao bao temple was built in Ming jiajing years reading channel fragrant flower piers built at a young age, bao temple main hall sits eight feet tall statue of baogong involved, dynasty, mahan, get, yan-fang stand on both sides, and there are three Zha bibcock, tiger, dog; Both sides wing cemetery unearthed cultural relics on display package, including the family precepts and exhibits such as pao family tree. Temple east hexagonal pavilion has a well, legend corrupt officials drank Wells have a headache, so the name "CV 23". Hatosy southeast covers an area of 3 hectares of conifers, is the cemetery bao and his wife and children.

各位游客大家好!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和珅的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公，恭王府导游词。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和珅曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和珅野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和珅想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和珅就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和珅的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和珅家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和珅家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和珅等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和珅的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和珅最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和珅会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和珅说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个 “福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和珅。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和珅还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和珅太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

恭王府概述

亲爱的朋友，欢迎您使用古游网的导游服务：

王府文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分，是连接宫廷文化和平民文化的桥梁，位于北京西城区前海西街的恭王府，是中国现存王府中保存最完整的清代王府，是全国重点文物保护单位，它代表着中国的王府文化。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三，太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆皇帝就褫夺了和珅军机大臣和九门提督两职，抄了其全家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则归了“爱豪宅不爱江山”的嘉庆胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁给和珅儿子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。 “一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学聚财的说法。新中国十大元帅和郭沫若等人，均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是恭王府附近，这个地方是一块风水宝地。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，将三件未做完的事情托付给谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

王府占地约3.1万平方米，分为中、东、西三路建筑，由严格的轴线贯穿着的、多进四合院落组成。王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝殿七间，左右有配殿。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑规模也是王府中最高的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是我们要游览的主要区域。

现在就请您跟随我们的讲解，游览一下这历尽苍桑、重现世人的恭王府吧。

门外院落

首先给您介绍一下王府主体院落之外的部分。在府邸大门外并列有东西两组院落。

西侧一组院落在三间正门两侧开有两座罩子门通向东、西两路院落，门的前方纵列着四排房屋，每排房屋当中各有一座阿思门，东边的阿思门外有一座影壁。

西侧院落南边沿围墙有两排倒座房，是王府的办事机构用房：前排东侧为回事处、随侍处，中间为管事处，西侧为佐领处、档子房、管领处、庄园处、置办处等，后排为粮仓房;两排倒座之间有东房一排，为裁房、厨房、水屋等。

东侧一组院落中南边沿围墙也有一排倒座房，为王府的兵房，驻有护卫王府的旗兵十余名;北边有一组四合院落，据说载滢回府时在此居住。

当时王府的总出入门就开在东侧院落的东墙上。

好了，下面我们将按照由中路入东路，转中路进西路最后到达后罩楼的顺序带领您转转这重新修缮的恭王府。

正门

中路有正门两重，均朝南。现在您要走入的是恭王府府邸的正门，大门面阔三开间，外置石狮子一对，石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩有12排，代表亲王的爵位。

经过这中路的第一个小院，接下来您还需走过这面阔5间的二门，才能进入王府的中心区域。二门内是正殿及东西配殿，其后为后殿及东西配殿。

向里走您马上会看到的是修复后的银安殿。

银安殿

银安殿俗呼银銮殿，是恭王府最主要的建筑。它作为王府的正殿，只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁。现在经过修复，虽不能与原来的完全一样，但还是能让您体会到它的宏伟与庄重，感受到它的神韵。

现在让我们先去游览一下东路的主要建筑。下一个景点是多福轩。

05多福轩

多福轩采用小五架梁式的明代建筑风格。这里是奕?的会客处，保存着一些漂亮的凤凰彩绘，因其内部悬挂许多“福寿匾”而得名。多福轩内6个书架4个多宝格每个都是4米多高，全是用楠木复原的。

轩前院子内有古藤萝一架，被称为“藤莹架”，据考已生长200多年，在北京是不多见的。因此这个院子又被称为“藤萝院”。

绕过多福轩，您将进入东路的最后一个院子，看到后院的正厅乐道堂。

乐道堂及嘉乐堂

这里恭亲王奕忻起居的地方。奕?为皇子时，道光帝曾赐“乐道堂”匾额一方，此堂因此得名。

东路游览完了，现在请您向西走，去参观中路后院的嘉乐堂。

嘉乐堂五开间、硬山顶、前出廊，是和珅时期的建筑，悬挂“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无从证实。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。这就印证了民间对于王府内有座神殿的传说。

看过了银安殿和嘉乐堂，想必您已经发现了，这中轴线上建筑物的屋顶都用绿琉璃瓦、脊吻兽，而配殿屋皆用灰筒瓦。

车行前方就是古墓博物馆了 现在我向大家讲一下参观时的注意事项：

1 参观时不允许带照相机 摄像机和箱包一类的东西，大家可以把东西放在车上，司机师傅会精心看管好大家的东西

2 如果有人想购买纪念品，请在参观结束后购买 一是进去时时间紧张，大家难以精心挑选，二来携带东西参观也不方便 请大家放心，参观结束后我会给大家留出时间，让大家细心挑选

3 因为有些墓室，尤其是墓门比较低，地面也比较黑，所以参观时请大家不光要留意脚下，还要特别注意头顶 如果不留神，可能就会出现 头破血流 的场面 所以请大家务必留神注意 现在，请大家下车，跟我一同参观

1 烧沟西汉壁画墓：这座墓位于洛阳金谷园车站以东 烧沟村以南，五十年代初发现，1957年发掘，1986年搬迁到古墓博物馆 此墓为洞穴砖室，除墓道外，分主室和耳室，主室用特制空心砖装配，耳室用小砖和楔形小砖并列券成 该墓内彩绘壁画内容包括 神虎噬旱魃 二桃杀三士 鸿门宴 等神话传说和历史故事，另外还有日 月 星象图，以及和壁画结合为一体的羊头雕塑，还有反映乘龙升仙的透雕画像砖，在国内外美术界和文物考古界有比较大的影响 神虎噬旱魃 壁画位于墓门背后 其左半部用淡墨画树一株，枝干弯曲，叶呈红色，树梢间有黑色飞鸟，似不敢停留 树上搭一件红色衣服，树下一猛虎按住一名裸女，虎口咬其左肩，虎爪抓其头部 裸女的长发缠绕在树干上，右臂上伸，作挣扎状 画面上的裸女就是旱魃 红衣 红树梢和乱飞的鸟，象征大旱时象火烧一样的情况 在自然灾害中旱灾所影响的面积比其它灾害要大，神虎噬旱魃，反映了当时人们除魃消旱的心愿和对风调雨顺的盼望 另外画面正中偏上处有一高浮雕羊头，象征吉祥 旱情解除，就可谓吉祥如意了 二桃杀三士 壁画位于墓室中部隔墙横梁上 晏子春秋 中有一则故事：春秋时齐国的 公孙接 田开疆 古冶子事景公，以勇于搏虎闻 但他们三人恃勇居功，目无名相晏婴 于是，晏婴劝说景公：他们 上无君臣之义，下无长率之伦，内不以禁暴，外不可威敌，此危国之器也，不若去之 晏婴用两个桃子设计，使之 计功而食桃 ，结果三士在经过一番激烈争论后，在所谓的 仁 义 思想支配下，皆扶剑自刎 整个壁画几乎没有背景，其着重点主要放在11个人物的描绘上 11个人物按情节可分为三组，右侧一组为三士，都束发，穿宽袖袍服 最右边两人昂首相对，一位抽剑，一位按剑，画面意思是指 取桃不让，是贪也 然而不死，无勇也 的公孙接和田开疆 他们二人 皆反其桃，挈领而死 俯身就几者为古冶子，他见二人自杀，就说： 二子死之，冶独生之，不仁 耻人以言夸其声，不义 恨乎所行，不死，无勇 ，因而 亦反其桃，挈领而死 整个画面所选择的瞬间，都是事件刚刚发生的时刻，给观者留下联想的余地 中间一组五人，居中为景公，左右各有二侍卫，右侧一侍卫跪在地上，似乎在禀告 已死矣 整幅壁画不仅在情节上连贯呼应，而且也避免了画面人物布局的呆板 幕后室的后壁上绘有 鸿门宴图 背景为起伏的山峦，正中画8个人物 居中席地而坐 侧身对饮者为刘邦与项羽 项羽居右，右手执杯，上身前倾作劝酒状 刘邦居左，上身亦前倾，注视着项羽举止 项羽右侧二人庖厨，背后悬钩上挂有大块牛肉和牛头 刘邦左侧 两腿分跨 目视项庄者，就是项伯，他有意在掩护刘邦 画面左边手握利剑 张牙舞爪者，便是项庄，他在依照范增的授意，以席前舞剑助兴为名，伺机刺杀刘邦 这便是 项庄舞剑，意在沛公 这幅壁画在有限的空间中，将这一富有传奇故事性的复杂情节集中表现出来，并且充满了紧张而热烈的气氛，一个个人物不同的心理状况跃然而出 这座墓是夫妇合葬墓 墓顶是用空心砖连接成的一条长方形平顶 墓前室顶脊由12块长方砖构成，彩绘日 月 星象图 这是古墓葬 上具天文，下具地理 的实例

2 西汉卜千秋壁画墓：是1976年发现的一座西汉壁画墓 因为在该墓的随葬物中由一枚铜制印章，上面阴刻有 卜千秋印 四字，故知墓主人叫卜千秋 该墓除墓道外由主室和左右耳室组成 从其建筑深邃坚固 结构工巧 随葬物品以及壁画内容来看，当为一个郡级官吏的墓穴 整个墓葬全部采用空心砖结构所筑，主室则由特制的空心砖装配而成 壁画分别绘制在墓室门额 主室顶部和主室后山墙上 从内容看，该墓壁画可分为两大部分：第一部分为打鬼图 在主室后山墙正中画一个猪头大耳 熊面的怪兽，赤膊裸足，身穿紫衣红裙，二目圆睁注视墓门，正张牙舞爪作驱赶捉拿状，奋力将墓圹冥府的鬼怪全部从里向外赶出，怪兽之下左绘青龙，右绘白虎 据考证此图所画为 方相氏 ，即古代举行傩戏仪式时打鬼的首领 在举行大丧时， 方相氏 先在灵柩前驱疫，然后进入墓室 以戈击四隅 ，逐除地下恶鬼 这与壁画内容相吻合 方相氏下边所绘的青龙 白虎则是为了避邪，同时也是为打鬼助威 第二部分是墓主人卜千秋夫妇升仙图 升仙图从前至后依次为女娲 月亮 持节方士 二青龙 二枭羊 朱雀 白虎 仙女 奔兔 猎犬 蟾蜍 卜千秋夫妇 伏羲 太阳 黄蛇等人神鸟兽的形象 在整个画面的近两端处画有日月，而且日中有飞鸟，月中有蟾蜍 桂树 这两个内容，充分说明了早在我国西汉时期，就广泛流传着嫦娥奔月这个神奇而美妙动人的神话传说 在图中日月的两侧分别画有伏羲和女娲，都是人首蛇身，二者的面容绘制较为逼真清秀，与古书所记载的 伏羲鳞身 女娲蛇躯 基本符合 在我国古代有这样一个传说：伏羲原是以凤凰为图腾的东方夷族部落的酋长，后与女娲结为夫妇，成为人类的始祖 这种传说在很大程度上暗示了夷夏两大部落之间融合的历史进程，因此在以后的石刻 绘画艺术中，人们往往将二者有意无意地绘制成交尾形象，用其来代表人类的繁衍生息 卜千秋夫妇绘制在伏羲的一侧，女在上，男在下 妇骑赤色三头凤，手捧三足鸟，双目紧闭，凌空飞行，夫乘一龙，状如一舟，手持弓，闭目，前有一兔，后随奔狗，旁有一蟾蜍，均为云中飞奔状 显而易见，这里反映的是卜千秋夫妇乘龙凤飞往仙境的场面 另外在主室的内门额上还绘有一幅人首鸟身像 此像中人首长发髻，两缕黑发下垂髻角，两长耳平伸，舞动双翅立于山岳之上 这里画的就是仙人王子乔 从此图的位置和室顶平脊上的升仙图相互联系起来看，恰好达到了 千里乘龙，至此结穴 的效果，说明墓主人最终也成了神仙

3 曹魏正始八年墓：该墓于1956年被发掘清理 全墓由前室 后室 耳室 甬道和墓道等部分组成 因该墓曾被盗扰，墓内器物已乱，只有两耳室内器物保存较完好 出土文物以陶器为主，器形有罐 盘 灯 俑 井 磨 灶 碗 鸡 猪 猪圈等48件，铜器有锅 博山炉等5件，铁器有帷帐架 灯等共10件，另外还有玉杯1个 玉杯高13厘米，口径5厘米，白色，制作精致，表面十分光滑，是罕见的古代艺术品 帷帐架是以圆铁棒制成三柱和四柱的拐角形状，三柱形的有四个，各柱成90度直角，另外四个有四柱，其间以木柱连接，即成为长方形的架子，四周以布维之，就成一个完整的帷帐 这为考证汉魏时的帷帐形制和制作方法提供了重要的实物资料 其中一件管状组件上刻有 正始八年八月 等铭文，又为该墓的绝对年代提供了依据

4 唐安菩夫妇墓：1981年发掘清理 墓葬由墓道 墓门 甬道 墓室四部分组成 墓中出土器物非常多，依质料可分为三彩器 单釉器 陶 瓷器 金 铜 玛瑙器及石刻等类 三彩器形制较大，造型优美 主要器形有文武吏 天王俑 镇墓兽 马 骆驼 牵马俑 牵驼俑 骑马俑等 这批三彩器不仅胎质坚硬，施釉均匀，色彩鲜艳，具有较高的艺术价值，而且量多类聚，堪称洛阳 唐三彩 的代表作品 它表明洛阳的唐三彩艺术，早在初唐阶段已达到十分成熟的程度 这为洛阳唐三彩的断代分期提供了可靠的依据 墓中出土金币一枚，直径2.2厘米，重4.3克，正面为一戴王冠的男像，背面为带有翅膀的胜利女神像，两面均有铭文 据鉴定，这是东罗马皇帝福克斯的铸币 这枚金币是洛阳出土的第一枚外国金币，它与1955年洛阳发现的波斯萨珊王朝银币，无疑都是丝绸之路的遗物 特别是安菩墓志，不但提供了墓葬的确切年代 唐中宗景龙3年，即公元720xx年 和墓主的国属 家世及其身世等情况，而且对中西交通史的研究也有重要的参考价值 在此我们重点讲一下唐三彩 唐三彩是唐代的釉陶生活用具和雕塑工艺品 这一名称古书中缺乏记载，考其由来，则同旧时挖墓取宝之风有关 洛阳是声誉中外的历史名城和文物渊薮之地 城北的邙山，古冢累累，帝王陵墓星罗棋布，有很多唐朝显贵也埋葬这里 旧时这里的一些穷苦人，为了糊口常常掘墓挖宝变卖，其中得到一些釉色光亮的所谓 瓦器 ，多为红 绿 白三色，因其出自唐墓，人们便起名叫它 唐三彩 1920xx年，陇海铁路工程修筑到洛阳时，从东向西沿邙山脚下掘开许多古墓，在唐代墓葬出土的三彩中，器皿和人物 动物数量颇多 古玩商们将其运到北京，引起了著名学者王国维 罗振玉等的赞赏和重视 外国人也视为至宝，出重金购买，唐三彩顿时声蜚中外 之后，虽又曾发现褐 蓝 黑等多种釉色的俑类 动物和器皿，但 唐三彩 已成惯称，这一名称便沿袭下来 在我国美术陶瓷史上，唐三彩开创了一代新风 它不光在造型 装饰 釉色 烧制技术等方面树立了惊人的风格，而且它所表现的题材内容，广泛深入地反映了唐代社会生活的各个领域 它像一束怒放的繁花，与唐代的诗歌 散文 乐舞 绘画 书法 雕塑 建筑等艺术形式相互辉映，和谐地构成了一座宏丽的百花园 唐代是我国封建社会的鼎盛时期，经济 文化都达到了历史空前的高峰 唐朝国威的强盛 国家的统一 民族的融合 社会的安定，都大大促成了生产的发展和经济的繁荣，使当时的中国处于世界先进国家的行列 同时对外施行比较开放的政策，也有利于发展对外贸易关系和文化交流 因而反映在文化艺术领域里，就呈现出姹紫嫣红 欣欣向荣的局面 唐三彩就在这样的社会背景下应运而生，成为与其它艺术并存的一朵华贵的奇葩 唐三彩的出现，同唐代统治阶级豪华奢侈的生活 追求名贵宝物也是分不开的 那些官僚贵族活着穷奢极欲，死后连妻妾奴婢 马牛骆驼 飞禽走兽以及瓶 盘 碗 罐等，都做成三彩釉陶用来陪葬 厚葬风俗的盛行，也是唐三彩大量出现的一个重要原因 唐三彩的胎料是一种上等白色粘土，素称高岭土 这种土颜色皎洁，颗粒细微，具有坚柔粘韧的特性，洛阳附近的巩县 孟津 新安 龙门均有出产 制作三彩的矿土，要经过挑选 舂捣 淘洗 过滤 沉淀 浸润 陈腐 揉搓 捏练方可使用 这样精选加工把一切杂质排除干净，才能保证胎色洁白，使制品有良好的稳定性 否则，器物的表面就会出现凹凸不平的斑丘，甚至会起泡或使胎体爆裂 入窑焙烧是一道关键工序 炉窑一般有两种形式：一是直烟窑，其结构有火道 窑箪 炉堂，窑顶有烟道，烟火直接从窑顶喷出 二是倒烟窑，这种窑烟火流动的路径是由上而下，再由下而上，经过火道 炉堂 烟道，最后从烟囱中喷出 唐三彩一般需要两次焙烧：成型坯胎晾干后，入窑用氧化火焰经过1100 或接近1100 的高温素烧，即成白色胎体 冷却后，挂上配好的彩料釉汁，再入窑作第二次焙烧，烧至900 ，使彩釉熔融开化，胎体表面就会呈现出各种鲜艳的光泽 从出土的唐三彩观察，唐代焙烧工艺达到了很高的水平，火候适度，升降温掌握得恰如其分，窑内火焰辐射均衡，坯体破裂现象很少 在挂釉焙烧过程中，由于火候控制得当，釉汁与胎体地膨胀系数均衡，冷却时收缩一致，釉质与胎体密合非常贴切，很少有脱釉剥落现象 这充分证明了唐代工匠们已具有丰富的实践经验和熟练的烧制技术 唐三彩的主要特点之一是它釉色的独到风格 经过化验分析，可知三彩釉色的主要元素为硅酸铅 唐代工匠，经过千百次地实践，成功地配制出白色 浅黄 棕红 褐红 淡青 翠绿 深绿 天蓝 茄紫 赭黑等色彩，而且还配出一种罕见的银白色釉，烧制后器物表面仿佛镶上一层锃亮的银片 熟练的工艺技巧和化学知识的增长，使工匠们掌握了矿物 金属氧化物的性能和呈色机理 他们认识到褐红为铁 浅黄为铁或锑 赭黄为铁 各种青绿色为铜或铬 蓝色为铜和钴 紫黑为锰等 釉药的主要成分是石英 铅粉及各种金属氧化物，用以辅助釉质的熔解和增加色泽的光亮程度 然而，工匠们为了达到某种呈色的特别效果，就将各种釉料及色剂的比例灵活增减 适度调配，这样把各种釉汁同时交错施于胎体表面，入窑焙烧，使之溶解流化，产生混合或化合 窑变 现象，就会出现变幻无穷的色彩 这里需要说明， 窑变 原来是釉色在窑内加热偶然产生的一种自然色变，但三彩工匠们加以总结 摸索出规律，能动地控制和利用了 窑变 的效果 这不能不说是三彩工匠们的杰出贡献 釉质的色变与施釉厚薄及火候的高低也有很大的关系 为了增强塑造人物形象的质感，还要增加一道对人俑的 开相 工艺 三彩人物的头部不施釉，仅涂以，在唇和面颊上加朱红，在眼眸 眉睫 髭须和巾帽等处都用墨描画 足部也多不施釉，同样用墨涂画，以示为黑色皮靴 这样增强了写实效果，但并不使人感到有特别的与釉色失调的做作 三彩器物的装饰，主要采用雕塑与釉色相结合的方法，用刻花 印花 贴花 塑花等技巧，可以做出宝相花 蔓草纹 荷叶 莲花 杏叶 灵芝 流苏 鱼子 铺首 人物 动物等装饰 而用釉汁点描 斑描 涂绘 泼洒 绞胎的方法，可以做出各种生动活泼的动物 禽鸟及织锦 珍珠地 斑点纹 条带纹 木纹等，这种用釉药和色剂混合绘制焙烧而成的图案花纹，称为釉花 这种釉花的出现，是陶瓷史上的一次飞跃 它不同于瓷器的釉上彩和釉下彩，但却是釉上彩或釉下彩的前躯 釉花中的蓝彩，又是后来青花瓷的前身 自商周出现青釉瓷以来，直至隋朝，其间数千年都不曾用釉色组成纹样，唯唐代开始使用 唐三彩上的印花，多饰于模印制成的器型 而贴花多饰于轮制的圆形器物上，因为采用印花就会被快轮的削刀刮掉 贴花是先将纹样雕塑成型，然后贴在器壁的适当部位，有的是泥胎未干前贴上的，有的是在釉烧以后才贴上，再上釉重新焙烧的 划花多与釉色相结合，并多饰于器物的平面上，即先以线条划出动植物的轮廓，然后用各种色釉分色平涂后烧制 所以要施在器物的平面上，是为了控制釉汁流淌，避免画面模糊 绞胎釉，是一层胎泥，一层釉色，迭次相压，卷成圆柱，然后取其断面，制成器型焙烧而成的，呈现出树木年轮似的纹样，富有天然之美 另一种为贴面绞胎 这两种绞胎釉均需在器物表面加施一层铅玻璃透明釉，并一次烧成 斑点纹除用釉汁斑描而外，还可以在坯体内嵌进晶体矿石，烧成后器壁上就呈现出晶莹的白斑 这些都是唐代三彩匠人们独辟蹊径的创造 工艺美术作品一向分作日用品和陈设品两大类 唐三彩的品种之多，内容的丰富程度却是当时任何一种工艺形式都无法比拟的 就生活用器而言，有各种形状的壶 尊 瓶 罐 盅等水器和酒器 饮食用具有盘 豆 碗 盂 钵 盆 杯等 化妆用具有装油或盛药膏的各种盒子 文房用具有水盂 砚滴 寝室用具有唾盂 香炉 油灯 枕头等 各种模型有庭院 房屋 家室 仓库 假山 水池 唐三彩中的生活器皿很受人珍视，因它既实用，又可供观赏 它与一般生活器皿相比有三个明显的特点：第一，色彩绚烂，花纹美观 第二，唐三彩继承了我国古器物奇特别致 制作精巧的造型特点 第三，仿效其它工艺品的造型，是三彩生活用具的又一特点 唐三彩吸收融合了唐代的陶器 不施釉的瓦器 瓷器 金银器 铜器 木漆器 藤编和少数民族 甚至外国生活用具的优秀造型及装饰艺术，创造了自己别开生面的风格，也为它的发展开辟了广阔的前景 唐三彩中的人物 动物 禽鸟数量最多，工匠们对这些形象的塑造，的确达到了我国古代艺术史上的高峰 唐三彩是一个时代的产物，具有浓郁的时代气息和特征，它反映了唐代国家的统一和在艺术上熔铸北方浑厚雄健与南方清新柔润的特点 首先从三彩俑来看，工匠们不仅能表现出不同形象 不同性格 不同姿态 不同装束 不同民族的特征，还能塑造出不同等级 不同地位和他们特定的思想情感 洛阳出土的三彩女俑颇多，有的悠闲雅坐，若有所思 有的亭亭玉立，裙带生风 有的虔恭典娴，广袖扬逸 有的头束丫髻，窈窕多娇 1965年洛阳北窑出土的女坐俑，红唇粉面，丰颊腴腮，头梳环头，身穿袒胸绛色窄袖襦衫，胸束长裙，双手置于胸前，端坐在墩座上，神气十足，显然是达官贵妇的形象 属于这种身份的还有1970年洛阳谷水出土的女立俑，她面庞俊俏，眉目清秀，发髻梳成鹦鹉欲飞之形，上穿浅绿圆领襦襟，胸部袒露，身系黄裙，长袖飘飘如溪泉倾流，很有点超然不群的样子 这种形象恰似 新唐书 五行志 记载的那样： 天宝初年，杨贵妃常以假发为首饰，好服黄裙，时人为之语： 义发抛河里，黄裙逐水流 这件女俑的装扮就是工匠们特地为她设计的 与贵妇身份不同的女俑，还有头梳丫髻 上罩短袄 腰束长裙的金雀丫环，她体态婀娜，年仅十五六岁，望去很有俏皮 灵俐 活泼之感 可以看出，三彩工匠们对女俑的塑造，从生活到艺术确实都下了一番苦功的 三彩俑中那些文臣官宦的形象，多是峨冠博带，长袍阔袂，端严直立，神情拘谨，温顺虔诚 有的双目迷离，抿嘴微笑 有的两手捧物，举在胸前 还有两手相交，置于腹下 他们或在深思熟虑，准备为上司献策，或在唯命是从地聆听吩咐 工匠们虽然用简约的手法着意塑造这类人物的道貌岸然，但把他们矜持尊严的内心世界也刻画得淋漓尽致 对于那些天王俑 武士俑和镇墓兽的塑造，工匠们是采取夸张手法，着重从外形上突出表现 天王俑头戴盔冠，身穿铠甲，背生双翼，脚踏卧牛或鬼魔 武士俑或持剑抚盾 或拉弓射箭，无一不是肌肉发达，蹙眉怒目，剑拔弩张，看去颇有一种凶神恶煞 气势逼人之感 镇墓兽是工匠们巧妙地综合多种动物形象想象出来的一种怪兽，放在墓门内作为辟邪用 形象多为人面兽身或兽面兽身，更有的头长独角，身生双翼，背披火焰，竖耳怒目，异常凶猛，好像准备随时跃起捉拿妖魔 有人说它是 周礼 中记载的 黄金四目 头戴铜制面具 持戈扬盾 率众打鬼的方相氏形象的演变，看来颇有道理 另外那些深目高鼻 头戴尖帽 身穿翻领袍 脚登高筒靴的男俑，多是我国境内的少数民族或外域人的形象，一般称为 胡俑 或 昆仑俑 洛阳谷水唐墓中出土的几件胡俑，多是眉发苍郁 络腮胡须 颧骨高隆 体格彪悍 有人认为他们是中亚西亚人的形象 另一件传世的牵驼男俑，极像维吾尔族的相貌 他头戴小帽，身穿褐绿长袍，袒胸伫立，侧头嘻笑，连浓重的眉须也带着耐人寻味的乐观性格 他牵着一头腿短头小 身躯庞大的骆驼，据说是波斯或大秦国的品种 驼背上满载着各种货物，大概因为买卖兴隆才使他那样神采飞扬吧 洛阳出土的乐舞俑也很有风采，其中骑马乐舞俑有八件一套的，分别为四男四女 男的击鼓或手举仪仗器 女的发髻奇异，长袖飘举 骑驼乐舞俑，驼背上有五个伎乐人在欢快地歌舞 他们无不姿态姗姗，感情奔放，简直是唐代一幕幕坐 立二部乐舞的再现 唐三彩中的动物也很引人入胜，各种动物的个性特征都塑的比较典型，如骆驼 牛 驴 猪 羊等，都塑造得生动逼真 活泼轻健，观之不禁使人有惊奇之感 骆驼是古代重要的交通工具，因为它适宜长途跋涉，被人们喻为 沙漠之舟 当时往来在长安和洛阳的商旅驼群纷至沓来 这两地出土的三彩骆驼，多是形体高大 茸毛蓬松 两峰间驮着巨大的虎头纹行囊及丝卷 绸布 水壶 鱼 兔 肉食等物，它们或在稳步行进，或在昂首嘶鸣 洛阳关林唐墓中出土的一件，驼背上还骑一人，完全是汉人的装束 他一手控制缰绳，另一手扬鞭催驼，俨然是中国商旅冉冉西行的逼真写照 马匹劲健有力，能役善战，又较易驯养，在古代军事 农业 交通 礼仪等方面，都起着重要作用 唐朝官府和民间很重视养马 唐玄宗曾选择西域 大宛献来的良马和中原骏马，令画师临摹 他还让人在他的御厩里畜养良马多达四十三万匹 他赴泰山祭祀，布置数万匹牧马跟从， 色别为群，望之如云锦 又教舞马百匹，衔杯上寿 尚马之风可见一斑 所以马也成为唐代文艺创作的重要题材 人们对塑造描绘马的形象要求甚高 韩干是当时善于画马的名家，然而杜甫却给以 画肉不画骨 的讥评 不过，从出土的唐三彩马来看，倒是会使诗人满意的 三彩艺人们，以熟练的技术，灵巧的刀法，流畅的线型，生动地塑造出比例匀称 彪健有力 神气完备的各种骏马形象 洛阳关林出土两件形体高大的三彩马，可以说是唐三彩中的代表作 一件通体施白釉，昂首挺立，两耳竖起，高达76厘米，与黑马相配，显得明快清新 另一匹黑釉马，膘肥雄浑，剪鬃挽尾，双耳后抿，颈若弯弓，四蹄抓地，依稀倔犟地将要飞奔启程 这种黑釉马除近来在洛阳龙门又幸得一件而外，在日本京都国立博物馆还藏一件，并且均为一黑一白，与上述的两件作风一致，宛如出自一人之手 这都是我国艺术史上难以寻觅的珍品 如前所讲，唐三彩以鲜艳夺目的釉色和形象生动的雕塑为特点，强烈地吸引着人们的情趣 它同洛阳龙门石窟的唐人雕刻以及敦煌石窟的唐代彩塑异曲同工，都是盛唐时期丰富社会生活的美丽画卷，与唐代绘画互相辉映，都闪烁着灿烂的光彩 现在大家再来看墓中的唐三彩作品，加深一下对唐三彩的认识和了解

5 宋四郎墓：该墓于1983年被发现 这座北宋晚期的墓葬，墓室平面呈八角形，八角各砌有砖柱，柱顶系砖雕斗拱，八角之间除一面为砖砌仿木结构门楼外，七面墙壁皆有壁画和假窗 迎门的一面，彩绘墓主夫妇宴乐图 在下垂启开的红色帷幕下，夫妇二人左右拱手端坐 男墓主宋四郎头戴黑色幞头，身着圆领乳白色长袍 女墓主梳高发髻，身穿红色衣裙，夫妇二人脸形圆胖，相对微笑 中间桌上放满了壶杯碗盘和菜肴食品，另外还有一名男仆和两名女仆，三侍者身躯矮小，以示身份低微 这种主要人物大而居中，次要人物小而偏侧，是突出 夸张主题的艺术手法，世界各地都经常采用 而在我国汉魏至宋代的壁画上也突出主题，使主大奴小 但大小比例和位置安排，在视觉上更和谐 舒服，并且主大奴小 主尊奴卑，也体现出封建等级制度的森严 墓门甬道两壁，各有两幅砖雕孝子故事 进门左侧靠内一幅，画面为一孝子在竹林跪哭，新笋破土而出，当为孟宗 哭竹成笋 其它画面简单，难以确认

6 二号宋墓：该墓墓葬形制与宋四郎墓基本一样 但其墓门外墓道右侧有一侧室 该墓平面作八角形，顶部用叠涩构成八角形藻井 壁间有壁画七幅 迎墓门第一幅绘门扉半掩，每扇门上有乳钉四行，每行四枚，还有衔环铺首 一侍女似欲开门而出，尤半遮面 第二幅为一老者倚坐在靠背椅上，后站女侍，背置屏风，前侧立二人，年长者躬身作禀告状 年轻者肩扛扁担，扁担上系绳索 此画面颇似父子二人交租后向地主告辞 第四 五 七幅皆为砖雕假窗，第六幅砖雕圆茶几一件，几乎进一半凸出于墙面，成为镂空透雕 该墓还有许多砖雕牡丹图案作为装饰 在洛阳古墓博物馆中一共复原了五座北宋墓葬，都是采用砖砌仿木结构，雕梁画栋 不过，墓室无前后之分，都是前堂后寝合成一体 墓室周壁或雕饰孝子故事 奇花异草，或彩绘墓主夫妇宴乐的风俗壁画，是宋代西京洛阳一般商人与官吏 地主生前生活的再现 这些砖雕画面的突出特点是背景简单，而人物形象皆为高浮雕，有些近乎圆雕 洛阳宋代仿木结构砖雕墓葬，是洛阳历史上前所未有的 墓室内的角柱 斗拱和藻井，基本上采用 彻上露明造 ，加之雕饰的门窗隔扇，将墓室建筑绚丽多彩的姿容全部展现出来，给人以美的感受 仿木结构砖雕的建筑形式和 朝着柔和绚丽的方向发展 的建筑风格，是宋朝这一时代十分明显的特征 这是因为宋代建筑已开简化之端，斗拱负荷的机能与汉唐时期相比已开始减弱 尤其是到了明清时期，由于梁架结构的变更，斗拱比例更为减小，补间铺作的朵数大为增多，成为一种象征性的装饰品

结束语：以上说讲的六个墓葬，是比较有代表性的 从今天所参观的墓葬陈列中，我们对洛阳乃至中原地区的古墓葬已经有了一定的了解，对其中所反映出古墓文化特色也有了清晰的认识 归纳起来简单的说就是：

1 不同时期的墓葬具有鲜明的等级性和强烈的宗法伦理观念

2 事死如事生 的法则经久不衰

3 堪舆学说 影响巨大 这几点可以从墓室的大小 结构 葬具 随葬品清楚的表现出来 生与死是人生的两件大事，面对生离死别，古人是无奈和幼稚的，但他们对丧葬活动的热情和重视，使短暂的生命在 死 后获得永生 而千百年风雨过后，丧葬制度的体现及其产物 陵与墓，使祖先们生时的荣耀和辉煌不再仅仅存在于卷帖浩繁而描写枯燥的文献里，更活生生地存在于现实中的高冢深穴里 这些陵墓 坟丘成为特定历史时期社会生活的缩影，形成了中国特有的墓葬文化，更成为博大精深的华夏文明的重要组成部分

好了，对古墓博物馆的讲解到此结束 大家可以自由活动了

洛阳博物馆位于古都洛阳市中心繁华地段，西临王城公园，是国家一级博物馆，洛阳唯一的一座综合性历史博物馆。

洛阳博物馆以其数量巨大，跨代久远，种类丰富，品位高超而享誉中外，其中仰韶、龙山文化时期的陶器，夏、商玉石器、两周青铜器、汉魏彩绘、唐三彩、宋瓷等多是稀世珍宝，并极具地域特色，在中国文物界占有举足轻重的地位。

新推出的《永恒的文明洛阳文物精品陈列》由史前时期、夏商时期、两周时期、汉魏时期和隋唐时期五大部分组成，展示文物珍品近千件。 其中在展品方面重点突出了五万年前的大象化石、新石器时代的彩陶器、夏商周时期的青铜礼器、汉魏时期的彩绘陶器及百戏俑、隋唐时期的彩绘乐舞俑和釉色鲜艳、形态各异的唐三彩等。其中的夏代青铜爵、战国时期的错金银铜鼎、北魏时期陶塑、唐代的三彩灯、三彩马堪称国之瑰宝。

"Bao guang, west park, north green cloud, in yuan." To yuan temple is located in wuhan hanyang CuiWei feng cui wei road west side, and GuQinTai adjacent. Say "convenient to return yuan no 2, there are many." Yuan temple temple name comes from this. To yuan temple site for private garden in Ming dynasty, by 1658, the park owner give alms to the monk in this build three small tower, tower buried unowned bones. Deng shedding pay property to build temples, then experience generation reconstruction in succession, hence become todays pattern. Owned by yuan temple building area of more than twenty thousand square meters?

Main construction points, both inside and outside. The outer court is mainly composed of gate house, courtyard, ponds; The inner court by the north courtyard, then Ursa and south courtyard sutra depository arhat hall three main body construction, as well as great, earth treasure house, etc. To yuan temple give an outstanding impression is consistent with the other temple is its architecture. It would not be symmetrical pattern of grand, but slightly clutter. Originally, built the temple, begging monk cant gather together in a short time together enough money to do the arrangement. Rich when you hurry to buy to repair, otherwise wait to raise enough money, ideas in the surrounding area has first bought by others. Monks have to can only have a sum of money in one place. The gate toward the east, but gradually from the south to the north side in buildings. Compared with the general big jungle, be yuan temple "hundred feet maolin, thousand bamboo pole, and red, brake, green around the cloud room", colorful, beautiful and pleasant.

Drops after lotus leaf green lotus pond, lotus flower in full bloom, is Ursa major, the temple Buddha like guanyin is the island, on both sides and 24 the heavens like, placed on a sloping surface, high technological level. Particularly noteworthy is that the sugar like sweets before running, it is not normal fabric, but wood and wood is wiser. Behind the of primitive simplicity and elegant modelling is unique, with high appreciation value, is a rare art treasures.

To the north and to the sutra depository, the magnificent building, decorative and elegant, is the treasure house of collection of cultural relics to yuan temple. Hidden inside a set of qing and bei Ye Zhenjing,.chinese or copper Buddha, both for treasures, and also has given some buddhist relics abroad. Main hall displays a Burmese jade Buddha statue, very beautiful.

West sutra depository, bypass tuas pavilion, south to the south of arhat hall, went into his house, can see a "field" glyph of five hundred arhats. Their ups and downs sit, joys and sorrows, each feminine beauty, rich distinguishing feature each, or legged earphones, or design, or studying buddhist scriptures, bouldering or drive out evil spirit, each are not identical, some brave, some gentle, some naive, silly, and some vicissitudes, expressions are all different, some in the pick up ear cleaning, some in a bored manner yawning, make people laugh. Oceans production craft level is very high, to the end of the 19th century the qing guangxu years HuangBei County wangs father and son take a nine-year into. Type used on the process linoleum bodiless lacquer special method: first use unpainted clay idol with molding model, with a thick cloth, raw lacquer paste TaoSu step by step, and make each oceans head and shoulders, ribs, leg respectively form a tendency, thus in the line of art image draws the outline of a large surface, make the action, different expressions. This process is conducive to the screw, enduring, and corrosion protection, is not bad, it is unique to China. Wuhan flood in 1954 and five hundred arhats, floating down the house after water back but intact, so wuhan folk have bathed oceans "five hundred".

To yuan temple is also one of the birthplace of the modern buddhist revival. In the spring of 1922, too the mage to yuan temple lecture buddhist, when all the listeners, stimulate too buddhist volunteers, it is the same with listening celebrity to negotiate, to better buddhist generative, must set up the buddhist, extensive training talents of Buddhism, buddhist institute to run one of the cause of this is wuchang.

辛亥革命爆发，沈寿的女工绣工科解散，余沈夫妇去天津创办自立绣工传习所，1914年，应张骞之邀，沈寿去南通任女工传习所所长，为南通培养绣女150多人。第二年2月，美国为纪念巴拿马运河通航，在旧金山举行博览会，沈寿的《世界救世主耶酥像》获博览会一等奖，声名远播，被誉为“绣圣”。

1917年10月沈寿患病。卧病期间，沈寿口述自己一生绣技的经验理论要点，由张骞手记整理成《雪宦绣谱》，开中国工艺专书之先河。在此期间，沈寿还抱病绣成了她一生中最后一幅作品《女优倍克像》。1921年6月8日(农历五月初三)，沈寿病逝，终年47岁，葬南通黄泯山。

作为一代刺绣皇后，沈寿为我国培养了大量的刺绣艺术人才，为苏绣在国际上赢得了巨大荣誉。这就是沈寿的大弟子金静芬，解放后苏州刺绣研究所第一任所长，第三届全国人大代表。这位是沈寿的侄女沈粹缜，也就是邹韬奋的夫人，这是他们的全家福，中间就是邹家华。沈寿是苏绣的骄傲，也是木渎的骄傲。

各位游客，现在我们来到了西园，这里原来是明代东林党人五心一的别墅，建成于崇祯四年，即1631年。当时，五心一因弹劾宦官魏忠贤，被削籍遣归。先在苏州建造田园居，也就是现在拙政园的东园部分，仍嫌城中烦嚣，便在木渎香溪之滨建秀野园，时常邀上三五同志，在园中游观酬唱，排遣情怀。不久，五心一重被朝廷起用，先后做过太仆卿(相当于现在的中宣部副部长)、应天府甲(相当于现在的北京市市长)、少司寇(相当于现在的司法部副部长)。

大家都知道，我们木渎不但是江南唯一的园林古镇，而且是乾隆六次到过的地方。因此，在修复虹饮山房过程中，我们走遍大江南北，遍搜民间有关清代皇牍文化的珍藏之物，现在，就请大家随我去欣赏一下这些镇园之宝，稀世珍品。

我们首先来到的是圣旨馆，这里陈列着清代十位皇帝即顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪、宣统的二十道圣旨。平时，大家在古典戏剧和影视片中经常能看到这样的场面，一位皇宫太监手捧黄绫在宣读圣旨：“奉天承运，皇帝诏曰------”，其实，这些都是演出的道具，真正见过皇帝诏书和圣旨的人却寥寥无几。

The lion forest is one of the four classical gardens in suzhou, has been 650 years of history, as the representative of the yuan dynasty garden. Located in suzhou city, jiangsu province city northeastern garden road no. 23, plane into something a bit width rectangle, covers an area of 1.1 hectares, open area of 0.88 hectares. In 1982 was designated as cultural relics protection unit in jiangsu province. Garden rockery throughout, gallery, number crunchers looms, winding path leading to a secluded spot, feel history generally. Are embedded in the walls of the gallerys four big famous song dynasty, su shi, huang tingjian, calligraphy Cai Xiang monuments, and the southern song dynasty wen tianxiang inscriptions of plum blossom poems.

Mountainous southeast, northwest much water, surrounded by high walls deep curtilage, corridor surrounded. Central to the pool as the center, fold mountain building, move the flowers planted wood, bridge pavilion, has dominated layout is compact, rich artistic conception "Zhi foot mountain". Lion grove both suzhou classical garden pavilion, palace, building, hall, hall, porch, gallery of humanities landscape, more to the lake mountain stone, lives deep hole and famous in the world, known as "rockery kingdom". Lion forest lake stone rockery was more and exquisite, lake Shi Linglong, hole lives flowing, twists and turns, such as the history, is regarded as "taoyuan 18 scene". Ceiling mountain peak forest, are like the lion dance. With CDH, spit on, XuanYu, Leon xia peak, lion peak and to the ZhuFeng list. Campus construction is given priority to with YanYu hall, after hall is a lion originally bodhi authentic temple garden, Lin in A.D. 1341, the monk preached day such as Jackson went to suzhou, by his disciples. The following year (the yuan dynasty last emperor shun emperor to is two years), the disciples to buy to buy house for days like phil Jackson to build monasteries. Garden was built in the yuan dynasty to two years (AD 1342), by the day, such as master but the disciple made for in the division, the early name "Lin temple", later renamed "carry authentic temple", "divine grace temple". History, yuan at the end of the monk day if phil Jackson d disciple "at capital contribution, to buy land and house, to the teacher".

Because garden "is bamboo, Lin takes * * ta peak, the more like lion (lion)", and for days such as Jackson should b d well in zhejiang lionrock tome buddhist 27, in memory of the Buddha and the mantle, inherited the relations, take a Leo in the buddhist scriptures, so the name "ShiZiLin", "Lin". Also because the Buddha books with the word "lion roar" (" lion roar "refers to Jackson taught scripture), and many rockery resembling a lion shape and name. But have poetry "lion forest emphasizes the first 14", described the landscape and the life. Park is completed, many of the poet, painter to the zen meditation, as listed in the "lion Lin Jisheng set" of poetry and painting. Day such as master xie, disciple, gradually deserted temple garden.

Ming hongwu six years (AD 1373), 73 - year - old big painter-calligrapher NiZan (yunlin) via suzhou, participated in gardening, painting and acknowledged (with the lion figure Lin), make very famous lion grove, become a buddhist lecture and literati painting chanting songs of the resort. At the beginning of the qing emperor qianlong, temple garden is a private property, from temple temple, involved in the garden, because the park has wukesong tree, so it is also called five pine garden. For pigment comprador businessman bought BeiRunSheng 1917, after nine years of building, expansion, is still a lion grove garden east (for bayesian clan academy, learn and housing).

Ming wanli seventeen years (AD 1589), Ming surname monk begging for alms chang-an yu, rebuild the lion Lin Shengen temple, Buddha hall, thriving scene. To kangxi years, temple, garden, for the father of Huang Xi, hengchow magistrate after Huang Xingzu bought, named "for garden."

On February 11, 1703 AD the qing emperor kangxi tour at this point, given the forehead "lion Lin temple", after the qing emperor qianlong six lion grove, has been given according to the mirror round, "painting of Buddha and existing" really fun "equal plaque. Qing qianlong thirty six years (AD 1771), Huang Xi examination, refinement, reforming courtyard, named "five pine garden". To the middle of the reign of qing emperor guangxu huang family decline, garden have qian Bridges, rockery is still only.

In A.D. 1917, the Shanghai pigment company BeiRunSheng (world famous architect i. m. peis uncle) from civil administration chief Li Zhongyu purchased lion grove, 800000 silver, for nearly seven years of time to repair, add some of the attractions, and dubbed "the lion forest" old name, lion forest canopy Sioux city at one time. BeiRunSheng had prepared to preparations for the opening, but due to the outbreak of the war of resistance. BeiRunSheng died in 1945 AD, the lion by its Sun Beihuan Lin chapter management. After the liberation, bayesian posterity will be donated to the country of suzhou gardens administration over after renovation, open to the public in 1954 AD.

friends:

now we come to shanghai huangpu river bank bund, first, i tour to everybodyvisit bund to express the welcome, and wishes in advance each traveling to behappy.

new bund altogether has five traveling routes, nearby yours left hand is bythe reputation is wan guo constructs reads extensively the magnificentarchitectural complex and spacious zhongshan road, nearby your right hand is thewave light clear huangpu river as well as the future resembles the brocade thepudong land to embellish the financial trade area, at present for is noveluniquely goes sightseeing the tour area. this architectural complex, zhongshanroad, go sightseeing the area, the huangpu river, lu jiazui in the as if musicfive spectra, the industrious shanghai people seem between the string string thesymbol, is composing most newly the most gorgeous music movement, is welcomefellow guests presence.

the powder can call bund? simple saying, it passed once was the desolatebeach place which outside the shanghai old city the reed grew thicklytogether.

in 1840 after first opium war, the tight lock entrance to a country hasbeen driven out by the colonizing ocean artillery, shanghai also is compelled toward off for the commercial port. since then, all kinds of west foreign styleconstruction hastens to ground along with colonizing but towers in abundance, tothis century the beginning of 30s, shanghai as soon as leapt into the far eastbiggest metropolis from seashore small yi.

at present these have the europe renaissance time style the construction,although stems from hand of the identical design, also is not constructs at anage, but their construction style is such harmonious unification, the daybecomes. from jinling east road bund to outside white temporary bridge long only1.5 kilometer arcs in, height scattered about, is standing erect row after row52 styles each different construction, has england -like, france -like, ancientgreece -like and so on. same year many foreign banks, the general meeting, theconsulate and so on converged to this, some east wall street the name, formedthe old shanghai semicolonial and semifeudal society a historical miniature.

everybody please looked that, the new bund 2 east winds hotels, in the pastonce were the english general meetings which extremely is well-known, it is amodel english ancient canonical expression constructs. the building high has 6(continually basement), the roof north and south beginnings and endsrespectively suppose □t look pavilion, the interior decoration are extremelymagnificent. inside a yet higher goal bar same year once because of has 110.7foot eastern longest bar cabinet but to be arrogant for a while, now usskentuckey quick dining room is located in.

new bund 12 before are famous the hongkong and shanghai bank, this buildingconstructed in 1923, was in the style of antiquity greece -like domeconstruction. the building for approaches the square the rectangularconstruction, high 5, a crown hemispheroid level goes against the vegetable tohave 7 in addition, the steel portal frame construction. in the buildingdecorates extremely is fastidious, is equipped with country each kind ofreception room and so on america, england and france, russia, date. this placeconstructed the english once to brag for from the suez canal to far east beringstrait most was fastidious construction.

nearby close neighbor hongkong and shanghai bank that building is theshanghai customs building, is 19th century restores the old the principleconstruction, constructed in 1927, is now the world institute rarely is ominous.above the building bell all around worthy of looking at arrives is in luck, each15 minutes play sound section of short tunes, melodious are deep, reputation 10miles.

after the hongkong and shanghai bank building and the customs building allstem from english designer wilson, shanghai kindly called they are the sistersbuilding, at present was still one of shanghais important symbols.

east nanjing the street intersection two buildings are called the peacefulhotel. sat north the southern dynasty this lou jianyu in 1906, at that time thename collected the hotel, was a shanghai extant earliest hotel. it may take ahistorical construction, is the english chinese world renaissance. this buildingmost major characteristic is sets up the surface color red brick to make thewaist line, bai qiangzhuan makes the cover, looks by far both gravely iselegant, and other style, the reality is a rare excellent work.

bunds these constructions, all are the china working people industriouswisdom crystallization, simultaneously has also reflected western colonizing toshanghais plundering and the aggression. now in order to let the peopleunderstand these constructions the history, in front of each big front doorhangs has the data plate which the chinese and english compares.

regarding bund, the shanghai person also passes for hers name along withthe time changes. shanghai persons is called old bund, after the liberationliberation before bund to be called as bund, now the people approve her are newbund. in the history occurs has seized bund many times the scene, but each timeall has the completely different historical significance. since partys 11sessions of three ccp plenary conferences, the china reform and open policystrategic center of gravity also from the south but north, pudongs developmentand the promotion enable shanghai to walk the nation reform and open policy mostfront. the spring breeze blew awakes the deep sleep many year shanghai bund, thechinese and foreign financial organ in abundance has also seized bund. shanghaihas made the clear nest directs the phoenix the significant action, the bundfinance street house big replacement, will attract everywhere the old customerreto come to settle down, again will reveal the far east wall street elegantdemeanour.

bund is shanghais symbol, also is the chinese and foreign tourists mustarrive place. but in before because the path narrow, the pedestrian vehicles arepacked like sardines, seriously has affected the bund overall image. for thechange place beach appearance, the shanghai peoples government performs bund asthe key point to transform. at present this street called, also is bund whichzhongshan a group, is for commemorate pioneer mr. sun yat-sen which chinademocratic revolution names synthesizes the transformation a part. this groupspan 826 meters, the width 45 meters, suppose 6 to 10 traffic lanes. this broadline of communication not merely is restricted in area bund, it follows thereform and open policy step unceasingly to extend, north the jiangwan five jiaofields, south arrive at the nampo bridge. to the next the beginning of century,this north and south corridor long amounts to 15 kilometers, will become thesign landscape which the shanghai traveling will go sightseeing.

we now walk this bin jiang main road quite has the characteristic. it notonly collection culture, afforestation to a body, moreover the morning is thepeople practices the good place which the article practices martial arts,daytime is domestic and foreign goes sightseeing the tour world, evening is theideal place which talks love to the lover, heard has many foreign friends all inadmiration of somebodys fame to come to experience the life.

fellow guests, stroll in new bund to go sightseeing the area, whether youdo feel, new bund not only appearance changed beyond recognition, moreover inlively is lively passes the rich artistic breath. everybody please looked that,in the yenan east road bund establishment subject will be for tomorrow theartistic landscape, will hug by 6 columns, with will have more than 80 yearshistorical meteorological signal to become a group to the scenery. the customsbuilding and the electronic waterfall clock also is quite has the fresh idea tothe scenery. the electronic waterfall clock assumes the steps and ladders type,the length 27 meters, the height 3.5 meters, supposes 10 entire stairs. theentire operating process by the computer control, approximately some more than1,000 nozzles water column is composed each kind of color the arabic numeral,causes world each place since such remoteness, double is how being intimatewith. went sightseeing the area worthily to become to hold hundred sichuan, iscompatible shanghai school characteristic culture scenery line which andgathered.

strolls bund, we unconsciously entered the whangpoo river park. inmentioned this park, each chinese all could not forget the former days foreigncountry big powers to hang the chinese people and the dog did not have to enterin park entrance that block the sign, that notorious sign, let then chinesepeople suffer the enormous shame! now, looked at present that 60 meter highshanghai people outstandingly talented monument, stands erect is facing thewater place. the military might magnificent sight three columns yellow hillocksbody in has told the people as if, the people forever cherishes the memory ofsince the opium war, 54 movements and the war of liberation, is the scrubbingnationality shame, devotes the heroes for shanghais revolutionary business.

the whangpoo river park faces is well-known everywhere huangpu river. onmonth huanglong waters edge water yellow, extremely vividly described thewhangpoo river river water color. improves pujiang is shanghais mother river,it originates to the wuxi tai lake, is within the boundaries of shanghailongest, is widest, deepest rivers, the span 114 kilometers; the mean breadth400 meters, are deep 7 to 9 meters. its original name calls dong jiang, also hasthe spring shenjiang river, alternate name and so on huang xiejiang. hands downbefore more than 2,000 years, shanghai was chu at that time, at that time chucountry has a senior general yellow to call to rest, he had very much rules anation ability, is appointed by chu king as prime minister, and sealed forpresents mr. shen, had jurisdiction over shanghai this land. at that timebecause upstream dong jiangs clogged with silt, he led the shanghai people tocarry on scours, and revised the route, caused shanghai the aquatictransportation and the agriculture obtains the very big development, theposterity for commemorate huang xie the merit, renamed dong jiang as the springshenjiang river and yellow , only then officially chose a name until thesouthern song dynasty time as the huangpu river.

the huangpu river has two the child, calls pudong, another calls puxi.before new china is born, their whole family deeply three mountains oppressions,on the mother river body is anchoring is the outside warship and themerchantman, two children also are pressed have not gasped for breath. jumpswhangpoo river my sentence shanghai persons pet phrase, refers to the commonpeople which the old society really is unable to live, throws the river to hereto commit suicide.

looks out into the distance the opposite shore, pudong lu jiazui thefinance trade area and puxi bund distantly faces one another, its function forthe finance, the trade and foreign serves, it will be the new shanghais coreand the symbol. east bund the bin jiang main road, the total length 2,500meters, the collection traveling, go sightseeing with the entertainment and soon are a body, is equipped with 6 multi-faceted squares along the road. althoughthe present only rumble cuts in line the sound, but the sound sound , is in fivespectra the most magnificent music movement, will be forecasting a bund moreglorious future.

Yangshan, nine mountain jiuhua mountain called ling, for nine peaks shaped like a lotus, began years (742 ~ 756) renamed the jiuhua mountain. For the three big mountains of inclined column in the south of anhui (one of the huangshan mountain and jiuhua mountain, b). Located in chizhou anhui province county territory, on the other side of the Yangtze river and the tianzhu mountain in northwest, southeast of the huangshan taiping lake and the happiness, is a "two mountain lake" in anhui, huangshan mountain and jiuhuashan mountain, taiping lake) gold tourist area north of the main entrance, the main scenic spots. 120 kilometers, the total area of 120 square kilometers, the highest peak 1342 meters above sea level, the center of jiu hua street geographical coordinates for longitude 117 °, 30 ° latitude.

Jiuhua mountain main body is composed of yanshan period granite, give priority to with peak, valley basin, mix water fountain. Ermeishan mountain rocky cragginess, a total of 99 peaks, of which tiantai, sky column, ten Kings, lotus, lohan, esteems, lotus and other nine peaks are most magnificent. Ten wang feng, highest elevation 1342 meters. Mainly concentrated in 100 square kilometers, within the scope of the scenery has nine son springs sound stream, five mountains, sea of clouds, flat, snow lotus peak, tiantai xiao day, month ShuTan seal, MinYuan bamboo sea, phoenix ancient pine trees, etc. High mountain monastery, cigarette smoke, and ancient towering, quiet, witty, known as the "lotus buddhist," said. Existing temple, 78, Buddha more than 78. The temples of the famous sweet dew temple, temple city, only garden temple, an ancient name for sandalwood, centenarians palace, meditation room, Lin hui ju temple, such as collection of thousands of pieces of cultural relics. In the mountains and money tree, jingle birds, giant salamander and other rare animals and plants.

In the mountain under well, cloud above the table, the different shape of overlapping peaks, the number nine, so the number nine mountain. Began years great poet-saint Li Baiceng number of jiuhua mountain, see the mountain show, nine peaks such as lotus, want to sing with my friends in the "change son nine mountain jiuhua interference and preface of yue:" miao have two gas, lingshan jiu hua ", so "nine mountain" instead of "jiuhua mountain". Li Baiyin jiuhua did: "yesterday in jiujiang (Yangtze river), far out at nine huafeng, tianhe hangs green water, showing nine lotus. I would like to a wave of his hand, who can phase from? Jun as the host, the lie chamaecyparis pisifera." "Tianhe hangs green water, show nine lotus" verse be depicted of the beautiful scenery of the jiuhua mountain song.

Liu yuxi in tang dynasty mountain at the praise: "qifeng saw surprised soul", "naturally endowed a stunner. "A river of wang wei painting, stone for Li Baishi". Jiuhua mountain, around a deep ditch canyon, hang down deep pools, the water flowing waterfall, spectacular, just like a picture of a pure and fresh and natural landscape picture scroll. The view is it everywhere, people moving scene change, the qing dynasty summed up there are ten views "9". After the opening to the outside world, the new monarch eight scenic spots, hundreds of new attractions. Old and new attractions in photograph reflect, natural xiuse accommodation with human landscape, combined with the four seasons, when the scene, sunrise, sunset, sea of clouds, rime, snow, sleet, Buddhas light and other wonders, beautiful, amazing, linger. Known as "southeast first mountain", "jiangnan first mountain" of reputation.

Each visitor:

How are you, welcome you to a Bo state tour, I am your guide__.

We want today place, is the Bo state that has the fame of"history culturalthou city", speak of Bo state, that is small to acquaint with any furtherhowever is my place, because the Bo state brought up me, my home town in the Bostate.If sometimes, you want to taste our special feature a light repast of Bostate, you followed behind small to go.Today, take everyone to come out for thefirst time, explain in detail our Bo state, I feel matchless proud of withhappy.So these two days, your route of travel handed over to me, friends, youfollow my footprint, let lets taste the city that has heavy cultural breathingtogether!

We Bo state, be located in province the northwest of Anhui, area 8374 thesquares are thousand meters, and it have three the counties are one area, Wosun, receive city, the benefit is bitter, also have the Qiao city the area.Whatabout my house, at the Qiao city area China Tuo town.We Bo state, before just acounty city, called that it is "Bo county" to, till the time in 1998 advanced topair ground class City, the time in 20__ formally became the ground class Bostate City.Some visitors started asking me, you the Bo state establish prettyand late of, but see the building of this flank, development of can also!Yes, wealthough the Bo state establishes to only have for 11 years, can in this veryshort 11 the middle of the years, we the Bo state is it may be said thedevelopment that flies soon.Remember my childhood, street basically have no sobreadth, and best of, also just asphalt road, wayside side also just brick anone-storied house.Everyone can see the many-storied building in nowadays alreadytowering rise in this Gao, standing gracefully.The neon light of road lastmyriad shapes, this till evening, Bo the night scene of the state is equallycharming.Now, be like smooth Sus fruit, and Wall-Mart...etc. of China someinternational brands also go into in succession we Bo state.So say, we the Bostate isnt only a history cultural city, now and hereafter still a metropolisthat fly to soon develop!We Bo state the products is abundant, people of talentcoming forth successive, the historic monument spreads all over, the vegetablecontains the good reputation of "Wan north bright pearl".Companys soup inhistory once founded a capital here, Cao Wei established temporary capital here,the dollar end farmer started revolution leader Han Lin Er built up big"Sung"political power here, therefore, the Bo state was called "three dynasties thethou was all".What about it, not only is a Cao to hold China Tuo nativedistrict, on the history still many celebrities gather to reside here.Is likeChuang son, the Cao plants, Cao Pi, Tang Dynasty Min agriculture poet, Li Shen,, Zhang Liang, Hua Mulan in military history, possess a Chen Tuan that veryloudly praise etc. on the religion of Taoism history.Long history, numerouscelebrities, special geography position, not only left for the Bo state numerousfamous spots and historical remains, also accumulate Dian Bo state decorousregion special feature culture.We the Bo state more famous tourist spot has theflower drama the building, the Cao hold to transport troops the temple, river inthe way, the Cao surname clansmen last homes, China Zu An and morals ratherguild, and thou well museum...etc..Friends, we Bo state, is still the country ofmedicine material, reside four greatest medicines in the whole country all ofhead.On January 12, 1995, chairman Jiang Zeming is us Bo state epigraph:ChinaTuo native district, the country of medicine material.We Bo state not only havea historic monument, celebrity, medicine material, we still longly make wineculture.I believe that our everyone in was affirmative to all once listen to oronce drink ancient well Gong wine., If have you never drunk, that didnt alsorelate to, today small, will take you to ancient well town, take a look makingby fermentation of ancient well wine process, taste our tunnel of ancient wellGong wine.We the Bo is also creating the health tour Bo state for states lastfew years, the time in 20__, we Bo states returning be reviewed "China has thecity of happy feeling most ".Friends, only wish we of the trip of this time Bostate can wash for you mind and body of exhausted, let you also take happyfeeling to leave this city.

Friends, we just, also probably understood 1:00 we Bo state of historyculture, also knew, it was a Three Kingdoms Wei Wu Di Cao held of home town,that now, make little Lyu Dai everyone in the park of Cao surname appreciateconcerning the Cao and held with the cultural object historic monument of Caosurname household.Like, the visitors, we go to of first station be, now, havebeen already arrived, everyone pleases go into a park with me.Cao surname parkbecause have the Cao surname the clansmen last homes inside the park but get,and he and cover 300 acres of, building in order to imitate mans building, thepark is totally divided into four parts:Be in remembrance of area, emperorsmausoleum area and calm down to fix an area and entertainment zone.Be inremembrance of area with the Cao hold memorial hall for corpus, the emperorsmausoleum area is the Cao surname clansmen last homes, set up a stone tabletwood, stone tablet gallery, Yong way etc., calm down to fix area andentertainment zone mainly is be provided for visitor to stop and rest and playhappy place.Like, the visitors, we now the southern front door in Cao surnamepark, please go toward with me in walk, we visit Cao to hold memorial hall.TheCao holds to mainly display Cao to hold wax and exhibition article inside thememorial hall and reflects a thousand years great accomplishments that the Caoholds politics, military and literature.Like, the visitors, we then visit Cao tohold household last home to bury-the Cao is four, and it, be also called itBE"four", and it, it is four hillocks that the southern north arc-shapeddistributes inside the park to is a Cao surname, 8 meters of Gao Zhe Yue, lowabout 5 meters.The last homes surroundings time plants a loose cypress, in thedead of night, the breeze moves branches and leaves, the Sa Sa makes ring, as ifocean big waves, so have "four loose cypress" it to say.The precious culturalobject that the Cao surname clansmen last homes sprout has much, such as silverwisp jade dress and copper wisp jade dress and the Chinese brick engraving tohave various form of written is more than 300 etc.s, bury in these a few lasthomes that have been already discovered in, the greatest

Big be the last home of Cao Teng.Cao Teng, word the quarter is cheerful,the grandfather whom the Cao holds, sealed for the fee station Hou, holdofficial post for more than 30 years, waited on to receive four emperors,backlog a great deal of of the patrimony be afterwards made track for is Gaoemperor.The Cao Teng last home shape is a high big square mound, build to°from824 pieces of granites inside the last home, biggestly grow two meters.The roominside the last home grows 15 ? 3 meters, breadth 10 ? is 2 meters, 3 meters inheight, from Yong way, front room, empress the room, southern north ear room andthing be partial to room 7 stone houses to constitute.The door is to dub outgranite, the symmetry intaglio wears green dragon, woman without pubic hair,Vinaceous Rosefinch and Xuan on the side of door force.Horizontal sum in thestone door is a pair of layers granites, the upper level engraves 《double Fengdiagram 》 , the bottom layer engraves 《keep deer diagram 》 , or so engrave 2people, likeness monster, for the of protecting of last home host.

Like, friends, we are next to go to of place, is a Cao to hold to transporttroops a way.BE leading to destination, whether we see have one to be likesimilar pleasure ground in the park, and it, was justour Bo state to just set upa good Wei the year before last year force square.This square, arrive in theevening particularly of jollification, become 100 to sing and dance here upthousand people, train for physical fitness, amuse a mood.There are also a lotof runt sellers, all coming together of a light repast hereat, that is noisy,seem to be every day is rushing through busy streets.We the Bo state spread sucha folk song from thou:"Cao full, real Xuan, will in groups, the soldier isrepeatedly.Transport troops to train soldiers a horse in way, rush a Bo state tohave China", what this folk song say is a Cao to hold to transport troops a way,and it at big Yu head district.It is said that the soldier for Cao to holds risein revolt is weak will few, he for showing the soldier is many will wide,attraction everywhere the hero return fluently, construct tunnel to lead tothing in city at the Bo state south north four, the life soldiers round wearsmany colors dress, an is four, again from another together turn back, thebeginning and end connects.Everywhere hero hears that the Cao holds soldierstrong Ma Zhuang, can with matter in Chengkong University, in succession come tothis mutually hurl, the Cao holds hence being rising to in group of heroes, atthe same time transport troops a way to continuously transport troops can alsoparalyze an enemy and use surprise tactics.Transport troops a way disheveledhair in 1938s now, and it and take big Yu head inside the city as the centerextends to 4 and builds to°from the green brick, the total length is more than12000 rices, leave 1 ? 8~ in the ground~3 ? is 5 meters, and it have one-wayroad, proceed together a double way, top and bottom double the layer way, turnway types with various etc., moreover still have the cat ear the hole, singlebunker and double persons bunker, obstacle book, trap, air hole, converse boreetc., design very skillful.And this tunnel, there is also a wonderful place, isa strict cold deep winter warmth is like spring here, intense heat midsummerhere cool like deep autumn, be modern have time to adjust can not reach theeffect like this is either.The underground transports troops genuine nexttransport troops a way is a Cao to hold then military can of history witness,its detection and exhumation aroused tremendous sensation in the whole country,is a local scale is the biggest currently, age at the earliest stage, keep themost intact underground military passage.It is praised as "underground GreatWall", it isnt only the miracle on the military history, but also ancient timesto construct one big miracle on the history.

The visitors, and morning, small said the ancient well wine he/she wants totake everyone to taste our Bo state tunnel on the car, and I, will never fail tokeep promise as well.What about now, let lets together go to with driverteacher!The Bo state made wine at the earliest stage, having a history couldcheck is at eastern man last years of the period.It is "nine altar spring wine"to carry the precursor of the wine of ancient well Gong according to thehistorical records, hold to make under charge for the Cao the person make byfermentation, empress the Cao hold to dedicate it to the man to dedicate emperorLiu Xie and dedicate the emperor everyones applause, is a palace it to usewine.From now on, Bo state a take to make wine workshop to grow profusely andquickly to develop.The man sets up Anne for 14 years, the Cao holds for goingdown south to strike against east Wu, return to old house Bo state to make bigantebellum preparation, collect a whole country to make wine a superior to cometo Wo sun at the same time blast furnace creation wine to provide armysupplies.Now with thou of Bo state the well Gong wine and the Wo sun wine in theblast furnace house for the representatives Bo state wine has become the mainforce of Wan wine.Make wine one of the support industries that the industry hasbecome Bo state.We now already till thou well wine culture read extensively apark, and it be located in our Bo state northwestern thou well town, cover 3200square meters.There is four-part cent that constitute:Wine cultural museum,ancient well park and Wei well park and production observe and learn area.Thisreading extensively a park is what thou well group in Anhui invests more than10000 dollarses 1500 to be finished, and the beginning outward open in 1996.Whatabout it, the building style is special, whole layout skillful, Chinese Quedoor, clearly the pure palace forms of"thou well special feature" style, meanancient well Gong wine to begin from a Han Dynasty, is more prosperous thanclearly pure(contribution), is meeting peaceful times today.The visitors, wewhether a scrolls seen big palace clear pillar:Spread Weis well for vintage winethousand years, thick joss-stick ten thousand inside hair the soup is all.Thisscrolls are what Qi achievement Sirs presents.What about exhibition hall and isdivided into four parts, on entering hall, right against the face is a high bigblack wood screen, up inset to have Jiang Zeming total secretary and manyBeijing leaderships photograph linked to the thou well Gong wine.The exhibitionhall described through a great deal of writing, picture and wine culturalhistory cultural object the thou well Gong wine, the the brand that containswine culture at history cultural city of fume the history of pottery growthunder the atmosphere.Still introduced at the same time, concerning culturalhistories, such as wine source, wine government, wine gift, wine teacher andwine interest...etc..

Ascend the second floors, what to come into view is the thou well Gong wineto produce craft process first model.Real object and picture prize that is agreat deal of thou well group the modernization from a hand workshop to todaydevelop the process present at our audience in front.What about the secondfloors, is "the wine constellate", "thou

Well art gallery"two exhibition halls.It displayed national white spiritall previous sessions to review the gold prize that the cocktail party reviewsthe white spirit is 17 kinds of and the whole country is all three review kindwine.The art gallery exhibition hall is mainly the celebritys work and epigraph,such as Qi achievement, Chen Peng, Lyu Ji Min, the Luo Zhe text waits

Come out hall, appreciate the inscription and the ectype that finishes acurving corridor inside, and we, can also go "Sung generation is undergroundthou well" and"eminent contribution cellar pond" visit.The eminent contributioncellar pond is Ming Dynastys cellar pond, and now, still can use.The visitors,we have already arrived at an ancient well park now, the thou well park is typebuildingses in Suzhou, the rockery is pretty, river water Chan Chan, the top ofhill contains station and below the hills has a bamboo, Lin Jian Niao blares.Isthe thou well business reception center here, and is the good whereabouts thatthe visitor takes a rest.

Wei well park, be located in area in the north of distillery, inside havethe ancient well one eye according to carry, spring the native son have alreadyused the well in autumn, till Han Dynasty the tidy water is mainly used formaking wine.There is one ancient Huai tree by the side of Weis well, this isthou well Gong the trademark of the wine, there is ancient well station on thewell, there is Zhao Pu Chu, Chen Peng and Qi inside the station son achievementof Bian.

The visitors, we arrived at the last visit to order~~~the productionobserve and learn area, it mainly from ferment, steam wine and pack three cars,here, you since the well Gong that can grasp till thou the main craft process ofthe wine, can also taste to arrive the fresh wine that the production just cameout.But the good wine can not be greedy for a cup!

On the second day route of travel guides phrase

The visitors, small once says, we the Chinese medicine medicine of the Bostate the industry is it may be said a source far flow long, the common sayingsays well:The world medicine company gathers Bo state, Bo state medicine thecompany rush world.We the Chinese medicine medicine of Bo state develop easternChinese last years of the period and come to an a peak and was also born on theBo state the earth the person-China of one inside medicine field milestone typeTuo.Clearly the pure period is the Bo state Chinese medicine medicine theindustry greatly develops of another high peak, the Bo state becomes the Chineseherbal medicine commercial center of whole country.The reform opens, we the Bostate welcomed the third development high peak.As long as having the medicinematerial the place of the warehouse, have us the Bo state the person.The placethat we want in the morning that today, is cultural the relational place is withChinese medicine medicine.That we the first place for wanting, is filling theair heavy medicine joss-stick of Chinese herbal medicine bargain center.The Bostate is all four greatest medicines in the whole country(Anhui Bo state, theHenan Yu state, Jiangxi greenheart and Hebei Annes country) of head, Chineseherbal medicine bargain centers starting is set up to 1994 covers 387 acres andthrows in an use in 1995 and gets stripe a reformation in 20__ and trades hallarea 32000 square meters, is a local scale is the biggest currently, facilitieshad better, file times Chinese herbal medicine with tallest and the most wholefunction trade the market , here, dided not can not buy of medicine material,dont also can not sell off of medicine material.

Through approval in State Department, since 1985, the Bo state has alreadysuccessfully held 23"Chinese medicine medicine international exposition inChina(Bo state)" in a row and holds on this day on September 9 annually, so weBo state the person be so called:"99 medicines hand over a meeting", this periodto our Bo state is a biggest grand occasion annually, the large numbers offoreign companys guests, international friend and Chinese medicine medicinerepresentative take part in this grand occasion, we the Bo state also hold alarge literature evening party on that day and have large numbers of well-knownentertainers annually the Bo state perform, is like Han Hong, Zhao Wei to us,Wang Li Hong etc..The medicine in past hands over meetings all to hold in theneighborhood of train station, everyone can also see, the train station isleaving not far eastern side in the bargain center, at two years, hold at theour Bo state new city hall, this year later, medicines handing over will hold inthe just- been finished Bo state gymnasium, it is inside new southern area atour Bo state.If next time, you sometimes return to our Bo state, small will takeyou to go to that place and see.Friends, we the Bo state real estate medicinethe material is also known for a whole country, especially the Bo Shao, Bochrysanthemum and Bo mulberry skin, Bo pollen cures square in the house more towin first gradely.Up to 20__, the whole city Chinese herbal medicine plants areato have a whole country pretty much of a, reach to more than 40,000hectares.Have already drunk a slice of production business enterprise 36 throughthe Chinese herbal medicine of national GMP attestation now, take up 44% of thewhole country, the Chinese herbal medicine drinks a slice of yield to take up1/3 of the whole country around, the Chinese herbal medicine import and exportsum has the third in the whole country.Educate aspect in the Chinese medicinemedicine, the Bo state occupation technical college set up Chinese medicinemedicine profession, the Bo set in the state City set up the Chinese medicinemedicine technique school.Currently, we the Bo state have already formed agather a medicine to plant, process, sell, transport, educate, the research,tour is integral whole of industry system.

Friends, we bargain center in the year 20 time start closing the door, hardyear of medicine company by this time also all goes home to like a rest andplaces to do the New Years shopping, preparation New Years Day.Bargain center ofthere are clock building and drum building in southern square, annually 8:18 ofJanuary 16 mornings of lunar calendar, colleague hall in Peking of old alwaysall want to bump a clock in this Lei drum punctually, and then the Chineseherbal medicine bargain of whole country opens for business.Friends, I said somany, also not equal to everyone a see for quick, that we now go to a hundredyears grand old-colleague hall, watch valuable medicine material in the world inthe Bo state!

The visitors, we have already understood, we the medicine material of theBo state industry and culture, and that now, we are still going to visit thefounder-China of Chinese medicine medicine boundary Tuo.China Tuo, word dollarChina, eastern man outstanding medical science house, we Bo state person, hethis from cradle to the grave not wish an official, not Mu fame and wealth, makea deep study medical skill, medicine arrive disease in addition to, driveChinese medicine educational circles your respectful name BE"China Tuo old Zu",he mainly invented to anaesthetize the medicine"hemp the Fei spread" andcompared west early usage to tingle Fei to spread to implement surgicaloperation for patient for more than 1000 years.Created to weave "five birdsdramas"s sport set road, the action of the tiger, deer and bear, ape and bird ofthe mimicry"five lines of theories"s, use to train for physical fitness,strengthen physical endowment, founded an athletics medical treatment toexercise first river.Like, that nows making us drive a car together memorialhall is to R.O.C Tuo.What about it, again China Zu the An is the temple thatrespectfully receives China Tuo and manage the in the past as Ni inside theoriginal temple, so call temple as An.What about it be located in permanentstability street the west carry, "permanent stability" takes China Tuo alwaysguarantor people peaceful idea.China Zu Ans starting is set up to Tang, 80s inlast century original Bo county peoples government carries on greatly fixing ata time, the Bo peoples government in the state City again spends a huge sum torenovate in 20__, become now everyone see of view area.The China Tuo memorialhall wins a view to be known for by"the grass hall is spread to stay joss-stick,cloud bridge to lie wave, five birds to blare a life, the poem stone tablet Mojoss-stick and benefit life to save Jean by voice, medicine" etc..Now China Tuothe memorial hall and China Tuo Be past to reside, China Tuo the Chinesemedicine medicine cultural museum connect for the integral whole.The visitors,we have the horizontal tablet that see the center door, those are those earlyyears Guo Mo if Sir in 1961 in person write.

Like, the visitors, please go into a park with me, come in is a maintemple, main temple ex- have a scrolls, ascend allied:The vegetable theory didntspread a spool of sad jailer fire;Next allied:Door Shu the immortal slice ofspeech be eventually living a person square.What scrolls speak is at time ofdeath China Tuo before will entrust to maintain for jailer from the curing ofZhao book 《green bag through 》 , the jailer doesnt dare to accept, China Tuo hasto it throw in fire in, the book burns half hour, the jailer stungs byconscience, from the material for new fire extrication half department, hencethe in this world had the half department of two great uses the book:One is Sungmutually Zhao Pu cure world with the half department 《Analects 》 , the anotheris half department 《green bag through 》 that is called "live a person square" tosave persons innumerable.China Tuo carving inside the palace is like, is thework that is famous to carve Qian Shao Wu, and the Cao of our train stationholds statue is also come from this masters hand.Up there aring a scrolls on thepillar beam of main temple is a big Manchu dynasty calligraphist to believe inan ability the Zhuan,(while seeing, the contents says) the meaning is to saythat China Tuo creates five birds dramas of plait huge to the mankinds healthyfunction, the achievement can contrast with Emperor Huang of Xuan Yuan.Stilldisplayed some works of China Tuo inside our palace.

Two sides of main temple have 6 sets to carve, and everyone, can take alook, each one carves to all have a small story, here, small is everyones simpleintroduction for a while small story concerning"absolute being needle is tiny,admirable skill":It is said that the Cao holds the disease of having theheadachy disease, once just in the argument matter, suddenly have a headache,please cure to toss about along while too much also useless.The son China Tuo isused a seven inch silver needle, shine on the acupuncture points on the headfirm next go, the instant Cao holds of headache disease then completelyrecovered.Main temple east the side contain two side doors, is gone in by theside door, it is thus clear that from the Yi station, it is the place that ChinaTuo takes a rest to mutually rush.Bo state while being that China Tuo is classicto cure case and Three Kingdoms the exhibition inside the palace peripheralgeography diagram.What the western side of main temple displays is China Tuo inthe pediatrics, surgery, gynecology, Medicine, health, puncture, square medicineetc. of achievement.Led main temple, can immediately see the dollar turn a grasshall, east the set of rooms is a benefit life Xuan, western wing building forsave Jean Zhai.Benefit life Xuans mutually rushing is China Tuo to diagnose veinto treat disease place, saving Jean Zhai is the place that China Tuo depositsmedicine.Save Jean Zhai to have two kind exhibition the article is well worthspeaking, on being to slice medicine knife, two is a medicine Nian son.It issaid that there was a blacksmith to get a heavy disease, be cured by China Tuogood, for expressing appreciation the heart of Helping of China Tuo, theblacksmith sends to China Tuo a slice the tool of medicine-slice medicineknife.Send for a long time, this blacksmith slowly disappears China Tuo to use,till the last just know, China Tuo once swore before, the whole life need notleft hand.Originally time of young China Tuo, cure a heavy disease, think thathe has already canned not save to cure and lets it goes home to makearrangements for funeral and just has old process at this time and think thatthe patient can cure, China Tuo because of young annoy prosperous, hence exportcrazy speech:If you can chase his medical treatment good, I chop down my lefthand.Afterwards the old Jean of that patient cure like, China Tuo hence raiseknife chop down to go to the left hand, be blocked by the old:Cure to have nodestination, you are still young, study hard, hereafter save to cure morepatients.China Tuo keeps firmly in mind this precept and swears that whole lifein no case uses a left hand.The blacksmith esteems highly the personal characterof China Tuo more after knowing, hence with meticulous care develops to by footoperate again of medicine Nian son.

The visitors, led a dollar China grass hall, wash Zhi pond, we was lessonTu building.The lesson Tu building devolution was China Tuo to teach Tu in thoseearly years, spoke to learn of place.Three big words in"lesson Tu building"s arelifted by that big calligraphist Chen is naturals.The lesson Tu front and backof the building has already washed Zhi pond, is those early years China Tuo towash away dirt the place of medicine material.Wash there is one medicine park bythe side of the Zhi pond, it is said that this is the first medicine Pu that isChinese to develop, also a Bo state human race to plant the point of departureof medicine material.

The visitors, we are a tour tourist spot of this end, it may be said pressstalk of, we wanted to once wear the pure old street get into the 4 A class viewarea in nation"Central plains the treasure hide" clearly-flower dramabuilding.Let you appreciate the brick vulture and wood carving art ofmagnificent rival divine skill, the vivid portrayal literary reference makes youlike Chi if inebriate.The tour Zhang Fei Miao and Yue flies thou buildings suchas temple, Zhu Gongs academy and god of fire temple etc., feel we for a whilethe lingering charm of Bo state health culture and thou city old street.

The visitors, before arriving at and spending drama building, we have tosee square and up write four big words in"temple fair square", and that, is usthe sink type of the Bo state square, the square designs medium the west matchBi, west the noodles has a large Chinese man white jade shop;The east containsgossip diagram and the Bo state cultural wall, the western side of cultural wallengraves the Bo state book history the celebrity is 15, the east side engravesBo state to win view diagram.Need a meeting we free activity of time, if you aremore interested in, can cautiously appreciate.The visitors please get into tospend drama building with me, the flower drama building is a national pointcultural object to protect unit, original the song set is a satge ofperformance, is the temple ancestral temple that offers sacrifices to celebrityin Shanxi to close feather, the medicine companies of Shanxi, Shaanxi conductthe ground of the contact of medicine material in the Bo state while being alsoclearly pure, therefore also call "guild in Shanxi", "toll-gate emperortemple."Close the emperor temple lord palace Be set up to pure fluently cure for12 years, the drama building is set up to Kangxi for 15 years, increased againduring the reign of Qianlong many color and carve.The whole building area is3163 square meters, guild of so call in order to spend drama building it, isbecause spend drama building in the hospital the color is gorgeous,magnificent.Aforetime Bo state vulgar cloud:"Suzhou sells good head oil, the Bostate sees flower drama building".

The visitors, we spend drama building to have three extremely, this firstunique, two iron flagpoles before being a center door, each one weighs 6000kilograms, the flagpole is many 16 meters in height, the flagpole divides 5sections, the each stanza divides the Zhu gossip Pan Long Dengs pattern, the topZhu Dan Feng is a , the shape is vivid, be like at lead a neck long blare, theexhibition wings desire flies.Each pole still has the 3 F square Dou to hangbreeze bell total 24, aweather the dingdong makes to ring, clear and crisppleasing.Japanese scholar after investigating to spend drama building theflagpole sighs for the view, 100 think not to get its solution:At that timepeople how solution divided stanza foundry and the problem for welding, did thesuch weight how stand up again, how did it experience rains and winds for 300years but still keep standing erect not to pour?This, also well embodied, we thediligence and intelligence of the Bo state the ancients.We spend drama buildingmust the seconds cutting off is an at present gate to a monastery, it is a 3 Fmemorial arch type that imitates wood structure building, up inset to be knownfor world of stereoscopic water mill brick the vulture is extremely keen, feastfor the eyes.If deeply the big wood that says theatrical stage the vulture isfull of sun just of beautiful of words, that water mill brick vulture thenpresented an another extreme achievement-Yin soft United States.The brickvulture that spends drama building, belongs to Jin to send a badge vulture art,the condition is great, topic abundant but again have inside contact, absorbedNa at the same time badge parties choiceness lovely, knife method carefulcarvings art, even engrave the hairs of person clear, the true feeling,stereoscopic feeling and clairvoyance feeling is the strongest, the skilledsuperb technical skill makes people be full of praise.

The visitors, we have already come right away the flower drama buildingsong now set, the flower drama building song set sits south noodles north, lordbefore the set Tu, both sides each the set with a small wing, or so set up aclock, the drum second floors, allocation have a preface, layer clear thing setof rooms is 2 F several-storied building, is at that time inside the Juan go toopera of reserved box.Northern sides getting this building is to close emperortemple main temple.So formed a courtyard of exact square, at have no acoustic ofancient times, at the right moment form the effect of natural wreath sound.TheYing of song set both sides is allied:A song the spring time awakens now thoudream, two sort features do to serve faithfully adultery.Song set above Zao wellup, have already colored nine, like Long Fengs good luck, pleased top tip ofbrow, recruit a wealth the etc. is into the treasure, the quickly passing timeoverflows colourful, form absolute being and have.Particularly spending thedrama building third extremely is worthy of paying attention to-woodcarving.Believe our visitor has been already seen as well, the top of the songset carves a lot of tasks and pattern.What about this, is use a big wood deeplyvulture carvings but become, this up and totally has a Three Kingdoms drama thetext is 18, the person is several hundred, the expression is each difference,fierce battle between two giants, seem ready to come out.Spend drama building togather a big carvings art to become, is our country satge building of delicacy,construct, carve towards studying ancient times of our country, the histories ofart and drama all have very important value.Like, the visitors, we together getinto to close emperor temple now,

The visitors, we visit now of is a god of fire temple, the Chinese thinkthat the creation all has absolute being, the fire is mankind the sign of thecivilization and mankind exist the material of most, there is certainly alsoabsolute being, this is the virtuous true god of fire-fire gentleman.The god offire temple is the temple of oblation fire virtuous true gentleman, belong to areligion of Taoism building.

We have already arrived at Zhu Gong academy now, and it and start Be set upto feeling Kangxi 37 years are a Bo state the factitiousness is in remembranceof Kangxi the benevolent government that know the Lian of state for year butbuilds of livings an ancestral temple, because is to set up an ancestral templefor still living person, belong to and call academy, but dont call an ancestraltemple.The Lian of , the word companys jade, enters a private for pure Kangxi 31the middle of the years, is sealed to know a mansion for Bo state at the sameyear.He weighs agriculture mulberry while allowing, not tired people,tenaciously impartial.Change Anne to celebrate to know a mansion behind.Kangxi48 years, the Bo state occurrence flood disaster, the epidemic rises everywhere,the people find it hard to live on.The Lian of is again once adjusted Bo state,lead people to pass through disaster, the Lian of at Bo state people anothertime leave a fine impression in the middle of the heart, we Bo state artificialexpress us heart of appreciate of feeling, so set up this academy.Zhu Gongsacademy existing gate to a monastery, over the hall, empress building etc.construct.What mountain wall insets is 46 years of pure Kangxi, Wu Chu Qi writes《Zhu Gongs academy records 》 of combining the book stone tablet.Empress buildingthree, is a hard point mountain type the mountain 2 F floor building, brick woodstructure, the ash tube tile house noodles, the first floor is the place thatoffers sacrifices to the Lian of .

The visitors, we are going now of tourist spot, is a Yue to fly temple, itis to offer sacrifices to south Sung the patriotic famous general Yue fly oftemple ancestral temple, believe the story flying Yue, widely known, here, smallalso no longer did to excessively introduce.We the Bo state set up due torespecting adore the race moral integrity that the Yue flies temple with offersacrifices to, the temple being existing is pure Kangxi year of building.It fromgate to a monastery Chong the building is a , big palace 3 constitutes.Exactcenter have Qin Kuai husband and wifes stone carving to suffer torture to kneelto be like inside the hospital, be provided for person to excoriate.This stillhas a legend to the stone statue:In those early years Yues flying is harmed byQin Kuai clay-cold, Bo state the people were very angry, went to hell, descendedthe parlance of oil pan according to the Buddhism concerning clay-cold badperson, made into two people with the face powder, represent Qin Kuais husbandand wife respectively, put in the oil pan to use to fry in oil to solve thespirit in the heart.Unexpectedly this after eating also want to eat, because ofvery delicious and again solution spirit, quickly become popular, the person whoeat is more and more.The person who does noodles has to with two noodles andpresses together, again Ning for a while, mean that they are husband and wife,put to provide a person after deep-frying in oil pan edible.It is said that thisis the origins of twisted dough-strips

纽扣博物馆的所在地原是一大户人家的住宅：薛宅。此宅建于民国1920xx年，依街傍河，共两进深，与传统建筑相比，薛宅的建筑紧凑、结构简洁、厅堂明亮，是江南传统民居向现代建筑转型过程中的代表。

纽扣博物馆共有六个展厅，楼下是古代纽扣展览区、贝壳纽扣生产工艺流程展览区、中国结展示区，分别展示了中国古代的一系列代钩、我国第一代纽扣及各式各样的中国结，反映了中国纽扣从无到有，从繁到简，从精到粗的发展过程;楼上是近代纽扣展览区、现代纽扣展览区、纽扣应用区，展现了从宋朝到明清时期纽扣的飞跃性发展，并陈列了很多我们日常生活中罕见的贝壳，最值得一提的是，我们在旗袍上见到的极具特色的“盘花扣”在这里也会有工作人员现场演示制作过程，让参观者一解好心之心。

西塘是中国纽扣之乡，有纽扣生产企业近五百家，产量占全国生产交易的40%。钮扣博物馆的开馆开创了中国钮扣史上崭新的一页，也为有着钮扣之乡的西塘增添了一道新的风景线。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen:

Welcome to Beijing, welcome you to participate in the hutong. My name is , you can call me Grace. Since I was young, I grew up in the hutongs. Today I will take you to visit here, if you have any question, I will do my best to give you a satisfactory answer, make your hutong tour pleasant and memorable.

First of all, I will start with the word "hutong". Experts believe that the word "hutong" is derived from the Mongolian language, meaning "well". In ancient times people living and gathered around the well, so the meaning of the word "hutong" should be "in the peoples life. Another explanation is that during the yuan dynasty (13th century), residential area is divided into several regions, areas between the aisles for residents. Another effect of the corridor has been isolated fire. In the Mongolian language, the corridor called hutong. Whatever its exact meaning, one thing is for sure, hutong in Beijing is the first time in the yuan dynasty.

In the 13th century, a Mongolian tribes in the north is becoming more and more powerful. Under the leadership of the tribal leader genghis khan, they occupied the rulers of nations - Beijing. In A.D. 1271, genghis khans grandson Kublai Khan established the yuan dynasty, made in Beijing in 1272 countries. Unfortunately city was completely destroyed in the war, therefore had to be built. In ancient times, built buildings and roads need symmetrical, so they must find a center, according to the citys center building, the design of the whole city is like a checkerboard. About to build more than 50 residential area, residential area between the road and hutongs connect. At the time, road, street, alley has a clear concept. 37 meters wide road, streets of 18 meters wide, hutong is 9 meters wide.

Today, we see most of the hutongs are the Ming and qing dynasties, no one can say exactly how many hutong in Beijing. But one thing is clear, if connect each hutong, a total length more than the famous Great Wall. Speak more clearly, equivalent to build a highway from Seattle to Boston, its across the continental United States! Today you can find different shape, length, and the direction of the hutong. The shortest hutong is only 10 meters long, the narrowest hutong just 40 cm wide, that is to say, like I need to walk sideways to figure through the hutongs, also some hutongs have more than 20.

With the growth of the population, some old hutongs, replaced by the springing up of high-rise buildings. Today, I am very glad to take you to well preserved hutong tour, believe it will make you to a typical Chinese residents have a deeper understanding of life. Ok, go!

When we entered the alley, you may find almost all of the walls and brick are grey. In fact, behind the wall is the home of the residents, we call it the "siheyuan". Which is a rectangle around the walls of the four rooms, each room door toward the courtyard. In the past, a courtyard only belongs to a family, but now with the growth of the population, most of the courtyard four to ten families.

We can only see in the hutong courtyard gate. The ancient Chinese people dont want there to be a stranger to bother, so from the appearance of the door can see the identity and status of the owner. The door, for example, tall and big, the door has brick decorated eaves. Carefully look at its design, Li Zihua and bamboo, which means that the owner was serve the emperor of the nobles. Look next to the door, and there is a lion pattern, suggesting that once lived here attache. Interesting, isnt it?

Lets take a look at the door, almost every door has a bar, do you remember we saw in the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace is also the same bar? The effect is a exorcism asylum. Folklore imp is very short, they are not able to skip the steps of high, so set the crossbar.

It treats two against the crossbar stone pillow, have the effect of reinforcement on its gates. Similarly, it also has a decorative role. The two stone drum stone, like drum has a lion on top of it, in the front with two mouth containing copper bat around. In China, people like bats very much, because its pronunciation is the same as the blessing of blessings, and use it to make adornment to be able to bring good luck for you. Some pillow door is a rectangle, they are after drum stones. They are the product of nearly 100 years, generally appeared at the door of the small and medium-sized siheyuan, usually decorated with flowers and god.

In the past, the traffic is not developed like now, street vendors play an important role in the hutongs, between them in hutong, selling all kinds of goods or provide services. People can distinguish from different cries of what they want to sell or provide what kind of service. They sell food is mainly a pancake, millet congee, Fried fruit, and Fried dough sticks and some vegetables. The barber does not Shouting, he only need to take a haircut tools completes the labor of duty. In the present, but here is modern life atmosphere, is hard to hear the ringing cries of old Beijing.

Over there sat a group of people, you know what are they doing? They were building the new Great Wall! They are using the latest brick - mahjong tiles. It is a very popular pastime, especially in the retired old people.

You may want to ask, why some old people wear red band? Their neighborhood volunteers, they think it is their duty. If you think they are too old to work rather than their armbands, youd be wrong. Because of these lovely old man, the region will be peaceful and safe environment.

The biggest charm of hutong life is friendly exchanges between people. The children grew up together, like a family. Therefore, Chinese government intends to protect this area without government approval, shall not dismantle sloshing in this region, maintain this precious heritage for our children and grandchildren.

Time really fast! Today were going to end in the travel. You must have learned that many of our traditional way of life and the housing situation, I hope you not only view, and learn more about hutong culture and people here. If one day you visit again, I will invite you to my home.

Thank you all! Hope you enjoy the rest of the trip to China!

Distinguished guests

Hello everyone, welcome to Huashan!

Im Lin Rui, the tour guide of Xian magic travel agency. Im glad to beyour tour guide. As the saying goes, its 50 years since we built the tour. Ihope that under the leadership of Xiao Lin, Huashan will leave you a goodmemory!

First of all, I would like to talk about the precautions:

First point: Huashan, which we are going to visit today, is famous for itsprecipitousness. We must pay attention to safety. The most important thing is toremember to walk without looking at the scenery. Dont look over the fence,dont go to dangerous places such as cliff edge to visit or take photos. Do notdeliberately pursue the effect of the photographer. Tourists with children musttake good care of their children.

The second point: we should pay attention to the time and place ofassembly, so as not to delay the journey. Remember my number andkeep in touch. In Huashan, except for the huangpuyu tourist road, which has nosignal for 30 minutes, there are basically signals. Some places have bettersignals, and some are worse.

Now let me give you an overview of Huashan. Huashan Mountain is a part ofQinling Mountains. It was formed 700 million years ago and is commonly known as"Xiyue". Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty named the mountain in five directions as holymountain. Huashan Mountain is located in the west, so it is called "Xiyue". Inancient times, these five famous mountains correspond to the five elements ofancient China, which are gold, wood, water, fire and earth. In the west, Huashanbelongs to gold. The shape of Huashan is just like a gold ingot. When we get tothe north peak of Huashan, Id like you to take a picture with Huashan at theplace where Jinyong Huashan talks about swords.

Huashan is named Huashan because it looks like a flower from a distance.Ancient flowers are similar to Huashan, so it is named Huashan!

In 1996, Huashans cable car was opened to traffic, ending the ancienthistory of Huashans one road. Today, we are climbing by cable car. First, weneed to transfer to the Huashan Mountain special line. Now we are driving on thehuangpuyu tourist road. Have you ever seen the movie "get Huashan wisely"? Thisis the way to find a guide in those years. The huangpuyu tourist road from theticket office to Huashan cableway is 7.66 km long. It took 20__ years forHuashan to be liberated. Han zi, the commander of Hu zongnans No.6 Baoanbrigade, was wearing a 4-year tour guide More than 200 people occupied themountain as the king. Our pla couldnt fight from the front. We bypassed theback mountain and succeeded in the surprise attack. The movie made according tothis incident was called "surprise attack on Huashan". Later Premier Zhou saw itand said that it fully demonstrated the wisdom and bravery of the PLA. Later, itwas renamed "capture Huashan with wisdom".

We dont want to go on a flat road now. Lets go on the Zhikao HuashanRoad, which is part of the walking road over there. I want to see if you haveacrophobia and whether you can go to canglongling of Huashan. It has the sameslope as other roads, but its much shorter. If your body is suitable forclimbing, Ill let you go and even conquer here No, I will advise you to go downthe mountain if you go up to Beifeng and take a picture.

Go straight up the mountain and feel the danger of Huashan. As the sayinggoes, its easy to go up the mountain but difficult to go down the mountain.Its a zigzag road to go down the mountain. Its safe and easy to master thebalance of the body.

When we get to Beifeng, lets go through Beifeng hotel first, but dontworry too much. There is a map of Huashan in Beifeng hotel. I want to tell youabout it. When we go up the mountain, we may be separated. We need to getfamiliar with the terrain before we can conquer Huashan!

This is the place to look at the map. Dont worry. Dont look at the map.Between the two eaves, the East peak of Huashan looks like a bald eagle. Itsthe best place to watch the sunrise. Its crowded with tourists in the morning,also known as Chaoyang peak. Which is Xifeng next to it? Its straight, like aknife cut. In the movie of outwitting Huashan, its the enemy headquarters. Itis also the place where the legend "the lotus lamp" took place.

Now lets turn around and look at this map to see if the top of Huashanlooks like a treasure. The two peaks on both sides are East and West peaks, andthe peak in the middle is Nanfeng, the highest peak of Huashan Mountain. It isthe place where the legendary martial arts masters compete and discuss swords.There is also the most dangerous long sky plank road of Huashan Mountain.

We are located in the north peak. After passing through chaeryan, we canget to canglongling. After canglongling, we can get to the golden gate of Wuyunpeak. Jinsuoguan is the only way for the four peaks above, East, West, South andmiddle. When you get there, you can decide to visit any one of the peaks, or youcan visit all four by the way.

We came up from Huangpu valley. Another road is called Huashan Road sinceancient times. If you follow me up a few more steps, you can see the ancientHuashan Road.

Now look down, the Yangchang path is the way to Huashan. It takes aboutthree or four hours to walk from the foot of the mountain to Beifeng!

Many times, see words about lijiang in travel magazine. In the article, and can only be drifted off the outline of lijiang is roughly a shape. Finally unbearable curious and decided to look at himself.

What is real, just discover the charm of lijiang cannot hide.

Though lijiang experienced an earthquake hit, however, the ancient city of presented today in good condition, really impressive.

Although many visitors, but still not impede the perfection of its quiet beautiful.

If say the west lake calm without a billow of intrinsic lucrative ci, such as wide charm of the taihu lake and graceful belle, that in my eyes, the lijiang, more like a girl, not yet married in purdah with ignorance of limpid eyes looked at the tourists from all over the world. While her ignorance, not because of stupid and isolation, but inherent trust in the world, the pursuit of human nature is the most pure nature.

Walk alone along the green flag of the ancient city of lijiang road, despite the hustle and bustle around, but when listening to the baseboard and bluestone knocking sound, the heart is very quiet. Just want to live the rest of my life here, the sunrise, whether. More like the ancient way of life. Even if difficult, even without the neon of prosperous, but as long as you can with the stone road, stone bridge, clear water, the breeze stroke face everyday, wicker flying, is already enough.

With Ruth mood walk here, where a worry should step to the next, so long as accompanies with this beautiful have dont have to speak. Are not afraid to get lost, anyway, no matter when, the ancient city of of primitive simplicity of folk will refer to led me where is the way home. Now, only need to take daily life very precious hours to calm, will be enough.

After numerous small store on the way, whats inside, cheap delicate, fondle admiringly. Have no such impulse, want to buy many things, even if back also is useless, but now came in hand, no matter how to dont want to put down.

Manage to make do it is not possible. Repeatedly to weigh the pros and cons, bought a belt with the hand catenary of style restoring ancient ways. Put on the arm of the slender, have bigger, sliding up and down on the forearm. Small pieces of the chain OO rustling ringing off the hook, but how also wont feel upset. As the ancient town, always quiet and not anxious. So I think about it, no matter how impatient and calculating the daily, here, is inevitably stop stop to enjoy! What bargaining skill, here, with really will feel ashamed.

Clear water, without pollution. The young fish in the river, clever swinging tail, gently artful artful pick a spray to swim around. When looking at their corners of the mouth is cant help laughing. Like watching newborn children, with the changes have not experienced the vicissitudes of ethereal lively glides across the heart, provoking heart trembled, shake up a wave of tender.

Cant help but think of the very lovely to make a sentence: "fish swim, water is very lively."

I want to, and only the heart of a child will have such a special imagination! Similarly, only with a childlike have tarnished heart silently watching, can find the beauty of the ancient city of lijiang.

I have some things in life, is always help themselves. But I am glad, lijiang is also such a place, can let me calm down, and even content with life here, every day, as long as can look at the ancient city of every inch of land, every plant, every stone bridge, it is good.

So even if leave, as long as, in here, I return to the nature of innocence. Like a child, what to do, dont have to care about the consequences, as long as happy, as long as the feel this world purity, horse, would not regret.

Small bridge, flowing water, somebody else, in the heart very clear, I will never miss.