苏州博物馆英文导游词精选20篇

Welcome to Shaoxing Lu Xun Memorial Hall. Shaoxing is a famous historicaland cultural city with outstanding people and brilliant stars since ancienttimes. Lu Xun, a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionist, is oneof the outstanding representatives. Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, wasborn on September 25, 1881 in a dilapidated family of feudal literati andbureaucrats in the capital of Shaoxing. He started at the age of 7 and studiedin Sanwei bookstore at the age of 12. When he was 13 years old, his grandfatherwas jailed for bribery in the imperial examination. His father, Zhou Boyi, fellill and suffered a lot from the decline of his family. When Lu Xun was 18 yearsold, he resolutely "took a different road, fled to other places, and went toNanjing and Japan to study. After returning to China in the summer of 1909, hesuccessively engaged in teaching and literary creation in Hangzhou, Shaoxing,Beijing, Xiamen, Guangzhou and Shanghai. On October 19, 1936, he died of illnessat his home in Shanghai new village. He was 56 years old.

Lu Xun spent more than one third of his life in Shaoxing. He not only spenthis childhood and adolescence in his hometown, but also carried out his earlyteaching practice, literary creation and social revolutionary activities. Thelife experience of his hometown not only has a great influence on hisideological development, but also is an important source of his literarycreation. Today, we are going to follow the footsteps of this great man andvisit his hometown.

Now we come to Lu Xuns birthplace - Lu Xuns former residence. Lu Xunsformer residence is located at the west head of the Zhoujia new gate at theentrance of Duchang Fangkou. The new gate of the Zhou family is the place wherethe Zhou family has lived for many years. It was built in the Jiaqing period ofthe Qing Dynasty, facing south from the north, with green tiles, pink walls,brick and wood structure. It is a typical deep courtyard in the south of theYangtze River. In 1918, the house, together with the herb garden behind it, wassold to Zhu, a neighbor in the East. After the change of ownership, most of theoriginal houses have been demolished and rebuilt, but the main part of Lu Xunsformer residence is fortunately preserved, so today we are lucky to see theoriginal Lu Xuns former residence.

These two black stone storehouse gates were originally the side gates ofZhou Jiaxins gate, where Lu Xuns family went in and out.

This ordinary mud flat house is the place where Lu Xuns family used toplace vehicles. As we all know, Shaoxing is known as "Venice of the East".Therefore, most families are equipped with water transportation. The two talloars are used on big ships, while the two small oars are used on black canopies.Sedan chair is a means of land transportation, among which the sedan bar is theoriginal of Lu Xuns family.

From the right door, through the corridor, to the "sweet scented osmanthushall". Mingtang is commonly known as Tianjing in Shaoxing. There used to be twolush osmanthus plants planted here, hence the name of Osmanthus Mingtang. WhenLu Xun was a child, he used to lie on a small table under the osmanthus tree insummer to enjoy the cool. His stepgrandmother Jiang, while shaking a banana fan,played riddles for Lu Xun and told stories such as "cat is the master of thetiger" and "water overflows the Golden Mountain". Lu Xun was influenced by folkliterature since childhood and provided rich materials for his later literarycreation. Later, he had vivid memories in his articles such as dog, cat, mouseand on the collapse of Leifeng Pagoda.

Through the sweet scented osmanthus hall, you come to Lu Xuns bedroom. Inthe summer of 1909, Lu Xun returned to his hometown from Hangzhou after studyingin Japan. He successively held teaching posts in Shaoxing Fuzhong school andShanhui Junior Normal School. This bedroom was his bedroom and study when he wasteaching in Shao. Lu Xun often prepared lessons and wrote late into the night.His first classical Chinese novel nostalgia was written here. The iron pearwooden bed on display in the bedroom is the original of that year.

Through the slate patio, facing is the well preserved two floors and twobottoms of Lu Xuns former residence. The first half of Dongshou is the mainplace for Lu Xuns family to eat and meet guests. Shaoxing is commonly known as"xiaotangqian". When Lu Xun was a teacher in Shaoxing, he often receivedvisiting friends and students here. The leather chair in the upper right cornerof the living room was used by Lu Xuns father. Lu Xuns father was dismissed asa scholar after his grandfather Zhou Fuqings cheating on dance in the imperialexamination hall. He was depressed and depressed. After that, he was so sickthat he was mistaken by a quack doctor that he died at the age of 36. From thenon, Lu Xuns family fell into predicament from a well-off family. After a seriesof family changes, young Lu Xun suffered from the coldness and coldness of theworld. He saw the degeneration and ugliness of the upper class society, whichhad a great impact on his thought and embarked on the road of seeking truth.

Separated from the living room is Lu Xuns mothers room. The Eight Leggedbed in the south is the original one that Lu Xuns mother, Lu Rui, had slept in.The little bed in the East is the bed that Lu Xuns brother ZHOU Jianren used tosleep in.

On the table by the window are displayed the things that Lu Xuns motherused to do needlework. Lu Rui, Lu Xuns mother, was born in anqiaotou, Shaoxing.She was kind and resolute. She was able to read books through self-study. Lu Xunadmired his mother and once said, "if my mother is 20 or 30 years younger, shemay become a heroine." Luri is indeed an extraordinary mother. Her three sonsare known as "the three heroes of the Zhou family" in the modern literaryworld.

To the west of the small hall is Lu Xuns stepgrandmother Jiangs bedroom.Lu Xun was deeply impressed by the stepgrandmother, who was cheerful andhumorous, and often told stories and riddles to his nephews andgrandchildren.

A patio away from Luruis bedroom is the kitchen where Lu Xuns familycooks and cooks. In front of the kitchen, the "three eye stove" used by the oldrich family in Shaoxing was restored according to the memories of the peopleconcerned. Pictures and words praying for blessings and avoiding evil spiritswere painted on the walls of the stove. The kitchen cover on the north wall wasmade by Zhang Fuqing, the "busy month" of Lu Xuns family. Zhang Fuqingsometimes brought his son to carry water for help, and became a close friendwith Lu Xun. Lu Xun and Yunshui met for the first time in this kitchen. "Purpleround face, wearing a small felt hat and a bright silver collar around hisneck", it was this water transportation that made Lu Xun realize a strange worldthat he could not see in books. In 1921, when Lu Xun wrote his novel hometown,he took water transportation as a model and created the vivid artistic image of"leap soil".

The three rooms in the back are where Lu Xuns family stores rice and farmtools. The one on the right is Zhang Fuqings residence. In the middle is thecorridor leading to BaiCaoYuan.

Ladies and gentlemen, now we can see that this garden is the famous"BaiCaoYuan". Although the name of BaiCaoYuan is elegant, it is actually anordinary vegetable garden. It was a deserted vegetable garden shared by morethan a dozen families in xintaimen at that time. Usually, some melons andvegetables were planted for drying rice in autumn. In his childhood, Lu Xunoften played with his friends in the herb garden, enjoying the cool in the shadeof trees in summer and catching crickets in the mud wall in autumn. In winter,we catch birds in the snow. As for BaiCaoYuan, Lu Xun once described it vividlyin his famous prose from BaiCaoYuan to Sanwei bookstore. In the article, hewrote with infinite affection: "it is not necessary to say the green vegetablebeds.

Smooth stone well fence, tall acacia tree, purple mulberry Just around theshort mud wall, there is infinite interest. " What we see now is the landscapein Lu Xuns works. When Lu Xun was 12 years old, his family sent him to Sanweibookstore to study. He had to say goodbye to his crickets, raspberries andMulian, and went to the most severe private school in the city to study. Nowlets say goodbye to everything here and follow Lu Xuns article from BaiCaoYuanto Sanwei bookstore.

From Lu Xuns former residence, walking hundreds of steps to the East,walking south through a stone bridge, and entering through a black paintedbamboo silk door, you will arrive at Sanwei bookstore, where Lu Xun studied inhis youth. Sanwei bookstore is a famous private school in Shaoxing City in thelate Qing Dynasty. It used to be the study of Shou family. Lu Xun began to studyhere at the age of 12. His five-year study career benefited him a lot,accumulated rich cultural knowledge, and laid a very solid foundation for hisfuture literary creation.

The plaque of "Sanwei bookstore" is hanging in the middle of the library,and there is a pair of clasps on both sides of the pillars: "music is silent,filial piety is the only thing; Taitang flavor is poetry." They were all writtenby Liang Tongshu, a famous calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty. What is "threeflavors?" according to Mr. Shou Jingwus son: "reading classics tastes likerice, reading history tastes like food, and a hundred schools of thought tastelike vinegar." Among them, acyl is condiment. There is a picture of pine anddeer hanging under the plaque. Every day, students should salute the plaque andthe picture before they start reading.

大家好，我是你们的导游。欢迎来参观苏州古典园林。现在，我们将做几个小时的车到达苏州古典园林。

苏州城历史悠久，私家园林始建于公元前6世纪，至明代建园之风尤盛，清末时城内外有园林170多处。为苏州赢得了“园林之城”的称号。现存名园十余处，闻名遐尔的有沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园、留园、网狮园、怡园等。苏州园林战地面积小，采用变换无穷、不拘一格的艺术手法，以中国山水花鸟的情趣，寓唐诗宋词的意境，在有限的空间内点缀假山、树木，安排亭台楼阁、池塘小桥，使苏州园林以景取胜，景因园异，给人以小中见大的艺术效果。拙政园享有“江南名园精华”的盛誉。宋、元、明、清历代园林各具自然的、历史的、文化的、艺术的特色。

现在我们到达了古典园林大家可以下车了，请有各位游客朋友们注意：进了古典园林之后，请不要随地吐痰，乱扔垃圾，谢谢。

现在，我们要去寒山寺，相信大家都听说过。当然，说到寒山寺，大家自然会想起“姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船”的诗句吧!因唐初有个叫寒山的和尚未在这里住过而得名。现在寺内存碑一方，上刻张继写的《枫桥夜泊》一诗。 好了，今天的游园活动到此结束，愿大家旅途愉快，谢谢。

中国黄酒，天下一绝，是华夏民族的国粹。绍兴黄酒是中国黄酒的杰出代表，也是绍兴的“金名片”，其酿制技艺更是首批国家级非物质文化遗产保护对象。绍兴黄酒历史悠久，技艺精湛，得天独厚的酿造条件和卓越的内在品质，闻名中外，被誉为东方名酒之冠。

绍兴黄酒城坐落于绍兴古老的光相桥边、绍兴环城河畔，占地28000余平方米，集文化、历史、旅游、购物于一体，作为核心的黄酒博物馆是国内第一家专业性的以黄酒文化和产业文化为主题的博物馆，占地近10000平方米。博物馆通过各种陈列手段全面展示了黄酒的悠久历史和文化精髓，提供酒道表演、花雕演示、花雕品鉴等服务，还推出酒令投壶、花雕DIY、三维投币品酒、个性化酒标制作等活动，并设有茶室、酒楼、购物商场等休闲设施，是一个融黄酒博览、文化研究、收藏交流、休闲娱乐、旅游购物等功能于一体的综合性文化旅游体验圣地。

博物馆占地三万平方米，建筑面积一点六万平方米，为中国最大的黄酒博物馆。在博物馆广场上，有结合绍兴特色和酒文化特色的“品”字型花岗岩石雕、“青铜六礼”锡青铜雕塑、“壶酒兴国”广场主题浮雕、酒坛垒成的“城墙”、重达二十七吨的“酒器皿”等，是个酒韵流芳、经世传承的艺术品。黄酒博物馆的设计非常具有特色，汇聚众多中国之最：国内最大的木榨;国内最大的黄酒器皿;国内最大的地下酒窖和用九百三十六只酒坛垒成的“城墙”。

Changshu city in jiangsu province is located in the Chinese economy most developed Yangtze river delta, the conjugate of the Yangtze river golden waterway of the throat, adjacent to Chinas biggest economic center of Shanghai, and in the arms of suzhou, wuxi, nantong and other large and medium-sized cities, has a unique geographical advantage. Changshu the amphibious transportation is convenient, in highway. 204 national highway running through the territory, Su Chang line connecting shanghai-nanjing expressway. Suzhou-jiaxing-hangzhou expressway, coastal expressway in construction and planning of the railway, sutong bridge along the river in the intersection, changshu has become an important transport hub in east China. Changshu is located in the Yangtze river delta development zone along the Yangtze river, east on Shanghai, south suzhou, wuxi west, north near the Yangtze river and nantong across the river. The citys total area of 1164 square kilometers and a population of 1.039 million, with 24 towns and yushan mountain forest farm. Within the territory of flat terrain, the climate is mild, the good crop weather, because the harvest year after year the name "changshu", known as "jiangnan land of fish and rice" reputation. Is the national famous historical and cultural city, changshu, after five thousand years of civilization developed leather, culture developed, talents and heroes. Far a xing wu culture and education, the pioneers of the hole door "one of the ten zhe" south "master" suppress and nearly have qing dynasties royal preceptor, prime minister weng dowa etc. A large number of famous historical figures.

From tang dynasty to qing dynasty, a total of nine prime minister, eight champions, 483 jinshi. When modern, members (department members), changshu 18, including li qiang, wang kan-chang, gwong dau cheung, Zhang Qinglian such as a well-known scientist. History to changshu left plenty of humanities landscape, listed in the national taihu lake scenic area of yushan mountain national forest park, the monk, shajiabang scenic area, make changshu is famous at home and abroad of tourist attraction. "Seven streams is sea water, green hill half into the city" human natural landscape, changshu has created a unique amorous feelings. In 1997, was the provincial government named the provincial garden city, in 1999, changshu smoothly through the national sanitary city assessment. Changshu is a by the well-off towards basic modernization of cities. Since the reform and opening, changshu make full use of its own location advantages and cultural advantages, carry forward the "unity, hard, realistic and innovative" spirit of changshu, hard work, pioneering spirit, economic and social undertakings have made substantial progress, comprehensive strength enhanced obviously, the sixth year in a row to keep the national "top ten god of wealth county" title, the "national comprehensive strength counties (city)", "national science and technology counties (city)".

20xx 25.8 billion yuan GDP, gross industrial output value 45 billion yuan, the total import and export of $1.561 billion, total retail sales of social consumer goods 6.87 billion yuan, fiscal revenue was 2.436 billion yuan. The whole city economy and various social undertakings maintained a healthy development momentum. Developed economy, science and education progress, market prosperity and social stability of the new changshu is moving toward modernization basic target stride forward. Changshu convenient traffic, only an hour away from Shanghai hongqiao airport. Telecommunications has Cheng Konghua full implementation, is the first population of more than millions of telephone city in jiangsu province. Colleges and universities in the city has 2, 1 national demonstration high school, vocational school 2, 7 provincial key middle school. Changshu is a national "spark technology concentration areas," top ten patent counties (city), in the "national science and technology comprehensive strength counties (city)".

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.

Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.

On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

Notes:1. the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵2. the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园3. Sanskrit 梵语4. Uigur 维吾尔语

There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.

Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to theManchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)

Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.

Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.

As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

首先我代表青年旅行社各位的到来。我叫林媛是青旅的一名导游，大家可以叫我小林。

这位是我们的司机王师傅，他驾车经验很丰富，大家可以放心乘坐。我们现在开车前往古文化街，中午12：30用餐，下午游览鼓楼商业街，晚上5点返回酒店。在接下来的游览活动中请大家多多配合我的工作，我也会给您提供最优质的服务，最后在此预祝您旅游愉快顺利。

大家注意一下，我们就快要到古文化街了，我在这先给大家简单地介绍一下。它是一条具有天津地方特色的商业街。在元代随着漕运的发展和天后宫建筑的出现，开始有人在宫的周围定居下来，慢慢就形成了街市。清代时，这里达到了空前的繁荣。古文化街以它独特的四味“中国味，天津味，古味，文化味”吸引着国内外的游客，唤起了天津居民对优秀民间文化传统的钦敬之情。

大家注意一下，现在是9：30，我们12：00准时回到车上，请大家记住，我们所乘的车是韩国大宇车，车牌号为津AT8210而且在车前窗右下方有“天津青旅”字样。好了，请大家带好贵重物品，按顺序下车。

古文化街是以天后宫为中心，分为“宫北大街”和“宫南大街”，我们现在就是在宫南大街的街口。我们一来到这里，大家就看到了这富贵气派的清代大式牌楼。同样在宫北大街的街口也有一座。他们造型精致瑰丽，不仅达到了“先声夺人”的效果，也把古文化街仿古建筑群烘托得典雅秀美，层次分明。

我们抬头看在这块匾额上写着“津门故里”四字。金代时统治北方的金人就是在这里建立了天津最早的建制直沽寨。今日天津市区也是以这为中心，逐渐发展形成的，它对天津的形成起了很重要的作用，称作津门故里是当之无愧的了。

而北面楼匾写的是“沽上艺苑”。古文化街无论建筑风貌，店铺装修，匾额楹联，经营商品都带有浓郁的艺术气息。所以把它称作沽上的一处“艺苑”也是再恰当不过的了。另外当我们进入街上的店铺时会看到店铺门面檐下，枋间有着一幅幅清代的苏式彩画，而且每一幅都有着情节和典故，大家一会儿不妨猜一猜上面画的是什么。好下面就让我们走进这条古老的街道，来领略一下它特有的古建筑和文化特色。请大家跟紧我。

我们现在看到的就是天后宫的山门了。“先有天后宫，后有天津城。”这是天津人对城市发展通俗而生动的说法。天后宫俗称“娘娘宫”，它始建于元代泰定三年(1326年)，明代永乐元年重建，为天津市区现存最古老的建筑。它与福建湄州妈祖庙，中国台湾北港朝天宫并称为世界三大天后宫。天后宫供奉的是宋代福建莆田县贤良港出生的林默。传说她自幼聪慧，15岁便精通医理为人治病，还常常渡海救助遇险的渔民;她还能观察风云变化，预测天气，被人们尊称为神女，后来加封为天妃，天后,成为人们信仰的海神。

不知大家有没有发现这个问题。在我国，寺庙一般都坐北朝南。然而，天津天后宫却是个例外：坐西朝东。这是因为当时有些船只没有时间或其他原因无法靠岸，如果天后宫就坐西朝东，面向海河，船民，商贾就可以在船上朝拜天后，祈求平安了。现在就让我们到里面去参观一下天后宫。大家跟我走。

我们从山门一进来首先看到的就是这两侧的钟鼓楼。这个是钟楼它和对面的鼓楼最初都建于元代，但后来多次被重修，可谓是历尽沧桑。我们看这个钟上铸有66只象征吉祥的仙鹤，大家可以敲一敲。敲它一声百顺，二声如意，三声安康。

我们现在所在的呢是前殿，中间这一位就是道教护法神中地位最高的王灵官，百姓称赞他说“三眼能观天下事，一鞭惊醒世间人”。他两侧的这四位就是天后娘娘的四位侍从，他们千里眼，顺风耳，加善和加恶。

从前殿出来，我们现在就来到了正殿。它是由三座建筑勾连搭建组成的，前面的一座为卷棚悬山顶，面阔三间，进深一间;中间的为七檩单檐庑殿顶，面阔，进深均为三间;后面接着一个凤尾殿，也是卷棚悬山顶，面阔进深均为一间。拒考证正殿不仅是天津市区最古老的建筑，它也是我国现存年代较早的天后宫建筑之一。大家看到这正中的就是天后娘娘了，她的前后左右分别是她的四位侍女，平时这里总是香火不断，很多人来朝拜天后祈求平安。

下面我们在到正殿两旁的南北配殿看一看。

这里就是南配殿。它供奉的是天津的民间神。这位是王三奶奶，据说她是个走乡串村，给人看病的巫婆，素以慈善为本，相传摸一摸王三奶奶的手可以治百病。

从天后宫里走出来，这里就宫前广场了。前面的是过去酬神演出的戏楼。在现在的宫前广场上还有象杨柳青年画，泥人张等的专卖店，那么在剩下的时间里，大家可以自由的游览，购物，一定注意安全。最后再嘱咐一句，12点之前回到车上，还是在南街的街口。好，现在大家就可以解散了。

各位朋友，这次的旅游活动就要结束了，我也要和大家说再见了。非常感谢大家对我工作的支持，对我工作中不尽如人意的地方由衷的说一声对不起，也希望您提出宝贵的意见，最后，我祝大家在今后的生活中身体健康，万事盛意。

Wuzhen lies in the far north-east of Zhejiang province, about 90 minutes byroad from Shanghai. The name "water town" is especially apt; besides lying onthe Grand Canal, the settlement is completely encircled by two rivers - the DongShi and a smaller tributary, which meet at a T-junction. No matter where youstand, water provides the backdrop, the raison d锚tre of the whole town.

About 250 families used to live in the old quarter of Wuzhen. However,following the "restoration" of the town, many townsfolk have been moved out tothe "new" Wuzhen, an attractively landscaped but otherwise characterleapartmentblock 15 km down the road towards Shanghai. Those who remain are mainly theelderly and craftspeople. While I was assured that there is nothing to stop newresidents moving into the old town, young people nowadays seem strangelyabsent.

The old wooden shops of Wuzhen look ageleand immovable, as though theirtimbers have totally defied the ravages of time. At first, one suspects that thecustodians of the town have tried to cover up the decomposing processes ofnature. But look more closely and you find slow rot setting in around the basesof the doorframes, and splinters breaking away from the lintels. What littlerestoration has been done is so inconspicuous as to be totally indistinguishablefrom the original.

All the buildings in Wuzhen are in Ming or Qing Dynasty style. One palatialestablishment is the "Double Happiness" Marriage Shrine. Twin hearts are joinedin a nouveau-Chinese character in gilt upon a flaming crimson background,presumably depicting the inseparability of marriage - perhaps the Chinese knowsomething that we Westerners dont.

Wuzhen also has some unique attractions, including Yu Liuliangs Coin andPaper Money Exhibition. Nearby (would you believe) stands a Pawnshop Museum, asif to prove that usury is universal. (Maybe fortunately, Wuzhen has the onlysuch establishment Ive ever come across). I tried looking for a Qing Dynasty DVDplayer in the pawnshop, but was sadly disappointed.

No fewer than eight stone bridges crothe Dong Shi River, the grandest ofthem being the Fengyuan Double Bridge. The bridge is separated into two parts bya wooden sluice gate. Cyclists carry their bikes acrothe high arches of thebridges, which are designed to let boats paunderneath without difficulty.

Back in the main square, the elders are still hanging out. On the villagestage, a performance of Peking Opera is underway. Acrothe square, a masterpuppeteer entertains visitors with a shadow-play of the type known in Java aswayang kulit. But while the Javanese version of shadow puppetry is subtle andrefined, the Wuzhen style has the protagonists attacking each other with theferocity of tigers.

Whether by accident or design, this town seems to have been dropped intoits watery setting by a master town planner from another galaxy. A more perfectlocation for a settlement would be difficult to find. It is fervently to behoped that tourism will augment rather than destroy the unique ambiance ofWuzhen.

Hello, everyone. First of all, on behalf of the youth travel agency,welcome to Tianjin. Im your tour guide. My name is Qinxiang, and you can callme Xiaoqin. Now lets introduce our driver master Li. Master Li has many yearsof driving experience and is very familiar with the road conditions, which willmake you feel very comfortable. If you encounter any difficulties during thejourney, you can feel comfortable Hard, must tell me, I will serve youwholeheartedly, also hope you can cooperate with our work, let us share abeautiful journey! Wish you a happy journey!

The scenic spot we are going to visit today is the ancient culture street.The ancient culture street is a street with Tianjin local characteristics, whichis located in gongnangong North Street, Nankai District, with the location of"Tianhou Palace", one of the three Mazu temples in China. Gongnan Gongbei streetwas formed before the? D? D Tianjin was built in December 1420__. In 1985, thecity government restored its traditional style and named it "Ancient CultureStreet". For decades, Tianjin has been known as a "food street and culturalstreet". The ancient culture street is different from the general commercialstreet. It gathers all kinds of handicrafts and cultural goods from all overTianjin and even the whole country. Among them, the willow youth paintings, clayfigurine Zhang Caisu and kite Weis kites are most famous at home and abroad.The whole street is full of strong Chinese flavor, Tianjin flavor, ancientflavor and cultural flavor.

Well, we have come to the parking lot of the scenic spot. Please rememberthat our car is white dayutong, and the license plate is Jin a1234. At 4 pm, thecar will be waiting for you in Gongbei street. Please take your valuables andget off with me.

The first thing that catches our eyes is a tall and majestic archery withgold painting and green top Zhuying. The color painting on it is called xuanzicolor painting, with the word "hometown of Jinmen" written on it. It definitelypoints out that the area near the ancient culture street was a settlement 820__years ago, where the Jin people who ruled the North established Zhigu village,the earliest supervision of Tianjin city. Todays Tianjin is formed by thegradual development of this area as the original central area. It has alwaysbeen a prosperous commercial area in Tianjin for six or seven hundred years,which has played an immeasurable role in the development of Tianjin. It is welldeserved to be called the hometown of Tianjin.

Well, please follow me into this street. Youve noticed that many shops inthis street do not have colorful paintings under the eaves and in the rooms.These are Kaiguang Qing style Su paintings, most of which are character stories.Lets take a look at the color paintings of Fangjian, your excellency Jizhen. Onthe top are eight paintings from the romance of the Three Kingdoms, including"the romance of the Three Kingdoms in Taoyuan", "the battle of Lu Bu inhulaoguan", "Lu Bu playing Diaochan in fengyiting" and "refusing Cao inDangyang". On the other hand, Fangjian in Liyuan Pavilion is painted the classicopera Xixiang Ji, which describes the love story between Cui YingYing and ZhangJunrui . In addition to the Su paintings mentioned above, the buildings aredecorated with wood carvings and brick carvings. There are nearly 100 plaques inthe street, most of which are made by famous calligraphers all over the country.You can watch as you walk and savor carefully.

Well, now we have come to the square in front of the palace. The famous TinHau palace is located here. Before entering the Tin Hau palace, lets take alook at the opposite theater building. The theater building is a wooden platformbuilding. It faces west in the East, connects Haihe River in the East, and facesthe square in front of the palace in the West. There is a stage on the top and apassage below. The theater was demolished during the cultural revolution. Thetheater we see now was rebuilt in 1985. In the past, the theater was the mainplace for performing gods. Later, after the Japanese invaders occupied Tianjin,the theater stopped performing gods.

OK, now lets turn around and have a look. There are two tall flagpoles infront of the gate of tianhuangong mountain. They stick straight into Yunxiao,which is particularly eye-catching. These flagpoles are 26 meters high. Theflagpole is made of several pieces of copper and iron rough wood. The outerlayer is plastered with hemp and then painted. It is strong and strong throughwinter and summer. It is said that when the flagpole was first set up, on theone hand, it hung lights to guide the boats going to and from sanchahekou; onthe other hand, it served as a foil for Tianhou palace. Later, it was speciallyused to hang the long flag of Tianhou title during pilgrimage and temple fair.Far away from the gate of Tianhou palace is the theater building of Tianhoupalace. Theater is the earliest open-air stage in Tianjin, and also the earliestplace for people to entertain themselves.

Please go on. Now we are looking at the main building of Tianhou palace.Tianjin local folk known as "empress", so the empress palace is also known asempress palace. It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, and was rebuilt andreinforced many times in later dynasties. As we all know, most of the temples inour country face south, but Tianhou palace faces east from the West. Why? Weknow that Tianhou is mainly to protect the safety of navigation. Facing the eastof the temple and the Haihe River, it is convenient for some boat people andmerchants. They can worship Tianhou on the boat when they have no time. Itconforms to the busy shipping demand at that time and meets the needs of thepeople who cant land It is the demand of popular worship.

Now we pass through the front hall and come to the main hall. This is theplace where tianniang is worshipped. Tianniang is a Buddhist. There are fourmaids in front of and behind. The main hall is built on a broad platform. In the27th year of Daoguang (1847), the platform foundation was replaced with somestep stones and face stones, with the inscription of "reconstruction in May ofthe 27th year of Daoguang". One stone in the southeast corner and one in thenortheast corner of the platform base is still well preserved. This hall is notonly the oldest building example in Tianjin, but also one of the earliest Mazutemples in China. We have said that empress Tin Hau can protect the safety ofships passing by, so what God is empress Tin Hau? Since she is called empressTin Hau, she must be a goddess. She is not a God made up of fantasy, but a realperson.

According to historical records, her name is Lin Mo, a native of MeizhouIsland in Putian, Fujian Province in Song Dynasty. Born in 960 A.D. and died in987 A.D. in Yongxi, Zhao Kuangyin, Taizu of the Song Dynasty, it was named LinMo because he could not cry for a period of time. Growing up on an island, shehas been accustomed to Sailing since childhood and adept at water. Then there isa beautiful legend: "can bear Xi to cross the sea, travel among the islands,people call goddess, also known as Dragon Girl". She often crossed the sea torescue fishermen in distress at sea. Unfortunately, she was killed by thetyphoon. It is also said that after his death, he appeared to help the refugeesfrom time to time, so the rich merchants on the sea paid money to build Mazutemple, and gradually became the God of the sea. At first, the legend of EmpressDowager only spread in Zhejiang and Fujian, but later it was graduallyrecognized by the government. In the Song Dynasty, she was named "lady Linghui"and "empress Linghui" successively. In the Yuan Dynasty, she was named "EmpressDowager", and in the Qing Dynasty, she was named "Empress Dowager".

Through the main hall, we came to the Sutra Pavilion. Through the SutraPavilion, what we see now is the Qisheng temple, that is, the back hall, whichwas originally used to offer sacrifices to empress dowagers parents, and laterused to store the light wooden statue of Empress Dowager during the Royalassembly. On both sides of Tianhou palace is Tianjin Folk Custom Museum, whichintroduces the rise and changes of Tianjin city, Tianhou palace and the imperialassembly. From the side witnessed the "first heaven after the palace, afterTianjin city" this statement. At the same time, it also displays the city bricksof Tianjin in the Ming Dynasty, the model people of water transport in the QingDynasty, the wedding custom exhibition and so on.

Now you can have free activities. You can buy some Tianjin Folk Customsaccording to your hobbies. Gather at 4 oclock under the archway of Gongbeistreet, Xiaoqin is waiting for you there!

Everyone is here, and our journey today is almost over. Im reallyreluctant to be separated from you. Xiaoqin is here to thank you for yourcooperation in my work. If you have any comments or suggestions on our service,please let us know. We will correct in time to provide you with better service.I wish you a happy life and good health in the future. If you are lucky, letsmeet again in Tianjin.

In the north of China， there lies a 6，700-kilometer-long (4，161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China， it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world， the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.

Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction， and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant， such as Meng Jiangnu‘s story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu‘s story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC).

It tells of how Meng Jiangnu‘s bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu‘s husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure， so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately， by the time she reached the great wall， she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news， she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.

Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99，999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick，then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years.

After the completion of the project，one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.

In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall，there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si，who was very pretty. King You liked her very much， however Bao Si never smiled.

An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King‘s subjects， and might make the queen smile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou， King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus， King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.

Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall， many more stories were created and spread.

Dear friends hello! Welcome to join our business travel agency zhouzhuang day trip. I am your the zhouzhuang tour guide, my name is, a haze haze. Guide also can call me when you can call me LAN LAN.

We arranged like this is todays schedule, we give priority to with scenic spots in the morning, so after a moment into the scenic spot, first please follow small beatiful visit scenic spots to visit? I can do for you in the process of related sites, because today is Saturday (days), tourists is more, easy to produce crowded, easy to get lost, so small beatiful here again with tight, please make sure you have eaten lunch we will free activities. We are fixed-point dont order a meal for lunch. Below please out his phone and write down my phone number... If got lost, dont be afraid to just call me Ill find you the first time the oh, if I couldnt get through just a few more times. If anyone is not clear? (no) echo before into the scenic spot, we are going to take a free photo first, whats the use of this? It is mainly used for separated from zhouzhuang in residential areas. To facilitate check-in. In front of me also said that today people is more, the team is very much also, queue, so please dont crowded. Patience to wait. If there is anything that xiao zhu where our thoughtlessness, please forgive me.

Good! Here, I give you to introduce our waterfront town, zhouzhuang. We visit today zhouzhuang is located in kunshan city, suzhou, wujiang, Shanghai qingpu at the boundary of three counties, the east is the famous dianshan lake, not far from here by bus to Shanghai grand view garden only need ten minutes. So someone said: "zhouzhuang is a pearl of dianshan lake."

Zhouzhuang, which is a jiangnan ancient town with a history of more than nine hundred years, it has a long tradition, simple morals, ancient architecture, the famous ancient architecture expert who said; "Zhouzhuang is not only a treasure in jiangsu province, and it is a treasure of the country." Chinese Taiwan jinwei magazine called zhouzhuang is "Chinas first water town". After a lot of guests visited zhouzhuang, said: "above there is heaven and below there are suzhou and hangzhou, there is also a zhouzhuang in the middle." To zhouzhuang holds so many buildings in the Ming and qing dynasties and admiration, for "small bridge, flowing water, somebody else" exquisite pattern and dazzled.

Zhouzhuang why called zhouzhuang, we just as its name implies is zhou family estate. Actually, zhouzhuang in the earliest time that once called zhenfengli, nine hundred years ago in the area of ones family name is zhou di lang to donate the two hundred mu built QuanFu temple, the local people in order to commemorate him, once called zhenfengli renamed in zhouzhuang.

Today we mainly visit scenic spots have a hall, shen hall, build, and so on. This rich shen was the hall of shen three thousand estate. When Shen Wanshan use zhouzhuang channel to do foreign trade, foreign to zhouzhuang of rapid economic development, also make the rich themselves. Shen hall for the folk houses. Shen hall is "seven into five gate house", its seven can be divided into three parts, the first is the first part, is the place that greeted her guests; The second, three, four into shen is the second part of the hall, is where the guests; Fifth, six and seven is the third part, is the place where shenyang living. In short, it can use four word can be summed up in three parts: "front desk".

Zhang hall is zhouzhuang one of only a few buildings of Ming dynasty, for jiangsu province key cultural relics protection units. A hall for the Ming dynasty ZhongShanWang managed brother Xu Mengqing offspring. Xu Gujians supposedly named xu hall, why call zhang hall? When it was in the early years of the qing dynasty, the xu decline, will sell the house to the zhang family, was renamed the hall.

Zhouzhuang is belonged to one of the most famous build up. This is why, that is from a pair of words, it was the spring of 1984, Shanghai famous contemporary painter Chen come to zhouzhuang, in a small boat to see the build, feel it brought back memories of childhood. Then, in order to build as the background, create a title for the memory of hometown of painting. Later, the painting along with 37 pieces of his works in the western oil companies in the United States President armando. Hammers name hammer on display in the gallery. This painting caused a great sensation at the time, then, was armand. Hammer with high purchase hide. In the same year in November, Mr Hammer when they visit China, send the painting to the deng xiaoping. In 1985, the painting again after Chen processing become at that time, the UNs first day cover design, favored by stamp collectors and people from all walks of life. By the news media publicity, zhouzhuang town. Chens painting to make the unknown build towards the world. Key bridge is not the key is better than the key, because it opens the door to zhouzhuang and international association of friendship.

Anyang city in henan province is the most northern, east longitude 113 ° 35 114 ° 58, north latitude 37 ° 12 and 36 ° 22, is located in jin, ji, yu, the junction of three provinces, according to the borders of shanxi taihang mountains west, north separates the was with the handan city, hebei province, is adjacent to puyang city, east south connected to hebi, xinxiang. For the mountains in the west and east is plain. Jurisdiction one city (went), four counties (anyang county, tangyin, huaxian county enjoys, neihuang), four area (wenfeng, beiguan district, I, suburban) and a provincial high and new technology industrial development zone, 95 townships (town), 3293 administrative villages. With a total area of 7413 square kilometers and a population of 5.21 million. Municipal district covers an area of 247 square kilometers (area is 69 square kilometers), a population of 760000.

Anyang is one of the seven ancient capitals in China, the national famous historical and cultural city, is the birthplace of oracles hometown, the zhouyi. 1300 BC shang king PanGeng moved the capital to Yin (now anyang suburb xiaotun area), the king of eight generation of 12, 254 years. The first to use the words of the Chinese nation - oracle, the worlds largest bronze - SiMuWu big square unearthed here. In "China 100 archaeological discovery" of the 20th century, the discovery and excavation of anyang city sites of the late shang dynasty digging on top. In addition, water conservancy, the king of the famous yu play, joined fu hao, shu qin phase, hsi-men pao hong powers, mother-in-law deficit and other historical story took place here. In anyang cultural relics is more, a total of 8 from national level cultural relics protection units, 32 provincial cultural relics protection units. Long history, splendid culture, for the history of anyang left behind the precious cultural heritage, in November 1952, chairman MAOs visit anyang, put forward the high hopes for us. In September 1956, Mr Guo moruo left "huan anyang water is not empty, three thousand years ago is the royal park" the famous poem. - total - also in February 1991 and June 1996 visit anyang twice, and handwriting phrase: "carry forward the national culture, ancient capital of anyang built", "play to the hard work of the red flag canal spirit" self-reliance.

Anyang sufficient energy, mineral resources and rich resources of agricultural and sideline products. The power with a total installed capacity of 1.01 million kilowatts, with an annual output of 2.83 million tons of raw coal, natural gas in capacity of more than 100 million cubic meters, daily water supply is 420xx0 cubic meters. Western mining, coal, iron ore, limestone, marble and other resources have some reserves, is the national high quality oil production base in the eastern plains. Huaxian county enjoys is the first major grain-producing county, henan province, is known as the "granary" of the north. Neihuang jujube, area and yield are the crown of the country, known as jujube township and enjoys a good reputation both at home and abroad. Anyang mild climate, distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, moderate rainfall, belongs to the warm temperate zone continental monsoon climate. Annual average temperature 13.6 ℃, annual average rainfall of 606.1 mm.

Anyang transportation is convenient. Beijing-guangzhou railway across the city, the beijing-zhuhai expressway, 106, 107 national road runs through north and south. AnLin, soup which railway branch lines to the west in the mining and oil fields in the east. At present, is actively preparing to counter local railways in Lin, and the jingjiu railway line. Urban road interweave, convenient public transportation routes, has formed outside the local network, on-line three vertical and three horizontal transportation network.

Anyang tourism resources are rich. There are both rich cultural tourism resources, and unusual natural tourism landscape. In Yin ruins museum garden, city as the main line in the You shells cultural tour and to yue fei temple, the red flag canal patriotism education demonstration base as the main line of traditional education constitutes the anyang tourism characteristic cultural tourism. In addition, the tianning temple tower (wenfeng tower), the mausoleum of hadrian, hippocrene temple grottoes (Buddha ditch), Yuan Lin, MingFu temple tower, tower of temple of revised also with its unique cultural connotation has attracted many tourists. Anyang, natural scenery beautiful varied from small sea breeze scenic area, pearl spring scenic spot, and the charming taihang grand canyon, Lin Lvshan natural scenery, the Chinese and foreign tourists linger on. Unique air sports foundation, because of its creations of natural terrain and are very popular among parachuting, gliding sports enthusiasts. Has been called "the eighth wonder of the world" artificial tianhe red flag canal, has become a rare tourist attraction. At the same time, and the matching of the hotel industry, catering industry, business and other service facilities.

Chengcha River

There is a north-south fault between the peaks of Tianhuo and Longmen. For rocks crushed, weathering strong there, as time passes, it has formed a crack called Tamen. The water of the sky pond flowing from Tamen and long time eroding the earth formed Chengcha River. In myth, “Chengcha” means to lead to the heaven by wooden raft. with the length of 1250m, it is the shortest river in the world.

定园是苏州园林中最大的一个，也是明朝大臣刘伯温的家，刘伯温一心一意为朱元璋卖命，是开国功臣。朱元璋建了一个功臣楼，要把前来赴宴的功臣全部烧死，被机智过人的刘伯温看穿了，他逃离了功臣楼，并没有回家，而是住进了定园，他让家人伪造一个他已经死亡的`假象，瞒过了朱元璋派来的钦差，躲过了一大劫。

定园中有一个湖，湖面碧绿，波光粼粼，里面还有许多大鱼。一座白色的大桥横在水面上，就像遨游在宇宙中，银河上，无数颗小星星在奔走。

古时候最发达的交通工具就是船了，我们在定园坐了摇撸船。船一摇一摇，很快就到了对面。对于古人来说，就已经很发达了，不过要是走个远点的地方，还是要走上几个月的。

定园有一个长约100米的长廊，布置了12个民间传统节日，分别有春节、元宵、花朝……。花神庙前有十二花神像正月梅花神寿阳公主，二月杏花神杨玉环……，摸过自己农历生日时的花神，花神就会保佑你的。

定园里还有江南四大才子的雕像、唐伯虎的画。吴王夫差与西施等历史人物，使我深深感受到了古人的聪明才智和渊博文化，受益匪浅。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到天津旅游，我是你们的导游

文庙在天津旧城东门里，又名孔庙，因与武庙相对，俗称文庙。是天津市区保存完整、规模最大的古代建筑群。大殿始建于明正统元年(1436年)，后经明天顺、万历，清康熙、乾隆等各代重修、扩建。清雍正年间，天津府、县同设治所于城内，因而庙东侧为府庙，西侧为县庙，均有照壁、拌池、棂星门、大成门、大成殿、崇圣祠和配殿等。府庙主体建筑的殿顶均用金黄色琉璃瓦覆盖，雕梁画栋，装饰精美。庙外有二柱三楼式牌坊两座，明代建造，万历、清康熙年间重修，是天津市内仅存的过街牌楼。

文庙位于天津旧城东门内大街路北，由相邻的三路建筑组成。中路是天津府文庙，东路是府明伦堂，均始建于明正统元年(西元1436年);西路是天津县文庙，始建于清雍正十二年(西元1734年)。整个建筑群占地约1.5万平方米，建筑面积3000多平方米，是全国唯一的府县比邻的文庙古建筑群，1954年公布为天津市文物保护单位。

此建筑始建于明代，位于天津南开区东门内大街路北，是全国唯一的府县合一的古建筑群。为省级文物保护单位。

人文历史

天津文庙博物馆位于天津市南开区东门里大街。始建于明正统元年(1436年)，提学御史程富提出上奏，要求在天津设立卫学。天津卫指挥使朱胜将住居一所施为学宫，首建堂斋、公廨，至此天津建起了第一所官办学校。明正统十二年(1447年)大成殿落成，始称卫学，为天津地方教育官学和尊孔的庙宇。后清雍正三年(1720xx年)，天津卫改天津州，清雍正九年(1731年)升州为府，另置天津县。卫学亦改为州学。清雍正十二年(1734年)在府学两侧增建县学，形成府、县学宫并列的格局，后在府学东侧扩建明伦堂，占地13000平方米，建筑面积3000多平方米。文庙是天津历史上等级最高的古建筑群，也是天津地区现存最完整、规模最宏大的古建筑群。

基本信息

天津文庙为省级文物保护单位，始建于明代，天津文庙位于天津南开区东门内大街路北，是全国唯一的府县合一的古建筑群。天津文庙始建于明正统元年(1436年)，据《天津卫志》载：“文庙，在东门内。明正统元年，天津左卫指挥使朱胜，照陵西按察司佥事林时，建言事例，奏淮开设。本官遂将住居一所，施为学官，首建堂斋公廨，十二年大成殿成。”也就是说天津文庙创立之始就与学宫(卫学)合为一地。

天津于明代1420xx年设卫建城，后增设“天津左卫”和“天津右卫”，三卫戍守军士达16800人，加上家属和随军移居人口，数量相当可观。当时天津居户的主体就是军人户籍人口，而学校教育尚为空白，因而军人子女教育已成突出的社会问题。为解决此问题，1436年，天津左卫指挥佥事朱胜献出私宅，建成天津“卫学”，“卫学”是儒学的一种，又称文学，是津门首座官办学校。

后明景泰、天顺、弘治年又先后增建了棂星门、两庑和专事教学的明伦堂。明万历四十年(1620xx年)在天津卫城西南角楼创办“武学”，以学习弓箭、美术等武艺为主，武生如能做文章，经考试合格也可进“文学”。清雍正三年改天津卫为天津州，雍正九年升州为府，另置天津县。因此，卫学改为州学，后又升为府学，天津文庙也随之升为府庙。由于府、县官员不能同地祀孔子，故于雍正十二年(1734年)在府庙西侧另建县庙，又在县庙西修建县学，形成天津文庙府县并列的格局。

1920xx年，教育家严范孙等在文庙成立了“崇化学会”，聘请著名学者王襄、郑菊如等在此讲学，培养出许多文史方面的学者，后改为崇化中学。1949年改为东门内一中，后被少儿图书馆、新华书店古籍部等单位借用。1985年进行复原修缮，原驻内单位迁出。

平面布局

文庙的平面布局，承袭了我国传统的四合宫殿体系，由南至北分别由万仞宫墙(照壁)、泮池、棂星门、大成门、大成殿、崇圣祠和东、西两侧配殿等组成。其中有些建筑名称是文庙所特有的，如泮池，是座架着石桥的半圆形的水池子，来源于《周礼》的“辟雍”，原意是周天子设置的四面环水的大学堂，人们踏上泮池，就好象进入了最高学府。在清代，对考取秀才的称“入泮”。棂星门是一座巍然挺立着四根冲天大柱的牌坊。传说棂星是天上主管文教的神灵，通过棂星门，就可以得到神灵的保佑。

主体—大成殿

大成殿是天津市文庙博物馆的主体建筑，位于全庙的中心，是祭孔正殿，落成于明正统十二年(1447年)。殿内供奉着孔子及孟轲、颜回等四配十二哲人的牌位，显示出孔子之学后继有人，学子济济一堂。旧时每年的祭孔活动都要在此举行，它是整个祭孔活动的中心。在天津按照旧时的规定，对于孔子，每年农历春秋各举行一次祭典。农历八月二十七是孔子的生日，这时所有的学校都要放假，要集体向孔子行礼，还要吃一顿捞面，聊表纪念“孔诞”之意。另外，东、西两侧配殿供奉孔子的七十二贤人及历代的名宦、乡贤等。

后殿—崇圣祠

崇圣祠就是后殿，为供奉孔子父母和五世祖先的地方。东门内的两座过街牌楼也是文庙整体建筑的一部分，此牌楼为二柱三楼式，木结构，造型奇特。横额上有鎏金雕龙华板，精巧的斗拱支撑三座“五脊六兽”的四阿瓦顶，加之华士奎书写的“德配天地”、“道冠古今”墨宝点缀，使牌楼既气势雄伟，又玲珑秀丽。这也是对孔子的颂扬之词。

文庙作为天津的名胜已保存500余年。在津门，孔子作为圣人也被祭祀已数百年。

1954年，天津市政府公布文庙为第一批市级文物保护单位。之后又拨巨款多次进行复原保养维修。1985年市政府拨款90万元修葺并重建县庙影壁、泮池和棂星门。1987年成立了文庙博物馆并与同年十月对外开放。馆内陈列有《府庙大成殿复原陈列》和《孔子生平展》，馆内现藏文物主要是祭孔礼、乐器。比较重要的有编磬、古琴、古瑟、建鼓、应鼓、搏鼓以及铜爵、竹篚、竹笾等等，这些藏品表现了中华两千年的传统文化和儒家思想。馆内还不定期举办“祭孔古乐演奏”。

Laoshan is located in the east of Qingdao, and adjacent to the old city, southeast to the brink of the yellow sea, with a total area of 389.34 square kilometers and a population of 191400, Qingdao laoshan district peoples government, Qingdao high-tech industrial development zone management committee, Qingdao shilaoren national tour resort and laoshan scenic area management committee, the "four brands, a set of work organization management system". Both China and South Korea, having ShaZiKou, Wang Ge zhuang, north house 4 subdistrict offices.

Laoshan district with Qingdao high-tech industry development zone, Qingdao shilaoren national tourist vacation areas two national policy development area and the state council determine one of the first key scenic spot of laoshan scenic spot. Here to implement the national strategy of sustainable development and environmental protection, increase environmental protection investment, implement clear water, blue sky engineering, green engineering, such as series environmental protection engineering, ministry of science and technology identified as the national agricultural technology research and demonstration area, high continuous here to become a good environment, reasonable utilization of resources, ecological virtuous circle, a beautiful city clean, an ideal place for residents health and longevity.

Laoshan district to laoshan and naming, within the territory of the mountains and peaks rise steeply, ancient towering, sea mountains set each other off, jiugong eight view seventy-two temples and other places of interest, known as the "first" sea mountains, laoshan has a long history, as early as the neolithic human living here. Laoshan spring-like warm in winter and cool in summer, the four seasons, from ancient and modern celebrity YiShi, a monk, so called "second jungle Taoist quanzhen day". In 1982 by the state council shall determine the first national key scenic spot.

Laoshan coastline stretches twists and turns, 103.7 square kilometers, is rich in shrimp, sea cucumber, abalone, scallop, AGAR weed and other seafood and formed by wakame, Chinese sturgeon, freshwater crabs, turtles and other products of varieties of fishery. Now has a large national group fishing port 1, small fishing port at 12. Laoshan products rich in resources, of which the laoshan mineral water, laoshan granite and laoshan tea is particularly prominent.

三峡博物馆位于重庆人民广场西侧，馆内收藏有巴蜀青铜器、汉代雕塑艺术品等各类文物上万件，展示了这座山城的发展历史。馆内的《壮丽三峡》展厅里，还收集了大量三峡库区的实物，真实再现了三峡原貌。

博物馆建筑正上方漏斗型的圆形穹顶很像一个巨大的承露盘，取“三峡之水天上来”之意。外墙以大面积的蓝色玻璃和古朴的砂岩构成，蓝色玻璃象征着水，而砂岩外墙则代表着山。

三峡博物馆共分四层，主要由360度环幕电影、4个基本陈列(《壮丽三峡》、《远古巴渝》、《重庆·城市之路》、《抗战岁月》)和6个专题陈列等组成。

一楼的360度环幕数码电影，展示了库区蓄水前三峡的自然风光、人文风情，是对三峡风貌的永久纪念。《壮丽三峡》展厅里收集了大量三峡库区的实物，真实再现了三峡原貌。

二楼的《远古巴渝》展示了重庆古老的文明，追溯其3020xx年文化的根源，《重庆·城市之路》则是以大量的文物资料展示出重庆近百年来的城市变迁。

三楼的“重庆大轰炸半景画陈列馆”，通过现代科技手段及雕塑、油画作品等形式，再现了重庆大轰炸的历史事件。《抗战岁月》以诸多详实的资料，展示出重庆这座城市和重庆人民为抗日战争作出的贡献与牺牲。

四楼的历代书画、瓷器、钱币和汉代雕塑艺术展里，展示了上千件各色珍贵文物，有著名的“说书俑”、“巴渝神鸟”、“乌阳汉阙”等珍贵文物。西南民族民俗风情厅，展示了大西南地区各民族的民俗和文化。

Everybody is good! My name is presented, your tour guide, today we will visit is rated at 29 "world cultural heritage" in the Summer Palace. I hope my sincerity and enthusiasm can bring happiness to you!

The Summer Palace is one of the most vast imperial gardens in the world, is Chinas largest, protect the most complete existing royal garden museum. Was built in 1750, formerly qingyi park. Qianlong, jiaqing and daoguang and xianfeng emperor palace garden. In 1860 by British and French troops burned down. In 1886, emperor guangxu reconstruction on the original base according to the original size, two years later renamed the Summer Palace, the empress dowagers remaining land. In December 1998, UNESCO listed in the "world heritage list".

Park is mainly composed of longevity hill and kunming lake, two big scenery to, lake between the mountains, a pavilion, table, floor, palaces, temples, pagodas, waterside pavilion, pavilion, veranda, long beach, stone bridge, stone fat place full of national features of classical architecture, veranda, the countrys longest promenade, the distant mountains near water, become an organic whole repeatedly has the very high artistic value

Longevity hill belongs to yanshan -odd arteries, 58. 59 m. Buildings and mountain building, before the longevity hill mountain, three to eight surface layer as the center, four double-hipped roof of Buddha incense of the main body of large buildings. From the foot of "prout catamarans brainpower-computer" arched, the rows cloud gate, two of palace, cloud temple, DE hui temple, Buddha incense, and the wisdom of the sea, until the top of the mountain formed up in layers of a central axis.

Kunming lake is the main lake, the Summer Palace, three-fourths of the dominated area, about 220 hectares. Former lakes rippling, south of lake Simon Simon, a castle in the west, north look at the ups and downs in groups; There is a west causeway lake, and on the peach willow lines; The marble seventeen-arch bridge which lies on the lake, the kunming lake is the largest lake in the royal gardens in qing dynasty.

Today, our visit to this end, hope pleasant scenery of the Summer Palace, and I can become you the interpretation of wonderful memories! Thank you all!

The whole commentary of Zhaozhou Bridge includes three parts:

Part one: Introduction

The Zhaozhou Bridge is also known as the safe crossing bridge and the GreatStone Bridge. It crosses the Xiao River in Zhao County. It is named after thenearby Zhao County, which is known as Zhao Zhou in history.

Zhaozhou Bridge is designed and built by LiChun from 605 to 616 during theSui Dynasty, has stood the tests of earthquakes, floods and traffic for morethan 1400 years. It is the world’s oldest single-arch stone bridge still in usetoday and with the reputation as one of the Four Treasures of North China.

Part two: Creative construction.

Characteristics:

1) It has only one main arch and this arch has a span of more than 37meters, which is a great creation in the world history.

2) The bridge has two small side arches on either of the main arch, theyserve two important functions: First, they reduce the total weight of the bridgeand save the structural materials. Second, in time of flood, they cooperate withthe main one allowing water to pass through, thus weaken the flood’s impact onthe body of the bridge itself.

3) This design also improve the general look of the bridge, contributes toits beauty, so people compared the bridge to a new moon rising above the clouds”and “a long rainbow hanging on a mountain waterfall”.

Part three: Beautiful stories and famous folk song

There are many legends about the design of this bridge.

According to one legend, the bridge was built by LuBan, who is a excellentarchitect, he managed the sheep turn into stones and built the bridge in osingle night.

In another story, the bridge was put to the test by two immortals whocrossed it at the same time. One is ZhangGuolao, he rode his lovely donkey withthe sun and moon in his bag, and the other is ChaiWangye, who crossed the bridgewith the Five Famous Mountains. LuBan was worried and saved the bridge byplunging into the water and supporting the structure.

A folk song: Xiao Fang Niu

(Ask the tourists if there is anybody would like to sing the song, theguide should teach the visitor to sing the typical and beautiful folk song,which can exert an outstanding effect on and response from the tourists)

留园以水池为中心，池北为假山小亭，林木交映。池西假山上的闻木樨香轩，则为俯视全园景色最佳处，并有长廊与各处相通。建筑物将园划分为几部分，各建筑物设有多种门窗，可沟通各部景色，使人在室内观看室外景物时，能将以山水花木构成的各种画面一览无余，视野空间大为拓宽。

留园全园分为四个部分，在一个园林中能领略到山水、田园、山林、庭园四种不同景色：中部以水景见长，是全园的精华所在;东部以曲院回廊的建筑取胜，园的东部有著名的佳晴喜雨快雪之厅、林泉耆硕之馆、还我读书处、冠云台、冠云楼等十数处斋、轩，院内池后立有三座石峰，居中者为名石冠云峰，两旁为瑞云，岫云两峰;北部具农村风光，并有新辟盆景园;西区则是全园最高处，有野趣，以假山为奇，土石相间，堆砌自然。池南涵碧山房与明瑟楼为留园的主要观景建筑。留园内的建筑景观还有表现淡泊处世之坦然的“小桃源(小蓬莱)”以及远翠阁、曲溪楼、清风池馆等。

各位游客朋友们：

大家早上好，很高兴和大家相约美丽的苏州园林，我是此次苏州园林之旅的导游，我姓窦，大家叫我小窦好了。我身边的这位师傅姓陈，是此行的司机，在接下来的旅途中就由我和陈师傅为大家提供服务。在整个游览过程中，各位有什么问题，请随时提出，我将尽力为各位解答。祝愿大家都能不虚此行，玩得尽兴。 今天我们要游览的是苏州园林中最大的名园“拙政园”。它与北京颐和园、承德避暑山庄、苏州留园合称为中国“四大名园”，被誉为“天下园林之母”。

明武宗正德四年，御史王献臣因官场失意而还乡，以大弘寺址拓建为园，借西晋潘岳《闲居赋》“拙者之为政”句意，自我解嘲，取名为“拙政园”。王献臣死后，他的儿子以拙政园为赌注，一夜之间输掉了。自此拙政园400余年来，屡易其主，历经沧桑，几度兴衰。

拙政园与苏州其他古典园林一样，是典型的宅园合一。拙政园的花园分东园、中园、西园三部分，园林设计以水池为中心，亭榭楼阁临水而立，倒映水中，相互映衬。

各位游客：现在从园门进去便是东花园。

首先映入眼帘的是东花园的主厅“兰雪堂”。“兰雪”二字出自李白“春风洒兰雪”之句，有清香高洁、超凡脱俗之意。厅堂面宽三间，中间屏门上有一幅漆雕画，是拙政园的全景图。从图上看，拙政园氛围三个部分：东部，曾取名为“归园田居”，以田园风光为主;中部，称为“复园”，以池岛假山取胜，也是拙政园的精华所在;西部，称为“补园”，以清代建筑为主。

走出兰雪堂，迎面有一组太湖石假山。这块名为“缀云峰”的假山高耸在绿树竹荫中，与西侧凉快形状怪异的石峰并立，叫做“联壁”。水池边山峰外形似船，俗名“翻转划龙船”。

兰雪堂的东北面，临水而筑的这座建筑，就是“芙蓉榭”。此榭为东花园夏日赏荷的绝佳之处。面对荷花池，背倚高墙，一边开阔，一边封闭，给人一种宁静的气氛。加拿大温哥华“逸园”中的水榭，就是参照此榭设计的。

芙蓉榭以北是一片紫薇草坪，中间耸立的那座重檐八角亭，名为“天泉阁”。阁中有“天泉井”，相传此井为元代大弘寺东斋的遗迹。夏日可在此阁欣赏紫薇花。欣赏苏州园林里的建筑物，高的楼阁要仰视。如果您站在“天泉阁”的戗角下，凝视飘动的浮云，您似乎感到楼阁正在蓝天中翱翔。这就是苏州园林建筑物上大都建有戗角的奥秘。这些戗角，除了有利于采光和通风外，主要是增加了动感和美感，成了苏州建筑的地方特色之一。

好了，游客朋友们，我们现在看到的这个亭子是“放眼亭”，取唐代白居易“放眼看青山”诗意，亦曾叫“补拙亭”。在亭中居高临下放眼四望，东园景色尽收眼底。

东中花园以这条复廊分隔，复廊的墙壁上开有25个漏窗，不同的团被水中波纹反射叠印，随着步移花窗的变换，园内景色也不断地变化。

穿过复廊的黑漆大门，便到了中部花园。

中园是拙政园的主体部分和精华所在。总体布局以水池为中心，分布着高低错落的建筑物，具有江南水乡特色。现在各位请看池岛假山，池岸曲折，水绕山转。从东面看，一山高过一山;从南面看，一山连接一山;从西面看，一山压倒众山，具有中国山水画的传统构图特色，也体现了“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的意境。

下面我们先来观赏“悟竹幽居”。此亭俗称“月到风来亭”。与众不同的它是一个方亭，4个大大的圆洞门使人马上会联想到八月十五的月亮。人站在其中向外看，犹如四个巨大的镜框镶嵌着苏州园林一年四季的风光：北面青竹石笋，西面嫩荷吐尖，南面梧桐秋雨，东面梅花怒放。亭内有文征明的书额和对联：“爽借清风明借月，动观流水静观山。”慢慢品味，似乎有皓月当空、清风徐徐和远望群山、近看流水的那种赏心悦目的感受。

跨过九曲石板桥，沿着弯弯曲曲的山间小路缓步登山，这座轻巧若飞的亭子就是“待霜亭”。“待霜”取义于唐代诗人曾任苏州刺史的韦应物的诗：“书后欲提三百颗，洞庭须待满林霜。”字里行间透出了一股浓密的山野气息和泥土芳香。

穿过丛林，越过小溪，步上石阶，就到了“雪香云蔚亭”。它位于岛的中央制高点。居高临下，与远香堂遥遥相对，站在亭内，园中各处亭台楼阁一览无余。停住上有文征明手书的对联，上方还有明代画家倪云露的“山花野鸟之间”题额。

各位游客朋友们：现在我们来到中部花园的中心池边，这里四面环水，三面植柳，围绕水面，有荷风四面亭、香洲、见山楼、倚玉轩、小飞虹、小沧浪 和远香堂等众多景点，我就不一一讲解了，大家可以慢慢欣赏，有不清楚的地方可以问我。

从中花园穿过“别有洞天”的圆洞门后，就来到了西花园。 西花园的主体建筑 “卅六鸳鸯馆”和“十八曼陀罗花馆”是鸳鸯厅结构。外面看是一个屋顶，里面是四个屋面;外面看是一个大厅，里边分为两个客厅，北面客厅是夏天纳凉用的，南面客厅是冬天取暖用的。北厅“卅六鸳鸯馆”馆名为清代状元洪钧所书，南厅的“十八曼陀罗花馆”馆名出自清代状元陆润庠的手笔。这里四面窗格上都嵌有菱形蓝白相间的玻璃，构成美丽的图案，每当剩下烈日时，阳光

透过窗户变成一道道蓝白相间的光束，洒在地上泛起阵阵凉意。如果游客们有兴趣的话，可以靠近蓝色玻璃窗往外看，只见屋顶上、树枝上、石块上、荷叶上，都像是洒上了一层白雪。

西北面的“留听阁”，取唐代诗人李商隐诗“秋阴不散霜飞晚，留得枯荷听雨声”之意命名。南面飞罩是银杏木立体雕刻松、竹、海、雀的花纹，构图匀称，手法精巧。楠木镂雕的云龙图案落地罩和隔扇裙板上的蟠龙图案，相传是太平天国忠王府内的遗物。

在“卅六鸳鸯馆”北面池塘里可以清楚地看到一幢楼阁的倒影，这幢楼阁便是“倒影楼”。楼阁下层“拜文揖沈之斋”，就是“文征明先生和沈周先生纪念馆”。沈周是文征明的老师，后人将沈周、文征明、唐寅、仇英四位画家合称“明四家”。到影楼中间屏门上雕刻着扬州八怪之一的郑板桥的无根竹图，并配有诗词。

隔岸池边有一座小轩，像一把打开的折扇，俗称扇亭，取名“与谁同坐轩”，取义于苏东坡的词句：与谁同坐?明月清风我。扇面状屋面和扇亭与后山屋面恰似扇把的“笠亭”构成了一把完整的折扇。

各位游客朋友们，短暂的拙政园之旅到这里就基本结束了。希望以拙政园为代表的富有诗情画意的苏州园林，给你留下了美好的记忆。非常感谢大家对我工作的支持和配合。我有什么做的不好的地方还请大家多批评指正。希望以后能有缘和大家再次相逢。最后祝大家身体健康，万事如意!

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎来长沙市博物馆参观“长沙三国吴简暨历年出土文物精品展”。

现在参观的是第一展厅。这里采用了全景式的方式，复原出吴简考古发掘的现场。1996年7月至13月，长沙市文物工作队在市中心五一广场东南侧“平和堂商厦”的建筑工地进行了抢救性发掘，共清理出战国至明清时期古井61口，出土铜、铁、竹、木、陶等各类文物达3000余件(套)。特别令人震惊的是，在编号为22号的古井中发理了大量写着文字的简牍，经确认为距今1720xx年前的三国时期孙吴的遗物。这批文物，对相对匮乏的三国文献史料，将作出全面而精确的补充。我国曾有过四次最重要的古代文字的发现：殷墟甲骨文，西北地区屯戍简牍，敦煌石室文书，清宫内阁档案。长沙三国吴简完全有资格与这四次发现相提并论，也将形成某一学科的分支，成为国际学术界相关学者的研究课题。

请大家看第22号古井的剖面复原。22号井发现时，井口上部已在施工时被破坏。这是—口不规则的圆形竖井，底部略呈袋状。井口南北长3.5米，东西长3.1米;现存井深5.6米，井口覆盖着纯净的红褐色泥土，下深1.5米处发现简牍层。简牍层中间厚，四周薄，呈坡状堆积，边缘厚20厘米，中间厚50厘米。绑扎简牍的绳索已腐朽，但可看出它们当时是成捆放入的，初步统计共有10万余片。简牍层下为灰褐土层，厚约3.1米，其中夹杂着大量的竹木屑、草屑、树叶、碎砖瓦、陶瓷器等。井底(即井深5.12米处)套有一个小井，小井有一近方形的木构井圈，井圈四角各钉一根木桩，桩外各镶两块木板为井壁。井圈长93厘米，高58厘米。这个小井的作用，大概是为了将仓井四周的地下水集中到这里，然后用水罐等器具提出去倒掉，以保持仓井的干燥。这是发掘时拍摄的现场照片。

从22号井的结构和遗物来分析，它是一个古代的仓井，其作用是用来储藏食物。长沙气候湿热多雨，食物容易腐败变质，深达10多米的井下环境相当于一个现代的冰箱。考古发现证实，从商代开始，人们就使用这种储藏方式。也许大家会问，10万余片的吴简为何埋藏于井中呢?这有两种说法。一种认为，孙吴所处的三国时代动荡不安，战乱频繁，突发性的动乱使这批简牍被匆忙埋藏在这里。另外一种看法认为，这批简牍大多是档案文书、 契约合同，将它们埋在井中可能是当时处理档案的一种方式。

请再来看这张照片。这是第22号井发掘现场的照片。从照片中可以看见简牍浸泡在泥水中。这次发掘出来的简牍，为什么能经过1700余年至今还保存完整，一个很重要的原因就是长沙市的地下水位高，简牍长期浸泡在水中，加之埋藏较深，密封情况好，隔氧隔菌，所以保存了1700余年仍完好如初。

接下来，请大家参观第二个展厅。

这是一张对坐着的陶俑照片，是20世纪50年代在长沙金盆岭一座西晋墓中出土的陶俑。照片上左边的一人手持宽厚的木牍，口中念念有词;而右边的一人则一手持笔，一手持牍，正在书写文字。这件陶俑生动形象地将古人书写简牍的情景再现在大家眼前。

再来看看这一组照片。这是一支毛笔，1954年在长沙在家公山一座战国墓中出土，笔杆长而小，容易折断;旁边有一个套笔的竹管，在收藏保管时对笔有保护作用。这是一个砚台，旁边放置的小碎块是墨块。这儿还有一把铜削刀，为书写者削制简牍以便修改书写错误的工具。这是1975年在湖北楚国故都纪南城168号墓发现的一套书写工具的照片，另外还有无字的木牍6片。这也是迄今所能见到的最完整、最典型的一套汉代文具。

我们的古人计算简牍数量的单位不是“片”，而是“斤”。据史书记载，秦始皇批阅奏章竹简，一天要看120斤(秦制1斤约合今天的半市斤)，不看完就不休息。

下面请看，这是本世纪以来全国出土的简牍情况一览表。其中红色字一栏为本次长沙发掘简牍的数量，超过了历年来全国各地出土简牍数量的总和，所以称之为“惊世发现”，“本世纪最重要的考古发现之一”。

众所周知，由于战乱的原因，三国时代的文献史传之后世的很少。西晋陈寿所著的《三国志》65卷，其中魏书30卷、蜀书15卷、吴书20卷，总共才100余万字。历年来全国考古发掘的三国简牍也十分罕见，仅在安徽、江西、湖北出土几十片。而长沙今天一次出土总数达10万片的三国吴简，以每片20字计算，总字数可达300多万字。这些文字资料大大超过了《三国志》字数的总和，为我们研究孙吴时期的社会经济、政治制度、简册制度、职官沿革、历史地理提供了丰富的资料，大大填补了史籍之缺。长沙吴简的发现必将影响到中国历史研究的诸多方面，重新审核过去已有的定论。

再来看这一张地图。长沙考古工作者通过围绕五一广场区域一系列的考古发掘，初步确定了近3020xx年来长沙古城的区域位置。它北至老照壁，南至坡子街，东至蔡锷路，西至下河街、藩城堤，呈长方形状，中心区域为今天的五一广场。可以说，近3020xx年来长沙城市的中心基本没有变迁。这一次发掘出来的简牍按其形制可分大小木简、木牍、竹简、封检、签牌等，依其用途可分五类：

第一类为券书类，包括佃田租税券书和官府调拨券书。佃田租税券书，形制为大木简，一般长0.5米，文字有100至200个，书写工整，由右向左直行书写。佃田租税券书，涉及佃户租佃土地应向国家交纳租米、租布、税钱的数量，这种券书一式两份或多份由交租人分别保存，作为凭据。官府调拨券书主要记录官府各机构之间钱、粮、物的交换调拨情况。下面这一种个体比较小的为分类签牌，上面写着“中仓吏黄伟、潘虑嘉禾元年月旦簿”。意思是当时两个仓吏一个叫黄伟，一个叫潘虑，他们在嘉禾元年记录的一份月度报表。

第二类为司法文书类，记录当时一些文化、经济案件的审理、申诉、复查的具体内容及有关程序。这一片牍上记录的是当时一个督邮，贪污了多余的官盐，事发后被判死刑，他不服，于是上诉，经过“重复核实”，仍然维持原判，他只好“诚惶诚恐叩头死罪死罪。”

第三类为人名簿类，相当于现在的户口簿。请看第二片小竹简，上面写着“戎里户人公乘何钦年五十五，算一，刑两足”。“戎里”是长沙当时的一个地名，这里有一个名叫何钦”，爵位是“公乘”，年龄55岁，算一个纳税人丁。“刑两足”是指被锯掉了两条腿。这是当时的户口簿，记录了户主的姓名、年龄、职务、身体状况，比现在的户口簿还多了一个身体状况的介绍。

第四类为名刺、官刺，它主要涉及问安、赠物及行政事多方面的内容，相当于现在用的名贴、名片。

第五类为账簿类，详细记录了长沙郡府所属有关部门经营管理的钱、粮、布、器物、租税等方面的出入账目。

再请看这几件文物。这些是在走马楼古井中出土的三国两晋时期的青瓷器。请看，它们釉色晶莹，装饰淡雅。其中第二件为鸡首壶，壶作鸡首状，引颈高冠，造型很美。这在晋朝比较流行，一般作水壶和酒壶用。

大家看了不少的照片，听了这么多的讲解，下面再来看看出土的简牍原物。

在金字塔形展柜中看到的，就是这一次在走马楼古井中发掘的简牍原物。简牍是我国古代遗存下来的书写材料，其中狭长的竹、木片称“简”，宽厚的木片称“牍”。您一定要分清楚，并不是木头做的就叫做“牍”，竹子做的就称“简”。简也有木质的。右侧这一边放着的是木牍，中间的是大木简，左侧压在透明玻璃条下的为竹简。简牍上面的文字简单明了，清晰可辨，字体是隶书到楷书的过渡。

这种木简和木牍是用杉木制作的，质地细密，保存完好，制竹简的原材料竹子质地疏松，容易弯曲变形，所以在陈列展览时需要压在玻璃条中。古人制作竹简有好几道程序。先把竹子锯成一段段的竹筒，然后剖开成竹片，打磨光滑，形成了一片片简。刚劈成的竹简很湿，无法写字，要用火烤干。火烤时，竹片上有水冒出，称为“汗青”或“杀青”。文天祥的《过零丁洋》中的诗句“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”，其典故源于此。长沙三国吴简具有很高的史料价值、艺术价值和科学研究价值。因此经过省、市领导及有关专家的反复研究和论证。已在天心区天心阁对面建成了一座融保护整理、陈列展示、科学研究、文物旅游于一体的简牍博物馆，等正式开馆后欢迎大家去参观.