苏州博物馆英文导游词实用20篇

Hello everyone! I am this tour guide, you can call me Xiao Wang. For a moment, we will go to the famous, and is known as the worlds top five of the first temple of the the Imperial Palace in Beijing.

Attention, everyone, if you do not want to let the garbage around the Imperial Palace, then dont litter. Children with children also have to take care of their children.

First of all, I would like to give you a brief introduction of its history: the the Imperial Palace in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City. Today, people call it the Imperial Palace, which means the Imperial Palace in the past, and it is the largest and most complete ancient architecture in the world. The area of the Imperial Palace is about 723600 square meters. It is said that there are 9999 rooms in the Imperial Palace. The Imperial Palace palace building is uniform wooden structure, yellow glazed and green Whitehead base and beautiful decoration painting.

Come and see the temple. It is 27 meters high and is paved on the ground with brick. The four corners of the roof are shining yellow glazed tiles on the roof, which is solemn and sacred. Is the central and temple placed all the supplies for the buddha. But no one knows, this is only a place where the emperor stopped at the temple of Taihe.

Imperial Garden is also beautiful. There are not only green and high pine and cypress in the garden, but also a lot of precious flowers and trees. A famous building with 20 superfluous places. The and named Chunting million century Pavilion Pavilion, the pavilion can be said today to save the most magnificent Pavilion.

Today, though we cant visit more beautiful scenery of the Imperial Palace because of the time relationship, we believe you have seen a lot, learned a lot and enjoyed this tour. I wish you a pleasant journey home! Good health! Next time to visit Beijing, please remember to contact Xiao Wang, and then spend a pleasant time with you.

Hello, my name is Lin, you can call me rain eu. I will take you to visit hangzhou west lake, please dont litter, keep your valuables, I wish you all a pleasant journey!

Before to the west lake, I believe many people have heard "above there is heaven, there are suzhou and hangzhou", this sentence. In fact, to compare hangzhou to heaven on earth, and the west lake has a lot to do. Hangzhou west lake scenery beautiful, let many poets. Bai juyis "failed to have to go to hangzhou, stay half is the lake". He proves this point. Please follow team, ready to witness of the hangzhou west lake!

Hangzhou west lake is located in the center of hangzhou, the song dynasty according to the west lake. The west lake, north and south 3.2 kilometers long, about 2.8 km wide, covers an area of about 5.68 square kilometers. The most distinctive is the "west lake ten scene". In which the foundation is located in the western end of bai causeway quietly elegant simplicity. Moons floor overlooking, feel the vast west lake, in the quiet state of mind of washing irritation, make person times feeling is king in neutral city, water wave in the scene, in the middle. Whatever stands in which Angle, see is a picture of a simple but elegant ink jiangnan landscape, pinghu moon looks more hopefully, shore will be, water is expected to building. The southern song dynasty Sun Rui poems have "cold cold spring condensate flow, vivit song where white water rafting" words; HongZhan progenitor of Ming dynasty also wrote in a poem: "autumn Ge peoples unique wave wrinkle, a castle in the town of dust in the mirror" etc are all praise pinghu the beauty of autumn. Pinghu harvest moon said to lake reflected the surrounding landscape, trees, played exceptionally quiet. Like a beautiful painting. Let we have to admire nature guifushengong, occasionally a boat, we couldnt help complained: "ship our painting cut!"

The west lake is a poem, a picture, a lovely girl. "Yi jiangnan, most have is hangzhou. Find out the laurel blossoms filled the air. Yamadera months, county kiosk pillow watching tide. When more revisit?" Bai juyis poem is to praise the song of the west lake. Dear visitors, pleasant west lake day trip is over, thank you for your cooperation to me. You have fun? Hope that the west lake in the mountains and rivers, the fond memories of you forever.

鸦片战争博物馆(虎门林则徐纪念馆、海战博物馆，三个馆名一套班子)，坐落于广东省东莞市虎门，是纪念性和遗址性相结合的专题博物馆，管理的林则徐销烟池与虎门炮台旧址是全国重点文物保护单位，是鸦片战争时期的历史见证，管理面积约80万平方米。

鸦片战争博物馆始建于1957年，建馆初期馆名为“林则徐纪念馆”，1972年更名为“鸦片战争虎门人民抗英纪念馆”，1985年重新定名为“虎门林则徐纪念馆”，为利于对鸦片战争遗址的管理，又增加一个馆名——鸦片战争博物馆。1987年7月和1988年1月先后成立沙角炮台管理所和威远炮台管理所，分别管理沙角和威远岛诸炮台遗址。1999年12月，海战博物馆正式对外开放。

鸦片战争博物馆负责收藏、研究、陈列林则徐销烟与鸦片战争文物史料，保护林则徐销烟池与虎门炮台旧址及有关文物，利用这些文物资料向广大观众进行爱国主义宣传教育。

鸦片战争博物馆的基本陈列是《虎门销烟》、《鸦片战争海战陈列》。

虎门林则徐纪念馆位于虎门镇口社区，管理的销烟池旧址是1839年林则徐销毁英美鸦片的历史遗存。具有炮台神韵的门楼、陈列大楼，抗英群雕、林则徐铜像、虎门销化鸦片纪念碑、抗英大炮等，共同营造了浓郁的历史氛围。

由亲笔题写馆名的“海战博物馆”，位于虎门镇南面社区，由陈列大楼、宣誓广场、观海长堤等组成纪念群体。基本陈列《鸦片战争海战陈列》被评为“20xx年度全国十大精品陈列之最佳形式设计奖”。《虎门海战半景画》，采用艺术与声、光相结合的现代展示手法，具有强烈的艺术表现力和感染力。《全国禁毒教育展览》是青少年禁毒教育的重要课堂，海战博物馆被列为全国禁毒教育基地之一。

沙角炮台管理所管理的炮台旧址位于虎门镇沙角社区，保存完好并对外开放的有沙角门楼、濒海台、临高台、捕鱼台、节兵义坟、林公则徐纪念碑、功劳炮、克虏伯大炮等文物遗存。沙角炮台是扼守珠江口的重要要塞，依山傍海，景色秀丽。

威远炮台管理所管理的炮台旧址位于虎门威远岛南面社区，包括威远、镇远、靖远、南山顶、蛇头湾、鹅夷等炮台，这些炮台构成立体的海防防御体系，被誉为“南方海上长城”。

多年来，鸦片战争博物馆在上级主管部门的正确领导和大力支持下，坚持贯彻“保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理”文物工作方针，努力做好文物保护工作，充分利用文物资源开展爱国主义教育，每年接待国内外观众超过400万人次。等70多位党和国家领导人先后到该馆视察。1996年，中央六部委(国家教委、民政部、文化部、国家文物局、共青团中央、解放军总政治部)公布该馆为“全国爱国主义教育基地”;1997年，中宣部公布该馆为“全国爱国主义教育示范基地”;20xx年1月被国家旅游局评为“国家级AAAA旅游景区”;20xx年7月被中宣部、民政部、人事部、文化部评为“全国爱国主义教育示范基地先进单位”。

北京长城英文导游词

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

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The lion forest is one of the four classical gardens in suzhou, has been 650 years of history, as the representative of the yuan dynasty garden. Located in suzhou city, jiangsu province city northeastern garden road no. 23, plane into something a bit width rectangle, covers an area of 1.1 hectares, open area of 0.88 hectares. In 1982 was designated as cultural relics protection unit in jiangsu province. Garden rockery throughout, gallery, number crunchers looms, winding path leading to a secluded spot, feel history generally. Are embedded in the walls of the gallerys four big famous song dynasty, su shi, huang tingjian, calligraphy Cai Xiang monuments, and the southern song dynasty wen tianxiang inscriptions of plum blossom poems.

Mountainous southeast, northwest much water, surrounded by high walls deep curtilage, corridor surrounded. Central to the pool as the center, fold mountain building, move the flowers planted wood, bridge pavilion, has dominated layout is compact, rich artistic conception "Zhi foot mountain". Lion grove both suzhou classical garden pavilion, palace, building, hall, hall, porch, gallery of humanities landscape, more to the lake mountain stone, lives deep hole and famous in the world, known as "rockery kingdom". Lion forest lake stone rockery was more and exquisite, lake Shi Linglong, hole lives flowing, twists and turns, such as the history, is regarded as "taoyuan 18 scene". Ceiling mountain peak forest, are like the lion dance. With CDH, spit on, XuanYu, Leon xia peak, lion peak and to the ZhuFeng list. Campus construction is given priority to with YanYu hall, after hall is a lion originally bodhi authentic temple garden, Lin in A.D. 1341, the monk preached day such as Jackson went to suzhou, by his disciples. The following year (the yuan dynasty last emperor shun emperor to is two years), the disciples to buy to buy house for days like phil Jackson to build monasteries. Garden was built in the yuan dynasty to two years (AD 1342), by the day, such as master but the disciple made for in the division, the early name "Lin temple", later renamed "carry authentic temple", "divine grace temple". History, yuan at the end of the monk day if phil Jackson d disciple "at capital contribution, to buy land and house, to the teacher".

Because garden "is bamboo, Lin takes * * ta peak, the more like lion (lion)", and for days such as Jackson should b d well in zhejiang lionrock tome buddhist 27, in memory of the Buddha and the mantle, inherited the relations, take a Leo in the buddhist scriptures, so the name "ShiZiLin", "Lin". Also because the Buddha books with the word "lion roar" (" lion roar "refers to Jackson taught scripture), and many rockery resembling a lion shape and name. But have poetry "lion forest emphasizes the first 14", described the landscape and the life. Park is completed, many of the poet, painter to the zen meditation, as listed in the "lion Lin Jisheng set" of poetry and painting. Day such as master xie, disciple, gradually deserted temple garden.

Ming hongwu six years (AD 1373), 73 - year - old big painter-calligrapher NiZan (yunlin) via suzhou, participated in gardening, painting and acknowledged (with the lion figure Lin), make very famous lion grove, become a buddhist lecture and literati painting chanting songs of the resort. At the beginning of the qing emperor qianlong, temple garden is a private property, from temple temple, involved in the garden, because the park has wukesong tree, so it is also called five pine garden. For pigment comprador businessman bought BeiRunSheng 1917, after nine years of building, expansion, is still a lion grove garden east (for bayesian clan academy, learn and housing).

Ming wanli seventeen years (AD 1589), Ming surname monk begging for alms chang-an yu, rebuild the lion Lin Shengen temple, Buddha hall, thriving scene. To kangxi years, temple, garden, for the father of Huang Xi, hengchow magistrate after Huang Xingzu bought, named "for garden."

On February 11, 1703 AD the qing emperor kangxi tour at this point, given the forehead "lion Lin temple", after the qing emperor qianlong six lion grove, has been given according to the mirror round, "painting of Buddha and existing" really fun "equal plaque. Qing qianlong thirty six years (AD 1771), Huang Xi examination, refinement, reforming courtyard, named "five pine garden". To the middle of the reign of qing emperor guangxu huang family decline, garden have qian Bridges, rockery is still only.

In A.D. 1917, the Shanghai pigment company BeiRunSheng (world famous architect i. m. peis uncle) from civil administration chief Li Zhongyu purchased lion grove, 800000 silver, for nearly seven years of time to repair, add some of the attractions, and dubbed "the lion forest" old name, lion forest canopy Sioux city at one time. BeiRunSheng had prepared to preparations for the opening, but due to the outbreak of the war of resistance. BeiRunSheng died in 1945 AD, the lion by its Sun Beihuan Lin chapter management. After the liberation, bayesian posterity will be donated to the country of suzhou gardens administration over after renovation, open to the public in 1954 AD.

留园社区组建于20__年九月，辖区面积有0.42平方公里。现有居民2550户，入住人数5516人，流动人口105户、269人。有14幢居民大楼，大部分居民住老式平房中。有离退休党员112人，60岁以上老人1292人，优抚对象15人，精神病人23人，残疾人61人，社会低保户39户、68人。区人大代表1人。辖区内主要单位有著名旅游景点：留园园林，园林档案馆，第三干休所，阿尔斯通电器有限公司，汽车客运有限公司等101个经济实体。社区单位和居民骨干在本社区建设中发挥了积极的作用。

社区工作按照“六位一体”的服务即：立足社区服务、社区卫生、社区文化、社区治安、社区环境及精神文明建设六大载体，多方位为社区居民服务，为老年人服务。设有党员活动室、健身房、老年活动室、多功能活动室(提供各类人群参加体育锻炼)。

留园社区居民委员会拥有253平方米的办公用房，配有电脑、电话机、电视机、DVD等。

留园社区居民委员会设正副主任各一名、干事3名、社保协管员1名、民警副主任1名、居民委员会会员11名、议事会成员5名。社区党支部共有112名离退休党员，分3个党小组，以党支部为战斗堡垒开展各项社区活动。社区居民委员会有一支33人参加的社区护巷队，具体负责巡逻街巷治安、卫生，确保社区一方平安。有一支60多人参加的社区服务志愿者队伍，方便居民生活，志愿者队伍服务项目有白铁维修、家政服务、中介机构、租借方便车、代写书信、送报上门等各项服务。

社区文化娱乐生活丰富多彩，有军民共建书画室，有拳操队、象棋队、腰鼓队，有阅览室、老人心声站，提供社区居民休闲娱乐倾诉。

Ladies and gentlemen

Now we come to Famen Temple, which is known as "the ancestor of GuanzhongPagoda Temple"

This is the gate square of Famen temple cultural scenic spot. It is locatedin Famen Town, 10 kilometers north of Fufeng County, 120 kilometers east ofXian city and 96 kilometers west of Baoji City.

In recent years, the Shaanxi government has devoted itself to buildingFamen Temple into a veritable Buddha capital of the world, making it the "secondcultural symbol of Shaanxi" after the terracotta warriors and horses. The Famentemple cultural scenic spot is composed of Shanmen square, Foguang Avenue, FamenTemple, Heshi relic tower, numerous artistic Buddha statues and gardensculptures. It comprehensively displays the achievements of Buddhist culture inphilosophy, politics and art, and highlights the splendid history and culture ofthe Chinese nation. Now in front of us is the Mountain Gate of Famen Temple,which is also known as the "three gates". You can see this

The three doors are big in the middle and small on both sides. The emptydoor is in the middle, and the Wuzuo door and Wuxiang door are on both sides. Wegenerally refer to becoming a monk as stepping into the empty door, probablyfrom this.

Famen Temple is famous for its placement of Sakyamunis Buddha finger relicsince ancient times

The gate temple is also built because of the relic and becomes a templebecause of the pagoda. In 485 BC, Sakyamuni Miedu, King Ashoka of the PeacockDynasty of Indias mogatuo state unified India. In order to promote Buddhism, heordered people to divide the Buddha bones into 84000 parts, which were stored invarious parts of the world, and built 84000 sitting towers. In China, there are19 Buddha finger relic towers, the fifth of which is Famen Temple envoy. It hasa history of more than 1700 years. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was calledasokang temple. In the Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Chengbao temple. In the TangDynasty, Li Yuan was renamed Famen Temple. During the 200 years of the TangDynasty, eight emperors successively opened the Underground Palace seven times,welcomed and sent off the Buddhas finger relic six times. Each time theywelcomed and sent off the Buddhas finger relic, they made a great impact on thegovernment and the public, and the emperor worshiped them. There was no otheremperor of high rank. During the reign of emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty, thepagoda of Famen Temple was regarded as the "real body pagoda" to protect thecountry. This shows how prosperous Famen Temple was in the Tang Dynasty. Butafter the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Famen Temple gradually declined.

During the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty, after hundreds of years ofhistory, the four level wooden tower of the Tang Dynasty collapsed. Later, localgentlemen donated money to repair the tower. After 30 years, a 13 level bricktower with eight edges was built. However, in the Qing Dynasty, it was tiltedand cracked because of the earthquake. In 1939, under the leadership of Mr. Zhuziqiao, a patriot, the largest repair was completed in the late Ming Dynasty.But in 1981, the tower collapsed in half. In 1985, the local government preparedto rebuild it. In 1987, the underground palace was discovered by accident whileclearing the foundation of the tower. After the silence of 1113 years, 2999pieces of national treasures of the Tang Dynasty, surrounded by Buddhas realfinger bones, returned to the world. The rare treasures unearthed in theunderground palace are of great value in the study of Chinese social andpolitical history, cultural history, science and technology history, Chinese andforeign exchange history, art history and other aspects. Now lets go to theunderground palace to see the Buddha finger relic. The underground palace ofFamen Temple is the oldest, largest and highest level pagoda underground palacein the world. The Buddha finger relic unearthed from the underground palace isthe real body relic of Sakyamuni Buddha, which has been found in the world andconfirmed by documents and inscriptions. It is the highest sacred object in theBuddhist world. There are four Buddha finger relic, of which the third one isspirit bone, and the other three are shadow bone. Spirit bone is Sakyamunisreal Buddha finger, and the other three are imitated by Tang emperor in order toprotect spirit bone. Among more than 27000 coins unearthed from the undergroundpalace, 13 tortoiseshell Kaiyuan Tongbao coins are the earliest and uniquetortoiseshell coins found in the world. The 13 pieces of palace secret colorporcelain unearthed from the underground palace are the earliest in the worldand confirmed by inscriptions. Secret color porcelain is a kind of celadon,which is specially made for the royal family. Due to its complex process andsecret formula, it is called secret color porcelain. The double wheel 12 ringsunearthed from the underground palace

The big stick is the earliest, the largest, the highest grade and the mostexquisite Buddhist weapon found in the world. Then, some of the rare treasures Ijust mentioned have been looked at by you just now, and others are treasured inthe Famen Temple Museum nearby. Lets go and have a look.

Coming out of the underground palace, in front of it is the Hexi relictower of Famen Temple. It took three years to build. The tower is 148 metershigh. You can see that the shape of the tower is like the hands of Hexi. Doesthe hollow out part in the middle look like a traditional tower of the TangDynasty? The broad road we just walked is the Foguang Avenue. With a totallength of 1230 meters, a width of 108 meters and an area of about 140000 squaremeters, Foguang Avenue is not only a way to become a Buddha, but also the mainlandscape axis of the scenic spot. The two ends of Foguang Avenue are connectedwith Shanmen square and pilgrimage square, which can accommodate 100000 people.We compare the mountain gate to this shore, which is the present world. Theavenue of Buddhas light leads all living beings to the other shore, which meansthe ten stupas.

Now we come to the Famen Temple Museum, which consists of four exhibitionrooms: the historical exhibition of Famen Temple, the Buddhist cultureexhibition of Famen Temple, the mandala culture exhibition of Famen Temple andthe treasure exhibition of Famen Temple.

The historical display tube of Famen Temple mainly shows people thehistorical cause of the construction of Famen Temple and the historical objectsof the construction of Famen Temple in various historical dynasties

There are 44 national treasure level cultural relics and 99 first-classcultural relics in the Famen Temple Museum of Tang Dynasty treasures. It is thelargest proportion of Chinas treasure level cultural relics among the 88museums in Shaanxi Province. You can see the secret color porcelain I justmentioned here, and you can also see the treasures of Tang Dynasty silkproducts: gold cluster embroidery, which refers to the pattern of flowers formedby gold silk plate fixed to silk The top of the silk. Silk is not easy topreserve, many of them are weathered. The first thing that makes gold clusterembroidery valuable is that it is as well preserved as new. The second thing isits production technology. Now there are 20 gold threads in Japan and 70 inChina, but in the ancient Tang Dynasty, this drawing technology has reached6.

Next, lets visit the treasure Pavilion. One of them is the king of thefour drums and twelve rings. The so-called staff, in fact, is not made of tin,but when you shake it, it will make a sound. This staff is made of 2 taels ofgold and 58 taels of silver, which represents the highest mana in Buddhism.

Well, out of the treasure Pavilion, our trip to Famen Temple is coming toan end. I hope my explanation will leave you a good memory.

(在车上)大家好，很高兴能和各位一起共度行程，我是各位今天的导游，我姓董，大家可以叫我小董、大董或者董导，不过记住是导游的导不是捣蛋的捣啊，我身边的师傅姓x,他可是有着二十多年安全驾龄的师傅，大家坐他的车可以说是安全无忧，不过我们x师傅有一个缺点，大家知道是什么吗?(故作轻声地)他有两个老婆，一个名门正娶的，还有一个嘛就是他的小老婆---爱车，所以我先告诉大家一下，大家可要帮帮忙，在车上不要吸烟、吃的带皮的食品请扔在垃圾袋内，免得x师傅心疼他的小老婆。

昨天天气预报报道今天的温度是零5度到零下2度，但是我好象感觉很暖和，奇怪!让我找找原因，噢，我知道了，是你们灿烂的笑容将冷空气赶走了，谢谢谢谢。

今天我们到达周庄的时间大概是中午11点，我们将先在xx饭店用餐，12点我们就要开始今天的重头戏——周庄游，我们需要大约三个小时在周庄进行游览，另外我会安排一个小时给大家做自由活动，四点的时候我们准时在停车场集合，大家配合一下啊。

现在我将周庄的由来及重要景点向大家单间介绍一下，这样我们在游览的时间才能抓住重点。周庄是一个有着九百多年历史的江南水乡古镇，它以悠远的传统，淳朴的民风，古老的建筑，清澄的河水和充满传奇色彩的人物，成为一片极有诱惑力的旅游胜地。著名古建筑专家罗哲文说;“周庄不仅是江苏省的一个宝，而且是国家的一个宝。”中国台湾经纬杂志盛赞周庄是“中国第一水乡”。还有不少人在游览了周庄之后，这样说道：“上有天堂，下有苏杭，中间还有一个周庄。”大家为周庄保存着如此众多的明清建筑而赞叹，为“小桥、流水、人家”的精美格局而眩惑，为处处可画、时时有诗的风情而陶醉，觉得周庄是无法重造的美丽水乡。周庄是以小桥流水而著称的古镇，它今天能保持原貌，还得有赖于水，为什么?上世纪七八十年代，当江南农村经济迅速发展的时候，周庄由于水的阻隔发展迟缓，小镇的原貌才保存了下来。周庄最早的时候叫贞丰里，在九百年前在该地有一位姓周的迪郎将二百亩捐出建成全福寺，当地人为了纪念他，将贞丰里改称为周庄。当然，周庄的兴盛得兴于江南富豪沈万山，沈万山利用周庄的河道与外商做外贸，才使周庄的经济迅速发展了起来。

周庄的主要景点有江南富豪沈万山的住宅沈厅，有“船从家中过”张厅，有文人赋诗作乐的迷楼，有周迪郎捐地而造的全福寺等，我上面说的几个地方是周庄最具代表性的地方，有因陈逸飞一画出名的双桥及最具江南建筑风格的桥楼---富安桥等，大家到了后一定要好好欣赏。

说了景，我们得说说吃了，在周庄，大家可一定要尝尝周庄特产万三蹄，另外，周庄的阿婆茶也很有特色，我简单说一下吧，阿婆茶是镇上阿婆阿嫂们在各家轮流吃茶的一种社交方式。周庄人都称为吃阿婆茶而不是喝阿婆茶，那可真是吃出来的。因为比茶更讲究、更丰富的是钦茶时聊天时的小吃，其中是有特色的是腌菜心，咸咸的、酸酸的，是早春油菜心装在密封的瓶中腌制而成的。因为很有特色，居然成了周庄的主要旅游土特产商品。好，在车上我先给大家讲到这里，先别流口水，到了周庄你们想怎么吃就怎么吃。

(到达周庄)〔走到贞丰泽国牌坊前〕我们已经到了周庄，这里是石牌楼，巍然矗峙在这新老镇区的交界处，是古镇周庄的象征，上面镌刻有“贞丰泽国”四个字，为著名书法家沈鹏所写。我在车上已经说过周庄以前叫做贞丰里，这“贞丰”就是指周庄的原名为贞丰里，“泽国”是指四周环水的地方。我们现在走到牌楼的另一面去，大家看，这儿有横额上书“唐风孑遗”。意思是在周庄，古代优秀的民族文化、古风遗韵还能看到一些。这是著名书法家费新我老先生在晚年高龄的时候用左手题写的，左下角还有他的落款呢!大家可以仔细辨认一下，是“新我左笔”四个字。

周庄是典型的江南水乡，大家知道，长江三角洲是水资源非常丰富的地方，自古以来，这里的村庄可以没有道路，但是不能没有河流，水是江南人家与外界交流的最便捷的方式。不仅周庄如此，同里、甪直甚至苏州都是这样的。

前面有一座古桥，叫太平桥，建于清代。展现在大家眼前的是一幅动人的江南风情画，在沈厅的展览室里，可以看到日本著名女画家桥本心泉以它为主要背景的一幅名为《周庄的某一天》的油画。

这一条古街俗称一步街，因为它很窄，一步就可以跨过，街道两旁开店的店主不用走出店门，就可以互相握手或递东西表示友谊，所以又称友谊街。上面还有一线天，中间是过街楼、这种建筑在大城市里是很少见的，在周庄却有许多。

现在，我们已经来到了双桥，游览周庄双桥是不能不看的。大家看，这桥面一横一坚，桥洞一方一圆，样子很像是古时候人们使用的钥匙，所以当地人便称之为“钥匙桥”。这两座桥始建于明万历年间(1573～1619年)。这座石拱桥叫世德桥，横跨南北市河，长16米、宽3米、跨度5.9米。这座石梁桥叫永安桥，平架在银子浜口，长13.3米、宽2.4米、跨度3.5米。双桥最能体现古镇的神韵，等一会大家可以在这里拍照留念。双桥为什么会这么出名呢?那是1984年春天，上海著名旅美画家陈逸飞乘坐小船来到周庄，看到了双桥，觉得自己仿佛回到了记忆中的童年。于是，就以双桥为背景，创作了一幅题名为《故乡的回忆》的油画。后来这幅油画连同他的37幅作品一起在以美国西方石油公司董事长阿曼德.哈默名字命名的哈默画廊中展出。这幅画在当时引起了很大的轰动，后来，被阿曼德.哈默用高价购藏。同年十一月份，哈默先生在访问中国的时候，将这幅油画送给了邓小平。1985年，这幅画又经过陈逸飞的加工成为当时联合国首日封的图案，深受集邮爱好者和各界人士的青睐。经新闻媒体宣传，周庄古镇声名鹊起。陈逸飞的画使默默无闻的双桥走向了世界。现在，知道钥匙桥这个名称的人已经不多了，它在人们心目中已经用双桥代替了它。现在，双桥边上经常会有许多未来的陈逸飞在此写生。

现在，我们已经来到张厅，张厅是周庄仅存的少量明代建筑之一，为江苏省重点文物保护单位。张厅为明朝中山王徐达的弟弟徐孟清的后代所建。按理说徐家建的应叫徐厅，为什么叫张厅呢?那是在清朝初年的时候，徐家衰落了，就把这座房子卖给了一户姓张的人家，才被改名为张厅。让我们到张厅的正厅去看看。这儿是张厅的正厅“玉燕堂”。玉燕堂原名怡顺堂，早先门前有两棵玉兰树，春天一到，玉兰花开放，引来了许多燕子，燕子在屋檐下筑巢繁殖后代，被张厅的主人看见了，认为燕子和玉兰树给张厅带来了勃勃生机，于是就将怡顺堂改为玉燕堂。张厅的特点是“轿从门前进，船从家中过”。大厅的东侧，有一条幽暗深长的备弄，古时候备弄是供下人走了，不过今天我们人类没有了等级之分，这备弄就越发级引起现代人的兴趣了，大家不防走一次。请随我进去。

这儿就是“船自家中过”的地方。你们别看它窄窄的，可是它能通向外面的大湖。它有两个作用。一是张厅是一户大户人家，每天要消耗许多吃的、用的、穿的，都靠小船从这里运进运出。二是封建社会，时时会打仗，主人万一遇到什么不测，就可以坐着小船从这里逃生。

现在我们来到的这座桥叫座富安桥，在车上我也给大家简单地介绍了一下，它始建于元朝，经过无数次的重修，据说沈万三的弟弟学万四也曾出资修过此桥，沈万三因巨富遭发配到云南，从此，人们的愿望不仅仅是富，还要安，富安桥之名正是由此而来。大家看，富安桥堍可见四座桥楼，这是水乡建筑的一种形式，桥楼的特点是它不是民宅，而是一、商店或茶楼等公共性建筑，另外，因为桥楼倚桥而建，故楼内不设楼梯从桥上的石阶进入桥楼二楼。

现在我们看到的这个建筑就是著名的沈厅，说到沈厅不得不说说沈万三，万三兄对周庄的经济建设做出过巨大的贡献，应该说他也是我国一部分先富起来的人之一，据专家考证：沈万三的富有有三个原因。一是靠躬耕起家的，院子里的这头牛就表明他是靠种田发财的。二是沈万三继承了人家的财产。第三也是最主要的一点，沈万三靠镇北边的那一条急水江和外国人做生意。他把江南一带的刺绣、丝绸卖给外国人，赚了大钱。用我们现在的话说就是做外贸。沈万三的富有不仅在我们江南一带数一数二的，而且在全国也很有名气。那时候朱元璋刚做上皇帝。由于连年打仗，没有多少钱，但是他又想在南京修城墙，怎么办呢?有一个大臣提议：“让富豪来承担这笔巨款。”于是，沈万三分到了建三分之一城墙的任务。当时沈万三想借这个机会来讨好朱元璋，便很爽快地拿出了许多钱。不久城墙修好了，而且修得很漂亮，沈万三心里很高兴，于是他想缟劳一下修城墙的士兵。谁知这件事情被朱元璋知道了，朱元璋本来就很眼红沈万三，这么一来他就找到借口了。朱元璋把沈万三抓了起来，说：“你要和我比富，还想收买军心，要夺我江山，这怎么了得。”于是就要把沈万三判死罪。多亏了那些文武百官出面求情，沈万三才免了一死，被发配到云南充军。沈万三的家人，杀头的杀头，坐牢的坐牢，家破人亡。他的家产也全部充公了。只有一个小孙子逃了出来，沈家才留下了一条根。我们现在看到的沈厅就是沈万三的后代沈本仁在乾隆七年时建造的。这塑像两旁的对联，上联是：甲万户起南浔周庄江南聚宝;下联是：称三秀居东宅客金陵浜东藏银。概括了沈万三的一生。沈厅是周庄规模最大的一所七进民宅。南北向的市街将沈厅的第一进与第二进分开。这种形式在水乡很有代表性。第一进临河而建，称“水墙门，便于船只往来及洗衣，临街为“旱墙门”。里面是茶厅、正厅，为接待宾办理婚丧大事之处。茶厅为一般的待客处，规模、陈设均不及正厅。正厅为“松茂堂”。大堂上方两侧走马楼连接各进楼房。过去，如果有来宾，女眷是不能到正厅相见的，只能在这走马楼上，通过开启的木窗向大厅窥视，待字闺中的小姐也是在此相夫的。正厅后而是大小堂楼。概括起来就是前厅后堂、明灶暗室两大特征。沈厅的第五进安放着沈万三的坐像，这个就是传说中的聚宝盘。

我们现在出沈厅往南走。眼前的这座寺庙就是当年周迪郎功舍地而捐的全福寺，那时寺中有一江南绝无仅有的巨佛，在如来佛的掌心可卧伏一人，可惜九百岁的水中佛国毁于五十年代。今天我们看到的全福寺是1995年移址重建的。如今它背靠古镇、面向南湖，真正成了水中佛国。山门耸峙在南湖岸边，门前湖光潋滟，水埠码头平卧碧波，游人和香客可以乘船进南湖沿石阶登岸，别有情趣。进入山门，只见一座五孔石拱桥飞跨在荷花池上，桥上石栏相扶。驻足桥上，可以欣赏荷池中的红嶂翠盖，也可以回眸南湖。过拱桥，前面就是重檐复宇、气势庄严的指归阁。在此登楼，居高临下，远近的景色尽收眼底。南湖中养鱼的网箱簖栏，以铅灰色的线条，分割着万顷波光。寺院内的亭台楼阁，错落有致，钟楼、鼓楼矗立两侧，互为映衬，使寺院愈加气象雄伟。第三进，即是主体建筑大雄宝殿。飞檐翘角，雄伟而不失精美。进人殿堂，只见大殿中央供着佛祖释迦牟尼的铜坐像，高5米重3吨。释迦牟尼两侧，是骑跨在雄狮上的文殊和骑跨在大象上的普贤。殿后塑有飘海观音像，屹立在鳌鱼之背。大殿两旁的十八尊罗汉像，也各具神态，栩栩如生。整座大雄宝殿，神光闪耀，祥云缭绕，置身其间，足以感受到佛教文化氛围。经台由婉蜒曲折的花廊环抱，经台中央矗立着三层宝殿，终日香烟缭绕。四周的荷花座石雕栏杆上，镌刻着吉祥云纹。经台下的池水与曲径花廊下的流水相连，有锦鳞嬉游，富有诗情画意。雄宝殿后，是三层高的藏经楼。殿堂宽敞，装饰精美。楼内荟萃诸多佛教文化的精品。藏经楼两侧是大斋堂和方丈室，遥相呼应。

这里就是迷楼，这是一座楼阁式建筑，原名为“德记酒楼”，有人问了，为什么改了这么一个诗意的名呢?其实，改为这个名字和一位女子有关也。原来这座楼的老板因经营有方，生意十分红火，但直到年过四十才得一“千金”，于是取名“阿金”，阿金长得赛过天仙，参加现在的世界小姐比赛绝对会为国争光，近代爱国文学团体南社成员常聚在德记酒店，鼓吹革命文学，饮酒诵词，有人戏称他们被阿金迷住，他们便索性以此为幌子，并将“迷楼”的雅号送给了酒店。他们在此留下了不少以周庄风光和阿金美貌为题的诗歌，并有《迷楼集》出版。

我们已经把周庄走了一圈，游周庄，大家一定要静下心来感受，如果能有时间在周庄住上一夜，感受周庄的清晨和黄昏，你一定会有一种更美妙的感觉。好了，留出时间给大家照相留念，记着一定要把周庄放入相机带回家，我个人认为周庄最适于留念的是双桥和富安桥。

Zhao Mausoleum also called clear zhaoling mausoleum, is the second generation of the founding of the qing dynasty emperor, emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end the queens tomb, covers an area of 180000 square meters, is located in the ancient city of shenyang NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty is the largest, imposing manner, the most magnificent one. Is the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern garden.

Zhaoling from south to north, followed by points before, during and after the three parts.

At the front behind the wall sheet. Went on both sides have huabiao pavilion, stone lions, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Archway is the front of the subject construction, it is built by bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures.

Central, from is red door to mahjong layout, is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, vivid, striking. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling god, gong SAN DE tablet".

Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum. As it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. Long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, appear abnormal. Long stay behind after Ming building to the city. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. Treasure city is also called the treasure. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.

Cemetery in ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, the floor of the temple, watts, beautiful natural scenery, colorful, including aromatic show is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, garden planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan.

Zhao Mausoleum also has 300000 square meters of lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat for sight-seeing, boat, and boating on the lake, dont have a taste.

Another feature of Zhao Mausoleum is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Shenyang Zhao Mausoleum (zhaoling) the history of the ancient and mysterious tomb, various natural landscape, as tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort.

游客们,大家好。欢迎你们来到苏州园林。苏州园林以山水秀丽，典雅而闻名天下，有“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”的美称。这里既有湖光山色，烟波浩渺的气势，又有江南水乡小桥流水的诗韵。

需要提前先提醒大家的是，在我们游玩期间，将会经过很多美丽的景点。为了保证大家的安全，请不要乱攀爬假山，也不要乱扔垃圾。顺便给大家留一个问题：我国建筑中的一般住房，绝大部分是对称的，左边怎么样，右边也怎么样。但苏州园林从不讲究对称，好像故意避免似的。东边有了一个亭子西边决不会来一个同样的亭子。这是为什么呢? 好了，我们先去游览吧。

我们先来到苏州园林的南门。进门后往前走就是沧浪亭。沧浪亭是苏州最古老的园林。历史可以追溯到公元1045年，那时候诗人苏舜钦流寓江苏中心，买了这块地，在水旁边建了一个亭子，取名“ 沧浪”。作《沧浪亭记》，自称“沧浪翁” 南宋时变成抗金名将韩世忠所居住，沧浪亭改名成“韩园” 沧浪亭两侧刻着醒目的对联，上写“ 清风明月本无价，近水遥山皆有情” 。意思是清风明月到处都有，但对俗人来说，有钱也买不到;近水遥山本为无情之物，但在诗人眼里，都成了有情之物，对比强烈。

接下来便是拙政园啦!它位于苏州娄门内，是苏州最大的一处园林，也是苏州园林的代表作。你们看，拙政园建筑布局是不是疏落相宜、构思巧妙，风格清新秀雅、朴素自然。它的布局主题以水为中心，池水面积约占总面积的五分之一，各种亭台轩榭多临水而筑。

狮子林同样是苏州四大名园之一，因园内石峰林立，形状似狮子，故名“狮子林”。狮子林主题明确，景深丰富，个性分明，假山洞壑匠心独具，一草一木别有风韵。大家可以细细的品味一下。

最后，让我们参观留园，始建于明代。留园占地约50亩，中部以山水为主，是全园的精华所在。留园内建筑的数量在苏州诸园中居冠，充分体现了古代造园家的高超技艺和卓越智慧。

现在我们苏州园林的参观结束了，想必大家已经知道了那道题的答案啦!那就是因为苏州园林是艺术品，所以它不讲究对称。接下来的时间大家可以随意拍照了，但是请注意安全和卫生。

Everybody is good! My name is zhang, you can call me a guide. Today I bring you to visit verve magnificent Great Wall.

MAO zedong once said: "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall". Why dont we go on a tour today? Good! We can eat when men now! On the former see head, after the end of the Great Wall.

About the Great Wall, there is a moving story, legend meng jiangnus husband was caught to build the Great Wall, the meng jiangnu then struggling to find her husband, however, meng jiangnu I get to know and her husband were dead tired at the foot of the Great Wall. After hearing the news, meng jiangnu cry for three days and three nights at the foot of the Great Wall, just listen to "bang" a loud walls down, to see the bodies of her husband!

Now that we have stood on the badaling, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall, naturally think of the Great Wall is built. Tourists, look at these countless stone alone, with 2 - one thousand catties a enough at that time, there was also no crane, crane, forklift, rely on the shoulder, countless hands, step by step, carry on the steep mountains.

Well, the beauty of the Great Wall I said also said not over, now please enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Great Wall!

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

禁寺又名麦加大清真寺是世界著名的清真大寺，伊斯兰教第一大圣寺，始建于公元630年，世界各国穆斯林向往的地方和去麦加朝觐礼拜的圣地。下面是小编为大家带来的关于陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词范文!

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to “the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, “May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, “Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called “Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

Wulong fairy mountain national forest park is chongqing top ten tourist attractions, the national AAAAA level scenic area, land belongs to the wuling mountains, based in wulong county in chongqing wujiang river north shore. Of scenic fairy mountain national forest park a total area of 8910 hectares, an average elevation of 1900 meters, 2033 meters, the highest peak in the jiangnan unique charm of alpine grassland, austral rare beautiful snow, green quiet beautiful jungle BiYe landscape, known as the "eastern Switzerland".

She and magical furong cave, beautiful lotus river, the worlds largest natural arch geological wonders, classic refined winbond hotel (4 star) combination for chongqing best tourism holiday resort. The best travel time fairy mountain national forest park is located in chongqing wulong, the four seasons scenery each are not identical, have distinguishing feature each, the four seasons all appropriate travel.

Fairy mountain in winter is long, from November to February next year with XueQi. When the snow, be dressed in white, prairie lamb with skiing, snow, snow. Summer cool temperate in the mountains, average temperature in 18-20 oc, even in the hottest in July and August, the highest temperature is not more than 30 ℃, the summer scenery charming beautiful, climate is cool and refreshing shu shuang, the vast Lin hai, cool breeze blowing Buddha, cool and pleasant, is an excellent resort, leisure vacation, few so fairy mountain enjoys a fame as the "mountain city Summer Palace".

Tourism zone are mainly lionrock, fairy stone, hou home village, the nine axes, the red army of workers and peasants in sichuan province, beautiful scenery, the political department of the site of the first two guerrillas pasture resort, tent village, meat hot pot city hunter village, etc. With the jiangnan unique glamour of alpine grassland, austral rare beautiful snow, green quiet beautiful jungle BiYe landscape, known as the "Oriental Switzerland", fairy mountain Lin hai, mountain, meadow, the snow is referred to as the four unique visitors.

以石头城为中心，清凉山、石头城等古迹名胜，与山、水、城、林交融一体，形成虎踞壮观、古朴自然、幽雅寂静的景观特色。

莫愁湖公园位于水西门外，相传湖滨曾居住过少女莫愁而名。历史上有关莫愁女的传说流传很广，说法不一。后为明初中山王徐达的私家花园。园内有胜棋楼、郁金堂、湖心亭、赏荷厅等景点。荷风芦雪，揽胜四时，被称为“金陵第一名胜”和“南京第一名湖”，在清代金陵四十八景中得“莫愁烟雨”的美誉。

清凉山位于城西汉中门内，石城虎踞即指今清凉山。园内古木参天，山势险要，古迹甚多，主要名胜有清凉寺、扫叶楼、崇正书院、驻马坡等。

乌龙潭公园位于清凉山东，以湖光山色为胜，清幽典雅，花木扶疏，历史上曾享有“城西之冠”的盛誉。环潭景点布局精巧合理，建筑典雅工致。

中华织锦村位于江东门，展示了中国各民族的织锦技艺，除收藏有不同民族、不同时代的织机和织锦实物外，还现场向游客表演织锦的生产过程和工艺。游人至此，可以了解中国织锦工艺的历史和技艺，购买各种精美名贵的织锦工艺品。

4、大江风貌区

本景区借万里长江奔腾之势，以山秀、洞幽、江深、矶奇为特色，沿江三十里散布着燕

子矶等众多的名胜。建成于1968年，是一座由我国自己设计建造的双层双线公路、铁路两用桥。铁路桥全长6772米，宽14米，公路桥全长4589米，宽19.5米。正桥的路栏上，镶嵌着200幅浮雕，正桥两端建有4座高70米的桥头堡。南北两岸的公路引桥由富有民族特色的双孔双曲拱桥组成。大桥建成后，天堑变通途，“天堑飞虹”遂成为金陵新四十景之一。

燕子矶位于城北观音门外东北直渎山。因石峰突兀临江，三面悬绝，远眺此处，形若燕子展翅，凌空欲飞，故名燕子矶。燕子矶总扼大江，地势险要，矶下浪涛轰鸣，潮涌壮观，自古以来是过江的重要渡口，也是军事要地。明代以后，燕子矶成为文人墨客登临抒怀的游览胜地。矶顶有御碑亭，登上矶头，遥望江北，江天一色。入夜，燕子矶上明月如水，碎银满江，“燕子夕照”亦为金陵美景之一。

5、栖霞风景区

位于南京东北郊，区内主要景点有：栖霞山、栖霞寺、舍利塔、千佛岩、南朝陵墓群及石刻。

栖霞寺位于栖霞山中峰西麓，始建于南齐永明七年(489年)，至今已有1500年历史，南朝时成为江南三论宗的祖庭。与山东长清的灵岩寺、湖北荆山的玉泉寺、浙江天台的国清寺齐名，并称“天下四大丛林”。现寺院为清光绪三十四年(1908年)重建，是南京地区最大的佛寺。寺内有鉴真大师纪念堂、国内著名的藏经楼。藏经楼南侧有建筑精美、风格独特的舍利塔及名闻中外的石窟——千佛岩。中国佛学院栖霞寺分院即设在寺内，是江苏地区的佛教中心。

南朝石刻南京周围保存着丰富的六朝文物古迹，在市区东北郊太平门外甘家巷、太平村一带就有30多处南朝帝王陵墓石刻。石刻可分为帝王陵和王公贵族墓两类，帝王陵前的石兽是天禄、麒麟，王公贵族墓前的石兽是辟邪。南朝陵墓石刻已历经1500多年的沧桑，至今仍较完好，尤其是那些石兽，昂首挺胸，飞跃灵动，惹人喜爱。

6、南郊风景区

包括雨花台、菊花台、牛首山、祖堂山等景点。这里风景优美，历史遗迹众多。六朝时期，这一带寺庙林立，其中以大报恩寺、天界寺最为著名，原大报恩寺佛塔是中世纪世界七大奇观之一。南郊还是历代墓葬的集中地，在地下蕴藏了大量的极其珍贵的历史文物。

渤泥国王墓在南郊的乌龟山南麓。渤泥国，即今文莱国，明永乐六年(1408年)八月，渤泥国王麻那惹加那乃亲率妻儿及王室成员来北京，朝见明皇，受到明成祖的热烈欢迎。但因水土不服，客死他乡。临终留下遗嘱：“体魄托葬中华”。明成祖十分悲痛，以王侯的礼仪安葬了这位异邦君主。

江南最大的地下宫殿——南唐二陵位于祖堂山的西南麓，即南唐先主李?与中主李瞡的陵墓，李?墓称钦陵，李瞡墓称顺陵。钦陵规模较大，有前、中、后三间主室，十间侧室，前、中室为砖结构，后室为石结构。中室墓壁上绘有鲜艳的彩画，图案有牡丹、莲花、宝相、海石榴、云气纹等。据专家考证，这是国内现存最早的附属在柱枋部分的彩画遗迹，在建筑史和艺术史上都具有极高的价值。顺陵位于钦陵西侧，结构与钦陵相近，但规模较小。

游客们，我们现在到了园林的拙政园!你们别小看它，它可是与首都的颐和园、承德避暑山庄、苏州留园并称为四大名园。拙政园为唐代诗人陆龟蒙的住宅，后来明代监察御史王成归隐之地，取“拙者之为政”的语意为名。拙政园分东、中、西住宅三部份。住宅是典型的苏州民居，现在布置为园林的博物馆展厅。

朋友们，我们现在已经走过了拙政园，接下来就到了狮子林。狮子林有六百多上的历史，元代至正二年，名僧天如禅师维则和弟子“相率出资、买地结屋、以居其师”。因园为“林万固、竹下多怪石，状如狮子”因而得名。狮子林既有苏州古典园林亭、台、楼、阁、厅、堂、轩、廊之人文景观，更以湖山奇石、洞壑深遂而享有盛名，素有假山王国之美誉。

White horse temple is located in the henan luoyang city east, 10 kilometers in the south-north luoyang city harmony door 1.5 kilometers to the west, called Jin Gangya temple, the so-called "Chinas first ancient temple", is the Buddhism was introduced into China after the first official temple. It was built in the eastern han dynasty emperor yongping eleven years (AD 68), it has a history of nearly 20xx years.

White horse temple original structure size is extremely magnificent, past dynasties and rebuilt several times, but because of the war, rise and fall several times, ancient architectural structures, the peoples government to preserve the famous cultural monuments, had repeatedly repair. Existing five major temple and four compound and wing. Prior to the gate, the gate is three arch side by side. Mountain gate, a pair of stone lions and a pair of stone horse, schism, inside the gate on both sides of things have taken the second monks tomb and zhu flange. Five major temple from south to north in turn as the great, big Buddha hall, male temple, temple and which the Lu Dian. Each hall has statues, many works for the yuan, Ming and qing period. Which the Lu Dian on the cool and refreshing, cool and refreshing for taken the teng, zhu flange translation of buddhist scriptures. Wing left and right sides is symmetrical. The whole building grand solemn, layout in neat formation. In addition, there are 40 many inscriptions, is valuable to study the history of the temple.

White horse temple sits, existing is a rectangular courtyard, covers an area of about 40000 square meters. Temple gate, square south have in recent years, newly built stone memorial arch, free life pond, stone bridge, the left and right sides of the green space. About relative two stone horse horse, size, and so the horse, gentle and harmless, this is two song dynasty stone carving horse, horse is excellent stone carving art. The white horse temple gate for the reconstruction of Ming dynasty, for a three arches, side by side on behalf of the three free door, Buddhism is called nie pan gate. Part name, certificate face carved over the doorway craftsmen are relics of the eastern han dynasty. Temple five layers existing hall, located on a straight axis, partial temple on both sides are symmetrical to each other. In the great hall, in the middle of woodcarving niches, niche stick around and more than 50 of golden dragon. Within the recess for the maitreya, namely "happy Buddha". He laughs, barefoot sit cross legged, vivid and interesting, was in stitches. Inside two side, four major Kings sitting majestically, is the patron saint of buddhist. Smiling Buddha (after the wei tuo days, Buddhism guardian deity, towering stands, shows the majesty of the dharma).

White horse temple east gate walk about 300 meters, there is a 13 layer JiYun tower, straight into the sky. JiYun tower was built in the five dynasties period, originally, when the invasion of nomads from song dynasty burned. Rulers of great years to rebuild the tower, has been 800 years of history.

White horse temple building grand scale, the present layout of jiajing rebuild, only great, big Buddha hall, male temple, temple four halls. The gate on both sides of things of gad Ye Ma and zhu flange second monks tomb. Backyard, in which the Lu Ge broken stone, engraved with the history of the white horse temple is an important historic sites, temple preaching tang by building (read bed), yuan inscriptions have high artistic value. Temple originally also unearthed jade carved maitreya Buddha, has been stolen to the United States. The inside of the temple of Buddha is mostly yuan substitute dry lacquer, especially the Buddha Ursa major, is the best of the luoyang existing statue. According to records, The Three Kingdoms wei is the white horse temple have big pomegranate, jingshi legend: "charming sweet pomegranate, a stone." Temple east there is a big jin at fifteen years (1175) to build JiYun tower.

How do you do! Welcome to the ancient city of xi an, I am your tour guide in xian this time. My name is xu, everyone call me xu guide. Today visited the first scenic spot is one of the world heritage, the qin Terra Cotta Warriors. Scenic spot is located in xi an lintong, we take car is lintong county, about 40 minutes. Id like to mention of xi an, you will certainly think of unique chi toilet.

Ok, we have come to qin shihuang mausoleum, in order to get off, please. Do you know the history of the qin Terra Cotta Warriors? Originally previous dynasty, the emperors death is looking for some buried alive, then in the qin dynasty, a minister of emperor qin shi huang said: "previous dynasties but with buried the living. I think it is not very appropriate to you, let craftsmen create a made of dirt that you have conquered, invincible army How" Qin shi huang think this idea is very good, agreed. In fact, if it werent for the time of qin shi huang, a nod today just see this vision spectacular terracotta army. Large scale of the Terra Cotta Warriors. Has discovered three pit, with a total area of nearly 20xx0 square meters, nearly 50 of the basketball court at ordinary times, about 8000 pit with the warriors.

17 km southeast of qianshan mountain is located in anshan city, liaoning province, with a total area of 44 square kilometers, known as "the pearl of the northeast", for the national key scenic spot. He the bohai sea in the south, the north changbai, peaks, pull all wat, with peak valley show, stone cliffs, deep and remote, temple, Buddha is high, the pine is known, the number of flowers, with attractions intensive, walking king vary, exquisitely carved. Qianshan mountain changbai mountain branch, main peak is 708.3 meters tall, with a total area of 72 square kilometers. Mountain peaks, a total of 999 seats, the number of nearly thousand, so the name "qianshan mountain", also known as "product green mountain", "qian hua shan", "qian mountain", "thousand flower lotus", qianshan mountain "no peak is not strange, no stone is not impressive, no not the ancient temple, nowhere not deep and remote". Through the ages, has been attracting many tourist scenic spot in the world.

Qianshan mountain to mountain, YanSong, temple, pear flower of four big landscape. According to the natural topography is divided into northern, central, southern and western four scenic area. Including 20 small, scenic spots and 228 attractions, wind distribution within several valleys. Beautiful scenery, four seasons, is a concentration of temples, gardens Yu Yishan scenic resort. Midsummer season, the climate here is very cool, particularly pure and fresh air, to the mountains for the summer holiday is absolutely a wise choice for you.

Qianshan mountain, all the year round shapes: spring flowers over a mountain valley full of our lives; Summer heavy mountain jade green, lush; Fall overflow hill, the red sunset flying; In winter, snow mountains, xuelang constantly. Something beautiful all the year round, attract visitors to linger. Qianshan mountain not only attract tourists with its beautiful charm, more suitable for obsessed with natural scenery, loose blue yan photographer work all year round. May the qianshan mountain, pear flower blooming everywhere, pale green, flowers came refreshing. June early summer qianshan mountain, song tao, leaf shadows, like waltz on the green, give a person the sense with a harmonious and beautiful. Golden autumn in October, under the blue sky white clouds, ma everywhere golden yellow, the whole dye cream maple leaves, photography is gather the golden season of harvest. In December of qianshan mountain snow mountains are everywhere. In the wind and snow, more tall and straight pine, particularly rolling mountain. A rare cold grandeur, can make more beautiful photography creation.

Qianshan mountain, is the natural landscape and human landscape of perfect and unified, and religious culture is the main part of the qianshan mountain humanities landscape. "Over the hill had Jin Zhongxiang, into the temple WenYu furnace first". Qianshan mountain have a temple, view, palace, temple, temples, such as more than 20, as each flash of gems, set in the valley, mountain peaks show to make ancient qianshan mountain more attractive. Some of these ancient and majestic temples, towering over high mountains; Some nestled in the mountains; Some is located on the plain field; Some hidden in the Yin of the ancient pine trees and spectacular, and natural scenery foil each other, together, constitute a beautiful and elegant, quiet and moving picture. As town in qing imperial house high plug frenzy at the beginning of the qing dynasty as described in the poem: "the blessed one yu zhongtian, incense rock crystal spring tea. Xu qing xiao Lou, deep and remote lives still singing cicadas. Must lead screw peak green, loose of top like cigarettes. Temple peak as the screen, mountain temple to show." In addition to the temple, there are countless holes, towers, pavilions, tablet and qianshan mountain is an important part of the human landscape.

欢迎大家来木渎古镇旅游!木渎位于苏州城西南十公里处，距太湖五公里，是太湖十三个风景区，以吴越遗迹、山林石景和木渎古镇为特色，既有山林之胜，又有园林之美。

现在，我们就到木渎古镇上去走一走，看一看。

首先，我们来看这座石牌坊，上坊写着“瑞门入胜”四个字，也就是说，当我们跨进这座吉祥门，就走进了古镇悠远的历史画卷。说起木渎的“古”，我给大家讲一下木渎之名的来历。相传春秋末年，吴王夫差为了取悦美女西施，在这里大兴土木，修姑苏台，建馆娃宫。木材源源而至，竟把这一带的河流港渎全部堵塞，称为“积木塞渎”。“木渎”之名也就由此而来。

这条河道虽然貌不惊人，但在春秋历史上赫赫有名。当年吴王为了讨伐楚国，从陆地上开挖了这条全长230多公里的人工运河，经水路发兵，出奇制胜，取得了“五战五捷”的辉煌战果，由此奠定了吴国的春秋霸主的地位。因为这条运河由伍子胥建议并率众开凿，后人为了纪念他，就称此河为“胥江”。

河边的这条长廊称河棚，全长175米。河棚一面倚河，一面与民居边成一体，为上街卖菜的菜农、船民和过往行人提供方便，夏天不遭日晒，雨天不受雨淋，因而深受欢迎。远远望去，百米河棚显得错落有致，高低不一，仿佛姑苏园林中一道贴水的长廊，风姿绰约，平添了几分美感。

大家看，这儿有两座桥，一座叫“斜桥”，一座叫“邾巷桥”，两桥一横一坚，取袂而筑，相依相偎，因而又称“双桥”。请看。从太湖来的胥江和源自光福铜坑的香溪在斜桥下合二为一，一清一浊，形成一条明显的分水岭，这，就是著名的木渎古十景之一的“斜桥分水”。

木渎不仅是一个水乡古镇，由于镇上私家园林众多，因而又有“园林之镇”的美誉。现在我们要参观的就是以“江南三雕”见长的私家园林“榜眼府第”。

榜眼府第的主人冯桂芬是近代著名的启蒙思想家、政论家，因他在道光二十年(1840年)考中庚子科一甲二名进士，也就是仅次于状元的榜眼，所以人们称他的故居为榜眼府第。

榜眼府第占地约十亩。它的布局为前宅后院，坐南朝北，有照墙、门厅、大厅、楼厅、花园，形成一条纵轴线，是典型的清朝中期江南宅地园林风格。

主人冯桂芬因出生时，正值桂花开放，故得名桂芬。他自幼博览群书，通晓经史，以才学负名乡里，道光十二年，林则徐任江苏巡抚时，识拔了素昧平生的冯桂芬，称他为“百年以来仅见”的人才，并招入抚署读书，收为学生。这一年，冯桂芬刚刚二十三岁。

这是冯宅大厅。名“显志堂”。是主人招待贵宾的场所。堂名是主人当年春风得意时所题，显示了胸中的雄伟抱负。厅内陈设古朴高雅，反映了主人的儒雅风范。

Dear tourists

Hello, everyone. Im No.3 tour guide. My name is Tian Yihan.

Welcome to Mount Tai. Its a great honor for me to show you the beautifulscenery of Mount Tai. I hope you can have a good time and have a good time.Please remember my contact number, 5383028.

Mount Tai, known as the "Five Sacred Mountains", is located in the centralpart of Shandong Province. of great momentum. With a total area of more than 420square kilometers and an altitude of 1545 meters, it ranks the third afterHuashan and Hengshan. It has a solemn and dignified momentum, attractingcountless tourists to visit here.

Now, Ill show you how to climb and watch. There are many places ofinterest in Mount Tai. The first one is Dai Temple. Cultural relics areconcentrated here. It is a palace like building complex. Chinese calligraphy artis concentrated here.

We are now in front of the main building of Dai Temple, which is 223 metershigh and 48 meters long. 7 meters, 19 wide. 79 meters. Hall a total of 9,Diaolianghuadong, yellow tile cover top, resplendent.

Yuhuangding is the highest peak of Mount Tai. We can see the sea of clouds,the sunrise, the strange peaks and the Yellow River there. Its sobeautiful!

Let me introduce you here first. Please follow me and have a good time. Ihope you can have a good time in the past few days in Mount Tai and become yourbest memory in the past few days.

各位来宾：

天一阁博物馆位于宁波市月湖之滨的天一街上。1982年被国务院列为首批全国重点文物保护单位，20xx年荣获国家AAAA级旅游风景名胜区。

天一阁博物馆是一座由天一阁藏书楼为核心，藏书文化为特色融社会历史、艺术于一体的综合性博物馆。天一阁藏书楼自明代创建以来，至今已有440多年的历史了。它以藏书文化为特色，素有“南国书城”的美誉。博物馆总占地面积约3.1万平方米，环境优雅、园林精美、建筑古朴，富有浓郁的地方特色，总体布局由藏书文化区，园林休闲区和陈列展览区三大功能区组成。

西大门

各位游客，现在我们来到的天一阁的西大门，首先印入我们眼前的是一对清代的石狮子。这对石狮子是清代的时候，浙东工匠的作品。它们原本守护的是寺院，“下岗”后“再就业”，来到了这里。后面的木门是清代的木结构建筑单体，1980年迁建过来的。平面三开间，硬山式屋顶，五层马头墙。

请各位朝我手指的方向看去，“南国书城”四个大字，是我国著名的宁波宁海籍国画大师潘天寿在1962年的时候所写的。这个匾额所用的字体是隶书。由于宁波在中国的南方，故城“南国”。“红豆生南国”，书乃读书人的相思物，从这个角度来讲，成为南国也是十分恰当的。“书城”的意思是，一座以书筑成的城，一座为书的安全而筑的城。

请大家看下面的这幅对联：天一遗形源长垂远，南雷深意藏久尤难。这幅对联是由当代版本目录下泰斗，上海图书馆原馆长顾廷龙先生，1981年78岁时专门为天一阁书写的。用的是“钟鼎文”。所谓“钟鼎文”，那是很久很久以前，商周时期的华夏先民刻在青铜器如钟、鼎之类上的文字，说他是文字，其实说是符号似乎更确切一些。这幅对联上联说的是天一阁藏书时间悠久，藏书规矩、藏书精神可师可法。下联说到的是明末清初著名的思想家、史学家黄宗羲登上天一阁后的感叹心情。黄宗羲号南雷，在清代康熙十二年也就是公元1673年，破例成为了第一个登上天一阁藏书楼的外姓人，后来应天一阁传人的请求写国一篇专记《天一阁藏书记》，落笔就写了四个“难”字：“尝叹读书难，藏书尤难，藏之久而不散，则难之难矣。

后面的一副对联则为近代文学家、原文化部部长郭沫若所书，上联是：好事流芳千古;下联是：良书播惠九州。郭老先生曾于1962年10月连访天一阁两日，高度评价了这座文化宝库的重要价值。

请大家抬头，上面还有一块匾额，“天一阁”，这个匾额的字体是楷书，没有落款。据天一阁人讲，是从唐代欧阳询的《九成宫醴泉铭》字帖中一个字一个字挑出来，并做技术处理。

范钦铜像、溪山逸马图(这一段对范钦仅做简单介绍，具体的可以选择在车讲完成)

进门后请大家往后看，这幅对联：建阁阅四百载，藏书数第一家。是由宁波本地的大书法家沙孟海先生在1963年提写的。看完这幅对联，请大家回过头来看这个铜像。这个铜像就是天一阁的主人范钦。范钦，字尧卿号东明，浙江宁波鄞县人。他年幼时并不聪明，但在祖父和叔父的教诲和熏陶下，自幼苦读四书五经及名家书籍。家族中没有的书，他就到各藏书家那里去翻、去借、去抄。由于他十年如一日孜孜不倦的求学，23岁时首次去杭州参加乡试，就中了举人。27岁进京参加会试，中了贡士，在殿试中入选第二甲，赐进士出身，列三十八名。

范钦中进士后不久，就出任湖广隋州知府，属一级地方长官，在这等级制度森严的明朝是较少见到的。此后，范钦到处做官，足迹踏遍了当时的大半个中国，直到明嘉靖三十九年升兵部右侍郎，同年十月辞去官职，回到宁波。范钦的官宦生涯，为他的藏书打下了扎实的基础。

铜像后面照壁上的这幅图，叫做溪山逸马图。画面高2米，长4.9米，是一幅堆塑作品，是已故宁海籍民间老艺人胡善成先生的堆塑作品。据说这种堆塑是用蚌壳灰、稻草灰和泥等堆塑刻画出来的，非常繁琐复杂，十分精巧。我们仔细看这幅作品，八匹骏马在溪边休息，形态栩栩如生。画面造型粗看觉得比例失调，其实是充分运用了中国传统绘画技巧，突出了画面。天一阁的堆塑作品，绝大多数都是胡善成先生的力作。这幅溪山逸马图，一下子把人们的视线紧紧锁定在这好似无意间安排的审美空间内，避免了南北两侧视线内高大建筑对小庭院的压迫感，构思之精妙由此可见一斑。1983年3月23日，柬埔寨国王西哈努克亲王参观天一阁时，大大夸赞了这个堆塑作品，不止合影留念，还用自己带的相机，从不同角度拍了10多张照片带就去留作纪念。现在请大家往上看，跳斗上还雕有“三国演义”等戏剧人物。参观完这块照壁后，我们从旁边的直门“春随人意”中进去参观。门楣上的“春随人意”四个字著名的绍兴籍园林艺术家陈从周先生题写的。

东明草堂

各位来宾，现在我们看到的这个照壁，也是胡善成老先生的堆塑作品，有人说是四不像，有人说是麒麟，天一阁人说是“獬豸”。据史书记载，獬豸是头独角兽，是古代传说中的神兽，据说能辩是非曲直，看到人打架什么的，就用角去顶坏人，是正义的象征。古代各朝的执法官员的衣服上也绣有獬豸的图案。

现在我们转过头来看这个叫做东明草堂宅子，原是范氏司马第前宅的中厅和主客厅，因范钦自号东明，所以称东明草堂，又称“一吾庐”。原建筑是五开间，但是已经被毁。现在的建筑是由清代道光年间的木结构房子于1980年改建而成的，面阔三间，单层硬山式建筑。东明草堂是范钦早年的藏书楼，后来藏书越来越多放不下了，就建造了真正的天一阁宝书楼，这里就成为了会客厅，现在主要用来接待一些重要领导。

范氏故居

各位游客，现在我们面前的这个宅子，是范氏故居，是范钦宅地的东厅，是其后代原来居住生活的地方。现建筑为清道光九年重建。范氏故居处于高墙环绕的天一阁藏书楼之外，做到了生活区与藏书去相互隔离，这是范钦为保护藏书而精心安排的。在进入故居之前，我们看到的这幅对联“佳酿满瓶书满架，山花如绣草如茵”是凡是后人范永祺所写的，从这个对联中，可以看出他的自豪、自足、自得其乐、自我陶醉。现在请大家跟我进入范氏故居，左边主要是一个藏书楼的“情景再现”，我们主要来看一下右边。这里有三个人物，涉及到了一个典故。话说当时80岁高龄的范钦走到了生命的终点，弥留之际，他把大儿子范大冲和二媳妇叫到床前，他把遗产分为了两份，一份是白银万两，一份是一座楼和一楼藏书，让他们挑选。儿子范大冲善解父意，选择了全部藏书，并表示愿意再投入，以增加藏书并保护和修缮好天一阁。也是从范钦的这一次分家产开始，天一阁的藏书制度更加严格，制定了很多的规范，如：代不分书，书不出阁;烟酒切忌登楼;女子不得登楼等等。关于这个女子不得登楼，还有一段凄美的故事，我们稍后再讲。

宝书楼(天一阁)

各位游客，现在我们来到的地方就是真正的藏书楼，天一阁，也叫做“宝书楼”，是范钦存放书籍的明代老房子。这是一座重檐硬山顶建筑，坐北朝南，前后开窗空气流通。六开间的西间安排上下行走的楼梯，东间楼下放杂物，楼上空着，用来隔潮，因为宁波属于海洋性季风气候，夏秋之际多东南方向来的台风，湿度很大，对保存藏书非常不利。楼下其余房间当初是用来会客的，现在中间放的是范钦的铜像。而楼上中间的四间便是真正的藏书之地。六开间的房屋格局比较少见，因为中国传统的房屋讲究的是对称，以中堂为轴，两边对称，因此间数为奇数而不是偶数。

天一阁的这个“天一地六”的模式，在清代的时候，获得了乾隆皇帝的垂青，指令收藏四库全书的故宫文渊阁，圆明园文源阁，承德避暑山庄文津阁等七处藏书楼，都要仿照天一阁的式样和结构建造。

看到这里，可能有人会问，那么为什么天一阁会叫做天一阁呢。关于天一阁的命名，一般有两种说法。第一种是，范钦在读书时看到《易经》中，有“天一生水，地六成之”之说，他认为书最怕火，而水则能克火，受启发而设置了这座楼，并取名天一阁。关于这个说法，我们可以发现，天一阁的天花板的藻井图案，都是古代的水纹和水兽，也象征了以水克火。另一种说法是，源于道家的“天人合一”而成为天一阁，所以楼上书橱编号有“日、月、星辰”等字。

天一阁建成后，也经过几次修葺。最大的一次修葺是在1933年9月18日台风刮塌天一阁东墙后，范氏无力维修。鄞县文献委员会发起组织了“重修天一阁委员会”，共计工作人员30人。重修天一阁委员会制定了简章和办事细则，向社会各界募捐，至1937年6月，维修工程完工，共收捐款2万多元。从这次修缮开始，私家藏书楼天一阁逐渐向公共藏书楼方向过渡、发展。1949年宁波解放，范氏后人将天一阁捐赠给国家。

现在请大家回过头来看一下天一阁前面的假山泉石。郭沫若先生是这样形容的：林泉雅洁多奇石。天一阁前的假山与水池占地面积很少，但非常精致，论年龄，水池比假山年纪大，因为水池是范钦造天一阁的时候挖的，为什么要挖这个水池呢，还是那句话，寓意以水客火。水池边上的假山石头上有“天一池”三个字，是1934年修葺天一阁的时候刻的。

旁边的这些假山是在清代康熙年间，由范钦的后裔范光文增加的。假山的年龄与假山旁边的那颗三叉大樟树差不多，因为樟树也是那个时候种的，大概算算，也有300多岁了。说到假山，大家都知道在苏州园林中，大多数取材于“皱透漏痩丑”的太湖石为主，而这里的假山则是就地取材，用的是产于宁波海滨和岛礁上的海礁石。

总体来说这里的假山造型以“福、禄、寿”作总体造型，用假山石头堆成九狮一象等。我们重点把目光集中在这块石头上，这块石头叫做美女照镜。关于这个石头，就涉及到天一阁的其中一条规范“女子不得登楼”。话说当时有个美女叫做钱绣云，是宁波知府邱铁卿的内侄女。据记载，钱绣云是一个酷爱读书的聪明才女，为了能登上天一阁读书，就托邱太守为媚，与范氏后裔范邦柱秀才结为夫妻，婚后的绣云以为可以如愿以偿上楼看书了，但她万万没想到成了范家的儿媳妇还是不能登楼看书，因为族规不准妇女登楼。说是古代妇女的一大职责是下厨房做饭，跟火打交道，而书最怕的就是火，所以妇女不得登楼。最后她含恨而死，就变成了这块石头，日夜守望者天一阁。

尊经阁

各位游客，现在我们来到的是天一阁的北面，眼前的这个建筑叫做尊经阁。尊经阁原来是宁波府学(孔庙)的藏书楼。1935年，因建造体育场，宁波府学(孔庙)被拆掉，尊经阁也无处安身。而天一阁在那个时候，刚好在做大规模的修葺。重修天一阁委员会便征购了天一阁北面的房屋，把地面修平后，将尊经阁移建到了这里。

话说在上世纪七八十年代的时候，有些媒体记者、游客把尊经阁错认为天一阁，将尊经阁的照片刊登在报纸上，报道说现在的天一阁如何如何啦，闹出了好多笑话来。说到主要原因，还是得归咎于天一阁是在太朴实，太不起眼了，而尊经阁飞檐翘角，巍峨壮观，门前蹲了两只石狮子，还有一棵硕大的广玉兰，非常气派，太符合他们心中想象的天一阁了，于是就张冠李戴了，天一阁人对于这个事情，可以说是哭笑不得。现在的尊经阁主要用来收藏天一阁内部用的工具书，延续了它的藏书功能，楼下通常用来接待贵宾观赏馆藏古籍和字画。

明州碑林

现在我们看到的，尊经阁周围的这些墙壁上的石碑，被统称为“明州碑林”，一共有173方，其中近80多方是1953年从宁波府学、县学等处迁移过来的。把出土的或被废置的古代碑碣集中起来建成碑林，这是保护文物行之有效的一种方法。半个多世纪来，宁波各地的碑石移到这里才得到有效的保护。碑文记载了宁波历代经济、政治、军事、文化和教育等情况，成为了“刻在石头上的地方史书”，有着重要的历史价值。

在这个明州碑林的围墙边上，以前有一个北大门。民国时期一度作为进出天一阁的大门。1949年3月12日下午，蒋先生第二次来天一阁，也是他最后一次来天一阁，由蒋经国、沙孟海等陪同，从这个大门进入了天一阁。他对当时的范氏后裔说，要好好保护天一阁，将来总有用。

千晋斋

各位游客，夸过这道小门，我们就直接从明代跨进了中华民国时期。这三间平屋叫“千晋斋”。这块“千晋斋”的匾额是宁波慈溪书法家钱罕在1935年所题。门前挂的是一幅竹刻对联“石潭白鱼自出没，草屋老树相因依”，是清代赵之谦所书。我们一般看到的楹联都是木刻的，竹刻的比较少见，像这么大的竹刻楹联更是少之又少，这大概与宁波奉化盛产大毛竹有关。

各位游客，现在我们进入千晋斋。它有三个展厅，首先看到的这间藏有样式大小不一的晋砖的是真正的千晋斋。这个房子的由来，同样得追溯到20世纪三十年代。1931年，同大多数中国城市一样，宁波成的城墙被拆毁，出土了大量汉晋由来的古城砖，宁波的文化人士纷纷前往挑选具有历史文化艺术价值的拿回家珍藏，以做研究。回宁波度暑假的马廉发现其中大量的汉晋古砖价值很高，故收集了很多。因其所藏多为晋砖，故藏室命名为千晋斋。1933年天一阁重修时，马廉将自己收集的数百块古砖全部捐赠给了天一阁。天一阁特别建造了一个屋子用来陈列，依然称为“千晋斋”。此后，凡有古砖出土，或者有收藏家捐赠，都存放在这里，这些古砖见证了宁波城市的发展。从此，“千晋斋”成了天一阁的一个组成部分，迄今已有80多年的历史，这是马廉先生对宁波历史文化的一大贡献。

第二个展厅展示了宁波许多著名的藏书家捐献给天一阁的部分收藏品，其中有冯真群、张季言等藏书家的献书词，表达了他们将辛勤积累的藏书与天一阁并存和造福于后人的良苦用心。

最后一个展厅是历代登上藏书楼的著名学者的事迹介绍。第一个破例登上天一阁的外姓族人是明末清初的思想家黄宗羲。他在康熙十二年登上天一阁，范氏后代规定，非各方齐集，任何人不得擅开。黄宗羲不仅阅读了天一阁的所有藏书，并且还为天一阁的藏书编制了目录。其他这些都是后期有幸登上天一阁的学者的介绍。

东园、明池

各位游客现在我们来到的是东园，它原本不属于范家范围，是政府为了适应旅游需要而扩建的。从1959年开始平整土地，种植竹木，知道1986年才算是正式完工。由于在天一阁的东面，古称东园。东园以假山、水池、树木、亭阁为主题，环境优美。宝书楼、尊经阁是天一阁博物馆的藏书文化区，这里便是博物馆的园林休闲区。这里的假山和天一池边的假山一样，也是用宁波产的海礁石堆砌起来的，石头上还完整地粘了牡蛎壳。东园中的这个池子，叫做“明池”，东园与明池的名字合起来，刚好是天一阁主人范钦的号——东明。

百鹅亭

现在请大家跟我过来看一下这座亭子，这座是明代晚期的石亭，叫做百鹅亭，原来位于宁波南郊的祖关山，是明代墓前的一座祭拜亭，1959年迁移到这里。之所以叫做“百鹅亭”，并非亭子上镌刻了100只鹅，而是因为宁波富家大户祭拜先人的一种排场和阔气，清明做羹饭的时候，要杀100只鹅孝敬祖先，因此而命名。现在宁波还有道叫做“清明鹅”的时令佳肴。这是座石头仿木头建筑的亭子，呈四方形，结构精巧，雕刻细腻，四角梁柱及顶棚、边沿刻有鱼跃龙门，麒麟招宝、双狮戏球等传统吉祥图案，迁移来的时候已经没有了顶盖，现在也无法复原，因为谁都不知道它原先顶盖的模样。亭子里的石桌子，据说是以为老太太送来的，旧城改造，老太太离开了原先的一楼院子搬到楼上，石桌子无处安身，赠送给了天一阁，于是它便成为了天一阁东园百鹅亭的一分子。

凝晖堂

现在我们回过头来看这个房子。这座飞檐翘角的单檐歇山顶建筑叫做凝晖堂。原是建于清代同治年间的张公祠，1986年从江北槐树路原宁波机械工业学校内搬迁过来，改名凝晖堂。凝晖堂是专门用来陈列天一阁馆藏的贴石的。

天一阁藏书丰富，天下皆知，除了藏书之外，收藏碑帖的数量之丰富，在业内来说，也是享誉全国。范钦除了收集书籍之外，也收藏书法、贴石。只是范钦后人重书轻“石”，直到清代乾隆三年，史学家全祖望登上天一阁，为天一阁整理碑帖，并作《天一阁碑目记》，天一阁的碑帖、拓本才开始引起世人的重视。

天一阁现藏宋代开始的拓片4000多件。陈列贴石最多最好的当数西安碑林，但天一阁的凝晖堂里，也有很多好的贴石。尤其是明代所刻神龙本《兰亭序》，据说刻石的时间要比绍兴兰亭的那块《兰亭序》还早。

我们经常听到碑石和贴石合称为“碑帖”，但实际上他们是两个不同的概念。主要区别有六个方面的不同。第一是内容不同，碑石大多数是铭、志、传、记及文学作品之类，贴石则以手稿或名家书稿为主，如诗文等，内容比碑石丰富。第二是功能不同，碑石以实用为主，记述人物或事迹用来流传后世，贴石作为书法艺术摹本，将书法艺术流播后世。第三，字体不同。碑石所用的文字多以庄重的篆书、隶书、楷书为主，贴石则各种字体都有。第四，形状不同。碑石大多数是高大的竖石，而贴石多为横向。碑石大多数是单面刻的，背面就算有内容，也属于次要的。贴石正反面没有主次之分，甚至四面都有刻字。第五，上石方法不同，碑石用书丹直接上石，而贴石则为模仿原件上石。六、刻法不同，贴石需要忠实于原作，反映书法家真实的墨迹，而碑石则根据实际需要进行摹刻。说简单点，所谓贴石，上面所刻的字拓下来就可以做临摹的字帖。

麻将起源地陈列馆

各位游客，现在我们来到的是麻将起源地陈列馆。首先我们看到的这个房子是德和(HU)堂。此馆主要陈列的是各种麻将牌，有中国、日本、韩国、美国等不同产地、不同质地的麻将牌。

说起麻将，不得不提到的是，宁波是麻将的发源地。现代麻将最早起源于古代的叶子戏，后来发展成为马吊，到清代中期，马吊又发展成麻雀纸牌，就是现代麻将的雏形。纸牌玩起来不方便，于是麻将发明人陈鱼门在清朝的时候，将纸牌改良成了竹牌，并在原来的基础上，增加了包括东南西北四风在内的16张牌，由此形成了流行至今的136张一副的麻将牌。这种麻将一经问世，便迅速盛行于大江南北，后来相继传到英国、美国、澳大利亚、日本等国家。在1998年的时候，麻将被正式批准为一种体育竞技项目。由于陈鱼门“发明”了麻将牌，给人们带来娱乐的同时也对社会产生了副作用及负面影响，因此当时和后来的有些宁波人骂他是“屙老爷”。

请各位回过头来看地上，这个地面上是放大了的麻将牌。宁波是个靠海的城市，航海业发达，所以麻将中的许多术语於航海有关：索(北方念条)，象征船的缆绳和渔网;“筒”(北方念作饼)，象征船上的盛水桶;万，象征船家对财富的渴望;风则为出海的风向等等。

现在我们看到的三个铜像，讲的是陈鱼门和一个英国人，一个日本人在打麻将，不管是不是麻将爱好者，应该都能看出这是一个三缺一的情况，有兴趣的朋友可以坐下来跟他们拍个合照。旁边有一幅对联“筒来索去尤半日，参横月落不曾知”。非常诙谐的刻画了打麻将者的模样和心态。

花轿厅

各位游客，现在我们来到的这个展厅，主要陈列的是宁波独有的、专供浙东姑娘出嫁用的花轿——万工轿。所谓“万工轿”，就是说要花一万工劳动力才能做成的轿子，包括木工、雕花工、油漆工等等，绝对算得上劳动力密集、精雕细琢，甚至可以说是奢华了。关于宁波姑娘出嫁用如此高等级的轿子的原因，还涉及到一个故事。据说南宋小康王赵构逃难时路过宁波，宁波西乡的一位姑娘救了他。赵构跟姑娘说，等我过了这个难关，回到宫里，我就派人来迎娶你。后来赵构安定下来后，命人来宁波找这位姑娘，可是怎么都找不到。于是，他便下令说，凡是浙东姑娘出嫁，均可使用公主才能戴的凤冠霞帔、坐公主才可享受的花轿，所以宁波的新娘花轿，才有了如此的奢华。

在这里，值得一提的是，这万工轿并不是家里有姑娘出嫁就去特地制作的，如果是这样，这花轿可要泛滥成灾了。有商人看好花轿的市场行情和经济效益，于是专门制作并用来出租赚钱，就跟现在的婚庆公司出租高档车子做婚车有异曲同工之妙。20xx年，天一阁的这个万工轿，被国家博物馆借去作专门的展出，为此，还给花轿买了不少的保险。现在的上海博物馆、浙江博物馆所陈列展出的最好的花轿也都是宁波产。

秦氏支祠

给为游客，现在我们来到的地方是秦氏支祠。这个建筑融合了木雕、砖雕、贴金、拷作等民间工艺于一体，具有与众不同的宁波地方风格。为什么要称为支祠呢?那是因为建这个地方的主人秦君安是偏房所生，在一年一度的祭祀大典上，遭到族人的鄙视，他在家族中的身份地位无法提高，于是他赌气，召集了宁波的能工巧匠，花费20余万两姻缘，建造了这个祠堂，命名为“秦氏支祠”。

秦氏支祠的这个戏台，是整幢建筑最华丽的部分。戏台的屋顶由十六个斗拱承托，戏台的藻井由千百块经过精雕细刻的板榫搭接而成，尤其是朱金木雕更让整座戏台变得金碧辉煌，被行家推为浙东第一。请大家抬头看一下戏台的顶部，是盘旋上升的，就像个大号的扩音喇叭，这就是演员在戏台唱戏不需要麦克风，也能让大家清晰的听到的原因，叫人不得佩服古时候人的聪明才智和独具匠心。

南园、水北阁

各位游客，现在我们来到的是位于天一阁藏书楼之南的南园，该园占地3400平方米，是天一阁一期扩建工程的重要组成部分。在这里我们主要看的是水北阁。水北阁原是清代宁波藏书家徐时栋的藏书楼，原址在西门外亨六享，清代末期藏书散掉后，徐氏后裔住在里面。1993年，因宁波旧城改造，为更好地保护水北阁，宁波市政府决定将水北阁迁移至天一阁博物馆内。在天一阁古建筑公司的精心施工下，水北阁及徐氏旧居于1996年在天一阁南园按原貌恢复。1999年开始，称为专门收藏新编地方志的“中国地方志珍藏馆”。

司马第

各位游客，现在我们来到的是司马第。这里原来是范家最早的大门，因此上面悬挂了“司马第”的匾额。司马是古代时的官名，是兵事类的，范钦官至兵部右侍郎，以司马代称，他的府第也就称作司马第了。范家原先的“司马第”大门在很早的时候就已经不存在了，现在的这个，是在1996年于原址上重新建造的。门口的8根旗杆石是明代的原物。门前的这个对联，是清代嘉兴人，曾任宁波府教授的冯登府所写。

好了，各位游客，天一阁博物馆的游览，到这里就结束了，我们从这个门出去就又回到了东明草堂，旁边便是刚才我们进来的西大门。