苏州博物馆英文导游词【汇编20篇】

各位朋友：

大家好!欢迎诸位来天津古文化街参观游览。1985年建成的古文化街为天津城市增添了几许异彩，以其特有的“中国味”、“天津味”、“古味”、“文化味”吸引着来自远方的异乡游客。

这条街上有一座享誉几百年的古庙，它原名“天妃宫”，后该称“天后宫”。天津东临渤海，背倚京城，自古就是舟车汇集的水陆交通枢纽。天后宫就是在漕运大发展的情况下，为庇佑漕运建立起的祭祀海神天后的庙宇。

天后宫始建于元朝泰定三年，公元1326年，坐东朝西，是天津市区目前最古老的建筑。

天后宫，从东到西，由戏楼、幡杆、山门、楼牌、前殿、正殿、藏经阁、启圣祠，以及分列南北的钟鼓楼、张仙阁和配殿等建筑组成。

幡杆，在天后宫门前。据说，幡杆初立时，一方面挂灯，为往来三岔河口的漕船导航，另一方面则作为天后宫的陪衬物，使整个建筑群显得错落有致，气势不凡。后来，幡杆在农历每月初一、十五进香日及庙会期间，专门悬挂天后封号长幡。

山门是砖木混合结构组成。门额是用整砖雕刻“敕建天后宫”，这个山门是清朝乾隆年间增建的。

进得山门，迎面是木结构的两柱--楼式牌楼。牌楼是元、明时代天妃宫前的标志。“护国庇民”意思是“上以护国家，下以庇民生。”

在牌楼两侧的，北边是鼓楼，右边是钟楼。

过牌楼，就是前殿。前殿是天妃宫最早的山门，供奉护法神王灵官和人称“四大金刚”的“千里眼”、“顺风耳”、“加善”、“加恶”。

越过前殿，就是天后宫的主体建筑正殿，正殿是敬奉天后娘娘的地方，天后娘娘中局佛龛，身披霞披，头戴凤冠，四位侍女捧印、抱瓶、打扇恭立两旁。

穿正殿，即为藏经阁。藏经阁是砖、木结构的二层楼阁。现为民俗博物馆展厅。

在藏经阁的后面，过甬路，为启圣祠，即后殿。

昔日，天后宫供奉主神，当然是天后娘娘。但是，由于历史的原因，天后宫在漫长的岁月里，形成了佛道混杂，百神聚集的复杂情况。南北配殿供奉王三奶奶、挑水哥哥、送药天师、白老太太、龙王、药王诸神。

现在的天后宫内两侧厢房陈列有介绍天津城、天后宫及皇会的兴起和变迁，陈列明代天津城砖、清代漕运模型及各种民俗造型(婚礼仪仗、服饰等)、清代水机等文物。

综观天后宫的建筑，经历了各个时期的重修、大修及重建阶段，形成了其特有的风格。

出庙门，以北的一段街，叫“宫北大街”，庙门以南的大街即名“宫南大街”。

“宫南”、“宫北”口两处楼牌共有楼匾四块。

南口南面楼匾为“津门故里”四字，北口北面楼匾是“沽上艺苑”，二字八句，对仗工整，恰似极好地一副联语。

漫步古文化街，进出店铺时，您会看到许多店铺门面檐下、枋间有一幅幅极具江南造园艺术风格的苏画。构图生动有典，形态逼真，使得古文化街绚丽无比，风采迷人。

让我们来浏览一下苏画吧!

南口集珍阁檐下枋间画的是《三国演义》，从最东一架梁枋是“桃园三结义”，接下去依次是“虎牢关三英站吕布”、“凤仪亭吕布戏貂禅”、“三顾茅庐”、“当阳拒曹”、“甘露寺刘备招亲”、“夜战马超”、“截江夺斗”等八幅，从西蜀角度着重刻画了刘备、关羽、张飞三人的忠义、英勇故事。对面的梨园阁枋间也有画八幅，画的是古典戏剧名著《西厢记》，也就是相府小姐崔莺莺与赶考书生张君瑞的恋爱故事。从北边的一架梁枋起依次是“张生惊艳”、“张生普救寺借厢”、“墙角遥见”、“崔莺莺夜听琴”、“张生跳墙”、“书斋相会”、“拷打红娘”、“长亭送别”。

此外，乡景斋枋间的“化蝶”、“十八相送”;文运堂书店的“水漫金山”、“祭塔救母”;芸萃斋、印景轩、风来阁、石古斋的枋间画的也都是《红楼梦》中大家熟知的一些故事。

在门面建筑装饰中除彩绘故事画外，另树一帜的是砖、木雕刻装饰。其内容广泛，多数带有浓郁的民俗气息和吉祥喜庆寓意。

士宝斋前木雕取意《清明上河图》几处波澜起伏、情节变化的画面。北头一幅是：汴河岸边泊着许多船只，河心一只大船上七八人拼命摇橹。船工的奋力以进，说明载重量之大河水上运输的繁忙紧张情况。中间一幅，画面正中是汴河上东水门外的虹桥。桥下一只载满大船正要通过，全体船夫紧张操作，桥上车辆、牲口、各色行人和看水、看船的人摩肩接踵，构成一股都会生活的洪流，是《清明上河图》画卷的高潮部分。

当您走进店铺前，抬头瞧瞧门面字号，会发现这里每家店铺的牌匾都带有古老的传统，给讲求“生意兴隆”的商业环境增添了不少浓郁的文化气息。“金字牌匾”在文化街各店铺普遍悬挂，为街区增添了墨妙异彩。

正是这样，古文化街无论建筑风貌、店铺装修、匾额楹联，经营商品都带有浓郁的艺术气息。漫步古文化街上已足赏心悦目;而古玩、字画、文房四宝、碑帖、古籍、杨柳青年画、泥人张彩塑、天津风筝等专业店铺丛聚本街，供您观赏、选购。至于中西乐器、艺术陶瓷、装潢小件也都有专店，买上一两件，固是惬人心意的事，而流连一番，或许也可以受到熏陶、启迪，摄取到一些营养吧。

好，谢谢大家，我的讲解到此结束了。但愿后会有期，我能再次为您服务。愿天津古文化街一行留在您美好的回忆中。

各位游客，我的介绍就到那里，如在参观游览的过程中有其他问题，请向我询问，我会再进行讲解。谢谢大家！

游客们，大家好！此刻我们位于北京市崇文区天坛路，我想有的朋友已经猜到了，我们的下一个景点就是美丽的天坛。

天坛，在北京市南部，东城区永定门内大街东侧。占地约270万平方米，是中国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。南有天坛祭天，东有日坛祭太阳，西有月坛祭月亮，其中，天坛最光彩夺目。天坛始建于明永乐十八年，清乾隆、光绪时曾重修改建。为明、清两代帝王祭祀皇天、祈五谷丰登的场所。

同时，它也是中国木结构建筑的顶峰，全用木材就完成了这一惊世杰作。天坛另一美妙之处，是奇妙的回声。站在中心叫一声，你会听到从地层深处传来的明亮而深沉的回响，这声音仿佛来自地心，又似乎来自天空，所以人们为它取了一个充满神秘色彩的名字“天心石”。在皇穹宇的四周有一道厚约0.9米的围墙，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，站在另一端的人只要耳贴墙面就能听得异常清晰，并且还有立体声效果哦！这就是神奇的“回音壁”。这证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学原理。

游客们，此刻请大家参观一小时，然后到门厅集合。

Tourists friends:

Everybody is good! I am the guide from guilin lijiang river, my last name is zhang, everyone call me xiao zhang. First of all, on behalf of our travel agency, I wish you all in this short day swim, can have fun, enjoy more beautiful scenery.

First well go to lijiang, small sit played li river bamboo raft. When you sit on board, to see a lot of small bamboo raft, is our customs of zhuang sang folk songs, I led, you follow me, there will be a lot of people to sing together. You know what the mountain people less myopia? Because ah, mountain far and high, often see the distant scenery, eyes wont myopia. Believe that watching the film liu sanjie must have a lot of friends, that is taken here, the clear water of the blue, blue, green, can clearly see the bottom of the stone.

The second stop: were going to the big banyan tree. The banyan tree it was said that there are hundreds of years old, and its wide spreading, tree a few dozen meters high, with dozens of meters long, roots and tree trunks were confused, with the title king of the banyan tree. On the way to the big banyan tree, and we are passing the moon mountain, distance, rain or shine of the moon waxing, nature is really amazing.

In the big banyan tree scenic area, we all go to the village for dinner. At noon, after dinner we went to play the last leg of today, the famous scenic spot elephant trunk hill. Why that name? Because the mountains look like an elephant, in front of the rocks stretching down, bent into a hole, like the nose, so it is called elephant trunk hill. We sat on the bamboo raft, you can enter the elephants nose hole, the inside is decorated with famous of guilin - osmanthus wine!

All nervous and happy one day will be over, dear dog, we see you next time. Oh, I forgot to tell you, in our here, dog is the meaning of a good friend!

Founded in 1087, Xian stele forest is an art treasure house with theearliest and largest number of ancient steles in China. There are more than 1000steles and epitaphs from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. There is a forestof Steles, so it is called the forest of steles. The forest of Steles in Xianis rich in materials. It is not only a treasure house of ancient Chinesecalligraphy, but also a collection of ancient literature and stone patterns. Itdescribes some achievements of Chinas cultural development and reflects thehistorical facts of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, soit is famous at home and abroad.

The forest of Steles in Xian was developed on the basis of preserving thestone scriptures of Tang Dynasty. The Shijing in Tang Dynasty includes ShitaiXiaojing written by Li Longji in 745 AD and Kaicheng Shijing carved in 837ad.

In front of the first exhibition room of the forest of Steles is a pavilionspecially built for displaying Shitai Xiaojing. Shitai Xiaojing is the largeststele in the forest of steles. It was written by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong ofTang Dynasty, in 745 ad. The book of filial piety was compiled by Confuciusstudents, who specially emphasized filial piety. The first part is Li Longjispreface to filial piety. The purpose of Xuanzongs preface to filial piety is toshow that he wants to govern the world with filial piety. The following is theoriginal text of filial piety, and the small words are the annotation of EmperorXuanzong for filial piety. The base is composed of a three-layer stone platform,with vivid lines carved on it, such as vines, lion flowers, etc. it is arepresentative of the Mid Tang Dynasty, with relief cirrus above. The stele iscomposed of four stones with a stone platform under it, so it is called "stoneplatform filial piety".

The first exhibition room of the forest of Steles mainly displays theKaicheng Shijing. The materials include Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Zhouli, Yili,Liji, Chunqiu Zuoshi biography, Chunqiu Gongyang biography, Chunqiu Guliangbiography, Analects of Confucius, Xiaojing, Erya and other 12 scriptures, with650252 words, 114 square stones and inscriptions on both sides. More than 30000characters on 17 sides of Mencius, which was made up in the Qing Dynasty, arealso displayed here, collectively known as the thirteen classics. Twelveclassics are the necessary books for intellectuals in feudal society. Becausethe printing technology was not very developed at that time, in order to avoidthe mistakes made by the literati in copying scriptures, and to preserve thempermanently, the 12 scriptures were engraved on stone tablets as models, whichwere set up in the Imperial Academy of Changan City for people to proofread.Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, China has carved scriptures seven times. KaichengShijing is the only complete set of stone scriptures.

The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful and fertile shores of the East China Sea near the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay. The lake covers an area of 5.6 square kilometers. The view of the West Lake is simply enchanting, which offers many attractions for tourists at home and abroad.

Tiger-running Spring

The legend goes that two tights ran there and made a hole where a spring gushed out. The Longjing Tea and the Tiger-running Spring water are always reputed as the "Two Wonders of the West Lake". The Lingyin Monastery

The Lingyin Monastery, or the Monastery of Soul’s Retreat, is a famous historical site of the West Lake. Here exists the Lingyin Monastery, a famous ancient temple in China, in front of which there are Feilai Peak, Cold Spring, Longhong Cave and precious rock cave arts and queer and varied natural caves and gullies.

Spring Dawn at Su Causeway

It’s a 2.8 km. long boulevard cutting across the south-north scenic area, and lined with trees and flowering plants. When Spring comes with crimson peach blossoms and green willows; the scenery is all the more charming. Strolling along the boulevard, one feels as if the West Lake were wakening in dawn mist. Young willows were ethereal, spring breeze so caressing, and birds were chirping in unison.

The Moon Reflected in Three Pools

"There are islands in the lake and three are lake on the islands." The three stone towers were first built in Yuanyou 4th year (1089) of the Song Dynasty, with the wonderful scenery of "one moon in the sky having three reflection in the lake", it is one of the wonderful scenes of the West Lake. Notes:

1. West Lake 西湖

2. Tiger-running Spring 虎跑泉

3. The Lingyin Monastery 灵隐寺

4. Spring Dawn at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓

5. The Moon Reflected in Three Pools 三潭印月

Visitors: when in a garden scenic spot planning, garden owners in accordance with the main route clockwise decorated the spring, summer, autumn and winter around fake rock scene, novel idea and fine timber, the entourage of harmony, tight structure. In landscape sequence with the theme of rockery, seasonal feature is writing proposition, hills is enlightenment, summerhill is a ministry, akiyama is high, the winter hill is an end, like the creation of music or writing articles, has a strict rhyme.

Dear visitors: a garden rockery summed up the so-called "hills and like to laugh, talk and metallurgy summerhill, such as green, bright and clean, such as makeup, akiyama mountain winter bleak and such as sleep" and "hills should swim, summerhill appropriate, the appropriate akiyama, winter mountain livable" HuaLi. Park and "appropriate woo hin", "mountain building", "stroke YunTing", "autumn pavilion", "air leakage through yue xuan" and other ancient buildings. Four seasons rockery in the set off of these LouTaiTingGe and fomous trees dotted with, more show of primitive simplicity and elegant, deep and Japan. Stone someone said that the four criteria: "wrinkled, thin, transparent, leak," seems to have conclusive, its just a general stacked stone skills, like a garden this peak building stone, a four seasons rockery, garden week, seemed to swim in, a sign of designing different extremely common; More valuable, this spring, summer, autumn and winter are not isolated individuals separated, but unaware tiancheng. Winter scene is give a person the sense with snow did not disappear chills. But by spring scenery of the west wall opened two circular tracery, see bamboo wall to zhizhi, and give people "winter do bursts hunlei" profound artistic conception, the whole garden is like a huge picture scroll of composing system, the harmony of the beauty of composition.

Visitors: a garden of the main landscape has finished touring. In swimming alone YuanHou, perhaps you will send a heartfelt sigh: and I also yangzhou garden, is indeed a garden in the essence of the garden.

女士们、先生们：今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名地故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，顾名思义，就是昔日地皇家宫殿。自1920xx年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420xx年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝地14位，清朝地10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌地宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整地古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术地优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要地地位，是建筑艺术地经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成地。中国古代天文学家将天上所有地星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中地三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣地中央，正符合“紫微居中”地说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿地名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下地帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。

“禁”字地意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1920xx年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊!紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史地，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建，用了20xx年地时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年地历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦地建筑群，为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋地感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家地色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。

而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑地基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米，号称10米地城墙，墙外一周是52米宽地护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观地角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城四周各设一门，南面地正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名地工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用地建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县地盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。

宫殿内墁地地方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧地。宫殿墙壁上所用地红色，原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)地烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。我们这里眼前地建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城地正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”地名字，故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。关于“推出午门斩首”地说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来地。

实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有地在午门廷杖，当然严重地可能也有被当场打死地。(进午门后金水桥前)现在我们这里已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫地布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大地面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大地建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整地感觉，最主要地手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显地中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内地部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿地设计和布局都表现了封建君主地“尊严”和对封建等级制度地森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们这里在外朝地最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头地守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前地狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立地为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们这里眼前地这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡地五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。(在太和门前)故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间地部分分为“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成“外朝”雄伟壮观地格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大地“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕“御路”。

太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大地一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽地古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务地地方。两侧地东、西六宫是嫔妃地住所，东、西一所是皇子地住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩地三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿地白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。故宫中地建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基地处理，殿顶地形式，吻兽和垂脊兽地数目，彩绘图案地规制等等。

这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观，而且还表现了宫中建筑地等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上地皇宫一共有房10000间，地上地皇帝自称“天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指地便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓地这半间是根本不存在地。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》地地方，为了照顾布局上地美观，所以把西头一间建造地格外小。(经过太和门之后)女士们、先生们，前面地大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大地一座。

太和殿建在三层重叠地“工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。太和殿始建于公元1420xx年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹地毁坏，现在大家看到地是清朝建地。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用地，后来换成了神话传说中地动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰地。明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。

整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆地感觉。正中为御路，左右地面铺地砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸，是做什么用地呢?在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎地，缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大地广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿地雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时，殿内地珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上地铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。

清朝末代皇帝溥仪1920xx年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：“别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国20xx多年地封建统治。(在太和殿地石台上)这是铜香炉，，是皇帝举行典礼时焚烧檀香用地。这里一共有18座，代表清朝18个省。殿外左右安放四个铜缸，象征”金瓯无缺“，作为贮水防火之用。台基东西两侧各有一只铜制仙鹤和龟，是长寿地象征。这个由铅铸造成地器具叫嘉量，嘉量是当时量地标准器，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤,谁八两，心中自然有数。

对面还有一个石头做成地器具叫做日晷，是古代地测时仪。皇帝地意思是：量和时地基准都在自己手里。太和殿正面有12根圆红柱，东西约63米，南北进深约37米，高35米，殿前丹陛三层五出，殿前后有金扉40个，金锁窗16个，整个大殿雕梁画栋，豪华富丽。殿内中央设有2米高地平台，上面摆放着雕有9条金龙地楠木宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案，左右有对称地宝象、角端、仙鹤、香筒等陈列品。象驮宝瓶，内装五谷，象征太平景象、五谷丰登。角端是我国古代神话传说中地一种神兽，可“日行一万八千里”，通晓四方语言，只有明君，它才捧书而至，护驾身旁。太和殿也叫金銮殿，为什么这么叫呢?因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。金砖墁地平整如镜，光滑细腻，像是洒了一层水，发着幽暗地光。

那么金砖真地含金吗?其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制地砖，工艺考究，复杂，专为皇宫而制，敲起来有金石之声，所以称作“金砖”。烧这种砖，每一块相当于一石大米地价钱，可见金砖虽不含金，但也确实贵重。殿内共有72根大主柱，支撑其全部重量，其中6根雕龙金柱，沥粉贴金，围绕着宝座周围。在殿中央有一藻井，是从古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演变面来，为中国古代建筑地特色之一。主要设置在“尊贵”地建筑物上，有“神圣”之意。在藻井中央部位，有一浮雕蟠龙，口衔一球(球为铜胎中空，外涂水银)，此球叫轩辕镜，传说是远古时代轩辕黄帝制造地，悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起，构成游龙戏珠地形式，悬于帝王宝座上方，以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕地子孙，是黄帝正统继承者。

它使殿堂富丽堂皇，雍容华贵。镜下正好对着宝座，据说是袁世凯怕大球掉下来把他砸死，故将宝座向后挪到现在地位置。关于龙椅，这里面有段故事。1920xx年(民国五年)袁世凯登基时，把原来地宝座搬走了，换了一把西式高背大椅，上饰他自己设计地帝国徽号。据说他地腿短，因而将椅座降低。新中国成立后，为了寻找那把龙椅，根据过去地一张照片，在破家具库找到了一把破椅，经专家鉴定，这椅子就是皇帝宝座，后经修复展出。(带客人至太和殿东或西侧铜缸处)古人把陈设在殿堂皇屋宇前地大缸，称为“门海”，门海者，盖“门前大海”之意，古人相信，门前有大海，就不怕闹火灾。因此，大缸又称为吉祥缸。它既是陈设品，又是消防器材。在科学不民达地古代，宫中没有自来水，更没有消防器材。

因此，缸内必须长年储满水以备不虞。清代时，共有308口大缸，按其质量分类三种，即鎏金铜缸、烧古铜缸和铁缸，其中最珍贵地是鎏金铜缸。然而这些鎏金铜缸没有逃脱侵略者刺刀刮体地厄运。侵略者是谁?是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥八国联军。为了镇压中国人民反帝地义和团运动，1920xx年地8月13日至8月15日，八国联军攻陷北京，进占紫禁城。救死扶伤和军官们烧、杀、抢、掠，从宫中及颐和园等处动掠夺地文物在各侵略国使馆区堆积如山，至今仍有大量文物被伦敦、巴黎、纽约博物馆攫为已有。这一切包括眼前这口缸上地道道刮痕都已成为帝国主义侵略中国地铁证。是伪统治时期，大缸被拉出宫门，装上日本侵略军地卡车，用去制作子弹，再反过来屠杀我国人民。

(中和殿前)眼前这个方形建筑是中和殿。皇帝举行大典前，先到此暂坐休息，会见一些官员。皇帝去天、地、日、月四坛祭祀时，前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。每年二月皇帝到先家坛举行亲耕仪式，前一天要来这里阅视种子、农具、祝文。这里现在陈列地是乾隆年间地两面三刀顶肩舆，即八抬大轿城角故宫地四个城角，每一个角上有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊地角楼，建造地可好看了。这四座角搂是怎么盖地呢?北京有这么个传说——明朝地燕王朱隶在南京做了永乐皇帝以后，因为北京是他做王爷时候地老地方，就想迁都北京，于是就派了亲信大臣到北京盖皇官。朱隶告诉这个大臣：要在皇宫外墙——紫禁城地四个犄角上，盖四座样子特别美丽地角楼，每座角楼要有九梁十八柱、七十二条脊。

并且说：“你就做这个管工大臣吧，如果修盖地不好是要杀头地!”管工大臣领了皇帝地谕旨后，心里非常发愁，不知如何盖这九梁十八柱、七十二条脊地角楼。管工大臣到了北京以后，就把八十一家大包工木厂地工头、木匠们都叫来，跟他们说了皇帝地旨意，限期三个月，叫他们一定要按期盖成这四座怪样子地角楼，并且说：“如果盖不成，皇帝自然要杀我地头，可是在没杀我地头之前，我就先把你们地头砍了，所以当心你们地脑袋。”工头和木匠们对这样地工程都没把握，只好常常在一块琢磨法子。三个月地期限是很短地，一转眼就是一个月了，工头和木匠们还没想出一点头绪、一点办法来，他们做了许多样型，都不合适。这时候，正赶上六七月地三伏天气，热得人都喘不上气来，加上心里烦闷，工头和木匠们真是坐也不合适，躺也不合适。

有这么一位木匠师傅，实在呆不住了，就上大街闲遛去了。走着走着，听见老远传来一片蝈蝈地吵叫声，接着、又听见一声吆喝：“买蝈蝈，听叫去，睡不着，解闷儿去!”走近一看，是一个老头儿挑着许多大大小小秫秸编地蝈蝈笼子，在沿街叫卖。其中有一个细秫秸棍插地蝈蝈笼子，精巧得跟画里地一座楼阁一样，里头装着几只蝈蝈，木匠师傅想：反正是烦心地事，该死地活不了，买个好看地笼子，看着也有趣儿，于是就买下了。这个木匠提着蝈蝈笼子，回到了工地。大伙儿一看就吵嚷起来了：“人们都心里怪烦地，你怎么买一笼子蝈蝈来，成心吵人是怎么着?”木匠笑着说：“大家睡不着解个闷儿吧，你们瞧……”他原想说你们瞧这个笼子多么好看呀!可是他还没说出嘴来，就觉得这笼子有点特别。

他急忙摆着手说：“你们先别吵吵嚷嚷地，让我数数再说。“他把蝈蝈笼子地梁啊、柱啊、脊呀细细地数了一遍又一遍，大伙被他这一数，也吸引得留了神，静静地直着眼睛看着，一点声音也没有。木匠数完了蝈蝈笼子，蹦起来一拍大腿说：“这不正是九梁十八柱七十二条脊么?”大伙一听都高兴了，这个接过笼子数数，那个也接过笼子数数，都说：“真是九梁十八柱、七十二条脊地楼阁啊，”大伙儿受这个笼子地启发，琢磨出了紫禁城角楼地样子，烫出纸浆做出样型，最后修成了到现在还存在地角搂。

葆光室与锡晋斋之间有垂花门，上悬天香庭院匾额。垂花门南有竹圃，北有西府海棠两棵。锡晋斋是恭王府西路院落最北端的正房。锡普斋原名庆颐堂，俗称楠木房。有东西配房各五间，东房名为乐古斋，西房名为尔尔斋。庆颐堂据说缘起于乾隆所赐“庆颐良辅”匾额。和坤修建庆颐堂时模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫，面阔7间，前有庑廊，后出抱厦5间，平面呈凸字形。正中厅内东西北三面为两层暗楼，楼内的碧纱橱槛窗、栏杆等捕木装修，雕饰精美细致。其外檐柱的鼓形柱础，与承德普宁寺大乘阁的形制相同。嘉庆皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，和坤罪状第十三款中的“所盖捕木房屋，僭侈逾制，隔断式样皆仿宁寿宫制度”，即指此而言。恭亲王入住后把这里作为书房和文物收藏处所。而锡晋斋这个名称，一说是恭亲王奕?得到晋朝陆机的《平复帖》后所起;另一说是小恭王溥伟所起。这是王府府邸最精美的建筑。走到西路的最北端了，下面我们要到这王府府邸的后罩楼去看看。

后罩楼位于府邸和花园的衔接处，50多间房屋连成一排，达160多米长。这座朱楼是国内王府类建筑中最长的楼，被形容为“99间半房子”。后罩楼东部为瞻霁楼，西部为宝约楼。西端的5间房俗称“小迷宫”，这里有国内惟一的室内园林景观，两个楼层之间去除楼板，将亭台楼阁和假山溪流等搬进屋里。这几间室内花园将楼上楼下通连在一起，山石叠砌，可上可下，瀑布飞泻，亭台楼阁和小桥流水都非常精致。

此楼前檐出廊，后檐墙上每间上各开一窗，上层为形式各异的什锦窗，窗口砖雕精细，楼梯原为木假山形。楼中间偏西一间的下层有过道门，通向府后的花园。那么现在就让我们去王府后花园领略一番吧。

站在府邸与花园间的箭道上，远望王府后罩楼，是不是格外有气势呢?那么接下来，您将要游览的就是被称为“人间仙府”的恭王府花园。

60年代，周总理和红学专家周汝昌先生来到恭王府视察，走到景色迷人的种有一大片丝竹的潇湘院时，周先生提出潇湘院是不是红楼梦原型的说法。总理一看这个院子这么好，当时就产生了修缮开放的想法，目的是让人民了解中国古代的历史和文化。在当时文化部谷牧先生的主持下，恭王府花园部分在上世纪80年代时就正式开放了。

恭王府花园又称“萃锦园”，位于什刹海西侧的柳荫街，是北京城内数十座王府花园中规模最大、保存最好的，也是目前北京惟一一处以花园的名义对公众开放的王府。花园南北长约150米，东西宽170余米，占地约2.8万平方米，有古建筑30余处。此园后来的主人恭亲王奕忻为了重建花园曾调集百名能工巧匠，融江南园林风格与北方建筑格局为一体，汇中西建筑元素于一园，使之成为京师数十座王府之冠，可以称之“人间神仙府，什刹海的明珠”。恭王府花园布局精巧，景色宜人，有学者说它是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》中大观园的原型。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了天坛，首先我为大家简单介绍一下，天坛是世a686964616fe58685e5aeb界上现存的规模最大的古代皇家祭祀性建筑群，它是明清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷及祈雨的地方.天坛完工于公元1420年，位于紫禁城的东南方向，全园占地273公顷，是紫禁城面积的4倍。在中轴线上有三组非常重要的建筑，自南向北依次是圜丘坛、皇穹宇及祈年殿。另外，园中西侧有斋宫等建筑，全园遍植古松、庄严肃穆，是一处非常理想的祭祀场所。

在明代，天坛初建之时，实行天地合祭，不仅祭天，而且祭地，其位置便是今天祈年殿所在的祈谷坛上。后来，在京城的北面设地坛，专门祭地，又在祈年殿的南侧修建了圜丘坛及皇穹宇，专门祭天，从而形成了今天的格局及规模。1900年八国联军入侵北京，天坛也未能幸免于难。侵略者在此胡作非为，盗走并破坏无数珍贵文物，犯下不可饶恕的罪行。

最后一个在这里祭天的人是窃国大盗袁世凯，但天不随人愿，袁某只做了83天皇帝瘾便一命归西了。解放后，国家多次拨款重修天坛，但不再是为了祭天，而是为了给世人、给世界留下一份遗产。

Fairyland penglai pavilion is located in the city of the northern littoral danya mountain, with the yueyang tower, yellow crane tower, tengwang pavilion, and known as "Chinas four famous towers", we already put it as a trip to yantai to must-see, when we boarded the one thousand pavilion, at the same time of enjoying fairy wind chaton, also deeply felt its magical and mysterious and great courage.

When it comes to its magic, always let a person full of praise. At the foot of the mountain to appreciate penglai pavilion, danya mountain first, with clear water HaoMang set each other off, attic at the top, as if inlaid in the trees even ladies eye, in the commanding position next to the lighthouse, majestic, like soldiers to protect penglai pavilion, is standing majestically on the cliffs. Surrounded by a wall of lists of the majestic mountains, spectacular, is really a beautiful picture of XianGe dives. Looking down from the penglai pavilion, the ever changing under the cliff, great tide, atop the, wide, not only can let a person feel the sea vast, good luck can also see a mirage of the world wonders.

Tour guide told us that most of penglai mirage in June each year, sometimes appear in the summer and fall, for a long time, a few hours, short a few minutes, is not seeking to be, it is a pity that we failed to see the spectacle. Impressive and shelter pavilion, it is in the west side of penglai pavilion, windowless, linhai side doors open. Tour guide told us that the outside the wind again big, the interior is also stagnated but because of the high north of the wall to the halfway up the pavilion, the wall of the outer wall with arc, when the north wind blow to the curved walls will rise sharply, flying over the roof to the south. Unfortunately we have no same prepared a box of matches to try.

Famen Temple is located in Chongzheng town (now Famen town), 10 kilometersnorth of Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, 120 kilometers east of Xian and 96kilometers west of Baoji. In April 1987, the underground palace of Famen Templewas excavated. The Buddha finger relic and a large number of rare treasures ofthe Tang Dynasty were unearthed. Among them, 121 pieces of dazzling gold andsilver ware, 17 pieces of exquisite glass ware, 16 pieces of lost "secret colorporcelain" ware, and more than 700 pieces of brocade, silk, Luo, yarn, silk, Qi,embroidery and other textiles were unearthed. This batch of cultural relics israre both at home and abroad for its numerous types, large quantity, excellentquality, fine workmanship, high grade and well preserved. This archaeologicaldiscovery immediately caused a huge sensation at home and abroad, expertspointed out: the Buddha finger relic and cultural relics unearthed in FamenTemple is another major discovery in Shaanxi Province after the pit ofterracotta warriors and horses.

According to experts research, Famen Temple was first built in theNorthern Wei Dynasty, around 499 A.D., and the remaining stele of ThousandBuddhas in the Northern Wei Dynasty was built shortly after the pagoda waserected. At that time, it was called "asokang Temple" (or "wuyouwang Temple").In the Sui Dynasty, the Buddhist temples were changed into Daochang, and theasokang temple was changed into Chengshi temple. The Tang Dynasty was the heydayof Famen Temple. With its prominent position as a royal temple, it held sevengrand activities to welcome the Buddha bones, which had a profound impact onBuddhism and politics in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan,Emperor Gaozong, changed his name to "Famen Temple". In the second year of Wude(619), Li Shimin, king of Qin, spent 80 monks in Famen Temple. Huiye, a monk ofBaochang temple, was the first abbot of Famen Temple. During the reign ofZhenguan in Tang Dynasty, Ayu king tower was rebuilt into a four level woodentower. In the third year of zongdali (768), the Tang Dynasty was renamed "thereal body pagoda of protecting the country". Since the reign of Zhenguan, theTang government has spent a lot of manpower and financial resources on theexpansion and heavy work of Famen Temple. There are more and more halls andpavilions in the temple, more and more magnificent pagodas, and more and moreextensive areas. Finally, a grand temple with 24 courtyards was formed. Thenumber of monks and nuns in the temple has increased from more than 500 in Zhouand Wei dynasties to more than 5000. It is the largest temple in the "threeauxiliary" area.

各位现在看到院子里有一块长方形花岗岩，上面刻有联合国教科文组织所颁布地“世界遗产”标识。他是留园于1997年12月被批准作为苏州古典园林这一世界文化遗产地典型例证后，于1998年立地。

【长廊中部蟹眼天井处】

这两方小小地露天空间，苏州人称之为天井。由于他们面积太小，所以人们称之为“蟹眼天井”。这两方蟹眼天井在这里主要是为了采光而设计地。为了避免造景上地单调，在其下方各置一棕竹盆栽，以次丰富了此处地景观内容。

【“长留天地间”南院】

来到这里，请大家看这个长方形地小院。由于庭院面积有限，不能大范围地造景，所以造园者就充分利用南面这堵高高地粉墙，来为游人设计了一幅立体地“国画”。这里布置了湖石，种上了金桂和玉兰。除了寓意“金玉满堂”外，正是一幅以粉墙为纸，花石为绘地立体国画地画境。

【“长留天地间”东侧大空窗旁】

各位请看这扇窗。这是一扇没有任何图案设计地单纯地长方形漏窗，这种特殊地漏窗也叫空窗。此处如果没有这扇空窗地话，那么这里地采光就不足，就会显得昏暗。所以说，这扇空窗设计地主要目地是为了采光。和前面讲过地蟹眼天井同样道理。园林建筑哪怕是一扇门一扇窗在建筑设计时，一定得考虑其造景功能。所以为了避免空窗地单调，就利用了植物盆栽来映衬它，使他在具有采光地同时，形成了一幅生动地立体地画面，此可谓一举两得。

再请大家看这门楣上地砖刻门额“长留天地间”这几个字。这是篆刻书法，是元代周伯琦(字伯温)所写地，寓意留园这一精美典雅地古典园林能永久地保留下去，但愿我们大家都能不辜负先人地期望，保护好我们地文化遗产。

来到这里，我们已经在不知不觉中走过了一条长长地走廊，这条长廊虽有数十米长，然而造园者巧妙地使廊、屋相接，并且在比较封闭地暗处设计了“蟹眼天井”来采光，用富于变化地建筑技巧使廊在空间上产生出了明与暗大与小地对比，另游人在不断变化地空间中，欣赏着各种布置独到地园林小品，在不知不觉中走完了这段长廊。另外，从园林审美方面来看，这段长廊相对于秀美地中部远景来说，大有一种“欲扬先抑”地审美效果。因此，这段长廊不仅被园林专家评定定为“留园三大名廊”之首，而且在整个苏州古典园林地廊形建筑中也有一处佳例。

【六扇花窗处】

穿过了“长留天地间”门洞，我们看到前面地粉墙上有六扇窗图案，因此漏窗也俗称“花窗”。在便于通风和采光地同时，可使窗外地景色，若隐若现地透过来，因此，花窗在园林建设中长作为透景，或者叫漏景之用。此处六扇花窗将中部景色半遮半掩地透了出来，使人隐约可见，从而激发起游人地游兴，催人急于进园去领略窗外那片胜景。同时，从花窗中透出地园景，随着游人脚步地移动而不断地发生变化，这就是古典园林欣赏中地所谓“移步换景”之妙。

各位请看这扇窗。这是一扇没有任何图案设计地单纯地长方形漏窗，这种特殊地漏窗也叫空窗。此处如果没有这扇空窗地话，那么这里地采光就不足，就会显得昏暗。所以说，这扇空窗设计地主要目地是为了采光。和前面讲过地蟹眼天井同样道理。园林建筑哪怕是一扇门一扇窗在建筑设计时，一定得考虑其造景功能。所以为了避免空窗地单调，就利用了植物盆栽来映衬它，使他在具有采光地同时，形成了一幅生动地立体地画面，此可谓一举两得。

再请大家看这门楣上地砖刻门额“长留天地间”这几个字。这是篆刻书法，是元代周伯琦(字伯温)所写地，寓意留园这一精美典雅地古典园林能永久地保留下去，但愿我们大家都能不辜负先人地期望，保护好我们地文化遗产。

来到这里，我们已经在不知不觉中走过了一条长长地走廊，这条长廊虽有数十米长，然而造园者巧妙地使廊、屋相接，并且在比较封闭地暗处设计了“蟹眼天井”来采光，用富于变化地建筑技巧使廊在空间上产生出了明与暗大与小地对比，另游人在不断变化地空间中，欣赏着各种布置独到地园林小品，在不知不觉中走完了这段长廊。另外，从园林审美方面来看，这段长廊相对于秀美地中部远景来说，大有一种“欲扬先抑”地审美效果。因此，这段长廊不仅被园林专家评定定为“留园三大名廊”之首，而且在整个苏州古典园林地廊形建筑中也有一处佳例。

井冈山革命博物馆坐落在当年井冈山军事根据地中心的茨坪，砖瓦结构、飞檐挑角，整个建筑既有秀丽典雅的南方特色，又具古香古色的民族风格。它建成于1959年，是我国第一个地方性革命博物馆，1962年朱德同志题写馆名。

井冈山革命博物馆是一个全面陈列和宣传井冈山革命根据地斗争历史的综合馆。馆内基本陈列共有七个展室，分为序厅、井冈山革命根据地的创立、井冈山革命根据地的发展、井冈山革命根据地的恢复、坚持井冈山的斗争和弘扬井冈山精神等部分。

在这里，可以通过大量的历史文物和翔实的历史资料了解到那段艰苦卓绝的井冈山斗争历史：1920xx年10月，毛泽东率领湘赣边界秋收起义部队到达井冈山，在中国革命重心从城市转向农村的道路上迈出了成功的第一步;随后朱德、陈毅和彭德怀等人先后率领队伍来到井冈山，与毛泽东的部队胜利会师，创建了中国第一个农村革命根据地，粉碎了国民党反动派对井冈山根据地的军事“会剿”和经济封锁，取得了井冈山斗争的胜利。

在井冈山，以毛泽东为代表的共产党人把马列主义的普遍真理同中国革命的具体实践相结合，开辟了一条以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的中国式的革命道路。井冈山的斗争奠定了中国革命胜利的基础，它不朽的功绩也永远彪炳于中国革命的史册。

如今，井冈山革命博物馆已成为人们进行爱国主义和革命传统教育的生动课堂，在社会主义精神文明建设中发挥着重要作用。

Qinghai lake, the ancient called "west sea", also called "fresh water" or "fresh sea". The Tibetan language is called "wen bo", meaning "blue lake"; Noel of Mongolian call it "silo", namely "blue ocean". Earlier due to the qinghai lake area belongs to low grain races pasture, so also called the "sea of British hetian qiang," han dynasty has called it a "sea". From northern wei dynasty then changed its name to "qinghai". Qinghai lake is Chinas largest inland lake, is also Chinas largest salt water lake, an area of 4456 square kilometers, more than 360 kilometers around the circumference, more than twice of the famous lake tai. Lake something long and narrow north-south, slightly oval. At first glance, like a mast of poplar leaves. Qinghai lake, on average, about 19 meters deep, maximum depth of 28 meters, storage capacity of 105 billion cubic meters, the lake is 3260 meters above sea level, more than two dongyue Mount tai is higher. Due to the terrain, the climate here is very cool. Even the heat of summer, the average temperature also only 15 ℃ in the left, is an ideal summer resort of the summer.

Qinghai lake is Tibetan culture area, not only has the common features of Tibetan cultural district, with Tibetan culture area consists of folk customs, culture origin, at the same time also has its own unique characteristics of water culture, including the sea, lake has a long history of culture, as well as the kunlun culture and west culture is also to a certain extent, affects the cultural development of qinghai lake area, constitute the qinghai lake unique cultural atmosphere. These characteristic culture in national festival activities, to the Tibetan Peoples Daily life have been good retention and reflect.

Lake qinghai lake area of natural landscape are: mountain, qinghai lake, bird island, sea heart sand island, three stone, silurian sword; Lakeside landscape savanes mainly Riyue mountain, daotang river, small bayhood, cloth ha river, deal, hot springs, wrong, Xia Geer mountain, a lake and listen to the springs and gold silver beach grassland etc.

Lake qinghai humanities landscape are: qinghai lake is the southern silk road and Tang Fan ancient path, is the ancient regime of ethnic minority areas, whether in ancient traffic, or in the national culture in history have left patches. Old and full of mysterious religious temples, many historical sites and historical legends. Mainly include: kunlun culture, nourished legend, riyue mountain princess wencheng to Tibet history stories and legends, triangle city ruins - west county, FuYu city ruins, tongues paintings, longyan, carved stone, the sea sea, white temple, Buddha temple, shatou turks temple and just after the temple, the panchen aobao, lahm zhe temple, incense wood valley, jianggar era of xian BaShi city and home of bo, etc, there are retired the first nuclear weapons development base in China.

"Sea monster" in the native herdsmen surrounding been around for hundreds of years. Early years of the qing emperor qianlong in the implement of the new survey of the xining specific records said: "live animal husbandry in qinghai Mongolia, see the sea with objects, cow body leopard first, white, black, red green, MAO step wave wave, rapid as surprised magpie, nearshore see people, namely into the water, dont know why the beasts". Is eye step "sea monster" nomads, cult, niang offering sea, laid the cattle and sheep dishes that look, so Neptune apparition of the spread of going, rounds.

In recent decades, the information on qinghai lake "sea monster" from time to time. Hiding now as in 1947, but a man named qi sixty-three minority lama temple to worship through qinghai lake in Tibet with the division, falling moment in the sun, a five times than the colourful cow senior monster emerged, andthe swam to the shore, like a dragon, the first round Angle, eyes shining. In the spring of 1949, hala straight groove township village of huzhu county Ma Sanwa han Chinese farmers, for life has forced out gold, rest when have dinner in qinghai lake, the lake on a piece of black thick slide on the floating "log", zhang yu long, it was later slowly sliding out long neck "log", which has the head of the snake, scales sharply under the sunlight sort luster, go to the middle, suddenly vanished. In 1982, when there is a motorized boats on the lake, the ships people see not far ahead, is shaped like a fishing boat moving play wave ups and downs, is preparing to close observation, has went into the water. In 1987, a travel agency in qinghai, a Mr On condition of anonymity, the afternoon to the lake, suddenly discovered that rippling lake emitted a ErSanTou monster, the size of the cow back beige, thought it was a big fish, suddenly flung back like the monster Ostrich slender neck, triangular head, seems to have water spraying. He suddenly realized that this could be a plesiosaur, snapped a black-and-white photograph, to shoot the monsters have been submerged in the water, before and after about 20 or 30 seconds.

There are dozens of people have witnessed the lake monster, it is a mystery, scientists remains to be further studied. About the legend of qinghai lake "sea monster", to the qinghai lake covered with a layer of thick mysterious color.

各位游客朋友们，你们好!我代表苏州欢乐旅行社对你们来到苏州表示热烈的欢迎。我是你们的导游小黄，你们也可以叫我黄导。今日我要带领你们游览苏州园林，那里是世界著名遗产，请你们注意，不要随地吐痰，制造垃圾，还有一点就是进去时必须脚步轻轻哟!希望今日你们能玩得开心!

我先简单介绍一下苏州园林和要去的园子：苏州古典园林建于16世纪至18世纪，房子都是精雕细琢而成的，你们待会儿去细细游览。

苏州园林素有“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”的美誉。据记载，苏州园林是文化意蕴深厚的“文人写意山水园”。说了这么多题外话，相信你们对苏州园林已经了解了一些吧!我们现在书归正传讲正题了。我们要去的园林是世界四大名园中的两个园子，知道是哪两个吗?嘻嘻!就是沧浪亭，建于宋朝，狮子林，建于元朝。听了这些，你们也不妨跟我去玩玩吧，走!我们出发。我们先去沧浪亭吧，去沧浪亭不会太远，一两分钟就到了。

好了，这就是沧浪亭，怎么样?不错吧!沧浪亭建于北宋时期(公元1041至1048年)，是苏舜钦所筑，可以说是苏州最最古老的园林。南宋初期曾为名将韩世忠住宅。沧浪亭造园艺术与众不同，不信你们看!前面有一泓绿包围着园子，下前面有一座桥，你们可以从桥内进入沧浪亭。各位请跟我一起进入沧浪亭。你们都进来了吗?好!你们向正前面远眺，有一座土山，隆然高耸。山上幽竹纤纤、古木森森，山顶上有个宝贝叫沧浪石。你们可以上山，看一看这个在山顶上奇特的宝贝。

游客朋友们，集合了!集合了!我们要去狮子林了，我来说一下狮子林，待会儿，你们可以去狮子林玩，还可以去宾馆休息，现在我来说说狮子林吧!

狮子林占地十五亩，东南多山，西北多水。狮子湖是水景观的主要景点，那里的石假山别有特色，相当的精美。狮子林的建筑以燕誉堂为主，堂后有一个精美的小方厅。像燕誉堂之类的建筑在狮子林几乎随处可见，有名的有立雪堂。现在各回各家吧!

你们再见了，以后请你们的亲朋好友来苏州古典园林，不过，可别忘了我——小邓哟!

拙政园，江南园林的代表，苏州园林中面积最大的古典山水园林，是苏州四大古名园之一，也是苏州园林中最大、最著名的一座，被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，堪称中国私家园林经典。始建于明朝正德年间今园辖地面积约八十三点五亩，开放面积约七十三亩，其中园林中部、西部及晚清张之万住宅(今苏州园林博物馆旧馆)为晚清建筑园林遗产，约三十八亩。中国四大名园之一，全国重点文物保护单位，国家5A级旅游景区，全国特殊旅游参观点，被誉为“中国园林之母”，一九九七年被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列为世界文化遗产。

拙政园占地面积520xx平方米，又分东园、中园、西园三部分。东园山池相间，点缀有秫香馆、兰雪堂等建筑。西部水面迂回，布局紧凑，依山傍水建以亭阁，其中主体建筑鸳鸯厅是当时园主人宴请宾客和听曲的场所，厅内陈设考究。中园是拙政园的精华部分，其总体布局以水池为中心，亭台楼榭皆临水而建，有的亭榭则直出水中，具有江 南水乡的特色。主体建筑远香堂位于水池南岸，隔池与主景东西两山岛相望，池水清澈广阔，遍植荷花，山岛上林荫匝地，水岸藤萝纷披，两山溪谷 间架有小桥 山岛上各建一亭，西为雪香云蔚亭，东为待霜亭，四季景色因时而异。远香堂之西的“倚玉轩”与其西面船舫形的“香洲”遥遥相对，两者与其北面的“荷风四面 亭”成三足鼎立之势，都可随势赏荷。

Good friends！ Now， we have reached the famous three gorges of the Yangtze river， which lies between chongqing and hubei in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river， which is the general name of qutang gorge， wuxia and xiling gorge. And the scenery here.

The three gorges dam is 200 kilometers long， and you can see that there are continuous mountains on both sides. There is no gap in the mountain， such as a green dragon. The mountains rise above the clouds， blocking the sun and locking the sky into a band. If it hadnt been for noon， not even the sun would have seen it！

The three gorges is a "multi—scene" place. Throughout the year， the place has a unique beauty that you can appreciate. In the summer， the water is huge， the current is turbulent， it is a kind of unrestrained beauty. But for safety reasons， be careful. Autumn， it is a kind of sad beauty， every morning with frost， there is the ape that the cry cry， really is a tear—jerker.

If you are a person who enjoys the beauty of beauty， it is time！ On spring day like today， it shows the beauty of the three gorges. Here is like the snow of the rapids and the green deep pool， the roundabout the reflection of the shadow of the world， the visitors can look down in order to see， there is the reflection of the sun！ On the peaks on either side of you there are many strange cypresses， very interesting. Now， we have a waterfall in front of us. The water is flowing through the water， it is the aesthetic feeling that spring in elegant. All right， as the boat moves forward， we will enjoy the beautiful scenery of the water qingshu and the mountain high grass.

Happy times always go so fast that our trip is over. May the journey of the three gorges project leave a wonderful memory in your heart. Goodbye！

由勤民楼向北，穿过空中走廊，我们来到怀远楼的二楼。怀远楼，建成于1934年秋，占地面积1483平方米。怀远，意为安抚远方的人。该楼主要用于溥仪祭祀列祖列宗，此外，为溥仪服务的宫中部分机构也在此办公。

怀远楼二楼的南部为溥仪供奉列祖列宗的奉先殿，溥仪依据《尚书·太甲》中的“奉先思孝，接下思恭”这句话为此殿命名。它设立于1934年，主殿坐北朝南，供奉列帝列后的画像、牌位;东西各有一偏殿，分别供奉王爹爹、王妈妈的偶像及四太妃和两位福晋(溥仪的祖母、亲生母亲)的牌位。每逢重要节日或各位皇帝、皇后的诞辰，溥仪都要亲临祭拜或派最亲近信赖的人恭代行礼。清室之所以供奉王爹爹、王妈妈，是因为清朝的祖先亩努尔哈赤在明末的一次逃亡中，多亏有一对王姓夫妇搭救才幸免于难。其后世子孙为了不忘其救命之恩，便在供奉祖先的地方，同时供奉他们二位，并尊称为王爹爹、王妈妈。二楼的东部设有溥仪赐宴的中型宴会场所——卿宴堂。除举行宴会外，伪满举办的一些博览会、展览会的艺术精品，都要送到这里供溥仪观赏。此外，二楼的北部还设有替皇帝掌管御玺、国玺的机构——尚书府。它是伪满洲国皇帝直属的五大辅弼机构之一，伪满颁布的数以千计的法令都是在这儿加盖国玺、御玺生效的。尚书府大臣表面上是尚书府的负责人，但实际上所有的大权都控制在以日本人为秘书官长的手中。高木三郎、武宫雄彦在伪满十四年中先后任秘书官长。

此外，怀远楼一楼还设有宫内府下属部分办事机构：掌管帝室会计审查事务的帝室会计审查局;负责溥仪日常生活及坛庙、陵寝事务的近侍处及主管祭祀、典礼、乐队、接待外宾等事务的掌礼处。另外还设有与宫内府、尚书府同级的侍从武官处，溥仪疑心大、胆子小，非常注重侍从武官的人选。尤其是侍从武官长，必须由陆军上将或中将，并且是溥仪最亲近的人充任。其级别也最高，为特任官(伪满时期官员级别由高到底：特任、简任、荐任、委任)。伪满陆军上将张海鹏任侍从武官长一职时间最长，达七年之久。他不仅随同溥仪去沈阳东陵、北陵祭祀清祖，还曾两次陪护溥仪出访日本。每当有重大仪式活动以及外出巡幸时，侍从武官都要时刻跟随溥仪左右，以保证他的安全。怀远楼，这座本应专门供奉溥仪列祖列宗的建筑，却因种.种原因，也被宫内的几个办事机构同时占用着。如果按照清朝的祖制，这可以说是对其先祖的大不敬吧。但由于日本人为他安排的宫廷狭小拥挤，溥仪本人也毫无办法。由此可见，傀儡皇帝的日子并不好过。

停放与怀远楼东南的这两辆轿车，是溥仪的御用车。其中的这辆黑色轿车，为溥仪的私家用车。它是由美国派克汽车公司于20世纪20年代制造的当时世界上最时尚的180型豪华轿车。因派克汽车公司早于1956年就彻底倒闭，这辆车也因而成为派克汽车的绝版。轿车长5.7米，宽1.8米，高1.7米，具有乘坐宽敞、马力强劲、平稳高速等特点。溥仪就任伪满执政后，曾经乘坐此车并携带皇后婉容和二妹、三妹等到新京大同公园游玩。日本人发现后，马上派宪兵和警察以不利安全为由强行追回，刚到公园的溥仪只好随即返回从此再也没有私自外出过。看来，溥仪毫无人身自由，是一个地地道道的傀儡!解放后，这辆车被东北局接受，东北局书记、辽宁省省长都曾用过此车。1959年，此车归辽宁省抚顺大伙房水库管理局所有，曾多次维修，80年代末报停。1992年，我院将此车收藏，并于20__年将其修复、展出。这辆饱经沧桑的派克车终于重返故居，向游人诉说着那段令国人难忘的历史。

西安碑林博物馆导游词【精选】

西安碑林博物馆(Forest of Stone Steles Museum)是陕西创建最早的博物馆，它以收藏、陈列和研究历代碑刻、墓志及石刻为主，成为在中国独树一帜的艺术博物馆。现有馆藏文物11000余件，其中国宝级文物19个号134件，一级文物535件。著名的“昭陵六骏”就有四骏藏于本馆。陈列由碑林、石刻艺术和其它文物展览三部分组成，共12个展室。现有7座碑室、8座碑廊、8座碑亭，加上石刻艺术室和4座文物陈列，陈列面积达到4900平米。以下是小编为大家收集的关于西安碑林博物馆导游词范文，仅供参考!

西安碑林博物馆导游词

西安碑林博物馆导游词女士们，先生们大家好!

现在我们就来到了碑林。顾名思义，它的意思就是“碑石丛立如林”，这座博物馆始建于公元1087年，距今已有900余年的历史了。它是收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数量最多的一座艺术宝库。所以，人们又将其称为“石质书库”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。唐代恩所称的石经包括：唐天宝四年，也就是公元的745年，由唐玄宗书写的《石台孝经》;以及唐开成二年，也就是公元的837年刻成的《开成石经》。这些石经原来都立在唐长安城务本坊的国子监太学内。唐朝末年，朱温挟持唐昭宗迁都洛阳，驻守长安的佑国军节度使韩建将长安城进行了缩小，致使石经弃于郊外。在许多人的建议下，韩建和后来的刘郇陆续将这些碑石移到了城内的文宣王庙内，也就是今天的西大街社会路一带。由于那里地势低洼，所以对保存经石不利。于是，公元1087年，在北宋漕运大使吕大忠的组织下，又将那里的碑石移到了今天的位置。这便形成了最早的西安碑林。

“碑林”一名始于清代。它收藏了从汉到清的各代碑石3000余件，分布在七个陈列室，八个碑厅和六座碑廊之中。这些碑石主要可以分为“碑林”和“石刻艺术室”两大部分。博物馆占地面积31900平方米，陈列面积3000平方米。碑林博物馆是典型的中国传统庙宇式建筑群。它的前半部分是由原先拜谒孔子的孔庙改建而成，至今仍处处可见孔庙的痕迹。孔子是中国儒家的创始者，历来被封建统治者所推崇。汉武帝就曾提倡“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”。不知大家有没有注意到：按照中国历来的建筑制式，门都是朝南开的。而碑林的门却是东西向的。这是怎么回事呢?这是因为碑林为孔庙旧址，按照中国古代的制度，孔庙的门都开在东西两侧，以示对孔子的尊敬。西门称为“礼门”东门称为“义路”。南面的门则封闭起来，叫做“塞门”。大家现在看到的这个高大的牌坊叫做“太和元气坊”。它是明代的建筑，是由华山西岳庙移过来的，采用的是四柱三檐。上面的这些彩画是和玺彩画。中国古代制度森严，彩画也是有等级的。最高的是和玺彩画，另外还有旋子彩画和苏式彩画。

大家眼前看到的这两个半圆形的水池，它是孔庙特有的建筑。按照古代制度，国家级孔庙内的水池为圆形，叫“辟雍”;地方级孔庙内的水池为半圆形，叫做“泮池”。“泮”是三滴水加个一半的半。汉字讲究象形，“泮”就是半个水池。孔子提倡学无止境，学问永远没有满的时候，就像这水池，永远也不可能成为满圆形的。在古代，只有考中秀才的人才可以走上泮池中间的小桥，当一回秀才。

在泮池北边的这个石牌坊也是孔庙特有的建筑，称为“棂星门”。传说“棂星”是二十八星宿中主管取土的神。当年，进出棂星门有严格规定：祭孔大典时，只有主祭的最高官员才能由中门出入;一般官员由西门出入;其他人员由东门出入。所以就有了成语“旁门左道”。现在我们已经进入了棂星门内。中国古代的建筑都是讲究中轴对称的。那么，碑林也不例外。碑林的各个陈列室以棂星门的中门为中轴线，自南向北对称排列。两边的房间为临时陈列室。大家请注意看，中央道路两旁有许多的石柱，它是我国古代民间石刻的瑰宝—渭北栓马桩。这些栓马桩高2米左右，上面刻有各种纹饰，造型丰富。马是古代重要的交通和作战工具。在一望无垠的渭北高原上，出于交通与军事的需要，在驿站旁边设立了大批的栓马桩。它除了可以栓系、震慑牲畜这个目的外，还具有震邪、吉祥和装饰的意义。在解放前，渭北地区的官宦或富豪人家的院门外两侧大都栽有成排的栓马桩。

现在请大家看远出处的这个巨大的匾额，上面书写着“碑林”二字。你仔细观察就会发现，这个“碑”字少了一撇。那么为什么会少一撇呢?难道这是一个错别字吗?显然这是不可能的。这两个字出自清代著名的爱国将领林则徐之手。战争之后，他革职戍守新疆伊犁。当时路经西安，写下了这两个字。有人说“碑”字少了一撇，正好象征他当时丢了乌纱帽。其实，并不是这样的。你待会儿就会发现，碑林中的所有“碑”字都少了一撇。这是因为古代的汉字讲究对称，“碑”字少了一撇，只是为了看起来对称美观罢了。

现在请大家看这通高大威严的石碑，这便是久负盛名的《石台孝经》。它是碑林中最大的石碑。《孝经》是儒家经典之一，是由孔子的学生曾参编纂的。全书共分18章，主要讲述封建社会基本伦理道德之一的孝道。并且把孝敬父母和忠于君王联系起来，提倡“事君如事父”，以宗法血缘关系维护封建统治，因而得到历代封建统治阶级的特殊重视。认为“孝”是一切道德的根本，把“以孝治天下”视为基本统治策略。《石台孝经》的前半部分是唐玄宗李隆基用隶书为孝经作的序，目的是为了表示自己要以孝来治理天下。后半部分是孝经的原文。那些小字是李隆基为孝经作的注释。在当时，此碑立在国子监太学内，因此被称为“御碑”。又因为此碑建在三层石台之上，所以叫做《石台孝经》。这块碑石高近6米，碑座、碑身、碑首由35块巨石组成。碑顶雕有卷云蜷龙，似乎就要凌空而去。碑身由四块巨石组成，是整个碑林中碑身最大的一块石碑。碑座底下有三层石台，形制特殊。“风流天子”唐玄宗也擅长书法，这块碑刻书法工整，字迹清晰，华美飘逸，在唐代隶书中堪称佼佼者。这块碑林中的超级巨碑因为太大，只好向下延伸，在碑亭中形成一个方坑，向上则快到亭顶，显得顶天立地，气度不凡，因此被称为“迎客第一碑”。

现在请各位随我进入碑林的第一陈列室。这里展出由艾由晦、陈等楷书的《开成石经》。“开成”是因为它刻于唐文宗开成二年，也就是公元837年。“经”，是指中国古代儒家的经典著作。《开成石经》包括12部著作，除《孝经》外，《周易》通过八卦形式推测自然和社会变化，是先秦思想史的重要资料;《诗经》是编成于春秋时代的中国最早诗歌总集;《周礼》、《仪礼》和《礼记》是先秦典章制度与社会礼俗的汇集;《春秋左传》、《公羊传》、《谷梁传》分别从史料和儒家义理角度阐释我国最早的编年史《春秋》;《论语》是技记述孔子言行的专集;《尔雅》是我国最早解释词义的专著。这些都是封建社会文人学士的必读之书。因为当时雕版印刷还不普遍，为避免传抄错误，唐文宗下令把它们刻在石碑上，立于国家最高学府国子监太学内，供人们校对。《开成石经》由114块碑石双面组成，共计228面，650152字。清代又补刻了《孟子》一书9石，合称十三经。中国历史上曾经组织过7次经籍石刻，只有这一部保存得最完整。加上时代又早，史料价值极高，人们赞叹它是“世界上最厚最重的书籍“。

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.