苏州博物馆英文导游词合集20篇

英文的导游词范文

英文导游词范文——陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

the great mosque at huajue lane

the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 moslems in xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.

islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century a.d. and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.

however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.

among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in xi’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.

the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.

according to “the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, “may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, “royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called xiao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called “water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the pavilion of phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.

the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, except a few places in xinjiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.

the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

英文导游词范文——陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum

emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had annexed the six rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.

in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.

after he had annexed the other six states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.

emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.”

emperor qin shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been excavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.

no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of xiyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.

no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.

no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of hexi corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.

no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by xiang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.

the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.

thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were exquisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.

in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.

the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.

no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.

荆州博物馆是一座地方综合性博物馆，占地4.8万平方米。该馆以其优美的环境、丰富的馆藏文物和独具地域特色的文物珍品陈列，以及考古研究的丰硕成果而享誉海内外。1994年经国家文物局专家评选，该馆荣获全国地市级“十佳博物馆之首”的美誉。

荆州博物馆配合各项工程建设，发掘出土珍贵文物12万余件。其中，有史前巧夺天工的各种玉饰;有绝无仅有、质数堪称国内之最的战国丝绸;有寒光闪烁、成色如新的四代越王剑、吴王夫差矛;有色彩斑斓、工艺精湛的战国秦汉漆器;有目前所知我国也是世界上最早的数学专著《算数书》和萧和“二年造律”的《二年律令》等汉初简牍;有迄今为止保存年代最久远、最为完好的西汉男尸。这些稀世珍宝吸引着众多的中外游客，荆州博物馆也因此而成为荆州市旅游观光的“第一窗户”。

荆州博物馆现陈列展出的数千件文物，是该馆馆藏文物的精华，可谓宝中之宝。文物陈列分前院、后院两大展区。前院展区的陈列楼为基本陈列，即按历史发展顺序选择有代表性的文物，展示了荆州地区从新旧石器时代到秦、汉期间的文明发展史。共设两个专题展览：《江汉平原原始文化展》和《江汉平原楚汉文化展》，后者被评选为1999年全国十大文物精品展。陈列大楼还专门劈出展室，长年举办有影响、有特色的文物专题陈列，适时地奉献给观众。现设有《传世文物展》、《楚汉简牍展》和《天星观二号墓出土文物展》。后院展区的珍品馆，内设3个专题展。《荆州凤凰山168号汉墓》专题陈列，展出的是该馆1975年在楚故都纪南城内出土的一具西汉男尸及其棺椁、随葬物品。据墓中出土文字记载，死者名“遂”，江陵人氏，官居“五大夫”，下葬于汉文帝十三年(公元前167年)，早于长沙马王堆汉墓女尸。

该男尸在地下埋葬20xx多年而不腐，世所罕见。其主要原因在于深埋、密封，墓室长期处于缺氧和恒温的稳定环境中，内棺10万毫升含硫化汞等成分的棺液，具有抑、杀菌作用。装殓男尸的一椁二棺亦保存完好，大型椁室及二套棺表明了主人的高贵身份。陈列展出的数百件随葬物品中，有称为“天下第一”的两件式样别致、保存年代最久至今仍完整无损的物品：麻裙和麻鞋，异常珍贵。

6.湖北荆州市概况

It is a famous mountain in the suburb of Taipei. It is like a horizontalstatue of Avalokitesvara. It stands solemnly in the Bali area on the South Bankof the Tanshui River, facing the Tanshui town and the Datun Volcano Group on thenorth bank. It is a famous landmark of the Tanshui estuary.

Guanyin Mountain is not high above sea level, but it is connected with 18small peaks. The highest mountain, qianhanling, is no more than 612 meters. Themountain trails are dense, making it one of the most popular climbing places inthe western suburbs of Taipei. There are many famous temples and ancient templeson the mountain. You can go back to the stream to watch the waterfalls, theeagles and the birds, half of Taipei and the magnificent Datun mountains. It isa rich natural place to watch.

The paths and valleys of Guanyin Mountain extend in all directions. Thereare many different climbing routes. Climbers can choose the path suitable fortheir physical strength. Among them, the most popular route is to start from theGuanyin Mountain stop of Wugu, climb up the mountain steps to Lingyun temple,and then go up from the archway behind the temple. It takes about one hour toreach qianghanling. You can see the whole Taipei City from the north of Xinguangbuilding. On the other side, you can see the mountains and sea of Tatun mountainand Tanshui River mouth.

In the white sky, Guanyin Mountain can feel the simplicity and solemnity ofLengyan Pavilion and kaishanyuan through the old trees on the gate wall, andoverlook the "benling spitting fog" which is one of the eight scenic spots ofDanshui. In the evening, it is most exciting to watch the sunset and the dusk ofDanshui. Or, when the night falls, you can see the night scene of Danshui River,with lights flashing and lights out, which is another beauty of disturbing theworld.

各位观众，你们好!欢迎来到遥远而神秘的恐龙世界!我是小小科普讲解员袁靖怡，今天由我来为大家讲解。

你们喜欢恐龙吗?你们愿意和恐龙成为好朋友吗?我也和你们一样，非常喜欢恐龙。

你们看，在我们周围就有好多好多恐龙，不是吗?它们有的有三层楼那么高，有的却和我差不多高，有的恐龙非常和善，而有的却特别凶残!这些神秘的恐龙现在已经全部灭绝。今天，我们只能在这个展厅里，看到它们神奇的骨架了。下面就让我们一个一个的来认识它们吧!

请大家跟我往这边来。

现在大家看到的就是这个展厅里岁数最大的禄丰龙，他生活在两亿年前的侏罗纪。禄丰龙身长6米，是一种杂食性恐龙。禄丰龙是我国著名科学家，自然博物馆的第一任馆长，已故的杨钟健教授，1938年在抗日战争的烽火中发现的。它也是我们中国人自己发现、挖掘、整理、装架的第一只恐龙，因此有重要的意义。化石发现于云南省禄丰龙，杨钟健为了纪念他的导师、德国著名恐龙专家许耐，把这只恐龙命名为许氏禄丰龙。

请大家跟我住这边来。

你们看，在这个宽广的大厅里，有一条个头最大的恐龙，你们知道它叫什么名字吗?它叫：马门溪龙。它是在我国四川井盐县被发现的，所以又叫井盐马门溪龙。马门溪龙是中国最著名的恐龙，它生活在1亿4千万年前，身体有26米长，还长着一个10多米长的大脖子。它活着的时候大约有60吨重!

什么什么?60吨是多重?我告诉你们吧，就是把20头大象的体重加在一起那么重!很惊人吧!别看它们长着大个子，却只吃植物，所以小朋友们不用害怕。马门溪龙是群居生活的恐龙，你们想想看十几二十只这么巨大的马门溪龙生活在一起，是多么壮丽的景象呀!

请大家跟我往这边，来了解一下恐龙的灭绝。

恐龙曾经是地球上生活最成功的物种之一，它们统治地球长达1.6亿年，但是在6500万年前所有的恐龙就全部灭绝了，恐龙究竟是怎样灭绝的呢?

大家说的都有道理。

其实，关于恐龙的灭绝有很多假说，至今还是一个谜。现在最流行的是小行星撞击说，据说在6500万年前，有一颗小行星突然与地球相撞，形成大爆炸，导致地球环境改变，使恐龙全部灭绝。

不管怎样，恐龙的灭绝肯定与环境变化有关系。所以，大家要从我做起保护地球的环境。

好了，我的讲解就到这里，谢谢的大家的参观。

各位游客：大家好!欢迎大家来到江南水乡城市——无锡!

小徐今天带大家走的是一条比较特殊的水上线路——古运河!希望大家注意安全，千万不要落入水中，否则，我们中午就多了一道菜----“落汤鸡”哦：)

无锡古运河隶属于京杭大运河江南段，其由无锡西北面五牧流入，穿城而过，至望亭流出无锡境，全长 40.8公里。由于古代水运为主要运输方式，这里舟楫如梭，故而被称为“黄金水道”，它也是无锡最主要的一条河道。

讲到这里就不得不把京杭大运河来介绍一下了：中国有四条龙，长江、黄河、长城和京杭大运河。前两者是大自然赋予的，后两者是人工创造的奇迹。京杭大运河是全世界人工运河中最长的，其全长1794公里，北起北京通县，南至杭州，穿越了北京、天津、河北、山东、江苏、浙江六省市。其中，据说开挖得最早的一段就是泊渎河，是3220xx年前吴泰伯带领当地人开挖的。2520xx年前，吴王夫差为了伐齐又开挖了邗沟，1420xx年前，隋炀帝开凿了江南运河，公元1292年，元世祖完成了京杭大运河的全线贯通，至此，其成为了我国古代运输的一条生命线。

而无锡段运河是至今为止保留最完好的一段。现今南禅寺一带近1公里的水弄堂曾让许多艺术家和考古学家都发出了由衷的赞叹。因为其他地方的古运河基本已经没有水上的历史景物了，唯独这里还保留了小桥、流水、人家和许多历史古迹!

好了，现在我们的船来到了一片宽阔的水面，这里三河交汇，原本就是一个湖，叫做“芙蓉湖”，又叫“无锡湖”，古代此湖有15300顷，也就是现在太湖的三分之一左右，处在无锡、江阴、武进三县境。后随着人类的围垦和自然的淤塞，此湖面积越来越小，到清末就只是一个小湖了，但这里还是留下了许多古迹，包括前面的黄埠墩和蓉湖庄。

水面上高高架着一座大桥，叫做“吴桥”，这里原来没有大桥，明清时期这里是水上运输中心，旁边就是渡口，因众人争渡，经常有人落水，于是有位富商，叫吴梓敬的，出了27000两白银，仿上海的外白渡桥而建造了一座铜铁大桥，人们为了纪念他，就把此桥命名“吴桥”。吴梓敬，安徽人，清同治、宣统年间在无锡、上海都开有丝厂，所以他每年都要来无锡，后病逝于上海，但是他对无锡的贡献是功不可没的，此桥一直到1965年改建时，才拆除了铁梁，称“解放桥”，但1982年又恢复了原名，现桥是1993年改建的，还获得了建设部是“鲁班奖”。其实这附近除了吴桥，还有三里桥和莲蓉桥，名字有三个，桥却有四个哦!因为三里桥有两座啊!

大家旁边的这个四面环水的孤岛，便是相传战国时期楚国春申君黄歇治理芙蓉湖时留下的遗址----黄埠墩。无锡人把古运河比做一条龙，这里就是龙头，据说它原来还会随着水涨而抬高、水落而降低呢!其又名小金山，面积仅220平方米，但历史上却有两位皇帝、三个宰相、一个青天来过此地。战国时期春申君封于江东，在在此治理芙蓉湖，兴修水利，而黄埠墩也正是以他的名字命名的。另一位是无锡宰相李绅，著名的《悯农》时就是他创作的，诗中的“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”至今都为众人吟赞。

还有一位就是南宋的丞相文天祥，当年他被派去元军营中谈判，被主和派出卖，遭元军拘留，押送文天祥回大都时路经无锡，就把他关押在此墩之上，两岸的老百姓跪泪哭送，文天祥也作了《过无锡》诗一首;一位青天就是明代的海瑞，他在黄埠墩上还写下了“玩山临水第一楼”的匾额。两位皇帝就是六下江南的康熙和乾隆了。乾隆还在颐和园的南湖中仿造了一个“凤凰墩”，可惜现在已经没有了，他还写下了“两水回环抱一洲，不通车马只通舟”的诗句。因为它的神奇，所以无锡人把它认为是无锡的“天关”所在。

这里就是著名的三里桥米市，叫三里桥，其实有两座桥，一座在吴桥下面的新三里桥，一座是左手边的老三里桥，所以三名四桥。据说从老三里桥到老北门正好三里故名之。无锡为鱼米之乡，水运便捷，与湖南长沙、安徽芜湖、江西九江并称“中国四大米市”，而无锡居其首。原先无锡米市分八段，三里桥米市是当中最热闹最繁忙的，但是现在已经逐步被新村所代替了，当年众多的粮船，热闹的粮行也已经不复存在了，但三里桥米市却是无锡历史上不可抹灭的一笔。当年这旁边还有幢漂亮的“芙蓉楼”，它不但是品茶和吃早点的场所，也是粮行、客商们谈生意的地方，可以说是当年的“粮食交易中心”。

前面这座高大的桥下面有个大岛，无锡人叫“江尖渚”，古运河到这里就分为两流：一流向东，一流向南，与梁溪河交汇。梁溪也是无锡的别称，因东汉名士梁鸿与其妻孟光曾隐居在无锡铁山而得名。这江尖渚上原堆放了许多坛坛罐罐和大缸，堆得又高又尖，故名“缸尖”，无锡话“江”和“缸”同音。这里的陶器铺特多，而进入江尖要么摆渡，要么穿街过巷，故而有“江尖渚上团团转”的说法。古代每逢七月三十，这里的人们就会在水中放上塔灯，以纪念元末起义领袖之一吴王张士诚。但现在已经没有这个习俗了，岛上也改建成一个免费的公园了。

过江尖渚不远就到了无锡的西门了。运河上的这座桥叫“人民桥”。一听就很有革命性，但据说这是无锡有史料记载的最早的桥。桥下原有条古街，前面是街道，后面是河道，街面上都用遮阳挡雨的凉棚连接着，故名“棚下街”。这里原本是无锡的粮仓所在哦，不过现在已经是漂亮的五爱家园小区了。

不远处还有条街，叫“日晖巷”，其实原来叫“石灰巷”，因巷内都堆放着石灰而名，但名字不雅，才用谐音改做“日晖巷”。这里原先也是店铺林立，非常热闹的。

前面又出现了一个小岛，叫“西水墩”。这里是无锡的“地轴”，和“天关”黄埠墩相互呼应。原先是明代五部尚书秦金的别墅所在，所以又叫“太保墩”。后来明代无锡知县刘五纬为民办好事、洗冤案、兴水利，并且为了治理水患而倾家荡产，却遭受不白之冤，无锡人为了感谢他，而在此建庙祭祀，封他为“西水仙”，所以叫“西水墩”。现在已经改造成江心公园和展览馆了。上面还有个戏台，分内外两面，外面演戏是给渔民老百姓看的，里面是演给“水仙老爷”看的。

此墩旁有一廊桥与一边的茂新面粉厂相连。所以我们无锡早就有廊桥了。旁边的茂新面粉厂是民族工商业先驱荣德生等人于1920xx年创办的，原名叫“保兴面粉厂”。这里生产的兵船牌面粉曾享誉全国。我祖父也曾是这个厂的工人。这里是中国民族工商业的发源地的一个缩影。虽然这里已经停产，但是已经建成了我市的民族工商业博物馆，记载了我国民族工商业的发展，非常值得一看。

河的对面是薛福成故居。薛福成是我国清末出使欧洲四国的大使，同时他也是民族工商业发展的奠基人之一，他的儿子薛南溟就是无锡第一届商会会长。他的家占地很大，在无锡有“薛半城”之说。现在无锡市政府已经修复了这个故居。

现在我们穿过了大成门，来到了又一个圣洁的天地。这座院落叫崇圣祠，它与前面的大成殿错落有序，颇具匠心，布局是相当合理、巧妙的。资中的文庙的面积很小，但是他的结构确实十分的紧凑，我们可以看到左右两边的钟鼓楼也都完好的保存下来了!两座楼也是对称而建的，用一句成语就叫做晨钟暮鼓。

好了，游客们，我们现在处于的位置是西庑，在正对面同样与它也是对称而建的是东庑。西庑和东庑在古时候又叫做“厢房”。它们在文庙里的主要作用是用来陈列孔子和72贤人(也就是他的72位弟子)牌位的地方。但由于我们的文庙博物馆也在文庙内，所以这里变成了我们陈列我们文庙内珍贵文物的地方。那么我们首先来欣赏这块石碑，这就是历史上著名宋代书法家黄庭坚书写的《幽兰赋》。这组碑刻一共七块，每块长2米，宽1.2米，是质坚粒细的巫峡石刻制的。话说在清朝的咸丰年间，资中人李福州靠一手熬糖的好手艺，成了当地八大首富之一，就在县城外牛寨溪修起了“李家花园”。李福州读书不多，却天资聪慧，发财后不惜重金购买名人字画装点花园，有一次他在宜宾做生意的时候，发现了黄庭坚的这幅字，他非常的喜欢，并派人专程从巫峡开采到了上好的巫峡石，又花重金请了一位成都的匠高手，在自己的家里面把黄庭坚的这幅《幽兰赋》给刻了下来并用他来装饰自己的书房。不过十分可惜的是，待到这位商人死去了之后，后辈式微，字画散尽。而这7块石碑每个就重达1吨多，无人搬动。新中国成立之初，土改时一个不识字的农民分到了这堆石头，将它们砌成灶房外墙和猪圈。建房时嫌有字的一面不光滑碍事，就将无字的背面放在外面当猪圈墙，有字的一面是自家灶房糊上了泥巴。谁知这样就完好地保护了石碑，还使它“失踪”了20多年。直到1974年，当时我们文庙的老馆长杨祖垲老先生才意外的发现了这块珍贵的石碑，经过细心的清理、保管之后，这才让此碑重见天日，也让大家一饱眼福!

这块碑我们又把它称为“三绝碑”，为什么这么说呢?因为它在文、书法、雕刻这三方面都是可以堪称“三绝”的石刻。首先是它的文章此文是唐代的韩伯庸所作，大家请看：“阳和布气兮，动植齐光;惟彼幽兰兮，偏含国香。吐秀乔林之下，盘根众草之旁。虽无人而见赏，且得地而含芳”。意在说吸收了天地精华，有国香之资的兰花却因出生不好“吐秀乔林之下，盘根众草之旁”而无人知晓只能孤芳自赏。然后文章说了三个故事来赞美兰花，第一个便是“横琴写操，夫子传之而至今”。这里的夫子便是孔子，说孔子发现的兰花之后很是喜欢，便弹琴给兰花听，以此来赞美兰花的高洁。第二个便是“燕姞梦兰”的故事，说燕姞只是一个地位低贱的女子，一日梦见他的祖先给她一棵兰花，告诉她这兰花将来会是你的儿子，你现在收下她之后，别人就会像爱兰花一般的来爱你，而后当时的国君郑文公爱上了这位叫燕姞的女子，并以兰花作为定情之物娶了她，果然婚后为郑文公生下一子，取名为兰，也就是后来的郑穆公。第三个讲的便是屈原也喜欢兰花，赞美兰花，我们可以看到，碑里提到的“骚人，楚客”指的就是我们伟大的诗人屈原。由此我们可以看出兰花的确是有国色之资，所以才有了后来的“寄愿移根于上苑”，即搬到了皇宫受大家的赏识。介绍完这篇文章之后，我们不难想到其实孔子的遭遇就像兰花一样，一开始周游列国，虽有经天纬地之才却不被赏识，而后才被人们认可，受到大家的尊敬。因此把这篇《幽兰赋》放在祭拜孔子的文庙里，也是十分适合的。我们再看他的雕刻，说它绝是因为这位工匠的刻工了得，他把黄庭坚每个字的虚笔都刻得近乎完美，栩栩如生，十分难得。当然了，三绝”中最绝的还属黄庭坚书法，全文396个字，平均手掌大小，写得气韵横生，是50多岁的黄庭坚第一次被贬后奉召回京时书写的。他以一种前所未有的跌宕开阔、沉着刚劲的手法，来表现受冤平反后的心情及对兰花品格的向往。碑文中的字体奔放壮美，章法连绵，是黄书的代表作之一。

周庄地处苏州昆山市、吴江市、上海的青浦区三地交界处，四面环水，处于澄湖、白蚬湖、淀山湖、南湖怀抱之中。全镇36平方公里，人口约2万多人。周庄历史文化源远流长，春秋战国至汉代，吴王少子摇和汉越摇君分于此，称为摇城，又名贞丰里。至宋元祐元年，周迪功郎在此舍宅为寺，始称周庄，至今已有九百余年历史。

周庄凭借“镇为泽国，四面环水”“咫尺往来，皆须舟楫”的特有自然环境，避开了历代兵荒马乱，更滋养了典型的“小桥、流水、人家”的江南水乡风貌。悠久的历史，给周庄造就了诸多独具特色的人文景观，有耐人寻味的西晋文学家张翰，唐代诗人刘禹锡，陆龟蒙寓居钓游的南湖园，有“轿从门前进，船从家中过”的明代建筑张厅，江南民居之最“七进五门楼”的沈厅。在改革开放的春风中,周庄充分利用旖旎自然风光和丰富的历史人文景观，挖掘文化内涵，形成了荟萃传统文化的贞丰街，传承经典昆曲艺术的古戏台等。20xx年，更是成为首批国家5A级景区。

前面的这座古牌楼就是古镇区的一个大门。1991年时造的一个仿古牌楼，是古镇区和新区的分界线，里边是周庄的古镇区，占地面积很小，只有0.47平方公里，但古镇风貌保存的相当完好，60%以上为元明清建筑，外面是新区。牌楼上有四个字“贞丰泽国”，由原中央书法协会主席沈鹏所题。“贞丰”是周庄的原名，汉初到北宋时期这里叫“贞丰里”，古时五十户人家为一里。到了北宋元祐元年，也就是1086年，有一位姓周的人，他的官衔是“迪功郎”，是一个九品官，相当于现在的镇长地位。他做了一件好事，舍宅为寺。即把自己的200亩庄田捐了出来，为老百姓造了座寺庙，叫“全福寺”。 舍宅为寺，古代各地都有，但周庄人特别感恩。于是把“贞丰里”改名为周庄。所以“周庄”这个名字我们已经叫了九百多年了。泽国”是说这里是个水乡，它四面环水，有四个湖，整个周庄镇原先是一个岛屿，89年时才通车的，也就是说在89年之前老百姓想进出都是靠坐船摆渡的。

抱柱上的对联是“贞坚不贰攀日康庄有道路，丰衣足食向阳桃李自逢时”，这是由著名记者冯英子题写的。上下联首字位置上的“贞丰”二字，与牌楼上的横额“贞丰泽国”相对应。本联正是回溯了周庄悠久的历史，让人体味到了千百年来，周庄人民“贞坚不贰”地努力，终使“攀”于“耀日”的“康庄”有着四通八达的“道路”，呈现一片“丰衣足食”、“向阳桃李自逢时”的景象。

我们走过牌楼就进入古镇区了，大家请回头看一下，这背面也有四个字，“唐风孑遗”，意思是说在周庄还能看到一些古代传统的民俗文化以及古风遗韵。这是著名左笔书法家费新我老先生在晚年高龄时题写的，左下角还有他的落款，“新我左笔”四个字。抱柱的对联是：“万顷碧波水光潋滟晴方好，百尺临云塔影横斜景亦奇”，这是著名记者冯英子题写的。以苏东坡的诗《饮湖上初晴后雨二首》化成，原诗前两句为“水光潋滟晴方好，山色空蒙雨亦奇”。说周庄“万顷碧波”、“水光潋滟”可真是十分确切。全镇处在澄湖、白蚬湖、和南湖环抱之中，镇区内以“井”字形河道为骨架，因水成街，因河成镇。下联所描述的景物是纤丽俊俏的全福塔。

前面呢，有一座醒目的汉白玉照壁，它是为纪念古镇九百周年而建立的。它艺术地勾勒出了周庄小桥、流水、人家的缩影。抬头看去，拱桥驳岸，风火墙和蠡窗黛瓦，无不给人以浓重的历史感。吴冠中教授游览了周庄后说：“黄山集中国山川之美，周庄集中国水乡之美。

前面有一座古桥，叫太平桥，建于清代。这一条古街俗称一步街，因为它很窄，一步就可以跨过，街道两旁开店的店主不用走出店门，就可以互相握手或递东西表示友谊，所以又称友谊街。上面还有一线天，中间是过街楼，这种建筑在大城市是很少见的，在周庄却有许多。

(在双桥前停下来)现在，我们已经到了双桥，游览周庄双桥是不能不看的。大家看，这两座桥一横一竖，桥洞一方一圆，样子很像古时候人们使用的钥匙，所以当地人便称之为“钥匙桥”。这两座桥始建于明万历年间(1573——1620xx年)，距今已有四百多年的历史。

这座石拱桥叫世德桥，横跨南北市河，长16米，宽3米，跨度5.9米。这座石梁桥叫永安桥，平架在银子浜口，长13.3米，宽2.4米，跨度 3.5米。双桥最能体现周庄古镇的神韵，等一会大家可以在这里拍照留念。双桥为什么会这么出名呢?关于双桥有这样一则动人的故事，那是1984年春天，上海著名旅美画家陈逸飞乘坐小船来到周庄，由于时间短促，陈逸飞不能采取在画板上一一写生的办法，只能用摄影这种最便捷易行的方法记录周庄，而周庄小桥、流水、人家的景致深深的吸引了陈逸飞，他觉得自己仿佛回到了记忆中的童年。于是，就以双桥为背景，创作了一幅题名为《故乡的回忆》的油画。后来，这幅幅画连同他的37幅作品一起在以美国西方石油公司董事长阿曼德·哈默名字命名的哈默画廊中展出，引起轰动。尤其是那些运用油画和传统的中国水墨画技法创作的作品，描绘了姑苏的小桥流水，江南的田园风光，将美国观众带到了神话般的境地。后来，这幅《故乡的回忆》的油画被阿曼德·哈默用高价购藏。同年十一月份，哈默先生在访问中国的时候，将这幅油画送给了邓小平。1985年，这幅画又经过陈逸飞的加工成为当时联合国首日封的图案，深受集邮爱好者和各界人士的青睐。经新闻媒体宣传，周庄古镇声名鹊起。陈逸飞的画使默默无闻的双桥走向了世界。

扬州大明寺位于江苏省扬州市蜀冈中峰，唐天宝元年(742年)，名僧鉴真东渡日本前，即在此传经授戒，该寺因以名闻天下。 大明寺及其附属建筑，因其集佛教庙宇、文物古迹和园林风光于一体而历代享有盛名，是一处历史文化内涵十分丰富的民族文化宝藏。 千年古刹，历经劫难，终获新生。隋朝仁寿元年(620xx年)，皇帝杨坚为庆贺其生日，下诏于全国建塔30座，以供养佛骨，该寺建“栖灵塔”，塔高九层，宏伟壮观，被誉为“中国之尤峻特者”，故寺又称“栖灵寺”。

唐朝鉴真法师任大明寺住持，使大明寺成为中日佛教文物关系史上的重要古刹。唐会昌三年(843年)，九层栖灵塔遭大火焚毁。后经僧人募化重建，但屡有圮废。 北宋庆历年间，欧阳修任扬州太守时建平山堂。明万历年间，扬州知府吴秀重建大明寺，崇祯十二年漕御史杨仁愿再次重修。清康乾盛世，大明寺扩建为扬州八大名刹之首。清乾隆三十年(1765年)，乾隆巡游扬州，改题“法净寺”。然而咸丰三年(1853年)，寺庙又毁于太平军兵燹。此后，大明寺几经修建，规模渐大。现 寺为清同治年间两准盐运使方浚颐建。

1949年后以后，人民政府认真贯彻落实宗教信仰自由政策，多次整修扩建这一南朝古刹。1958年，大明寺被列为江苏省保护单位。 “文化大革命”时期，“红卫兵”以“破四旧”为名，要砸烂寺庙内佛像。周恩来紧急电谕，命令坚决保护大明寺古迹。地方政府及时封闭了寺庙，使古刹幸免于难。1979年，寺庙全面维修，佛像贴金，大明寺焕然一新。1980年，为迎接鉴真大师回国巡展，复名“大明寺”。

Anshan, liaonings third largest city, northeast Chinas fifth largest city, is located in the middle of the liaodong peninsula, because there are a pair of shaped like a saddle mountain city south (manchu think jose allyn, meaning saddleback mountain). Liaoning anshan is located in the hinterland of the bohai sea economic zone, is one of the important fulcrum, shenyang - dalian golden economic belt is also the shenyang economic zone (the original central liaoning urban agglomeration) and important connections with the liaoning coastal economic belt. It is approved by the state council have local legislative power of the big city. Anshan is one of the largest iron and steel industry in northeast city, new Chinas first city, iron and steel industry has "steel capital of the republic of" reputation, is the cradle of new China iron and steel industry. Because of the rich in jade, so there is "Chinese jade". Anshan is one of the big cities in China, has the worlds first jade Buddha - jade Buddha garden ridge scenic area, the Asian famous soup hot spring qianshan mountain scenic spot and the country. It governs four districts, a county-level city, a county and a autonomous county.

Anshan, saddle for short, is Chinas third largest city in liaoning province, anshan for southern city named a mountain that has been shaped like a saddle.

Anshan city jurisdiction Haifa, taian county, xiuyan manchu autonomous county and tiedong, I, lishan district, qianshan mountain ridge new town (soup), anshan high-tech zone, bay and other six urban area, urban area of 797 square kilometers. With a total area of 9252 square kilometers and a population of 9252 people. Anshan city by the end of 20xx, a total population of 3481999 people.

Anshan is a warm temperate continental monsoon climate, four seasons, abundant precipitation. Eastern mountainous area of forest vegetation is rich, the forest coverage rate 50%, rich apple, pear, chestnut, tussah, south fruit pear is a famous specialty in anshan. Major western plains of cultivated land area of 2820xx hectares, producing corn, rice, beans, peanuts.

Anshan is China excellent tourist city, with the worlds largest jade Buddha, trip to Asia famous hot springs, anshan iron and steel (industrial tourism), south fruit picked pears, anshan, China (every) of pear flower festival, the national mountains and the treasure jade are numerous tourist brands.

In hunan province is located in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, because most of the south of dongting lake area, hunan and said, and because of the largest river in the province xiangjiang river runs through north and south, and referred to as "xiang.

Hunan province is located in east longitude 108 ° 47 114 ° 15, north latitude 24 ° to 30 ° 39 8 . Adjacent to seven provinces and cities, the east of jiangxi, chongqing, sichuan, guizhou in the west, south according to guangdong, guangxi, the north side of hubei. The provincial land with a total area of 21.18 square kilometers, accounting for 2.2% of the total area of the national land and the cultivated land area of 49 million mu, the north plain mountain of 256 million mu, water painting of 20 million mu, is the 11th in the whole country. The province governs 14 cities and states, 136 counties, 2350 townships, 64.65 million people, including agricultural population 53.5 million people, accounting for 83.8% of the total population in the province.

Hunan province is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau to hills and nanling mountains to the south jianghan plain transition zone. Southeast west surrounded on three sides by mountains and faces the east has the luoxiao mountains, south of nanling, wuling, xuefeng mountains on the west, North of dongting lake plain; The central hills, basin. The topography low meteorological north, three facing southwest to the east north central tilt, open toward the north of the asymmetric horseshoe. Province landscape is given priority to with mountain pool, hilly, mountainous area accounts for 51.25% of the whole province area, hilly basin accounts for 29.3%, plain 13.1%, water 6.4%, form the pattern of "seven hills monohydrate two field soil".

A humid subtropical monsoon climate of hunan. Mild climate, four seasons, abundant rainfall, rich heat and determination period is short, no mildew period long climate characteristics. The entire province between the annual average temperature 16 a 18 degrees Celsius, in poorer; Full-year 261 frost-free period 313 days, sunshine 1300 1800 hours, annual total radiation 38.5 a 488000 joules per square centimeter, active accumulated temperature above 10 degrees on 5000 a 5800 Celsius Yin, lasts 238 a 256 day, can meet the needs of crop growth resistance to heat. Hunan is one of the rainy areas in China, annual precipitation in 1200 - a - 1700 mm, the rain, the distribution of precipitation is obvious phases. By the basic same, light, heat, water is good for agriculture, forestry production is very empty.

Hunan water resources reserves. Within the territory of the province for many years an average of 253.9 billion cubic meters of water, surface water of 20.88 billion cubic meters, per capita is 2756 cubic meters, is the countrys per capita is 1.5 times. Hunan is a province, there are dense rivers drainage of hunan, and main force in yuan and li four water and dongting lake, the basin area of 25 square kilometers, the basin area of the province accounted for 92%. Province have played more than 5 km river in 5341, the total length of 86000 km, the basin area more than 5000 square kilometres of article 17 of the river, including hunan, endowment, yuan and li, Xiao, Lei, Mi, dancing (left le right), such as unitary water of the basin area over 10000 square kilometers. The provinces total runoff is 162.3 billion cubic meters, add water, a total of 208.28 billion cubic meters. Hunan the waters not only large water flow, and abundant water, good water quality, sediment concentration, less not freeze in winter. The provinces 5341 rivers of water reserves of 15.325 million kilowatts, annual output of 134.24 billion degrees. Total installed capacity of the whole province may develop can be accounted for 70% of total water reserves and about 36.4% of the electricity.

The biological resources of hunan province is very rich. Is one of biodiversity more provinces in our country. About 5000 species of higher plants, accounting for 1/6 of the total number of national, the woody plant species make up about a quarter of the country; Have a state protection of rare plants 66 species, level of protection in the three kinds of plants, namely, silver fir, metasequoia, at king (left to right). The provincial forestry land 182.449 million mu, 57.4% of the total area of the provinces land; Forest coverage rate of 51.4%, 37.2% higher than the national average, the volume of 251 million cubic meters of forest, in the forefront of the country. Chinese fir, pine, bamboo and other economic forest and timber forest, and woody oil is at the center of the region name is known all over the country. Among them, Chinese fir forest, nanzhu painting about a third of the country, differential area of the countrys 40%, tung is one of the four key provinces throughout the country. 23 province forest reserves has been established, zhangjiajie forest park is a national forest park. Pasture resources in hunan province is very rich also, can use existing 84.99 million mu of meadows, grazing capacity can reach 7.04 million cattle units. Abundant plant resources for the growth of animal breeding provides the advantageous conditions, hunan animal variety, therefore, has a wide distribution.

A total of 66 species of wild mammals, 500 kinds of birds, 71 species of reptiles, amphibians, 40 species, more than 1000 kinds of insects, and more than 200 kinds of aquatic animals. Including the south China tiger, the clouded leopard, golden cat, crane, baiji and other 18 kinds of national level to protect animals. Hunan is the national famous freshwater region, a total of more than 160 kinds of natural fish. Hunan products especially agricultural products is very rich, is the famous "land of fish and rice". At present, the provinces grain production accounts for about 6% of the countrys total output of grain, 1/10 of the total output of rice, rice and ramie, tea oil production in the country first; Pigs, tea, orange in the second place; Cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, the yield of oil and water, and the product was ranked among the top nationwide.

There are many different kinds of mineral resources in hunan province, is the national famous "hometown of non-ferrous metals" and "the hometown of non-metallic mineral. Hunan mineral variety not only, and grade, paragenetic and associated minerals. Have now discovered 134 kinds of minerals, has proven reserves of 91 kinds, is one of the country there are kinds of mineral provinces. Including antimony, tungsten storage place of the highest in the world, bismuth, rubidium, stone coal, realgar, fluorite, sepiolite, barite, monazite, such as the first in the nation, manganese, vanadium, rhenium, glaubers salt, kaolin and 2nd reserves of manganese ore industry; Zinc, lead, tantalum, graphite, diamond, cement ingredients such as reserves, the third in the nation.

Hunan tourism resources. There are ten big tourist area and more than 100 tourist attractions. "The east one line", mount hengshan ancient city of changsha, shaoshan holy land revolution and yueyang tower, emperor yandi mausoleum, etc. "The west", has been protected by the United Nations as a world natural heritage wulingyuan scenic spots and Freud, sandwiched yamadera, fierce hole river scenic area, is the national famous tourist resort.

Each visitor, we arrived at fortress in the China door now.The city is mankinds society is developed toward the civilization by the barbarism of one of the sign.The city is important in the ancient times of strategy, defences.It is also the basic space natural cover that the mankind live.The our country has setting up of 3,000 yearses the city history, there are more than 2,000 all of the city defenses.Set up all of the city walls that are basic to keep an intact Nanking up to now at more than 600 year agos to grow 33.676 kilometers, more even long than Parisian city wall, is a world to keep up to now had better all biggestly the city city wall is national and important cultural object protection unit.Zhu Yuan Zhang captures "gather to celebrate road" that Yuan Dynasty rules and changes name "in response to the sky" in 1356, he heard to strive for a private rises of suggestion"Gao Zhu Qiang widely accumulates a food and slowly calls a king".Cost 21 years to build this city defense.

While constructing a clear city wall in those early years, Zhu Yuan Zhang used gold 6,000,0002, huge sum half like this from national treasury allocate funds, another the half was assigned duties by the rich family of Chiang-Nan.But Chiang-Nan richest person, Chen Wan San claimed nearly 1/3 of the expenseses that set up city.

Fixing the bricks that the city is used to all come from five provinces in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui is burned by 20 many ten thousand craftsmans to make.The city brick that uses five provinces to burn to make 3.Is 500,000,000 pieces of, the specification of brick grows a 40 cms, breadth 20 cms, thick 10 cms and weighs about 15-20 kgs.The on the sides of each brick engrave to have the name to burn brick craftsman and lift to adjust officer et al and burn to make time etc. certain context with show a responsibility to the person, also positive as it does strict of the responsibility system just make the clear city wall of more than 600 year agos experience successively a battle fire to reserve still up to now.The word on the city wall wipes a book, running script, cursive, seal script and belong to a book all it is thus clear that arrive, engrave a word method to have intaglio to engrave with the sun, the word number of city brick at most reaches to 69 words.Still used six dynasties in the Nanking clear city wall, south Tang Jiu Chengs brick.

The construction in the Nanking city wall can is divided into four stages, first stage is to six dynasties and south Tang loose the part of old city staying to take into to renovate with extension, dredge course of river;Second stage is with in the Feng sun all combine set up a period, maintain to reinforce to the old city wall, and open widely rivers side to the north;The third stage is a concentrated Nanking is built up, reform to gather a treasure, three help etc. city gate, at this time Nanking city already beginning show scale;The fourth stage starts building outside Kuo, the week grows 100 insides and has the outside city gate 18.

Zhu Yuan Zhang constructs a Nanking city wall during 1366-1386 years, the fortress constructing broke with symmetry mode of the stalk directions in the traditional building, but proper because of ground system, the negative mountain rounds water and adopt follow the ridge of Gang Long build city;Make use of natural river lake, dig soil the square fill formation Gao Cheng Shens dike in the city wall, with the demand of true war but construct.Clear capital city shape bottle gourd(again say palm-leaf fan) south the north grow 10,000 meters, the thing grows 5.67,000 meters.Count the Nanking city wall that 100,000 people set up for 21 years while consuming, the week grew 33.676,000 meters(save now 23.743,000 meters).Gao 14-26 Ms in Nanking city wall, the city radicle breadth 14 Ms, last breadth 4-9 Ms;Outside layer wall up establish parapet(arrows Duo)13616, hiding a soldier the hole is more than 200s.In addition to Gang Qiu, city lower part with limestone stone for Chu, the upper part carves city brick and lay bricks to mix with the Liao grass syrup, lime, fine sand and wood oil of clip syrup to glue to match.Clear city wall of so stand erect dont pour for 600 years, just is because used this kind of to stick to matching.

The coping of city wall is carved into low slope inside outside Gao with the brick, both sides seamy side in the city wall contains sink.The wall of the female at interval of 60 meters, establish the stone sink that a picks a 70 cms, line up water on the city wall to the stone inside the city clear hole, again from drain the ditch eject water city.This catchment system at the same time can also the city hinterland noodles Lao water eject a city outside.

"Inside 13, outside 18, the city gate bolts son to outwardly put."The byword of this Nanking at the right moment spoke the city gate number of Nanking.Nanking city 13 city gates can be said with Manchu Dynasty Wu Jing Zis song Jue:"Three mountains gather a treasure to connect a benefit, Hong Wu Chao Yang reaches peace, the absolute being plan gold Chuan faces clock Fu, instrument breeze(settle) the Huai is pure(is cool) to Shih-cheng", the jar city has one jar, two jars, three jars;Outside Guo She Men is 18, is mostly made by popular loess because of the city gate of outside Kuo, the folks is so called "soil city head", therefore didnt reserve up to now of of outside Kuo city gate;But turn virtuous door in the door, the door of Qi Lin, stork door and Anne, rivers east door etc. to still keep being used as a place name use such as the Yao.

Fortress in the China door named "gathered a treasure door" at first, because over against the gathering of city south treasure mountain but get, in 1931 because of fixed a China road in its northern side, but change name to "China door".This fanlight is three words, what Mr. Jiang Jie Shis hand-written.China door is inside outside Huaihe Qin is apart from a recent place, the geography is extremely hazardous, easily guard difficult offend, can rise a man to be a pass, ten thousand men dont open of function.The fortress southern north grows 129 meters, the breadth is 118 meters, cover more than 16,500 square meters, .One city in the China door is three jars, its flat surface presents a "eyes" matrix, two sides have 2 to ascend city Ma Dao, there is 27 inside the fortress hiding soldiers hole.

Fortress in the China door constitutes to°from three jar cities, 8.5 meters highly inside the city wall connect with each other three jar cities inside the fortress, three jar city formation"eyes" matrices close structure and form.The thing of the fortress is two sides, have ascending of two breadth 11 meterses city Ma Dao, a wartime to deliver the quick way of city of for use by the military supplies, is also will get to drive a horse straight up passage.Ma Dao, inside the wall make to guard a soldier to reside Gao to attackstone on all sides and downward, it go into the Tu of the enemy have no place to escape.In fortress in the China door, there are various 27ses hiding soldiers hole, hiding soldiers hole is to be provided for soldier to take a rest and put some places of supplieses for pareparing for war, the first floors of the south a city gate two side each Ma Daos bottoms with 3, ascend cities Be each to have 7 to hide soldiers hole, the second floor still has 7 to hide soldiers hole, can hide a soldier 3000.Continue and walk at Ma Dao from two sides, can arrive 3 F platform, in Ming Dynasty 3 F up set up Di building, we have already coulded not see now, it is ruined to Japan and invade the battle fire of.It is now a flat balcony.Fortress each jar city in China door contains a door per Zha.The wood quality that is all pair ofs sheet iron package front door in each arch type door establishes thousand catties of Zhas to can up and down start inside the hole and exact center all established a small city tower at first at first on each jar city, there is the capstan car to ascend and descend thousand catties of Zhas inside the building, ascending and descending thousand catties of capstan cars of Zhas now the depletion was already.Now city gate hole two sides can see to arrive the stone slot of crest breadth 20 Li rices from the bottom is the long slot that ascended and descended thousand catties of Zhas in those early years.But we allow however can imagine, in the cold weapon ages.Enemys soldier offends to break city gate and flows out into city, thousand catties of Zhas in the city gate will quickly land and cut off enemys way out and trap enemys soldier in the jar city, then hide a soldier the ambush in hole is four, or 100001000 together put, or the stone roll a wood together next, Jian enemy in seal a dead jar in, just like"close the door to beat a dog""catch terrapin in the jar"

Fortress in the China door militarily is thou one big natural cover of the city, emphasize to want a function towards guarding a Nanking already, the west contains outside Qin Huai, the southwest goes to north is Yangtze River, the for this reason door is extremely important.The peace Kingdom of Heaven Hong shows a time that the whole rate peace Kingdom of Heaven starts revolution a soldier and pure soldier to arouse war, 1911 in 1853 Xin Hai revolution period river Zhe allied troops commander Xu Shao Zhen direct the pure soldier of troops and Zhang Xun extremely dead the physical fight and the Nanking in the war against Japan is most struck with fright or horror to protect a war, the Kuomintang will get Tang Sheng Zhi to lead to guard a soldier 84 to live Japans Imperial Armys 30 many aggressions and launched the song of sense of right that the hand to hand fight table wrote Chinese nation with Japans Imperial Army.Fortress in the China door west still has Chen Wan San so reside.The temple city, emperors city, capital city and outside Guo that studies an ancient capital city can understand the ancients life all city and set up the thought idea of city to contain important meaning.

文庙的平面布局，承袭了我国传统的四合宫殿体系，由南至北分别由万仞宫墙(照壁)、泮池、棂星门、大成门、大成殿、崇圣祠和东、西两侧配殿等组成。其中有些建筑名称是文庙所特有的，如泮池，是座架着石桥的半圆形的水池子，来源于《周礼》的“辟雍”，原意是周天子设置的四面环水的大学堂，人们踏上泮池，就好象进入了最高学府。在清代，对考取秀才的称“入泮”。棂星门是一座巍然挺立着四根冲天大柱的牌坊。传说棂星是天上主管文教的神灵，通过棂星门，就可以得到神灵的保佑。

主体—大成殿

大成殿是天津市文庙博物馆的主体建筑，位于全庙的中心，是祭孔正殿，落成于明正统十二年(1447年)。殿内供奉着孔子及孟轲、颜回等四配十二哲人的牌位，显示出孔子之学后继有人，学子济济一堂。旧时每年的祭孔活动都要在此举行，它是整个祭孔活动的中心。在天津按照旧时的规定，对于孔子，每年农历春秋各举行一次祭典。农历八月二十七是孔子的生日，这时所有的学校都要放假，要集体向孔子行礼，还要吃一顿捞面，聊表纪念“孔诞”之意。另外，东、西两侧配殿供奉孔子的七十二贤人及历代的名宦、乡贤等。

后殿—崇圣祠

崇圣祠就是后殿，为供奉孔子父母和五世祖先的地方。东门内的两座过街牌楼也是文庙整体建筑的一部分，此牌楼为二柱三楼式，木结构，造型奇特。横额上有鎏金雕龙华板，精巧的斗拱支撑三座“五脊六兽”的四阿瓦顶，加之华士奎书写的“德配天地”、“道冠古今”墨宝点缀，使牌楼既气势雄伟，又玲珑秀丽。这也是对孔子的颂扬之词。

文庙作为天津的名胜已保存500余年。在津门，孔子作为圣人也被祭祀已数百年。

1954年，天津市政府公布文庙为第一批市级文物保护单位。之后又拨巨款多次进行复原保养维修。1985年市政府拨款90万元修葺并重建县庙影壁、泮池和棂星门。1987年成立了文庙博物馆并与同年十月对外开放。馆内陈列有《府庙大成殿复原陈列》和《孔子生平展》，馆内现藏文物主要是祭孔礼、乐器。比较重要的有编磬、古琴、古瑟、建鼓、应鼓、搏鼓以及铜爵、竹篚、竹笾等等，这些藏品表现了中华两千年的传统文化和儒家思想。馆内还不定期举办“祭孔古乐演奏”。

Friends：

Now we come to Shanghai Huangpu River bank Bund， first， I tour to everybody visit Bund to express the welcome， and wishes in advance each traveling to be happy.

New Bund altogether has five traveling routes， nearby yours left hand is by the reputation is Wan Guo constructs reads extensively the magnificent architectural complex and spacious Zhongshan Road， nearby your right hand is the wave light clear Huangpu River as well as the future resembles the brocade the Pudong land to embellish the financial trade area， at present for is novel uniquely goes sightseeing the tour area. This architectural complex， Zhongshan Road， go sightseeing the area， the Huangpu River， Lu Jiazui in the as if music five spectra， the industrious Shanghai people seem between the string string the symbol， is composing most newly the most gorgeous music movement， is welcome fellow guests presence.

The powder can call Bund? Simple saying， it passed once was the desolate beach place which outside the Shanghai old city the reed grew thickly together.

In 1840 after first Opium War， the tight lock entrance to a country has been driven out by the colonizing ocean artillery， Shanghai also is compelled to ward off for the commercial port. Since then， all kinds of west foreign style construction hastens to ground along with colonizing but towers in abundance， to this century the beginning of 30s， Shanghai as soon as leapt into the far east biggest metropolis from seashore small Yi.

At present these have the Europe Renaissance time style the construction， although stems from hand of the identical design， also is not constructs at an age， but their construction style is such harmonious unification， the day becomes. From Jinling east road Bund to outside white temporary bridge long only 1.5 kilometer arcs in，height scattered about， is standing erect row after row 52 styles each different construction， has England -like， France -like， ancient Greece -like and so on. Same year many foreign banks， the general meeting， the consulate and so on converged to this， some East Wall Street the name， formed the old Shanghai semicolonial and semifeudal society a historical miniature.

Everybody please looked that， the new Bund 2 east winds hotels， in the past once were the English general meetings which extremely is well-known， it is a model English ancient canonical expression constructs. The building high has 6 (continually basement)， the roof north and south beginnings and ends respectively suppose □t look pavilion， the interior decoration are extremely magnificent. Inside a yet higher goal bar same year once because of has 110.7 foot Eastern longest bar cabinet but to be arrogant for a while， now USS Kentuckey quick dining room is located in.

New Bund 12 before are famous the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank， this building constructed in 1923， was in the style of antiquity Greece -like dome construction. The building for approaches the square the rectangular construction， high 5， a crown hemispheroid level goes against the vegetable to have 7 in addition， the steel portal frame construction. In the building decorates extremely is fastidious， is equipped with country each kind of reception room and so on America， England and France， Russia， date. This place constructed the English once to brag for from The Suez Canal to far east Bering Strait most was fastidious construction.

Nearby close neighbor Hongkong and Shanghai Bank that building is the Shanghai customs building， is 19th century restores the old the principle construction， constructed in 1927， is now the world institute rarely is ominous. Above the building bell all around worthy of looking at arrives is in luck， each 15 minutes play sound section of short tunes， melodious are deep， reputation 10 miles.

After the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank building and the customs building all stem from English designer Wilson， Shanghai kindly called they are the sisters building， at present was still one of Shanghais important symbols.

East Nanjing the street intersection two buildings are called the peaceful hotel. Sat north the Southern Dynasty this Lou Jianyu in 1906， at that time the name collected the hotel， was a Shanghai extant earliest hotel. It may take a historical construction， is the English Chinese world renaissance. This building most major characteristic is sets up the surface color red brick to make the waist line， Bai Qiangzhuan makes the cover， looks by far both gravely is elegant， and other style， the reality is a rare excellent work.

Bunds these constructions， all are the China working people industrious wisdom crystallization， simultaneously has also reflected western colonizing to Shanghais plundering and the aggression. Now in order to let the people understand these constructions the history， in front of each big front door hangs has the data plate which the Chinese and English compares.

Regarding Bund， the Shanghai person also passes for hers name along with the time changes. Shanghai persons is called old Bund， after the liberation liberation before Bund to be called as Bund， now the people approve her are new Bund. In the history occurs has seized Bund many times the scene， but each time all has the completely different historical significance. Since partys 11 sessions of three CCP plenary conferences， the China reform and open policy strategic center of gravity also from the south but north， Pudongs development and the promotion enable Shanghai to walk the nation reform and open policy most front. The spring breeze blew awakes the deep sleep many year Shanghai Bund， the Chinese and foreign financial organ in abundance has also seized Bund. Shanghai has made the clear nest directs the phoenix the significant action， the Bund finance street house big replacement， will attract everywhere the old customer reto come to settle down， again will reveal the far east Wall Street elegant demeanour.

Bund is Shanghais symbol， also is the Chinese and foreign tourists must arrive place. But in before because the path narrow， the pedestrian vehicles are packed like sardines， seriously has affected the Bund overall image. For the change place beach appearance， the Shanghai peoples government performs Bund as the key point to transform. At present this street called， also is Bund which Zhongshan a group， is for commemorate pioneer Mr. Sun Yat-Sen which China democratic revolution names synthesizes the transformation a part. This group span 826 meters， the width 45 meters， suppose 6 to 10 traffic lanes. This broad line of communication not merely is restricted in area Bund， it follows the reform and open policy step unceasingly to extend， north the Jiangwan five jiao fields， south arrive at the Nampo bridge. To the next the beginning of century， this north and south corridor long amounts to 15 kilometers， will become the sign landscape which the Shanghai traveling will go sightseeing.

We now walk this Bin Jiang main road quite has the characteristic. It not only collection culture， afforestation to a body， moreover the morning is the people practices the good place which the article practices martial arts，daytime is domestic and foreign goes sightseeing the tour world， evening is the ideal place which talks love to the lover， heard has many foreign friends all in admiration of somebodys fame to come to experience the life.

Fellow guests， stroll in new Bund to go sightseeing the area， whether you do feel， new Bund not only appearance changed beyond recognition， moreover in lively is lively passes the rich artistic breath. Everybody please looked that， In the Yenan east road Bund establishment subject will be for tomorrow the artistic landscape，will hug by 6 columns， with will have more than 80 years historical meteorological signal to become a group to the scenery. The customs building and the electronic waterfall clock also is quite has the fresh idea to the scenery. The electronic waterfall clock assumes the steps and ladders type， the length 27 meters， the height 3.5 meters， supposes 10 entire stairs. The entire operating process by the computer control， approximately some more than 1，000 nozzles water column is composed each kind of color the Arabic numeral， causes world each place since such remoteness， double is how being intimate with. Went sightseeing the area worthily to become to hold hundred Sichuan， is compatible Shanghai school characteristic culture scenery line which and gathered.

Strolls Bund， we unconsciously entered the Whangpoo River park. In mentioned this park， each Chinese all could not forget the former days foreign country big powers to hang the Chinese people and the dog did not have to enter in park entrance that block the sign， that notorious sign， let then Chinese people suffer the enormous shame! Now， looked at present that 60 meter high Shanghai people outstandingly talented monument， stands erect is facing the water place. The military might magnificent sight three columns yellow hillocks body in has told the people as if， the people forever cherishes the memory of since the Opium War， 54 movements and the war of liberation， is the scrubbing nationality shame， devotes the heroes for Shanghais revolutionary business.

The Whangpoo River park faces is well-known everywhere Huangpu River. On month Huanglong waters edge water yellow， extremely vividly described the Whangpoo River river water color. Improves Pujiang is Shanghais mother river， it originates to the Wuxi Tai Lake， is within the boundaries of Shanghai longest， is widest， deepest rivers， the span 114 kilometers; The mean breadth 400 meters， are deep 7 to 9 meters. Its original name calls Dong Jiang， also has the spring Shenjiang river， alternate name and so on Huang Xiejiang. Hands down before more than 2，000 years， Shanghai was Chu at that time， at that time Chu country has a senior general yellow to call to rest， he had very much rules a nation ability， is appointed by Chu king as prime minister， and sealed for presents Mr. Shen， had jurisdiction over Shanghai this land. At that time because upstream Dong Jiangs clogged with silt， he led the Shanghai people to carry on scours， and revised the route， caused Shanghai the aquatic transportation and the agriculture obtains the very big development， the posterity for commemorate Huang Xie the merit， renamed Dong Jiang as the spring Shenjiang river and yellow ， only then officially chose a name until the Southern Song Dynasty time as the Huangpu River.

The Huangpu River has two the child， calls Pudong， another calls Puxi. Before new China is born， their whole family deeply three mountains oppressions， on the mother river body is anchoring is the outside warship and the merchantman， two children also are pressed have not gasped for breath. Jumps Whangpoo River my sentence Shanghai persons pet phrase， refers to the common people which the old society really is unable to live，throws the river to here to commit suicide.

Looks out into the distance the opposite shore， Pudong Lu Jiazui the finance trade area and Puxi Bund distantly faces one another， its function for the finance， the trade and foreign serves， it will be the new Shanghais core and the symbol. East Bund the Bin Jiang main road， the total length 2，500 meters， the collection traveling， go sightseeing with the entertainment and so on are a body， is equipped with 6 multi-faceted squares along the road. Although the present only rumble cuts in line the sound， but the sound sound ， is in five spectra the most magnificent music movement， will be forecasting a Bund more glorious future.

现在，我们已经来到千年古刹——明月寺。明月寺建于后唐清泰二年(公元935年)，由僧明智所创，清光绪十六年(1890年)道根重修，战争中曾遭毁，1993年修复开放。明月寺附近原有一大片梨树林，每逢初春，“千树万树梨花开”，成为古镇一景，清李果有“梨花明月寺，芳草牧牛庵”的诗句，传诵一时。明月寺与灵岩山上的灵岩寺在布局结构上相仿，一年四季香火旺盛，附近村镇的老百姓平时喜欢到明月寺去寄托自己的祈盼。

这是一座明代古桥，名叫永安桥，建于明弘治十一年，至今已有五百多个春秋。永安桥为单孔石拱桥，桥洞宽敞，倒影如环，葛萝垂挂，古意盎然。当地的新婚男女或小儿满月都有“走永安，祈福保平安”的习俗。

现在，我们已经来到江南著名园林：严家花园。严家花园原名羡园，因园主姓严，当地人俗称“严家花园”。

严家花园几易其主，曾先后经历了三位主人。第一代主人是清朝乾隆年间的苏州大名士、《古诗源》作者沈德潜。后沈德潜官至太子太傅，被乾隆皇帝赞为“诗坛耆硕”。沈德潜原住苏州葑门，雍正七年(1729年)迁隐木渎，建屋筑园，号“灵岩山居”，在此开馆授徒。

道光八年(1828年)，此园被木渎诗人钱端溪买下，钱氏叠石疏池，筑亭建楼，起名“端园”。此时，宅园初具规模，龚自珍对此园有“妙构极自然，意非人意造”的赞美。

光绪二十八年(1902年)，端园转让给木渎首富严国馨。严氏买下端园后，由香山帮建筑大师姚承祖率领能工巧匠重茸一新，严国馨的母亲朱太夫人仰慕前贤，改“端园”为“羡园”。

二十世纪三十年代，中国现代建筑学家刘敦桢教授两次来苏州调查古建筑，对木渎严家花园的布局与局部处理推崇备至，认为此园是苏州园林中的代表作品，著名学者董军教授也在他的《江南园林志》中，对严家花园作了重点介绍，并给予了极高的评价，严家花园的建造者姚承祖大师更是把严家花园作为自己平生最满意的作品，在他的著作《营造法源》中载有大量严家花园的图片和文字资料。

Summer Palace

The Summer Palace (Yiheyuan) in the northwestern suburb of Beijing was built in 1750. by far the best-preserved imperial garden in China, it was endorsed by the UNESCO in 1998 as a world cultural heritage site.

As a paragon of Chinese gardens, this huge garden includes Longevity Hill, whose beauty is set off by a multitude of halls, kiosks and trees, and Kunming Lake, a huge body of liquid silver.

Major tourist attractions are Tower of Buddhist Incense, 17-Span Bridge, Long Gallery, Cloud Dispelling Hall, Marble Boat, Beamless Hall, Garden of Harmonious Delights, the theatre in the Garden of Moral Harmony, and Suzhou Street.

The entire place is a de facto museum of Chinas classical architecture. Housed in these buildings are an immense collection of treasures and cultural artifacts.

Hello, teachers!

First of all, on behalf of all the staff of Sitong travel agency, I wouldlike to extend a warm welcome to you and thank you for your support and trust inour travel agency. My name is carving time. Im a tour guide of Sitong travelagency. Please call me Xiao Liu. Sitting in the front driving position is ourteam driver master Zhang. Master Zhang has rich driving experience. I believeyou will feel comfortable and safe on the way. Today, I feel very honored to beour tour guide and know so many teachers and friends. If you have anydifficulties and requirements during your journey, please put forward them intime and I will try my best to serve you. I also hope that you can activelysupport and cooperate with my work. Here, I wish you a pleasant journey, happyto come and satisfied to return.

The scenic spot we are going to visit today is the ancient culture street.The ancient culture street is a street with Tianjin local characteristicscentered on the Tianhou palace. It is located in gongnangong North Street,Nankai District. In 1985, it was reorganized by the municipal government torestore its traditional style and named "Ancient Culture Street". The ancientculture street is different from the general commercial street. It gathers allkinds of handicrafts and cultural goods from all over Tianjin and even the wholecountry. Among them, the willow youth paintings, clay figurine Zhang Caisu andkite Weis kites are most famous at home and abroad. The whole street is full ofstrong Chinese flavor, Tianjin flavor, ancient flavor and cultural flavor. Sowhat about the ancient culture street? Lets make an evaluation after visitingit in person.

Well, we have come to the parking lot of the scenic spot. Please rememberthat our car is a white golden dragon, and the license plate is Jin a2345. At 4pm, the car will be waiting for you in Gongbei street. I hope you wont be late.Please lock the window. Please take your valuables with you. OK, please getoff.

The first thing that catches our eyes is a tall and majestic pailou withgold colored painting and green top Zhuying. The color painting on it is calledxuanzi color painting, with the words "hometown of Jinmen" written on it. Itdefinitely points out that the area near the ancient culture street was asettlement 800 years ago, where the Jin people who ruled the North establishedZhigu village, the most important prison of Tianjin city. Todays Tianjin isformed by the gradual development of this area as the original central area. Ithas always been a prosperous commercial area in Tianjin for six or seven hundredyears, which has played an immeasurable role in the development of Tianjin. Itis well deserved to be called the hometown of Tianjin.

Well, please follow me into this street. Youve noticed that many shops inthis street do not have colorful paintings under the eaves and in the rooms.These are Kaiguang Qing style Su paintings, most of which are character stories.Lets take a look at the color paintings of you Fangjian in Jizhen. On them areeight paintings in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, including "three marriagesin Taoyuan", "three heroes fighting Lu Bu in Hulao pass", "Lu Bu playing DiaoChan in Fengyi Pavilion" and "refusing Cao in Dangyang". From the perspective ofWestern Shu, they mainly depict the heroic stories of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and ZhangFei. We are looking at the Fangjian of Liyuan Pavilion opposite. The painting onit is the classic opera Xixiang Ji, which describes the love story between CuiYingYing and Zhang Junrui.

Well, now lets turn around and have a look. There are two tall flagpolesin front of the gate of tianhuangong mountain. They stick straight into Yunxiao,which is particularly eye-catching. This flagpole is 26 meters high. Theflagpole is made of several pieces of copper and iron rough wood. The outerlayer is wrapped with hemp plaster, and then coated with paint. It is solidthrough winter and summer. It is said that when the flagpole was first erected,on the one hand, it hung lights to guide the boats going to and fromsanchahekou, on the other hand, it served as a foil for Tianhou palace, makingthe whole building complex appear to be in an extraordinary state. Later, it wasspecially used to hang the long flag of Empress Dowagers title during thepilgrimage on the 1st and 15th day of each lunar month and during the templefair.

Please go on. Now we are looking at the main building of Tianhou palace.Tianjin local folk known as "empress", so the empress palace is also known asempress palace. It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, and was rebuilt andreinforced many times in later dynasties. As we all know, most temples in Chinaface south from north, but the temple of heaven after heaven faces west fromEast. Why? Because the Sancha River in Jinmen is a necessary place for watertransport, which is not only the starting point of river transport, but also theterminal point of sea transport, and becomes a transit station for river seatransport. In order to satisfy the spiritual sustenance of the boat people,merchants and government officials in the water transportation and pray for theprotection of the God of the sea, the temple of heaven was built on the WestBank of the Haihe River. The temple gate faces east, faces the Haihe River, andships from south to North anchor and burn incense in the temple. Some shipscant reach the shore because they dont have time or for some reason. Boatpeople and merchants can also worship the queen on board and pray for peace. Inthis way, it not only met the requirements of the folk worship of the believerswho could not land, but also complied with the busy shipping demand at thattime, and met the requirements of the folk worship of the believers who couldnot land.

What we see now is the mountain gate, which is a mixed structure of brickand wood. There are three gates with a green tile roof on Jiuji Xieshan. Themiddle is a circular arch, which means "the sky is round" in ancient times, andthe two sides are rectangular gates. On the forehead of the gate is engravedwith the four characters of "Chijian Tianhou Palace", and in the middle arch isa plaque of "protect Sanjin". There was no such gate when the temple was firstbuilt. It was built in the 14th year of Qianlong.

You follow me in and face a wooden archway with two columns and one floor.On the left and right sides are the drum tower and the bell tower. Walkingthrough the archway, we can see the front hall in front of us. In the middle ofthe hall, there are worshippers of the Dharma God King, and on both sides are"Qianliyan", "shunfenger" and "Jiaxie" and "Jiashan".

"Bao guang, west park, north green cloud, in yuan." To yuan temple is located in wuhan hanyang CuiWei feng cui wei road west side, and GuQinTai adjacent. Say "convenient to return yuan no 2, there are many." Yuan temple temple name comes from this. To yuan temple site for private garden in Ming dynasty, by 1658, the park owner give alms to the monk in this build three small tower, tower buried unowned bones. Deng shedding pay property to build temples, then experience generation reconstruction in succession, hence become todays pattern. Owned by yuan temple building area of more than twenty thousand square meters?

Main construction points, both inside and outside. The outer court is mainly composed of gate house, courtyard, ponds; The inner court by the north courtyard, then Ursa and south courtyard sutra depository arhat hall three main body construction, as well as great, earth treasure house, etc. To yuan temple give an outstanding impression is consistent with the other temple is its architecture. It would not be symmetrical pattern of grand, but slightly clutter. Originally, built the temple, begging monk cant gather together in a short time together enough money to do the arrangement. Rich when you hurry to buy to repair, otherwise wait to raise enough money, ideas in the surrounding area has first bought by others. Monks have to can only have a sum of money in one place. The gate toward the east, but gradually from the south to the north side in buildings. Compared with the general big jungle, be yuan temple "hundred feet maolin, thousand bamboo pole, and red, brake, green around the cloud room", colorful, beautiful and pleasant.

Drops after lotus leaf green lotus pond, lotus flower in full bloom, is Ursa major, the temple Buddha like guanyin is the island, on both sides and 24 the heavens like, placed on a sloping surface, high technological level. Particularly noteworthy is that the sugar like sweets before running, it is not normal fabric, but wood and wood is wiser. Behind the of primitive simplicity and elegant modelling is unique, with high appreciation value, is a rare art treasures.

To the north and to the sutra depository, the magnificent building, decorative and elegant, is the treasure house of collection of cultural relics to yuan temple. Hidden inside a set of qing and bei Ye Zhenjing,.chinese or copper Buddha, both for treasures, and also has given some buddhist relics abroad. Main hall displays a Burmese jade Buddha statue, very beautiful.

West sutra depository, bypass tuas pavilion, south to the south of arhat hall, went into his house, can see a "field" glyph of five hundred arhats. Their ups and downs sit, joys and sorrows, each feminine beauty, rich distinguishing feature each, or legged earphones, or design, or studying buddhist scriptures, bouldering or drive out evil spirit, each are not identical, some brave, some gentle, some naive, silly, and some vicissitudes, expressions are all different, some in the pick up ear cleaning, some in a bored manner yawning, make people laugh. Oceans production craft level is very high, to the end of the 19th century the qing guangxu years HuangBei County wangs father and son take a nine-year into. Type used on the process linoleum bodiless lacquer special method: first use unpainted clay idol with molding model, with a thick cloth, raw lacquer paste TaoSu step by step, and make each oceans head and shoulders, ribs, leg respectively form a tendency, thus in the line of art image draws the outline of a large surface, make the action, different expressions. This process is conducive to the screw, enduring, and corrosion protection, is not bad, it is unique to China. Wuhan flood in 1954 and five hundred arhats, floating down the house after water back but intact, so wuhan folk have bathed oceans "five hundred".

To yuan temple is also one of the birthplace of the modern buddhist revival. In the spring of 1922, too the mage to yuan temple lecture buddhist, when all the listeners, stimulate too buddhist volunteers, it is the same with listening celebrity to negotiate, to better buddhist generative, must set up the buddhist, extensive training talents of Buddhism, buddhist institute to run one of the cause of this is wuchang.

各位请看这扇窗。这是一扇没有任何图案设计地单纯地长方形漏窗，这种特殊地漏窗也叫空窗。此处如果没有这扇空窗地话，那么这里地采光就不足，就会显得昏暗。所以说，这扇空窗设计地主要目地是为了采光。和前面讲过地蟹眼天井同样道理。园林建筑哪怕是一扇门一扇窗在建筑设计时，一定得考虑其造景功能。所以为了避免空窗地单调，就利用了植物盆栽来映衬它，使他在具有采光地同时，形成了一幅生动地立体地画面，此可谓一举两得。

再请大家看这门楣上地砖刻门额“长留天地间”这几个字。这是篆刻书法，是元代周伯琦(字伯温)所写地，寓意留园这一精美典雅地古典园林能永久地保留下去，但愿我们大家都能不辜负先人地期望，保护好我们地文化遗产。

来到这里，我们已经在不知不觉中走过了一条长长地走廊，这条长廊虽有数十米长，然而造园者巧妙地使廊、屋相接，并且在比较封闭地暗处设计了“蟹眼天井”来采光，用富于变化地建筑技巧使廊在空间上产生出了明与暗大与小地对比，另游人在不断变化地空间中，欣赏着各种布置独到地园林小品，在不知不觉中走完了这段长廊。另外，从园林审美方面来看，这段长廊相对于秀美地中部远景来说，大有一种“欲扬先抑”地审美效果。因此，这段长廊不仅被园林专家评定定为“留园三大名廊”之首，而且在整个苏州古典园林地廊形建筑中也有一处佳例。

文庙，是纪念和祭祀我国伟大思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的祠庙建筑，在历代王朝更迭中又被称作文庙、夫子庙、至圣庙、先师庙、先圣庙、文宣王庙，尤以“文庙”之名更为普遍，是儒教徒活动的场所。

尊敬的各位领导，各位来宾，女士们、先生们，这就是你们向往已久的全国重点文物保护单位资中文庙。欢迎各位的到来资中文庙。资中文庙始建于北宋雍熙年间，距今1000多年的历史，当时位于县城大东街。不过前后经过三次搬迁后，于清道光九年(1829)将文庙迁于此地，那么为什么会选择迁到此处呢?是因为呀在南宋时期资中的这条街上出一个叫赵逵的状元，这也就是为什么说文庙座落的这条街叫状元街的原因。因为赵逵是一名文状元，而文庙则是来弘扬儒家文化的地方，在封建社会中他们两者之间有着相似之处。所以我们的先辈们就把文庙迁移道了此处。

大家首先请看这个巨大的月池，它的名字叫做“洗墨池”。传说是状元赵逵读书时期洗笔荡墨的地方，旁边的高墙是“万仞高墙”。我们都知道，像皇宫这样高贵的地方，它的宫墙也仅仅被称为“数仞宫墙”。但是孔子庙里的宫墙为什么会被称为“万仞宫墙”呢?这是因为先人们觉得“夫子之墙数仞”不足以表达出对孔子的敬仰，由此可见孔子在古人心中崇高的地位。大家再看这2个华表，众所周知，华表是庄严肃穆的象征，一般出现在皇宫附近，全国各地一般的文庙里也是没有的哦，但为何我们资中的文庙里会出现2个高高矗立的华表呢?这是由于孔子曾被封为“文宣王”，古时候在人们心中享受着帝王的待遇。而这里的2个特别的华表也充分的显示出了当时这里的人们对孔子的万分尊敬和仰慕。所以说跟全国其他的文庙比起来，这2个华表也就显得分外的独特和珍贵了!

当然了，古人认为对孔子光是心中的尊敬是远远不够的，行为上也得充分的体现出 来，大家请看这块碑：“文武官员至此下马”。也就是说在踏入此庙之后，哪怕你是当朝宰相、三军统帅、皇亲国戚，到了这里都得规规矩矩，毕恭毕敬徒步而行的穿过我们前面的这道“礼门”去里面祭拜孔夫子，因为这里是万世师表孔大圣人的神圣殿堂!

大家要知道，在封建社会，这里是不能随便进出的。它不像其他的庙宇，任何人都可以进去烧香拜佛，求神许愿;这里就不行，平时的大门是关着的，只在春天和秋天的祭祀之日或全县学生大考的张榜拜孔之时才把大门打开，让官员、举人、考上了秀才和社会上颇有身份的绅士们才能进去，一般的小民百姓是不许进去的。今天来到这里游览的朋友们我想如果在那个时候至少都能算是秀才了，个个都是有功名的，绝对有资格进去朝拜孔圣人，请! 我们资中文庙总占地面积6787平方米，建筑面积2643平方米，坐北朝南，复四合院式布局，布局格调以山东曲阜的孔庙为原型，但规模要小一点。这个文庙有许多与众不同的地方，别的庙门都是向南而开，这里却是东西二门，东边叫“礼门”，西边叫“义路”，这个根据孟子的“以礼为门，以义为路”而得来的。

各位亲爱的游客朋友们，我们资中的文庙里有“五绝一奇”。首先让我们来先看看这其中的一绝——照壁。这个照壁修建于清光绪年间(1857)，距今有100多年的历史。在川内所有文庙中设有照壁者只有这里一处，在全国文庙、孔庙也是极为鲜见。照壁中七孔镂空壁塑图案精美、寓意深刻，表现了精深的儒家文化内涵。七孔镂空壁塑的砖骨灰塑的工艺手法，极为少见。整个照壁长19.5米，高6米，雄奇瑰丽。

这七孔照壁主要表现的就是“鱼跃龙门”。这个成语我们都知道，“鱼跃龙门”里的“鱼”指的主要是鲤鱼，但是请大家仔细看，这照壁上的鲜活的鱼儿扁脑壳、大嘴巴、长胡子。不是鲤鱼，而是我们资中三绝之一的鲶鱼。资中的鲶鱼在清代就被刻上了照壁，这说明资中的鲶鱼并不是美名于现代，而是早在清代就已经赫赫有名了。这也使得这块照壁极具资中的特色和代表性!第一孔照壁主要传达出的寓意是比喻人在接受尊孔尊儒教化之前好比河中之鱼，然后大家请看第二孔，在第二孔中，我们可以看到一个龙头鱼身的“怪物”，但其实它是要表示人在接受尊孔尊儒教化的过程中不停蜕变，更加精进的过程，树立一个要向“龙”转化的这么一个理念也就是要树立远大的理想和抱负。照壁上榜题文字“龙文炳跃”寓意苦读寒窗，鱼跃龙门，彪炳千秋。而第三孔讲的就是有了理想之后要把理想付出于行动的过程，我们可以看到孔壁周围有一圈梅花，表示“梅花香至苦寒来，宝剑锋从磨砺出。”高楼下的螃蟹，它比喻的是人心中的私心杂念，表示出，只有抛弃了心中一切的私心杂念，才可以达到人生的光辉顶点。纵观这七孔照壁，主要的就是向大家告之一个道理，那就是人要从小树立远大的理想，并努力的付之于实践，才能获得成功。

好了，大家现在请往后面看，我们现在可以看到我们文庙的建筑布局是一个完全对称的建筑布局，它的中轴线就是我们的第四孔照壁和正前方大成殿里的孔子像这两点所形成的一条直线。现在出现在我们面前的是一个青石牌坊，正中为“灵星门”，左边是“贤关”，右边是“圣域”，表明这里是灵天宝地、圣贤之区。为什么要在这里立这么一个青石牌坊呢?这个在古时候是有讲究的，当人们来到文庙祭拜孔子的时候，要从这三道门进去。但是古人们在祭拜孔子的时候，他们有着严格的等级之分。不同等级的人要从不同的门进去，正中的“灵星门”在古时候是只有皇帝或者是皇帝钦点的状元才可以走的，左边的贤门是那时候被认为是有贤之士走的，而右边的圣域则是给得圣之人准备的。不过今天大家来到这里地位都是一样的，所以大伙儿也不必拘礼，请跟我来吧!

现在映入大家眼帘的就是我们资中文庙的又一绝——“泮池”。为什么叫“泮池”呢?原来呀，在古代学校被称为“泮宫”。是由鲁德公在泮水之滨建立学宫而统一命名的。“泮池”的意思即是学校门前的水池，传说能振兴学业。在科举时代，童生考中秀才之后，都要到这里来绕池游走，庆贺入学，古人称为“游泮”，是相当体面的光宗耀祖之事。那么它被称为绝的原因是因为别的文庙的只有一个“内月池”即“泮池”，而我们的文庙不仅拥有“内月池”还拥有一个“外月池”也就是我们刚才看到的“洗墨池”。两池两两相称，相得益彰。再有就是我们这个泮池本身，大家请看，横跨池面的一座刻有龙形的桥，叫做“状元桥”。跟全国别的文庙不同的之处在于，其他文庙的桥都是一桥一孔，而我们的状元桥是一桥三孔。是不是十分的特别呢?而且在其他各地的有些文庙里它的状元桥是封闭的，不过呀，因为资中在历史上一共出了2个状元，一个是南宋的赵逵，一个则是清朝的光绪年间的骆成骧，所以呀我们文庙里的状元桥是可以向游客开放的，大家不妨在这泮池边和状元桥上尽兴的游走一番，体检一下古时候读书郎升入学官和高中状元的喜悦之情!

我们先来到泮池的左边，现在我们看到这块高大的石碑便是清朝最著名的皇帝康熙在他40岁的时候，也就是康熙33年手书的《四书.大学》碑，距今300多年的历史，也正是在那个时候，康熙也下令全国，凡是有文庙的地方也就必须要立这块碑，现在有些文庙里已经没有了，而我们这里的文庙却至今仍旧保存了下来，这是十分难得和珍贵的。我们都知道康熙皇帝虽然是一位满洲皇帝，但是他对汉族的儒家文化确是十分的喜欢。这块碑的内容主要是《大学》里经一章的内容，简单的说来便是：“修身齐家治国平天下”。在写这块碑的时候康熙正当盛年，其书法刚劲豪放，颇具唐人气韵，从这块碑里的书法文字中我们不难看出这位满洲皇帝的深厚的汉文化功底。这块碑与它正对面的石碑并称为资中文庙的另一绝，对面的石碑是明成化四年明宪宗皇帝书《御制重修孔子文庙碑记》碑。两块碑均高4米，宽1.9米，两两对称而立，两道碑文，碑体高大，尤显风采，均以帝王万乘之尊御书，堪称资中文庙之精品。

两座碑的旁边都各有一座祠堂，也是对称而立的。首先我们来看位于左边的名宦祠，名宦祠供祀的是外地人从隋到清在资州做官而政绩卓著的官员，如唐代的节度使韦皋、刺使羊谔、宋代的范祖禹等，一共二十八人。因为我们资中在历史上曾是州郡属的所在地，为州时间长达900多年，所以这里面的最高官就是州官，相当于我们现在的市委书记。现在我们来到了与刚才名宦祠对称而建的另一个祠堂，叫做乡贤祠，乡贤祠供祀的是资中人在外地作官而名扬青史的杰出人物，如西汉的词赋家王褒，南宋状元赵逵、南宋宰相赵雄等，一共二十四人。其中宰相赵雄为这里供祀的最高官员。乡贤祠的旁边有关于张大千所作的资中八景的介绍， 我们知道张大千是我国著名的国画大师，他虽为内江人，但却与资中有着很深的情谊。因为他的亲戚很多都在资中，小时候他经常跟着他的二个来到资中玩，所以从小就对这里很了解。1956年张大千离开大陆移居法国的时候，出于对家乡的思念，他便凭小时候自己的记忆，画了这资中八景图，送给自己的资中亲戚。大家不妨来欣赏一下国画大师张大千印象中的资中8景。

位于两座祠堂中间的这一排殿堂式的建筑叫大成门，又叫“戟门”。这道门同外面的大门一样，从前只逢祭祀大典之时才会开放，主要的作用是供文武官员休息整装的地方，平时只能从两边小门进出，左边的小门叫“金声”，右边的小门叫“玉振”。

现在我们穿过了大成门，来到了又一个圣洁的天地。这座院落叫崇圣祠，它与前面的大成殿错落有序，颇具匠心，布局是相当合理、巧妙的。资中的文庙的面积很小，但是他的结构确实十分的紧凑，我们可以看到左右两边的钟鼓楼也都完好的保存下来了!两座楼也是对称而建的，用一句成语就叫做晨钟暮鼓。

好了，游客们，我们现在处于的位置是西庑，在正对面同样与它也是对称而建的是东庑。西庑和东庑在古时候又叫做“厢房”。它们在文庙里的主要作用是用来陈列孔子和72贤人(也就是他的72位弟子)牌位的地方。但由于我们的文庙博物馆也在文庙内，所以这里变成了我们陈列我们文庙内珍贵文物的地方。那么我们首先来欣赏这块石碑，这就是历史上著名宋代书法家黄庭坚书写的《幽兰赋》。这组碑刻一共七块，每块长2米，宽1.2米，是质坚粒细的巫峡石刻制的。话说在清朝的咸丰年间，资中人李福州靠一手熬糖的好手艺，成了当地八大首富之一，就在县城外牛寨溪修起了“李家花园”。李福州读书不多，却天资聪慧，发财后不惜重金购买名人字画装点花园，有一次他在宜宾做生意的时候，发现了黄庭坚的这幅字，他非常的喜欢，并派人专程从巫峡开采到了上好的巫峡石，又花重金请了一位成都的匠高手，在自己的家里面把黄庭坚的这幅《幽兰赋》给刻了下来并用他来装饰自己的书房。不过十分可惜的是，待到这位商人死去了之后，后辈式微，字画散尽。而这7块石碑每个就重达1吨多，无人搬动。新中国成立之初，土改时一个不识字的农民分到了这堆石头，将它们砌成灶房外墙和猪圈。建房时嫌有字的一面不光滑碍事，就将无字的背面放在外面当猪圈墙，有字的一面是自家灶房糊上了泥巴。谁知这样就完好地保护了石碑，还使它“失踪”了20多年。直到1974年，当时我们文庙的老馆长杨祖垲老先生才意外的发现了这块珍贵的石碑，经过细心的清理、保管之后，这才让此碑重见天日，也让大家一饱眼福!

这块碑我们又把它称为“三绝碑”，为什么这么说呢?因为它在文、书法、雕刻这三方面都是可以堪称“三绝”的石刻。首先是它的文章此文是唐代的韩伯庸所作，大家请看：“阳和布气兮，动植齐光;惟彼幽兰兮，偏含国香。吐秀乔林之下，盘根众草之旁。虽无人而见赏，且得地而含芳”。意在说吸收了天地精华，有国香之资的兰花却因出生不好“吐秀乔林之下，盘根众草之旁”而无人知晓只能孤芳自赏。然后文章说了三个故事来赞美兰花，第一个便是“横琴写操，夫子传之而至今”。这里的夫子便是孔子，说孔子发现的兰花之后很是喜欢，便弹琴给兰花听，以此来赞美兰花的高洁。第二个便是“燕姞梦兰”的故事，说燕姞只是一个地位低贱的女子，一日梦见他的祖先给她一棵兰花，告诉她这兰花将来会是你的儿子，你现在收下她之后，别人就会像爱兰花一般的来爱你，而后当时的国君郑文公爱上了这位叫燕姞的女子，并以兰花作为定情之物娶了她，果然婚后为郑文公生下一子，取名为兰，也就是后来的郑穆公。第三个讲的便是屈原也喜欢兰花，赞美兰花，我们可以看到，碑里提到的“骚人，楚客”指的就是我们伟大的诗人屈原。由此我们可以看出兰花的确是有国色之资，所以才有了后来的“寄愿移根于上苑”，即搬到了皇宫受大家的赏识。介绍完这篇文章之后，我们不难想到其实孔子的遭遇就像兰花一样，一开始周游列国，虽有经天纬地之才却不被赏识，而后才被人们认可，受到大家的尊敬。因此把这篇《幽兰赋》放在祭拜孔子的文庙里，也是十分适合的。我们再看他的雕刻，说它绝是因为这位工匠的刻工了得，他把黄庭坚每个字的虚笔都刻得近乎完美，栩栩如生，十分难得。当然了，三绝”中最绝的还属黄庭坚书法，全文396个字，平均手掌大小，写得气韵横生，是50多岁的黄庭坚第一次被贬后奉召回京时书写的。他以一种前所未有的跌宕开阔、沉着刚劲的手法，来表现受冤平反后的心情及对兰花品格的向往。碑文中的字体奔放壮美，章法连绵，是黄书的代表作之一。

怎么样朋友们是不是觉得这块碑很值得一观呢，欣赏完我们文庙的石刻精华之后，下面我们来欣赏一下我们馆内的木刻精华，我们文庙的镇馆之宝，也是我们文庙的第4绝——至圣先师孔子神位。这块牌位是在明代嘉靖九年(1530)时制作的，已经有480多年的沧桑岁月了。根据史书的记载明世宗嘉靖九年，礼部议奏：“人以圣人为圣，圣人以孔子为至”。孔子是至贤，但毕竟是人臣，因而应当去掉“文宣王”的王号，改称“至圣先师”，准奏后，嘉靖帝就诏令全国，“去塑橡、设木主、罢封爵”，意思是说文庙以后都不准在供奉孔子像了，把孔子像换成孔子的牌位进行拜祭久可以了。而且嘉靖皇帝还颁布了各地制作孔子牌位的统一规格和标准。按照规定,孔子牌位必须是“高二尺三寸七分，厚七分，阔四寸，座高四寸，长七寸，厚三寸四分”。不能大，也不能小，规矩是相当严格的。以至于现在山东曲阜孔子庙内保持着的一块嘉靖九年制作的孔子牌位，其长宽高厚完全按照朝庭规定的尺寸而作。然而令人费解的是，我们资中文庙内的孔子牌位却忤逆了“天威”，光是通高就有八尺八寸六分，超出当时规定的3倍，它的宽是四尺二寸，厚度七寸五分，可以说是远远超出了嘉靖皇帝所颁布的孔子牌位的规格大小。其二便是按规定，牌位必须“朱地金书”，而我们现在看到的这块牌位却是金底黑字，正中的“至圣先师孔子牌位”是用黑漆写在金榜上的。可以说，这块牌位无论是从尺寸大小还是字体颜色上都没有按照当时皇帝的要求来制作，我们都很清楚在封建专制社会里，是最为忠君守道的。但是当时的这里的人们为什么偏偏如此大胆的顶风违命，抗旨不尊，公然的忤逆天威，炮制出了这么一块欺君之物呢?有人说或许是对资中文庙的一个特许，因为我们资中文庙的孔子像都是站着的。。。。。但事实上至今仍然没有人知道其中的来龙去脉，这也成为了我们华夏神州所有文庙中永远的未解之谜。此外，我们还可以看到此牌四周缕空雕刻着九条龙，二条凤，外围是以花瓣和海涛、龙凤缠绕其间，栩栩如生、呼之欲飞……可以说此牌构思巧妙，形态生动，技术精湛，气势恢宏，是不是令大家叹为观止呢?其实现在在山东的孔子庙里也有这么一块一般大的牌位，只不过那个牌位是清代才立的，而我们这块是明代就有了的，相比起来，我们文庙里的这块牌位不仅大，而且历史更悠久。现在我们还能看到它如此完好的保存下来，是十分不易和珍贵的。怪不得此牌被人们誉为“中华第一牌下面我们来到的是东庑，这里同样也陈列着各式各样的馆藏文物，我们现在看到的拓画，是从我们资中南宋时候出的宰相赵雄的墓里拓画下来的，这幅图的名字叫做“宰相出行图”当时发现的时候，墓里的图画都是彩色的，非常的漂亮。接下来我们看到的就是我们资中清朝光绪年间的状元骆成骧的照片。他17岁中秀才，28岁中举人，这块“经魁”匾就是他中举人的时候，送给他的外公的报喜之物。31岁时被光绪皇帝钦点，成为清朝唯一的川籍状元。这块“状元”匾就是在他中状元之时候，送给他的舅舅的报喜之物。这个“状元”匾上的“钦点”二字便指的是光绪皇帝的钦点，那么为什么光绪帝会钦点他为状元呢?我们可以开看看下面的文章，这是骆成骧在当时殿试的时候手写的《殿试策》。单从这篇字来讲就写的十分工整，如同现在的印刷一般，由此可见骆成骧的书法功底。据说当时光绪皇帝临轩侧问当下应如何治理国家的问题并要求大家畅所欲言，于是骆成骧就在这篇文章中写下了4个点来回答光绪皇帝所提出的问题，这4点分别是：整军练兵、兴修水利、例行节俭、惩治贪污。可以说这4点建议在历朝历代都是十分受用的，光绪皇帝看后十分喜欢，便钦点了骆成骧为状元。由于其出身于贫寒农家，中状元后骆成骧并没有做官，而投身教育事业，大力的兴办学堂。他在当时的京师大学堂(现在的北京大学)做过首席提调，后来回川以后创办了四川高等学堂，也就是现在的四川大学，所以我们现在看到的这份《殿试策》的原件就保留在了现在四川大学里。

走出东庑，我们现在要给大家介绍的就是资中文庙的核心部分——大成殿。大家请跟我来，这片宽大的平台是祭孔之时举行八佾盛典的地方。所谓“八佾”，是古代天子用的一种乐舞，排列成行，纵横都是八人，一共六十四人。诸侯只能纵横六人，叫“六佾”;大夫纵横四人，叫“四佾”。孔子是文宣之王，连皇上都要对他顶礼膜拜，当然要享受八佾之舞的最高待遇了。站在这个平台上，我们大家还可以看到对面的一座黄色的琉璃瓦建筑，那就是我们的资中“武庙”。现在现存的文庙是全国有29座，现存的武庙在全国有10座。文武庙并存且相距如此之近的在全国已经十分少见了，所以20xx年的时候，国务院就把这两座庙一并归为国家级重点文物保护单位。我们曾讲到我们资中文庙有5绝1奇，我们先前已经欣赏完了4绝了，那么剩下的一绝和一奇便是在我们的这做大成殿里面。请!首先大家看到的便是我们大成殿中心的孔子站像!这尊孔子站像高3.85米，底座1.2米，石像净重7吨。站像姿取的是唐代画圣吴道子绘的“至圣先师图”。它便是我们文庙里的一奇，为什么这么说呢?因为在全国的29座文庙里的孔子像全都是冠冕庄严的帝王坐像，原因我们刚才有讲到是由于孔子被封为“文宣王”，要享受帝王的待遇。而我们这里的孔子却塑得是站着的布衣像。很多人曾对此表示不解，为何我们资中文庙的孔子像是站像而且还是布衣的呢?我们都知道孔子曾“学琴于师襄，学乐于苌弘”。即是说向师襄此人学了琴，而后又向苌弘学了音乐。而苌弘又是我们资中人，根据孔子一直强调的“尊师重道”的思想，那么在老师的故乡孔子他便要站而不坐，以表示他对自己老师的尊重。我们可以看到孔子恭身而立，双手前伸上举，作“天揖之势”，生动地再现了作为万世师表的孔夫子彬彬有礼，尊师重教而平易近人的圣洁丰姿。其实呀，在南京的夫子庙里也有一座孔子站像，不过那尊站像仅立在门口不受祭拜，而我们资中文庙里的布衣孔子站像是全国独一无二的要接受祭拜的孔子站像，这也便使他成为中华一奇。

现在大家抬头看到的这10块匾，便是我们资中文庙的第五绝了。这10块匾里面有8块都是清代从康熙到光绪8个皇帝为孔子题写的。因为呀，当时康熙皇帝规定凡是要做皇帝的人都必须为孔子题匾，这样才能有资格，所以康熙帝便带头于康熙二十三年(公元1684年)写下了正中最高一块“万世师表”匾，意思是说千秋万世都要以孔子为师，以孔子为表率;第2块是雍正皇帝于雍正三年(公元1720xx年)题写的“生民未有”，意思是说至从世间有了生灵以来都没有再出现过像孔子这样的人物了;第3块是乾隆皇帝于乾隆三年(1732年)题写的“与天地参”，这里的“参”是第三的意思，就是说天为一，地为二，孔子为三;门口上面是嘉庆皇帝于嘉庆七年(公元1820xx年)题写的“圣集大成”，意思是说孔子是圣人，是集大成于一体的;然后依次是道光皇帝题写的“圣协时中”，意思时说孔子是圣人，他讲的中庸很能教育人;咸丰皇帝题写的“德齐帱载”，意思说孔子的道德学识用布都写不完，用车也载不完，以此来表现孔子的学富五车;同治皇帝题写的“圣神天纵”，意思是说孔子是圣人是神人，他的行为是天都要放纵的，表示孔子不受天地之约束;光绪皇帝题写的“斯文在兹”，它的意思是说如果要谈文化的话，只有孔子才能算得上有资格。这便是清朝8位皇帝为孔子提的匾，我们把它们统称为“八皇匾”。这些全都是万岁爷们的亲笔题词另外还有两块是国min党政府主席林森题写的“德配天地”、国min党总裁蒋中正题写的“道冠古今”。提起林蒋二位题字的匾额，“文革”开始后，在“破四旧”、“立四新”的极左思潮冲激下，难逃厄运，红卫兵准备砸烂此二块匾额。 这紧急关头，原县文管所所长杨祖垲急中生智，将二块匾额当着文庙大门安上，真乃天意，不长不短，不大不小刚刚合适。杨在上面涂上了红漆，并在大门正面写上毛主席万岁、共产党万岁，在大门背面写上“革命无罪”、“造反有理”的革命口号，才躲过了这场灾难。在打倒“四人帮”。召开了十一届三中全会后，才把这两块匾恢复原状，理直气壮地挂在文庙大成殿内。好了，对于文庙的介绍就到这里了，希望大家在这一次的游览中感到高兴。

According to historical records, Shanhaiguan has a history of more than 600years since it was built in 1381 ad. it has been an important military town inChina since ancient times.

Shanhaiguan City, about 4 kilometers in circumference, is a small city. Thewhole city is connected with the Great Wall, with the city as the pass. The cityis 14 meters high and 7 meters thick. There are four main gates in the city, andthere are a variety of ancient defense buildings. It is a city pass withrelatively complete defense system, known as "the first pass in the world". Thearchery tower, the most powerful one in the world, is the main body,supplemented by Jingbian tower. Linlu building. Muyinglou, weiyuantang,Wengcheng, dongluocheng, Great Wall Museum and other great wall buildings showvisitors the architectural style of ancient Chinese city defense.

The worlds first pass scenic spot takes Shanhaiguan city as the center,which includes Shanhaiguan City, Dongluo City, the "worlds first pass" tower,Jingbian tower, muying tower, linlu tower and the Great Wall Museum. Shanhaiguanis a cultural ancient city. The city walls of Ming Dynasty are basically in goodcondition. Most of the main streets and alleys are preserved as they are. Inparticular, there are still a number of courtyard houses, which make the ancientcity more elegant and simple. What makes the ancient city most colorful is theeast gate of Guancheng, which stands on the great wall and looks on the fourfields. On the second floor of the city building, you can overlook the panoramaof Shanhaiguan city and the wilderness outside the pass. Looking to the north,you can see the majestic appearance of Jiaoshan Great Wall in the distance; thesea in the south is also hazy. There are also Jingbian building, muying buildingand linlu building. Walking on the Great Wall will make you feel the greatnessof our ancestors and the extraordinary wisdom of the Chinese people.

Shanhaiguan scenic spot is a famous historical and cultural ancient cityand a summer resort with many places of interest, beautiful scenery and pleasantclimate. There are more than 90 places of interest with development andornamental value in the area. In 20__, Shanhaiguan scenic spot was rated as thefirst batch of 4A scenic spots; In 20__, the State Council officially listedShanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao as a national historical and cultural city,Shanhaiguan scenic spot. Taking the Great Wall as the main line, it has formedsix scenic spots, namely "old dragon head", "mengjiangnu Temple", "Jiaoshan","the first pass in the world", "Changshou mountain" and "Yansai Lake", all ofwhich are open to Chinese and foreign tourists. It is a famous tourist area athome and abroad. Among them: the the Great Wall of Shanhaiguan converged theessence of Chinas ancient the Great Wall. The East starting point of the greatwall of Ming Dynasty is the old dragon head. The great wall meets with the sea.The Great Wall has blue sea and Jinsha. The sky opens the sea and the mountain.It is majestic and majestic. It is known as "pinghan in the capital and thethroat of liaozuo"; Jiaoshan Great Wall is winding, the beacon tower isprecipitous and picturesque. Among the "eight scenic spots of Yuguan", the"mountain temple is rainy and sunny, Ruilian holds the sun" and the wonderful"Qixian Buddha light" attract many tourists. Mengjiangnu temple is a Chinesefolk legend, the moving story of Jiangnu seeking her husband. Xuanyang cave, thelargest natural granite cave in northern China, is like a paradise with strangecaves, strange rocks and gurgling springs. Yansai lake is a beautiful pearloutside the Great Wall.

It is said that the last word is not written together, but the person whowrote it throws it into the air full of ink.

徐州汉兵马俑位于东郊狮子山附近. 1984年12月，徐州东郊狮子山附近出土了4800多件西汉时期的彩绘兵马俑。这批分布于六条俑坑，总数四千多件的陶俑群反映了西汉初年分封在徐州的楚王国军队的整体建制。

步兵中既有官吏，又有普通战士如持长械俑，弓弩手俑，发辫俑等。车兵中则有甲胄俑和御手俑之分，对研究我国古代军事史有重要的意义。而由于作为楚王的陪葬俑，所有陶俑的面部表情则多表现得悲怆肃穆，展示了楚国工匠的杰出制作工艺和艺术表现力。

此次发现是继咸阳杨家湾西汉彩绘兵马俑、西安临潼秦代兵马俑之后的第三批重要发现。当地政府在原址建立起全国第二处兵马俑博物馆。展出的兵马俑分为兵士俑、官员俑、马俑、盔甲俑和跪坐俑等五类。

徐州狮子山共发现兵马俑坑六个，一、二、三号坑东西向平行排列，四号坑在一、二、三号坑东端，五、六号坑为骑兵坑，因地势较低，现已建成水下馆。其中以、二号坑以清理兵马俑两千多件，三号坑未清理。一、二、四号坑出土兵马俑2300余件，均为陶质，且有彩绘，但多数已脱落。陶俑的种类繁多，有车兵俑、步兵俑、骑兵俑等。

1991年7月，汉兵马俑坑的主墓即狮子山汉楚王墓被找到，1994-1995年被发掘清理。1996年，狮子山汉兵马俑坑与狮子山汉楚王墓一起被列入第四批全国重点文物保护单位汉楚王墓群。