寒号鸟的所有介绍(20篇)

大家好!我是梦幻旅行社的一名优秀导游.很荣幸,今天能带领大家一起去已被列入>的秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑游玩.那么现在我们就出发吧!

秦兵马俑坑是秦始皇的陪葬坑,由一号二号三号坑组成.今已建成博物馆.兵马俑排列成阵,气势壮观.兵马俑分将军俑骑兵俑武士俑陶马等.馆内还展出了大型彩绘铜车马.被称为世界第八大奇迹的秦兵马俑展示了古长安往日的辉煌.

现在我们已经到了目的地----一号坑.一号坑在三个俑坑中面积最大,东西有230米长,南北有62米宽,总面积有14260平方米呢!坑里的兵马俑也最多,有6000多个呢!

那么现在我就带领大家一起去看看类型众多的兵马俑吧!请大家在游览过程中不要乱丢垃圾,随地吐痰,破坏公共文物等........

看!这就是将军俑.它身材魁梧,头戴鹤冠,身上披着铠甲,手里还握着宝剑,看它那若有所思样子,好像在考虑如何打退匈奴大军呢!

那个兵马俑名叫武士俑.它身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚上还穿着前端向上翘的战靴,手里还拿着兵器,瞧他那神气的样子,准能把敌人吓的屁滚尿流!

看这个身披铠甲骑在马上的青年,就是骑兵俑,他手持弓箭好像在等将军一声令下,就去与匈奴大军作殊死拼博!

这个兵马俑是陶马,它的大小跟真马差不多,个个形体健壮,肌肉丰满.看它那跃跃欲试的样子,好像一声令下,就会撒开四蹄,腾空而起,踏上征程哩!

今天,我的讲解就到这,谢谢大家对我的支持与信任.拜拜!

游客们，你们好!今天让我来当小导游，带你们去游览我们湛江市的4a级风景区——湖光岩。

湖光岩位于湛江市西南部，湖光岩是湛江八大景点之一，也是全国著名的火山口旅游区。空气中富含负离子，有“天然氧吧”的美称。XX年还被评为“世界地质公园”。早上，一层白雾笼罩在湖光岩上，就像一个穿着白花花衣服的小女孩。中午，湖光岩金灿灿的，好像撒上了金沙。晚上，湖面上静得像一面镜子。

游客们，湖光岩不仅风景秀丽，而且还有一个美丽的传说。相传原来这里是没有湖的，只有一个小村庄，村庄里有一对相依为命的母子。儿子上山打柴不幸摔死了，老妈妈哭得死去活来，在朦胧中，老妈妈看见有一头小白牛来代她儿子耕种。从此，地里自动长出粮食。有一年大旱，小白牛拖来粮食给老妈妈。村民发现了白牛，把白牛抓住，并宰掉白牛，把牛肉分给各户充饥。老妈妈知道后放声痛哭，并把牛肉向上空扔去。牛肉腾空而起，飞向村外，老妈妈跌跌撞撞地追上去。天上突然掉下一根竹枝给她。追到桑田的时候，牛肉突然不见了。然后天崩地陷，雷电骤起，顿时村庄变成了江泽，老妈妈情急之下，把竹枝插入田中。顿时，洪水退了，只留下一个湖，这就是今天的湖光岩。当然这只是具有神话色彩的传说，实际上，根据地质学家的调查，断定湖光岩是20万年前火山爆发形成的。

请游客们细细欣赏湖光岩美丽的风景，希望湖光岩能给各位游客留下美好的回忆 ......

各位游客，大家早上好，欢迎大家随我从五大道游客服务中心出发，步行来游览五大道风景区，很荣幸担任这次的导游工作，我叫，大家叫我小X就可以了，在我旁边的这位司机师傅姓X，有着多年的驾驶经验，今天就由我和X师傅一同为大家服务，如果在此期间，您有什么问题或是困难，请尽管提出来，我会尽量帮您解决的。希望我的讲解，可以让您更加的了解和喜爱这和地方。

我们今天游览的“五大道”凝聚了近代中国百年的历史风云，已经成为天津小洋楼的代名词了。提起小阳楼，上海、青岛、厦门、武汉都有很多，但比起来，天津却是现存最多、保存最好、最为集中也是最出名的。其中，有一条重要原因，就是居住在其中的人不同寻常。天津租界的划定始于清咸丰十年(1860年)在外国殖民者的胁迫下，清政府屈服，签订了《北京条约》，天津被迫开埠，英国、法国、美国、德国、日本、奥地利、意大利、俄国、比利时就过相继在天津开辟租界地。(天津被迫成为通商口岸的时间和条约，以及九国租界分别是哪几个?)

“五大道”位于市中心的和平区，坐落于成都道以南，马场道以北，西康路以东，马场道与南京路以西的，一片长方形地区，共有22条道路，总长17公里，总面积1.28平方公里。名为五大道，实为六条道，分别为马场道、睦南道、大理道、常德道、重庆道、成都道。在这里有代表性的小洋楼就有230幢，较多的有英式89所，意式41所，庭院式46所，公寓式40所等等，堪称“万国建筑博览会”。

接下来大家请随我一同游览五大道，现在我们来到就是重庆道114号金邦平的旧居了，小洋楼是一个英式建筑，它的特点是红顶的瓦片，就是上面开有天窗，这是英式建筑的主要特点。金邦平曾任耀华中学的校长，这里已经成为办公用房。

我们继续往前走就来到了鸟语花香的睦南公园，睦南公园最早是英国人的苗圃，这里的花都是天津市市花月季花，这个公园的月季花全开的时候大概有一百多种。整个公园呈中西合璧式的，在这里有一个非常欧式化的长廊和中式化的八角凉亭。所以呈现出一个中西合璧式的景象。

我们现在走的就是五大道中最长的一条道路——马场道，因通往英国人的跑马场而得名，全长3216米。据不完全统计，在20世纪二三十年代就曾居住过两任总统，七任国务院总理或代理总理，还有数十位督军、市长等。美国第31任总统胡佛，在这也都有房产。我们现在来到的是马场道123号，海军总长刘冠雄的故居。此建筑非常奇特，就像一副望远镜一样。马场道121号，是马场道上唯一一个西班牙的建筑，始建于1920xx年，是英国商人——达文士的故居。现在看到的就是位于马场道117号的——外国语大学，此校原为工商大学，也曾是北疆博物院即天津自然博物馆的前身，创办人为法国学着黎桑。属于重要节点，可展开讲解。

我们继续往前走，现在我们来到的是大理道66号原居住的就是实业家——孙震芳的故居。因字润之，曾在此居住过，现在改名为润园。此建筑为西班牙建筑，此建筑的特点就是墙面上的拉毛式的波纹了。现在我们来到的就是大理道57号这座英式建筑就是“潜伏谍报博物馆”，其低调的风格反而让这座特殊的博物馆更显神秘。

接下来我们游览的是五大道上最漂亮的一条道——睦南道。睦南道28号是天津八大家之一李后人——李书福的旧居，此建筑为古典主义风格，是五大道上保存最为完好的原貌建筑之一。

我们现在来到的是五大道上最有名的一栋小洋楼——庆王府。庆王府是五大道上唯一的一座王府，位于重庆道55号，是一座部结构的中西合璧式楼房。1920xx年，清室第四代和硕亲王王载振，在天津寻找一处安宁舒适的宅邸，看中了小德张这套宅院。1920xx年冯玉祥发动“北京政变”，蒋逊帝溥仪赶出紫禁城。载振也从庆王府举家移居天津，直至1947年71岁的四世庆王在此病故。现在为高级私人会所。

到这里我们的游览就结束了，在这里大家随我看到了各式各样的小洋楼，相信这些也给您留下来深刻的印象。如有照顾不周的地方还请您多多原谅，谢谢大家对我的支持和配合，最后祝大家身体健康，工作顺利!

克孜勒苏介绍导游词

克孜勒苏位于新疆维吾尔自治区西南部，素有“无花果之乡”的美称，地处天山南麓，塔里木盆地的西缘。东邻阿合奇、柯坪两县、南接巴楚伽师、疏付三县，西止乌恰县，北与吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国为界。边境线长128公里。东西宽，南北狭窄，地势北高南低。最高海拔4562.3米，最低海拔1260.1米。北部为山区，南部为平原和谷地。市境地处中纬度欧亚大陆腹地，属暖温带大陆性干旱气候。其主要气候特征是四季分明，日照充足，干旱少雨，无霜期长，气温日振幅大。

阿图什市历史悠久，源远流长，是克孜勒苏·柯尔克孜自治州首府所在地。公元前60年（汉宣帝神爵三年）阿图什市境正式列入汉朝版图。曾是西域三十六国之一的蔬勒国的国都。二千多年来，市境的属辖历经变更，但始终是中国神圣领土不可分割的一部分。1938年，新疆省政府批准设立阿图什设治局，辖4镇6乡。1943年1月正式设置阿图什县，隶属新疆第二行政区。1949年9月阿图什县和平解放。1950年3月建立县人民政府。1954年7月克孜勒苏·柯尔克孜自治州成立后，划归其管理，并成为州府所在地。 1986年6月，国务院批准撤销阿图什县设立阿图什市。

阿图什市境内资源丰富。矿产资源和野生动植物资源较为丰富。水资源主要用于农业灌溉，博古孜河和恰克马克河是两大主要水系。金属矿有：铁、钛、钒、铜、金、铅、锌等十多种，非金属矿有湖盐、煤、磷、石灰石、大理石、云母、水晶石、石膏、莹石等。野生动物既有飞禽走兽，也有水中游鱼，种类繁多，分布广阔共有60余种，目前列入国家重点保护范围的有棕熊、仙鹤、猞猁、雪豹、长尾雉、天鹅、青羊、盘羊、狼獾、扫雪等。野生药用植物有党参、掌参、车前、青兰、独活、甘草、麻黄、野红花、黄连等。

阿图什市是一块尚待开发的宝地，历史和现实为今后的发展积累了宝贵而丰富的经验。市委和市人民政府依据阿图什市实际，制定出了“1995—20xx”年阿图什社会和经济发展远景规划，为全市各族人民绘出了蓝图，提出“以农业为本，发展园艺，种草养畜，矿业先行，启动工业，商贸兴市”的经济发展战略。阿图什市各族人民必将使这颗帕米尔高原的明珠焕发出更加璀璨的光彩，创造出一个光辉灿烂的明天。

暑假，我和妈妈去云南旅游八天。我们从小桥流水的江南出发，来到了地高天远的高原，感觉眼前的一切都是那么神奇，新鲜!尤其是丽江古城，更令我魂牵梦绕。

那天，从玉龙雪山下来，天色已晚，我们在丽江市的一个农家小园享用晚餐。餐毕，我们在导游的带领下，来到了古城。据导游介绍，丽江古城原名叫大研镇，古时候是高原上的重要集镇，在历史上既是茶马古道的重镇，又是通往印度的必经之路。由于商贾云集，贸易繁荣，丽江古城被人们誉为“东方威尼斯”“高原姑苏”。

走进丽江古城，脚踩着古老的石板路，路边“哗哗”的溪流声为我们伴奏，我们走到哪儿，溪流便跟到哪儿。那溪流变幻多端，有时像瀑布飞流直下，有时像小河静静流淌，有时像清泉汩汩而出。水是生命之源，鲜活的水流贯穿全城，仿佛是古城的血脉，给古城注入活力，使丽江古城更显灵动，更显年轻，仿佛一支不朽的高原神曲!

古城街道两旁，店铺林立，那灰瓦红柱，凌空飞翔的屋檐，精雕细琢的木窗，仿佛在向我们诉说着这个城市的悠久历史。我们在不同的店铺里驻足，逗留，展现在我们眼前的是玉的世界，银子的世界，看得我们眼花缭乱。

我最喜欢银器了，只要一看到银子散发出光芒，我就热血沸腾。在我眼中，银色是最高贵、最迷人的颜色。我轻轻摸过任何一件能摸的银器，感觉是那么惬意，我默默地想：如果我每天能看到这迷人的银器，与它们作伴该是一件多么美妙的事情啊!

在一家玉器店里，老板娘拿出了一块她珍藏多年的玉的原石。粗看没什么特别的，与普通的山石并无二致，可在老板娘的指点下仔细一看，果然发现原石中隐隐约约发出的绿色光芒。据说有赌石经验的人，就是根据这一丁点的蛛丝马迹，来判断这块石头是不是玉石。由此看来这世间任何有价值的东西，即使掩饰得再好，也总有光芒显露出来。我忽然想到我的一个老师曾说：“看准一个人就要善于捕捉他身上表现出的细节，譬如一个细小的动作，一个稍纵即逝的眼神。”果然是万物同理!

从丽江古城出来，我的眼睛，我的心，我的思想，都仿佛在向我诉说着它们的满足。丽江，果然无愧于那些美誉!

去年暑假，我跟家人去云南旅游，在云南的第三天，我们来到了丽江，游览这闻名中外的丽江古城。据说，这个古城以已有820xx年的历史了，它被列入了世界文化遗产，它是当今世界上保存比较完好的一个古城，吸引了世界各地的人来游玩。一想到要进入历史这么悠久的古城，我的心激动得都快跳出来了。

一进入古城内，哇!在我眼前展现出的是与外界截然不同的世界。石板铺成的小路，街道狭窄。房子也全都是古代风格的。用各种瓦片铺成的屋顶，勾心斗角。屋子的门上都雕有各式各样的花纹，有腾飞的龙，盛开的花儿，都雕的栩栩如生，十分精美，多么古朴的建筑。

在这里家家户户的门前都有清澈的小溪。溪水清澈的都能看见水里鲜艳的鹅卵石和翠绿的水草。河水清凉，可以洗手、淘米、洗衣等，我还用河水洗了把脸呢!水里不时能看见许多条黄色的鱼在游动。小溪边种了一排排的垂柳，婀娜多姿。溪边有许多家小餐馆、小酒吧。人们坐在那里悠闲得聊天。我和妈妈走累了，到了一家小酒吧休息，点了杯果汁。我坐在小溪边，一边喝果汁，一边欣赏风景。

古式的建筑，叮咚的泉水，古城的景色真美。

首先我代表白洋淀人民欢迎你的到来!我国有句古话"千年修的同船渡"，现在我们就将同乘一船去饱览白洋淀的美丽风光，看来我们是千年修来的缘份，所以大家一定要珍惜呦!在这里我还要提醒一下各位，一定要保护好自己的手机、照相机等，否则不小心掉到白洋淀里可就变成"落汤机"了。预祝大家度过一个愉快、难忘的白洋淀之旅!

现在我们的游船已经荡漾在美丽的淀区，现在我把白洋淀的概况和历史渊源给大家简要介绍一下：白洋淀位于河北省中部，总面积有366平方公里，是华北平原最大的淡水湖泊。传说很久以前，一个中秋之夜，天上的嫦娥偷吃了仙药，朦胧中飘然离开月宫，就在她即将落入凡间的时候，突然惊醒，随身的宝镜跌落下来，摔成了大大小小的143块，变成了大小不等的143个淀泊。您若不信，就请在中秋之夜到白洋淀来，您一定能看到美丽的嫦娥对着白洋淀梳妆打扮。当然这只是一个美丽的传说。其实白洋淀大约形成于一万年以前，是古雍奴泽遗址。白洋淀目前有大小143个淀泊，且各有其名称。或根据它的物产命名，如荷花淀、菱角淀;或根据它的形状命名，如葫芦淀、羊角淀;或根据它的历史传说而得名，如捞王淀、烧车淀等等。其中白洋淀的面积最大，因此而命名。

白洋淀的143个淀泊被三千多条沟壕所连接，河淀沟壕纵横相连，芦荡荷塘星罗棋布，水域辽阔，气候宜人，风景绝美，四季竞秀，水光天色，妙趣天成。春光降临，芦芽竞出，满淀碧翠;每至盛夏，"蒲绿荷红"’"岸柳如烟";时逢金秋，芦花飞絮，稻谷飘香;隆冬时节，坚冰似玉，坦荡无垠。一年四季，景随时移，气象万千，一派北国水乡风光。白洋淀水产资源丰富，鱼类达17科54种，鸟类有19科26种，盛产鱼虾蟹贝，莲菱藕芡，特产有青虾、绒蟹、皮蛋、鸭蛋、鸭肝、熏鱼等，所以素有"华北明珠"、"北地西湖"之称，有"鱼米之乡"、"日进斗金"之说。

白洋淀是华北天然的蓄滞洪区，四周有堤防围绕，它上承潴龙河、孝义河、唐河、府河、漕河、萍河、杨村河、瀑河及白沟引河等九条河，下通渤海，是华北最大的湿地，有"华北之肾"的赞誉。淀中有纯水村39个，生活着10万勤劳勇敢的人民。

新中国成立后，党和国家非常重视白洋淀的治理，以淀造福，以淀生财成了治理的主攻方向，淀区人民的生活芝麻开花节节高，一年更比一年强。1991年9月来白洋淀视察工作，欣然题词："华北明珠白洋淀"，为白洋淀的建设和发展掀开了崭新一页。

白洋淀地处燕南赵北，自古多慷慨悲歌之士，历史上不乏名臣硕辅、文人墨客、艺人工匠。关于白洋淀的文字记载，最早见于晋代辞赋家左思的《魏都赋》，书中写道"…掘鲤之淀，盖节之渊…"。掘鲤淀特指今天的白洋淀，北宋年间始称白羊淀，后因"汪洋浩渺，势连天际"，遂称白洋淀。据史志记载，北宋杨延昭曾在白洋淀屯兵御辽，现在境内的营、寨、口、垒等村名即来源于此;明成祖朱棣曾带兵到留通淀、莲花淀修筑台田，并在洛王淀边修建"乐驾台"记功;清代康熙、乾隆皇帝多次到过白洋淀，在端村、郭里口、赵北口、圈头等地修过行宫，康熙皇帝以"溪光映带"赞美白洋淀大淀风光。此外，众多文人墨客来白洋淀观光游览，写出大量的诗词歌赋，留下了许多千古传颂的奇闻逸事。

在抗日战争时期，白洋淀是革命老区。活跃在白洋淀的水上游击队--雁翎队，利用有利地形，驾小舟出入芦苇荡中，辗转茫茫大淀，谱写了一曲曲抗日救国的壮歌。他们打日寇、锄汉奸、端岗楼、打伏击，进行大小战斗70余次，击毙、俘获日伪军近千人。有31名雁翎队战士为了民族独立和祖国的解放贡献出了年轻的生命。一会儿我就将带大家参观雁翎队纪念馆。

现在您来到的是雁翎队纪念馆。参观之前，请允许我先给您诵读几段抗日战争时期在白洋淀流传的民谣：

雁翎队，是神兵，来无影，去无踪。汉奸心里直打颤，鬼子跺脚喊头疼。

雁翎队，是奇兵，端岗楼，像拔葱。淀头、刘庄、十方院，眨眼端个干干净。

雁翎队，是天兵，打了伏击打保运。水路切断运输线，旱路击毙杨文凤。

雁翎队，是子弟兵，白洋淀百姓最欢迎。群众是水他是鱼，鱼水相连骨肉情。

从这段民谣中，我们可以看出雁翎队是一支在中国共产党领导下的人民抗日武装。它令敌人闻风丧胆，它与人民血肉相连;它有无数传奇式的故事，它是一部生动的爱国主义教材。

这是雁翎队纪念馆的序厅。迎面屏风上的照片是原新华社副社长、中国摄影家协会主席、全国文联委员石少华同志，在烽火连天的抗日战争时期六进白洋淀所拍摄的照片，反映了白洋淀的旖旎风光。屏风西侧的画面是以淀区景色为背景，上面的歌曲是《雁翎队之歌》;东北侧，我们看到的是身姿矫健的雁翎队员正娴熟地驾驶小船划行在广阔的白洋淀水面上。从画面上，我们不仅看到波光粼粼的淀水，纵横交错的苇塘，而且欣赏到雁翎队员的勃勃英姿。

现在我们来到第二展厅。这里介绍了华北明珠白洋淀的总体情况(因在白洋淀综合导游词中有介绍，此处略)。各位游客，下面这个展室是以历史图片为依据，真实地反映了我国抗战爆发与冀中抗日根据地的建立。

第一组图片集中反映了1937年7月7日侵华日军对卢沟桥发动进攻，中国军队在卢沟桥上奋勇还击的场面，以及北平、天津、保定相继沦陷的情况。第二组照片突出反映了中共中央在陕北洛川召开会议，制定全面抗战路线，通过"抗日救国十大纲领"的情况，朱德同志号召全军指战员将抗战进行到底，毛泽东同志撰写了指导我国抗战的《论持久战》，八路军东渡黄河，投身于保卫祖国的抗日斗争中去。第三组照片反映了我军著名将领吕正操、孟庆山受中共中央派遣建立冀中抗日根据地。吕正操将军任八路军三纵队及冀中军区司令员，孟庆山任冀中军区副司令员。从此，冀中军民在中国共产党领导下，与侵华日军展开了一场荡气回肠的殊死斗争，而雁翎队便是这场斗争中开展水上游击战的重要组成部分。

在第五展室，我们怀着十分愤慨的心情看到侵华日军在白洋淀制造的许多惨案。请看，这是侵华日军在白洋淀决堤128处，致使千里田园变成汪洋一片，造成200万灾民无家可归;这是侵华日军在白洋淀实行"烧光、杀光、抢光"的三光政策后被洗劫一空的水乡村庄。日军的暴行与他们书写的"王道乐土"的标语形成强烈对比，这也正是对侵略者的无情讽刺。从展出的图表中，我们看到日军侵略者先后在端村、关城等地制造了一系列惨案。敌人的暴行，遭到白洋淀人民强烈反抗。在喇喇地村一名15岁女童被日军堵在屋里，奋起反抗，在其父与敌人搏斗时，抄起菜刀砍下敌人的脑袋。像这样奋不顾身保卫家乡、保卫祖国的事例在白洋淀屡见不鲜，这为雁翎队以后的成立和军民同仇敌忾抗击日本侵略者奠定了基础.

第六展室的重点是雁翎队的建立。

日本侵略者的暴行，激起了白洋定人民奋起反抗。为镇压白洋淀人的反抗，日军于1938年秋以"献铜、献铁"为由，强迫当地猎户交出土枪土炮，这对以渔猎为生的猎户来说，等于掐断了他们的生命线，因而猎户十分愤怒。针对这种情况，中共新安县三区区委书记徐建、区长李刚义赶到猎户集中的大张庄村，召集猎户开会，揭露日军收缴猎枪的阴谋，号召组织抗日武装。当场有22名猎户报名参加，并自带枪排、大抬杆、火枪组成了由陈万任队长的抗日武装。因为火枪和大抬杆的引火处易被水打湿，所以插上雁翎。又加上猎户过去行围打猎时，小船行驶像雁翎群飞翔的"人"字形，因而当时的县委书记侯卓夫便为这支队伍起名为"雁翎队"。

大家请看，这是大抬杆、火枪、枪排子和鹰排子，大抬杆、火枪射出的铁砂，杀伤力极大，枪排子、鹰排子灵活快捷，是雁翎队战斗用的武器和船只。

这些照片是雁翎队初建时的几位领导和队员。当时雁翎队员驻扎在芦苇丛中，对这种生活情况，雁翎队员的形容是：

"天当被，地作床，芦苇是屏障。喝的淀中水，吃的人民粮!咱是人民子弟兵，打败鬼子保家乡。"

第七展室介绍的是雁翎队水上战斗情况。

雁翎队成立后，主要任务之一就是开展水上游击战，伏击日伪军过往船只，截断敌人的水上运输线。本展室的照片集中反映了雁翎队员听取上级指示，袭击敌船、俘获日军以及对俘虏实行人道主义救治等活动的场面。

我们从这里可以看到雁翎队员利用战斗空隙时间进行军事训练的情况。他们练泅渡，搞演习，察地形，讲战斗，不断提高作战本领。请看第一组照片是雁翎队员实弹演练情况;第二组照片是雁翎队员实施渔战结合的情况;第三组照片是摸察敌情，为下一步战斗作好准备。

第八展室详细介绍了雁翎队对敌斗争的另一条战线--端岗楼、拔除敌人的据点。

敌人在水区不少村庄建起了岗楼，妄想遏制雁翎队的活动。然而魔高一尺，道高一丈。雁翎队以智取胜，利用敌人内部矛盾分化瓦解，里应外合，端掉了敌人一个个岗楼，挫败了敌人封锁雁翎队的阴谋。

第九展室的主要内容是惩处汉奸，为民除害。

在全民奋起抗战的同时，也有一些民族败类卖身投靠敌人，为虎作伥，残害百姓。在中共安新县委领导下，成立了除奸团，对那些效忠敌人、罪不容赦的汉奸和叛徒，坚决预以镇压。当时，白洋淀流传着雁翎队除奸团三英雄的民谣："要打抢，找田章;要爬城，找杜鹏;要仗胆，找熊管"。田章，枪法极准，百步之内，说打哪，就打哪，无一失误。一次，在枪毙汉奸时，汉奸突然起身向苇地逃窜。田章把枪一顺，喊了一声："打太阳穴!"话出口，枪声响，汉奸应声倒下。验尸时发现，子弹正中汉奸太阳穴。

第十展室的主要内容为雁翎健儿冰上战斗情况。

数九寒天，白洋淀上到处是"千里冰封，万里雪飘"雄壮场面。日伪军企图利用芦苇已收割，雁翎队失去天然屏障的机会，疯狂围剿雁翎队。而雁翎队在白洋淀人民的支持下，创造了"土坦克"、"冰上轻骑"等水上交通，作战工具，巧妙与敌人周旋，让敌人马队无法踏冰，步兵坠入冰河。本展厅的照片都是反映雁翎队冰上战斗场面的。

十一展室的图片使我们看到雁翎队是人民的子弟兵，群众与雁翎队血肉相连。

在如火如荼的抗日战争中，白洋淀人民全力支持雁翎队斗争。他们为八路军、雁翎队缝制棉衣，破冰捕鱼慰问子弟兵，他们不顾个人安危掩护雁翎队，为伤员喂饭，护送伤员到后方医院。

十二展室是反映抗日军民取得抗战胜利的欢快场面。

"1943年，环境大改变，白洋淀的岗楼端了多半边……"这首民歌唱的是1943年以后，白洋淀对敌斗争形势有了很大改变。到1945年，英雄的雁翎队配合主力部队全线出击，解放新安城，彻底摧垮了盘踞新安的敌人。时隔不久，抗战取得了最后胜利。

展室内展示的图片包括雁翎队侦查地形、攻打新安城，火烧敌人在新安的最后据点(原天主教室)，以及雁邻队的光辉战绩和乘胜前进等多项内容。从照片中，我们可以看到曾猖狂一时的侵华日军头目冈村宁次在投降书上签字的垂头丧气的神态。历史是无情的，正义战争必胜，非正义的侵略战争必败，这是一条颠扑不灭的真理!

十三展室集中展示革命传统在白洋淀地区得到发扬光大。

雁翎队精神激励着一代又一代的白洋淀儿女顽强奋斗，自强不息。在社会主义现代化建设征程中，他们英姿勃发，投身祖国建设，展示了崭新的时代风采。

请看老雁翎队员孙革、李全、刘海文、赵波、李志坤等人，正在神采奕奕地为各地群众、战士和前来白洋淀旅游的客人讲述当年雁翎队战斗故事。雁翎队英勇无畏的精神鼓舞着下一代，也推动了白洋淀地区的经济发展，安新县源兴电力安装有限公司在北京、天津等大城市电力安装工程中发扬"能战斗、肯吃苦、不惧险、迎难上"的精神，做出重大贡献，被誉为"空中雁翎队"。这张照片就是弘扬雁翎精神的源兴电力工人在高空作业的情况。

十四展室：英雄的雁翎队在中国人民抗日战争中，用自己的青春、鲜血、生命书写了光辉一页，一代雁翎英烈的牺牲更是名垂青史。

请看，这是曾为雁翎队命名的原中共安新县委书记侯卓夫的事迹专版;这是雁翎队长陈万烈士的专版。下面还有雁翎队烈士邸芝科专版及部分雁翎队员名单。

下面一组是党和国家领导人深切关怀雁翎队、关心白洋淀的照片。仅就现有的资料，我们可以看到朱德总司令、聂荣臻元帅、杨成武将军、吕正操将军来白洋淀视察时的珍贵照片。

另一组照片则是我国著名的作家、诗人、资深的新闻工作者先后为雁翎队拍摄的照片，创作的小说、电影。孙犁在《荷花淀》中为我们描绘的头顶荷叶伏击日本鬼子汽船的游击健儿、月光下织席沁着新鲜荷叶荷花香的水生嫂，早已成为人们难忘的形象，"荷花淀派"便由此而生;孔厥、袁静描述的英雄儿女事迹，激励着一代又一代青年人;徐光耀塑造的"小兵张嘎"形象，为无数儿童和成年人所喜爱。这些脍炙人口的文学作品，铸就了白洋淀一个文学时代的辉煌，成为我国现代文学发展史上一道绚丽奇特的景观。

各位朋友，如果说中国人民的抗日战争是汹涌澎湃的人民战争的海洋，那么雁翎队就是汇入这个海洋的一股河流;如果说中国人民抗日战争是一支气势磅礴的抗日交响曲，那么，雁翎队在抗日斗争中，便是这支交响曲中的一个重要篇章。雁翎队在抗日烽火硝烟中诞生，在血与火交淬中成长壮大。我们为有雁翎队这样的优秀中华儿女而骄傲，我们也一定要继承雁翎队的光荣传统，在社会主义新时期做出应有的贡献，无愧于英雄的雁翎队，无愧于为中华民族解放而捐躯的先烈!

现在我将要带领大家去游览昆明著名公园——翠湖。现在让大家猜猜这个湖为什么叫翠湖吧。。。

翠湖公园位于昆明市五华山西麓，原名菜海子。亦因湖东北曾有九个出水泉眼，又名“九龙池”。昆明翠湖水光潋滟，绿树成荫，楼现波心，环境优美，是昆明城内的一颗绿宝石。

在明朝，镇守云南昆明的沐英曾在翠湖建别墅。那时候湖面宽阔，与滇池相通。清初，盘踞云南的吴三桂填湖修筑王府，到他的孙子吴世瑶又把西部辟为花园，昆明翠湖公园面积锐减。康熙年间，云南巡抚王继文在湖心岛建“碧漪亭”，在北岸建“来爽亭”，这里便成了昆明游览的风景区。后来经过不断的修建，到1867年同治皇帝御赐“妙莲涌现”匾额时，翠湖已成佳景。

正如凌士逸在莲花禅院的对联所云：“十亩荷花鱼世界，半城杨柳佛楼台。”联中所讲的荷花、游鱼、杨柳、楼台，就是昆明翠湖景观的主要特色。近几年，昆明有关部门经大力修整，翠湖公园四季碧水悠悠，游人可尽兴荡舟嬉耍。春有万千垂柳滴翠，夏有碧叶红荷吐艳，秋有百花争艳，冬有棕榈青青。登舟畅游，仿佛进入如诗如画之境，览江南水乡春色，其趣无穷。夜晚，昆明翠湖灯火五彩迷离，树影婆娑，只见恋人成双成对，倘佯于花间月下。昆明翠湖鱼多，并建有观鱼楼，观鱼楼挂着一幅清代黄奎光写的对联：

有亭翼然，占绿水十分之一;何时闲了，与明月对饮而三。

此联写得情景交融，洒脱超然，多次被选入“全国风景名联”。昆明翠湖观鱼楼四周亭台参差，迥廊蜿蜒，飞檐翘角，金碧辉煌，其间小桥流水，杨柳依依，具有浓郁的江南园林特色，实为园中之园。近几年昆明翠湖又新辟了儿童乐园、溜冰场、哈哈镜展览、九龙池。还经常举办各种展览，是昆明市民休息和娱乐的好去处，每天从早到晚游人如织。

特别值得一提的是每年冬春时节，上万只红嘴鸥云集昆明翠湖，成千上万的人投食喂鸥，人与自然和谐相处，皆大欢喜，展现了昆明人保护野生动物的美德，国内外游客也纷纷仿效之。

现在正好是冬天，昆明人的老朋友红嘴鸥又回到了昆明，大家可以在湖边买专门投食喂鸥的面包来喂喂这些可爱的红嘴鸥们。

好了，现在就让我们去体会这一份人和自然的和谐吧

欢迎大家来到天津海滨浴场!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下天津海滨浴场。

天津海滨浴场位于天津塘沽区高沙岭海滩，距塘沽市区23公里，此处海滩平坦坚实，沙质细腻，水质良好，融游泳、娱乐、赶海、健身、海洋科技活动为一体，是绝好的消夏避暑之地。

从高空俯瞰，整个海滨浴场如同一只巨形的网球拍。浴场里建有我国海滨规模最大的冲水滑梯，高15米，有3个直滑道和2个旋转滑道，以及专为儿童设计的冲水滑梯，炎炎夏日，在清清海水中嬉戏，真是一件惬意的事。在大坝上的观潮台，备有舒适的软椅，既可在此小憩，又可尽观潮起潮落，每逢潮水退却之时，还可以越过浴场围坝，到沙滩上捡拾贝壳，运气好的话，捡些个小蟹小鱼作晚餐时的佐酒菜，韩语导游词，更是别有情趣。

海滨浴场附近服务设施完善，无论是具有民族特色的仿古式宾馆，还是帐篷营地，都不失为理想的下榻之地。在沙滩上边上，可以见到许多小店，风格各异，可以买到各类旅游纪念品。

尊敬的领导：

我是xx班的一名学生，我叫。经高中几年的勤奋学习、奋斗拼搏，我在今年高考中获得了分的好成绩，并被xx大学录取，看着通知书，我感到很欣慰，心中的喜悦难以言说。可一看那高昂的学费和自己的家庭，对大学，学生只能望而却步了。

我出生于xx县xx乡xx村的一个农村家庭。家里有爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈，还有姐姐和我，六个人挤在不足60平方的经常漏雨的土坯方老房子里。爷爷、奶奶年事已高，有时生活不能自理，且经常患病。姐姐现在大学一年级结束了。平时放假，姐姐很少回家，靠在外面做临时工积攒生活费。而这个假期，姐姐也不回来了，在外面打工筹备下一年的学杂费。即使如此，家里仍欠下了几万元的债务。

更不幸的是，在前一段日子，妈妈在干活时滑倒了，导致左小腿处脚筋断裂，第一次手术后，又因伤口发炎，不得不再做第二次手术，高昂的手术费使本就不富裕的家庭雪上加霜，而家里唯一的劳动力爸爸也是积劳成疾，病痛缠身，所有这些让作为子女的姐姐和我看在眼里，愁在心里，好几次，姐姐都向妈妈提出了退学的请求，可都被妈妈坚决的骂了回去。妈妈常说：“即使再苦再难，我们也要将你们供出去.....”现在我也考上了大学，但想着校园里的朗朗书声，我却不敢想象我去大学后，家里又会变成什么样子。

所以，特向尊敬的各位领导申请贫困资助，希望大家能帮帮我，帮帮我的家庭，您的恩情我会永远记在心里，我一定会努力完成学业，并用我最切实际的行动回报社会。谢谢您！

希望得到你们的帮助为盼！

此致

敬礼！

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

青岛的美丽，美在其海。我光着脚丫走在细细的沙滩上，欣赏着那无边无际、海天一色的大海。海水平静时，像一面透明、透亮的玻璃镜;海水奔腾时，犹如一排排整齐的哨兵庄严地在主席台前走过;海水咆哮时，俨然是一只怒吼的大猛狮，卷起千层浪，往海滩扑来。海鸥忽高忽低地飞在海面上，为海滩增加了亮丽的风采。海滩吸引了众多的游客，有的在阳光下玩沙滩浴，有的在碧蓝的海水里游泳，打水仗，还有的在海边挖沙堡，冲洗脚，更有趣的是，有人在海里和小狗一起快乐地游泳，这使我大开眼界，知道了什么叫做狗刨……看着别人玩得那么开心，我也忍不住地在海滩上采了许多五光十色的贝壳，有时海水趁我不注意跳到了我的脸上，逗得我哈哈大笑，我还玩了挖沙堡。我走在海水里，海水不断的拍打着我的小脚丫，一个浪紧接着一个浪。在海滩上留下一串串脚印，一个浪花打了过来，那一串串脚印居然消失得无影无踪……

青岛的美丽不仅在其海，而且在其山。这里有道教发祥地之一崂山。它被海水环绕着，群山起伏，青山绿水，远看山峰像被一层薄纱披盖着，犹如仙境。我们主要参观了太清宫，里面有三大殿：三清殿、三宫殿和三皇殿。这里长着许多奇异的树木：如三合一树，三棵不同树种合并成一棵高大的树;黄莲树、银杏树、茶花树，还有带着传奇色彩的痒痒树，一摸树干，树叶就动;龙头树，听说一摸，就可以带来好运，我摸了好几下……还有很多叫不出名的树。山上有很多奇形怪状的石头，有的远看像一位和尚，有的像青蛙仰望天空，还有的特别有意思，正看像乌龟，反看像老鼠……

青岛的美丽，美在其环境。这里的环境幽雅、街道干净，空气十分清鲜，空气里几乎没有杂质，花草树木极多。

青岛的美丽，美在其经济腾飞。这里有着名的海尔集团、双星集团和青岛啤酒。

重庆枇杷山公园位于渝中区，海拔345米，为重庆旧城区最高点。其山名来历，一说早年该山多枇杷树，故名;二说其山形似琵琶，遂谐音“枇杷”;三说相传从前山上住过一位美丽的姑娘，每夜弹着琵琶召唤她在南岸的爱人，音乐极其美妙，后人怀念之传为山名。

枇杷山公园内山路蜿蜒、竹木成荫、花草繁茂、空气清新，为都市中一片绿洲。登临其最高点红星亭，可纵览市区风光，更是观山城夜景的好去处。

红星亭东长廊处，是抗战时期抵御日机轰炸重庆的高炮阵地遗址。站立枇把山公园红星亭，条条长街尽收眼底，南临长江，北面嘉陵江。虽然渝中区三面环水，仅一面靠陆地，但有彩虹飞架南北，使隔江相阻的南岸区、江北区天堑变通途。

重庆枇杷山公园里还有一副对联，高度集中地描述了山城的英雄历史。联文如下：

枇杷山头，听两江流水唱不尽古今豪情：蔓子悲歌，玉珍遗恨，邹容亮节，闇公壮志;更高吟一曲沁园春，响彻环宇。

红星亭畔，看万家灯火交映出南北风光：龙门皓月，海棠烟雨，鹅岭秀色，嘉陵夕照;还联缀千串夜明珠，辉耀星空。

上联连用了五个历史典故。

“蔓子悲歌”讲的是东周故事。巴国危急，蔓子将军到楚国搬来救兵，解除了巴国的危难。楚王要巴国割让三城谢恩。蔓子说：“要城不行，把我的头拿去作谢吧。”于是挥剑自刎。楚王见了人头，叹惜说：“假如我能得到巴蔓子这样的将才，拿城何为?”以上卿礼仪埋葬了蔓子的头。巴国也以上卿礼仪厚葬其身。

“玉珍遗恨”说的是1357年，农民起义领袖明玉珍，率领红巾军攻入重庆，以此为根据地，建立了夏国。到1366年，正图大举，可惜病逝。

“邹容亮节”——邹容，重庆巴县人，是一位才华横溢、敢想敢为的革命青年。18岁撰写的《革命军》，震动全国。为推翻腐败无能的清政府作了有力的宣传和鼓动，不幸被清政府勾结英租界巡捕房逮捕，牺牲前，坚贞不屈，年仅20岁，被国人誉为革命马前卒，后被孙中山追封为大将军。

“闇公壮志”——杨闇公，早期的中共四川省委书记。他于1920xx年“三·三一”大惨案中，被国民党反动派杀害。在临刑时，作悲壮演说，壮志凌云，气贯长虹。

“沁园春”说的是1945年，毛泽东不顾个人安危，从延安飞到重庆，与蒋介石进行和平谈判，在红岩村书写了举世闻名的《沁园春·雪》一词。

大家好!欢迎各位来到号称“世界遗产”的丽江古城参观、游玩。

我们随着悠悠的玉泉水，就来到了被称为“高原姑苏”和“东方威尼斯”的丽江古城。丽江古城又叫大研镇，它是保存最好的四大古城之一，也是其中唯一没有城墙的古城。为什么呢?据说是丽江最早的统治者姓“木”，如“木”加框，就变成“困”，因此就没给古城建造城墙。

古城形成于南宋后期，已经有八百多年的悠久文化历史了，面积3.8平方公里，常住人口约三万人。1986年成为国家级历史文化名城，1997年又被列入世界文化遗产。丽江古城除了同苏州古城一样具有“小桥、流水、人家”的特色外，还在古城选址、街道和房屋布局、纳西民居等方面别具一格。

看!那位纳西族老人，他穿着传统的蓝色民族服装，头戴红军帽，在悠闲的散步，呀!还向我们招手呢。

好凉快呀!原来是身后的水龙柱喷出来的泉水，龙是管水的，而古城里木建筑最怕火，但水能克火，这水龙柱预示着不让古城着火的意思。千百年来，这里的人们守护着这座美丽的古城。也请各位游客爱护古城，不要乱扔垃圾，保护环境。

丽江古城还有一个特别的习俗，那就是放河灯。放河灯是一种古老的习俗，据说每天晚上，黑龙潭的龙王会顺着河水巡游古城，放一盏河灯，不仅能保护古城的平安，更能使自己和家人得到龙王的保护，并在今后日子里吉祥如意、心想事成。听了这一个传说，大家赶快放一盏河灯，许一个心愿吧!

现在，我们来到了丽江古城最有名的街道——四方街。这条四方街如蛛网般交错，东南西北各有一个出口。街道的地面是由五彩石铺成的，非常坚固，你用脚踏上去，就会发出非常清脆的声音。四方街非常繁华，街上的客栈没有相同的，如果你在客栈上转几圈，你绝对会知道这些客栈的不同之处。

玄武湖的荷花有白、红两种，红的似霞，白的如雪，谁看了都会陶醉。盛开的荷花有十多片花瓣，半开的荷花像一盏盏灯笼，最可爱的是那花骨朵儿了，小小的，圆圆的，逗人喜爱。一阵风儿吹来，荷塘里亭亭玉立的荷花姑娘们摇着身子翩翩起舞，有趣极了。随风而来的不仅是那荷花的舞姿，而且还送来了一阵阵令人心旷神怡的淡淡的清香。

春天，荷花种子一个个在淤泥里发芽长叶，夏天，碧绿的荷叶和墨绿的茎顶着各种各样的荷花破水而出，清新极了，真是“出淤泥而不染，濯清莲而不妖”，是啊!难怪南京人这样喜欢荷花呢!荷花美，荷叶也不甘示弱，它虽然不如荷花一般美丽，却以它默默无闻的精神打动了人们。荷花家族全是宝：根、茎、叶、花、花蕊都是中药，为病人治病，为人类作贡献。

《黄羚羊》和《红樱桃》都是南京培育出的荷花新品种，它俩在20xx年全国第十九届荷花展中分别获得一、二等奖。南京的《红灯笼》荣获碗莲栽培技术一等奖。南京的荷花在我的心目中是最美的!

Hunan province is located in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, the majority of areas in the south of dongting lake, the name of hunan. Within the territory of the xiangjiang river runs through north and south, and hunan for short. Allegedly, the xiangjiang river basin in the past more than planting lotus, the tang dynasty poet Tan Yongzhi have "autumn wind wan li furong country" of words, so it is called the "lotus" of hunan. Sichuan hunan jiangxi province in the east, west, south which the guangdong, hubei province in the north.

The dongting lake plain is located in the north of hubei province. East range Mimi, yueyang, west to LinLi, changde, taoyuan, yiyang, Joe, XiangYin mouth, south to the north to the south of jingjiang reach of hubei province. Covers an area of 12690 square kilometers (hunan province). At an altitude of 30-50 meters. Long-term deposition of dongting lake, lake of exposed the fluvial alluvial plain. The dongting lake plain and south-central es on the plain of jianghan plain, hubei province, is one of the three great plains is an important part of the Yangtze river plain.

River in hunan province, do so more than 5 km river in 5341, the total length of 90000 km, the basin area in more than 5000 square kilometers of the river article 17. Except a few of the pearl river water system and the gan river in the province, mainly in hunan, endowment, yuan and li four water and its tributaries, along the terrain into dongting lake from the south to the north, the city ling angeles into the Yangtze river and dongting lake water system formed a relatively complete. The largest rivers in the xiangjiang river in hunan province, is also one of the seven major Yangtze river tributaries. Dongting lakes largest lakes in the province. The lake across hunan and hubei provinces. In 1644-1825 in dongting lake area of 6270 square kilometers. In 1937, covering 1937 square kilometers. 1983 measurements, dongting lake water is only 2691 square kilometers, less than half in 1825. Due to the increasing lake sediment loads, 28 years, from 1949 to 1977 in dongting lake shrink 85500 mu per year on average.

Hunan is a minority more provinces, are back, tujia, miao, zhuang, manchu, dong, yao, Mongolian, uygur, yi, Tibetan, Korean, etc. 26 ethnic minorities.

Changsha in hunan province is located in the eastern north of hunan province, the xiangjiang river downstream, jing railway line, the east and jiangxi tonggu, over load, yichun, pingxiang border, south to xiangtan and zhuzhou city, west and loudi and yiyang region adjacent, north borders on yueyang area. Changsha is the provinces political, economic, cultural and transportation center, one is one of the famous historical and cultural city by the state council. About seven thousand years ago, changsha has the original ancestors reproduced here. The name of changsha began in the western zhou dynasty. Dynasty period to the southern town of chu, qingyang, the qin dynasty unified the rear changsha county, the early western han dynasty set up changsha kingdom, han, jin and southern dynasties, changsha as the slag in the county, sui xingsha, tang for tam states, the five dynasties and ten states for capital, and chu yuan to tam state road, and another day in the road, the Ming and qing dynasties for changsha office, set up in 1933 in changsha city. Since the qing dynasty, changsha calendar for hunan. On August 4, 1949, changsha peaceful liberation.

After the founding of new China, this economic development soon, has now formed by mechanical, textile, light industry, chemical industry, building materials, food and other industrial comprehensive industrial system, the main products are cotton, cigarettes, industrial pump, blower, coal, steel, cement, etc., traditional industrial products, changsha, hunan embroidery, liuyang grass cloth, firecrackers, chrysanthemum stone, copper officer, pottery, etc. Agricultural and sideline products is given priority to with rice, pig, fish, tea, citrus, tea oil, rapeseed and other also.

Hunan province rich in mineral resources, is the national important mineral base, known as "the hometown of nonferrous metals," said, nearly is known as "the hometown of non-metallic" again.

A lot of places of interest in hunan, yueyang tower, dongting lake, yuelu academy, writing, as pavilion, orange chau, shaoshan MAO zedongs former residence, xinmin society, water pool revolutionary memorial hall, self-study university site, site of liuyang Wen Gu city meet site, comrade liu shaoqis former residence, residence of comrade Yang Kaihui, lei feng memorial hall, etc., and hengshan, zhangjiajie national forest park, etc.

列位旅客伴侣们各人好，我叫钱奕中。本日我带各人旅行八大事迹之一 ——秦戎马俑。到了哪里请你们不要在上面刻字。但愿各人能舒畅的渡过这一天，也能感觉到这秦戎马俑的魅力。

各人应该已经看到这秦戎马俑的局限弘大。秦戎马俑总共有三个俑坑，我各人猜一猜秦戎马俑的面积有几多?A。 一千平方米。B， 两千平方米。C。一万平方米。D。两万平方米。哈哈!猜不出来吧!汇报你们，谜底是d。三个俑坑共计戎马俑八千。最大的是一号俑坑，对象长230米，南北宽62米。总面积14260平米。

戎马俑不只局限弘大，并且范例浩瀚，本性光鲜。

你瞧，谁人头戴鶡冠，身披铠甲的人是谁呢?那就是仰面挺胸，身段魁梧的 将军俑。

军人俑身高一米八，体格结实，身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，手持武器，脚蹬向上翘起的战靴，整装待发。

骑兵俑上身着短甲，下身着紧口裤，右手持缰绳，左手持弓箭，经验交流，仿佛随时要上马冲杀。

陶马有声有色，仿佛一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，踏上征程。

由于戎马俑范例浩瀚，我就纷歧一给各人说了。

下面我给各人讲一个关于秦戎马俑的故事： 楚霸王项羽入关后，以30万人盗掘秦陵。有只金雁在发掘进程中飞了出来。到三国时期，那一只金雁还在。近代有些学者指出：鲁班已会造出木雁，以是秦国工匠虽然能造出金雁了!

秦戎马俑游览完了，请各人自由抚玩，留意要掩护情形，感谢各人!

各位朋友! 大家好!欢迎来到古城长沙的岳麓书院参观游览。

岳麓书院坐落在风景胜地岳麓山清风峡口，在岳麓书院的前门上有一块“千年学府”的匾，是根据唐代大书法家欧阳洵的字镌刻而成的。为什么说岳麓书院是“千年学府”呢?因为岳麓书院由潭州太守朱洞创建于宋太祖开宝九年，也就是公元976年，距今1027年了，它历经千载，办学不已，所以有“千年学府”的美称。岳麓书院不仅历史悠久，而且培养了一代又一代经世济民的人才，是湖湘学派、宋明理学的发源地。它在历史上几度辉煌，受到皇室重视，成为中国古代一所颇有影响的高等教育机构，与江西白鹿洞书院、河南嵩阳书院及睢阳书院并称中国古代四大书院。

从前门走进来，可以看到赫曦台，这是古时候酬神演戏的舞台。朱熹在岳麓书院讲学的时候，常常很早就爬起来跑到岳麓山顶去看日出;看到日出就拍手欢呼“赫曦、赫曦”，意思是红红的太阳升起来了，后来张拭就在这里修了一个台，取名“赫曦台”。

大家来看一看这台中屏风上绘着的岳麓书院平面图。岳麓书院占地25000多平方米，沿中轴线由南向北排列着前门、赫曦台、大门、二门、讲堂和御书楼;在中轴线的西边建筑有供读书之用的教书斋和供休息赏玩的园林碑廊;在中轴线的东面建有供学子食宿的半学斋和奉祀古圣先贤的文庙祠堂。

我们现在来到了讲堂。在公元976年书院初创之时即有“讲堂五间”，是讲学的中心场所，后来因为朱熹写了“忠孝廉节”四个大字石刻，所以又称“忠孝廉节堂”，大家看到的是清朝重修后遗留下来的建筑。

通过参观这两块御赐匾额，进一步了解了岳麓书院的历史地位和作用。其实在晚唐以后，虽然书院日益成为有别于官学的一种教育机构，但其办学的规模、层次不尽一致，同样都叫书院，有的仅相当于我们现在的小学甚至学前班，而岳麓书院是高层次的书院，它的讲学者多为全国名流大师，而学生也要经过考试和推荐才能选拔入学，像“千年学府”、“四大书院”之类美誉，对于岳麓书院来说实在是当之无愧的。要知道，岳麓书院比法国的巴黎大学早280多年，比英国的牛津大学也要早300年呢。

好，这里有一个问题，为什么在讲堂中间，老师授课的讲坛上会摆设两张椅子，而不是今天的一张椅子?请大家动动脑筋，猜猜看。

参观完御书楼之后，沿回廊右转，发现在草木掩映之中有一片青墙黑瓦的小院落，这里是奉祀理学大师及岳麓书院培养的部分高足生徒的祠堂，大家看见的船山祠是纪念著名的学术大师、思想家王夫之老先生的，他与黄宗羲、顾炎武并称为明末清初三大家。王夫之不到20岁就进岳麓书院读书，深受当时山长吴道行经世致用的传统学风影响，他后来结社著书，评议朝政，又在衡阳揭竿起义，举兵抗清，直至晚年以笔杆为武器，潜心著述，无一不是岳麓书院“经世致用”的传统精神的最好体现。

浔阳楼因九江古称浔阳而得名，初为民间酒楼，至今已有1200多年历史，雄距江畔的浔阳楼也历来是名人云集之地。如：白居易、韦应物、苏东坡等等，都曾登楼题吟。留下许多脍炙人口的佳话，更因施耐庵写下一部《水浒》，其中一位主要人物——宋江浔阳楼醉酒题反诗，随着名人名著流芳百世，浔阳楼也蜚声海内外。

浔阳楼是一座具有典型宋代建筑风格的楼宇，又是一个集游览参观、品茗听书、饮酒用餐于一体的旅游景点。由全国佛教协会会长、书法家赵朴初题写的“浔阳楼”匾额赫然高悬，“世间无比酒，天下有名楼”这幅古老的楹联则吸引着无数游客驻足。爱好书画的朋友还可以在楼内欣赏到多幅出自名家之手的书画作品和诗词楹联。

浔阳楼以其独特的风格吸引着南来北往的游客，随着九江的飞速发展，随着世界文化遗产——庐山声誉的提高，越来越为世人所瞩目，古老而又年轻的浔阳楼，必将以其丰富的文化内涵成为长江边上的一颗璀灿的明珠。

九江浔阳楼导游词5

浔阳楼因九江古称浔阳而得名，初为民间酒楼，至今已有1200多年历史，雄距江畔的浔阳楼也历来是名人云集之地。如：白居易、韦应物、苏东坡等等，都曾登楼题吟。留下许多脍炙人口的佳话，更因施耐庵写下一部《水浒》，其中一位主要人物——宋江浔阳楼醉酒题反诗，随着名人名著流芳百世，浔阳楼也蜚声海内外。

浔阳楼是一座具有典型宋代建筑风格的楼宇，又是一个集游览参观、品茗听书、饮酒用餐于一体的旅游景点。由全国佛教协会会长、书法家赵朴初题写的“浔阳楼”匾额赫然高悬，“世间无比酒，天下有名楼”这幅古老的楹联则吸引着无数游客驻足。爱好书画的朋友还可以在楼内欣赏到多幅出自名家之手的书画作品和诗词楹联。

浔阳楼以其独特的风格吸引着南来北往的游客，随着九江的飞速发展，随着世界文化遗产——庐山声誉的提高，越来越为世人所瞩目，古老而又年轻的浔阳楼，必将以其丰富的文化内涵成为长江边上的一颗璀灿的明珠。

Zhangjiajie is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of HunanProvince of the peoples Republic of China, formerly known as Dayong. It islocated in the northwest of Hunan Province, in the middle and upper reaches ofthe Lishui River, and belongs to the hinterland of Wuling mountains. Chinesemainland is one of the most important tourist city in China.

Friends: I believe you are not unfamiliar with Tianmen Mountain. The worldaerobatics Grand Prix held in November 1999 completed the feat of human flyingthrough natural karst caves for the first time, and the name of Tianmen Mountainsuddenly entered the worlds vision. How many people hope to have a glimpse ofTianmen Mountain. Today, you finally get what you want!

Tianmen Mountain is about 8 kilometers away from the south of ZhangjiajieCity. The top of the mountain is 1.93 kilometers wide from north to South and1.96 kilometers long from east to west. It covers an area of 2.2 squarekilometers and has an altitude of 1518.6. It is different from Wulingyuanssandstone peak forest landscape by its well-developed karst landform. It is aplatform shaped isolated mountain surrounded by cliffs.

Tianmen Mountain was called Songliang mountain in the Han Dynasty. In theThree Kingdoms period, a door was opened on the wall of the mountain. Sun Xiu,king of Wu, regarded it as an auspicious omen and renamed it Tianmen Mountain.Tianmen Mountain is a masterpiece of nature. In the long geological history, ithas experienced marine sedimentation rising to continental sedimentation,forming a high mountain, and suffered hundreds of millions of years of wind andrain erosion, especially the Triassic Yanshan movement. At the end of theCretaceous, the large-scale Himalayan orogeny further uplifted the TianmenMountain, which was cut into isolated mountains by two fault canyons, resultingin a great height difference between the high mountains and the valley, with aheight difference of more than 1300 meters within a few kilometers, thuscreating the majestic momentum of the isolated peaks of the TianmenMountain.

Tianmen Mountain is a mysterious carrier of historical culture and Buddhismculture, and a perfect combination of natural landscape and human landscape.

In order to speed up the process of tourism development in Zhangjiajie,Tianmen Mountain is in the process of large-scale development and construction.Some scenic spots have not been officially opened; the worlds longest ropewayand Tianmenshan temple are under construction.

(Tianmen cave) on the 1264 meter high cliff of Tianmen Mountain, there is anatural gate cave from north to south. It is 131.5 meters from the bottom to thetop, 37 meters wide and 30 meters deep. On the top edge of the north side of thecave, there is an inverted dragon head bamboo with roots like dragon head andleaves like phoenix tail, so it is also called Phoenix Tail Bamboo. On the eastside is a trench more than 200 meters high, with spring water flowing from aboveand falling plum blossom rain. It is said that anyone who can open his mouth toreceive 48 drops of plum blossom rain can become an immortal. At the entrance ofTianmen cave, you can often see rock swallows flying and mountain Eaglescircling. With the change of weather, Tianmen cave sometimes breathes clouds,sometimes it is clear like a mirror, which forms a cyclic and ever-changingmeteorological landscape.

So, how did Tianmen cave form? Geologist Mr. Qin gongjiong thought that itwas the result of "funnel" dissolution. He thinks that the terrain on the eastside of Tianmen cave inclines slightly to the west, while the terrain on thewest side inclines slightly to the East, and the core of syncline is facingTianmen cave road. The East and west walls are cut by two joints with a strikeof about 320 degrees, and a joint with a strike of 40 degrees intersects withthem at Tianmen cave. Two karst funnels at the top of the cave also play animportant role in the karst process. After the rain falls, the surface waterflows along the slope to the funnel, and part of the water flowing into the soilflows down the interlayer cracks of the stratum towards the core of thesyncline. The long-term continuous dissolution process makes the local collapse,and finally makes the two groups of caves merge into one, forming the Tianmencave.

However, some people disagree with this: the Tianmen cave was formedaccording to this principle. Why is the base of the cave a huge platform? Canthese rocks "collapse" out of the cave? Therefore, the formation of Tianmen caveis still an unsolved mystery.

(Tianmenshan Temple) Tianmenshan temple was first built in the TangDynasty. It was called Yunbo temple, Lingquan courtyard and Songliang hall inancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, due to improper site selection, it wasrepeatedly destroyed by wind and often suffered from water shortage, soTianmenshan temple was moved from the eastern peak. It used to be a place withtowering ancient trees and thick shade. The lintel of the ancient temple isengraved with the four characters "Tianmen Xianshan". The couplet on both sidesof the gate is: "there is no night in the sky, and there is no mountain on themountain. It is said that Li Zicheng wrote a book by Ye Fu. The entrance is theGreat Buddha Hall, behind which is the Guanyin hall, with six bungalows on bothsides. The last one is the ancestral hall, which is of great scale. Folk can besummarized as "three into the hall, six ear room, brick wall, iron pot, such asKuang". The original architecture of the temple is very particular, withcornices and angles, carved dragons and painted phoenixes, and statues ofBuddhas and Bodhisattvas. There is also a big drum, a big bell, a seven levelstone tower and a Dahua money stove. According to the inscriptions, Tianmenshantemple was repaired seven times during the 163 years from the Qianlong period ofthe Qing Dynasty to the fifth year of the Republic of China. At that time, therewas an endless stream of believers from more than ten counties along the borderof Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. Now Tianmenshan Tourism Co., Ltd. isrepairing Tianmenshan temple on a large scale, and the former prosperity willreappear.

(longtouyan) its called longtouyan. In the past, there were stone tapsthat could be turned on the collapse. Longtou rock faces a cliff. It is saidthat in the past, many pilgrims, in order to show their sincerity in praying forGod and worshiping Buddha, held the dragons head in their hands and made acircle around the cliff. As long as they were sincere, they would guarantee younothing. Later, the dragon head was lifted off the cliff. Now we can only seethe stone pit where the dragon head was placed. Longtou rock is the best viewingplatform for sunrise and sea. Li Jing, the magistrate of Yuezhou in the MingDynasty, wrote a poem praising Tianmen Mountain

The mountain reaches its peak, and the gate of heaven is within reach.

Looking up at Penglai under the red sun, looking forward to Lufu whiteclouds.

Cangya abrupt pine fir ancient, Qujing remote horse trace empty.

If you want to build the highest peak, flying must rely on the skywind.

(chisongfeng gold pool) this small pool is about 1.3 meters long, 0.6meters wide and only a few centimeters deep. No matter how dry it is, the waterwill not dry up all the year round. It is said that this is the gold pool ofchisongzi, the rain master of Shennong emperor in ancient times. Under thenorthern cliff, there is a peak like Danzao peak, which is called Danzao peak.At the top of the peak, there are clouds and mist, like the smoke rising fromthe stove. It is said that it is a stove used by red pine nuts for alchemy.There is a poem by predecessors: "in the past, there were immortal places. Therelics are left in Danzao, and they often come and go. " There are thunder caveand electricity cave under the peak of Danzao. It is said that in addition tousing the water from the golden pool, the red pine nut can reach a certaindegree of fire with the help of thunder and electricity.

There are a lot of strange things in Tianmen Mountain, but the truth is notclear. Among them, there are four ancient mysteries, which have been handed downfrom generation to generation, and no one has solved them. The first is themystery of Tianmen opening, the second is the mystery of Guiguzi developing, thethird is the mystery of turning the water on the top of the mountain, and thefourth is the mystery of wild Buddhas treasure. It is said that under the beechtree is the treasure house of the wild Buddha. In the chapter "Tianmen Mountain"in the local records of Yongding County written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty,it is said that "in the Ming Dynasty, the wild Buddha flew to this mountain fromJiashan temple. The wild Buddha was a bandit. After the incident, he cut off hishair and became a monk. He escaped from heaven. "

(ghost Valley cave) it is said that when Li Zicheng took Yefu up themountain, he took more than 100 people and horses and many gold and silvertreasures, hired nine wooden boats to sneak into Dayong secretly against the LiRiver, and went up Tianmen Mountain unconsciously. This time Yefu became a monk,he didnt really want to become a Buddha. Instead, he "sleeps" every day and"draws his sword to the altar" to "restore the Central Plains" and "wipe out thewhole world" one day. However, the situation took a sharp turn, the peasant armycollapsed, the Qing government was established, and Yefu finally died ofanxiety. It is said that before he died, he scattered all the treasures he hadbrought and hid them in several secret places in Tianmen Mountain. And poisonedall the migrant workers to death. For hundreds of years, I dont know how manybandits, pilgrims and mysterious monks of Tianmen Mountain have come to Tianmento worship. In fact, they have come back empty handed to peep at the terrain andsearch for treasure. Where the treasure is hidden is always a mystery.

Standing on the cliff 300 meters away, there is an inverted trapezoidalcave with trees at the entrance and waterfalls flying out of the cave. It issaid that Gui GuZi, a famous scholar in the Warring States period, once studiedthe book of changes in the cave wall, and devoted himself to practicing martialarts, creating the world-famous "ghost Valley magic skill". There is also asecret collection of Wulin, Tianmen 36 Tianchi, which is called Guigu cave bylater generations. Guiguzi was the founder of the Political Science in theWarring States period. His main work, maneuvering tactics, is known as awonderful book, which studies how to defeat each other by means of union ordivision in politics and diplomacy. Historians say that a history of the WarringStates period chaos is derived from Guigu cave, which shows that Guigu Zi isvery good. Luo Fuhai, a man of Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "ghost Valleycave": "peach blossom and flowing water go floating, smile into the clouds, andvisit the cave deeply. Hermit flow more buried surname Yu, vertical andhorizontal skills actually immortal. On the wall of the Dao script, sealcharacters are left, and lead is cremated in the furnace. I heard Jun playingmusic in my ears, and a waterfall fell to the top of ten thousand peaks. "Xixiping and guanliping at the foot of the mountain are famous places for hardQigong. Qigong master Zhao Jishu has visited European countries many times andwon honor for his motherland.

From the end of 1980s to the 1990s, Li Guangyu, a veteran of Chisongvillage at the southern foot of Tianmen Mountain, had been let down for sixtimes to investigate the cave. Once, when exploring the cave, he occasionallytook pictures of Guiguzis face studying the book of changes with his camera.This is a profile image with a five sense organ Gallery, which is clearlydistinguishable. It is similar to the picture of Guiguzi, which has been widelyspread so far. Whether the image of Guiguzi is so vivid is accidental orcoincidence, or Gods intentional arrangement, which has become a mystery ofTianmen Mountain.

(aerial garden) please note that there are many exposed stone buds andstone forests on both sides of the trail. They are high and low in differentshapes, like a line to welcome us. This is another remarkable feature of thekarst landform in Tianmen Mountain. There are many stone buds and stone forestson the top of the mountain, which are distributed in the middle of the denseforest, forming a unique and primitive air garden. They are like labyrinths oneby one, and they are also like the eight array pictures of Pushuos confusionand changes. Tourists travel through it with unlimited interest. Folk legend hasit that anyone who can successfully pass through these labyrinths will be ableto pass through the so-called forty-eight gates of all living beings. Myfriends, you may as well have a try now. I wish you a smooth life.

(Li Nas cabin) this seven shaped cabin is the house of Li Na, a famoussinger. In May 1997, Li Na finished singing a song "Qinghai Tibet Plateau", andsoon disappeared. The news media couldnt find her everywhere. It turned outthat she had come to Tianmen Mountain. After living for a few days, she wasattracted and shocked by the magical Tianmen Mountain, and soon made twodecisions: one is to officially move her registered permanent residence toYongding District of Zhangjiajie, where Tianmen Mountain is located; the otheris to build a house for herself on the top of Tianmen Mountain. On June 6, 1997,Li Na officially became a citizen of Yongding District. It was said that Li Nawas going to build a house in Tianmen Mountain. The people were very happy.Without saying a word, they lifted wood and bricks from the foot of the mountainto the top of the mountain, which was more than 1500 meters high. A month later,the house was built. In her "nest", Li Na made the third decision that shockedthe world: to become a monk! Before long, Li Na unconsciously studied Buddhismin Mt. Wutai, Shanxi, and changed her name to shichangsheng. Before she leftTianmen Mountain, Li Na sang "Ode to sister-in-law" for Aunt Hu, who had beenwaiting on her for nearly a month. Then she opened her voice and sang "TianmenMountain", a three and a half degree poem "tailored by her assistant" for her,in order to bid farewell to her second hometown.

Tianmen Mountain

Approaching you, for the eternal oath,

Approaching you, for that distant dream,

What makes my heart so peaceful,

I finally saw Tianmen Mountain

Friends, why did Li Na become a monk and settle down in Tianmen Mountain?Its not clear in a few words. Its up to you to decipher the mystery of Li Naslife.

It is said that the first time Guiguzi went to Tianmen Mountain was fromganziping to laodaowan, from the cliff to the top of the mountain, and then toguigudong. Under the cliff, there is still a chain.

(overlooking Tianmen) standing here, you can overlook Tianmen cave facingnorth and Tongtian Avenue being built by Tianmen Mountain company. It was herethat CCTV crew 6 filmed the amazing scene of the plane passing through theTianmen gate during the world flying race in November 1999. Its more than 200meters from Tianmen cave.

Tianmen Mountain, like Zhangjiajie, is a national forest park with richvegetation. About 500 mu of primary secondary forest is preserved at the top ofthe mountain. According to the investigation, there are 532 species of vascularplants in 134 families, 353 genera. 95% of them are broad-leaved forests. Therare tree species under state protection include Davidia involucrata, Xiangguo,Lianxiang, Acer palmatum, Acer Sanguinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Torreya grandis,silver Finch, etc. In this primary secondary forest, along this path, we willfind many rare tree species. This is Acer Sanguinalis. The cortex on the surfaceof the trunk is blood red. In autumn and winter, the bark on the surface of aslightly older tree splits in large pieces and adheres to the trunk. It is thinand looks like shaking scales. This is Carpinus. Carpinus is a new family ofvegetation species on earth. It was first discovered in Tianmen Mountain byProfessor Lin Yuanwang of South China Forestry University in 1998 and named"Dayong Carpinus" by the authority of the State Forestry Department. This is athousand year old tree called "Carpinus king", which needs to be embraced by twopeople. Carpinus Carpinus is hard and can be used as farm tools and furniture.It can extract rubber and extract oil from seeds.

(Davidia involucrate Bay) Davidia involucrate is known as the "livingfossil" of plants. It is an extremely precious tree species in the world. Thedistribution of Davidia involucrate communities is especially rare at the top ofhigh mountains with an altitude of more than 1500 meters. However, large-scaleDavidia involucrate communities have been found in Tianmen mountain and Badagongmountain. There are more than 100 Davidia involucrata trees in this area, so itis also called Davidia involucrata Bay. Davidia involucrata is like a dove. Whenit blooms in June, its branches are like doves with wings spreading to fly.There are also Gastrodia elata, Huanglian, Danggui, qiyeyizhihua and otherprecious medicinal plants in the forest. In 1984, the forest farm workers founda unicorn with only one horn on its head in this area. Its whole body is numbgray and the size of a calf. On the mountain, we also found two monkeys, about10-13cm long. Historical records: Mi monkey, also known as Haba monkey, is smalland can be hidden in the sleeve.

(Lingquan courtyard is the site of Yunbo nunnery) the Lingquan courtyard islocated on the back of Yunmeng Mountain, facing the southwest from thenortheast. The original building has two rooms and three rooms, facing the sunfrom the Lee. The environment is very beautiful. At the end of Tang Dynasty andFive Dynasties, Zhou Pu, a scholar, retired here. In 1975, under the ancienttrees in front of the site, a seven star bronze sword with inscriptions on thedragons head was excavated. The inscription is "emperor xuanzu of TianmenMountain". Together with four bronze Bodhisattvas, it was identified as acultural relic of the Tang Dynasty and a national first-class cultural relic.Emperor Xuan should be a Taoist. It is said that the Tianmen bronze sword wascollected by monk Danzi during the reign of Li Heng, Emperor suzong of TangDynasty. It is a treasure of Zhenshan. It is said that monk Danzi is the firstabbot of Tianmen Mountain Buddhist temple, which proves that there is aprecedent of integrating Buddhism and Taoism in Tianmen Mountain, and Puguangtemple in the city is a typical example of the confluence of Buddhism,Confucianism and Taoism.

(Yunmeng Summit) Yunmeng summit is surrounded by cliffs on the East, Westand north sides, with three natural viewing platforms on the edge. Looking downfrom here, you can see the housing streets in Zhangjiajie City and the gulliesand peaks on both sides of Xianren river. There are also three sister peaks ofchaotianguan in the northwest, and mountains in Yongshun, Cili and Yuanling inthe distance. It really has the feeling of "looking at the small mountains" and"Lishui is as thin as intestines". It will be a great pleasure to watch the seaof clouds here. The rolling clouds, like empty huge waves, are surging, givingpeople a heroic way to conquer mountains and a detachment from the world.

(Tomb of Zhoupu) Zhoupu was a scholar of the Late Jin Dynasty in the FiveDynasties. In order to avoid the war at that time, he lived in seclusion inLingquan courtyard of Tianmen Mountain for entertainment. At that time, thefather and son of Ma Yin and Ma Xifan, the kings of Chu, who ruled the Southseparately, admired his talent and learning, and invited Zhou Pu out of themountain many times, but he politely declined, and later died in TianmenMountain. His tomb is surrounded by a ring of natural stone teeth. In front ofit, there are three arched stone buildings. After the collapse, there is a tomb.Zhou Pu tomb is an important historic site on the mountain. Zhou Pu wrote inTianmen Mountain

Good morning, beautiful ladies, handsome gentlemen and lovely children.Welcome to the summer resort in Moli. Im the guide of Fengcai travel agency,Xiao Mingyu. You can call me Xiaoyu. I am honored to be able to enjoy thisbeautiful scenic spot with you. Next, I will lead you to enjoy this beautifulroyal garden.

Did you know that Chengde summer resort is the imperial palace of ancientChina, located in Chengde City, Hebei Province. In December 1994, it was listedin the world cultural heritage list. There are Rehe spring, plain area and otherbeautiful scenic spots. But I want to remind you not to litter.

Attention, we are going to see the lake area. This is the beautiful lakearea, with a total area of 496000 square meters and eight different lakes. Thatis, West Lake, Chenghu, Ruyi swimming, Shanghu, etc. There is an island in thelake called "Moonlight River sound". Every night when the moon goes to Dongshan,the bright moonlight shines on the lake, which is very beautiful. There are somany lakes and so beautiful islands that you might as well enjoy their beauty byyourself. But beauty is beauty. We must pay attention to safety and gather ontime!

After 30 minutes, everyone pay attention to the assembly.

Next, we are going to another scenic spot, which is very famous! This isthe largest palace of Chengde Summer Resort - Wanhe SONGFENG hall. EmperorKangxi met officials here, read memorials, read and write. Emperor Kangxi oncebestowed "Wanhe SONGFENG" lying on the side of the summer resort to EmperorQianlong, the fourth son of the emperor and the fourth son of Prince shuoyong,Hongli. Later Hongli succeeded to the throne and nominated this hall as jienhall.

Dear friends, this tour is over. Thank you for your cooperation andsupport. I wish you all the best in your work. Welcome to come again nexttime.

《清明上河图》除了描绘东京繁华的城市以外，还表现了远郊的田园风光。秀野园中稻菽飘香，鸡犬相闻，农家风味十足。在瓜棚柳巷之下烧烤、野餐另有一番自然情趣。13勾栏瓦肆

亲爱的游客，前边那座看似简陋的草棚就是北宋时特殊的民间艺术舞台——“勾栏瓦肆”。

在这里，要向大家介绍一下北宋城市制度的概况。随着生产力的不断发展和社会文明的不断进步。北宋的城市制度也发展到了相当高的水平。由于人口众多，城市居民生活就变得

丰富多彩尤其打破了唐代“坊”与“市”的界线，也就是居住区与商业区相分离的制度，坊市合一，相互渗透。人们在居住区就可以进行贸易，不需要再像《木兰辞》中所写的“东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭”那样东奔西跑了。在这种大环境下，勾栏瓦肆就应运而生了。据史书记载，当时流行的评书、相声、杂技、口技、相扑、傀儡戏、皮影戏、般杂剧、弄虫蚁等民间艺术就在这里表演，所以通俗地说，它就是普通市民的娱乐场所，也可以称得上是现代歌舞剧院的前

咱们直走就来到了鸿福寺。北宋时佛教盛行，仅东京开封就有佛寺913座。当时的佛寺分成两种，一种是由皇帝赐匾额的合法佛寺，另一种是没有匾额的非法寺庙。在《清明上河图》中，这里只画了一间山门，一个和尚披着佛衣站在门口，并没有标明寺院的名称。我们建园时，考虑到北宋东京开封香火最盛的是东鸿福寺和西鸿福寺，于是就把西鸿福寺建造在这里。鸿福寺在当时不仅是烧香拜佛的佛寺，也是春天踏青的休闲胜地。元代孟元老《东京梦华录》中第六卷就提到，当时的人们在元宵过后，春天来临之时一定会到鸿福寺等地踏春游玩。

您进寺后，在您右边的东殿是武圣殿，里面供奉着武圣关公;在左侧的西殿是百子堂，供奉着送子观音，正面大殿为观音殿，殿内供奉的佛像是特别请开封大相国寺的高僧开光的，以保佑天下众生。