长城和运河课外阅读答案汇集20篇

各位游客：大家好，今天由我来担任你们的导游员。我叫梅俊波，欢迎来到中国十大名胜古迹之一的万里长城。它是中国伟大的军事建筑，它规模浩大，被誉为古代人类建筑史上的一大奇迹。它主要景观有八达岭长城、慕田长城、司马台长城、山海关、嘉峪关、虎山长城、九门等。

今天我们到的是八达岭长城。它是长城中保存最完好，最具有代表性的一段。这里是重要的前哨，海拔高度1015米，地势险要，历来是兵家必争之地。站在长城上，往远处看，它像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。大家请看，这墙和地面都是用巨大的条石和城砖筑城的，再请向右边看，城墙外沿有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有射口和瞭望口，供瞭望和射击用。大家请继续往前走，那一座座方形的城台，打仗时城台之间可以互相呼应。听了这些，长城肯定在你们的脑海中留下了深刻的影像吧!

这万里长城还有一个动人传说—孟姜女哭长城。据说新郎范喜良新娘孟姜女正要入同房时，被官兵抓去到长城做工了，好端端的喜事变成了一场空。孟姜女悲愤交加，曰夜思念丈夫。她想在家里干着急，还不如去长城找他，一路上不知经历了多少风霜雨雪，跋涉过多少险山恶水，凭着顽强的毅力，凭着对丈夫深深的爱，到达了长城。却始终找不到丈夫，询问起民工有没有范喜良。民工说：“已经死了，尸首已填了城脚。”孟姜女听到这个恶耗大哭起来。哭了三天三夜，哭得天昏地暗，连天都感动了，越来越阴沉，风越来越猛，只听见“哗啦”一声，一段长城被哭倒了…这个传说有趣吗?

接下来大家自由活动，一小时后到这里集合。活动期间，你们要注意安全，不要把塑料袋、矿泉水瓶、废纸、果皮等乱扔，要保护长城的整洁。

天色已经不早了，今天的游览到此结束。明天还有更美的风景等着我们，希望各位好好休息，养精蓄锐，我们明天见。

长城导游词

大家好，今天我带大家去游览万里长城，我很高兴，希望大家也要保持一个愉快的心情。

现在，我们已经来到万里长城。大家请注意，不要在城墙上乱涂乱画，不要乱扔垃圾，以免给后来的游人留下不好的印象。

我来介绍一下万里长城吧!万里长城始建于公元前5世纪春秋战国时期，当时，诸侯国们为了防御各国互相攻打，所以修筑了万里长城。公元3世纪，秦始皇统一了中国，派蒙田率领三十万大军北击匈奴后，为了防御匈奴再次攻打秦国，所以把原来分段的长城连接起来，筑成西起临洮，东至辽东的万里长城。其后历代不断维修扩建，到公元前17世纪中叶明代末年，前后修筑了二千多年。

现在的万里长城多指明代修建的长城，它西起甘肃的嘉峪关，东到辽东的鸭绿江边。其中山海关至鸭绿江边一段约长二千公里，现已全部毁坏，但山海关到嘉峪关一段，大部分仍然保存下来。城墙平均宽五米，可容五马并骑，十人并行。内侧砌成高约一点五米的矮墙，外侧砌成高约一点五米的墙垛，墙上的了望口是用来了望敌军军情的，射击眼是用来架枪和作文

和大炮来射击用的，排水沟和吐水嘴是用来排水的。在关口和险要的地方设有凸出的罗城，

还有供传递军情的烽火台。这些设施就在这儿，大家可以摸一摸、观察观察。作文

大家请沿着万里长城向前看，就会发现万里长城规模宏大。一次修筑用的砖石如果用

来修筑一道厚一米，高五米的长墙，这道长墙足以环绕地球一周而余;如果用来修筑宽五

米，厚三十五厘米的马路，那就要环绕地球三四周。如果包括历代的重修和补筑，那工程

总量就要增加许多倍了。因此，以工程的艰巨浩大，则要居世界七大奇迹之首，为世界人

民所瞩目。现以列入《世界遗产名录》，是重点保护的文物。

万里长城是人类历史上耗费人力最大，时间最久，物资最多的建筑，它是一座稀世珍

宝和艺术非凡的文物古迹，万里长城像征着中华人民的坚不可摧、永存于世的意志和力量，

是中华人民的骄傲，是整个人类的骄傲。

单项选择题

1.按谈判中双方所采取的的态度，可以将谈判分为让步型谈判、原则型谈判和( B )。

A.软式谈判 B. 立场型谈判 C.横向型谈判 D.价值型谈判

2.在商务谈判中，双方地位平等是指双方在( C )上的平等。

A.实力 B.经济利益 C.法律 D.级别

3.价格条款的谈判应由( B )承提。

A.法律人员 B.商务人员 C.财务人员 D.技术人员

4. 商务谈判的核心内容一般是( C )

A.质量 B.付款 C.价格 D.交货

5.便于双方谈判人员交流思想感情的是( D )

A.主场谈判 B.客场谈判C.书面谈判 D.口头谈判

6.可以说，( D )型的谈判没有真正的胜利者。

A.让步 B.原则 C.价值 D.立场

7.国际商务谈判中以( C )为基本目的和主要评价指标。

A.信誉 B.信息C.经济利益 D.良好的交易关系

8.强调成文法作用的法律规范是( C )

A.国际商法 B.仲裁规则C.大陆法 D.英美法

9. 谈判中能使对方让步的最有效的武器和策略是( B )

A.示弱以求怜悯 B.创造竞争条件C.软硬兼施 D.最后通牒

10.谈判队伍的人数规模一般在( B )人左右。

A.2 B.4 C.6 D.8

11. 商务谈判中需要使用通则议程的谈判方是( C )

A.买方 B.卖方 C.双方 D.中介方

12.谈判中的报价是指( D )

A.价格 B.目标价格C.价格策略 D.提出交易条件

13.在缺乏谈判经验的情况下，进行一些较为陌生的谈判，谈判人员应采取( B )的让步方式。

A.坚定 B.等额 C.风险性 D.不平衡

14. ( B )是商务谈判必须实现的目标。

A.最高目标 B.最低目标 C.可接受目标 D.实际需求目标

15.视线接触对方脸部的时间正常情况下应占全部谈话时间的( B )

A.20%～30% B.30%～60% C.70%～90% D.无所谓

二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)

1.国际经济贸易活动中解决争端的普遍的、基本的方式是( BC )

A.第三方协调 B.仲裁 C.诉讼 D.贸易报复

2.谈判议程的内容包括( ABCD )

A.模拟谈判 B.时间安排 C.确定谈判议题 D.确定谈判人员

3.进行报价解释时必须遵循的原则是(

ABCD )

A.不问不答 B.有问必答 C.避实就虚 D.能言不书

4.选择自己所在单位作为谈判地点的优势有( B CD )

A.便于侦察对方 B.容易寻找借口C.易向上级请示汇报 D.方便查找资料与信息

5.在国际交往场合，谈判室座次安排原则有( BCD )

A.以左为上 B.以远为上C.居中为上 D.面门为上

1.按谈判中双方所采取的的态度，可以将谈判分为立场型谈判、原则型谈判和( B )。

A.硬式谈判 B.让步型谈判 C.横向型谈判 D.价值型谈判

2. 谈判成为必要是由于交易中存在( D )

A.合作 B.辩论 C.攻击 D.冲突

3. 国际商法的主要表现形式是( D )

A.条约 B.协议 C.习惯 D.判例

4.立场型谈判又称为( A )

A.硬式谈判 B.原则型谈判C.价值型谈判 D.让步型谈判

5. 从法律学角度来讲，谈判程序中没有约束性的环节是( A )

A.询盘 B.发盘 C.还盘 D.接受

6.从法律学角度来讲，正式谈判中必须经过的程序有( A )

A.发盘和还盘 B.发盘与接受C.发盘与询盘 D.询盘与接受

7.国际商务谈判中最首要的目的是获得( C )

A.信誉 B.信息C.经济利益 D.良好的交易关系

8. 可以说，( C )型的谈判没有真正的胜利者。

A.让步 B.原则 C.价值 D.立场

9.一般不公开调解或审理案件的机构是( C )

A.仲裁庭 B.法院C.行政主管部门 D.行业协会

10. 对谈判对手提出的问题，我方应该( A )

A.从正面回答所有问题 B.以问代答一时难以回答的问题

C.以最快的速度回答问题 D.彻底地回答每一个问题

11. 谈判小组中商务人员主要负责组织( B )

A.技术条款谈判 B.价格条款谈判C.法律条款谈判 D.金融条款谈判

12. 在缺乏谈判经验的情况下，进行一些较为陌生的谈判，谈判人员应采取( B )的让步方式。

A.坚定 B.等额 C.风险性 D. 不平衡

13.按照国际惯例，谈判中应先报价的谈判方是( C )

A.买方或卖方 B.买方或发起人C.卖方或发起人 D.买方、或卖方、或发起人

14. 国际谈判中座次安排基本要求是( B )

A.以左为尊，右高左低 B.以左为尊，左高右低C.以右为尊，左高右低 D.以右为尊，右高左低

15.视线接触对方脸部的时间正常情况下应占全部谈话时间的( B )

A.20%～30% B.30%～60% C.70%～90% D.无

所谓

二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)

1.选择自己所在单位作为谈判地点的优势有( CD )

A.便于侦察对方 B.容易寻找借口

C.易向上级请示汇报 D.方便查找资料与信息

2.谈判议程的内容包括( ABCD )

A.模拟谈判 B.时间安排 C.确定谈判议题 D.确定谈判人员

3. 国际经济贸易活动中解决争端的普遍的、基本的方式是( ABC )

A.第三方协调 B.仲裁 C.诉讼 D.贸易报复进行

4. 报价解释时必须遵循的原则是( ABCD )

A.不问不答 B.有问必答 C.避实就虚 D.能言不书

5.在国际交往场合，引导客人应遵循的原则有( AD )

A.以左为上 B.以内为上C.居中为上 D.以前为上

答案：B C B C D D C C D B多选：BC BC ABCD BCD BCD

1.简述国际商务谈判的基本原则。

(1)平等原则(2)互利原则(3)灵活机动原则(4)求同存异原则(5)重利益轻立场原则(6)人事分开原则(7)客观标准原则(8)尊法守约、诚信原则

2.简述商务谈判迎送乘车礼仪的注意事项。

(1) 有专职司机，以副驾驶后位置为上(2主任亲自驾车，以副驾驶为上3) 客车中进门位置为上

3. 简述谈判开局策略的种类及其含义。

(1)一致式开局，使对发对自己产生好感(2)保留式开局，对关键问题不做确切彻底回答(3)进攻式开局，表达己方强硬姿态，获得心理优势(4)坦诚式开局，开成不同阐述观点

4. 简述报价策略及其含义。

(1)报高价，以卖方确定的最期望价报出(2)引诱报价，为维系良好关系，尽可能维护自己利益的情况下照顾满足对方要求(3)中途变价，改变原报价趋势(4)使买方接受的报价方式，如分割法、心理价格等

5.让步的基本原则有哪些?

1)维护整体利益(2)明确让步条件(3)选择好时机(4)确定让步幅度(5)不承诺做出同等幅度让步

(6)让步中讲究技巧(7)不轻易让步(8)每次让步后检查效果(1分

四、案例分析题(本大题共4小题，共35分)

1.某县一饮料厂欲购买意大利固体桔汁饮料的生产技术与设备。派往意大利的谈判小组包括以下四名核心人员：该厂厂长、该县主管工业的副县长、县经委主任和县财办主任。

(1)如此安排谈判人员说明中国人的谈判带有何种色彩?(3分)严重的官僚色彩，计划经济行政干预经济色彩

(2)如此安排谈判人员理论上会导致什么样的后果?(3分)难以完成任务，甚至导致谈判破裂

(3)如何调整谈判人员? 主要理论依据是什么?(4分)

选派具有相应专业知识的商务人员、技术人员、法

律人员替换政府官员。依据是谈判班子组成的分工原则。

2.一中国企业谈判小组赴中东某国进行一项工程承包谈判。在闲聊中，中方负责商务条款谈判的成员无意中评论了中东盛行的伊斯兰教，引起对方成员的不悦。当谈及实质性问题时，对方较为激进的商务谈判人员丝毫不让步，并一再流露撤出谈判的意图。

1)案例中沟通出现的障碍主要表现在什么方面?这种障碍导致谈判出现了什么局面?(4分)

中方谈判人员素质导致不能进一步沟通。导致出现了僵局。

(2)应采取哪些措施克服这一障碍?采取中间人策略、换人策略、休会策略等

3)从这一案例中，中方谈判人员要吸取什么教训?懂得国际交往基本利益，对对方宗教信仰、国家事物等不能谈不能问。

3. 广东玻璃厂与美国欧文斯玻璃公司谈判引进设备过程中，在全部引进还是部分引进这个问题上僵住了，大家各执一词，相持不下。这时广东玻璃厂的首席代表就想，我们既要拿到真正好的东西，又要省钱。要达到这个目的，就不能让事情搞僵。为了缓和气氛，他就笑了笑，换了一个轻松的话题。他说，你们欧文斯的技术、设备和工程师都是世界上第一流的，你们投进设备，搞科技合作，帮我们搞好厂，只能用最好的东西。因为这样，我们就能成为全国第一，这不但对我们有利，而且对你们更有利。欧文斯的首席代理是位高级工程师，他听了这话很感兴趣。接着，广东玻璃厂代表话锋一转：“我们厂的外汇的确很有限，不能买太多的东西，所以国内能生产的就不打算进口了。现在，你们也知道，法国、日本和比利时都在跟我们东方的厂家搞合作，如果你们不尽快跟我们达成协议，不投入最先进的设备、技术，那么你们就要失去中国的市场，人家也会笑话你们欧文斯公司无能。”这样一来，频临僵局的谈判气氛立即缓解，最后，双方达成协议。广东玻璃厂为此省下了一大笔费用，而欧文斯公司也因帮助该厂成为全国同行业产值最高、能耗最低的企业而名声大噪。

(1)谈判中出现了何种气氛?(2分)由低调转为高调

(2)中方主要运用了什么策略? 利益协调策略，宠将法，最后通牒等

4.甲是谈判小组负责人，率领乙、丙、丁出国进行一项商务谈判。在与对方代表首次见面时，由丙向对方介绍自己的同伴乙。介绍乙的方式有两种：第一种方式，“这是我公司的会计，乙先生。”第二种方式，“这位是乙先生，他具有20xx年财务工作的丰富经验，有权审核500万美元的采购项目。”

(1)由谁向对方代表介绍乙比较合适?(2分)由负责人甲提出

(2)以何种方式介绍乙为好?(2

分)第二种方式较好

(3)用所选择的方式介绍乙有什么作用?能头起到抬高己方人员形象、给对方造成心理压力，使其产生紧张感。

(4)综观背景材料说明了什么样的问题?说明谈判的语言表达很重要，即使是简单的介绍，也能够起到一定的作用。

B A A A A ?C D A B B B D D B BCD BC BC ABCD BCD

2. 简述国际商务谈判准备阶段的主要工作内容。

(1)环境因素分析(2)相关信息准备(3)谈判方案制定 (4)模拟谈判

3.简析在谈判中如何建立双方的信任关系。

(1)要遵循求同存异原则(2)简历良好的谈判气氛把握开场白节奏，动作表情得体，破题选好时机，开场陈述陈恳等。

4. 简述谈判组织的人员构成。

(1)技术人才(2)管理人才(3)法律人才(4)商务人才(5)金融人才(6)语言人才(1分)

(7)其他：工程技术、仓储运输等把关人才

5.简述让步的基本原则。

(1)维护整体利益(2)明确让步条件(3)选择好时机(4)确定让步幅度(5)不承诺做出同等幅度让步(6)让步中讲究技巧(7)不轻易让步(8)每次让步后检查效果

6.试述仲裁与诉讼两种解决争端方式的主要区别。

(1)受理依据不同(2)审理人员不同(3)审理方式不同(4)机构性质不同(5)处理结果不同(2分)

四、案例分析题(本大题共3小题，共27分)

1. 甲乙双方已就有关的交易条件磋商长达3个月之久，基本形成了许多一致的意见，但还有一、两个问题需要进一步讨论。此时甲方提议到本地一风景点游船上边游览、边协商。结果双方很快签订了合同。

(1)甲方提议是一种什么样的谈判策略?场外交易策略

(2)这一策略主要用在谈判的什么过程中?大多数议题已取得一致，只在一两个问题上存在分歧。(3)使用这一策略会带来哪些好处?轻松友好，融洽气氛，缓和双方紧张局面

(4)使用这一策略要注意什么问题?注意不同习惯，某些国家商人忌讳在酒桌上谈生意

3. 在一次交易谈判中，甲方明显具有极强的谈判实力，但为了与对方能够达到交易，依然准备作出100元的预定让步，其准备的让步方式有四种：①0/0/0/100;②25/25/25/25;③50/35/10/5;④5/10/35/50。

(1)第二种方式称什么样的让步方式?等额让步方式

(2)第三种方式有什么样的优点? 幅度递减让步方式比较自然坦率，易为人接受，利于促成和局，不易产生失误。

(3)甲方最佳的让步方式是哪一种? 选择第一种方式。甲占绝对优势，坚持几次不让步可传达坚定信念，对手可能被征服。

最后让步可让人觉得果断，被认为有大家风度。

In the north of China, there lies a 6, 700-kilometer-long (4, 161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture. Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country.

Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu‘s story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu‘s story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC- 206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu‘s bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu‘s husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners. Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99, 999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the completion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate.

The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.

亲爱的游客们，我们已经来到长城脚下了。长城是在春秋战国时期秦始皇始建的。接着是明朝的大建，现在比较雄伟的长城关口基本都是明朝建的。比如山海关、八达岭、居庸关等。到清朝以后就基本不大规模修建了，直到现在。

让我们登上长城看看吧，这里的城砖十分平坦，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上方形的洞是瞭望口和射口。游客们请注意，不要爬到垛子上和城墙上，以免摔伤。城墙顶上每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，那是屯兵的堡垒，打仗的时候城台之间可以互相呼应。

关于长城还有一个传说：相传秦始皇时劳役繁重，青年男女范杞梁，孟姜女新婚三天，新郎就被迫出发修长城，不久因饥寒劳累而死，尸骨被埋在长城脚下。孟姜女历尽艰辛，万里寻夫来到长城脚下，得到的却是丈夫的噩耗，她在长城脚下大哭了三天三夜不止。长城为止迸裂露出范杞梁的尸骸，孟姜女绝望之中投海而死。从此山海关被认为是孟姜女哭长城之地，并建了孟姜女庙、孟姜女路等。

各位游客，大家现在可以自由活动一会儿，一小时后集合返程。

尊敬的各位游客：

大家好!我是你们的导游。大家在游览长城时，请不要再城墙上乱涂乱画，不能乱扔垃圾，一定要做一个文明游客。

现在我们已经来到了长城。看，这一段长城修筑在八达岭上，高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，是不是像很宽的马路呢?城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的?望口和射击口，供?望和射击用。请大家看，城墙顶上每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，那就是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。尊敬的各位游客：

大家好!我是你们的导游。大家在游览长城时，请不要再城墙上乱涂乱画，不能乱扔垃圾，一定要做一个文明游客。

现在我们已经来到了长城。看，这一段长城修筑在八达岭上，高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，是不是像很宽的马路呢?城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的?望口和射击口，供?望和射击用。请大家看，城墙顶上每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，那就是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。

大家站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，肯定能想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。你们看着数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重。那时没有火车、汽车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀、无数的手，一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。大家想一想，多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，才凝结这前不见头、后不见尾的长城呀!

这样气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大大的奇迹，它是中华民族勤劳和智慧的象征，是华夏儿女的骄傲。

好了，今天的游览就到这里，欢迎大家再来游览长城。

大家站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，肯定能想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。你们看着数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重。那时没有火车、汽车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀、无数的手，一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。大家想一想，多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，才凝结这前不见头、后不见尾的长城呀!

这样气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大大的奇迹，它是中华民族勤劳和智慧的象征，是华夏儿女的骄傲。

好了，今天的游览就到这里，欢迎大家再来游览长城。

长城英文导游词

dear visitors:

hello everybody! now our automobile is going on the badaling highway,must enter the badaling scenic area immediately which soon visits.front that mountain is the jundu, the badaling great wall occupies onthis mountain. in the spring and autumn period warring states time,our country ancient times the people on already started to constructthe great wall, at that time the feudal lord strove for hegemony, inorder to protect own territory not to encroach, therefore hasconstructed the great wall in abundance in respective boundary, wascalled mutually guards against the great wall.

but our country once appeared three to construct the great wall thepeak, respectively was the qin great wall, the chinese great wall,bright great wall. chin shihhuang in 221 b.c. unified area south ofyellow river, has established the qin dynasty, in order to strengthenthe rule north, defends nomads invasion, therefore will send thesenior general to hoodwink 恬 300,000 armies and very many laborforces the original north swallow, zhao, the qin great wall haslinked, and performed to expand, the lasted 9 years constructed westnear 洮 east to be continuous wan li to liaodong the great wall, thisalso will be in the chinese history the together great wall. to thehan dynasty, martial emperor of han dynasty also was for strengthenthe defense, "was not called hu madu the yin", has constructed anearly 20,000 mile great wall, simultaneously this also has protectedthe new development silk road, the chinese great wall is the qin greatwall together the front position and the defense line, west itxinjiang, east arrived liaodong, was in the chinese history constructsthe great wall longest dynasty. but the bright great wall is in thechinese history constructs the great wall the high point, the projectis big, essence of the technical is unique. same year zhu yuanzhangestablished ming dynasty in the unification nation in the process, hasaccepted "gao zhuqiang, guang jiliang, slow name king" suggestion. atthat time yuan dynasty although already perished, but also ismaintaining the quite complete military power, in addition graduallyrises nuzhen races unceasing invasion, therefore starts to constructthe great wall. the ming dynasty large-scale constructed the greatwall to achieve 18 were next many, only then basically has last yearsfinished to the ming dynasty, east nearby liaoning dandong yalurivers hushan, west to gansu jiayuguans bright great wall span 6,350kilometers. the bright great wall has three characteristics, buildsthe construction completely, manages the consummation, the layout isstrict. but we saw today the badaling great wall is a bright greatwalls part. but great wall in our country ancient times mostprimitive goal although is the defense, but at the same time it alsoplayed other roles. first is the military function, the second pieceis the economical function, it not only promoted the development andthe northern border economy development which opens up wasteland,moreover also is the area south of yellow river common people enjoys agood and prosperous life, third promoted various nationalitiesfusion. in addition, it has also protected the communication andpromoted the to foreign countries opening up. what is worthmentioning, in our country ancient times, not only only has thesethree time constructs the great wall the experience, according to thestatistics, in about in , successively some more than 20 feudallords country and the feudal dynasty all has constructed the greatwall, some people have made the sketchy computation, if the great wallwill rebuild together the height 5 meters, the depth 1 meter big wall,will many circle the earth 10 many all to have the wealth. famousfolklore: the beacon-fire play feudal lord and meng jiangnyu cry greatwall also is occurs in the great wall. now, the great wall afterpasses through several time repairs and maintains, basically restoredthe former appearance, is included in 1987 by the united nationseducational, scientific and cultural organization "world cultureinheritance name list", moreover it or now in world longest defensivecity wall! proliferated the our country 16 areas, the span hasachieved 10. 80,000 miles.

we passed through a moment ago the road, took place in yu guangou.guan gou is the mt. yanshan sierra and jundu sierra junction meetingplace, south changping area nankouzhen, northwest to yanqing countybadaling great walls area just outside the city gate, span 40 miles.is the area south of yellow river area leads to northwest plateau thepharynx and larynx important highway. the ming dynasty has arrangedfour defense lines in here, respectively is the nankou pass, occupiesthe commonplace pass, on closes, badaling. folds on the green jademountain in guan gouzhong, once had jin dynasty famous yanjing one ofeight scenery: occupies commonplace folds the green jade, what a pitynow the landscape already no longer existed.

we saw a moment ago that railroad was designs the construction by ourchinese the first railroad, designs peking-kalgan line by zhantianyou. because badaling area topography complex, the technicaldifficulty are very many, therefore zhan tianyou designs the personfont railroad, the success solved the train not to be able directly toclimb and the curve difficult problem, but made a connection longreaches 1,091 meters tunnels also to sigh the chinese and foreignpublic figure the clothing. now the bronze statue which sets up in theblack dragon bridge train station is zhan tianyou, but also has themonument.

closes the ditch because of to occupy the commonplace pass but to befamous, we may see front the grand construction occupies thecommonplace pass, its name origins from the qin dynasty, to chinshihhuang moves "the commonplace person" in here to live thereforeacquires fame. in the area inside the great wall, some famous whitemarble shitai, it is yuan dai as soon as has sat the streettower, above originally has three tibet type pagoda, destroyed in theafterwards earthquake. the ming dynasty in the original position ] hasestablished the taian temple, but has been destroyed in the kangxidynasty, only leaves behind now us to see the column foundation andlooks the column. baiyu shitaithe area has 310 square meter under ticket gate onto engrave has the lion, the elephant, the weird creature, relief andso on jin chiniao, separately represented the buddhism dense ancestor fivesides five buddhas place to ride, but also had tianlongbabu toprotect buddhist law the deity the relief. on the endophragm also hadthe four great heavenly gods relief and the god beastly design, theticket goes against also covers entirely daturas pattern, in theflower has engraved has the image of buddha, altogether 2,215. alsosome six kind of languages engrave "tuoluonepal after incantation" and "make towermerit to record", these all are yuan dai artistic high-quality goods,has the very high artistic value.

the badaling great wall is in the bright great walls outstandingrepresentative, because here extends in all directions, thereforebecomes badaling. possibly everybody can ask that, why has to speakthe great wall to construct in here? actually this mainly is becauseof the badaling area important geographical position. it not only isguarding the bright imperial tomb, moreover also is beijingsnorthwest front door.

the badaling great wall is in the history many significant eventstestimonies, for example the dreary queen mother patrols good fortune, yuan taizuenters the pass, west empress dowager cixi runs away and so on,badaling all is after all the road. speaks of here, but also somestory must say for everybody: is located closes the east end gateroadside, some megalith, the fable the eight power expeditionary forceattacked into beijing in 1900, cixi runs away in the west on the waypasses through here, once stood in this stone other day looks thenational capital, therefore this stone on is also called looks thebeijing stone. but present this stone already not that highlighted.

some speech everybody certainly knew that, not to great wall non- realman. introduced a moment ago that many landscape, you are certainlyanxious want to arrive the scenic area to tour, does not use theworry, you also had to become the real man immediately. good, here isthe famous badaling great wall distant place is the grand scenery, butdownward looked is the great wall important constituent old man city,he generally all constructs on the strategic in position keycommunication line. between old man city two is distanced 63.9 meters,the west gate inscribed horizontal tablet: key to defense of thenorth, i already have said in front. the east gate inscribedhorizontal tablet is: occupies the commonplace outside town, themeaning occupies a commonplace outside the passes strategic place. nowwe looked to the right release that, is ascending chengkou the southside to exhibit a cannon, named: invincible might general. ischong zhen year the manufacture.

the badaling great wall has three two walls compositions, what isthree two walls? now lets me give everybody to explain, threerespectively are the tower on a city wall, the enemy tower, tower on acity wall structure is extremely simple, only is the officers andsoldiers which guards evades the cold the place. that enemy towerstructure relative wants complex somewhat, divides into two, the lowerlevel is by the field, the well, returns, and so on the glyphcomposes, the upper formation has the crenel and looks the hole isobserves the military situation and the archery uses, therefore herealso has defends enemys function.

under arrived the beacon tower, also is called the beacon-fire, wolfyantai. is disagrees the great wall connected independentconstruction. once the enemy attack, lights the beacon-firenotification military situation, the ancient rewards the smoke whichthe daytime lights to be called beacon-fire, the evening is called the flint.ming dynasty time, but also has made the strict stipulation to thebeacon-fire and enemys relations that, enemy hundred, burn a smokeartillery; five caucasians, burn two smoke two artillery; abovethousand people, three smoke three artillery; above 5,000 people, foursmoke four artillery; above ten thousand people, five smoke fiveartillery. on through this way, in the border pass military situationcan the rapid transmission palace wall imperial palace.

said three, under on said next two walls. the great wall flank tallwall is called 牒 the wall, has the crenel is uses for to defend theenemy. but the inside insufficient meter high is called the daughterwall, also is called the space wall. in most starts the great wallinside is does not have the daughter wall, but frequently some peoplecan fall down the cliff, therefore has constructed this wall. each notfar has a small drainage in the great wall lower part of wall place,rainy day time by spits the tap to outside to drain water, in order toavoid the water washes out the city wall. but inside great walls walluses the stone block to cast, outside builds the brick, again spreadsout the flagstone in above, thus causes the building to be extremelyreliable!

42、有下列行为之一，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分

答：违反个人有关事项报告规定，不报告、不如实报告的;在组织进行谈话、函询时，不如实向组织说明问题的; 不如实填报个人档案资料的

43、有下列行为之一的，给予警告或者严重警告处分;情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分;情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分

答：在民主推荐、民主测评、组织考察和党内选举中搞拉票、助选等非组织活动的;在法律规定的投票、选举活动中违背组织原则搞非组织活动，组织、怂恿、诱使他人投票、表决的;在选举中进行其他违反党章、其他党内法规和有关章程活动的

44、有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分;情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分

答：对涉及群众生产、生活等切身利益的问题依照政策或者有关规定能解决而不及时解决，造成不良影响的：对符合政策的群众诉求消极应付、推诿扯皮，损害党群、干群关系的：对待群众态度恶劣、简单粗暴，造成不良影响的：弄虚作假，欺上瞒下，损害群众利益的

45、党组织有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分;情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分

答：党员被依法判处刑罚后，不按照规定给予党纪处分，或者对违反国家法律法规的行为，应当给予党纪处分而不处分的;党纪处分决定或者申诉复查决定作出后，不按照规定落实决定中关于被处分人党籍、职务、职级、待遇等事项的;党员受到党纪处分后，不按照干部管理权限和组织关系对受处分党员开展日常教育、管理和监督工作的

46、党员领导干部违反有关规定干预和插手市场经济活动，有下列行为之一，造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分;情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分;情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分

答：干预和插手建设工程项目承发包、土地使用权出让、政府采购、房地产开发与经营、矿产资源开发利用、中介机构服务等活动的;干预和插手国有企业重组改制、兼并、破产、产权交易、清产核资、资产评估、资产转让、重大项目投资以及其他重大经营活动等事项的;干预和插手批办各类行政许可和资金借贷等事项的;干预和插手经济纠纷的;干预和插手集体资金、资产和资源的使用、分配、承包、租赁等事项的

47.留党察看的期限最长不超过多长时间?

答：两年。

48.党员经过留党察看，仍坚持错误不改应当怎样处理?

答：开除党籍。

49.党的各级纪律检查委员会的主要任务是什么?

答：检查党的路线、方针、政策和决议的执行情况;维护党的章程和其他党内法规;协助党的委员会加强党风建设和组织协调反腐败工作。

50.党员受到警告或者严重警告处分，多长时间内不得在党内提升职务和向党外组织推荐担任高于其原任职务的党外职务?

答：党员受到警告处分一年内、受到严重警告处分一年半内，不得在党内提升职务和向党外组织推荐担任高于其原任职务的党外职务。

51.党员受到开除党籍处分，多长时间内不得重新入党。

答：五年。

今年暑假，为了迎接第29届北京奥运会，8月6日，大伯伯带我去了北京。8月8日早晨，我们按计划去慕田峪长城，听说要去长城，我的心别提有多高兴了。

出了北京城，高速公路两旁绿树成阴，空气格外新鲜，天空格外晴朗，城外的北京也和城里一样美丽。

行驶了一个小时后，我们进山了，车子开在弯曲的山路上，心中越来越激动。到了长城脚下，抬头仰望，长城蜿蜒起伏，远远看上去，就像一条横卧的巨龙，正准备一气冲天呢!这时一股强烈的庄严感冲入我的心中。“不到长城非好汉”，今天，我也要登上长城，做一回“好汉”了。

为了节省时间，我们乘缆车上了长城。走上长城，我发现台阶的表面已经凹凸不平，但却非常光滑，可想而知，有多少“英雄好汉”曾经走到过这里呀!我们决定往上面的烽火台走，这坚固的长城可真长啊!爬累了就靠在城墙上，那一刻，我仿佛穿越了时空回到了那个年代：民夫们在炎炎烈日中辛苦修筑，最后累死在长城脚下，坚固的长城在孟姜女的哭泣中轰而倒塌……我仿佛触摸到了历史。

游完了长城，我为自己是一个中国人而感到自豪。雄伟的长城，不正是我们中国人的脊梁吗?

大家看，我们已经到长城脚下了，俗话说：不到长城非好汉。今天我们就登上长城做好汉!

八达岭长城如同一条沉睡的金色巨龙，静卧在崇山峻岭之间，保护着祖国一片大好江山。这一块块古老的城砖，就是龙身上一片片鳞甲;这一个个巨大的堡垒，就是龙身上的龙鳍……。我们现在攀登的八达岭长城在各段长城中保存较完好，因此它最受人青睐。古代，总共有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城。秦国统一六国后，秦始皇发动一百八十万民工，将各国长城连接成万里长城。中间还有个故事：早时候是用泥和热水来粘城砖，筑长城的。一年冬天，燕国民工用来烧水的大锅漏了，架锅的石头一碰热水就炸出许多白粉，碰到水有涨成一团团白面面儿。大家觉得白面面儿比泥还粘，就用它来粘城砖，筑长城，效果很好。后来，秦始皇知道了，便腾出一座城让燕国民工住，让他们为自己烧白粉，并把那座城命名为燕京。白粉就是现在的石灰，燕京就是现在的北京，而燕国人民烧石头的山，叫燕京山脉。

现在我们面前的便是好汉坡，登上它我们就是一个好汉了，扶好铁扶手，我们GO!

亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好，我是你们的导游，今天，我们就去游览长城。

长城长一万三千里，是秦始皇统治中国时建造的，以前，各个长城都是分段的。不久，各国诸侯来到秦国侵略，为了抵挡各国诸侯侵略，秦始皇强制下令把这些长城连接起来，不过，这是一项艰巨的修建，光靠秦始皇这点人力，是连接不起来的，于是，秦始皇派兵抓捕百姓，只要是男的18岁以上，60岁以下。都被强迫逼过去修长城，修了不久，累死的，摔死的等，都不知死了多少人，最后，尸体都堆满了长城脚下，死了也不知多少人。最后百姓们实在受不了，于是就开始，最终秦朝就在农民大起义下灭亡了。

大家看，长城多么长，远看像一座长龙，近看是城墙，墙上有些垛子和了望台还有射击口，是共射击和了望用。打仗的时候，各个堡垒还可以呼应。每个堡垒相距是100米。

孟姜女哭长城这个传说也是关于长城的，相传，有一个男子，为了逃避抓捕，在孟姜女家的葡萄架上多躲起来，孟姜女看见了，问清了情况，表示了同情，于是那个男子就在孟姜女家住了下来，不就由于他俩关系逐渐变好，孟姜女就和那个男子结了婚，可是好景不长。很快抓捕人的人搜到了这里，把孟姜女的丈夫带走了。最后过了几天，孟姜女想她丈夫了，可是一打听，才知道她的丈夫已经死了，孟姜女伤心极了，于是就趴在长城上哭了三天三夜，最终把长城哭塌了

现在大家可以自由游赏，注意不要乱扔垃圾，尤其是在墙上签名，下午三点道入口处集合。

虎山长城建于明朝万历年间，是明朝万里长城东端的起点。其名因其建于宽甸县虎山乡的虎山南麓而得之。现存200余米，敌台3个。向北十余里还有6座墙台。

虎山状如卧虎，面积约四平方公里，主峰高146.3米。南临鸭绿江，与朝鲜的于赤岛和古城义洲隔江相望;西濒?ズ樱?地势险要，为关隘重地。虎山南距丹东市区20公里。

明代修筑的万里长城，是我国长城修筑史上规模最大、工程质量最好的一次，全长12700多里。《明史》上记载其"东起鸭绿，西抵嘉峪"，然而由于一些遗迹已经坍塌，仅存基垣，多年来人们只找到了山海关以西的长城，因而一直有明长城"东起山海关，西至嘉峪关"之误说。1989年，通过飞机航拍和实地调查考证，在中朝边境的辽宁省丹东市宽甸满族自治县境内，发掘出600余米长城遗址。随后，一批著名文物专家在丹东召开论证会后认定：明代万里长城的东端起点在宽甸县的虎山地段，它横越虎山向北向西经辽宁省的抚顺、沈阳、辽阳、鞍山、锦州与河北境内的山海关长城相连接。明长城东端起点的认定，是中国考古史上的一项重大发现和收获。

虎山长城发现后，中国政府开始对它展开保护和修复。1992年曾投资380万元人民币，修复了600多米虎山长城，初现了长城最东端的面貌。20xx年又总投资2230万元人民币，完成了1000多米的长城主体修复。

北京长城英文导游词

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

共2页，当前第1页12

我们要保护长城，因为它是中华古迹，是中国人的骄傲，可此刻它受到了破坏，我提出以下建议：

一我要建议游客们不要乱扔果皮，水瓶，废纸什么的，也不要在条石上乱刻乱画，不然长城会变得很难看。

二我期望长城的管理员就应让电视台做一些保护长城的广告或者是新闻，这样游客就会爱护长城了。

三建议想修复长城的人，请你们不要用现代的发明来修理长城，你们能够请专家来，让他们一点一点的把长城修好。

四我要对农民提出建议，你们就应去爱护长城，不就应去伤害它，你们也不就应用长城的条石垒自己家的墙，大家都该爱护我们的长城。

如果能做到这几点，长城务必会因为我们的爱国之心一代代地传下去的。

建议人：

20xx年xx月xx日

刚到北京不久，我就嚷着要去爬长城，爸妈同意了，便带上姥姥，到德胜门乘919路八达岭长城专线公交车。

经过一路奔波，八达岭长城终于到了。这段长城随山而造，是秦始皇当年发令建的，具有进攻和防守两优点。还没到长城入口，就看见毛主席当年留下的笔迹——不到长城非好汉!

从入口进去，就是一个平台，少说也有10平方米。在这里抬头望，邻山山头有雾笼罩着，不知有多高，而长城像条巨龙，蜿蜒上每个山头。我们向右走。

出了平台就是一个斜坡，像通往天国似的。刚开始还好，坡只有30度，不费劲。我跑到一个相对平缓的坡，停下来等爸妈和姥姥。

扶着城墙、踏着地砖，我不禁感叹：“哎呀，这长城仅靠古人的双手造出来!一万八千多里哪，可见古人意志坚强!”“是啊，是啊!看看城下有多高，三米呢!找边全中国石头运来造，厉害!”赶上我的妈妈说。

再向前走，坡度越来越大，也越来越陡，直至成了70度的坡，不得不拉着一旁的扶手上!好不容易到了一个转折点，我“扑通”一声坐在台阶上喘气，这才是长城的一部分啊!还好今天老天作美，是个阴天，要是前几天，或未来几天，北京有40摄氏度，又没索道，要热死。我们在此休息。

我仔细观察了城墙、城道。城墙都是锯齿状的，高的垛子用来遮掩自己，里面开个口子来监视敌情，矮的用来射击。中间的过道可以放下两辆轿车。

姥姥走不动了，爸爸提议回去，我非要爬到好汉坡不可，于是安顿好姥姥，我们继续向好汉坡进军。

我们来到一个方形城台。之前也有几个。城台也称烽火台，以前供屯兵防守匈奴使用，长城上每隔三百米就有一个。城台之间可以互相联系，如果一个城台发现匈奴打进来了，白天用狼烟，晚上用火，提醒其他屯兵戒备与增援。

到了第八座烽火台，刚要过去，发现唯一的进口被锁住了。“搞什么名堂，长城有那么现代化吗?不说石头缝里填了水泥，还把门反锁……”爸爸说。“长城有多少艰险都阻挡不了我们成好汉的意志，可一扇铁门和一把铜锁，却让我们与好汉无缘!”我惋惜道。

我们登上了回程车，我回头望了一眼长城，心中自豪感油然而生：这就是我们华夏民族智慧与体力的结晶，是奇迹!

在近段时间内，长城被游人搞到遍体鳞伤。长城上，游人乱丢垃圾，塑料袋、果皮、矿泉水瓶等等垃圾随处可见。还有一些当地村民“靠山吃山”，私自在一些垛口处搭设梯子等等不文明的行为。下面，我希望大家可以遵守以下几点：

1、长城是古代劳动人民的智慧和血汗的结晶，而且是我们的骄傲，而我们不停地破坏着我们的骄傲，迟早有一天，长城会被我们的不文明的`行为给破坏成一座废墟的。我希望大家可以保护长城。

2、长城上的游人的不文明的行为，我建议政府新加一条法律：只要是这长城上座出不文明的行为的人，不管是外国人还是中国人一律要重罚。

3、长城是独一无二的，更不是私人的，而是大家的。希望那些“靠山吃山”的当地村民能自我反省一下。

4、在长城外建起与长城不协调的建筑的房地产，希望你们可以把房子拆除。只要大家可以遵守以上几点，长城就会变得更加美丽。

大家好，我们现在在离北京不远的八达岭长城。我姓刘，大家可以叫我刘导。

我们现在站在长城的最高处，远看长城，它像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。

长城高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马都可以并行。

单看这数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车、汽车，没有起重机，就靠这无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。

我们继续往前走，城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。

能搭起这么长的建筑，就是靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步的抬上这陡峭的山岭。

这样气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹。

谢谢大家，今天的旅行结束了，再见。

In the north of China， there lies a 6，700-kilometer-long (4，161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China， it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world， the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.

Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction， and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant， such as Meng Jiangnu‘s story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu‘s story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC).

It tells of how Meng Jiangnu‘s bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu‘s husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure， so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately， by the time she reached the great wall， she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news， she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.

Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99，999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick，then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years.

After the completion of the project，one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.

In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall，there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si，who was very pretty. King You liked her very much， however Bao Si never smiled.

An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King‘s subjects， and might make the queen smile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou， King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus， King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.

Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall， many more stories were created and spread.

大家好，我是今天的导游，我姓梁，大家可以叫我梁导游。今天大家游览的地方是长城，俗话说得好：“不到长城非好汉。”今天，就让我们登上长城做好汉吧!

北京长城如同一条条沉睡的金色的巨龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋，保卫着祖国伟大的毛主席，这天安门广场，就像龙身上的一片片鳞甲;这一个一个巨大的堡垒，好像龙身上的麟，秦统一六国以后，秦始皇发动一百八十万民工，将各个长城连接成了万里长城。

中间还有一个故事：古时候的路是用泥和热水来粘成的，现在我们面前的就是好汉坡了，登上了它们就是好汉了!我们扶好扶手，向前进吧!

从北京出发，不过一百里就来到了万里长城的脚下，这一段长城修筑在八哒岭上，高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的，城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像一条很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。这气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹!

今天的旅游就到这里结束了，希望大家下次再来观看这万里长城，看看我们中国这样气魄雄伟的奇迹呀!

按照共青团中央、中央和国家机关团工委的有关部署，按照中国文联机关团委的要求，结合协会工作实际，中国美协团支部近期积极开展“绽放战疫青春·坚定制度自信”主题宣传教育实践活动。

针对目前新冠肺炎疫情情况，积极响应中央和国家机关团工委部署开展“青年学习会”活动，中国美协团支部继续利用好协会青年干部微信群，组织协会青年干部开展学习分享交流活动。

组织青年干部深入学习领会习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，学习贯彻习近平总书记在看望参加全国政协十三届二次会议的文艺界社科界委员时的重要讲话精神和全国宣传思想工作会议上的重要讲话精神，认真贯彻落实习近平总书记关于文艺工作的系列重要讲话精神，加强政治素质和理论修养，保证疫情期间理论水平不松懈。

及时转发习近平总书记关于统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作的系列重要讲话精神和重要指示批示精神，组织协会青年干部认真学习习近平总书记给北京大学援鄂医疗队全体“90后”党员的回信精神，协会青年干部在学习“回信”后纷纷发表学习感言，一致表示习总书记的“回信”极大鼓舞了我们青年一代，我们将继续勤练内功，带领更多的90后00后青年冲锋在前，用汗水浇筑青春，以实际行动证明自己堪当大任。

鼓励青年干部积极投稿，交流分享疫情期间的所见所感。协会青年干部被驰援湖北的医护工作人员和身边热心人感动着，见证了广大党员在这场抗击疫情的战斗中，以舍生忘死的行动，践行入党的初心与誓言。作为青年干部更应主动担起历史使命和政治责任，坚守岗位，逐步成为推动社会发展的主力军，在时代风雨中经受考验，在艰难磨砺里成长成才，为祖国发展奉献青春。

同时，针对目前疫情期间网络环境的复杂，中国美协团支部要求协会青年干部坚持正确政治方向，坚定不移同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，在日常的工作与生活中，带头健康、积极、乐观、友善跟帖，共同营造理性、平和、有序的网络舆论氛围。

各位游客：

欢迎诸位来河北旅游，祝各位在邢台度过一段轻松惬意的时光。

首先我来做一下自我介绍，我姓李，是铁路昌龙的专职导游，大家可以叫我小李，也可以叫我李导，今天我们的司机姓x，x师傅有着丰富的驾车经验，俗话说：大海航行靠舵手。所以我们会度过个愉快又安全的一天，有句歌词里说过"十年修的同船渡"今天我们能和大家共同开始这一天的旅行我感到非常得荣幸。我们一起出行，车厢就是我貌同的家，请大家一定要保持车厢的清洁，也真诚希望我能把今天变成你们一段美好的回忆。

现在是8：00正，我们现在就要出发了，大家把自己的行李放好，今天是一个艳阳高照的好天气，希望给你们一个好的心情，好的心情会发现美丽的风景，现在我们已经上路了距我们今天要到的景点有两个小时的路程，大家都是邢台人，在你们眼中得邢台市什么样的那?我现在就给大家简单的介绍一下邢台。

邢台位于河北省南部，北与省会石家庄相攘，南与邯郸相临，东与山东隔河相望，西靠着巍巍太行山，邢台市区面积12486平方公里，人口680万，邢台交通十分便利京广，京九铁路和京深高速贯穿南北，公路干线四通八达，民航机场连接各大城市。邢台有着悠久的历史，早在公元前16世纪殷商便建都在此，《史记》记载：商第十六代君王祖乙迁都于邢，柏杨的

咱们老邢台都知道一句俗话"三个女人守街头，一个老头一头牛"，很形象说明了邢台，在守敬路与中兴街交界十字路口有三女塑像，邢台名人郭守敬在达活泉有一尊铜像，那这一头牛是什么哪?许多城市都有别称，比如昆明被称为春城，济南被称为泉城，那邢台又名牛城，邢州是春秋时期所见，十六国时期石勒阔修，北宋时期又重修，重修后

的城墙周九里十三步，阔六步，上可卧牛俗称"卧牛城"又有一种说法在古时候有一年发洪水，所有的地面被滔滔的洪水覆盖，有一头神牛驮着一个小孩来到了邢台这片大地上，繁衍生息，代代相传有了现在勤劳诚恳地牛城人，至今市区留有牛市街，东牛角，西牛角，市郊有牛尾河等等这头神牛留下的痕迹，随着这几年的经济改革的发展，邢台已经成为以煤炭，电力，钢铁为主，皮革、纺织为辅的中等工业城市，邢台市是由国务院1987年批准对外开放的，市区有郭守敬纪念馆，市南有沙河秦王湖，市东有千年古庙—扁鹊庙等省级风景区，而在邢台西山里有这几年刚被开发的景区，则犹如太行山美丽的女儿一样，虽未经过粉饰玉雕，却天生丽质，好似一颗颗明珠散落在邢台西部广阔的土地上。